Wife selling | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-06-27

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wife_selling


00:05:12 1 History and practice
00:05:22 1.1 England
00:06:22 1.2 United States
00:07:41 1.2.1 Native Americans and other natives
00:10:28 1.2.2 People of African descent
00:12:26 1.2.2.1 Black slavery
00:15:53 1.2.3 Hawaii, among Japanese immigrants
00:17:16 1.3 China
00:17:34 1.3.1 Historic
00:20:42 1.3.2 Contemporary
00:21:12 1.4 Japan
00:22:25 1.5 India
00:25:18 1.6 Africa
00:38:42 1.7 Latin America
00:39:57 1.8 Ancient Rome
00:41:43 1.9 Babylon
00:43:08 1.10 International theology
00:43:17 1.10.1 Islam
00:46:09 1.10.2 Christianity
00:47:54 1.11 Other cultures
00:53:39 2 Ambiguous and related reports
00:53:49 2.1 Ancient Rome
00:56:44 2.2 Medieval Christians
00:58:16 2.3 Other cultures
01:00:19 3 Enemy claims
01:00:56 4 Bans of wife sale
01:01:20 4.1 Thailand
01:01:40 4.2 Indonesia
01:02:06 4.3 South African Kaffirs
01:02:28 4.4 Ancient Rome
01:04:25 4.5 Ancient Israel
01:05:10 4.6 Partial bans
01:05:40 5 Popular culture
01:05:49 5.1 United States
01:07:35 5.2 India
01:11:12 5.3 Elsewhere
01:15:19 6 Criticism
01:16:57 7 See also



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SUMMARY
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Wife selling is the practice of a husband selling his wife and may include the sale of a female by a party outside a marriage. Wife selling has had numerous purposes throughout the practice's history; and the term "wife sale" is not defined in all sources relating to the topic.
Sometimes, a wife was sold by a husband to a new husband as a means of divorce, in which case sometimes the wife was able to choose who would be her new husband, provided she chose within a certain time period, and especially if the wife was young and sexually attractive. In some societies, the wife could buy her own way out of a marriage or either spouse could have initiated this form of divorce. Reducing a husband's liability for family support and prenuptial debts was another reason for wife sale. Taxes were sometimes paid by selling a wife and children and paying the value as the required amount, especially when taxes were too high to permit basic survival. Famine leading to starvation was a reason for some sales. Gambling debts could be paid by selling a free or slave wife. A society might not allow a woman the rights reserved to men regarding spouse sale and a society might deny her any rights if her husband chose to sell her, even a right of refusal. A divorce that was by mutual consent but was without good faith by the wife at times caused the divorce to be void, allowing her to then be sold. A husband might sell his wife and then go to court seeking compensation for the new man's adultery with the wife. By one law, adultery was given as a justification for a husband selling his wife into concubinage.
A free wife might be sold into slavery, such as if she had married a serf or her husband had been murdered. Sometimes, a slave-master sold an enslaved wife. Enslaved families were often broken up and wives, husbands, and children sold to separate buyers, often never to see each other again, and a threat to sell a wife was used to keep an enslaved husband under a master's discipline. In wartime, one side might, possibly falsely, accuse the other of wife sale as a method of spying. A wife could also be treated as revenue and seized by the local government because a man had died leaving no heirs. Wife sale was sometimes the description for the sale of a wife's services; it might be for a term of years followed by freedom. If a sale was temporary, in some cases wife sale was considered temporary only in that the sold-and-remarried wife would, upon her death, be reunited with her first husband.
Constraints existed in law and practice and there were criticisms. Some societies specifically forbade wife sales, even imposing death upon husbands violating the law, but a legal p ...