Chess | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-05-07

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chess


00:04:08 1 Rules
00:04:42 1.1 Setup
00:05:53 1.2 Movement
00:08:58 1.3 Castling
00:09:56 1.4 iEn passant/i
00:10:42 1.5 Promotion
00:11:30 1.6 Check
00:12:45 1.7 End of the game
00:12:53 1.7.1 Win
00:14:21 1.7.2 Draw
00:17:56 1.8 Time control
00:19:11 2 History
00:19:20 2.1 Predecessors
00:22:23 2.2 1200–1700: Origins of the modern game
00:24:15 2.3 1700–1873: The Romantic Era in chess
00:28:14 2.4 1873–1945: Birth of a sport
00:31:14 2.5 1945–present: Post-World War II era
00:37:00 3 Place in culture
00:37:10 3.1 Pre-modern
00:40:47 3.2 Modern
00:43:49 4 Prohibition in Islam
00:45:11 5 Notation for recording moves
00:51:40 6 Stages
00:51:49 6.1 Opening
00:54:01 6.2 Middlegame
00:56:16 6.3 Endgame
00:58:16 7 Strategy and tactics
00:59:14 7.1 Fundamentals of tactics
01:01:01 7.2 Fundamentals of strategy
01:03:31 8 Competitive play
01:03:40 8.1 Organization of competitions
01:05:59 8.2 Titles and rankings
01:09:57 9 Composition
01:11:13 9.1 Example
01:12:26 10 Publications
01:13:53 11 Mathematics and computers
01:14:17 11.1 Combinatorics of chess and chess puzzles
01:15:13 11.2 Computer chess
01:18:51 11.3 Relation to game theory
01:20:14 11.4 Computational complexity
01:20:33 11.5 Combinatorial game theory
01:20:52 12 Psychology
01:23:18 12.1 Chess and intelligence
01:24:28 13 Variants
01:24:45 14 See also
01:25:00 15 Notes
01:27:00 16 References



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SUMMARY
=======
Chess is a two-player strategy board game played on a checkered board with 64 squares arranged in an 8×8 grid. The game is played by millions of people worldwide. Chess is believed to be derived from the Indian game chaturanga sometime before the 7th century. Chaturanga is also the likely ancestor of the Eastern strategy games xiangqi, janggi, and shogi. Chess reached Europe by the 9th century, due to the Umayyad conquest of Hispania.  The pieces assumed their current powers in Spain in the late 15th century; the modern rules were standardized in the 19th century.
Play involves no hidden information. Each player begins with 16 pieces: one king, one queen, two rooks, two knights, two bishops, and eight pawns. Each piece type moves differently, with the most powerful being the queen and the least powerful the pawn. The objective is to checkmate the opponent's king by placing it under an inescapable threat of capture. To this end, a player's pieces are used to attack and capture the opponent's pieces, while supporting each other. During the game, play typically involves exchanging pieces for the opponent's similar pieces, and finding and engineering opportunities to trade advantageously or to get a better position. In addition to checkmate, a player wins the game if the opponent resigns, or (in a timed game) runs out of time.  There are also several ways that a game can end in a draw.
The first generally recognized World Chess Champion, Wilhelm Steinitz, claimed his title in 1886. Since 1948, the World Championship has been regulated by the Fédération Internationale des Échecs (FIDE), the game's international governing body. FIDE also awards life-time master titles to skilled players, the highest of which is Grandmaster (GM). Many national chess organizations have a title system of their own. FIDE also organizes the Women's World Championship, the World Junior Championship, the World Senior Championship, the Blitz and Rapid World Championships, and the Chess Olympiad, a popular competition among international teams. FIDE is a member of the International Olympic Committee, which can be considered as a recognition of chess as a sport. Several national sporting bodies (e.g. the Spanish Consejo Superior de Deportes) also recognize chess as a sport. Chess was included in the 2006 and 2010 Asian Games. There is also a Correspondence Ches ...