Akbar | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2018-12-07

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Akbar


00:03:50 1 Early years
00:06:37 2 Military campaigns
00:06:47 2.1 Military innovations
00:08:29 2.2 Struggle for North India
00:11:15 2.3 Expansion into Central India
00:16:29 2.4 Conquest of Rajputana
00:19:54 2.5 Annexation of Western and Eastern India
00:23:54 2.6 Campaigns in Afghanistan and Central Asia
00:28:27 2.7 Conquests in the Indus Valley
00:30:01 2.8 Subjugation of parts of Baluchistan
00:31:01 2.9 Safavids and Kandahar
00:33:24 2.10 Deccan Sultans
00:34:22 3 Administration
00:34:31 3.1 Political government
00:35:30 3.2 Taxation
00:37:45 3.3 Military organisation
00:39:09 3.4 Capital
00:40:33 4 Economy
00:40:42 4.1 Trade
00:41:57 4.2 Coins
00:43:37 5 Diplomacy
00:43:46 5.1 Matrimonial alliances
00:47:17 6 Foreign relations
00:47:26 6.1 Relations with the Portuguese
00:50:29 6.2 Relations with the Ottoman Empire
00:53:03 6.3 Relations with the Safavid Dynasty
00:55:13 6.4 Relations with other contemporary kingdoms
00:55:44 7 Religious policy
00:57:20 7.1 Association with the Muslim aristocracy
01:00:31 7.2 Din-i-Ilahi
01:04:08 7.3 Relation with Hindus
01:05:23 7.4 Relation with Jains
01:07:19 8 Historical accounts
01:07:29 8.1 Personality
01:11:25 8.2 Hagiography
01:12:22 8.3 Akbarnāma, the iBook of Akbar/i
01:13:15 9 Marriages
01:20:05 10 Death
01:21:06 11 Legacy
01:22:55 12 In popular culture
01:26:02 13 Ancestry
01:26:11 14 See also



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SUMMARY
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Abu'l-Fath Jalal-ud-din Muhammad Akbar  ابو الفتح جلال الدين محمد اكبر‬ (15 October 1542– 27 October 1605), popularly known as Akbar I (IPA: [əkbər]), also as Akbar the Great (Akbar-i-azam اکبر اعظم‬), was the third Mughal emperor, who reigned from 1556 to 1605. Akbar succeeded his father, Humayun, under a regent, Bairam Khan, who helped the young emperor expand and consolidate Mughal domains in India. A strong personality and a successful general, Akbar gradually enlarged the Mughal Empire to include nearly all of the Indian Subcontinent north of the Godavari river. His power and influence, however, extended over the entire country because of Mughal military, political, cultural, and economic dominance. To unify the vast Mughal state, Akbar established a centralised system of administration throughout his empire and adopted a policy of conciliating conquered rulers through marriage and diplomacy. To preserve peace and order in a religiously and culturally diverse empire, he adopted policies that won him the support of his non-Muslim subjects. Eschewing tribal bonds and Islamic state identity, Akbar strove to unite far-flung lands of his realm through loyalty, expressed through an Indo-Persian culture, to himself as an emperor who had near-divine status.
Mughal India developed a strong and stable economy, leading to commercial expansion and greater patronage of culture. Akbar himself was a patron of art and culture. He was fond of literature, and created a library of over 24,000 volumes written in Sanskrit, Urdu, Persian, Greek, Latin, Arabic and Kashmiri, staffed by many scholars, translators, artists, calligraphers, scribes, bookbinders and readers. He did much of the cataloging himself through three main groupings. Akbar also established the library of Fatehpur Sikri exclusively for women, and he decreed that schools for the education of both Muslims and Hindus should be established throughout the realm. He also encouraged bookbinding to become a high art. Holy men of many faiths, poets, architects, and artisans adorned his court from all over the world for study and discussion. Akbar's courts at Delhi, Agra, and Fatehpur Sikri became centres of the arts, letters, and learning. Perso-Islamic culture began to merge and blend with indigenous Indian elements, and a distinct Indo-Persian culture emerged characterized by Mughal style arts, painting, and architecture. Disillusioned with orthodox Islam and perhaps hoping to bring about religious unity within his empire, Akbar promulgate ...