# बोरॉन

Boron,  5B| boron (β-rhombohedral) |
| आम लच्छन (जनरल प्रापर्टी) |
| नाँव के उच्चारण | /ˈbɔːrɒn/ ​(*BOHR-on*) |
| एलोट्रोप | α-, β-rhombohedral, β-tetragonal (and more) |
| रूपरंग | black-brown |
| स्टैंडर्ड परमाणु वजन (*A*r, standard) | [7001108059999999999♠10.806, 7001108210000000000♠10.821] conventional: 7001108100000000000♠10.81 |
| पीरियाडिक टेबल में Boron |
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|  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Hydrogen |  | हीलियम |
| लिथियम | बेरीलियम |  | बोरॉन | कार्बन | नाइट्रोजन | ऑक्सीजन | फ्लोरीन | नियॉन |
| सोडियम | मैग्नीशियम |  | अल्मुनिया | सिलिकॉन | फॉस्फोरस | गंधक | क्लोरीन | आर्गन |
| पोटैशियम | कैल्शियम | स्कैंडियम |  | टाइटैनियम | वैनेडियम | क्रोमियम | मैंगनीज | लोहा | कोबाल्ट | निकेल | ताँमा | जस्ता | गैलियम | जर्मेनियम | आर्सेनिक | सेलीनियम | ब्रोमीन | क्रिप्टन |
| रुबिडियम | स्ट्रॉन्सियम | यिट्रियम |  |  | जिरकोनियम | नियोबियम | मॉलिब्डेनम | टेक्नीशियम | रुथेनियम | रोडियम | पैलेडियम | चानी | कैडमियम | इंडियम | टीना | एंटिमनी | टेल्यूरियम | आयोडीन | जेनॉन |
| सीजियम | बेरियम | लैंथेनम | सेरियम | प्रासियोडाइमियम | नियोडाइमियम | प्रोमेथियम | समेरियम | युरोपियम | गैडोलिनियम | टर्बियम | डिस्प्रोसियम | होल्मियम | अर्बियम | थुलियम | यिट्टर्बियम | लुटेटियम | हाफ्नियम | टैंटलम | टंगस्टन | रेनियम | ऑस्मियम | इरीडियम | प्लैटिनम | सोना | पारा | थैलियम | सीसा | बिस्मथ | पोलोनियम | एस्टेटीन | रेडान |
| फ्रंशियम | रेडियम | एक्टिनियम | थोरियम | प्रोटैक्टिनियम | यूरेनियम | नेप्चुनियम | प्लुटोनियम | अमेरिसियम | क्युरियम | बर्केलियम | कैलिफोर्नियम | आइंस्टाइनियम | फर्मियम | मेंडेलेवियम | नोबेलियम | लॉरेंशियम | रदरफोर्डियम | डब्नियम | सीबोर्गियम | बोरियम (तत्व) | हस्सियम | मेइट्नेरियम | डार्मश्टाटियम | रंटगेनियम | कॉपरनीशियम | निहोनियम | फ्लेरोवियम | मॉस्कोवियम | लिवरमोरियम | टेनेसीन | ओगानेस्सन |

 | – ↑ **B** ↓ Al |
| beryllium ← **boron** → carbon |

 |

 |
| परमाणु नंबर (*Z*) | 5 |
| ग्रुप | group 13 |
| पीरियड | 2  |
| ब्लॉक | p  |
| इलेक्ट्रान कन्फिगरेशन | [He] 2s2 2p1 |
| Electrons per shell | 2, 3 |
| भौतिक लच्छन |
| फेज at STP | solid |
| पघिलाव ताप | 2349 K ​(2076 °C, ​3769 °F)  |
| उबाल ताप | 4200 K ​(3927 °C, ​7101 °F)  |
| घनत्व जब लिक्विड होखे ( प.ता.) | 2.08 g/cm3  |
| फ्यूजन के एन्थाल्पी | 50.2 kJ/mol  |
| बास्पीकरण के एन्थाल्पी | 508 kJ/mol  |
| मोलर हीट कैपसिटी | 11.087 J/(mol·K)  |
| भाप दाब

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| P (Pa) | 1 | 10 | 100 | 1 k | 10 k | 100 k |
| at T (K) | 2348 | 2562 | 2822 | 3141 | 3545 | 4072 |

 |
| परमाणु संबंधी लच्छन |
| ऑक्सीडेशन स्टेट | −5, −1, +1, +2, **+3** (a mildly acidic oxide) |
| इलेक्ट्रोनिगेटिविटी | Pauling scale: 2.04  |
| आयनाइजेशन एनर्जी | * 1st: 800.6 kJ/mol
* 2nd: 2427.1 kJ/mol
* 3rd: 3659.7 kJ/mol
* (more)
 |
| एटॉमिक रेडियस | empirical: 90 pm  |
| कोवैलेंट रेडियस | 84±3 pm  |
| वान डर वाल्स रेडियस | 192 pm  |
|

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| --- |
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**स्पेक्ट्रल लाइन** |

 |
| अन्य लच्छन |
| क्रिस्टल स्ट्रक्चर |  ​rhombohedral |
| Speed of sound  thin rod | 16,200 m/s (at 20 °C)  |
| थर्मल ऍक्सपैंशन | β form: 5–7 µm/(m·K) (at 25 °C)  |
| थर्मल कंडक्टिविटी | 27.4 W/(m·K)  |
| इलेक्ट्रिकल रेजिस्टिविटी | ~106 Ω·m (at 20 °C)  |
| चुंबकी क्रम | diamagnetic  |
| मोहो हार्डनेस | ~9.5  |
| सीएएस (CAS) नंबर | 7440-42-8  |
| इतिहास |
| खोज | Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac and Louis Jacques Thénard (30 June 1808) |
| पहिला आइसोलेशन | Humphry Davy (9 July 1808) |
| boron के प्रमुख आइसोटोप |
|

| Iso­tope | Abun­dance | Half-life (*t*1/2) | Decay mode | Pro­duct |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 10B | 19.9(7)% | 10B is stable with 5 neutrons |
| 11B | 80.1(7)% | 11B is stable with 6 neutrons |

 |
| 10B content may be as low as 19.1% and as high as 20.3% in natural samples. 11B is the remainder in such cases. |
|

**बोरॉन** एगो रासायनिक तत्व बाटे जेकर रसायनिक चिन्हा **B** बाटे आ परमानु अंक 5 बाटे।

## संदर्भ