Wind | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-03-20

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind


00:04:30 1 Causes
00:07:03 2 Measurement
00:10:40 3 Wind force scale
00:12:21 3.1 Enhanced Fujita scale
00:12:45 3.2 Station model
00:14:16 4 Wind power
00:16:15 4.1 Theoretical power captured by a wind turbine
00:17:08 4.2 Practical wind turbine power
00:17:42 5 Global climatology
00:18:36 5.1 Tropics
00:20:03 5.2 Westerlies and their impact
00:22:06 5.3 Polar easterlies
00:22:59 6 Local considerations
00:23:09 6.1 Sea and land breezes
00:25:01 6.2 Near mountains
00:30:01 7 Average wind speeds
00:30:29 7.1 Wind power density
00:33:08 8 Shear
00:35:24 9 Usage
00:35:33 9.1 History
00:38:55 9.2 Transportation
00:40:48 9.3 Power source
00:42:44 9.4 Recreation
00:44:20 10 Role in the natural world
00:45:22 10.1 Erosion
00:47:18 10.2 Desert dust migration
00:49:45 10.3 Effect on plants
00:53:50 10.4 Effect on animals
00:56:31 10.5 Sound generation
00:57:37 11 Related damage
01:01:50 12 In outer space
01:02:54 12.1 Planetary wind
01:03:50 12.2 Solar wind
01:05:22 13 On other planets



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SUMMARY
=======
Wind is the flow of gases on a large scale. On the surface of the Earth, wind consists of the bulk movement of air. In outer space, solar wind is the movement of gases or charged particles from the Sun through space, while planetary wind is the outgassing of light chemical elements from a planet's atmosphere into space. Winds are commonly classified by their spatial scale, their speed, the types of forces that cause them, the regions in which they occur, and their effect. The strongest observed winds on a planet in the Solar System occur on Neptune and Saturn. Winds have various aspects, an important one being its velocity (wind speed); another the density of the gas involved; another its energy content or wind energy. Wind is also a great source of transportation for seeds and small birds; with time things can travel thousands of miles in the wind.
In meteorology, winds are often referred to according to their strength, and the direction from which the wind is blowing. Short bursts of high-speed wind are termed gusts. Strong winds of intermediate duration (around one minute) are termed squalls. Long-duration winds have various names associated with their average strength, such as breeze, gale, storm, and hurricane. Wind occurs on a range of scales, from thunderstorm flows lasting tens of minutes, to local breezes generated by heating of land surfaces and lasting a few hours, to global winds resulting from the difference in absorption of solar energy between the climate zones on Earth. The two main causes of large-scale atmospheric circulation are the differential heating between the equator and the poles, and the rotation of the planet (Coriolis effect). Within the tropics, thermal low circulations over terrain and high plateaus can drive monsoon circulations. In coastal areas the sea breeze/land breeze cycle can define local winds; in areas that have variable terrain, mountain and valley breezes can dominate local winds.
In human civilization, the concept of wind has been explored in mythology, influenced the events of history, expanded the range of transport and warfare, and provided a power source for mechanical work, electricity and recreation. Wind powers the voyages of sailing ships across Earth's oceans. Hot air balloons use the wind to take short trips, and powered flight uses it to increase lift and reduce fuel consumption. Areas of wind shear caused by various weather phenomena can lead to dangerous situations for aircraft. When winds become strong, trees and human-made structures are damaged or destroyed.
Winds can shape landforms, via a variety of aeolian processes such as the formation of fertile soils, such as loess, and by erosion. Dust from large deserts can be moved great distances from its s ...