Periodization | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-03-26

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodization


00:01:20 1 History
00:02:23 2 Background
00:10:33 3 Three-age system
00:11:20 4 Historiography
00:12:05 5 Marxian periodisation
00:12:45 5.1 Primitive communism
00:13:30 5.2 Slave society
00:14:33 5.3 Feudalism
00:15:37 5.4 Capitalism
00:20:30 5.5 Socialism
00:21:58 6 See also



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SUMMARY
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Periodization is the process or study of categorizing the past into discrete, quantified named blocks of time. This is usually done in order to facilitate the study and analysis of history, understanding current and historical processes, and causality that might have linked those events. 
This results in descriptive abstractions that provide convenient terms for periods of time with relatively stable characteristics. However, determining the precise beginning and ending to any "period" is often arbitrary, since it has changed over time over the course of history.
To the extent that history is continuous and ungeneralizable, all systems of periodization are more or less arbitrary. Yet without named periods, however clumsy or imprecise, past time would be nothing more than scattered events without a framework to help us understand them. Nations, cultures, families, and even individuals, each with their different remembered histories, are constantly engaged in imposing overlapping, often unsystematized, schemes of temporal periodization; periodizing labels are continually challenged and redefined, but once established, a period "brand" is so convenient that many are "very hard" to change or shake off.