Cell culture | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-05-06

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_culture


00:02:02 1 History
00:03:39 2 Concepts in mammalian cell culture
00:03:50 2.1 Isolation of cells
00:05:15 2.2 Maintaining cells in culture
00:09:12 2.3 Components of cell culture media
00:09:23 2.3.1 Typical Growth conditions
00:09:33 2.4 Cell line cross-contamination
00:11:38 2.5 Other technical issues
00:12:41 2.6 Manipulation of cultured cells
00:13:50 2.6.1 Media changes
00:14:16 2.6.2 Passaging cells
00:15:21 2.6.3 Transfection and transduction
00:16:15 2.7 Established human cell lines
00:17:45 2.8 Cell strains
00:18:29 3 Applications of cell culture
00:20:48 3.1 Cell culture in two dimensions
00:22:43 3.2 Cell culture in three dimensions
00:25:01 3.2.1 3D cell culture in hydrogels
00:26:01 3.2.2 3D Cell Culturing by Magnetic Levitation
00:27:00 3.3 Tissue culture and engineering
00:27:43 3.4 Vaccines
00:28:26 4 Culture of non-mammalian cells
00:29:02 4.1 Plant cell culture methods
00:29:32 4.2 Insect cell culture
00:30:15 4.3 Bacterial and yeast culture methods
00:30:43 4.4 Viral culture methods
00:31:26 5 Common cell lines
00:33:10 6 List of cell lines
00:33:20 7 See also
00:33:50 8 References and notes
00:34:00 9 Further reading
00:34:10 10 External links



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SUMMARY
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Cell culture is the process by which cells are grown under controlled conditions, generally outside their natural environment. After the cells of interest have been isolated from living tissue, they can subsequently be maintained under carefully controlled conditions.  These conditions vary for each cell type, but generally consist of a suitable vessel with a substrate or medium that supplies the essential nutrients (amino acids, carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals), growth factors, hormones, and gases (CO2, O2), and regulates the physio-chemical environment (pH buffer, osmotic pressure, temperature). Most cells require a surface or an artificial substrate (adherent or monolayer culture) whereas others can be grown free floating in culture medium (suspension culture). The lifespan of most cells is genetically determined, but some cell culturing cells have been “transformed” into immortal cells which will reproduce indefinitely if the optimal conditions are provided.
In practice, the term "cell culture" now refers to the culturing of cells derived from multicellular eukaryotes, especially animal cells, in contrast with other types of culture that also grow cells, such as plant tissue culture, fungal culture, and microbiological culture (of microbes). The historical development and methods of cell culture are closely interrelated to those of tissue culture and organ culture. Viral culture is also related, with cells as hosts for the viruses.
The laboratory technique of maintaining live cell lines (a population of cells descended from a single cell and containing the same genetic makeup) separated from their original tissue source became more robust in the middle 20th century.