Dalit | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2018-12-15

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Dalit


00:03:43 1 Etymology and usage
00:06:09 1.1 Other terms
00:06:18 1.1.1 Official term
00:07:35 1.1.2 Harijan
00:08:28 1.1.3 Regional terms
00:09:23 2 Demographics
00:10:19 3 Social status
00:11:08 3.1 History
00:14:50 4 Economic status
00:16:13 5 Discrimination
00:16:22 5.1 Education
00:17:33 5.2 Healthcare and nutrition
00:18:18 5.3 Crime
00:20:33 5.4 Prevention of Atrocities Act
00:23:08 5.5 Segregation
00:25:38 5.6 Traditions, rituals and customs
00:26:30 6 Religion
00:26:55 6.1 Hinduism
00:27:04 6.1.1 History
00:28:39 6.1.2 Reform movements
00:30:59 6.2 Buddhism
00:32:17 6.3 Sikhism
00:33:45 6.3.1 Talhan Gurdwara conflict
00:35:18 6.3.2 Attack on Bant Singh
00:36:39 6.4 Jainism
00:37:53 6.5 Christianity
00:38:13 7 Political involvement
00:41:54 7.1 Vote bank
00:42:27 7.2 Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes Sub-Plan
00:43:26 8 Beyond South Asia
00:43:35 8.1 United Kingdom
00:46:32 8.1.1 Sikh diaspora in Britain
00:48:42 8.2 Dalits in the Caribbean
00:49:06 9 Literature
00:50:32 10 Dalits in the film industry
00:51:47 11 Internal conflicts
00:53:14 12 Notable people
00:53:23 13 See also



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SUMMARY
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Dalit, meaning "broken/scattered" in Sanskrit and Hindi, is a term mostly used for the  ethnic groups in India who are the original inhabitants of India but have been kept depressed by subjecting them to untouchability (often termed backward castes). Dalits were excluded from the four-fold varna system of Hinduism and were seen as forming a fifth varna, also known by the name of Panchama. Dalits now profess various religious beliefs, including Buddhism, Christianity and Sikhism. As per the latest census, they comprise 16% of India's population (200 million people), including Hindu Dalits and Christian Dalits.The term dalits was in use as a translation for the British Raj census classification of Depressed Classes prior to 1935. It was popularised by the economist and reformer B. R. Ambedkar (1891–1956), who included all depressed people irrespective of their caste into the definition of dalits. Hence the first group he made was called the "Labour Party" and included as its members all people of the society who were kept depressed, including women, small scale farmers and people from backward castes. New leaders like Kanhaiya Kumar subscribe to this definition of "dalits", thus a Brahmin marginal farmer trying to eke out a living, but unable to do so also falls in the "dalit" category. Ambedkar himself was a Mahad, and in the 1970s the use of the word "dalit" was invigorated when it was adopted by the Dalit Panthers activist group. Gradually, political parties used it to gain mileage. 
India's National Commission for Scheduled Castes considers official use of dalit as a label to be "unconstitutional" because modern legislation prefers Scheduled Castes; however, some sources say that Dalit has encompassed more communities than the official term of Scheduled Castes and is sometimes used to refer to all of India's oppressed peoples. A similar all-encompassing situation prevails in Nepal.
Scheduled Caste communities exist across India, although they are mostly concentrated in four states; they do not share a single language or religion. They comprise 16.6 per cent of India's population, according to the 2011 Census of India. Similar communities are found throughout the rest of South Asia, in Nepal, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka, and are part of the global Indian diaspora.
In 1932, the British Raj recommended separate electorates to select leaders for Dalits in the Communal Award. This was favoured by Ambedkar but when Mahatma Gandhi opposed the proposal it resulted in the Poona Pact. That in turn influenced the Government of India Act, 1935, which introduced the reservation of seats for the Depressed Classes, now renamed as Scheduled Castes.
From soon after its independence in 1947, India introduced a reservation system to enhance the ability of Dalits to have political represent ...