Charge-transfer complex | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-01-15

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charge-transfer_complex


00:02:48 1 Donor-acceptor association equilibrium
00:04:29 2 Charge-transfer transition energy
00:06:18 3 Identification of CT bands
00:07:51 4 Inorganic charge-transfer complexes
00:08:21 4.1 Ligand-to-metal charge transfer
00:10:10 4.1.1 Trend of LMCT energies
00:11:07 4.2 Metal-to-ligand charge transfer
00:12:31 4.2.1 Photoreactivity of MLCT excited states
00:13:56 4.3 Color of charge-transfer complexes
00:15:39 5 Other examples
00:17:09 6 Electrical conductivity
00:19:16 7 See also



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SUMMARY
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A charge-transfer complex (CT complex) or electron-donor-acceptor complex is an association of two or more molecules, or of different parts of one large molecule, in which a fraction of electronic charge is transferred between the molecular entities. The resulting electrostatic attraction provides a stabilizing force for the molecular complex. The source molecule from which the charge is transferred is called the electron donor and the receiving species is called the electron acceptor.
The nature of the attraction in a charge-transfer complex is not a stable chemical bond, and is thus much weaker than covalent forces. Many such complexes can undergo an electronic transition into an excited electronic state. The excitation energy of this transition occurs very frequently in the visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum, which produces the characteristic intense color for these complexes. These optical absorption bands are often referred to as charge-transfer bands (CT bands). Optical spectroscopy is a powerful technique to characterize charge-transfer bands.
Charge-transfer complexes exist in many types of molecules, inorganic as well as organic, and in solids, liquids, and solutions. A well-known example is the complex formed by iodine when combined with starch, which exhibits an intense blue charge-transfer band.
In inorganic chemistry, most charge-transfer complexes involve electron transfer between metal atoms and ligands. The charge-transfer bands of transition metal complexes result from shift of charge density between molecular orbitals (MO) that are predominantly metal in character and those that are predominantly ligand in character. If the transfer occurs from the MO with ligand-like character to the metal-like one, the complex is called a ligand-to-metal charge-transfer (LMCT) complex. If the electronic charge shifts from the MO with metal-like character to the ligand-like one, the complex is called a metal-to-ligand charge-transfer (MLCT) complex. Thus, a MLCT results in oxidation of the metal center, whereas a LMCT results in the reduction of the metal center. Resonance Raman spectroscopy is also a powerful technique to assign and characterize charge-transfer bands in these complexes.