X-ray | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2018-12-08

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
X-ray


00:00:54 1 History
00:01:03 1.1 Pre-Röntgen observations and research
00:04:37 1.2 Discovery by Röntgen
00:07:15 1.3 Advances in radiology
00:11:19 1.4 Hazards discovered
00:13:25 1.5 20th century and beyond
00:18:26 2 Energy ranges
00:18:35 2.1 Soft and hard X-rays
00:19:35 2.2 Gamma rays
00:21:11 3 Properties
00:22:59 4 Interaction with matter
00:23:41 4.1 Photoelectric absorption
00:25:07 4.2 Compton scattering
00:25:57 4.3 Rayleigh scattering
00:26:19 5 Production
00:26:36 5.1 Production by electrons
00:30:06 5.2 Production by fast positive ions
00:30:45 5.3 Production in lightning and laboratory discharges
00:31:52 6 Detectors
00:32:37 7 Medical uses
00:33:13 7.1 Projectional radiographs
00:36:09 7.2 Computed tomography
00:36:43 7.3 Fluoroscopy
00:37:34 7.4 Radiotherapy
00:38:07 8 Adverse effects
00:42:38 9 Other uses
00:45:44 10 Visibility
00:47:35 11 Units of measure and exposure
00:49:31 12 See also



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SUMMARY
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X-rays make up X-radiation, a form of electromagnetic radiation. Most X-rays have a wavelength ranging from 0.01 to 10 nanometers, corresponding to frequencies in the range 30 petahertz to 30 exahertz (3×1016 Hz to 3×1019 Hz) and energies in the range 100 eV to 100 keV. X-ray wavelengths are shorter than those of UV rays and typically longer than those of gamma rays. In many languages, X-radiation is referred to with terms meaning Röntgen radiation, after the German scientist Wilhelm Röntgen who discovered these on November 8, 1895, who usually is credited as its discoverer, and who named it X-radiation to signify an unknown type of radiation. Spelling of X-ray(s) in the English language includes the variants x-ray(s), xray(s), and X ray(s).