Feudal | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2018-12-07

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Feudal


00:01:19 1 Definition
00:03:42 2 Etymology
00:07:50 3 History
00:08:41 3.1 Classic feudalism
00:09:38 3.2 Vassalage
00:11:37 3.3 The "Feudal Revolution" in France
00:13:33 3.4 End of European feudalism (1500–1850s)
00:15:34 4 Feudal society
00:16:14 5 Historiography
00:16:43 5.1 Evolution of the concept
00:18:29 5.2 Karl Marx
00:19:54 5.3 Later studies
00:23:33 5.4 Challenges to the feudal model
00:25:44 6 See also



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SUMMARY
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Feudalism was a combination of legal and military customs in medieval Europe that flourished between the 9th and 15th centuries. Broadly defined, it was a way of structuring society around relationships derived from the holding of land in exchange for service or labour.
Although  derived from the Latin word feodum or feudum (fief), then in use, the term feudalism and the system it describes were not conceived of as a formal political system by the people living in the Middle Ages. In its classic definition, by François-Louis Ganshof (1944), feudalism describes a set of reciprocal legal and military obligations among the warrior nobility revolving around the three key concepts of lords, vassals and fiefs.A broader definition of feudalism, as described by Marc Bloch (1939), includes not only the obligations of the warrior nobility but also those of all three estates of the realm: the nobility, the clergy, and the peasantry bound by manorialism; this is sometimes referred to as a "feudal society". Since the publication of Elizabeth A. R. Brown's "The Tyranny of a Construct" (1974) and Susan Reynolds's Fiefs and Vassals (1994), there has been ongoing inconclusive discussion among medieval historians as to whether feudalism is a useful construct for understanding medieval society.