CRANIAL NERVES | CNS | 12 PAIR OF CRANIAL NERVES | LOCATIONS & FUNCTION | HUMAN ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY
Channel: PHARMAROCKS THE WAY OF SUCCESS
Date: 2020-11-24

👨🏼‍🏫 CRANIAL NERVES
The cranial nerves are 12 pairs of nerves that can be seen on the ventral (bottom) surface of the brain. 
Some of these nerves bring information from the sense Organs to the brain; 
other cranial nerves control muscles; 
Other cranial nerves are connected to glands or internal organs such as the heart and lungs.

NERVOUS SYSTEM
The nervous system is a complex collection of nerves and specialized cells known as neurons that transmit signals between different parts of the body.
The nervous system is involved in receiving information about the environment around us (sensation) and generating responses to that information (motor responses). 

CLASSIFICATION OF NERVOUS SYSTEM
The nervous system is classified into the central and peripheral nervous system. 
The central nervous system (CNS) consists of the brain and spinal cord, leaving everything else in the peripheral nervous system (PNS).

CNS: THE BRAIN
CNS: SPINAL CORD & VERTEBRAL COLUMN

CNS: THE BRAIN
The brain is one of largest organs in the body with 100 billion neurons and 10-50 trillion neuroglia cells.
Four major parts of brain
Brain stem
Diencephalon
Cerebrum
cerebellum

CRANIAL NERVES
Cranial nerves are 12 pairs of nerves that connect your brain to different parts of your head, neck, and trunk. 
Each Cranial named for their function or structure.
Each nerve also has a corresponding Roman numeral between I and XII.

CRANIAL NERVES LIST
I. Olfactory nerve
II. Optic nerve
III. Oculomotor nerve
IV. Trochlear nerve
V. Trigeminal nerve
VI. Abducens nerve
VII. Facial nerve
VIII. Vestibulocochlear nerve
IX. Glossopharyngeal nerve
X. Vagus nerve
XI. Accessory nerve
XII. Hypoglossal nerve

CRANIAL NERVES FUNCTION
Their functions are usually categorized as being either sensory or motor.
Sensory nerves are involved with your senses, such as smell, hearing, and touch. 
Motor nerves control the movement and function of muscles or glands.

CRANIAL NERVES LOCATION
The cranial nerves consist of 12 paired nerves that arise from the brainstem. 
The olfactory and optic nerves arise from anterior portion of the brain called the cerebrum. 
The oculomotor and trochlear cranial nerves stem from the midbrain.

The trigeminal, abducens, and facial nerves arise in the pons. 
The vestibulocochlear nerve arises in the inner ears and goes to the pons. 
The glossopharyngeal, vagus, accessory and hypoglossal nerves are attached to the medulla oblongata.

SENSORY CRANIAL NERVES
There are three sensory cranial nerves: 
Olfactory (I)
Optic (II), and 
Vestibulocochlear (VIII).
These cranial nerves are responsible for our senses of smell, vision, hearing, and equilibrium

MOTOR CRANIAL NERVES
Motor cranial nerves include 
oculomotor (III)
trochlear (IV), abducens (VI), accessory (XI), and hypoglossal (XII) nerves. 
Cranial nerves III, IV, and VI control eye movement, with the oculomotor nerve controlling pupil constriction

MIXED CRANIAL NERVES
Mixed nerves have both sensory and motor function. 
Mixed cranial nerves include the trigeminal (V), facial (VII), glossopharyngeal (IX), and vagus (X) nerves
The trigeminal nerve is the largest cranial nerve and is involved in facial sensation, chewing, and corneal reflex. 

Glossopharyngeal (IX) nerve plays a role in swallowing, sense of taste, and saliva secretion. 
The vagus (X) nerve is involved in smooth muscle sensory and motor control in the throat, lungs, heart, and digestive system


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#brain
#nervoussystem
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#anatomy
#neurons