Gravity Field and Steady-State Ocean Circulation Explorer | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-03-17

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravity_Field_and_Steady-State_Ocean_Circulation_Explorer


00:02:25 1 Discoveries and applications
00:02:36 1.1 Mission objectives
00:03:18 1.2 Gravity map and model
00:04:19 1.3 Findings
00:06:11 2 Operations
00:06:21 2.1 Launch
00:08:03 2.2 Operation
00:09:57 2.3 End of mission and re-entry
00:12:07 3 Design
00:12:16 3.1 Payload
00:13:41 3.2 Power and propulsion
00:15:46 4 See also



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SUMMARY
=======
The Gravity Field and Steady-State Ocean Circulation Explorer (GOCE) was the first of ESA's Living Planet Programme satellites intended to map in unprecedented detail the Earth's gravity field. The spacecraft's primary instrumentation was a highly sensitive gravity gradiometer consisting of three pairs of accelerometers which measured gravitational gradients along three orthogonal axes.
Launched on 17 March 2009, GOCE mapped the deep structure of the Earth's mantle and probed hazardous volcanic regions. It brought new insight into ocean behaviour; this in particular, was a major driver for the mission. By combining the gravity data with information about sea surface height gathered by other satellite altimeters, scientists were able to track the direction and speed of geostrophic ocean currents. The low orbit and high accuracy of the system greatly improved the known accuracy and spatial resolution of the geoid (the theoretical surface of equal gravitational potential on the Earth).
The satellite's unique arrow shape and fins helped keep GOCE stable as it flew through the thermosphere at a comparatively low altitude of 255 kilometres (158 mi). Additionally, an ion propulsion system continuously compensated for the variable deceleration due to air drag without the vibration of a conventional chemically powered rocket engine, thus limiting the errors in gravity gradient measurements caused by non-gravitational forces and restoring the path of the craft as closely as possible to a purely inertial trajectory.
After running out of propellant, the satellite began dropping out of orbit and made an uncontrolled reentry on 11 November 2013.