Coral bleaching | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-06-23

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coral_bleaching


00:01:18 1 Causes
00:03:30 2 Triggers
00:04:18 2.1 List of triggers
00:05:46 3 Mass bleaching events
00:08:13 4 Impact
00:09:35 4.1 Pacific Ocean
00:09:44 4.1.1 Great Barrier Reef
00:12:27 4.1.2 Hawaii
00:13:40 4.1.3 Jarvis Island
00:14:06 4.1.4 Japan
00:14:27 4.2 Indian Ocean
00:14:59 4.2.1 Maldives
00:15:16 4.2.2 Thailand
00:15:40 4.2.3 Indonesia
00:16:24 4.3 Atlantic Ocean
00:16:33 4.3.1 United States
00:16:58 4.3.2 Belize
00:18:49 4.3.3 Caribbean
00:19:45 4.4 Other areas
00:21:28 4.5 Economic and political impact
00:24:43 4.6 Monitoring reef sea surface temperature
00:27:03 4.7 Changes in ocean chemistry
00:28:24 4.8 Infectious disease
00:29:52 5 Coral adaptation
00:31:29 6 Recovery and macroalgal regime shifts
00:37:03 7 Rebuilding coral reefs
00:38:56 8 Economic value of coral reefs
00:40:33 9 Cost benefit analysis of reducing loss of coral reefs



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SUMMARY
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Coral bleaching occurs when coral polyps expel algae that live inside their tissues. Normally, coral polyps live in an endosymbiotic relationship with this algae  crucial for the health of the coral and the reef.   The algae provides up to 90 percent of the coral's energy.  Bleached corals continue
to live but begin to starve after bleaching. Some corals recover.
Above-average sea water temperatures caused by global warming is the leading cause of coral bleaching. According to the United Nations Environment Programme, between 2014 and 2016 the longest recorded global bleaching events  killed coral on an unprecedented scale. In 2016, bleaching of coral on the Great Barrier Reef killed between 29 and 50 percent of the reef's coral. In 2017, the bleaching extended into the central region of the reef. The average interval between bleaching events has halved between 1980 and 2016.