Averroes | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-01-08

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Averroes


00:02:43 1 Name
00:04:04 2 Biography
00:04:12 2.1 Early life and education
00:06:09 2.2 Career
00:09:52 3 Works
00:10:54 3.1 Commentaries on Aristotle
00:12:09 3.2 Stand alone philosophical works
00:12:43 3.3 Islamic theology
00:13:49 3.4 Medicine
00:14:27 3.5 Jurisprudence and law
00:15:19 4 Philosophical ideas
00:15:28 4.1 Aristotelianism in the Islamic philosophical tradition
00:16:36 4.2 Relation between religion and philosophy
00:19:02 4.3 Nature of God
00:19:10 4.3.1 Existence
00:20:25 4.3.2 God's attributes
00:21:28 4.4 Pre-eternity of the world
00:22:46 4.5 Politics
00:24:58 5 Natural philosophy
00:25:07 5.1 Astronomy
00:26:06 5.2 Physics
00:27:05 5.3 Psychology
00:28:55 6 Legacy
00:29:04 6.1 In Jewish tradition
00:30:10 6.2 In Latin tradition
00:32:55 6.3 In Islamic tradition
00:33:51 7 In popular culture



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SUMMARY
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Ibn Rushd (Arabic: ابن رشد‎; full name Arabic: أبو الوليد محمد ابن احمد ابن رشد‎, translit. Abū l-Walīd Muḥammad Ibn ʾAḥmad Ibn Rušd; 1126 – 11 December 1198), often Latinized as Averroes (), was a Muslim Andalusian philosopher and thinker who wrote about many subjects, including philosophy, theology, medicine, astronomy, physics, Islamic jurisprudence and law, and linguistics. His philosophical works include numerous commentaries on Aristotle, for which he was known in the West as The Commentator. He also served as a judge and a court physician for the Almohad caliphate.
He was born in Córdoba in 1126 to a family of prominent judges—his grandfather was the chief judge of the city. In 1169 he was introduced to the caliph Abu Yaqub Yusuf, who was impressed with his knowledge, became his patron and commissioned many of Averroes' commentaries. Averroes later served multiple terms as a judge in Seville and Córdoba. In 1182, he was appointed as court physician and the chief judge of Córdoba. After Abu Yusuf's death in 1184, he remained in royal favor until he fell into disgrace in 1195. He was targeted on various charges—likely for political reasons—and was exiled to nearby Lucena. He returned to royal favor shortly before his death on 11 December 1198.
Averroes was a strong proponent of Aristotelianism; he attempted to restore what he considered the original teachings of Aristotle and opposed the Neoplatonist tendencies of earlier Muslim thinkers, such as Al-Farabi and Avicenna. He also defended the pursuit of philosophy against criticism by Ashari theologians such as Al-Ghazali. Averroes argued that philosophy was permissible in Islam and even compulsory among certain elites. He also argued scriptural text should be interpreted allegorically if it appeared to contradict conclusions reached by reason and philosophy. His legacy in the Islamic world was modest for geographical and intellectual reasons.
In the West, Averroes was known for his extensive commentaries on Aristotle, many of which were translated into Latin and Hebrew. The translations of his work reawakened Western European interest in Aristotle and Greek thinkers, an area of study that had been widely abandoned after the fall of the Roman Empire. His thoughts generated controversies in Latin Christendom and triggered a philosophical movement called Averroism based on his writings. His unity of the intellect thesis, proposing that all humans share the same intellect, became one of the most well-known and controversial Averroist doctrines in the West.  His works were condemned by the Catholic Church in 1270 and 1277. Although weakened by the condemnations and sustained critique by Thomas Aquinas, Latin Averroism continued to attract followers up to the sixteenth century.