Insecticide | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 23/06/2019

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insecticide


00:02:00 1 Type of activity
00:03:26 2 Biological pesticides
00:04:11 3 Other biological approaches
00:04:22 3.1 Plant-incorporated protectants
00:05:24 3.2 Enzymes
00:06:11 3.3 Bacterial
00:07:14 4 Synthetic insecticide and natural insecticides
00:07:46 4.1 Organochlorides
00:08:25 4.2 Organophosphates and carbamates
00:09:24 4.3 Pyrethroids
00:09:55 4.4 Neonicotinoids
00:10:50 4.5 Ryanoids
00:11:23 5 Insect growth regulators
00:12:52 6 Environmental harm
00:13:02 6.1 Effects on nontarget species
00:13:37 6.2 DDT
00:15:09 6.3 Pollinator decline
00:15:52 6.4 Bird decline
00:16:22 7 Alternatives
00:17:25 8 Examples
00:17:34 8.1 Organochlorides



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SUMMARY
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Insecticides are substances used to kill insects. They include ovicides and larvicides used against insect eggs and larvae, respectively. Insecticides are used in agriculture, medicine, industry and by consumers. Insecticides are claimed to be a major factor behind the increase in the 20th-century's agricultural productivity. Nearly all insecticides have the potential to significantly alter ecosystems; many are toxic to humans and/or animals; some become concentrated as they spread along the food chain.
Insecticides can be classified into two major groups: systemic insecticides, which have residual or long term activity; and contact insecticides, which have no residual activity.
Furthermore, one can  distinguish three types of insecticide. 1. Natural insecticides, such as nicotine, pyrethrum and neem extracts, made by plants as defenses against insects. 2. Inorganic insecticides, which are metals. 3. Organic insecticides, which are organic chemical compounds, mostly working by contact.
The mode of action describes how the pesticide kills or inactivates a pest. It provides another way of classifying insecticides. Mode of action is important in understanding whether an insecticide will be toxic to unrelated species, such as fish, birds and mammals.
Insecticides may be repellent or non-repellent. Social insects such as ants cannot detect non-repellents and readily crawl through them. As they return to the nest they take insecticide with them and transfer it to their nestmates. Over time, this eliminates all of the ants including the queen. This is slower than some other methods, but usually completely eradicates the ant colony.Insecticides are distinct from non-insecticidal  repellents, which repel but do not kill.