Organized crime | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2018-12-06

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Organized crime


00:02:40 1 Models
00:02:49 1.1 Organizational
00:02:57 1.1.1 Patron-client networks
00:04:05 1.1.2 Bureaucratic/corporate operations
00:05:39 1.1.3 Youth and street gangs
00:10:33 1.2 Individual difference
00:10:41 1.2.1 Entrepreneurial
00:12:24 1.3 Multimodel approach
00:13:42 2 Typical activities
00:16:09 2.1 Violence
00:16:18 2.1.1 Assault
00:17:39 2.1.2 Murder
00:18:44 2.1.3 Terrorism
00:20:37 2.1.4 Other
00:20:55 2.2 Financial crime
00:24:21 2.2.1 Counterfeiting
00:25:11 2.2.2 Tax evasion
00:26:24 2.3 Cybercrime
00:26:33 2.3.1 Internet fraud
00:27:52 2.3.2 Copyright infringement
00:29:03 2.3.3 Cyberwarfare
00:31:07 2.3.4 Computer viruses
00:32:49 2.4 White-collar crime and corruption
00:32:58 2.4.1 Corporate crime
00:33:36 2.4.2 Labor racketeering
00:34:05 2.4.3 Political corruption
00:35:32 2.5 Drug trafficking
00:36:02 2.6 Human trafficking
00:36:10 2.6.1 Sex trafficking
00:37:25 2.6.2 Illegal immigration and people smuggling
00:38:46 2.6.3 Contemporary slavery and forced labor
00:39:21 3 Historical origins
00:39:31 3.1 Pre-nineteenth century
00:41:24 3.2 Nineteenth century
00:42:42 3.3 Twentieth century
00:45:12 3.3.1 The "disorganized crime" and choice theses
00:48:12 3.3.2 International governance approach
00:52:55 3.3.3 The locus of power and organized crime
00:59:06 4 Theoretical background
00:59:15 4.1 Criminal psychology
00:59:24 4.1.1 Rational choice
01:00:05 4.1.2 Deterrence
01:00:54 4.1.3 Social learning
01:01:59 4.1.4 Enterprise
01:03:02 4.1.5 Differential association
01:04:12 4.2 Critical criminology and sociology
01:04:22 4.2.1 Social disorganization
01:05:41 4.2.2 Anomie
01:06:54 4.2.3 Cultural deviance
01:07:40 4.2.4 Alien conspiracy/queer ladder of mobility
01:09:36 5 Legislative frameworks and policing measures
01:11:06 6 By nation



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SUMMARY
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Organized crime is a category of transnational, national, or local groupings of highly centralized enterprises run by criminals who intend to engage in illegal activity, most commonly for money and profit. Some criminal organizations, such as terrorist groups, are politically motivated. Sometimes criminal organizations force people to do business with them, such as when a gang extorts money from shopkeepers for "protection". Gangs may become disciplined enough to be considered organized. A criminal organization or gang can also be referred to as a mafia, mob, or crime syndicate; the network, subculture and community of criminals may be referred to as the underworld. European sociologists (e.g. Diego Gambetta) define the mafia as a type of organized crime group that specializes in the supply of extra-legal protection and quasi law enforcement. Gambetta's classic work on the Sicilian Mafia generates an economic study of the mafia, which exerts great influence on studies of the Russian Mafia, the Chinese Mafia, Hong Kong Triads and the Japanese Yakuza.Other organizations—including states, militaries, police forces, and corporations—may sometimes use organized-crime methods to conduct their activities, but their powers derive from their status as formal social institutions. There is a tendency to distinguish organized crime from other forms of crime, such as white-collar crime, financial crimes, political crimes, war crime, state crimes, and treason. This distinction is not always apparent and academics continue to debate the matter. For example, in failed states that can no longer perform basic functions such as education, security, or governance (usually due to fractious violence or to extreme poverty), organized crime, governance and war sometimes complement each other. The term "Oligarchy" has been used to describe democratic countries whose political, social and economic institutions come under the control of a few families and business oligarchs.In the United States, the Organized Crime Control Act (1970) defines organized crime as "[t]he unlawful activities of [...] a highly organized, disciplined a ...