Maryland | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2018-12-14

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Maryland


00:03:32 1 Geography
00:04:29 1.1 Description
00:07:24 1.2 Geology
00:08:10 1.3 Flora
00:09:53 1.4 Fauna
00:11:40 1.5 Environment
00:12:50 1.6 Climate
00:15:22 2 History
00:15:31 2.1 17th century
00:15:40 2.1.1 Maryland's first colonial settlement
00:17:31 2.1.2 Persecution of Catholics
00:20:29 2.2 Border disputes (1681–1760)
00:22:34 2.3 18th century
00:24:56 2.4 19th century
00:25:59 2.4.1 Civil War
00:27:32 2.4.2 After the war
00:29:50 2.5 20th and 21st centuries
00:30:00 2.5.1 Early 20th century
00:33:06 2.5.2 1950–present
00:34:43 3 Demographics
00:36:33 3.1 Birth data
00:37:06 3.2 Language
00:37:41 3.3 Settlements
00:39:14 3.4 Ancestry
00:45:16 3.5 Religion
00:47:21 4 Economy
00:50:36 4.1 Baltimore port
00:52:07 4.2 Agriculture and fishing
00:53:36 4.3 Biotechnology
00:54:48 4.4 Tourism
00:55:54 5 Transportation
00:56:18 5.1 Roads
00:59:35 5.2 Airports
01:00:25 5.3 Rail
01:02:46 6 Law and government
01:04:29 6.1 Taxation
01:05:49 6.2 Elections
01:09:38 7 Media
01:09:51 8 Education
01:10:00 8.1 Primary and secondary education
01:12:05 8.2 Colleges and universities
01:14:11 8.3 Public libraries
01:15:04 9 Sports
01:17:18 10 See also



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SUMMARY
=======
Maryland (US:  (listen) MERR-əl-ənd) is a state in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States, bordering Virginia, West Virginia, and the District of Columbia to its south and west; Pennsylvania to its north; and Delaware to its east. The state's largest city is Baltimore, and its capital is Annapolis. Among its occasional nicknames are Old Line State, the Free State, and the Chesapeake Bay State. It is named after the English queen Henrietta Maria, known in England as Queen Mary.Sixteen of Maryland's twenty-three counties border the tidal waters of the Chesapeake Bay estuary and its many tributaries, which combined total more than 4,000 miles of shoreline. Although one of the smallest states in the U.S., it features a variety of climates and typographical features that have earned it the moniker of America in Miniature. In a similar vein, Maryland's geography, culture, and history combines elements of the Mid-Atlantic, Northeastern, and South Atlantic regions of the country.
One of the original Thirteen Colonies of Great Britain, Maryland was founded by George Calvert, a Catholic convert who sought to provide a religious haven for Catholics persecuted in England. In 1632, Charles I of England granted Calvert a colonial charter, naming the colony after his wife, Queen Mary. Unlike the Pilgrims and Puritans, who enforced religious conformity in their settlements, Calvert envisioned a colony where people of different religious sects would coexist under the principle of toleration. Accordingly, in 1649 the Maryland General Assembly passed an Act Concerning Religion, which enshrined this principle by penalizing anyone who "reproached" a fellow Marylander based on religious affiliation. Nevertheless, religious strife was common in the early years, and Catholics remained a minority, albeit in greater numbers than in any other English colony.
Maryland's early settlements and population centers clustered around rivers and other waterways that empty into the Chesapeake Bay. Its economy was heavily plantation based, centered mostly on the cultivation of tobacco. The need for cheap labor led to a rapid expansion of indentured servants, penal labor, and African slaves. In 1760, Maryland's current boundaries took form following the settlement of a long-running border dispute with Pennsylvania. Maryland was an active participant in the events leading up to the American Revolution, and by 1776 its delegates signed the Declaration of Independence. Many of its citizens subsequently played key political and military roles in the war. In 1790, the state ceded land for the establishment of the U.S. capital of Washington, D.C.
Although a slave state, Maryland remained in the Union during the U.S. Civil War, its strategic location giving it a s ...