Cold seep | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-05-05

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cold_seep


00:01:03 1 Types
00:01:40 2 Formation and ecological succession
00:02:52 2.1 Chemosynthetic communities
00:05:20 2.2 Comparison with other communities
00:07:23 2.3 End of cold seep community
00:08:20 3 Distribution
00:10:38 3.1 In the Gulf of Mexico
00:10:48 3.1.1 Discoveries
00:13:57 3.1.2 Distribution
00:21:32 3.1.3 Stability
00:24:37 3.1.4 Biology
00:31:58 3.2 In the Atlantic Ocean
00:36:28 3.3 In the Mediterranean
00:41:37 3.4 In the West Pacific
00:42:07 3.4.1 Japan
00:44:22 3.4.2 New Zealand
00:45:20 3.5 In the East Pacific
00:48:11 3.6 In the Antarctic
00:48:50 4 Detection
00:50:39 5 Fossilized records
00:51:14 6 Environmental Impacts
00:54:03 7 See also



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SUMMARY
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A cold seep (sometimes called a cold vent) is an area of the ocean floor where hydrogen sulfide, methane and other hydrocarbon-rich fluid seepage occurs, often in the form of a brine pool. Cold does not mean that the temperature of the seepage is lower than that of the surrounding sea water. On the contrary, its temperature is often slightly higher. The "cold" is relative to the very warm (at least 60 °C or 140 °F) conditions of a hydrothermal vent. Cold seeps constitute a biome supporting several endemic species.
Cold seeps develop unique topography over time, where reactions between methane and seawater create carbonate rock formations and reefs. These reactions may also be dependent on bacterial activity. Ikaite, a hydrous calcium carbonate, can be associated with oxidizing methane at cold seeps.