Preventive healthcare | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-06-27

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preventive_healthcare


00:02:45 1 Levels of prevention
00:03:52 1.1 Primal and primordial prevention
00:04:58 1.2 Primary prevention
00:08:00 1.3 Secondary prevention
00:09:13 1.4 Tertiary prevention
00:10:08 2 Leading causes of preventable death
00:10:18 2.1 United States
00:10:44 2.2 Worldwide
00:11:09 3 Child mortality
00:12:49 4 Preventive methods
00:12:58 4.1 Obesity
00:14:42 4.2 Sexually transmitted infections
00:15:51 4.3 Malaria prevention using Genetic modification
00:16:13 4.4 Thrombosis
00:16:43 4.5 Cancer
00:17:22 4.5.1 Lung cancer
00:20:33 4.5.2 Skin cancer
00:22:51 4.5.3 Cervical cancer
00:24:33 4.5.4 Colorectal cancer
00:25:23 5 Health disparities and barriers to accessing care
00:27:32 6 Economics of lifestyle-based prevention
00:31:07 7 Effectiveness



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SUMMARY
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Preventive healthcare (alternatively preventive medicine, preventative healthcare/medicine, or prophylaxis) consists of measures taken for disease prevention. Just as health comprises a variety of physical and mental states, so do disease and disability, which are affected by environmental factors, genetic predisposition, disease agents, and lifestyle choices. Health, disease, and disability are dynamic processes which begin before individuals realize they are affected. Disease prevention relies on anticipatory actions that can be categorized as primal, primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention.
Each year, millions of people die of preventable deaths. A 2004 study showed that about half of all deaths in the United States in 2000 were due to preventable behaviors and exposures. Leading causes included cardiovascular disease, chronic respiratory disease, unintentional injuries, diabetes, and certain infectious diseases. This same study estimates that 400,000 people die each year in the United States due to poor diet and a sedentary lifestyle. According to estimates made by the World Health Organization (WHO), about 55 million people died worldwide in 2011, two thirds of this group from non-communicable diseases, including cancer, diabetes, and chronic cardiovascular and lung diseases. This is an increase from the year 2000, during which 60% of deaths were attributed to these diseases. Preventive healthcare is especially important given the worldwide rise in prevalence of chronic diseases and deaths from these diseases.
There are many methods for prevention of disease. It is recommended that adults and children aim to visit their doctor for regular check-ups, even if they feel healthy, to perform disease screening, identify risk factors for disease, discuss tips for a healthy and balanced lifestyle, stay up to date with immunizations and boosters, and maintain a good relationship with a healthcare provider. Some common disease screenings include checking for hypertension (high blood pressure), hyperglycemia (high blood sugar, a risk factor for diabetes mellitus), hypercholesterolemia (high blood cholesterol), screening for colon cancer, depression, HIV and other common types of sexually transmitted disease such as chlamydia, syphilis, and gonorrhea, mammography (to screen for breast cancer), colorectal cancer screening, a Pap test (to check for cervical cancer), and screening for osteoporosis. Genetic testing can also be performed to screen for mutations that cause genetic disorders or predisposition to certain diseases such as breast or ovarian cancer. However, these measures are not affordable for every individual and the cost effectiveness of preventive healthcare is still a topic of debate.