Catalonia | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-06-21

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalonia


00:04:40 1 Etymology and pronunciation
00:07:10 2 History
00:07:18 2.1 Prehistory
00:08:57 2.2 Pre-Roman and Roman period
00:10:57 2.3 Middle Ages
00:15:04 2.4 Modern Era
00:18:05 2.5 Industrialisation, Republic and autonomy
00:22:03 2.6 Spanish Civil War (1936–1939) and Franco's rule (1939–1975)
00:24:48 2.7 Transition and democratic period (1975–present)
00:28:07 3 Geography
00:28:15 3.1 Climate
00:29:44 3.2 Topography
00:32:11 3.3 Flora and fauna
00:33:14 3.4 Hydrography
00:35:01 3.5 Anthropic pressure and protection of nature
00:37:09 4 Politics
00:41:50 4.1 Statute of Autonomy
00:44:05 4.2 Government and law
00:44:37 4.2.1 Legislature
00:45:17 4.2.2 Presidency
00:46:04 4.2.3 Executive
00:46:30 4.3 Security forces and Justice
00:47:49 4.4 Administrative divisions
00:48:14 4.4.1 Provinces
00:48:54 4.4.2 Comarques
00:49:50 4.4.3 Municipalities
00:50:23 4.4.4 Vegueries
00:51:57 5 Economy
00:54:55 5.1 Unemployment
00:55:10 5.2 Transport
00:55:17 5.2.1 Airports
00:55:55 5.2.2 Ports
00:57:05 5.2.3 Roads
00:57:49 5.2.4 Railways
00:59:20 6 Demographics
01:01:02 6.1 Religion
01:01:56 6.2 Languages
01:08:21 7 Culture
01:08:30 7.1 Art and architecture
01:10:53 7.1.1 Monuments and World Heritage Sites
01:11:48 7.2 Literature
01:14:27 7.3 Festivals and public holidays
01:16:11 7.4 Music and dance
01:19:15 7.5 Media and cinema
01:22:35 7.6 Philosophy
01:23:02 7.7 Sport
01:25:28 7.8 Symbols
01:26:34 7.9 Cuisine
01:27:45 8 Image gallery
01:27:55 9 Twinning and covenants
01:28:11 10 See also



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SUMMARY
=======
Catalonia (; Catalan: Catalunya [kətəˈluɲə]; Aranese: Catalonha [kataˈluɲɔ]; Spanish: Cataluña [kataˈluɲa]) is an autonomous community on the northeastern corner of Spain, designated as a nationality by its Statute of Autonomy Catalonia consists of four provinces: Barcelona, Girona, Lleida, and Tarragona. The capital and largest city is Barcelona, the second-most populated municipality in Spain and the core of the sixth most populous urban area in the European Union. It comprises most of the territory of the former Principality of Catalonia (with the remainder Roussillon now part of France's Pyrénées-Orientales, Occitanie). It is bordered by France (Occitanie) and Andorra to the north, the Mediterranean Sea to the east, and the Spanish autonomous communities of Aragon to the west and Valencia to the south. The official languages are Catalan, Spanish, and the Aranese dialect of Occitan.In the late 8th century, the counties of the March of Gothia and the Hispanic March were established by the Frankish kingdom as feudal vassals across and near the eastern Pyrenees as a defensive barrier against Muslim invasions. The eastern counties of these marches were united under the rule of the Frankish vassal, the count of Barcelona, and were later called Catalonia. In the 10th century the County of Barcelona became independent de facto. In 1137, Barcelona and the Kingdom of Aragon were united by marriage under the Crown of Aragon. The de jure end of Frankish rule was ratified by French and Aragonese monarchs in the Treaty of Corbeil in 1258. The Principality of Catalonia developed its own institutional system, such as courts (parliament), and constitutions, becoming the base for the Crown of Aragon's naval power, trade and expansionism in the Mediterranean. In the later Middle Ages, Catalan literature flourished. During the last Medieval centuries natural disasters, social turmoils and military conflicts affected the Principality. Between 1469 and 1516, the king of Aragon and the queen of Castile married and ruled their realms together, retaining all of their distinct institutions and legislation.
During the Franco-Spanish War (1635–1659), Catalonia revolted (1640–1652) against a large and bur ...