Mahavira | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 10/05/2019

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahavira


00:02:22 1 Names and epithets
00:03:30 2 Historical Mahavira
00:05:59 3 Jain tradition
00:06:29 3.1 Birth
00:08:50 3.2 Early life
00:09:54 3.3 Renunciation
00:10:53 3.4 Omniscience
00:11:59 3.5 Disciples
00:13:19 3.6 Nirvana and moksha
00:15:12 3.7 Previous births
00:15:57 3.8 Texts
00:16:57 4 Teachings
00:17:49 4.1 Agamas
00:19:23 4.2 Five vows
00:21:30 4.3 Soul
00:22:50 4.4 iAnekantavada/i
00:25:58 4.5 Gender
00:27:06 4.6 Rebirth and realms of existence
00:28:26 5 Legacy
00:28:35 5.1 Lineage
00:30:25 5.2 Festivals
00:31:07 5.3 Worship
00:31:57 5.4 Influence
00:33:24 5.5 Iconography
00:34:47 5.6 Temples
00:35:40 6 See also



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SUMMARY
=======
Mahavira, also known as Vardhamāna, was the twenty-fourth tirthankara (ford-maker) who revived Jainism. He expounded the spiritual, philosophical and ethical teachings of the previous tirthankaras from the remote pre-Vedic era. In the Jain tradition, it is believed that Mahavira was born in the early part of the 6th century BC into a royal Kshatriya family in present-day Bihar, India. He abandoned all worldly possessions at the age of 30 and left home in pursuit of spiritual awakening, becoming an ascetic. Mahavira practiced intense meditation and severe austerities for 12 years, after which he is believed to have attained Kevala Jnana (omniscience). He preached for 30 years and is believed by Jains to have attained moksha in the 6th century BC, although the year varies by sect. Scholars such as Karl Potter consider his biography uncertain; some suggest that he lived in the 5th century BC, contemporaneously with the Buddha. Mahavira attained nirvana at the age of 72, and his body was cremated.
After attaining Kevala Jnana, Mahavira taught that observance of the vows of ahimsa (non-violence), satya (truth), asteya (non-stealing), brahmacharya (chastity), and aparigraha (non-attachment) is necessary for spiritual liberation. He taught the principles of Anekantavada (many-sided reality): syadvada and nayavada. Mahavira's teachings were compiled by Indrabhuti Gautama (his chief disciple) as the Jain Agamas. The texts, transmitted orally by Jain monks, are believed to have been largely lost by about the 1st century (when they were first written down). The surviving versions of the Agamas taught by Mahavira are some of Jainism's foundation texts.
Mahavira is usually depicted in a sitting or standing meditative posture, with the symbol of a lion beneath him. His earliest iconography is from archaeological sites in the North Indian city of Mathura, and is dated from the 1st century BC to the 2nd century AD. His birth is celebrated as Mahavir Jayanti, and his nirvana is observed by Jains as Diwali.