List of human spaceflights, 2000-present | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 02/05/2019

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_human_spaceflights


00:02:38 1 Summary
00:03:02 2 Human spaceflights
00:03:39 2.1 1961-1970
00:04:20 2.2 1971-1980
00:04:30 2.3 1981-1990
00:05:13 2.4 1991-2000
00:05:23 2.5 2001-2010



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SUMMARY
=======
This is a list of all human spaceflights throughout history.  Beginning in 1961 with the flight of Yuri Gagarin aboard Vostok 1, human spaceflight occurs when a human crew flies a spacecraft into outer space.  Human spaceflight is distinguished from spaceflight generally, which entails both crewed and uncrewed spacecraft.
There are two definitions of spaceflight.  The Fédération Aéronautique Internationale (FAI), an international record-keeping body, defines the boundary between Earth's atmosphere and outer space at 100 kilometers above sea level.  This boundary is known as the Kármán line.  Additionally, the United States military awards astronaut wings to qualified personnel who pilot a spaceflight above an altitude of 50 miles (80 km).  Thirteen flights of the North American X-15 met the latter criteria, while only two met the former.  This article is primarily concerned with the former international convention, and also lists flights which only satisfied the latter convention.  Unless otherwise specified, "spaceflight" and related terms only apply to flights which went beyond the Kármán line.
As of the launch of Soyuz MS-12 on 14 March 2019, there have been 325 human spaceflight launch attempts, including three failed attempts which did not cross the Kármán line.  These were the fatal Challenger disaster, and two non-fatal aborted Soyuz missions, T-10a and MS-10.  Another non-fatal aborted Soyuz mission, 18a, nevertheless crossed the Kármán line and therefore qualified as a sub-orbital spaceflight.  Three missions successfully achieved human spaceflight, yet ended as fatal failures as their crews died during the return.  These were Soyuz 1, Soyuz 11, and the Columbia disaster.  Uniquely, Soyuz 34 was launched uncrewed to the Salyut 6 space station, to provide a successful return vehicle for the crew of Soyuz 32.  Including Soyuz 34 gives a total of 326 attempted human spaceflights.  14 flights reached an apogee beyond 50 miles, but failed to go beyond 100 kilometers.