Distillation | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-03-17

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distillation


00:02:07 1 History
00:08:28 2 Applications of distillation
00:10:17 3 Idealized distillation model
00:14:41 3.1 Batch or differential distillation
00:16:37 3.2 Continuous distillation
00:18:41 3.3 General improvements
00:19:57 4 Laboratory scale distillation
00:20:42 4.1 Simple distillation
00:21:36 4.2 Fractional distillation
00:23:19 4.3 Steam distillation
00:24:30 4.4 Vacuum distillation
00:26:28 4.5 Air-sensitive vacuum distillation
00:28:03 4.6 Short path distillation
00:29:14 4.7 Zone distillation
00:30:38 4.8 Other types
00:35:45 5 Azeotropic distillation
00:38:44 5.1 Breaking an azeotrope with unidirectional pressure manipulation
00:40:31 5.2 Pressure-swing distillation
00:41:21 6 Industrial distillation
00:48:45 6.1 Multi-effect distillation
00:50:03 7 Distillation in food processing
00:50:14 7.1 Distilled beverages
00:50:59 8 Gallery
00:51:08 9 See also



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SUMMARY
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Distillation is the process of separating the components or substances from a liquid mixture by using selective boiling and condensation. Distillation may result in essentially complete separation (nearly pure components), or it may be a partial separation that increases the concentration of selected components in the mixture. In either case, the process exploits differences in the volatility of the mixture's components. In industrial chemistry, distillation is a unit operation of practically universal importance, but it is a physical separation process, not a chemical reaction.
Distillation has many applications. For example:

Distillation of fermented products produces distilled beverages with a high alcohol content or separates out other fermentation products of commercial value.
Distillation is an effective and traditional method of desalination.
In the fossil fuel industry, oil stabilization is a form of partial distillation that reduces vapor pressure of crude oil, thereby making it safe for storage and transport as well as reducing the atmospheric emissions of volatile hydrocarbons. In midstream operations at oil refineries, distillation is a major class of operation for transforming crude oil into fuels and chemical feed stocks.
Cryogenic distillation leads to the separation of air into its components – notably oxygen, nitrogen, and argon – for industrial use.
In the field of industrial chemistry, large amounts of crude liquid products of chemical synthesis are distilled to separate them, either from other products, from impurities, or from unreacted starting materials.An installation used for distillation, especially of distilled beverages, is called a distillery. The distillation equipment at a distillery is a still.