Theravada | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-01-09

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theravada


00:01:37 1 Ambiguity
00:02:44 2 History
00:02:53 2.1 Origins
00:05:53 2.2 Transmission to Sri Lanka
00:09:19 2.2.1 Development of the Pali textual tradition
00:12:35 2.2.2 Sri Lankan Theravāda sects
00:14:31 2.2.3 Mahāyāna influence
00:16:45 2.2.4 Reign of Parakramabahu I
00:19:42 2.3 Spread to Southeast Asia
00:20:43 2.3.1 Myanmar
00:22:51 2.3.2 Cambodia and Thailand
00:25:19 2.4 Tantric and esoteric innovations
00:27:05 2.5 Modernisation and spread to the West
00:28:15 2.5.1 Reaction against Western colonialism
00:30:24 2.5.2 Sri Lanka
00:32:08 2.5.3 Myanmar
00:35:04 2.5.4 Thailand and Cambodia
00:37:36 2.5.5 Modern developments
00:39:56 3 Texts
00:40:05 3.1 Pali Canon
00:42:53 3.2 iVinaya/i (monastic discipline) and iAbhidhamma/i
00:45:40 3.3 Non-canonical literature
00:48:11 4 Study (ipariyatti/i)
00:49:15 4.1 Core doctrines
00:50:25 4.2 Dhamma theory
00:51:21 4.2.1 Characteristics
00:55:58 4.2.2 Classification of dhammas
00:57:55 4.3 Two truths
01:03:04 4.4 Doctrinal differences with other Buddhist schools
01:03:45 4.4.1 View of the Arhat
01:04:33 4.4.2 View of the Buddha
01:05:11 4.4.3 Insight is sudden and perfect
01:05:59 4.4.4 Philosophy of time
01:07:26 4.4.5 Rebirth and Bhavanga
01:08:34 4.4.6 Rupa (the physical)
01:11:38 4.5 Modern trends
01:13:49 5 Practice (ipaṭipatti/i)
01:14:00 5.1 Textual basis
01:17:09 5.2 Moral conduct
01:20:03 5.3 Meditation
01:20:23 5.3.1 Re-invention
01:22:48 5.3.2 Techniques - isamatha/i and ivipassana/i
01:27:39 5.3.3 Aims of meditation
01:28:41 5.3.4 Four stages of enlightenment
01:29:40 5.3.5 Nirvana
01:31:33 5.4 Other practices
01:33:28 6 Lay and monastic life
01:33:39 6.1 Distinction between lay and monastic life
01:38:29 6.2 Lay devotee
01:41:55 6.3 Monastic vocation
01:45:03 6.4 Ordination
01:49:59 6.5 Monastic practices
01:53:19 6.6 Bhikkunis
01:59:49 6.7 Monastic orders within Theravāda
02:02:27 7 Festivals and customs
02:02:49 8 Demographics
02:04:53 9 See also



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SUMMARY
=======
Theravāda (; Pāli, lit. "School of the Elders") is the most ancient branch of extant Buddhism today, and the one that preserved their version of the teachings of Gautama Buddha in the Pāli Canon. The Pāli Canon is the only complete Buddhist canon which survives in a classical Indian language, Pāli, which serves as both sacred language and lingua franca of Theravāda Buddhism. For more than a millennium, Theravāda has focused on preserving the dhamma as preserved in its texts, and it tends to be very conservative with regard to matters of doctrine and monastic discipline. Since the 19th century, meditation practice has been re-introduced, and has become popular with a lay audience, both in traditional Theravada countries and in the west.As a distinct school of early Buddhism, Theravāda Buddhism developed in Sri Lanka and subsequently spread to the rest of Southeast Asia. It is the dominant form of religion in Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, and Thailand, and is practiced by minority groups in India, Bangladesh, China, Nepal, and Vietnam. In addition, the diaspora of all of these groups as well as converts around the world practice Theravāda Buddhism. Contemporary expressions include Buddhist modernism, the Vipassana movement, and the Thai Forest Tradition.