Rastafari | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-01-09

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rastafari


00:04:37 1 Definition
00:07:52 2 Beliefs
00:11:53 2.1 Jah Rastafari and Jesus of Nazareth
00:15:05 2.2 Haile Selassie
00:21:26 2.3 Afrocentrism, Babylon, and Zion
00:29:35 2.3.1 Salvation and paradise
00:32:09 2.4 Morality, ethics, and gender roles
00:40:39 3 Practices
00:41:40 3.1 Grounding
00:46:35 3.2 Spiritual use of cannabis
00:52:25 3.3 Music
00:57:19 3.4 Language and symbolism
01:02:10 3.5 Diet
01:03:47 3.6 Dreadlocks
01:10:29 4 History
01:13:33 4.1 Ethiopianism, Back to Africa, and Marcus Garvey
01:18:07 4.2 Haile Selassie and the early Rastas: 1930–1949
01:21:45 4.3 Growing visibility: 1950–1969
01:27:05 4.4 International spread and decline: 1970–present
01:31:03 5 Organization
01:32:40 5.1 Mansions of Rastafari
01:33:35 5.1.1 House of Nyabinghi
01:34:40 5.1.2 Bobo Ashanti
01:36:28 5.1.3 Twelve Tribes of Israel
01:38:57 5.1.4 Church of Haile Selassie
01:39:36 5.1.5 Fulfilled Rastafari
01:40:22 6 Demographics
01:43:02 6.1 Conversion and deconversion
01:46:16 6.2 Jamaica and the Caribbean
01:49:27 6.3 Africa
01:53:23 6.4 Western countries
01:57:35 6.5 Australasia and Asia
01:58:06 7 See also



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SUMMARY
=======
Rastafari, sometimes termed Rastafarianism, is an Abrahamic religion that developed in Jamaica during the 1930s. Scholars of religion and related fields have classified it as both a new religious movement and a social movement. There is no central authority in control of the movement and much diversity exists among practitioners, who are known as Rastafari, Rastafarians, or Rastas.
Rastas refer to their beliefs, which are based on a specific interpretation of the Bible, as "Rastalogy". Central is a monotheistic belief in a single God—referred to as Jah—who partially resides within each individual. Haile Selassie, the Emperor of Ethiopia between 1930 and 1974, is given central importance. Many Rastas regard him as an incarnation of Jah on Earth and as the Second Coming of Christ. Others regard him as a human prophet who fully recognized the inner divinity in every individual. Rastafari is Afrocentric and focuses its attention on the African diaspora, which it believes is oppressed within Western society, or "Babylon". Many Rastas call for the resettlement of the African diaspora in either Ethiopia or Africa more widely, referring to this continent as the Promised Land of "Zion". Rastas refer to their practices as "livity". Communal meetings are known as "groundations", and are typified by music, chanting, discussions, and the smoking of cannabis, the latter being regarded as a sacrament with beneficial properties. Rastas place emphasis on what they regard as living "naturally", adhering to ital dietary requirements, twisting their hair into dreadlocks, and following patriarchal gender roles.
Rastafari originated among impoverished and socially disenfranchised Afro-Jamaican communities in 1930s Jamaica. Its Afrocentric ideology was largely a reaction against Jamaica's then-dominant British colonial culture. It was influenced by both Ethiopianism and the Back-to-Africa movement promoted by black nationalist figures like Marcus Garvey. The movement developed after several Christian clergymen, most notably Leonard Howell, proclaimed that Haile Selassie's crowning as emperor in 1930 fulfilled a Biblical prophecy. By the 1950s, Rastafari's counter-cultural stance had brought the movement into conflict with wider Jamaican society, including violent clashes with law enforcement. In the 1960s and 1970s it gained increased respectability within Jamaica and greater visibility abroad through the popularity of Rasta-inspired reggae musicians like Bob Marley. Enthusiasm for Rastafari declined in the 1980s, following the deaths of Haile Selassie and Marley, but the movement survived and ha ...