Ethnography | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-03-25

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethnography


00:03:05 1 History and meaning
00:06:26 2 Origins
00:07:51 3 Forms of ethnography
00:10:58 4 Features of ethnographic research
00:13:35 5 Procedures for conducting ethnography
00:17:41 6 Ethnography as method
00:20:02 7 Data collection methods
00:25:31 8 Differences across disciplines
00:26:34 8.1 Cultural and social anthropology
00:37:01 8.2 Sociology
00:40:07 8.3 Communication Studies
00:42:44 8.4 Other fields
00:45:25 9 Evaluating ethnography
00:47:12 10 Challenges of ethnography
00:50:44 11 Ethics
00:56:21 11.1 Classic virtues
00:57:30 11.2 Technical skills
00:59:13 11.3 Ethnographic Self
01:01:45 12 Notable ethnographers
01:01:55 13 See also



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- Socrates


SUMMARY
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Ethnography (from Greek ἔθνος ethnos "folk, people, nation" and γράφω grapho "I write") is the systematic study of people and cultures. It is designed to explore cultural phenomena where the researcher observes society from the point of view of the subject of the study.  An ethnography is a means to represent graphically and in writing the culture of a group.  The word can thus be said to have a double meaning, which partly depends on whether it is used as a count noun or uncountable. The resulting field study or a case report reflects the knowledge and the system of meanings in the lives of a cultural group.As a method of data collection, ethnography entails examining the behaviour of the participants in a certain specific social situation and also understanding their interpretation of such behaviour. Dewan (2018) further elaborates that this behaviour may be shaped by the constraints the participants feel because of the situations they are in or by the society in which they belong. Ethnography, as the presentation of empirical data on human societies and cultures, was pioneered in the biological, social, and cultural branches of anthropology, but it has also become popular in the social sciences in general—sociology, communication studies, history—wherever people study ethnic groups, formations, compositions, resettlements, social welfare characteristics, materiality, spirituality, and a people's ethnogenesis. The typical ethnography is a holistic study and so includes a brief history, and an analysis of the terrain, the climate, and the habitat. In all cases, it should be reflexive, make a substantial contribution toward the understanding of the social life of humans, have an aesthetic impact on the reader, and express a credible reality. An ethnography records all observed behavior and describes all symbol-meaning relations, using concepts that avoid causal explanations. Traditionally, ethnography was focussed on the western gaze towards the far 'exotic' east, but now researchers are undertaking ethnography in their own social environment. According to Dewan (2018), even if we are the other, the ‘another’ or the ‘native’, we are still ‘another’ because there are many facades of ourselves that connect us to people and other facades that highlight our differences.