Sonic cavitation | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 06/06/2019

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cavitation


00:02:06 1 Physics
00:06:09 2 Hydrodynamic cavitation
00:11:22 3 Applications
00:11:31 3.1 Chemical engineering
00:13:22 3.2 Biomedical
00:15:13 3.3 Cleaning
00:15:50 3.4 Food and beverage
00:15:58 3.4.1 Eggs
00:16:30 4 Cavitation damage
00:18:05 4.1 Pumps and propellers
00:18:57 4.1.1 Suction cavitation
00:20:26 4.1.2 Discharge cavitation
00:21:40 4.1.3 Cavitation solutions
00:23:47 4.2 Control valves
00:25:03 4.3 Spillways
00:26:53 4.4 Engines
00:28:56 5 In nature
00:29:05 5.1 Geology
00:30:14 5.2 Vascular plants
00:31:15 5.3 Spore dispersal in plants
00:32:18 5.4 Marine life
00:33:37 5.5 Coastal erosion
00:34:07 6 History
00:37:29 7 See also



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SUMMARY
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Cavitation is a phenomenon in which rapid changes of pressure in a liquid lead to the formation of small vapor-filled cavities, in places where the pressure is relatively low.
When subjected to higher pressure, these cavities, called "bubbles" or "voids", collapse and can generate an intense shock wave.
Cavitation is a significant cause of wear in some engineering contexts. Collapsing voids that implode near to a metal surface cause cyclic stress through repeated implosion. This results in surface fatigue of the metal causing a type of wear also called "cavitation". The most common examples of this kind of wear are to pump impellers, and bends where a sudden change in the direction of liquid occurs. Cavitation is usually divided into two classes of behavior: inertial (or transient) cavitation and non-inertial cavitation.
The process in which a void or bubble in a liquid rapidly collapses, producing a shock wave, is called inertial cavitation. Inertial cavitation occurs in nature in the strikes of mantis shrimps and pistol shrimps, as well as in the vascular tissues of plants. In man-made objects, it can occur in control valves, pumps, propellers and impellers.
Non-inertial cavitation is the process in which a bubble in a fluid is forced to oscillate in size or shape due to some form of energy input, such as an acoustic field. Such cavitation is often employed in ultrasonic cleaning baths and can also be observed in pumps, propellers, etc.
Since the shock waves formed by collapse of the voids are strong enough to cause significant damage to moving parts, cavitation is usually an undesirable phenomenon. It is very often specifically avoided in the design of machines such as turbines or propellers, and eliminating cavitation is a major field in the study of fluid dynamics. However, it is sometimes useful and does not cause damage when the bubbles collapse away from machinery, such as in supercavitation.