Physiognomy | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-03-26

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physiognomy


00:01:33 1 Ancient physiognomy
00:04:45 2 Middle Ages and Renaissance
00:06:12 3 Modern physiognomy
00:06:45 4 Thomas Browne
00:09:01 5 Lavater's critics
00:09:46 5.1 Period of popularity
00:17:25 6 Modern usage
00:18:30 7 Scientific validity
00:21:19 8 In media
00:21:38 9 Related disciplines



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"I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think."
- Socrates


SUMMARY
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Physiognomy (from the Greek φύσις physis meaning "nature" and gnomon meaning "judge" or "interpreter") is a practice of assessing a person's character or personality from their outer appearance—especially the face. It is often linked to racial and sexual stereotyping. The term can also refer to the general appearance of a person, object, or terrain without reference to its implied characteristics—as in the physiognomy of an individual plant (see plant life-form) or of a plant community (see vegetation).
Credence of such study has varied. The practice was well accepted by the ancient Greek philosophers, but fell into disrepute in the Middle Ages when practised by vagabonds and mountebanks. It was then revived and popularised by Johann Kaspar Lavater before falling from favour again in the late 19th century. Physiognomy as understood in the past meets the contemporary definition of a pseudoscience.Popular in the 19th century, it has been used as a basis for scientific racism, along with physical anthropology.No clear evidence indicates physiognomy works—but the rise of artificial intelligence and machine learning for facial recognition has brought a revival of interest, and some studies that suggest that facial appearances do "contain a kernel of truth" about a person's personality.Physiognomy is also sometimes referred to as anthroposcopy, though the expression was more common in the 19th century when the word originated.