Level sensor | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-10-04

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Level_sensor


00:02:08 1 Point and continuous level detection for solids
00:02:38 1.1 Vibrating point
00:04:04 1.2 Rotating paddle
00:05:15 1.3 Admittance-type
00:05:53 2 Point level detection of liquids
00:06:27 2.1 Magnetic and mechanical float
00:09:38 2.2 Pneumatic
00:10:48 2.3 Conductive
00:13:29 2.4 State dependent frequency monitor
00:15:09 3 Sensors for both point level detection or continuous monitoring
00:15:22 3.1 Ultrasonic
00:18:35 3.2 Capacitance
00:21:28 3.3 Optical interface
00:23:05 3.4 Microwave
00:28:15 4 Continuous level measurement of liquids
00:28:26 4.1 Magnetostrictive
00:30:17 4.2 Resistive chain
00:31:28 4.3 Magnetoresistive
00:32:54 4.4 Hydrostatic pressure
00:35:00 4.5 Air bubbler
00:36:38 4.6 Gamma ray
00:37:34 5 See also



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SUMMARY
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Level sensors detect the level of liquids and other fluids and fluidized solids, including slurries, granular materials, and powders that exhibit an upper free surface. Substances that flow become essentially horizontal in their containers (or other physical boundaries) because of gravity whereas most bulk solids pile at an angle of repose to a peak. The substance to be measured can be inside a container or can be in its natural form (e.g., a river or a lake). The level measurement can be either continuous or point values. Continuous level sensors measure level within a specified range and determine the exact amount of substance in a certain place, while point-level sensors only indicate whether the substance is above or below the sensing point. Generally the latter detect levels that are excessively high or low.
There are many physical and application variables that affect the selection of the optimal level monitoring method for industrial and commercial processes. The selection criteria include the physical: phase (liquid, solid or slurry), temperature, pressure or vacuum, chemistry, dielectric constant of medium, density (specific gravity) of medium, agitation (action), acoustical or electrical noise, vibration, mechanical shock, tank or bin size and shape. Also important are the application constraints: price, accuracy, appearance, response rate, ease of calibration or programming, physical size and mounting of the instrument, monitoring or control of continuous or discrete (point) levels.
In short, level sensors are one of the very important sensors and play very important role in a variety of consumer/ industrial applications. As with other types of sensors, level sensors are available or can be designed using a variety of sensing principles. Selection of an appropriate type of sensor suiting to the application requirement is very important.