Guatemalan Civil War | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-05-07

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guatemalan_Civil_War


00:06:34 1 Background
00:08:34 1.1 Societal structure
00:12:43 1.2 Jorge Ubico regime
00:23:32 2 Initial phase of the civil war: 1960s and early 1970s
00:26:14 2.1 MR-13 attacks United Fruit Company office
00:28:31 2.2 US intelligence and counterinsurgency assistance to government
00:32:11 2.3 Escalation of state terror
00:37:59 2.4 Counterterror in Zacapa
00:40:58 2.5 State of Siege
00:48:02 2.6 The kidnapping of Archbishop Casariego
00:50:58 2.7 The assassinations of Ambassador John Gordon Mein and Count Karl Von Spreti
00:54:08 2.8 Domination by military rulers
01:02:06 3 Franja Transversal del Norte
01:05:01 3.1 Guerrilla Army of the Poor
01:07:09 4 Mass movement for social reforms: 1974–1976
01:18:16 5 Transition between Laugerud and Lucas Garcia regimes
01:23:56 6 Lucas Garcia presidency
01:24:22 6.1 Civil war in the city
01:35:04 6.2 Insurgent mobilization in the countryside
01:42:53 6.3 List of massacres perpetrated by the EGP in FTN
01:44:39 6.4 'Operation Ceniza' 1981
01:47:08 7 1982 coup d'état and Ríos Montt regime
01:49:37 7.1 'Victoria 82' and 'Operation Sofia'
01:53:36 7.2 Urban Reforms
01:57:19 8 Mejia Victores regime and democratic transition: 1983–1986
02:00:47 8.1 The Mutual Support Group (GAM)
02:03:35 8.1.1 Repression against the GAM
02:06:14 9 Transition to elections
02:08:12 9.1 Cerezo Administration
02:11:48 9.2 Serrano government dissolution and recovery
02:14:17 9.3 Renewed peace process (1994 to 1996)
02:16:42 9.4 Casualties
02:18:05 10 Foreign support and involvement
02:18:16 10.1 United States Involvement
02:19:43 10.1.1 US changes approach
02:21:07 10.1.2 US training
02:23:23 10.1.3 Lessons for US counterinsurgency in Vietnam
02:25:39 10.1.4 Carter Admininstration
02:28:39 10.1.5 Reagan increases military assistance and cooperation
02:33:31 10.1.5.1 Reagan administration dismisses reports of human rights abuses
02:35:46 10.1.6 Support for Army Intelligence
02:40:48 10.1.7 US role in torture
02:42:14 10.2 Israeli support
02:47:21 10.3 Argentine support
02:51:11 10.4 South African support
02:53:00 11 See also



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SUMMARY
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The Guatemalan Civil War ran from 1960 to 1996. It was fought between the government of Guatemala and various leftist rebel groups supported chiefly by ethnic Maya indigenous people and Ladino peasants, who together make up the rural poor. The government forces of Guatemala have been condemned for committing genocide against the Maya population of Guatemala during the civil war and for widespread human rights violations against civilians.Democratic elections during the Guatemalan Revolution in 1944 and 1951 had brought popular leftist governments to power, but a United States-backed coup d'état in 1954 installed the military regime of Carlos Castillo Armas, who was followed by a series of conservative military dictators. In 1970, Colonel Carlos Manuel Arana Osorio became the first of a series of military dictators representing the Institutional Democratic Party or PID. The PID dominated Guatemalan politics for twelve years through electoral frauds favoring two of Col. Carlos Arana's proteges (Gen. Kjell Eugenio Laugerud Garcia in 1974 and Gen. Romeo Lucas Garcia in 1978). The PID lost its grip on Guatemalan politics when General Efraín Ríos Montt, together with a group of junior army officers, seized power in a military coup on 23 March 1982. In the 1970s continuing social discontent gave rise to an insurgency among the large populations of indigenous people and peasants, who traditionally bore the brunt of unequal land tenure. During the 1980s, the Guatemalan military assumed almost absolute government power for five years; it had successfully infiltrated and eliminated enemies in every socio-political institution of the nat ...