Panama | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2018-12-07

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Panama


00:01:53 1 Etymology
00:03:54 2 History
00:04:17 2.1 Pre-Columbian period
00:06:24 2.2 Conquest to 1799
00:12:26 2.2.1 1800s
00:14:42 2.3 Post-colonial Panama
00:18:52 2.3.1 Post-1970
00:24:37 2.3.2 US invasion (1989)
00:27:21 2.4 Post-intervention era
00:30:56 3 Geography
00:33:06 3.1 Waterways
00:34:29 3.2 Harbors
00:36:39 3.3 Climate
00:39:00 4 Politics
00:40:09 4.1 Political culture
00:40:56 4.2 Foreign relations
00:41:24 4.3 Military
00:41:55 4.4 Administrative divisions
00:42:34 5 Economy
00:43:55 5.1 Economic sectors
00:45:03 5.2 Panama as an IFC
00:46:41 5.3 Transportation
00:47:53 5.4 Tourism
00:49:53 5.5 Currency
00:51:03 5.6 International trade
00:52:24 6 Society
00:52:33 6.1 Demographics
00:53:19 6.2 Ethnic groups
00:54:58 6.3 Languages
00:55:45 6.4 Largest cities
00:56:03 6.5 Religion
00:57:07 6.6 Education
00:58:45 7 Culture
00:59:34 7.1 Handicraft
01:00:33 7.2 Holidays and festivities
01:01:14 7.3 Traditional cuisine
01:02:30 7.4 Traditional clothing
01:04:45 7.5 Literature
01:05:03 7.6 Sports
01:08:29 8 See also



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SUMMARY
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Panama ( (listen) PAN-ə-mah; Spanish: Panamá [panaˈma]), officially the Republic of Panama (Spanish: República de Panamá), is a country in Central America, bordered by Costa Rica to the west, Colombia to the southeast, the Caribbean Sea to the north and the Pacific Ocean to the south. The capital and largest city is Panama City, whose metropolitan area is home to nearly half the country's 4 million people.Panama was inhabited by indigenous tribes before Spanish colonists arrived in the 16th century. It broke away from Spain in 1821 and joined the Republic of Gran Colombia, a union of Nueva Granada, Ecuador, and Venezuela. After Gran Colombia dissolved in 1831, Panama and Nueva Granada eventually became the Republic of Colombia. With the backing of the United States, Panama seceded from Colombia in 1903, allowing the construction of the Panama Canal to be completed by the US Army Corps of Engineers between 1904 and 1914. The 1977 Torrijos–Carter Treaties led to the transfer of the Canal from the United States to Panama on December 31, 1999.Revenue from canal tolls continues to represent a significant portion of Panama's GDP, although commerce, banking, and tourism are major and growing sectors. In 2015 Panama ranked 60th in the world in terms of the Human Development Index. Since 2010, Panama has been the second-most competitive economy in Latin America, according to the World Economic Forum's Global Competitiveness Index. Covering around 40 percent of its land area, Panama's jungles are home to an abundance of tropical plants and animals – some of them found nowhere else on the planet. Panama is a founding member of the United Nations and other international organizations such as OAS, LAIA, G77, WHO and NAM.