Effective population size | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-05-06

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Effective_population_size


00:01:57 1 Overview: Types of effective population size
00:03:41 1.1 Empirical measurements
00:05:11 2 Variance effective size
00:07:42 2.1 Theoretical examples
00:08:09 2.1.1 Variations in population size
00:09:03 2.1.2 Dioeciousness
00:09:39 2.1.3 Variance in reproductive success
00:11:12 2.1.4 Non-Fisherian sex-ratios
00:13:11 3 Inbreeding effective size
00:13:23 3.1 Theoretical example: overlapping generations and age-structured populations
00:14:37 3.1.1 Haploid
00:18:31 3.1.2 Diploid
00:18:54 4 Coalescent effective size
00:21:30 5 Selection effective size
00:24:17 6 See also
00:25:45 7 References
00:26:34 8 External links



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SUMMARY
=======
The effective population size is the number of individuals that an idealised population would need to have in order for some specified quantity of interest to be the same in the idealised population as in the real population. Idealised populations are based on unrealistic but convenient simplifications such as random mating, simultaneous birth of each new generation, constant population size, and equal numbers of children per parent. In some simple scenarios, the effective population size is the number of breeding individuals in the population. However, for most quantities of interest and most real populations, the census population size N of a real population is usually larger than the effective population size Ne. The same population may have multiple effective population sizes, for different properties of interest, including for different genetic loci.
The effective population size is most commonly measured with respect to the coalescence time. In an idealised diploid population with no selection at any locus, the expectation of the coalescence time in generations is equal to twice the census population size. The effective population size is measured as within-species genetic diversity divided by four times the mutation rate, because in such an idealised population, the heterozygosity is equal to  
  
    
      
        4
        N
        μ
      
    
    {\displaystyle 4N\mu }
  . In a population with selection at many loci and abundant linkage disequilibrium, the coalescent effective population size may not reflect the census population size at all, or may reflect its logarithm.
The concept of effective population size was introduced in the field of population genetics in 1931 by the American geneticist Sewall Wright.