Dowry system in India | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2018-12-16

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Dowry system in India


00:02:21 1 Historical context
00:06:44 2 Causes of the dowry
00:07:02 2.1 Economic factors
00:08:42 2.2 Social factors
00:10:12 2.3 Religious factors
00:11:01 3 Dowry in the modern era
00:13:42 4 Types of dowry crimes
00:14:53 4.1 Cruelty
00:15:41 4.2 Domestic violence
00:16:12 4.3 Abetment to suicide
00:17:02 4.4 Dowry murder
00:18:51 5 Laws against dowry
00:20:13 5.1 Dowry Prohibition Act, 1961
00:21:45 5.2 Criminal statutes – Indian Penal Code, Criminal Procedure Code and Evidence Act
00:24:22 5.3 Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005
00:25:31 5.4 International conventions
00:26:30 6 Criticisms on the enforcement of dowry laws
00:27:53 7 Criticisms on the abuse of dowry laws
00:30:49 8 See also



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SUMMARY
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The dowry system in India refers to the durable goods, cash, and real or movable property that the bride's family gives to the bridegroom, his parents, or his relatives as a condition of the marriage. Dowry stemmed from India's skewed inheritance laws, and the Hindu Succession Act needed to be amended to stop the routine disinheritance of daughters. Dowry is essentially in the nature of a payment in cash or some kind of gifts given to the bridegroom's family along with the bride and includes cash, jewellery, electrical appliances, furniture, bedding, crockery, utensils and other household items that help the newlyweds set up their home. Dowry is referred to as Dahez in Arabic (derived from Islamic jahez-e-fatimi). In far eastern parts of India, dowry is called Aaunnpot.

The dowry system is thought to put great financial burden on the bride's family. In some cases, the dowry system leads to crime against women, ranging from emotional abuse and injury to even deaths. The payment of dowry has long been prohibited under specific Indian laws including the Dowry Prohibition Act, 1961 and subsequently by Sections 304B and 498A of the Indian Penal Code.
A court judgement clarifies the legal definition of dowry as

"Dowry" in the sense of the expression contemplated by Dowry Prohibition Act is a demand for property of valuable security having an inextricable nexus with the marriage, i.e., it is a consideration from the side of the bride's parents or relatives to the groom or his parents and/or guardian for the agreement to wed the bride-to-be.

The Dowry Prohibition Act, 1961 article 3 specifies that the penalty for giving or taking dowry does not apply to presents which are given at the time of a marriage to the bride or bridegroom, when no demand for them have been made.
Although Indian laws against dowries have been in effect for decades, they have been largely criticised as being ineffective. The practice of dowry deaths and murders continues to take place unchecked in many parts of India and this has further added to the concerns of enforcement.Section 498A of the Indian Penal Code required the bridegroom and his family to be automatically arrested if a wife complains of dowry harassment. The law was widely abused and in 2014, the Supreme Court ruled that arrests can only be made with a magistrate's approval..