Rain | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: Subhajit Sahu
Date: 2019-03-26

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rain


00:02:16 1 Formation
00:02:25 1.1 Water-saturated air
00:05:09 1.2 Coalescence and fragmentation
00:07:35 1.3 Droplet size distribution
00:09:25 1.4 Raindrop impacts
00:10:38 1.5 Virga
00:10:58 2 Causes
00:11:07 2.1 Frontal activity
00:12:38 2.2 Convection
00:13:28 2.3 Orographic effects
00:15:12 2.4 Within the tropics
00:16:59 2.5 Human influence
00:20:47 3 Characteristics
00:20:56 3.1 Patterns
00:23:28 3.2 Acidity
00:24:58 3.3 Köppen climate classification
00:27:25 4 Measurement
00:27:34 4.1 Gauges
00:29:48 4.2 Remote sensing
00:31:13 4.3 Intensity
00:32:15 4.4 Return period
00:33:09 5 Forecasting
00:34:49 6 Impact
00:34:58 6.1 Effect on agriculture
00:36:30 6.2 In culture and religion
00:38:50 7 Global climatology
00:39:38 7.1 Deserts
00:40:39 7.2 Polar desert
00:41:12 7.3 Rainforests
00:41:56 7.4 Monsoons
00:43:46 7.5 Impact of the Westerlies
00:45:14 7.6 Wettest known locations
00:48:02 8 Outside Earth
00:48:54 9 See also
00:49:03 10 Notes



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SUMMARY
=======
Rain is liquid water in the form of droplets that have condensed from atmospheric water vapor and then become heavy enough to fall under gravity. Rain is a major component of the water cycle and is responsible for depositing most of the fresh water on the Earth. It provides suitable conditions for many types of ecosystems, as well as water for hydroelectric power plants and crop irrigation.
The major cause of rain production is moisture moving along three-dimensional zones of temperature and moisture contrasts known as weather fronts. If enough moisture and upward motion is present, precipitation falls from convective clouds (those with strong upward vertical motion) such as cumulonimbus (thunder clouds) which can organize into narrow rainbands. In mountainous areas, heavy precipitation is possible where upslope flow is maximized within windward sides of the terrain at elevation which forces moist air to condense and fall out as rainfall along the sides of mountains. On the leeward side of mountains, desert climates can exist due to the dry air caused by downslope flow which causes heating and drying of the air mass. The movement of the monsoon trough, or intertropical convergence zone, brings rainy seasons to savannah climes.
The urban heat island effect leads to increased rainfall, both in amounts and intensity, downwind of cities. Global warming is also causing changes in the precipitation pattern globally, including wetter conditions across eastern North America and drier conditions in the tropics. Antarctica is the driest continent. The globally averaged annual precipitation over land is 715 mm (28.1 in), but over the whole Earth it is much higher at 990 mm (39 in). Climate classification systems such as the Köppen classification system use average annual rainfall to help differentiate between differing climate regimes. Rainfall is measured using rain gauges. Rainfall amounts can be estimated by weather radar.
Rain is also known or suspected on other planets, where it may be composed of methane, neon, sulfuric acid, or even iron rather than water.