Anemia | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-10-04

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anemia


00:03:10 1 Signs and symptoms
00:05:23 2 Causes
00:06:01 2.1 Impaired production
00:08:08 2.2 Increased destruction
00:10:39 2.3 Blood loss
00:12:15 2.4 Fluid overload
00:12:50 2.5 Intestinal inflammation
00:13:38 3 Diagnosis
00:13:47 3.1 Definitions
00:15:25 3.2 Testing
00:18:22 3.3 Red blood cell size
00:19:47 3.4 Production vs. destruction or loss
00:21:35 3.4.1 Microcytic
00:24:04 3.4.2 Macrocytic
00:27:09 3.4.3 Normocytic
00:27:28 3.4.4 Dimorphic
00:28:48 3.4.5 Heinz body anemia
00:29:37 3.5 Hyperanemia
00:29:53 3.6 Refractory anemia
00:30:21 3.7 Transfusion dependent
00:30:56 4 Treatment
00:31:19 4.1 Oral iron
00:32:48 4.2 Injectable iron
00:33:32 4.3 Blood transfusions
00:34:14 4.4 Erythropoiesis-stimulating agents
00:34:54 4.5 Hyperbaric oxygen
00:35:49 5 Epidemiology
00:36:21 6 History



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SUMMARY
=======
Anemia (also spelled anaemia) is a decrease in the total amount of red blood cells (RBCs) or hemoglobin in the blood, or a lowered ability of the blood to carry oxygen. When anemia comes on slowly, the symptoms are often vague and may include feeling tired, weakness, shortness of breath, and a poor ability to exercise. When the anemia comes on quickly, symptoms may include confusion, feeling like one is going to pass out, loss of consciousness, and increased thirst. Anemia must be significant before a person becomes noticeably pale. Additional symptoms may occur depending on the underlying cause.Anemia can be caused by blood loss, decreased red blood cell production, and increased red blood cell breakdown. Causes of blood loss include trauma and gastrointestinal bleeding. Causes of decreased production include iron deficiency, vitamin B12 deficiency, thalassemia, and a number of neoplasms of the bone marrow. Causes of increased breakdown include genetic conditions such as sickle cell anemia, infections such as malaria, and certain autoimmune diseases. Anemia can also be classified based on the size of the red blood cells and amount of hemoglobin in each cell. If the cells are small, it is called microcytic anemia; if they are large, it is called macrocytic anemia; and if they are normal sized, it is called normocytic anemia. The diagnosis of anemia in men is based on a hemoglobin of less than 130 to 140 g/L (13 to 14 g/dL); in women, it is less than 120 to 130 g/L (12 to 13 g/dL). Further testing is then required to determine the cause.Certain groups of individuals, such as pregnant women, benefit from the use of iron pills for prevention. Dietary supplementation, without determining the specific cause, is not recommended. The use of blood transfusions is typically based on a person's signs and symptoms. In those without symptoms, they are not recommended unless hemoglobin levels are less than 60 to 80 g/L (6 to 8 g/dL). These recommendations may also apply to some people with acute bleeding. Erythropoiesis-stimulating medications are only recommended in those with severe anemia.Anemia is the most common blood disorder, affecting about a third of the global population. Iron-deficiency anemia affects nearly 1 billion people. In 2013, anemia due to iron deficiency resulted in about 183,000 deaths – down from 213,000 deaths in 1990. It is more common in women than men, during pregnancy, and in children and the elderly. Anemia increases costs of medical care and lowers a person's productivity through a decreased ability to work. The name is derived from Ancient Greek: ἀναιμία anaimia, meaning "lack of blood", from ἀν- an-, "not" and αἷμα haima, "blood".