World Columbian Exposition | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-06-14

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World%27s_Columbian_Exposition


00:03:24 1 Planning and organization
00:08:53 2 Description
00:10:41 3 Attractions
00:15:07 3.1 Anthropology
00:15:44 3.2 Rail
00:17:12 3.3 Country and state exhibition buildings
00:18:55 3.4 Guns and artillery
00:20:18 3.5 Religions
00:20:59 3.6 Moving walkway
00:21:25 3.7 Horticulture
00:21:43 4 Architecture
00:21:52 4.1 White City
00:24:15 4.2 Role in the City Beautiful Movement
00:25:41 4.3 Great Buildings
00:27:01 4.4 Transportation Building
00:28:33 4.5 Surviving structures
00:31:30 4.6 Other architecture at the Fair
00:31:40 5 Visitors
00:33:36 6 Souvenirs
00:34:18 7 Assassination and end of fair
00:35:36 8 Electricity at the fair
00:40:18 9 Music at the fair
00:40:28 9.1 Musicians
00:41:26 9.2 Other music and musicians
00:44:26 10 Art at the fair
00:44:36 10.1 American artists exhibiting
00:44:46 10.1.1 Painters
00:44:55 10.1.2 Sculptors
00:45:05 10.2 Women artists exhibiting
00:46:06 11 Women artists at the Woman's Building
00:46:17 12 Notable firsts at the fair
00:47:04 12.1 Concepts
00:47:32 12.2 Commemorations
00:48:39 12.3 Edibles and potables
00:49:37 12.4 Inventions and manufacturing advances
00:49:58 12.5 Organizations
00:50:22 12.6 Performances
00:53:15 13 Later years
00:54:17 14 See also
00:56:34 14.1 Media about the fair
00:56:46 15 References and notes
00:56:56 16 Further reading



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SUMMARY
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The World's Columbian Exposition (the official shortened name for the World's Fair: Columbian Exposition, also known as the Chicago World's Fair and Chicago Columbian Exposition) was a world's fair held in Chicago in 1893 to celebrate the 400th anniversary of Christopher Columbus's arrival in the New World in 1492. The centerpiece of the Fair, the large water pool, represented the long voyage Columbus took to the New World. Chicago bested New York City, Washington, D.C., and St. Louis for the honor of hosting the fair. The Exposition was an influential social and cultural event and had a profound effect on architecture, sanitation, the arts, Chicago's self-image,  and American industrial optimism.
The layout of the Chicago Columbian Exposition was, in large part, designed by John Wellborn Root, Daniel Burnham, Frederick Law Olmsted and Charles B. Atwood. It was the prototype of what Burnham and his colleagues thought a city should be. It was designed to follow Beaux Arts principles of design, namely French neoclassical architecture principles based on symmetry, balance, and splendor. The color of the material generally used to cover the buildings façades gave the fairgrounds its nickname, the White City.  Many prominent architects designed its 14 "great buildings". Artists and musicians were featured in exhibits and many also made depictions and works of art inspired by the exposition.
The exposition covered 690 acres (2.8 km2), featuring nearly 200 new (but deliberately temporary) buildings of predominantly neoclassical architecture, canals and lagoons, and people and cultures from 46 countries. More than 27 million people attended the exposition during its six-month run.  Its scale and grandeur far exceeded the other world's fairs, and it became a symbol of the emerging American Exceptionalism, much in the same way that the Great Exhibition became a symbol of the Victorian era United Kingdom.
Dedication ceremonies for the fair were held on October 21, 1892, but the fairgrounds were not actually opened to the public until May 1, 1893. The fair continued until October 30, 1893.  In addition to recognizing the 400th anniversary of the discovery of the New World by Europeans, the fair also served to show the world that Chicago had risen from the ashes of the Great Chicago Fire, which had destroyed much of the city in 1871.On October 9, 1893, the day designated as ...