Franciscan | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-05-06

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franciscans


00:02:46 1 Name and demographics
00:08:08 2 History
00:08:17 2.1 Beginnings
00:11:24 2.2 Francis's last years
00:14:00 2.2.1 Dissensions during Francis's life
00:16:08 2.2.2 Custody of the Holy Land
00:17:55 2.3 Development after Francis's death
00:18:05 2.3.1 Development to 1239
00:20:44 2.3.2 1239–1274
00:25:29 2.4 14th century
00:25:39 2.4.1 1274–1300
00:29:08 2.4.2 Persecution
00:30:50 2.4.3 Renewed controversy on the question of poverty
00:38:03 2.5 Separate congregations
00:38:34 2.5.1 Clareni
00:39:22 2.5.2 Minorites of Narbonne
00:39:55 2.5.3 Reform of Johannes de Vallibus
00:43:16 2.5.4 Unification
00:46:10 2.5.4.1 New World missions
00:46:19 3 Franciscans and the Inquisition
00:47:20 4 Contemporary organizations
00:47:31 4.1 First Order
00:47:40 4.1.1 Order of Friars Minor
00:49:38 4.1.2 Order of Friars Minor Conventual
00:50:21 4.1.3 Order of Friars Minor Capuchin
00:51:42 4.2 Second Order
00:51:51 4.2.1 Poor Clares
00:53:28 4.3 Third Order
00:54:54 4.3.1 Secular Franciscan Order
00:56:17 4.3.2 Third Order Regular
00:58:36 4.3.2.1 Third Order Regular in North America
01:00:54 4.3.3 Brothers and Sisters of Penance of St. Francis
01:01:46 4.3.4 Other tertiaries
01:03:09 4.4 Other Franciscan organizations
01:04:25 4.5 Other Christian traditions
01:06:23 5 Distinguishing characteristics
01:06:34 5.1 Spirituality
01:08:07 5.2 Visions and stigmata
01:10:02 5.3 Contributions to biblical scholarship
01:11:13 5.4 Notable members
01:15:03 6 See also



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SUMMARY
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The Franciscans are a group of related mendicant religious orders within the Catholic Church, founded in 1209 by Saint Francis of Assisi.  These orders include the Order of Friars Minor, the Order of Saint Clare, and the Third Order of Saint Francis. They adhere to the teachings and spiritual disciplines of the founder and of his main associates and followers, such as Clare of Assisi, Anthony of Padua, and Elizabeth of Hungary, among many others.Francis began preaching around 1207 and traveled to Rome to seek approval from Pope Innocent III in 1209 to form a new religious order.  The original Rule of Saint Francis approved by the Pope disallowed ownership of property, requiring members of the order to beg for food while preaching.  The austerity was meant to emulate the life and ministry of Jesus Christ.  Franciscans traveled and preached in the streets, while boarding in church properties.  Saint Clare, under Francis's guidance, founded the Poor Clares (Order of Saint Clare) in 1212, which remains a Second Order of the Franciscans.  The extreme poverty required of members was relaxed in the final revision of the Rule in 1223.  The degree of observance required of members remained a major source of conflict within the order, resulting in numerous secessions.The Order of Friars Minor, previously known as the "Observant" branch, is one of the three Franciscan First Orders within the Catholic Church, the others being the "Conventuals" (formed 1517) and "Capuchins" (1520).  The Order of Friars Minor, in its current form, is the result of an amalgamation of several smaller orders completed in 1897 by Pope Leo XIII.  The latter two, the Capuchin and Conventual, remain distinct religious institutes within the Catholic Church, observing the Rule of Saint Francis with different emphases. Conventual Franciscans are sometimes referred to as minorites or greyfriars because of their habit. In Poland and Lithuania they are known as Bernardines, after Bernardino of Siena, although the term elsewhere refers to Cistercians instead.