International aid | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2018-12-23

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aid


00:01:08 1 Definitions and purpose
00:03:09 2 Extent of aid
00:03:48 2.1 Top 10 aid recipient countries (2012)
00:03:59 2.2 Top 10 aid donor countries (2013)
00:06:15 3 Types
00:06:36 3.1 Intended purpose
00:07:09 3.2 Terms or conditions of receipt
00:07:51 3.3 Sources
00:08:45 3.4 Urgency
00:09:44 3.4.1 Emergency aid
00:10:58 3.4.2 Development aid
00:11:33 3.5 Intended use
00:12:57 4 Official development assistance
00:14:58 5 Not included as international aid
00:15:51 6 Improving aid effectiveness
00:16:13 6.1 Conditionalities
00:18:50 6.2 Cash aid versus in-kind aid
00:20:20 6.3 Coordination
00:21:30 6.4 Aid priorities
00:23:22 6.5 Logistics
00:25:19 6.6 Improving the economic efficiency of aid
00:26:54 7 Criticism
00:32:20 7.1 Unintended consequences
00:33:28 7.1.1 Increasing conflict duration
00:38:34 7.1.2 Dependency and other economic effects
00:42:47 7.1.3 Changed consumption patterns
00:44:00 7.1.4 Natural resource overexploitation
00:44:52 7.2 Ulterior agendas
00:46:25 7.3 Beyond aid
00:48:11 7.4 The "aid industry"
00:48:52 8 Transition out of aid
00:49:28 9 Marshall Plan
00:52:12 10 Academic theories
00:53:11 10.1 "Searchers Approach"
00:57:34 10.2 Proscriptive "Ladder Approach"
01:01:09 10.2.1 David Dollar
01:02:41 10.2.2 "New Conditionality"
01:03:14 10.2.3 McGillivray
01:04:01 10.3 iAid on the Edge of Chaos/i
01:04:47 11 See also



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SUMMARY
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In international relations, aid (also known as international aid, overseas aid, foreign aid or foreign assistance) is – from the perspective of governments – a voluntary transfer of resources from one country to another.
Aid may serve one or more functions: it may be given as a signal of diplomatic approval, or to strengthen a military ally, to reward a government for behaviour desired by the donor, to extend the donor's cultural influence, to provide infrastructure needed by the donor for resource extraction from the recipient country, or to gain other kinds of commercial access. Countries may provide aid for further  diplomatic reasons. Humanitarian and altruistic purposes are at least partly responsible for the giving of aid.Aid may be given by individuals, private organizations, or governments. Standards delimiting exactly the types of transfers considered "aid" vary from country to country. For example, the United States government discontinued the reporting of military aid as part of its foreign aid figures in 1958. The most widely used measure of aid is "Official Development Assistance" (ODA).