German Democratic Republic | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2018-12-06

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
German Democratic Republic


00:03:31 1 Naming conventions
00:05:08 2 History
00:06:17 2.1 Origins
00:06:51 2.2 1949 establishment
00:09:59 2.3 Zones of occupation
00:13:00 2.4 Partition
00:21:01 2.5 GDR identity
00:22:06 2.6 iDie Wende/i (German Reunification)
00:25:56 3 Politics
00:26:32 3.1 Organization
00:29:30 4 Population
00:30:26 4.1 Vital statistics
00:30:35 4.2 Major cities
00:31:42 5 Administrative districts
00:33:31 6 Military
00:34:06 6.1 National People's Army
00:35:03 6.2 Border troops
00:35:50 6.3 Volkspolizei
00:36:21 6.4 Stasi
00:36:53 6.5 Combat groups of the working class
00:37:36 6.6 Conscientious objection
00:38:15 6.7 United States as primary threat
00:39:06 6.8 Support of Third World socialist countries
00:41:13 6.9 Soviet military occupation
00:41:23 7 Economy
00:44:06 7.1 Consumption and jobs
00:44:52 8 Religion
00:46:02 8.1 State atheism
00:47:11 8.2 Protestantism
00:50:37 8.3 Roman Catholicism
00:52:24 9 Culture
00:53:22 9.1 Music
00:56:16 9.2 Theatre
00:58:09 9.3 Cinema
01:00:50 9.4 Sport
01:04:14 9.5 Television and radio
01:04:54 10 Industry
01:05:03 10.1 Telecommunications
01:06:35 11 Official and public holidays
01:06:45 12 Legacy
01:08:04 13 Ostalgie
01:10:00 14 See also
01:10:09 15 Notes
01:10:17 16 References and bibliography
01:10:27 16.1 Historiography and memory
01:12:33 16.2 In German
01:13:07 17 External links



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SUMMARY
=======
East Germany, officially the German Democratic Republic (GDR; German: Deutsche Demokratische Republik [ˈdɔʏtʃə demoˈkʁaːtɪʃə ʁepuˈbliːk], DDR) existed from 1949 to 1990, the period when the eastern portion of Germany was a state that was part of the Eastern Bloc during the Cold War. It described itself as a socialist "workers' and peasants' state", and the territory was administered and occupied by Soviet forces at the end of World War II—the Soviet Occupation Zone of the Potsdam Agreement, bounded on the east by the Oder–Neisse line. The Soviet zone surrounded West Berlin but did not include it; as a result, West Berlin remained outside the jurisdiction of the GDR.
The German Democratic Republic was established in the Soviet zone, while the Federal Republic was established in the three western zones. East Germany was a satellite state of the Soviet Union. Soviet occupation authorities began transferring administrative responsibility to German communist leaders in 1948, and the GDR began to function as a state on 7 October 1949. However, Soviet forces remained in the country throughout the Cold War. Until 1989, the GDR was governed by the Socialist Unity Party (SED), though other parties nominally participated in its alliance organisation, the National Front of Democratic Germany. The SED made the teaching of Marxism–Leninism and the Russian language compulsory in schools.The economy was centrally planned and increasingly state-owned. Prices of housing, basic goods and services were set by central government planners rather than rising and falling through supply and demand; and were heavily subsidised. Although the GDR had to pay substantial war reparations to the USSR, it became the most successful economy in the Eastern Bloc. Emigration to the West was a significant problem – as many of the emigrants were well-educated young people, it further weakened the state economically. The government fortified its western borders and, in 1961, built the Berlin Wall. Many people attempting to leave were killed by border guards or booby traps, such as landmines. Several others were imprisoned for many years.In 1989, numerous social, economic and political forces in the GDR and abroad led to the fall of the Berlin Wall and the establishment of a government committed to liberalisation. The following year, open elections were held, and international negotiations led to the signing of the Final Settlement treaty on the status and borders of Germany. The GDR dissolved itself, and Germany was reunified on 3 October 1990, bec ...