Axis occupation of Greece during World War II | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-05-16

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axis_occupation_of_Greece


00:05:05 1 Fall of Greece
00:08:25 2 The Triple Occupation
00:11:36 2.1 The German occupation zone
00:11:46 2.1.1 Economic exploitation and the Great Famine
00:17:06 2.1.2 Regional level policies
00:18:41 2.1.3 Axis atrocities
00:22:35 2.2 The Italian occupation zone
00:29:17 2.3 The Bulgarian occupation zone
00:34:54 2.3.1 Bulgarian activities in German-occupied Macedonia
00:37:03 2.3.2 Bulgarian withdrawal
00:39:15 3 Collaboration
00:39:25 3.1 Government
00:42:26 3.2 Civil administration and armed groups
00:44:42 4 Resistance
00:44:51 4.1 Outbreak of the resistance
00:47:42 4.2 Major resistance groups
00:51:36 4.3 Developments and signs of civil war
00:57:59 4.4 Final months of Axis occupation
01:00:10 5 The Holocaust in Greece
01:03:41 5.1 In the German zone
01:11:08 5.2 In the Italian zone
01:13:26 5.3 In the Bulgarian zone
01:14:28 6 Liberation and aftermath
01:19:58 7 Influence in post-war culture
01:21:09 8 Notable personalities
01:26:34 9 See also



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SUMMARY
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The occupation of Greece by the Axis Powers (Greek: Η Κατοχή, I Katochi, meaning "The Occupation") began in April 1941 after Nazi Germany invaded Greece to assist its ally, Fascist Italy, which had been at war with Allied Greece since October 1940. Following the conquest of Crete, all of Greece was occupied by June 1941. The occupation in the mainland lasted until Germany and its ally Bulgaria were forced to withdraw under Allied pressure in early October 1944. However, German garrisons remained in control of Crete and some other Aegean islands until after the end of World War II in Europe, surrendering these islands in May and June 1945.
Fascist Italy had initially declared war and invaded Greece in October 1940, but the Hellenic Army initially managed to push back the invading forces into neighboring Albania, then an Italian protectorate. Nazi Germany intervened on its ally's behalf in southern Europe. While most of the Hellenic Army was dislocated on the Albanian front to fend off the relentless Italian counter-attacks, a rapid German Blitzkrieg campaign commenced in April 1941, and by June (with the conquest of Crete) Greece was defeated and occupied. As result, the Greek government went into exile, and an Axis collaborationist puppet government was established in the country. Furthermore, Greece's territory was divided into occupation zones run by the Axis powers, with the Germans proceeding to administer the most important regions of the country themselves, including Athens, Thessaloniki and the most strategic Aegean Islands. Other regions of the country were given to Germany's partners, Italy and Bulgaria.
The occupation ruined the Greek economy and brought about terrible hardships for the Greek civilian population. Much of Greece was subjected to enormous destruction of its industry (80% of which was destroyed), infrastructure (28% destroyed), ports, roads, railways and bridges (90%), forests and other natural resources (25%) and loss of civilian life (7.02% – 11.17% of its citizens). Over 40,000 civilians died in Athens alone from starvation, tens of thousands more died because of reprisals by Nazis and collaborators.The Jewish population of Greece was nearly eradicated. Of its pre-war population of 75-77,000, only around 11-12,000 survived, either by joining the resistance or being hidden. Most of those who died were deported to Auschwitz, while those in Thrace, under Bulgarian occupation, were sent to Treblinka. The Italians did not deport Jews living in territory they controlled, but when the Germans took over, Jews living there were also deported.
At the same time the Greek Resistance was formed. These resistance groups launched guerrilla attacks against the occupying powers, fought agains ...