Surface tension | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 17/03/2019

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surface_tension


00:01:21 1 Causes
00:03:41 2 Effects of surface tension
00:03:51 2.1 Water
00:04:04 2.2 Surfactants
00:04:59 3 Physics
00:05:08 3.1 Physical units
00:06:54 3.2 Surface area growth
00:09:04 3.3 Surface curvature and pressure
00:10:40 3.4 Floating objects
00:12:43 3.5 Liquid surface
00:14:18 3.6 Contact angles
00:15:01 3.6.1 Special contact angles
00:19:58 4 Methods of measurement
00:21:11 5 Effects
00:24:41 5.1 Liquid in a vertical tube
00:24:50 5.2 Puddles on a surface
00:27:46 5.3 The breakup of streams into drops
00:30:18 6 Thermodynamics
00:30:34 6.1 Thermodynamic theories of surface tension
00:30:53 6.2 Thermodynamics of soap bubbles
00:31:07 6.2.1 Influence of temperature
00:31:36 6.2.2 Influence of solute concentration
00:32:38 6.2.3 Influence of particle size on vapor pressure
00:32:47 7 Surface tension of water and of seawater
00:35:35 7.1 Surface tension of water
00:35:56 7.2 Surface tension of seawater
00:38:21 8 Data table
00:38:31 9 Gallery of effects
00:39:40 10 See also
00:42:06 11 Notes
00:43:59 12 References
00:46:12 13 External links
00:46:34 Surface tension of water
00:48:35 Surface tension of seawater
00:50:37 Data table
00:50:47 Gallery of effects
00:50:56 See also



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SUMMARY
=======
Surface tension is the tendency of fluid surfaces to shrink into the minimum surface area possible. Surface tension allows insects (e.g. water striders), usually denser than water, to float and slide on a water surface.
At liquid–air interfaces, surface tension results from the greater attraction of liquid molecules to each other (due to cohesion) than to the molecules in the air (due to adhesion). The net effect is an inward force at its surface that causes the liquid to behave as if its surface were covered with a stretched elastic membrane. Thus, the surface comes under tension from the imbalanced forces, which is probably where the term "surface tension" came from. Because of the relatively high attraction of water molecules to each other through a web of hydrogen bonds, water has a higher surface tension (72.8 millinewtons per meter at 20 °C) than most other liquids. Surface tension is an important factor in the phenomenon of capillarity.
Surface tension has the dimension of force per unit length, or of energy per unit area. The two are equivalent, but when referring to energy per unit of area, it is common to use the term surface energy, which is a more general term in the sense that it applies also to solids.
In materials science, surface tension is used for either surface stress or surface energy.