Druze | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-03-20

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Druze


00:03:13 1 Location
00:04:19 2 History
00:04:29 2.1 Etymology
00:07:51 2.2 Early history
00:11:19 2.3 Closing of the faith
00:13:38 2.4 During the Crusades
00:15:55 2.5 Persecution during the Mamluk and Ottoman period
00:18:17 2.6 Ma'an dynasty
00:24:14 2.7 Shihab Dynasty
00:26:24 2.8 Qaysites and the Yemenites
00:27:37 2.9 Civil War of 1860
00:29:58 2.10 Rebellion in Hauran
00:30:57 3 Modern history
00:31:51 3.1 In Syria
00:38:54 3.2 In Lebanon
00:41:25 3.3 In Israel
00:42:42 3.4 In Jordan
00:43:01 4 Beliefs
00:43:10 4.1 God
00:45:48 4.2 Scriptures
00:46:20 4.3 Reincarnation
00:47:31 4.4 Pact of Time Custodian
00:48:50 4.5 Sanctuaries
00:49:08 4.6 Esotericism
00:50:34 4.7 Seven Druze precepts
00:51:34 4.8 Taqiyya
00:52:27 4.9 Other beliefs
00:53:07 5 Religious symbol
00:55:03 6 Prayer houses and holy places
00:56:24 7 Initiates and "ignorant" members
01:00:32 8 Culture
01:00:41 8.1 Cuisine
01:01:33 9 Origins
01:01:43 9.1 Ethnic origins
01:01:52 9.1.1 Arabian hypothesis
01:03:22 9.1.2 Druze as a mixture of Middle Eastern tribes
01:05:42 9.1.3 Iturean hypothesis
01:06:37 9.2 Genetics
01:11:35 10 See also



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SUMMARY
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The Druze (; Arabic: درزي‎ darzī or durzī, plural دروز durūz; Hebrew: דרוזי‎ drūzī plural דרוזים, druzim) are an Arabic-speaking esoteric ethnoreligious group originating in Western Asia who self-identify as Al-Muwaḥḥidūn (lit. "The People of Monotheism"). Jethro of Midian is considered an ancestor of all people from the Mountain of Druze region, who revere him as their spiritual founder and chief prophet. It is a monotheistic and Abrahamic religion based on the teachings of Hamza ibn-'Ali ibn-Ahmad and the sixth Fatimid caliph Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah, and Greek philosophers such as Plato and Aristotle.The Epistles of Wisdom is the foundational text of the Druze faith. The Druze faith incorporates elements of Isma'ilism, a branch of Shia Islam, Gnosticism, Neoplatonism, Pythagoreanism and other philosophies and beliefs, creating a distinct and secretive theology known to interpret esoterically religious scriptures, and to highlight the role of the mind and truthfulness. The Druze follow theophany, and believe in reincarnation or the transmigration of the soul. At the end of the cycle of rebirth, which is achieved through successive reincarnations, the soul is united with the Cosmic Mind (al-ʿAql al-kullī).Although dwarfed by other, larger communities, the Druze community played an important role in shaping the history of the Levant, where it continues to play a large political role. As a religious minority in every country, they have frequently experienced persecution, except in Lebanon and Israel, where Druze judges, parliamentarians, diplomats, and doctors occupy the highest echelons of society. Even though the faith originally developed out of Ismaili Islam, Druze are not considered Muslims, although Al Azhar of Egypt recognizes them as one of the Islamic sects akin to Shia. Fatimid caliph Ali az-Zahir, whose father al-Hakim is a key figure in the Druze faith, was particularly harsh, causing the death of many Druze in Antioch, Aleppo, and northern Syria. Persecution flared up during the rule of the Mamluks and Ottomans. Most recently, Druze were targeted by the ISIL and Al-Qaeda in order to cleanse Syria and neighboring countries of non-Islamic influence.The Druze faith is one of the major religious groups in the Levant, with between 800,000 and a million adherents. They are found primarily in Syria, Lebanon, and Israel, with small communities in Jordan. The oldest and most densely-populated Druze communities exist in Mount Lebanon and in the south of Syria around Jabal al-Druze (literally the "Mountain of the Druzes"). The Druze's social customs  ...