Music Punjabi - Ringtone [With Free Download Link]
Channel: Minim Ringtones
Date: 2017-09-30

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The Punjabis (Punjabi (Shahmukhi): پنجابی, Punjabi (Gurmukhi): ਪੰਜਾਬੀ) or the Punjabi people, are an Indo-Aryan ethnolinguistic group associated with the Punjab region in South Asia, specifically in the northern part of the Indian subcontinent presently divided between Pakistani Punjab and Indian Punjab. They speak Punjabi, a language from the Indo-Aryan language family.[20] The term Punjab means the five waters from Persian: panj ("five") and āb ("waters").[21] The name of the region was introduced by the Turko-Persian conquerors[22] of the Indian subcontinent.

The historical Punjab region (see Partition of Punjab for important historical context) is often referred to as the breadbasket in both India and Pakistan.[23][24] The coalescence of the various tribes, castes and the inhabitants of the Punjab region into a broader common "Punjabi" identity initiated from the onset of the 18th century CE. Prior to that the sense and perception of a common "Punjabi" ethno-cultural identity and community did not exist, even though the majority of the various communities of the Punjab region had long shared linguistic, cultural and racial commonalities.[25][26][27]

Traditionally, Punjabi identity is primarily linguistic, geographical and cultural. Its identity is independent of historical origin or religion and refers to those who reside in the Punjab region or associate with its population and those who consider the Punjabi language their mother tongue.[28] Integration and assimilation are important parts of Punjabi culture, since Punjabi identity is not based solely on tribal connections. More or less all Punjabis share the same cultural background.[29][30]

Historically, the Punjabi people were a heterogeneous group and were subdivided into a number of clans called biradari (literally meaning "brotherhood") or tribes, with each person bound to a clan. However, Punjabi identity also included those who did not belong to any of the historical tribes. With the passage of time, tribal structures are coming to an end and are being replaced with a more cohesive[31] and holistic society, as community building and group cohesiveness[32][33] form the new pillars of Punjabi society.[34] In relative contemporary terms, Punjabis can be referred to in four most common subgroups; Punjabi Muslims, Punjabi Hindus, Punjabi Sikhs, and Punjabi Christians. In the 19th century, Maharaja Ranjit Singh established a Punjabi Sikh Empire[36] based around the Punjab. The main geographical footprint of the country was the Punjab region to Khyber Pass in the west, to Kashmir in the north, to Sindh in the south and Tibet in the east. The religious demography of the Kingdom was Muslim (70%), Sikh (17%), Hindu (13%).[37] The population was 3.5 million, according to Amarinder Singh's The Last Sunset: The Rise and Fall of the Lahore Durbar. In 1799 Ranjit Singh moved the capital to Lahore from Gujranwala, where it had been established in 1763 by his grandfather, Charat Singh.[38]

The Punjab region was a region straddling India and the Afghan Durrani Empire. The following modern-day political divisions made up the historical Punjabi kingdom:


Map showing the Punjabi Sikh Empire
Punjab region till Multan in south
Panjab (Punjab), Pakistan, with the capital Lahaur (Lahore)
Parts of Punjab, India
Himachal Pradesh, India
Haryana, India
Jammu, India, annexed 1808 - 17 June 1822
Kashmir, conquered 5 July 1819 – 15 March 1846, India/Pakistan/China[39][40]
Gilgit, Gilgit–Baltistan, Pakistan (occupied from 1842 to 1846)[citation needed]
Ladakh, India
Khyber Pass, Pakistan[41]
Peshawar, Pakistan[42] (taken in 1818, retaken in 1834)
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and the Federally Administered Tribal Areas, Pakistan (documented from Hazara (taken in 1818, again in 1836) to Bannu) After Ranjit Singh's death in 1839, the empire was severely weakened by internal divisions and political mismanagement. This opportunity was used by the East India Company to launch the First and Second Anglo-Sikh Wars. The country was finally annexed and dissolved at the end of the Second Anglo-Sikh War in 1849 into separate princely states and the province of Punjab. Eventually, a Lieutenant Governorship was formed in Lahore as a direct representative of the Crown.

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