Paris in World War II | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-06-13

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris_in_World_War_II


00:03:53 1 Capture
00:13:52 2 Axis occupation
00:17:17 3 Life in occupied Paris
00:17:28 3.1 Civilian population
00:21:50 3.2 Rationing and the Black Market
00:28:06 3.3 Transport
00:29:58 3.4 Culture and the arts
00:34:13 3.5 Arts
00:41:07 4 Antisemitism
00:44:29 5 Collaboration
00:47:36 6 Crime
00:49:42 7 The Resistance
01:01:16 8 Liberation
01:10:40 9 Food Crisis
01:12:31 10 Vengeance and renewal
01:15:28 11 See also



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SUMMARY
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Paris started mobilizing for war in September 1939, when Nazi Germany and their allied Soviet Union, according to the Ribbentrop-Molotov Treaty invaded Poland, but the war seemed far away until May 10, 1940, when the Germans attacked France and quickly defeated the French army. The French government departed Paris on June 10, and the Germans occupied the city on June 14. During the Occupation, the French Government moved to Vichy, and Paris was governed by the German military and by French officials approved by the Germans.For the Parisians, the Occupation was a series of frustrations, shortages and humiliations. A curfew was in effect from nine in the evening until five in the morning; at night, the city went dark. Rationing of food, tobacco, coal and clothing was imposed from September 1940.Every year the supplies grew more scarce and the prices higher. A million Parisians left the city for the provinces, where there was more food and fewer Germans. The French press and radio contained only German propaganda.
Jews in Paris were forced to wear the yellow Star of David badge, and were barred from certain professions and public places. On 16–17 July 1942, 13,152 Jews, including 4,115 children and 5,919 women, were rounded up by the French police, on orders of the Germans, and were sent to the Auschwitz concentration camp.
The first demonstration against the Occupation, by Paris students, took place on 11 November 1940. As the war continued, anti-German clandestine groups and networks were created, some loyal to the French Communist Party, others to General Charles de Gaulle in London. They wrote slogans on walls, organized an underground press, and sometimes attacked German officers. Reprisals by the Germans were swift and harsh.Following the Allied invasion of Normandy on June 6, 1944, the French Resistance in Paris launched an uprising on August 19, 1944, seizing the police headquarters and other government buildings. The city was liberated by French and American troops on August 25, and General Charles de Gaulle led a triumphant parade down the Champs-Élysées on August 26, and organized a new government. In the following months, ten thousand Parisians who had collaborated with the Germans were arrested and tried, eight thousand convicted, and 116 executed. On 29 April and 13 May 1945, the first post-war municipal elections were held, in which French women voted for the first time.