Jerusalem | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2018-12-14

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Jerusalem


00:04:36 1 Names: history and etymology
00:04:47 1.1 Ancient Egyptian sources
00:05:14 1.2 Etymology
00:06:25 1.3 Hebrew Bible and Jewish sources
00:07:00 1.4 Oldest inscriptions
00:07:38 1.5 Jebus, Zion, City of David
00:08:22 1.6 Greek, Roman and Byzantine names
00:08:45 1.7 Salem
00:09:37 1.8 Arabic names
00:10:22 2 History
00:11:29 2.1 Overview of Jerusalem's historical periods
00:11:40 2.2 Age
00:13:37 2.3 Prehistory
00:14:07 2.4 Ancient period
00:16:30 2.4.1 Biblical account
00:18:06 2.5 Classical antiquity
00:24:17 2.6 Middle Ages
00:30:11 2.7 Ottoman rule (16th–19th centuries)
00:34:19 2.8 British Mandate (1917–1948)
00:36:16 2.9 Divided city: Jordanian and Israeli rule (1948–1967)
00:41:19 2.10 Israeli rule (1967–present)
00:45:19 3 Political status
00:47:37 3.1 International status
00:48:35 3.2 Status under Israeli rule
00:51:10 3.3 Jerusalem as capital of Israel
00:54:59 3.3.1 Government precinct and national institutions
00:55:53 3.4 Jerusalem as capital of Palestine
00:57:10 4 Municipal administration
00:58:53 5 Geography
01:01:06 5.1 Climate
01:03:14 6 Demographics
01:03:23 6.1 Demographic history
01:04:25 6.2 Current demographics
01:11:27 6.3 Urban planning issues
01:12:35 7 Religious significance
01:15:50 8 Economy
01:19:37 8.1 High-rise construction
01:21:42 9 Transportation
01:24:08 10 Education
01:28:22 11 Culture
01:34:13 11.1 Media
01:34:53 11.2 Sports
01:36:49 12 Twin towns and sister cities
01:37:10 13 See also



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SUMMARY
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Jerusalem (; Hebrew: יְרוּשָׁלַיִם‬ Yerushaláyim; Arabic: القُدس‎ al-Quds) is a city in the Middle East, located on a plateau in the Judaean Mountains between the Mediterranean and the Dead Sea. It is one of the oldest cities in the world, and is considered holy to the three major Abrahamic religions—Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. Both Israel and the Palestinian Authority claim Jerusalem as their capital, as Israel maintains its primary governmental institutions there and the State of Palestine ultimately foresees it as its seat of power; however, neither claim is widely recognized internationally.During its long history, Jerusalem has been destroyed at least twice, besieged 23 times, attacked 52 times, and captured and recaptured 44 times. The part of Jerusalem called the City of David was settled in the 4th millennium BCE. Jerusalem was named as "Urusalim" on ancient Egyptian tablets, probably meaning "City of Shalem" after a Canaanite deity, during the Canaanite period (14th century BCE). During the Israelite period, significant construction activity in Jerusalem began in the 9th century BCE (Iron Age II), and in the 8th century the city developed into the religious and administrative center of the Kingdom of Judah. In 1538, the city walls were rebuilt for a last time around Jerusalem under Suleiman the Magnificent. Today those walls define the Old City, which has been traditionally divided into four quarters—known since the early 19th century as the Armenian, Christian, Jewish, and Muslim Quarters. The Old City became a World Heritage Site in 1981, and is on the List of World Heritage in Danger. Since 1860 Jerusalem has grown far beyond the Old City's boundaries. In 2015, Jerusalem had a population of some 850,000 residents, comprising approximately 200,000 secular Jewish Israelis, 350,000 Haredi Jews and 300,000 Palestinians. In 2011, the population numbered 801,000, of which Jews comprised 497,000 (62%), Muslims 281,000 (35%), Christians 14,000 (around 2%) and 9,000 (1%) were not classified by religion.According to the Bible, King David conquered the city from the Jebusites and established it as the capital of the united kingdom of Israel, and his son, King Solomon, commissioned the building of the First Temple. These foundational events, straddling the dawn of the 1st millennium BCE, assumed central symbolic importance for the Jewish people. The sobriquet of holy city (עיר הקודש,  ...