Botanical garden | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-06-27

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botanical_garden


00:02:58 1 Definitions
00:06:39 1.1 The botanical gardens network
00:08:45 2 Historical development
00:09:46 2.1 Precursors
00:10:04 2.1.1 Grand gardens of ancient history
00:11:59 2.1.2 Physic gardens
00:14:25 2.2 16th- and 17th-century European gardens
00:15:20 2.2.1 Origins in the Italian Renaissance
00:16:25 2.2.2 Northern Europe
00:17:58 2.2.3 Beginnings of botanical science
00:20:30 2.3 18th century
00:21:17 2.3.1 The Cape, Dutch East Indies
00:21:48 2.3.2 Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
00:24:32 2.3.3 Bartram's Garden
00:25:01 2.3.4 Plant classification
00:26:25 2.4 19th century
00:27:07 2.4.1 Tropical botanical gardens
00:30:05 2.4.2 Australia
00:30:56 2.4.3 New Zealand
00:31:19 2.4.4 Hong Kong
00:31:42 2.4.5 Sri Lanka
00:32:07 2.4.6 Ecuador
00:33:02 2.4.7 Egypt
00:33:21 2.4.8 South Africa
00:33:57 2.4.9 United States
00:35:19 2.4.10 Russia
00:36:15 2.4.11 Ukraine
00:36:56 2.5 20th century
00:37:05 2.5.1 Civic and municipal botanical gardens
00:37:53 2.5.2 Community engagement
00:39:20 2.5.3 Plant conservation
00:40:55 3 Role and functions
00:43:05 4 Future
00:45:19 5 Photo gallery
00:45:28 6 See also



Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.

Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain

Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.

Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:
https://assistant.google.com/services/invoke/uid/0000001a130b3f91
Other Wikipedia audio articles at:
https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=wikipedia+tts
Upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
https://github.com/nodef/wikipedia-tts
Speaking Rate: 0.9284696613670029
Voice name: en-US-Wavenet-C


"I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think."
- Socrates


SUMMARY
=======
A botanical garden or botanic garden is a garden dedicated to the collection, cultivation, preservation and display a wide range of plants labelled with their botanical names. It may contain specialist plant collections such as cacti and other succulent plants, herb gardens, plants from particular parts of the world, and so on; there may be greenhouses, shadehouses, again with special collections such as tropical plants, alpine plants, or other exotic plants. Visitor services at a botanical garden might include tours, educational displays, art exhibitions, book rooms, open-air theatrical and musical performances, and other entertainment.
Botanical gardens are often run by universities or lolo mo other scientific research organizations, and often have associated herbaria and research programmes in plant taxonomy or some other aspect of botanical science. In principle, their role is to maintain documented collections of living plants for the purposes of scientific research, conservation, display, and education, although this will depend on the resources available and the special interests pursued at each particular garden.
The origin of modern botanical gardens is generally traced to the appointment of professors of botany to the medical faculties of universities in 16th century Renaissance Italy, which also entailed the curation of a medicinal garden. However, the objectives, content, and audience of today’s botanic gardens more closely resembles that of the grandiose gardens of antiquity and the educational garden of Theophrastus in the Lyceum of ancient Athens.The early concern with medicinal plants changed in the 17th century to an interest in the new plant imports from explorations outside Europe as botany gradually established its independence from medicine. In the 18th century, systems of nomenclature and classification were devised by botanists working in the herbaria and universities associated with the gardens, these systems often being displayed in the gardens as educational "order beds". With the rapid rise of European imperialism in the late 18th century, botanic gardens were established in the tropics, and economic botany became a focus with the hub at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, near London.
Over the years, botanical gardens, as cultural and scientific organisations, have responded to the interests of botany and horticulture. Nowadays, most botanical gardens display a mix of the themes mentioned and more; having a strong connection with the general public, there is the opportunity to provide visitors with information relating to the environmental issue ...