ACIDS, BASES AND SALTS PART I
Channel: SCHOLAR PATHSHALA
Date: 2021-06-14

Hello!
TOPIC: INTRO: ACIDS ,BASES AND SALTS
It proceeds like this,
On the basis of their chemical properties, all the
compounds can be classified into three groups :
1. Acids  2. Bases 3. Salts

Acids are those chemical substances which have a sour taste. Acids change the colour of blue litmus to red. 
All the acids can be divided into two groups : strong acids, and weak acids.
(i) Hydrochloric acid, sulphuric acid and nitric acid are strong acids.
(ii) Acetic acid (ethanoic acid), formic acid, citric acid, tartaric acid and
carbonic acid are weak acids.
All the mineral acids are strong acids. 
The organic acids are weak acids.

Properties of Acids:
1. Acids have a sour taste
2. Acids turn blue litmus to red
3. Acid solutions conduct electricity
4. Acids react with metals to form hydrogen gas
5. Acids react with metal carbonates to form carbon dioxide gas
6. Acids react with bases (or alkalis) to form salt and water
7. Acids react with metal oxides to form salt and water
8. Acids have corrosive nature

Bases are those chemical substances which have a bitter taste. All the bases change the colour of red litmus to blue.
Bases are the chemical opposites of acids.
A base is a chemical substance which can neutralise an acid.
A base which is soluble in water is called an alkali. Some of the common water soluble bases (or alkalis) are : Sodium hydroxide, Potassium hydroxide, Calcium hydroxide, Ammonium hydroxide and Magnesium hydroxide.

Bases are of two types : strong bases and weak bases. 
A base which completely ionises in water and thus produces a large amount of hydroxide ions (OH– ions) is called a strong base (or a strong alkali). Sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide (KOH) are strong bases.
A base which is partially ionised in water and thus produces a small amount of hydroxide ions (OH– ions) is called a weak base (or weak alkali). Ammonium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide are weak bases. 

Properties of Bases:
1. Bases have bitter taste
2. Bases feel soapy to touch
3. Bases turn red litmus to blue
4. Bases conduct electricity in solution
5. Bases react with some metals to form hydrogen gas
6. Bases react with acids to form salt and water
7. Bases react with non-metal oxides to form salt and water

A salt is a compound formed from an acid by the replacement of the hydrogen in the acid by a metal. ‘Salt’ is a general name and it does not refer only to sodium chloride.

Salts are formed when acids react with bases.
(i) The salts of ‘hydrochloric acid’ are called ‘chlorides’.
(ii) The salts of ‘sulphuric acid’ are called ‘sulphates’.
(iii) The salts of ‘nitric acid’ are called ‘nitrates’.
(iv) The salts of ‘carbonic acid’ are called ‘carbonates’.
(v) The salts of ‘acetic acid’ are called ‘acetates’, and so on.

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Team "SCHOLAR PATHSHALA".
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