Snowball Earth | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-05-15

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snowball_Earth


00:01:55 1 History
00:02:04 1.1 Evidence for ancient glaciation mounts
00:03:14 1.2 Global glaciation proposed
00:08:46 2 Evidence
00:11:18 2.1 Palaeomagnetism
00:16:01 2.2 Low-latitude glacial deposits
00:18:16 2.3 Open-water deposits
00:19:55 2.4 Carbon isotope ratios
00:21:42 2.5 Banded iron formations
00:24:34 2.6 Cap carbonate rocks
00:28:32 2.7 Changing acidity
00:29:15 2.8 Space dust
00:30:19 2.9 Cyclic climate fluctuations
00:31:55 3 Mechanisms
00:34:17 3.1 Continental distribution
00:40:09 3.2 During the frozen period
00:40:48 3.3 Breaking out of global glaciation
00:45:16 3.4 Slushball Earth hypothesis
00:47:33 4 Scientific dispute
00:49:41 4.1 "Zipper rift" hypothesis
00:51:56 4.2 High-obliquity hypothesis
00:53:00 4.3 Inertial interchange true polar wander
00:54:18 5 Survival of life through frozen periods
00:59:40 6 Implications
01:01:08 6.1 Effect on early evolution
01:05:59 6.2 Effects on ocean circulation
01:06:25 7 Occurrence and timing
01:06:35 7.1 Neoproterozoic
01:08:07 7.2 Palaeoproterozoic
01:09:26 7.3 Karoo Ice Age



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SUMMARY
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The Snowball Earth hypothesis proposes that during one or more of Earth's icehouse climates, Earth's surface became entirely or nearly entirely frozen at least once, sometime earlier than 650 Mya (million years ago). Proponents of the hypothesis argue that it best explains sedimentary deposits generally regarded as of glacial origin at tropical palaeolatitudes and other enigmatic features in the geological record. Opponents of the hypothesis contest the implications of the geological evidence for global glaciation and the geophysical feasibility of an ice- or slush-covered ocean and emphasize the difficulty of escaping an all-frozen condition. A number of unanswered questions remain, including whether the Earth was a full snowball, or a "slushball" with a thin equatorial band of open (or seasonally open) water.
The snowball-Earth episodes are proposed to have occurred before the sudden radiation of multicellular bioforms, known as the Cambrian explosion. The most recent snowball episode may have triggered the evolution of multicellularity. Another, much earlier and longer snowball episode, the Huronian glaciation, which would have occurred 2400 to 2100 Mya, may have been triggered by the first appearance of oxygen in the atmosphere, the "Great Oxygenation Event".