Peter Paul Rubens | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 02/12/2018

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Peter Paul Rubens


00:01:56 1 Biography
00:02:05 1.1 Early life
00:03:19 1.2 Apprenticeship
00:04:05 1.3 Italy (1600–1608)
00:07:38 1.4 Antwerp (1609–1621)
00:11:21 1.5 Marie de' Medici Cycle and diplomatic missions (1621–1630)
00:14:31 1.6 Last decade (1630–1640)
00:16:07 1.7 Death
00:17:56 1.8 Descendants
00:19:05 2 Art
00:21:35 2.1 Workshop
00:22:17 3 Selected works
00:22:46 4 Lost works
00:26:01 5 Art market
00:26:44 6 Selected exhibitions
00:27:24 7 Notes
00:27:33 8 Sources
00:29:40 9 Further reading
00:31:58 10 External links



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SUMMARY
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Sir Peter Paul Rubens (; Dutch: [ˈrybə(n)s]; 28 June 1577 – 30 May 1640) was a Flemish artist. He is considered the most influential artist of Flemish Baroque tradition. Rubens' highly charged compositions reference erudite aspects of classical and Christian history. His unique and immensely popular Baroque style emphasized movement, color, and sensuality, which followed the immediate, dramatic artistic style promoted in the Counter-Reformation. Rubens specialized in making altarpieces, portraits, landscapes, and history paintings of mythological and allegorical subjects.
In addition to running a large studio in Antwerp that produced paintings popular with nobility and art collectors throughout Europe, Rubens was a classically educated humanist scholar and diplomat who was knighted by both Philip IV of Spain and Charles I of England. Rubens was a prolific artist. The catalogue of his works by Michael Jaffé lists 1,403 pieces, excluding numerous copies made in his workshop.His commissioned works were mostly "history paintings", which included religious and mythological subjects, and hunt scenes. He painted portraits, especially of friends, and self-portraits, and in later life painted several landscapes. Rubens designed tapestries and prints, as well as his own house. He also oversaw the ephemeral decorations of the royal entry into Antwerp by the Cardinal-Infante Ferdinand of Austria in 1635.
His drawings are predominantly very forceful and without great detail. He also made great use of oil sketches as preparatory studies.  He was one of the last major artists to make consistent use of wooden panels as a support medium, even for very large works, but he used canvas as well, especially when the work needed to be sent a long distance. For altarpieces he sometimes painted on slate to reduce reflection problems.