Hydroelectricity | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2018-12-02

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Hydroelectricity


00:01:22 1 History
00:04:58 2 Future potential
00:05:49 3 Generating methods
00:05:59 3.1 Conventional (dams)
00:06:29 3.2 Pumped-storage
00:07:14 3.3 Run-of-the-river
00:07:55 3.4 Tide
00:08:40 4 Sizes, types and capacities of hydroelectric facilities
00:08:52 4.1 Large facilities
00:09:37 4.2 Small
00:11:07 4.3 Micro
00:11:52 4.4 Pico
00:12:38 4.5 Underground
00:13:10 4.6 Calculating available power
00:14:39 5 Properties
00:14:48 5.1 Advantages
00:14:57 5.1.1 Flexibility
00:15:45 5.1.2 Low cost/high value power
00:17:08 5.1.3 Suitability for industrial applications
00:18:05 5.1.4 Reduced COsub2/sub emissions
00:19:41 5.1.5 Other uses of the reservoir
00:20:15 5.2 Disadvantages
00:20:23 5.2.1 Ecosystem damage and loss of land
00:21:31 5.2.2 Water loss by evaporation
00:22:40 5.2.3 Siltation and flow shortage
00:24:11 5.2.4 Methane emissions (from reservoirs)
00:25:16 5.2.5 Relocation
00:25:40 5.2.6 Failure risks
00:27:00 5.3 Comparison and interactions with other methods of power generation
00:27:31 5.3.1 Nuclear power
00:28:54 5.3.2 Wind power
00:30:12 6 World hydroelectric capacity
00:31:40 7 Major projects under construction
00:31:50 8 See also



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SUMMARY
=======
Hydroelectricity is electricity produced from hydropower. In 2015, hydropower generated 16.6% of the world's total electricity and 70% of all renewable electricity, and was expected to increase about 3.1% each year for the next 25 years.
Hydropower is produced in 150 countries, with the Asia-Pacific region generating 33 percent of global hydropower in 2013. China is the largest hydroelectricity producer, with 920 TWh of production in 2013, representing 16.9 percent of domestic electricity use.
The cost of hydroelectricity is relatively low, making it a competitive source of renewable electricity. The hydro station consumes no water, unlike coal or gas plants. The average cost of electricity from a hydro station larger than 10 megawatts is 3 to 5 U.S. cents per kilowatt-hour. With a dam and reservoir it is also a flexible source of electricity since the amount produced by the station can be changed up or down very quickly to adapt to changing energy demands. Once a hydroelectric complex is constructed, the project produces no direct waste, and in many cases, has a considerably lower output level of greenhouse gases than fossil fuel powered energy plants.