# Iran

**Iran** bangaran rasmi **Republik Islam Iran** (basa Persia: جمهوری اسلامی ايران *Jomhuri-ye Eslami-ye Iran*), nang dipinandui juwa lawan Persia, adalah sabuting nagara nang andakannya di Asia Barat. Tagal lah, mulai wayah bahari nagaranya ngini sudah disambat "Iran" lawan panduduknya. Sampai tahun 1935, Iran masih disambat lawan "Persia" di dunia barat. Wayah 1959, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi manyambat kaduanya kawa haja dipakai. Adapun istilah Iran, tiba tumatan kuyaan "Aryan" nang artinya "Nagara Bangsa Arya".

Iran bahalatan lawan Azerbaijan (500 km) wan Armenia (35 km) di barat laut, Laut Kaspia di utara, Turkmenistan (1.000 km) di timur laut, Pakistan (909 km) wan Afghanistan (936 km) di Timur, Türki (500 km), wan Irak (1.458 km) di Barat, wan Taluk Persia wan Taluk Oman di salatan.

Wayah 1979, ada sabuting Revolusi Iran nang dipimpin lawan Ayatollah Khomeini manyatuakan Republik Islam Teokrasi nang jadinya ngaran langkap Iran wayah ini adalah "Republik Islam Iran" (jamhuri اسلامی ایران).

Iran ngini inya nagara banyak budaya nang baisi banyak jua bubuhan suku wan basa, nang iyanya nangkaya bubuhan urang Persia 51%, urang Turki (orang Azerbaijan Iran) 17-18, 10-11% urang Kurdi, 6% urang Luri, 4.5% urang Mazenderani, 3.5% urang Gilak, 2.1% urang Baloch, 1.9% urang Arab, 1% Urang Turkmen, & 2% (Qashqai, Talish, Afshar, Semnani, Tati, Armenia, Asyur, Georgia, Mandaean, Sirkasia, Yahudi, Khalaj, Bashkardi, wan lain-lain).

## Riwayat

### Riwayat pamulaan, Kakaisaran Media wan Kakaisaran Akhemeniyah (3200 SM - 330 SM)

Tumatan pasuratan riwayat bahari, paradaban Iran nang panambayan iya Proto-Iran, dituntii lawan paradaban Elam. Rahatan milenium kadua, wan katiga, Bangsa Arya madam ka Iran, wan mandiriakan kakaisaran Iran nang panambayan iya itu Kekaisaran Media (728-550 SM). Kakaisaran ngini sudah jadi simbul pamulaan bangsa buhannya, wan juwa kakaisaran Iran, nang ditarusakan lawan Kakaisaran Akhemeniyah (648-330 SM) nang didiriakan lawan Koresy Agung.

### Pembagian administratif

Wilayah-wilayah Iran manuruik angka di kiri
Iran dibagi jadi 30 propinsi nang dikudusiakan sabuting gubernur (استاندار, ostāndār). Kar di subalah kada manunjukakan provinsi Hormozgan, (#20 di daptar) nang inya ni tagasnya pulau:

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
| 1. | Teheran |
| 2. | Qom nang |
| 3. | Markazi |
| 4. | Qazvin nang |
| 5. | Gīlān |
| 6. | Ardabil nang |
| 7. | Zanjan |
| 8. | Azerbaijan Timur |
| 9. | Azerbaijan Barat |
| 10. | Kurdistan |

 |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
| 11. | Hamadān |
| 12. | Kermanshah |
| 13. | Ilam |
| 14. | Lorestān |
| 15. | Khūzestān |
| 16. | Chaharmahal wan Bakhtiari |
| 17. | Kohgiluyeh wan Boyer-Ahmad |
| 18. | Bushehr |
| 19. | Fārs |
| 20. | Hormozgān |

 |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
| 21. | Sistan wan Baluchestan |
| 22. | Kerman |
| 23. | Yazd lawan |
| 24. | Isfahan |
| 25. | Semnān |
| 26. | Mazandarān |
| 27. | Golestān |
| 28. | Khorasan Utara |
| 29. | Razavi Khorasan |
| 30. | Khorasan Selatan |

 |

## Kapandudukan

Iran ngini nagara nang rami juwa, marga tardiri matan banyak bubuhan agama wan etnis nang basatu malalui basa wan budaya baimbai Iran.

Populasi Iran batambah banyak di paruh kadua abad ka-20, maningkat matan kikira 19 juta ikung nusia di 1956 sampai ka kikira 75 juta di 2009. Tagal, tingkat baranak urang Iran taturun di tahun-tahun parak ini, nang maulah tingkat partumbuhan populasi pas Juli 2012 kikira 1.29% wastu. Studi-studi *memproyeksikan* bahwa partumbuhan pacangan balambat tarus sampai stabil di atas 105 juta wayah 2050.

## Basa

Pambanyaknya panduduk di Iran bapandir basa Persia, nang juwa salajur marupakan basa rasmi nagara.

## Jujuhutan