Peninsula Campaign | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: Subhajit Sahu
Date: 2018-12-05

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Peninsula Campaign


00:02:03 1 Background
00:02:11 1.1 Military situation
00:06:31 2 Opposing forces
00:06:41 2.1 Union
00:08:06 2.2 Confederate
00:11:00 3 Initial movements
00:11:09 3.1 Movement to the Peninsula and the Siege of Yorktown
00:16:31 4 Battles
00:16:40 4.1 Williamsburg
00:20:39 4.2 Eltham's Landing (or West Point)
00:22:55 4.3 Norfolk and Drewry's Bluff
00:26:28 4.4 Armies converge on Richmond
00:28:57 4.5 Hanover Court House
00:32:36 4.6 Seven Pines (or Fair Oaks)
00:38:08 5 The Seven Days Battles
00:40:04 6 Aftermath
00:40:13 7 See also



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SUMMARY
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The Peninsula Campaign (also known as the Peninsular Campaign) of the American Civil War was a major Union operation launched in southeastern Virginia from March through July 1862, the first large-scale offensive in the Eastern Theater. The operation, commanded by Maj. Gen. George B. McClellan, was an amphibious turning movement against the Confederate States Army in Northern Virginia, intended to capture the Confederate capital of Richmond. McClellan was initially successful against the equally cautious General Joseph E. Johnston, but the emergence of the more aggressive General Robert E. Lee turned the subsequent Seven Days Battles into a humiliating Union defeat.
McClellan landed his army at Fort Monroe and moved northwest, up the Virginia Peninsula. Confederate Brig. Gen. John B. Magruder's defensive position on the Warwick Line caught McClellan by surprise. His hopes for a quick advance foiled, McClellan ordered his army to prepare for a siege of Yorktown. Just before the siege preparations were completed, the Confederates, now under the direct command of Johnston, began a withdrawal toward Richmond. The first heavy fighting of the campaign occurred in the Battle of Williamsburg, in which the Union troops managed some tactical victories, but the Confederates continued their withdrawal. An amphibious flanking movement to Eltham's Landing was ineffective in cutting off the Confederate retreat. In the Battle of Drewry's Bluff, an attempt by the U.S. Navy to reach Richmond by way of the James River was repulsed.
As McClellan's army reached the outskirts of Richmond, a minor battle occurred at Hanover Court House, but it was followed by a surprise attack by Johnston at the Battle of Seven Pines or Fair Oaks. The battle was inconclusive, with heavy casualties, but it had lasting effects on the campaign. Johnston was wounded by a Union artillery shell fragment on May 31 and replaced the next day by the more aggressive Robert E. Lee, who reorganized his army and prepared for offensive action in the final battles of June 25 to July 1, which are popularly known as the Seven Days Battles.