Combined cycle | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-10-02

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combined_cycle_power_plant


00:03:12 1 Basic combined cycle
00:04:28 1.1 Steam generators
00:04:59 2 Design principles
00:07:11 2.1 Typical size of CCGT plants
00:08:53 2.2 Unfired boiler
00:09:41 2.3 Dual pressure boiler
00:10:45 2.4 Supplementary firing
00:13:55 3 Fuel for combined cycle power plants
00:15:19 3.1 Low-grade fuel for turbines
00:16:32 4 Configuration
00:21:02 5 Efficiency of CCGT plants
00:25:18 5.1 Difference between HHV and LHV
00:27:31 5.2 Boosting efficiency
00:28:31 6 Natural gas integrated power and syngas (hydrogen) generation cycle
00:29:27 7 Integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC)
00:32:25 8 Integrated solar combined cycle (ISCC)
00:33:08 9 Bottoming cycles
00:35:12 10 Historical cycles
00:36:24 11 See also
00:36:51 12 References



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SUMMARY
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In electric power generation a combined cycle power plant is an assembly of heat engines that work in tandem from the same source of heat, converting it into mechanical energy to drive electrical generators. The principle is that after completing its cycle (in the first engine), the temperature of the working fluid in the system is still high enough that a second subsequent heat engine extracts energy from the heat that the first engine produced. By generating electricity from multiple streams of work, the overall net efficiency of the system may be increased by 50–60%. That is, from an overall efficiency of say 34% (simple cycle), to possibly an overall efficiency of 62% (combined cycle), 84% of theoretical efficiency (Carnot cycle)
This can be done because heat engines are only able to use a portion of the energy their fuel generates (usually less than 50%). In an ordinary (non-combined cycle) heat engine the remaining heat (i.e., hot exhaust gas) from combustion is wasted.
Combining two or more thermodynamic cycles results in improved overall efficiency, reducing fuel costs. In stationary power plants, a widely used combination is a gas turbine (operating by the Brayton cycle) burning natural gas or synthesis gas from coal, whose hot exhaust powers a steam power plant (operating by the Rankine cycle). This is called a Combined Cycle Gas Turbine (CCGT) plant, and can achieve a best-of-class real (HHV - see below) thermal efficiency of around 62% in base-load operation, in contrast to a single cycle steam power plant which is limited to efficiencies of around 35–42%. Many new gas power plants in North America and Europe are of the Combined Cycle Gas Turbine type. Such an arrangement is also used for marine propulsion, and is called a combined gas and steam (COGAS) plant. Multiple stage turbine or steam cycles are also common. CCGT plants have advantages in that the first gas turbine cycle can often be brought online very quickly which gives immediate power, obviating the need for separate expensive peaker plants, and over time the second cycle will start which will improve fuel efficiency and provide further power.
In November 2013, the Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE assessed the levelised generation costs for newly built power plants in the German electricity sector. They gave costs of between 78 and 100 €/MWh for CCGT plants powered by natural gas. In addition the capital costs of combined cycle power is relatively low, at around $1000/kW, making it one of the cheapest types of generation to install.