# Animalia

|  **Animalia**  |
| --- |
| Cuantos animals. |
| **Denominacions populars** |
| *animals* |
| **Clasificación cientifica** |
| Dominio: | Eukaryota |
| Reino: | Animalia |
| **Descripción** |
| **Animalia**  Whittaker, 1969 |
| **Filos** |
| Filos d'Animalia:
* Choanoflagellatea
* Metazoa
	+ Parazoa
		- Porifera
		- Vendobionta†
	+ Eumetazoa
		- Placozoa
		- Ctenophora
		- Cnidaria
		- Bilateria
			* Xenacoelomorpha
			* Deuterostomia
				+ Ambulacraria
					- Hemichordata
					- Echinodermata
				+ Chordata
					- Vertebrata
			* Protostomia
				+ Ecdysozoa
					- Scalidophora
						* Kinorhyncha
						* Loricifera
						* Priapulida
					- Nematozoa
						* Nematoda
						* Nematomorpha
					- Panarthropoda
						* Onychophora
						* Tardigrada
						* Arthropoda
				+ Spiralia
					- Chaetognatha
					- Mesozoa
						* Orthonectida
						* Rhombozoa
					- Platyzoa
						* Platyhelminthes
						* Gastrotricha
						* Rotifera
						* Acanthocephala
						* Gnathostomulida
						* Micrognathozoa
						* Cycliophora
					- Lophotrochozoa
						* Sipuncula
						* Nemertea
						* Phoronida
						* Bryozoa
						* Entoprocta
						* Brachiopoda
						* Mollusca
						* Annelida
						* Echiura
 |

Os **animals** (cientificament, o reino **Animalia**, d'antis mas tamién Metazoa) son organismos vivos quimio-organo-heterotrofos pluricelulars, lo menos en a suya forma adulta, con respiración aerobia -son toz dependients de l'oxicheno- y reproducción sexual -con formación de gametos haploides y zigotos diploides (ciclo vital haplo-diploide)-, que son diferenciables d'altros sers vicos heterotrofos per a suya sensibilidat y capacidat de movimiento voluntario.

Anque que no ye de plen una caracteristica que agrupe a toz os animals, s'ha de parar cuenta que muitos d'os organismos adintro d'este grupo son os que han desarrollato mes y millor a capacidat suya ta lo movimiento. Bi ha animals estaticos como os poriferos (esponchas) que tienen nomás movimiento ciliar adintro d'os suyos conductos centrals meyante celulas que desplazan l'augua, sin que l'animal entero pueda fer garra movimiento propiament dito.

Con bien pocas excepcions, as mes visibles d'entre os propios Porifera, os animals tienen cuerpos bien diferenciatos con teixitos deseparatos. Ixes incluyen, asinas, os musclos que se contrayen ta controlar o movimiento, y un sistema niervoso que ninvía y procesa sinyals. También gosan tener una *cambra* dichestiva interna, con una u dos ubriduras enta l'exterior. Ye la presencia d'estas tres caracteristicas lo que fa que os animals que las tienen sigan cuaternatos como «*metazoos*» u «*eumetazoos*», estando ixe segundo termin lo mes endicato mientres que lo primer no sería si que una expresión a sobén confusa ta designar a toz os animals de manera cheneral.

Toz os animals tienen celulas eucariotas embolicatas d'una matriz extracelular caracteristica composada de colacheno y glicoproteínas elasticas. Ixa matriz puet manifestar-se en diversas formas, como per eixemplo cuan ye calcificata en os uesos u closcas d'os moluscos.

Mientres o suyo desarrollo embrionario, forman de regular una carcasa relativament flexible adintro d'a cual as celulas pueden mover-se de forma relativament libre y reorganizar-se, fendo posibles altras estructuras posteriors mes complexas. Tot ixo contrasta con altros organismos multicelulars como plantas y fongos, a on que as celulas obtienen o suyo puesto dende os prencipios meyante la formación de parez celulars que experimentan una creiximiento progresivo.

La parte d'a biolochía que estudia los animals ye la zoolochía.

## Filochenia

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| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Animalia** |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
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Choanoflagellatea |
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| Metazoa |

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| --- | --- |
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Porifera |
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| Eumetazoa |

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| --- | --- |
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Ctenophora |
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| Parahoxozoa |

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| --- | --- |
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Placozoa |
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| Planulozoa |

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| --- | --- |
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Cnidaria |
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| Bilateria |

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| --- | --- |
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Xenacoelomorpha |
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| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Protostomia |

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| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Spiralia |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
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Chaetognatha |
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| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Gnathifera |

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Gnathostomulida |
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Micrognathozoa |
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Rotifera |
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Acanthocephala |
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| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |

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| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Trochozoa |

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| --- | --- |
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Mollusca |
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| Vermes |

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| --- | --- |
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Annelida |
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Nemertea |
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| Lophophorata |

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| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
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| --- | --- |
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Brachiopoda |
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Phoronida |
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Bryozoa |
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Entoprocta |
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Cycliophora |
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| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
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| --- | --- |
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Platyhelminthes |
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Gastrotricha |
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| --- | --- |
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Orthonectida |
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Rhombozoa |
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| Ecdysozoa |

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Scalidophora |

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| --- | --- |
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Loricifera |
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| --- | --- |
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Kinorhyncha |
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Priapulida |
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| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Nematozoa |

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| --- | --- |
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Nematoda |
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Nematomorpha |
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| Panarthropoda |

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| --- | --- |
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Onychophora |
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| --- | --- |
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Tardigrada |
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Arthropoda |
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| Deuterostomia |

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Ambulacraria |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
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Hemichordata |
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Echinodermata |
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| Chordata |
Vertebrata |
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## Referencias

## Bibliografía

* (en) Hickman, C. P., Ober, W. C. & Garrison, C. W. *Principios integrales de zoología*, 13.ª edición, 2006.. McGraw-Hill-Interamericana, Madrid (etc.), XVIII+1022 pp. ISBN 84-481-4528-3.
* (en) Storer, Tracy. *General Zoology*. 6th edition. MC. Graw Hill Book Company, Inc.

## Se veiga tamién

* Celula eucariota.
* Eukaryota.
* Fungi.
* Plantae.
* Reino (biolochía).
* Zoolochía.

## Vinclos externos

* Wikispecies tiene un articlo sobre Animalia.
* Se veigan as imáchens de Commons sobre **Animalia**.