Fischer–Tropsch process | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-10-02

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fischer%E2%80%93Tropsch_process


00:01:26 1 Reaction mechanism
00:02:06 1.1 Fischer–Tropsch intermediates and elemental reactions
00:02:27 2 Feedstocks: gasification
00:05:17 2.1 Feedstocks: GTL
00:06:25 2.2 Process conditions
00:07:57 2.3 Design of the Fischer–Tropsch process reactor
00:09:26 2.3.1 Multi tubular fixed-bed reactor
00:09:51 2.3.2 Entrained flow reactor
00:10:42 2.3.3 Slurry reactors
00:11:27 2.3.4 Fluid-bed and circulating catalyst (riser) reactors
00:12:18 2.4 Product distribution
00:15:36 2.5 Catalysts
00:17:09 2.5.1 Cobalt
00:17:35 2.5.2 Iron
00:20:00 2.5.3 Ruthenium
00:22:49 2.6 HTFT and LTFT
00:24:26 3 History
00:25:16 4 Commercialization
00:26:48 4.1 Ras Laffan, Qatar
00:26:58 4.2 Sasol
00:28:06 4.3 PetroSA
00:28:48 4.4 Shell middle distillate synthesis
00:29:20 4.5 Velocys
00:29:52 4.6 UPM (Finland)
00:30:34 4.7 Rentech
00:31:06 4.8 INFRA GTL Technology
00:32:00 4.9 Other
00:33:43 5 Research developments
00:34:16 5.1 U.S. Air Force certification
00:34:54 5.2 Carbon dioxide reuse
00:37:24 6 Process efficiency
00:38:11 7 Fischer–Tropsch in nature
00:38:43 8 See also



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SUMMARY
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The Fischer–Tropsch process is a collection of chemical reactions that converts a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen into liquid hydrocarbons. These reactions occur in the presence of metal catalysts, typically at temperatures of 150–300 °C (302–572 °F) and pressures of one to several tens of atmospheres. The process was first developed by Franz Fischer and Hans Tropsch at the Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut für Kohlenforschung in Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany, in 1925.As a premier example of C1 chemistry, the Fischer–Tropsch process is an important reaction in both coal liquefaction and gas to liquids technology for producing liquid hydrocarbons. In the usual implementation, carbon monoxide and hydrogen, the feedstocks for FT, are produced from coal, natural gas, or biomass in a process known as gasification. The Fischer–Tropsch process then converts these gases into a synthetic lubrication oil and synthetic fuel. The Fischer–Tropsch process has received intermittent attention as a source of low-sulfur diesel fuel and to address the supply or cost of petroleum-derived hydrocarbons.