Ultrafast science | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: Subhajit Sahu
Date: 2018-12-31

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultrashort_pulse


00:01:12 1 Definition
00:01:45 1.1 Background
00:05:54 2 Pulse shape control
00:07:35 3 Measurement techniques
00:09:30 4 Wave packet propagation in nonisotropic media
00:21:55 5 High harmonics
00:22:29 6 Applications
00:22:38 6.1 Advanced material 3D micro-/nano-processing
00:23:42 6.2 Micro-machining
00:24:23 7 See also



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SUMMARY
=======
In optics, an ultrashort pulse of light is an electromagnetic pulse whose time duration is of the order of a picosecond (10−12 second) or less. Such pulses have a broadband optical spectrum, and can be created by mode-locked oscillators. They are commonly referred to as ultrafast events. Amplification of ultrashort pulses almost always requires the technique of chirped pulse amplification, in order to avoid damage to the gain medium of the amplifier.
They are characterized by a high peak intensity (or more correctly, irradiance) that usually leads to nonlinear interactions in various materials, including air. These processes are studied in the field of nonlinear optics.
In the specialized literature, "ultrashort" refers to the femtosecond (fs) and picosecond (ps) range, although such pulses no longer hold the record for the shortest pulses artificially generated. Indeed, x-ray pulses with durations on the attosecond time scale have been reported.
The 1999 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to Ahmed H. Zewail for using ultrashort pulses to observe chemical reactions on the timescales they occur on, opening up the field of femtochemistry.