Neville Chamberlain | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2018-12-05

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Neville Chamberlain


00:03:09 1 Early life and political career (1869–1918)
00:03:22 1.1 Childhood and businessman
00:05:22 1.2 Entry into politics
00:07:53 2 MP and Minister (1919–1937)
00:08:05 2.1 Rise from the backbench
00:11:56 2.2 Opposition and second term as Chancellor
00:17:09 3 Premiership (1937–1940)
00:19:27 3.1 Domestic policy
00:20:50 3.2 Relations with Ireland
00:23:37 3.3 European policy
00:23:46 3.3.1 Early days (May 1937 – March 1938)
00:26:40 3.3.2 Road to Munich (March 1938 – September 1938)
00:31:24 3.3.3 September 1938: Munich
00:31:34 3.3.3.1 Preliminary meetings
00:36:14 3.3.3.2 Munich conference
00:39:31 3.3.3.3 Aftermath and reception
00:43:13 3.4 Path to war (October 1938 – August 1939)
00:49:59 3.5 War leader (1939–1940)
00:50:10 3.5.1 Declaration of war
00:53:51 3.5.2 "Phoney War"
00:56:01 3.5.3 Downfall
01:00:27 4 Lord President of the Council and death
01:08:34 5 Legacy and reputation
01:15:34 6 Titles, styles, honours and arms
01:15:45 6.1 Titles and Styles
01:16:24 6.2 Honours
01:16:54 6.3 Freedoms
01:17:14 6.4 Arms
01:17:26 6.5 Honorary Military Appointments
01:17:44 7 Parliamentary election results
01:17:54 8 Notes



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SUMMARY
=======
Arthur Neville Chamberlain  (; 18 March 1869 – 9 November 1940) was a British statesman of the Conservative Party who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from May 1937 to May 1940. Chamberlain is best known for his foreign policy of appeasement, and in particular for his signing of the Munich Agreement in 1938, conceding the German-speaking Sudetenland region of Czechoslovakia to Germany. When Adolf Hitler invaded Poland, the UK declared war on Germany on 3 September 1939, and Chamberlain led Britain through the first eight months of the Second World War.
After working in business and local government, and after a short spell as Director of National Service in 1916 and 1917, Chamberlain followed his father, Joseph Chamberlain, and older half-brother, Austen Chamberlain, in becoming a Member of Parliament in the 1918 general election at the age of 49. He declined a junior ministerial position, remaining a backbencher until 1922. He was rapidly promoted in 1923 to Minister of Health and then Chancellor of the Exchequer. After a short-lived Labour-led government, he returned as Minister of Health, introducing a range of reform measures from 1924 to 1929. He was appointed Chancellor of the Exchequer in the National Government in 1931.
When Stanley Baldwin retired in May 1937, Chamberlain took his place as Prime Minister. His premiership was dominated by the question of policy towards an increasingly aggressive Germany, and his actions at Munich were widely popular among the British at the time. When Hitler continued his aggression, Chamberlain pledged Britain to defend Poland's independence if the latter were attacked, an alliance that brought his country into war when Germany invaded Poland in 1939. Chamberlain resigned the premiership on 10 May 1940 as the Allies were being forced to retreat from Norway, as he believed that a government supported by all parties was essential, and the Labour and Liberal parties would not join a government headed by him. He was succeeded by Winston Churchill but remained very well-regarded in Parliament, especially among Conservatives. Before ill-health forced him to resign, he was an important member of Churchill's War Cabinet as Lord President of the Council, heading the Cabinet in the new premier's absence. Chamberlain died of cancer six months after leaving the premiership.
Chamberlain's reputation remains controversial among historians, with the initial high regard for him being entirely eroded by books such as Guilty Men, published in July 1940, which blamed Chamberlain and his associates for the Munich accord and for allegedly failing to prepare the country for war. Most historians in the generation following Chamberlain's death held similar views, which were led by ...