Changes in global mangrove distributions | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 16/06/2019

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangrove_tree_distribution


00:02:16 1 Top 20 Mangrove Holdings Nations in 2012.sup&#91;6&#93;/sup
00:02:25 2 Mangrove declines
00:02:35 2.1 Global trends
00:05:12 2.2 Role of perception
00:06:24 2.3 Causes of decline
00:09:42 2.3.1 Mangrove loss case study: shrimp aquaculture in South-east Asia
00:11:55 2.4 Global climate change and mangrove loss
00:13:06 3 Mangrove expansions
00:13:17 3.1 Global trends
00:13:55 3.2 Seaward expansion and human activity
00:15:41 3.2.1 Case study: New Zealand mangroves
00:17:36 3.3 Landward expansion
00:18:25 3.4 Expansion through conservation and restoration
00:19:49 3.5 bPoleward Expansion/b
00:20:46 4 Challenges, limitations and future suggestions
00:22:44 5 Summary



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SUMMARY
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Global mangrove distributions have fluctuated throughout human and geological history. The area covered by mangroves is influenced by a complex interaction between land position, rainfall hydrology, sea level, sedimentation, subsidence, storms and pest-predator relationships). In the last 50 years, human activities have strongly affected mangrove distributions, resulting in declines or expansions of worldwide mangrove area. Mangroves provide several important ‘free services’ including coastal stabilization, juvenile fish habitats, and the filtration of sediment and nutrients). Mangrove loss has important implications for coastal ecological systems and human communities dependent on healthy mangrove ecosystems. This English Wikipedia page presents an overview of global Mangrove Forest biome trends in mangrove ecoregions distribution, as well as the cause of such changes.
As of 2012, mangroves are found in 105 nations globally. Although distributed across 105 nations, the top 10 mangrove holding nations contain approximately 52% of the global mangrove stock with Indonesia alone containing between 26% and 29% of the entire global mangrove stock. The largest continuous area of mangrove forest is likely in-and-around the Sundarbans National Park in India and the Sundarbans Mangrove Forests in Bangladesh, which are both recognized by UNESCO as World Heritage Sites. Although existing almost exclusively in the tropics and near-tropics, warm ocean currents support mangrove forests as far north as Walsingham Nature Reserve (Idwal Hughes Nature Reserve) in Bermuda and as far south as Snake Island, Australia.