Effect of spaceflight on the body | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 31/12/2018

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Effect_of_spaceflight_on_the_human_body


00:01:45 1 Physiological effects
00:03:49 1.1 Research
00:04:32 1.2 Ascent and reentry
00:05:29 1.3 Space environments
00:07:11 1.3.1 Vacuum
00:11:59 1.3.2 Temperature
00:13:01 1.3.3 Radiation
00:17:04 1.4 Weightlessness
00:19:44 1.4.1 Motion sickness
00:22:56 1.4.2 Bone and muscle deterioration
00:28:57 1.4.3 Fluid redistribution
00:31:25 1.4.4 Disruption of senses
00:31:34 1.4.4.1 Vision
00:33:35 1.4.4.2 Taste
00:34:30 1.4.5 Additional physiological effects
00:35:51 2 Psychological effects
00:36:01 2.1 Research
00:36:32 2.2 Stress
00:37:53 2.3 Sleep
00:39:32 2.4 Duration of space travel
00:40:51 3 Future use



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SUMMARY
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Venturing into the environment of space can have negative effects on the human body. Significant adverse effects of long-term weightlessness include muscle atrophy and deterioration of the skeleton (spaceflight osteopenia). Other significant effects include a slowing of cardiovascular system functions, decreased production of red blood cells, balance disorders, eyesight disorders and a weakening of the immune system. Additional symptoms include fluid redistribution (causing the "moon-face" appearance typical in pictures of astronauts experiencing weightlessness), loss of body mass, nasal congestion, sleep disturbance, and excess flatulence. 
The engineering problems associated with leaving Earth and developing space propulsion systems have been examined for over a century, and millions of man-hours of research have been spent on them. In recent years there has been an increase in research on the issue of how humans can survive and work in space for extended and possibly indefinite periods of time. This question requires input from the physical and biological sciences and has now become the greatest challenge (other than funding) facing human space exploration. A fundamental step in overcoming this challenge is trying to understand the effects and impact of long-term space travel on the human body.
In October 2015, the NASA Office of Inspector General issued a health hazards report related to space exploration, including a human mission to Mars.