Chemical equilibrium | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2018-12-25

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_equilibrium


00:00:34 1 Historical introduction
00:09:20 2 Thermodynamics
00:21:21 2.1 Addition of reactants or products
00:21:34 2.2 Treatment of activity
00:24:53 2.3 Concentration quotients
00:28:24 2.4 Metastable mixtures
00:30:35 3 Pure substances
00:31:29 4 Multiple equilibria
00:35:40 5 Effect of temperature
00:39:37 6 Effect of electric and magnetic fields
00:39:50 7 Types of equilibrium
00:40:10 8 Composition of a mixture
00:41:54 8.1 Mass-balance equations
00:42:11 8.1.1 Polybasic acids
00:44:10 8.1.2 Solution and precipitation
00:45:11 8.2 Minimization of Gibbs energy
00:46:55 9 See also
00:49:59 10 References
00:50:40 11 Further reading
00:52:14 12 External links



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SUMMARY
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In a chemical reaction, chemical equilibrium is the state in which both reactants and products are present in concentrations which have no further tendency to change with time, so that there is no observable change in the properties of the system. Usually, this state results when the forward reaction proceeds at the same rate as the reverse reaction. The reaction rates of the forward and backward reactions are generally not zero, but equal. Thus, there are no net changes in the concentrations of the reactant(s) and product(s). Such a state is known as dynamic equilibrium.