Animal rights | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-05-06

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal_rights


00:02:53 1 Historical development in the West
00:03:04 1.1 Moral status and animals in the ancient world
00:07:34 1.2 17th century: Animals as automata
00:07:46 1.2.1 Early animal protection laws in Europe
00:10:28 1.2.2 René Descartes
00:11:32 1.3 Treatment of animals as man's duty towards himself
00:11:44 1.3.1 John Locke, Immanuel Kant
00:13:49 1.4 18th century: Centrality of sentience
00:14:01 1.4.1 Jean-Jacques Rousseau
00:16:12 1.4.2 Jeremy Bentham
00:18:19 1.5 19th century: Emergence of ijus animalium/i
00:20:59 1.5.1 Martin's Act
00:24:05 1.5.2 Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals
00:28:23 1.5.3 Arthur Schopenhauer
00:30:43 1.5.4 Percy Bysshe Shelley
00:31:14 1.5.5 John Stuart Mill
00:32:17 1.5.6 Charles Darwin
00:34:34 1.5.7 American SPCA, Frances Power Cobbe, Anna Kingsford
00:38:15 1.5.8 Friedrich Nietzsche
00:39:03 1.5.9 Henry Salt
00:41:22 1.6 20th century: Animal rights movement
00:41:33 1.6.1 Brown Dog Affair, Lizzy Lind af Hageby
00:44:14 1.6.2 Development of veganism
00:46:13 1.6.3 iTierschutzgesetz/i
00:48:06 1.6.4 Increase in animal use
00:49:47 1.6.5 Development of direct action
00:52:12 1.6.6 Formation of the Oxford group
00:55:17 1.6.7 Publication of iAnimal Liberation/i
00:59:27 1.6.8 Founding of the Animal Liberation Front
01:02:23 1.6.9 Subcultures and Animal Rights
01:02:59 1.6.10 Animal Rights International
01:04:58 1.7 21st century: Developments
01:08:40 1.7.1 Petitions for Habeas Corpus
01:10:19 2 Indian subcontinent
01:10:29 2.1 Religions
01:11:45 2.2 Legal actions in the 21st century
01:12:57 3 In religion
01:13:55 3.1 Jainism, Buddism, and Hinduism
01:14:21 3.2 Islam
01:16:40 4 Philosophical and legal approaches
01:16:51 4.1 Overview
01:19:03 4.2 Utilitarianism
01:23:18 4.3 Subjects-of-a-life
01:26:10 4.4 Abolitionism
01:28:38 4.5 Contractarianism
01:30:14 4.6 iPrima facie/i rights theory
01:32:23 4.7 Feminism and animal rights
01:35:31 4.8 Transhumanism
01:36:05 4.9 Critics
01:36:13 4.9.1 R. G. Frey
01:37:26 4.9.2 Carl Cohen
01:38:47 4.9.3 Richard Posner
01:41:07 4.9.4 Roger Scruton
01:43:07 5 Continuity between humans and nonhuman animals
01:44:49 6 Public attitudes
01:47:12 7 Animal welfare and rights by country
01:47:23 7.1 Summary table
01:47:33 7.2 Individual countries



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SUMMARY
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Animal rights is the idea in which some, or all, non-human animals are entitled to the possession of their own existence and that their most basic interests—such as the need to avoid suffering—should be afforded the same consideration as similar interests of human beings.Its advocates oppose the assignment of moral value and fundamental protections on the basis of species membership alone—an idea known since 1970 as speciesism, when the term was coined by Richard D. Ryder—arguing that it is a prejudice as irrational as any other. They maintain that animals should no longer be viewed as property or used as food, clothing, research subjects, entertainment, or beasts of burden. Multiple cultural traditions around the world such as Jainism, Taoism, Hinduism, Buddhism and Animism also espouse some forms of animal rights.
In parallel to the debate about moral rights, animal law is now widely taught in law schools in North America, and several prominent legal scholars support the extension of basic legal rights and personhood to at least some animals. The animals most often considered in arguments for personhood are bonobos and chimpanzees. This is supported by some animal rights academics because it would break through the species barrier, but opposed by others because it predicates moral value on mental complexity, rather than on sentience alone.Critics of animal rights argue that nonhuman animals are unable to enter into a social contract, and thus cannot ...