# Chordata

| *Chordata*
 Periode

 |
| --- |
|  |
| Taksonomi |
|  |
| superdomain | Biota |
| superdomain | Cytota |
| domain | Eukaryota |
| *Klad* | Amorphea |
| *Klad* | Obazoa |
| klad | Opisthokonta |
| superkerajaan | Holozoa |
| *Klad* | Filozoa |
| *Klad* | Apoikozoa |
| krajan | Animalia |
| subkrajan | Eumetazoa |
| *Klad* | Parahoxozoa |
| subkrajan | Bilateria |
| *Klad* | Nephrozoa |
| superfilum | Deuterostomia |
| Pilum | Chordata  William Bateson , 1885  |
|  |
|  |
| Subgrup |
| * Cephalochordata
* **Olfactores**
	+ †*Haikouella*
	+ Tunicata
	+ Craniata
	+ †Myllokunmingiidae
	+ †Palaeospondylus
	+ † Zhongxiniscus
	+ † Tullimonstrum

miwah cingak teks |

**Chordata** inggih punika soroh buron deuterostom sané madué rangka sané marupa tali pinggang. Wentén sawatara 60.000 spésiés chordata sané kauningin ring jagaté. Filum Chordata inggih punika kelompok buron, minakadi vertebrata miwah makudang-kudang buron sekadi invertebrata sané madué cecirén sané pateh. Makasami anggota kelompok puniki, ring makudang-kudang titik ring kahuripannyane, madue notochord, tali saraf dorsal sane bolong, celah faring, endostyle, lan ikuh sane berotot sane nglintangin anus. Vertebrata inggih punika kelompok buron sané madué tulang punggung. Ring sistem klasifikasi, vertebrata inggih punika subfilum saking filum Chordata. Kordata kakepah dados petang subfilum inggih punika: Vertebrata, Urokordata, Sefalokordata, miwah Hemikordata. Urokordata miwah sefalokordata inggih punika buron sané nénten madué tulang belakang.

Chordata ngranjing ring buron sane madue ceciren sekadi ring sor puniki:

* Ipun madué notochord, kerangka sané keras sakéwanten fleksibel, sakadi batang. Notochord magenah ring pantaraning saluran pencernaan miwah tali saraf, nglimbak ring salantang angga mangda prasida ngwentuk sumbu kerangka.
* Ipun madué tali saraf tunggal sané bolong sané magenah ring dorsal nuju notochord, miwah muncuk anterior sané ageng sané ngwentuk otak.
* Ipun madue ikuh sane nglimbak ring ungkur ngantos ring anus.
* Ipun madue celah ring faring.

Makasami vertebrata madué serangkaian tulang alit (vertebrae) sané nglimbak ring punggung saking sirah ngantos ikuh. Serangkaian tulang belakang puniki, sané kawastanin tulang punggung, ngwentuk sumbu rangka, ngentosin notochord. Tulang punggung mafungsi anggen nukung angga lan nyaga tali saraf.

## Taksonomi

Skema ring sor puniki kaambil saking edisi kaping tiga *Vertebrate Palaeontology*. Pengkelasan invertebrata diambil dari Dunia Ikan.

* **Filum Chordata**
	+ Subfilum **Tunicata** (3.000 spésiés)
		- Kelas **Ascidiacea**
		- Kelas **Thaliacea**
		- Kelas **Appendicularia**
		- Kelas **Sorberacea**
	+ Subfilum **Cephalochordata** (30 spésiés)
		- Kelas **Leptocardii** (lancelets)
	+ Subfilum **Vertebrata** (Craniata) (57.674 spésiés)
		- Infrafilum incertae sedis
			* Superkelas '**Agnatha'** parafiletik (100+ spésiés)
				+ Kelas Myxini (65 spésiés)
				+ Kelas Petromyzontida
				+ Kelas †Conodonta
		- Infrafilum **Gnathostomata Superkelas incertae sedis
				+ Kelas †**Placodermi**
				+ Kelas **Chondrichthyes** (900+ spésiés)
				+ Kelas †**Acanthodii Superkelas **Osteichthyes** (30.000+ spésiés)
				+ Kelas **Actinopterygii** (30.000 spésiés)
				+ Kelas **Sarcopterygii** (8 spésiés)
			* Superkelas **Tetrapoda** (28,000+ spésiés)(Klasifikasi ring sor puniki kadasarin antuk Benton 2004, miwah ngawigunayang sintesis manut ring undagan taksonomi Linnaeus miwah taler nyihnayang paiketan evolusioner. Benton ngranjingang Tetrapoda Kelas Super ring Subkelas Sarcopterygii mangda nyihnayang tedun langsung tetrapoda saking ulam sané masirip sinar, yadiastun sané kapertama madué undagan taksonomi sané tegehan.)
				+ Kelas **Amphibia** (amfibia; 7,000 spésiés)
				+ Kelas **Sauropsida** (reptil (termasuk burung); 9,000+ spésiés)
				+ Kelas **Synapsida** (mamalia; 5,700+ spésiés)

### Filogeni

|  |
| --- |
| Chordata |
|

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| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Chordata**  |

|  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  Cephalochordata |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|   |  Amphioxus |
|   |

 |
|   |
| **Olfactores**  |

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Tunicata  |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|   |  Appendicularia (sebelumnya Larvacea) |
|   |
|   |  Thaliacea  |
|   |
|   |  Ascidiacea  |
|   |

 |
|   |
|  Craniata  |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|   |
Myxini |
|   |
|  Vertebrata  |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|   |  Conodonta† |
|   |
|   |  Cephalaspidomorphi† |
|   |
|   |  Hyperoartia (Petromyzontida) |
|   |
|   |  Pteraspidomorphi† |
|   |
|  Gnathostomata  |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|   |  Placodermi† |
|   |
|   |  Chondrichthyes |
|   |
|  Teleostomi  |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|   |  Acanthodii† |
|   |
|  Osteichthyes  |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|   |  Actinopterygii |
|   |
|  Sarcopterygii  |

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| void |

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  Tetrapoda  |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|   |  Amphibia |
|   |
|  Amniota  |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|   |  Mammalia |
|   |
|  Sauropsida  |

|  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| void |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|   |  Lepidosauromorpha (kadal, lelipi, tuatara, dan sejenisnya yang punah) |
|   |

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|   |
|   |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|   |  Archosauromorpha (buaya, kedis, dan sejenisnya yang punah) |
|   |

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| Kladogram saking filum Kordata. Garis nyihnayang minab paiketan evolusioner. |

## Pustaka