# لتونی

| لتونی جمهوریتی* *Latvijas Republika*  (لاتیش)
* *Latvejas Republika*  (لاتقالی)
* *Lețmō Vabāmō*  (Livonian)
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| --- |
|
بایراق

میلی نیشان

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| **میلی مارش:Dievs, svētī Latviju!*  (لاتیش) ("God Bless Latvia!")شابلون:Parabr |
|  لتونی یئری نقشه اوستونده (dark green)– in اوروپا (green & dark grey) – in the اوروپا بیرلیگی (green)  –  [Legend] |
| پایتختو بؤیوک شهری | ریقا ﻿ / ﻿ |
| رسمی دیللر | لاتیشa |
| Recognized languages | لیوون لاتقالی |
| اتنیک قروپلار (2022) | * 63.0% لاتیش‌لار
* 24.2% Russians
* 3.1% Belarusians
* 2.2% اوکراینالی‌لار
* 1.9% Poles
* 1.1% لیتوان‌لار
* 0.3% Roma
* 0.2% Jews
* 4% Others /  Unspecified
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| دین (2018) | * 64% مسیحیت
* • 36% Lutheranism
* • 17% Catholicism
* • 9% Orthodoxy
* • 2% Other Christian
* 35% No religion
* 1% Others
 |
| دمونیم(لر) | Latvian |
| دؤولت | Unitary parliamentary republic |
|  |
| • President  | Egils Levits |
| • Prime Minister  | Krišjānis Kariņš |
| • Speaker of the Saeima  | Edvards Smiltēns |
|  |
| قانون اوقانی | Saeima |
| Independence from Germany and the شوروی |
|  |
| • Declared  | 18 November 1918 |
| • Recognised  | 26 January 1921 |
| • Constitution adopted | 7 November 1922 |
| • Restored after Soviet occupation  | 21 August 1991 |
| • Joined the EU | 1 May 2004 |
|  |
| اراضی |
| • جمعی | ۶۴٬۵۸۹ km2 (۲۴٬۹۳۸ sq mi)Convert internal error: unknown message (122nd) |
| • سو (%) | 2.09 (2015) |
| جمعیت |
| • 2022 تخمینی | 1,842,226 (153rd) |
| • سیخیلیق | ۲۹٫۶/km2 (۷۶٫۷/sq mi)Convert internal error: unknown message (147th) |
| جی‌دی‌پی (PPP) | 2022 تخمینی |
| • جمعی | $72.03billion (105th) |
| • آدام‌باشی | $38,124 (48th) |
| جی‌دی‌پی (نامینل) | 2022 تخمینی |
| • جمعی | $40.588 billion (100th) |
| • آدام‌باشی | $21,482 (44th) |
| جینی (2021) |  35.7 اورتا |
| اچ‌دی‌آی (2021) |  0.863 چوخ‌یوخاری · 39th |
| پول واحیدی | یورو (€) (EUR) |
| چاغ بؤلگه‌سی | UTC+2 (EET) |
| • یای (دی‌اس‌تی) | UTC+3 (EEST) |
| تاریخ فورمتی | dd/mm/yyyy |
| سوروجولوک طرفی | right |
| تیلفون کودو | +371 |
| ایزو ۳۱۶۶ کودو | LV |
| اینترنت ال‌تی‌دی | .lvc |
| 1. Latvian is the sole official language. Livonian is considered an indigenous language and has special legal status. Latgalian written language and Latvian Sign Language also have special legal status.
2. Latvia is *de jure* continuous with its declaration of 18 November 1918.
3. The .eu domain is also used, as it is shared with other اوروپا بیرلیگی member states.
 |

**لتونی** یا دا رسمی آدیلا لتونی جمهوریتی اوروپانین قوزئی دوغوسوندا و ایستونی نین گۆنئینده یئرلشن بیر اوْلکه دیر.ریقا لتونینیٛن پایتختیٛ و بالتیکیانیٛ اؤلکلرده ان بؤیۆک شهر.

## نوتلار

## قایناقلار

## کیتاب

### لتونی

* Arveds, Švābe (1949). *The Story of Latvia: A Historical Survey*. Stockholm: Latvian National Foundation. OCLC 2961684.
* Bleiere, Daina; and Ilgvars Butulis; Antonijs Zunda; Aivars Stranga; Inesis Feldmanis (2006). *History of Latvia: the 20th century*. Rīga: Jumava. ISBN 9984-38-038-6. OCLC 70240317.
* Cimdiņa, Ausma; Deniss Hanovs, eds. (2011). *Latvia and Latvians: A People and a State in Ideas, Images and Symbols*. Rīga: Zinātne Publishers. ISBN 978-9984-808-83-3.
* Dreifelds, Juris (1996). *Latvia in Transition*. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-55537-1.
* Dzenovska, Dace. *School of Europeanness: Tolerance and other lessons in political liberalism in Latvia* (Cornell University Press, 2018).
* Ģērmanis, Uldis (2007). *The Latvian Saga*. Rīga: Atēna. ISBN 978-9984-34-291-7.
* Hazans, Mihails. "Emigration from Latvia: Recent trends and economic impact." in *Coping with emigration in Baltic and East European countries* (2013) pp: 65–110. online
* Lumans, Valdis O. (2006). *Latvia in World War II*. Fordham University Press. ISBN 0-8232-2627-1.
* شابلون:Cite EB1922
* Plakans, Andrejs (1998). *Historical Dictionary of Latvia* (2nd ed.). Lanham: The Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-5515-1.
* Plakans, Andrejs (2010). *The A to Z of Latvia*. Lanham: The Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-7209-7.
* Plakans, Andrejs (1995). *The Latvians: A Short History*. Stanford: Hoover Institution Press. ISBN 978-0-8179-9302-3.
* Pabriks, Artis, and Aldis Purs. *Latvia: the challenges of change* (Routledge, 2013).
* Rutkis, Jānis, ed. (1967). *Latvia: Country & People*. Stockholm: Latvian National Foundation. OCLC 457313.
* Turlajs, Jānis (2012). *Latvijas vēstures atlants*. Rīga: Karšu izdevniecība Jāņa sēta. ISBN 978-9984-07-614-0.

### بالتیک ایالتلر

* Auers, Daunis. *Comparative politics and government of the Baltic States: Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania in the 21st century* (Springer, 2015).
* Bojtár, Endre (1999). *Forward to the Past – A Cultural History of the Baltic People*. Budapest: Central European University Press. ISBN 978-963-9116-42-9.
* Hiden, John; Patrick Salmon (1991). *The Baltic Nations and Europe: Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania in the Twentieth Century*. London: Longman. ISBN 0-582-08246-3.
* Hiden, John; Vahur Made; David J. Smith (2008). *The Baltic Question during the Cold War*. London: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-56934-7.
* Kasekamp, Andres (2010). *A History of the Baltic States*. London: Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-230-01940-9.
* Jacobsson, Bengt (2009). *The European Union and the Baltic States: Changing forms of governance*. London: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-48276-9.
* Lane, Thomas, et al. *The Baltic States: Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania* (Routledge, 2013).
* Lehti, Marko; David J. Smith, eds. (2003). *Post-Cold War Identity Politics – Northern and Baltic Experiences*. London/Portland: Frank Cass Publishers. ISBN 0-7146-8351-5.
* Lieven, Anatol (1994). *The Baltic Revolution: Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, and the Path to Independence* (2nd ed.). New Haven/London: Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-05552-8.
* Naylor, Aliide (2020). *The Shadow in the East: Vladimir Putin and the New Baltic Front*. London: Bloomsbury Academic. ISBN 9781788312523.
* Plakans, Andrejs (2011). *A Concise History of the Baltic States*. Cambridge: Cambridge UP. ISBN 978-0-521-54155-8.
* Smith, Graham, ed. (1994). *The Baltic States: The National Self-determination of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania*. New York: St. Martin's Press. ISBN 0-312-12060-5.
* Steen, Anton. *Between past and future: elites, democracy and the state in post-communist countries: a comparison of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania* (Routledge, 2019).
* Williams, Nicola; Debra Herrmann; Cathryn Kemp (2003). *Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania* (3rd ed.). London: Lonely Planet. ISBN 1-74059-132-1.

### روسیه

* Cheskin, Ammon. "Exploring Russian-speaking identity from below: The case of Latvia." *Journal of Baltic Studies* 44.3 (2013): 287–312. online Archived 25 June 2021 at the Wayback Machine.
* Cheskin, Ammon. *Russian-Speakers in Post-Soviet Latvia: Discursive Identity Strategies* (Edinburgh University Press, 2016).
* Commercio, Michele E. (2010). *Russian Minority Politics in Post-Soviet Latvia and Kyrgyzstan: The Transformative Power of Informal Networks*. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN 978-0-8122-4221-8.
* Šleivyte, Janina (2010). *Russia's European Agenda and the Baltic States*. London: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-55400-8.

## ائشیک باغلانتیلار

دؤولت
* President of Latvia
* Parliament of Latvia
* Government of Latvia
* Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Latvia
* Statistical Office of Latvia
* Latvian Institute
* Bank of Latvia

عومومی معلومات
* Latvia Online
* European Union country profile
* Britannica Online Encyclopedia
* BBC News country profile
* Latvia Archived 2021-01-09 at the Wayback Machine.. *The World Factbook*. مرکزی ایطلاعات تشکیلاتی.
* Latvia from UCB Libraries GovPubs
* لتونی Curlie دا
* Key Development Forecasts for Latvia from International Futures

مدنیت
* Latvian Cultural Canon
* Latvian Culture Map
* Latvian Culture Portal
* Livonian Culture Portal Archived 2021-07-19 at the Wayback Machine.
* State Agency of Cultural Heritage
* National Library of Latvia Archived 1 June 2021 at the Wayback Machine.
* Latvian Heritage
* Latvian Music Information Centre

سیاحت
* Official Latvian Tourism Portal

نقشه‌لر
* Wikimedia Atlas of Latvia
* لتونی جوغرافیا داده‌لری اوپن‌استریت‌مپ ده