Ablative case
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Date: 2021-12-04

Ablative case, by Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2333 / CC BY SA 3.0

#Grammatical_cases
Introduction to the ablative case from a 1903 Latin textbook In grammar, the ablative case （pronounced /ˈæblətɪv/; sometimes abbreviated abl） is a grammatical case for nouns,
pronouns, and adjectives in the grammars of various languages; it is sometimes used to express motion away from something, among other uses.
The word "ablative" derives from the Latin ablatus, the （irregular） perfect, passive participle of auferre "to carry away".
The ablative case is found in several language families, such as Indo-European （e.g., Sanskrit, Latin, Albanian, Armenian）, Turkic （e.g., Turkish, Turkmen, Azerbaijani, Uzbek, Kazakh, Kyrgyz）, and Uralic （e.g., Hungarian）.
There is no ablative case in modern Germanic languages such as German and English.
There was an ablative case in the early stages of Ancient Greek, but it quickly fell into disuse by the classical period.
The ablative case in Latin （cāsus ablātīvus） appears in various grammatical constructions, including following various prepositions, in an ablative absolute clause, and adverbially.
The Latin ablative case was derived from three Proto-Indo-European cases: ablative （from）, instrumental （with）, and locative （in/at）.
In Ancient Greek, there was an ablative case αφαιρετική afairetikē which was used in the Homeric, pre-Mycenaean, and Mycenean periods.
It fell into disuse during the classical period and thereafter with some of its functions taken by the genitive and others by the dative; the genitive had functions belonging to the Proto-Indo-European genitive and ablative cases.
The genitive case with the prepositions ἀπό apó "away from" and ἐκ/ἐξ ek/ex "out of" is an example.
German does not have an ablative case but, exceptionally, Latin ablative case-forms were used from the seventeenth to the nineteenth century after some prepositions, for example after von in von dem Nomine: ablative of the Latin loanword Nomen.
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