Environment-IIlecturewaste stabilization ponds/11-27-2022/
Channel: learning Civil Engineering (Engr,Qazi Mudasser)
Date: 2022-11-27

Environment-IIlecturewaste stabilization ponds
Topics
1.Anaerobic pond 
2.Facultative ponds
3.Maturation ponds
With
examples 

Hey everyone. Hope you guys are well. Today's video Title is " Stabilization Ponds (Oxidation Ponds)". Please watch the full video for a better understanding. If you are new in this channel don't forget to Like, Comment, Share and Subscribe this channel. 

#Environmental_Engineering
#Wastewater
#Safwat_Mahmoud

The simplest biological systems available for the treatment of wastewater, more particularly when high quality effluent is not required and when a large area of land is available for such treatment system.

Wastewater treatment ponds can be classified based on their depth and the biological reactions that occur in the pond.

There are three main types of ponds, (1) anaerobic, (2) facultative and (3) maturation, each with different treatment and design characteristics. 

The ponds are generally constructed in earthwork with relatively very small depths as compared to their large surface areas.

The ponds can be used individually, or linked in a series for improved treatment. 


For the most effective treatment, WSPs should be linked in a series of three or more with effluent flowing from the anaerobic pond to the facultative pond and, finally, to the maturation pond. 



1- Anaerobic Ponds
- These ponds are generally 2.5 – 5.0 m deep in which anaerobic conditions prevail throughout the pond depth except for a surface zone of few centimeters.
- Formation of scum at the surface of the pond helps in reducing the possibility of entering of oxygen inside the ponds. 
- Stabilization of organic solids involves precipitation and decomposition of organic matter through anaerobic bacteria into CO2, H2S, and CH4.
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2- Facultative Ponds
- These ponds are generally 1.5 – 2 m deep and three zones exist throughout the pond depth: Aerobic zone at the surface, Anaerobic zone at the bottom, and Facultative zone at the mid depth of the pond.
- The soluble organic matter in upper top and intermediate layers are decomposed (oxidized) under aerobic and facultative conditions by the microorganisms (predominantly bacteria) present in the waste.
- The required oxygen is supplied by the photosynthetic metabolism of algae present and synthesized in the pond. 
- The solids settled at the bottom of ponds are decomposed to stable end products by anaerobic bacteria.
- Because photosynthesis is driven by sunlight, the dissolved oxygen levels are highest during the day and drop off at night. 


3- Maturation Ponds
- These ponds are generally 1 – 1.5 m deep (for mixing and sunlight penetration) and are normally designed for 3 – 10 days of hydraulic retention time. 
- They are generally used after facultative ponds with the prime objective of destructing the pathogenic organisms (eg: e-coli).  
- The rate of bacterial die-off will be greatest in a plug-flow. As it is extremely difficult to achieve a plug-flow in stabilization ponds the best practical removal of bacteria is brought about by the normal set of three or four ponds in series.

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