# Hudson Bost serna

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| **Hudson Bost serna** ( *Hudson River School* ) tir yambaf lizor awiyis koe Tanarasokeem bak XIX-eafa decemda is reduyus gan lospa dem lingesik turestayan gan pestakeva.
Louis Rémy Mignot, *Niagara* (1866)
Taneafa oxila
Hudson Bost serna va konak amerikaf lingesik kobayas wali 1820-e sanda isu 1870-e lospar. Geltron muxaks bak 1879 anton zo glotcayar. Taneaf lingeropaf lizor awiyis koe Tanarasokeem, inafa redura jadion pu Thomas Cole ( 1801-1848 ) zo yofter. Bantan koe Catskill bak 1836 va int inkeyer azen inafa trutca kaatoesa va amerikapaf patectoy, va aryon lingesik tcampus va inafa tula num batinde tazukas va Hudson Bost serna di turestayad.
Lingesik ke taneafa oxila va Hudson krant is monexo is dere Catskill jaka isu Adirondacks isu White valentrone Tanarasokeem lasukaatoeyed. Va patectoy ton brevizap nelkon lingeyed.
Yambik ke Hudson Bost serna va rietova va Lugode tuevayana gan Edmund Blake eireaf trakopik kan *A philosophical Enquiry into the Origin of Our Ideas of the Sublime and Beautiful* ( *Trakopafa kogrupara va Xanta ke Minyona Rieta va Lugode is Liste, 1757* ). Trakuyud da Tuwava tiyir exaksara ke lorafa gijarotiuca isu vonuca. Ware ketaf patectoy ke Tanarasokeem gu Xantafuda zo doluneyed
Toleafa oxila ( 1848-1870 )
Radimi awalkera ke Thomas Cole bak 1870, Asher Brown Durand ( 1796-1886 ) va otsa ke lizor narir. Vanpiyir taneagadesik ke *Vedeyaf Cultim va Zovdara* ( National Academy of Design ) ise va verteem ke patectoyafa lingeropa tubeksayar. Durand va John William Caselear tavembik doon doimpayar numen bantan va gretcara joke patectoyafa lingeropa jovleyer, abdialbason va brevizam lodam glupaf buneks ke yambik ke taneafa oxila.
Soe lingesik ke Hudson Bost serna me tid male milyona seltafa anameda ise va mil martig me dye uned. Toleafa oxila ke Hudson Bost serna va afifa keska isu anamedafa faveyer.
Frederic Edwin Church ( 1826-1900 ) va *Niagara stoya* vox dere patectoy dive Tanarasokeem ( Andes rodega, Pokefa Roneka, Naelxo ) lingeyer.
Louis Rémy Mignot ( 1831-1870 ) va Niagara stoya dere linger, is nakila va tcabanera bak fentugal is ronekaf patectoy.
Lingesik va Rocky rodega
Lingesik xantaf gu Germana, Albert Bierstadt ( 1830-1902 ) tir bocaf kaatoesik ke Hudson Bost serna. Bak 1858 va brinuga ke Lander vombik koe Rocky rodega pakeyer. Ko bata gola bak 1863 az 1871/1872 gin lakiyir. Inaf patectoy va amerikafa talteka tid pintakirapaf is ilamkaf is dile selus. Lantan va in wetce afievik pulad. Inaf jontik buneks va Yosemite krant va disafa tuwava nedid.
Inafa trutca yoltkiraf Landers Peak ( 1863 ) gan McHenry kelotaf tilapik ika 25000 dollar talolk zo lusteyer ; va jontika mikropafa pinta razdar ise va milbavakiraf patectoy drager.
Thomas Moran ( 1837-1926 ) va Rocky rodega jontikviele lingeyer. Wira ke Thomas Moran va patectoy ke amerikafa talteka tiyir gorukafa ta redura va Yellowstone vedeyaf gerd. Inaf lingeks vangrupeyes va gijuca is gedruca ke patectoyeem ke Yellowstone pu amerikafa aba gan bokasik va azed zo atoeyed. Thomas Moran is Albert Bierstadt is Thomas Hill is William Keith gu *Rocky rodega serna* nope jontik patectoy ke talteka lingeyen gan bata lospa dile zo vuested.
Afieva
John Frederick Kensett is Martin Johnson Heade is Fritz Henry Lane va *Hudson Bost serna* oye intyon nyasesaf lingeks ezfid. Va fenkunaf patectoy ( bira ik uzda ik eipxo ) tuvodan gan anamedafa keska volad. Va afievaf lizor tadled, i va lizor kruptes da afi ke Warzafa Tamava sotir pilkovafi kir exaksara ke Lorik koe patectoy.
Nelkaf lingesik

| Yambik | Delt | Grabom | Kobl- | Aw- | Giva |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Albert Bierstadt |  |  | 1830 | 1902 | Lingesik xantaf gu Germana, Albert Bierstadt ( 1830-1902 ) tir bocaf kaatoesik ke Hudson Bost serna. Bak 1858 va brinuga ke Lander vombik koe Rocky rodega pakeyer. Ko bata gola bak 1863 az 1871/1872 gin lakiyir. Inaf patectoy va amerikafa talteka tid pintakirapaf is ilamkaf is dile selus. |
| Alfred Thompson Bricher |  |  | 1837 | 1908 | Turestayan gan Martin Johnson Heade is Fitz Henry Lane, kralan gu afievaf lizor koe Tanarasokeem, tir tan ironokaf kaatoesik ke Hudson River School. |
| John William Casilear |  |  | 1811 | 1893 | Xanton gretcasik, gu lingera gan Asher Brown Durand zo koldayar. |
| Frederic Edwin Church |  |  | 1826 | 1900 | Tavembik ke Thomas Cole. Beka gan tuwavaf opeem zo turestayar, pune gan swavaf lum ke intafa yamba dun zo abdikereleyer. |
| Thomas Cole |  |  | 1801 | 1848 | Krupteyene gu redusik va Hudson Bost serna, va jontika nakila koe intafa mona ke Catskill lingeyer. |
| Samuel Colman |  |  | 1832 | 1920 | Bewik ke Vedeyaf Cultim va Zovdara, in ape tiyir tavembik ke Asher Brown Durand. |
| Jasper Francis Cropsey |  |  | 1823 | 1900 | Tis ke taneafa oxila ke Hudson Bost serna, va muvugalaf patectoy tulon lingeyer. Trakuyur da patectoy tiyir lokiewaf tazuk ke lingeropa isen da tuwava tiyir rontifa exaksara ke Lorik. |
| Thomas Doughty |  |  | 1793 | 1856 | Taneaf amerikaf yambik tanon eksudas va patectoy. |
| Asher Brown Durand |  |  | 1796 | 1886 | Grupen nope inyon pintakiraf lingeks va aal is pistok is toeem. |
| Robert Scott Duncanson |  |  | 1821 | 1872 | Afrikamerikaf yambik lingeyes bak Wideytafa Geja isu radimi is turestayan gan Hudson Bost serna. |
| Sanford Robinson Gifford |  |  | 1823 | 1880 | Wetce tan emokilik ke Hudson Bost serna, inaf patectoy gan afikeska kralasa va afievaf lizor zo tuvodad. |
| William Hart |  |  | 1823 | 1894 | Tiyir tavembik ke Jules-Joseph Lefebvre. |
| William Stanley Haseltine |  |  | 1835 | 1900 | Moni 1859 ko New York va int inkeyer. |
| Martin Johnson Heade |  |  | 1819 | 1904 | Va jontika patectoyafa trutca lingeyer ise tiyir nik do konak yambik ke Hudson Bost serna. |
| Thomas Hill |  |  | 1829 | 1908 | Va patectoy ke California, tulon ke Yosemite krant lingeyer, is ke White jaka ke New Hampshire. |
| David Johnson |  |  | 1827 | 1908 | Kobliyis koe New York, dene Vedeyaf Cultim va Zovdara vayayar aze tiyir tavembik ke Jasper Francis Cropsey. Do John Frederick Kensett is John William Casilear, tiyir lokiewaf kaatoesik ke amerikafa afieva. |
| John Frederick Kensett |  |  | 1816 | 1872 | Grupen nope inyon patectoy va New York is New England is krimteem ke New Jersey is Long ewala, tir ke toleafa oxila ke Hudson Bost serna. |
| Fitz Henry Lane |  |  | 1804 | 1865 | Tan zolonaf kaatoesik va afieva koe Tanarasokeem. |
| Jervis McEntee |  |  | 1828 | 1891 |  |
| Louis Rémy Mignot |  |  | 1831 | 1870 | Grupen nope inyon ronekaf patectoy is Niagara stoya is wiks va Paris. |
| Thomas Moran |  |  | 1837 | 1926 | Inafa trutca volasa va patectoy ke amerikafa talteka tiyid gorukafa ta redura va Yellowstone vedeyaf gerd. |
| Robert Walter Weir |  |  | 1803 | 1889 |  |
| Worthington Whittredge |  |  | 1820 | 1910 | Nik ke Albert Bierstadt is Sanford Robinson Gifford, koyapayar ise tiyir taneagadesik va Vedeyaf Cultim va Zovdara. |

Vuestexa

* (en) John K. Howat, *American Paradise, The World of the Hudson River School*. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Harry N. Abrams, Inc., New York, 1987
* (en) Sanford Robinson Gifford is Kevin J. Avery is Franklin Kelly, *Hudson River School Visions : The Landscapes of Sanford R. Gifford*, Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2004, ISBN 588390985
* (en) John K. Howat, *The Hudson River and its Painters*, Viking Press, 1972, ISBN 0670385581

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| **Hudson Bost serna**
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* Thomas Cole
* Frederic Edwin Church
* Albert Bierstadt
* Thomas Moran
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|  **Ind** | Lingeropa |
|  **Sare** | 1820-1880 |
|  **Tigixo** | Tanarasokeem |
|  **Yambik** | Cole, Bierstadt, Church, Durand, Kensett, Moran |
|  **Dalaf lizor** | Pestakeva |
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|   Tuveli icde Lingeropa   |

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