Malcolm X | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2018-12-04

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Malcolm X


00:02:11 1 Early years
00:06:12 2 Nation of Islam period
00:06:22 2.1 Prison
00:08:31 2.2 Early ministry
00:09:57 2.3 Marriage and family
00:11:05 2.4 Hinton Johnson incident
00:13:20 2.5 Increasing prominence
00:14:25 2.6 Advocacy and teachings while with Nation
00:16:48 2.7 Effect on Nation membership
00:18:12 3 Disillusionment and departure
00:18:34 3.1 Lack of NOI response to LAPD violence
00:20:22 3.2 Sexual misbehavior by Elijah Muhammad
00:21:00 3.3 NOI response to his remarks on Kennedy assassination
00:22:11 3.4 Media attention to Malcolmspan&#160;
00:22:49 3.5 Departure from NOI
00:23:28 4 Activity after leaving NOI
00:24:32 4.1 Pilgrimage to Mecca
00:25:38 4.2 Africa
00:26:57 4.3 France and United Kingdom
00:28:25 4.4 Return to United States
00:29:09 5 Death threats and intimidation from Nation of Islam
00:30:50 6 Assassination
00:33:20 6.1 Funeral
00:35:29 6.2 Reactions
00:39:28 6.3 Allegations of conspiracy
00:42:32 7 Philosophy
00:43:00 7.1 Beliefs of the Nation of Islam
00:45:18 7.2 Independent views
00:48:54 8 Legacy
00:50:52 8.1 Portrayals in film and on stage
00:52:09 8.2 Memorials and tributes



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SUMMARY
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Malcolm X
(1925–1965)
was an American Muslim minister and human rights activist. To his admirers he was a courageous advocate for the rights of blacks, a man who indicted white America in the harshest terms for its crimes against black Americans; detractors accused him of preaching racism and violence. He has been called one of the greatest and most influential African Americans in history.
His father was killed when he was six and his mother was placed in a mental hospital when he was thirteen, after which he lived in a series of foster homes. In 1946, at age 20, he went to prison for larceny and breaking and entering. While in prison, he became a member of the Nation of Islam (NOI), changing his birth name Malcolm Little to Malcolm X because, he later wrote, Little was the name that "the white slavemaster ... had imposed upon [his] paternal forebears". After his parole in 1952, he quickly rose to become one of the organization's most influential leaders, serving as the public face of the controversial group for a dozen years. In his autobiography, Malcolm X wrote proudly of some of the social achievements the Nation made while he was a member, particularly its free drug rehabilitation program. The Nation promoted black supremacy, advocated the separation of black and white Americans, and rejected the civil rights movement for its emphasis on integration.
By March 1964, Malcolm X had grown disillusioned with the Nation of Islam and its leader Elijah Muhammad. Expressing many regrets about his time with them, which he had come to regard as largely wasted, he embraced Sunni Islam. After a period of travel in Africa and the Middle East, which included completing the Hajj, he also became known as el-Hajj Malik el-Shabazz. He repudiated the Nation of Islam, disavowed racism and founded Muslim Mosque, Inc. and the Organization of Afro-American Unity. He continued to emphasize Pan-Africanism, black self-determination, and black self-defense.
On February 21, 1965, he was assassinated by three members of the Nation of Islam.