Iran | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2018-12-25

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran


00:04:11 1 Name
00:06:37 1.1 Pronunciation
00:08:04 2 History
00:08:13 2.1 Prehistory
00:09:52 2.2 Classical antiquity
00:15:37 2.3 Medieval period
00:20:28 2.4 Early modern period
00:24:05 2.5 From the 1800s to the 1940s
00:29:05 2.6 Contemporary era
00:35:29 3 Geography
00:37:50 3.1 Climate
00:39:26 3.2 Fauna
00:40:56 3.3 Regions, provinces and cities
00:44:00 4 Government and politics
00:45:09 4.1 Leader
00:48:23 4.2 Guardian Council
00:49:14 4.3 President
00:51:14 4.4 Legislature
00:52:26 4.5 Law
00:53:26 4.6 Foreign relations
00:56:06 4.7 Military
00:58:31 5 Economy
01:02:16 5.1 Tourism
01:04:04 5.2 Energy
01:06:14 6 Education, science and technology
01:10:49 7 Demographics
01:12:22 7.1 Languages
01:14:27 7.2 Ethnic groups
01:16:41 7.3 Religion
01:19:42 8 Culture
01:20:08 8.1 Art
01:23:02 8.2 Architecture
01:23:48 8.3 Weaving
01:24:15 8.4 Literature
01:25:31 8.5 Philosophy
01:26:54 8.6 Mythology
01:28:05 8.7 Music
01:30:48 8.8 Theater
01:32:36 8.9 Cinema and animation
01:36:46 8.10 Observances
01:38:51 8.10.1 Public holidays
01:41:22 8.11 Cuisine
01:42:59 8.12 Sports
01:45:27 8.13 Media
01:48:16 9 See also



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SUMMARY
=======
Iran (Persian: ایران‎ Irān [ʔiːˈɾɒːn] (listen)), also called Persia () and officially known as the Islamic Republic of Iran (Persian: جمهوری اسلامی ایران‎ Jomhuri-ye Eslāmi-ye Irān (listen)), is a country  in Western Asia. With over 81 million inhabitants, Iran is the world's 18th most populous country. Comprising a land area of 1,648,195 km2 (636,372 sq mi), it is the second largest country in the Middle East and the 17th largest in the world. Iran is bordered to the northwest by Armenia and the Republic of Azerbaijan, to the north by the Caspian Sea, to the northeast by Turkmenistan, to the east by Afghanistan and Pakistan, to the south by the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman, and to the west by Turkey and Iraq. The country's central location in Eurasia and Western Asia, and its proximity to the Strait of Hormuz, give it geostrategic importance. Tehran is the country's capital and largest city, as well as its leading economic and cultural center.
Iran is home to one of the world's oldest civilizations, beginning with the formation of the Elamite kingdoms in the fourth millennium BCE. It was first unified by the Iranian Medes in the seventh century BCE, reaching its greatest territorial size in the sixth century BCE, when Cyrus the Great founded the Achaemenid Empire, which stretched from Eastern Europe to the Indus Valley, becoming one of the largest empires in history. The Iranian realm fell to Alexander the Great in the fourth century BCE and was divided into several Hellenistic states. An  Iranian rebellion culminated in the establishment of the Parthian Empire, which was succeeded in the third century CE by the Sasanian Empire, a leading world power for the next four centuries.Arab Muslims conquered the empire in the seventh century CE. The Islamization of Iran led to the decline of Zoroastrianism, which was by then the country's dominant religion, and Iran's major contributions to art and science spread within the Muslim rule during the Islamic Golden Age. After two centuries, a period of various native Muslim dynasties began, which were later conquered by the Seljuq Turks and the Ilkhanate Mongols. The rise of the Safavids in the 15th century led to the reestablishment of a unified Iranian state and national identity, with the country's conversion to Shia Islam marking a turning point in Iranian and Muslim history. Under Nader Shah, Iran was one of the most powerful states in the 18th century, though by the 19th century, a series of conflicts with the Russian Empire led to significant territorial losses. The Iranian Constitutional Revolution in the early 20th century led to the establishment  ...