Rare earth industry in China | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 15/06/2019

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rare_earth_industry_in_China


00:01:26 1 History
00:06:12 2 Research
00:07:03 3 Controversy and Political Implications
00:11:13 4 Major players
00:11:51 5 Environmental Impact
00:13:35 6 See also



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SUMMARY
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The rare earth industry in China is a large industry that is important to Chinese internal economics. Rare earths are a group of elements on the periodic table with similar properties. Rare earth metals are used to manufacture everything from electric or hybrid vehicles, wind turbines, consumer electronics and other clean energy technologies. The elements are also important to national governments because they are used in the defense industry. Twenty percent of rare earth demands are for use as permanent magnets. Permanent magnets can be used for a variety of applications including serving as essential components of weapons systems and high performance aircraft.Rare earths are found in various minerals such as monazite and bastnasite. They are dispersed in low concentrations and are costly to extract from ore. Major reserves in the world exist in China, California, India, Brazil, Australia, South Africa, and Malaysia. However, China accounts for over 95 percent of the world’s production of rare earths. Therefore, having control of these elements puts China at a powerful position.
It is estimated the world has 99 million tonnes of rare earth reserve deposits. China's reserves are estimated to be 36 million tonnes or roughly 30 percent of the world's total reserves.