Vaccine | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 05/05/2019

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine


00:02:36 1 Effectiveness
00:08:42 2 Adverse effects
00:10:06 3 Types
00:10:39 3.1 Inactivated
00:11:11 3.2 Attenuated
00:12:55 3.3 Toxoid
00:13:36 3.4 Subunit
00:14:49 3.5 Conjugate
00:15:26 3.6 Experimental
00:18:38 3.7 Valence
00:19:38 3.8 Heterotypic
00:20:23 4 Nomenclature
00:23:42 5 Developing immunity
00:25:29 5.1 Adjuvants and preservatives
00:27:37 6 Schedule
00:30:26 7 History
00:34:28 7.1 Timeline
00:34:37 8 Economics of development
00:36:06 9 Patents
00:37:49 10 Production
00:40:37 10.1 Excipients
00:42:54 10.2 Role of preservatives
00:44:27 11 Delivery systems
00:47:16 11.1 Plasmids
00:48:02 12 Veterinary medicine
00:50:11 13 DIVA vaccines
00:50:53 13.1 First DIVA vaccines
00:52:12 13.2 Use in practice
00:52:52 13.3 Other DIVA vaccines (under development)
00:53:26 14 Trends
00:55:49 14.1 Plants as bioreactors for vaccine production



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SUMMARY
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A vaccine is a biological preparation that provides active acquired immunity to a particular disease. A vaccine typically contains an agent that resembles a disease-causing microorganism and is often made from weakened or killed forms of the microbe, its toxins, or one of its surface proteins. The agent stimulates the body's immune system to recognize the agent as a threat, destroy it, and to further recognize and destroy any of the microorganisms associated with that agent that it may encounter in the future. Vaccines can be prophylactic (example: to prevent or ameliorate the effects of a future infection by a natural or "wild" pathogen), or therapeutic (e.g., vaccines against cancer are being investigated).The administration of vaccines is called vaccination. Vaccination is the most effective method of preventing infectious diseases; widespread immunity due to vaccination is largely responsible for the worldwide eradication of smallpox and the restriction of diseases such as polio, measles, and tetanus from much of the world. The effectiveness of vaccination has been widely studied and verified; for example, vaccines that have proven effective include the influenza vaccine, the HPV vaccine, and the chicken pox vaccine. The World Health Organization (WHO) reports that licensed vaccines are currently available for twenty-five different preventable infections.The terms vaccine and vaccination are derived from Variolae vaccinae (smallpox of the cow), the term devised by Edward Jenner to denote cowpox. He used it in 1798 in the long title of his Inquiry into the Variolae vaccinae known as the Cow Pox, in which he described the protective effect of cowpox against smallpox. In 1881, to honor Jenner, Louis Pasteur proposed that the terms should be extended to cover the new protective inoculations then being developed.