Adaptation (biology) | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2018-12-27

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adaptation


00:00:56 1 History
00:03:26 2 General principles
00:03:44 2.1 What adaptation is
00:07:36 2.2 What adaptation is not
00:10:23 2.3 Adaptedness and fitness
00:12:16 2.4 Genetic basis
00:13:22 3 Types
00:13:35 3.1 Changes in habitat
00:14:59 3.2 Genetic change
00:16:49 3.3 Co-adaptation
00:17:26 3.4 Mimicry
00:18:20 3.5 Trade-offs
00:22:31 4 Shifts in function
00:22:46 4.1 Pre-adaptation
00:24:13 4.2 Co-option of existing traits: exaptation
00:25:02 5 Non-adaptive traits
00:26:26 6 Extinction and coextinction
00:27:24 7 Philosophical issues



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SUMMARY
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In biology, adaptation has four meanings. Firstly, it is the dynamic evolutionary process that fits organisms to their environment, enhancing their evolutionary fitness. Secondly, it is a state reached by the population during that process. Thirdly, it is a phenotypic or adaptive trait, with a functional role in each individual organism, that is maintained and has been evolved by natural selection.Lastly the features that help an animal to survive in the natural surroundings are called adaptations.These special features help them not only to survive the climatic conditions but also help them to find food,shelter and provide protection from their enimies. 
Organisms face a succession of environmental challenges as they grow, and show adaptive plasticity as traits develop in response to the imposed conditions. This gives them resilience to varying environments.