Islamic metaphysics | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-05-05

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_philosophy


00:01:50 1 Introduction
00:03:48 2 Formative influences
00:04:24 3 Opposition to philosophy
00:06:54 4 Early Islamic philosophy
00:07:44 4.1 iKalam/i
00:09:20 4.2 iFalsafa/i
00:10:28 4.3 End of the classical period
00:12:15 5 Logic
00:14:47 5.1 Logic in Islamic law and theology
00:16:09 5.2 Aristotelian logic
00:17:08 5.3 Avicennian logic
00:19:45 6 Metaphysics
00:19:54 6.1 Cosmological and ontological arguments
00:20:47 6.2 Distinction between essence and existence
00:23:05 6.3 Resurrection
00:23:51 6.4 Soul and spirit
00:25:10 6.5 Thought experiments
00:26:23 6.6 Time
00:27:16 6.7 Truth
00:30:01 6.8 Free will and Predestination
00:31:06 7 Natural philosophy
00:31:15 7.1 Atomism
00:33:04 7.2 Cosmology
00:35:52 7.3 Evolution
00:36:01 7.3.1 Struggle for existence
00:39:53 7.3.2 Transmutation of species
00:44:02 7.4 Phenomenology of Vision
00:44:41 7.5 Philosophy of mind
00:45:15 7.6 Place and space
00:47:58 8 Philosophy of education
00:49:00 8.1 Primary education
00:49:30 8.2 Secondary education
00:50:22 9 Philosophy of science
00:50:31 9.1 Scientific method
00:56:11 9.2 Experimental medicine
00:57:56 9.3 Peer review
00:58:50 10 Other fields
00:58:59 10.1 Epistemology
01:00:18 10.2 Eschatology
01:01:40 10.3 Legal philosophy
01:02:37 10.4 Philosophical novels
01:06:00 10.5 Political philosophy
01:08:12 10.6 Philosophy of history
01:09:51 10.7 Philosophy of religion
01:10:17 10.8 Social philosophy
01:11:10 10.9 Judeo-Islamic philosophies
01:15:11 11 Later Islamic philosophy
01:17:17 11.1 Illuminationist school
01:18:06 11.2 Transcendent school
01:19:59 11.3 Contemporary Islamic philosophy
01:25:16 12 Criticism
01:28:09 13 See also
01:28:41 14 Notes and references
01:28:52 15 Bibliography
01:30:38 16 External links



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"I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think."
- Socrates


SUMMARY
=======
Two terms traditionally used in the Islamic world are sometimes translated as philosophy—falsafa (literally: "philosophy"), which refers to philosophy as well as logic, mathematics, and physics; and Kalam (literally "speech"), which refers to a rationalist form of Islamic theology. 
Early Islamic philosophy began with al-Kindi in the 2nd century of the Islamic calendar (early  9th century CE) and ended with Averroes (Ibn Rushd) in the 6th century AH (late  12th century CE), broadly coinciding with the period known as the Golden Age of Islam. The death of Averroes effectively marked the end of a particular discipline of Islamic philosophy usually called the Peripatetic Arabic School, and philosophical activity declined significantly in Western Islamic countries such as Islamic Iberia and North Africa. 
Islamic philosophy persisted for much longer in Muslim Eastern countries, in particular Safavid Persia, Ottoman and Mughal Empires, where several schools of philosophy continued to flourish: Avicennism, Averroism, Illuminationist philosophy, Mystical philosophy, Transcendent theosophy, and Isfahan philosophy. Ibn Khaldun, in his Muqaddimah, made important contributions to the philosophy of history. Interest in Islamic philosophy revived during the Nahda ("Awakening") movement in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, and continues to the present day.
Islamic philosophy had a major impact in Christian Europe, where translation of Arabic philosophical texts into Latin "led to the transformation of almost all philosophical disciplines in the medieval Latin world", with a particularly strong influence of Muslim philosophers being felt in natural philosophy, psychology and metaphysics.