Inference | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 03/12/2018

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Inference


00:01:00 1 Definition
00:01:59 2 Examples
00:02:08 2.1 Example for definition #1
00:04:29 2.2 Example for definition #2
00:06:01 3 Incorrect inference
00:06:25 4 Applications
00:06:34 4.1 Inference engines
00:07:24 4.1.1 Prolog engine
00:09:06 4.2 Semantic web
00:09:30 4.3 Bayesian statistics and probability logic
00:10:39 4.4 Fuzzy logic
00:10:48 4.5 Non-monotonic logic



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"The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing."
- Socrates



SUMMARY
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Inferences are steps in reasoning, moving from premises to logical consequences. Charles Sanders Peirce divided inference into three kinds: deduction, induction, and abduction.  Deduction is inference deriving logical conclusions from premises known or assumed to be true,  with the laws of valid inference being studied in logic.  Induction is inference from particular premises to a universal conclusion.  Abduction is inference to the best explanation.
Human inference (i.e. how humans draw conclusions) is traditionally studied within the field of cognitive psychology; artificial intelligence researchers develop automated inference systems to emulate human inference.
Statistical inference uses mathematics to draw conclusions in the presence of uncertainty. This generalizes deterministic reasoning, with the absence of uncertainty as a special case. Statistical inference uses quantitative or qualitative (categorical) data which may be subject to random variations.