Interstellar spaceflight | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 02/05/2019

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interstellar_travel


00:02:48 1 Challenges
00:02:57 1.1 Interstellar distances
00:05:35 1.2 Required energy
00:07:53 1.3 Interstellar medium
00:09:15 1.4 Hazards
00:09:56 1.5 Wait calculation
00:11:09 2 Prime targets for interstellar travel
00:11:46 3 Proposed methods
00:11:56 3.1 Slow, uncrewed probes
00:12:55 3.2 Fast, uncrewed probes
00:13:05 3.2.1 Nanoprobes
00:15:01 3.3 Slow, manned missions
00:15:31 3.3.1 Generation ships
00:16:07 3.3.2 Suspended animation
00:16:38 3.3.3 Frozen embryos
00:17:17 3.4 Island hopping through interstellar space
00:17:52 3.5 Fast missions
00:18:30 3.5.1 Time dilation
00:21:18 3.5.2 Constant acceleration
00:23:32 4 Propulsion
00:23:41 4.1 Rocket concepts
00:24:42 4.1.1 Ion engine
00:25:54 4.1.2 Nuclear fission powered
00:26:03 4.1.2.1 Fission-electric
00:27:06 4.1.2.2 Fission-fragment
00:27:59 4.1.2.3 Nuclear pulse
00:32:05 4.1.3 Nuclear fusion rockets
00:34:17 4.1.4 Antimatter rockets
00:36:53 4.1.5 Rockets with an external energy source
00:37:30 4.2 Non-rocket concepts
00:37:57 4.2.1 Interstellar ramjets
00:39:12 4.2.2 Beamed propulsion
00:41:08 4.2.2.1 Interstellar travel catalog to use photogravitational assists for a full stop
00:42:06 4.2.3 Pre-accelerated fuel
00:42:44 4.3 Theoretical concepts
00:42:54 4.3.1 Faster-than-light travel
00:43:46 4.3.1.1 Alcubierre drive
00:44:30 4.3.1.2 Artificial black hole
00:45:36 4.3.1.3 Wormholes
00:46:33 5 Designs and studies
00:46:42 5.1 Enzmann starship
00:47:32 5.2 Project Hyperion
00:47:48 5.3 NASA research
00:49:36 5.4 100 Year Starship study
00:50:46 5.5 Other designs
00:51:58 6 Non-profit organizations
00:52:50 7 Feasibility
00:54:59 7.1 Interstellar missions not for human benefit
00:56:30 8 Discovery of Earth-Like planets
00:57:30 9 See also



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SUMMARY
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Interstellar travel is the term used for crewed or uncrewed travel between stars or planetary systems. Interstellar travel will be much more difficult than interplanetary spaceflight; the distances between the planets in the Solar System are less than 30 astronomical units (AU)—whereas the distances between stars are typically hundreds of thousands of AU, and usually expressed in light-years. Because of the vastness of those distances, interstellar travel would require a high percentage of the speed of light; huge travel time, lasting from decades to millennia or longer. 
The speeds required for interstellar travel in a human lifetime far exceed what current methods of spacecraft propulsion can provide. Even with a hypothetically perfectly efficient propulsion system, the kinetic energy corresponding to those speeds is enormous by today's standards of energy development. Moreover, collisions by the spacecraft with cosmic dust and gas can produce very dangerous effects both to passengers and the spacecraft itself.
A number of strategies have been proposed to deal with these problems, ranging from giant arks that would carry entire societies and ecosystems, to microscopic space probes. Many different spacecraft propulsion systems have been proposed to give spacecraft the required speeds, including nuclear propulsion, beam-powered propulsion, and methods based on speculative physics.For both crewed and uncrewed interstellar travel, considerable technological and economic challenges need to be met. Even the most optimistic views about interstellar travel see it as only being feasible decades from now. However, in spite of the challenges, if or when interstellar travel is realised, a wide range of scientific benefits is expected.Most interstellar travel concepts require a developed space logistics system capable of moving millions of tons to a construction / operating location, and most would require gigawatt-scale power for construction or power (such as Star Wisp or Lig ...