# Boron

Boron, 5B| boron (β-rhombohedral) |
| Boron boron· |
| Pabaosan | /ˈbɔːrɒn/ ​(*BOR-on*) |
| Alotrop | α-, β-rhombohedral, β-tetragonal (miwah liyanan) |
| Cingakan | selem masawang soklat |
| Bobot atom standar *A*r, std(B) | [7001108059999999999♠10.806, 7001108210000000000♠10.821] konvénsional: 7001108100000000000♠10.81 |
| Boron ring tabél périodik |
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|  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Hidrogén |  | Hélium |
| Litium | Bérilium |  | Boron | Karbon | Nitrogén | Oksigén | Fluorin | Néon |
| Natrium | Magnésium |  | Aluminium | Silikon | Phosfor | Urirang | Klorin | Argon |
| Potasium | Kalsium |  | Skandium | Titanium | Vanadium | Kromium | Mangan (datu) | Wesi | Kobalt | Nikel | Temaga | Séng | Gallium | Gérmanium | Arsenik | Sélénium | Brom | Kripton |
| Rubidium | Strontium |  |  | Ittrium | Zirkonium | Niobium | Molibdénum | Téknésium | Ruthénium | Rhodium | Palladium | Pérak | Kadmium | Indium | Timah | Antimoni | Téllurium | Yodium | Xénon |
| Sésium | Barium | Lanthanum | Sérium | Praséodimium | Néodimium | Prométhium | Samarium | Éuropium | Gadolinium | Terbium | Disprosium | Holmium | Érbium | Thulium | Itterbium | Lutésium | Hafnium | Tantalum | Tungstén | Rhénium | Osmium | Iridium | Platinum | Mas | Rasa (datu) | Thallium | Timbal | Bismuth | Polonium | Astatin | Radon |
| Fransium | Radium | Aktinium | Thorium | Protaktinium | Uranium | Néptunium | Plutonium | Amérisium | Curium | Berkélium | Kalifornium | Éinsteinium | Fermium | Méndelevium | Nobélium | Lawrénsium | Rutherfordium | Dubnium | Seaborgium | Bohrium | Hassium | Meitnérium | Darmstadtium | Roéntgénium | Kopernikium | Nihonium | Flérovium | Moskovium | Livermorium | Ténnessin | Oganésson |

 | – ↑ **B** ↓ Al |
| bérilium ← **boron** → karbon |

 |

 |
| Wilangan atom (*Z*) | 5 |
| Watek | golongan 13 (golongan boron) |
| Période | période 2 |
| Blok |   blok-p  |
| Konpigurasi éléktron | [Hé] 2s2 2p1 |
| Éléktron per kulit | 2, 3 |
| Cecirén pisik |
| Pase ring STP | padet |
| Titik lebur | 2349 K ​(2076 °C, ​3769 °F)  |
| Titik didih | 4200 K ​(3927 °C, ​7101 °F)  |
| Kapadetan ri kala éncéh (ring t.l.) | 2.08 g/cm3  |
| Panes fusi | 50.2 kJ/mol  |
| Panes panguapan | 508 kJ/mol  |
| Kapasitas panes molar | 11.087 J/(mol·K)  |
| Tekanan uap

| P (Pa) | 1 | 10 | 100 | 1 k | 10 k | 100 k |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| at T (K) | 2348 | 2562 | 2822 | 3141 | 3545 | 4072 |

 |
| Cecirén atom |
| Paindikan oksidasi | −5, −1, 0, +1, +2, **+3** (oksida asam tenga) |
| Kaéléktronégatipan | skala Pauling: 2.04  |
| Wasa ionisasi | * ka-1: 800.6 kJ/mol
* ka-2: 2427.1 kJ/mol
* ka-3: 3659.7 kJ/mol
* (malih)
 |
| Jeriji atom | émpiris: 90 pm  |
| Jeriji kovalén | 84±3 pm  |
| Jeriji Van der Waals | 192 pm  |
| **Garis spéktral saking boron** |
| Cecirén liyanan |
| Rupa alami | primordial |
| Struktur kristal |  ​rombohédron |
| Kagelisan swara  pales tipis | 16,200 m/s (ring 20 °C)  |
| Ékspansi térmal | β form: 5–7 µm/(m⋅K) (ring 25 °C)  |
| Konduktivitas térmal | 27.4 W/(m⋅K)  |
| Resistivitas listrik | ~106 Ω⋅m (ring 20 °C)  |
| bacakan magnétik | diamagnetic  |
| Karentanan magnétik molar | 3005330000000000000♠−6.7×10−6 cm3/mol |
| Kakatosan Mohs | ~9.5  |
| Nomor CAS | 7440-42-8  |
| Lelintihan |
| Panemuan | Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac and Louis Jacques Thénard (30 Juni 1808) |
| Isolasi kapertama | Humphry Davy (9 Juli 1808) |
| Isotop utama boron |
|

| Iso­top | Kalimpahan | Paruh-idup (*t*1/2) | Mode paluruhan | Pro­duk |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 10B | 20% | tegteg |
| 11B | 80% | tegteg |

 |
| 10B 19.1–20.3% madaging ring sampel alami, sareng sisa jyané punika 11B. |
|

Boron
**Boron** silih tunggil datu kimia antuk simbol **B** miwah wilangan atom 5. Kaproduksi samian olih spalasi sunar kosmik miwah supernova miwah nénten olih nukléosintésis bintang, inucap datu kaakéhan akedik ring Tata Surya miwah ring kerak gumi. Sawatara 0,001 persén saking bobot kerak gumi.

## Pustaka