Judiciary of France | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2018-12-05

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Judiciary of France


00:01:52 1 Glossary
00:09:48 2 Law
00:09:57 2.1 Procedural
00:10:33 2.2 Criminal
00:11:24 3 Organization
00:11:48 3.1 Ordinary
00:11:56 3.1.1 Minor jurisdiction
00:12:25 3.1.2 Major jurisdiction
00:13:16 3.1.3 Specialized jurisdiction
00:14:09 3.1.4 Court of Assize
00:14:44 3.1.5 Court of Appeal
00:15:26 3.1.6 Court of Cassation
00:16:36 3.2 Administrative
00:16:45 3.2.1 Administrative courts of general jurisdiction
00:16:55 3.2.1.1 Administrative court
00:17:03 3.2.1.2 Appellate administrative court
00:17:11 3.2.1.3 Council of State
00:17:19 3.2.2 Financial courts
00:18:03 3.2.3 Jurisdictional court
00:18:42 3.3 Constitutional Council
00:19:15 3.3.1 Jurisdiction
00:21:07 3.3.2 Activities
00:24:37 4 Bibliography
00:25:44 5 See also



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SUMMARY
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In France, career judges are considered civil servants exercising one of the sovereign powers of the state, so French citizens are eligible for judgeship, but also all citizens of one of the EU countries. France's independent court system enjoys special statutory protection from the executive branch. Procedures for the appointment, promotion, and removal of judges vary depending on whether it is for the ordinary ("judiciaire") or administrative stream. Judicial appointments in the judicial stream must be approved by a special panel, the High Council of the Judiciary. Once appointed, career judges serve for life and cannot be removed without specific disciplinary proceedings conducted before the Council with due process.
The Ministry of Justice handles the administration of courts and the judiciary, including paying salaries or constructing new courthouses. The Ministry also funds and administers the prison system. Lastly, it receives and processes applications for presidential pardons and proposes legislation dealing with matters of civil or criminal justice. The Minister of Justice is also the head of public prosecution, though this is controversial since it is seen to represent a conflict of interest in cases such as political corruption against politicians.
At the basic level, the courts can be seen as organized into:
ordinary courts (ordre judiciaire), which handle criminal and civil litigation
administrative courts (ordre administratif), which supervise the government and handle complaintsThe structure of the French judiciary is divided into three tiers:

Inferior courts of original and general jurisdiction
Intermediate appellate courts which hear cases on appeal from lower courts
Courts of last resort which hear appeals from lower appellate courts on the interpretation of law.There are exceptions to this scheme, as noted below.