Dead zone (ecology) | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-06-23

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dead_zone_(ecology)


00:01:14 1 Causes
00:05:07 2 Types
00:05:43 3 Effects
00:08:14 4 Locations
00:08:54 4.1 Baltic Sea
00:09:29 4.2 Chesapeake Bay
00:10:31 4.3 Elizabeth River, Virginia
00:11:20 4.4 Lake Erie
00:12:02 4.5 Lower St. Lawrence Estuary
00:12:30 4.6 Oregon
00:13:09 4.7 Gulf of Mexico 'dead zone'
00:15:44 4.7.1 Size
00:17:36 4.7.2 Economic impact
00:18:28 4.7.3 History
00:19:21 5 Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007
00:21:07 6 Reversal
00:22:12 7 See also



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SUMMARY
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Dead zones are hypoxic (low-oxygen) areas in the world's oceans and large lakes, caused by "excessive nutrient pollution from human activities coupled with other factors that deplete the oxygen required to support most marine life in bottom and near-bottom water. (NOAA)". Historically, many of these sites were naturally occurring.  However, in the 1970s, oceanographers began noting increased instances and expanses of dead zones. These occur near inhabited coastlines, where aquatic life is most concentrated. (The vast middle portions of the oceans, which naturally have little life, are not considered "dead zones".)

In March 2004, when the recently established UN Environment Programme published its first Global Environment Outlook Year Book (GEO Year Book 2003), it reported 146 dead zones in the world's oceans where marine life could not be supported due to depleted oxygen levels. Some of these were as small as a square kilometre (0.4 mi²), but the largest dead zone covered 70,000 square kilometres (27,000 mi²). A 2008 study counted 405 dead zones worldwide.