# Rikisi no Afohan

**O Rikisi no Afohan**（kuwaping a sowal：阿富汗歷史）

Do’edoen ko tilid no mikakinkiway,nani anini i’ayaw no 5ofad miheca,iraay to ko tamdaw a maro’ itini, o ciko no lalan no isifo’ay acia ko kaitinian nona kitakit,nengengen ko rikisi nona kitakit, cila malalood cila marawraw ko kasaniyaro’, nawhani, nano to’asan malafiyaway to romaroma a hontian kitakit, patinakohan: Posi hontian kitakit, Koncie hontian sifo, Kuisan hontian kitakit, Tang Caw, Mutor hontian kitakit（Urto a sowal：مغلیہ سلطنت‎， falicen to：Mughliyah Saltanat‎，Posi sowal ：مغلیہ سلطنت‎，Roma tilid：mug͟hliyah saltanat，意為「蒙兀兒蘇丹國」, Cin Caw(清朝), Hontian Ikiris ato Rosya itinitay tona kitakit a malala’is. Ira ho ko katelang a Hontian Kirisiya Kitakit ato ci Cinkisuhan[3](成吉思汗sowal no Monko：ᠴᠢᠩᠭᠢᠰ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ，鮑培轉寫：Činggis qaγan，tilid no Sirir：Чингис хаан).

## **O Nikowan no Roma a Finacadan(異族統治)**

Ano nengnengen ko rikis no Afohan,

Ayhamaytosa Tolani*(Portrait miniature of Ahmad Shah Durrani)*
kinapinapina to malengat a mapalo ato malowid no roma a finacadan, o roma ’i, o kakitaan no niyaro’ sanga’ saton niyah teked a sofitay milood to fiyaw a niyaro’ malakitakit sato a malahad, patinako han i sasfo’an no 18sici, mapatireng ko Ayhamaytosa Tolani a hontian kitakit*（Shāh Durr-i-Durrān, 1724~1772）,*o sa’ayaway a kitakit itini. Ona honti tonini ’i, so’emetay ko faloco’ orasaka pecihen ningra ko sera no kitakit a palilam to fiyafiyaw.

Hakowaay ko kasasiromaroma finacadan ko mikowanay,silsil han i la’eno:

Toranni Honti (Shuja Shah Durrani of Afghanistan in 1839)
Posi Hontian a Pikowan（’ayaw no 6 sici－’ayaw 330 miheca）

Konci Hontian a Pikowan（’ayaw 324miheca－’yaw187miheca）

Pakotoriya Hontian Pikowan（latek ’ayaw no 250 miheca－latek ’ayaw no 135 miheca）

Kusan Hontian Kitakit*(Kushan)*（sili 1sici－3sici）

Tang ho（659 miheca－751 miheca）

Arapiya Hontian Kitakit（751年－820年）

Kacini Hontian Kitakit（962 miheca－1151 miheca）

Posi Kol Hontian Kitakit（1151 miheca－1215 miheca）

Posi Kalti Hontian Kitakit（1245 miheca－1389 miheca）

Timol Hontian Kitakit（1389 miheca－1507 miheca）

Monor Hontian Kitakit*(Mughliyah Saltanat‎)*（16 sici－1747 miheca）

## **Afohan Hontian Kitakit(阿富汗王朝)**

Toranni Hontian Kitakit（1747 miheca－1826 miheca）

Palakocayi Hontian Kitakit（1836 miheca－1973 miheca）

## **Ingataay Miheca(近代)**

No aniniay a Afohan Kitakit namapatireng itiyaay ho 1746 miheca Toranni Hotian miheca, ono aniniay to a Afohan kitakit ’i, 1747 miheca a

Amanula Honti (King Amanullah Khan)
, o ikor tono 19sici malikelong to ko ’icel nona kitakit, sa itira a mala’afas ko Ikiris ato Rosiya to sapi’ecoaw a maro’. Ya malahonti ci Amanula(*Amanullah Khan，* أمان الله خان ，) ta misiiked a mapatireng ko aniniay a kitakit i 1919 miheca ,itira ko pisa’eli to Ikiris to malalenay a kakaketonan a tilid, manaay ko Ikiris orasaka misatapang to sakakinatolo a pilood to Ikiris,yo malowid to ko Ikiris i, matatilid to malalenay a kakaketonan i 1921miheca 11 folad 22 romi’ad,caay to ko kakowanan no Ikiris. Nikawrira, nani 1900 miheca taha 2001 miheca 11 ko malatapangay a mikowan tona kitakit awaay ko pakalaheciay to kalatapang i kamaro’an.

O samahinakeray a mihecaan no Afohan ’i, itiray i kalahontian ni Mohanmot Casirsa(（Posi sowal：محمد ظاهرشاه‎）nani 1933 miheca tahira i 1973 miheca. Itiya i 1973 miheca mafelih no cecaay ko pona a salikaka ningra ci Mohanmot Tautehan （Posinto sowal：سردار محمد داود خان‎）, mapalasawad ko hontian a faco no kitakit. 1978 miheca ira ko picoker no Rosiya to Afohan Kalotamdawan Tang a mifelih to sifo, ci Mohanmot Tautehan ato laloma’an ’aloman ko mipatayan.

Tomireng to kona Afohan Kalotamdawan Tang mitatoy to sakowan no kitakit, nikawrira palili’en no Amirika to payso ko Islam Sofitay (Arapiya sowal：مجاهد‎，Latin sowal：muǧāhid，Ikiris sowal：Mujahid，意為聖戰者）)mamifelih to aniniay a sifo, sapidipotaw to aniniay a sifo ko Rosiya i 1979 miheca 12 folad 24 romi’ad ocor han to ko sofitay a mitoker to nicokeran no Amirika a komi,na onini to ko sakala’aised no Rosiya ato Akirika, satapang sato ko lalood to mo’etep ko mihecan, ’aloman ko mahikedaay a kalotamdaw tona lalood, 1989 miheca sawad sato ko Rosiya a malalood nokay sanay to ko polong no sofitay.

## **Nikapolongan Kitakit(共和國時期)**

Nani ikor tono 1970 miheca, wataay to ko nikapadesan nona kitakit to lalood ato rawraw,ano irairaay ko pipasasinga’ay no roma a kitakit, caay ka tangsol sa a malali’ay ko malalooday, itiya sato i 2001 miheca warawar han to palasawad koya ci’icelay a mikowan nani 1996 miheca a Talipan Sifo (Posinto ato Posi sowal：طالبان‎，o imi nonini ’i,o 「Mitiliday no Islam a Pitooran」，Roma tilid：*Taliban*，o Mitooray a tamdaw)

Itini tona Nikapolongan Kitakit a pikowanan a mihwca i,masasiromaroma ho 6 a sifo:

Kakeridan no Talipan Sifo ci pin Laten(Osama bin Laden portrait)
Afohan Nikapolongan kitakit (1973 miheca -1978 miheca)

Afohan Finawlan Kitakit (1978 miheca -1992 miheca)

Afohan Islam Kitakit (1992-1996)

Afohan Islam Kakitaan Kitakit (1996-2001)

Afohan Islam Kitakit (pacarcaran sifo 2001-2004)

Afohan Islam Nikapolongan Kitakit (2004-)

## **Ikor no 2000 miheca(2000年以後)**

Ikaleponan no 2001 miheca, masaopo ko kakeridan no masacefacefangay i Toic masasowal, mihai patireng to fa’elohay a faco no sifo, matoro’ ci Hamito Karcayi（Posinto sowal：حامد کرزۍ‎， Posi tilid：حامد کرزی‎；Latin：Hāmid Karzai）mala’ayaway kamaro’an tamdaw no pacarcaray sifo, tona kasasowal ’i, malaheci a miketon to sapisanga’aw to fa’elohay a kinpo ato misaharaka to sinkiw no congtong, 2004 miheca 10 folad 9 romi’ad sa’ayaway ho a pisinkiw to congtong i Afohan, o sakcecay namisinnkiwan a congtong ci Hamito Karcayi, nikawrira niaro’an ho no sofitay no Amirika ko Afohan.

2009 miheca saka 8 folad sakakinatosa a pisinkiw to congton ci Hamito Karcayi ko maalaay tona sinkiw, toya miheca saka11 folad maro’ i katayalan. 2014 miheca pasaliyad heca a misinkiw to congtong,ci Kani ko maalay malacongton, saka 9 folad saka 29 romi’ad maro’ i kamaro’an no congtong, toroen nigra ci Apotola malakakeridan no sifo.

Itiya i 2009 miheca yo maala malacongtong no Amilika ci Opama mahapinang ningra ko caay ko mamalowid kona lalood, sa milekal miliyas ko sofitay no Amirika i 2014 miheca,i 2015 miheca tolo a ofad ko miliyasay sofitay no Amirika. 2020 miheca saka 2 folad saka 29 romi’ad masasowal ko Amirika ato Talipan i tatapangay niyaro’ Toha no Kata, makakaketon to sowal:ikor no 14 a folad ha’emin sato a miliyas to Afohan ko sofitay no Amirika, palaheci han to kona 18 a miheca ko kakaya’ a kalalood.[4] 2021 miheca namalacongtong no Amirika ci Payten, tangsol sa amilekal tona aniniay miheca saka 9 folad lahecien no sofitay a miliyas ko Afohan.

## Pihapinangan Tilid (註腳)

[1] 布魯塞爾舉行阿富汗國際捐助峰會. 法廣. 2016-10-05 [2016-10-11].

[2] Vogelsang, Willem. The Afghans. Wiley Blackwell. 2002: 18 [6 July 2019]. ISBN 0-631-19841- 5. （原始內容存檔於9 July 2019）.

[3] 見《新元史》卷一百零三（列傳第七）。除《新元史》本紀無「成吉思可汗」這個稱呼。但在蒙兀兒史記常見。

[4] 美軍14個月內撤出阿富汗. 中國時報. 2020-03-01.