Jury trial | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2018-12-04

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Jury trial


00:02:27 1 History
00:02:35 1.1 Greece
00:04:07 1.2 Rome
00:05:57 1.3 Holy Roman Empire and modern Germany
00:08:07 1.4 England and Wales
00:17:28 2 Role
00:20:47 3 Pros and cons
00:24:40 4 In various jurisdictions
00:24:50 4.1 Argentina
00:25:12 4.2 Australia
00:26:11 4.2.1 Challenging potential jurors
00:27:19 4.2.2 Majority and unanimous verdicts in criminal trials
00:29:42 4.3 Austria
00:29:59 4.4 Belgium
00:30:27 4.5 Canada
00:33:22 4.6 France
00:34:00 4.7 Greece
00:34:43 4.8 Gibraltar
00:35:04 4.9 Hong Kong
00:37:09 4.10 India
00:39:58 4.11 Ireland
00:41:34 4.12 Italy
00:41:56 4.13 Japan
00:42:27 4.14 New Zealand
00:43:27 4.15 Norway
00:45:15 4.16 Russia
00:47:05 4.17 Singapore
00:47:40 4.18 South Africa
00:48:59 4.19 Sweden
00:50:36 4.20 Switzerland
00:51:14 4.21 United Kingdom
00:51:47 4.21.1 England and Wales
00:54:51 4.21.2 Scotland
00:55:11 4.21.3 Northern Ireland
00:56:02 4.22 United States
01:03:20 4.22.1 Civil trial procedure
01:07:42 4.22.2 Waiver of jury trial
01:10:31 5 See also



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SUMMARY
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A jury trial, or trial by jury, is a lawful proceeding in which a jury makes a decision or findings of fact. It is distinguished from a bench trial in which a judge or panel of judges makes all decisions.
Jury trials are used in a significant share of serious criminal cases in almost all common law lawful systems (Singapore, for example, is an exception), and juries or lay judges have been incorporated into the legal systems of many civil law countries for criminal cases. Only the United States makes routine use of jury trials in a wide variety of non-criminal cases. Other common law legal jurisdictions use jury trials only in a very select class of cases that make up a tiny share of the overall civil docket (like malicious prosecution and false imprisonment suits in England and Wales), but true civil jury trials are almost entirely absent elsewhere in the world. Some civil law jurisdictions, however, have arbitration panels where non-legally trained members decide cases in select subject-matter areas relevant to the arbitration panel members' areas of expertise.
The availability of a trial by jury in American jurisdictions varies. Because the United States legal system separated from that of the English one at the time of the American Revolution, the types of proceedings that use juries depends on whether such cases were tried by jury under English common law at that time rather than the methods used in English courts now. For example, at the time, English "courts of law" tried cases of torts or private law for monetary damages using juries, but "courts of equity" that tried civil cases seeking an injunction or another form of non-monetary relief did not. As a result, this practice continues in American civil laws, but in modern English law, only criminal proceedings and some inquests are likely to be heard by a jury.
The use of jury trials, which evolved within common law systems rather than civil law systems, has had a profound impact on the nature of American civil procedure and criminal procedure rules, even if a bench trial is actually contemplated in a particular case. In general, the availability of a jury trial if properly demanded has given rise to a system in which fact finding is concentrated in a single trial rather than multiple hearings, and appellate review of trial court decisions is greatly limited. Jury trials are of far less importance (or of no importance) in countries that do not have a common law system.