Ctesiphon
Channel: 宇宙のすべての知識 プリンシピア
Date: 2019-03-19

Ctesiphon, by Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=44473 / CC BY SA 3.0

#Baghdad_Governorate
#Archaeological_sites_in_Iraq
#Twin_cities
#Parthian_cities
#Sasanian_cities
#Ancient_history_of_Iraq
#Former_populated_places_in_Iraq
#Populated_places_along_the_Silk_Road
#120s_BC_establishments
#Ctesiphon
Ctesiphon

Ctesiphon ( ; ; from Parthian or Middle Persian: "tyspwn" or "tysfwn") was an ancient city, located on the eastern bank of the Tigris, and about southeast of present-day Baghdad. Ctesiphon served as a royal capital of the Persian Empire in the Parthian and Sasanian eras for over eight hundred years. Ctesiphon remained the capital of the Sasanian Empire until the Muslim conquest of Persia in 651 AD.

Ctesiphon developed into a rich commercial metropolis, merging with the surrounding cities along both shores of the river, including the Hellenistic city of Seleucia. Ctesiphon and its environs were therefore sometimes referred to as "The Cities" (Aramaic: "Mahuza", , "al-Mada'in"). In the late sixth and early seventh century, it was one of the largest cities in the world.

During the Roman–Parthian Wars, Ctesiphon fell three times to the Romans, and later fell twice during Sasanian rule. It was also the site of the Battle of Ctesiphon in 363 AD. After the Muslim invasion the city fell into decay and was depopulated by the end of the eighth century, its place as a political and economic center taken by the Abbasid capital at Baghdad. The most conspicuous structure remaining today is the Taq Kasra, sometimes called the Archway of Ctesiphon.

The Latin name ' derives from Ancient Greek ' () is ostensibly a Greek toponym based on a personal name, although it may be a Hellenized form of a local name, reconstructed as "Tisfōn" or "Tisbōn". In Iranian-language texts of the Sasanian era, it is spelled as "tyspwn", which can be read as "Tīsfōn", "Tēsifōn", etc. in Manichaean Parthian, in Middle Persian and in Christian Sogdian (in Syriac alphabet) languages. The ...