Pharisees | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2018-12-15

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Pharisees


00:02:18 1 Etymology
00:02:46 2 Sources
00:04:52 3 History (c.&#160;600 BC – c.&#160;160&#160;BC)
00:08:44 4 Emergence of the Pharisees
00:12:15 5 The Hasmonean period
00:14:37 6 The Roman period
00:17:34 7 The Pharisaic legacy
00:18:05 7.1 Beliefs
00:19:22 7.1.1 Monotheism
00:20:22 7.1.2 Wisdom
00:21:06 7.1.3 Free will and predestination
00:21:46 7.1.4 The afterlife
00:22:32 7.2 Practices
00:22:41 7.2.1 A kingdom of priests
00:25:20 7.2.2 The Oral Torah
00:29:56 7.2.3 Innovators or preservers
00:32:15 7.2.4 Significance of debate and study of the law
00:33:43 8 From Pharisees to rabbis
00:37:07 8.1 Post-Temple developments
00:43:23 9 Pharisees and Christianity
00:48:30 10 See also



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SUMMARY
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The Pharisees () were at various times a political party, a social movement, and a school of thought in the Holy Land during the time of Second Temple Judaism. After the destruction of the Second Temple in 70 CE, Pharisaic beliefs became the foundational, liturgical and ritualistic basis for Rabbinic Judaism.
Conflicts between Pharisees and Sadducees took place in the context of much broader and longstanding social and religious conflicts among Jews, made worse by the Roman conquest. Another conflict was cultural, between those who favored Hellenization (the Sadducees) and those who resisted it (the Pharisees). A third was juridico-religious, between those who emphasized the importance of the Second Temple with its rites and services, and those who emphasized the importance of other Mosaic Laws. A fourth point of conflict, specifically religious, involved different interpretations of the Torah and how to apply it to current Jewish life, with Sadducees recognizing only the Written Torah (with Greek philosophy) and rejecting doctrines such as the Oral Torah, the Prophets, the Writings, and the resurrection of the dead.
Josephus (37 – c. 100 CE), believed by many historians to be a Pharisee, estimated the total Pharisee population before the fall of the Second Temple to be around 6,000. Josephus claimed that Pharisees received the full support and goodwill of the common people, apparently in contrast to the more elite Sadducees, who were the upper class. Pharisees claimed Mosaic authority for their interpretation of Jewish Laws, while Sadducees represented the authority of the priestly privileges and prerogatives established since the days of Solomon, when Zadok, their ancestor, officiated as High Priest. The phrase "common people" in Josephus' writings suggests that most Jews were "just Jewish people", distinguishing them from the main liturgical groups.
Outside Jewish history and literature, Pharisees have been made notable by references in the New Testament to conflicts with John the Baptist and with Jesus. There are also several references in the New Testament to the Apostle Paul being a Pharisee. The relationship between Early Christianity and Pharisees was not always hostile however: e.g. Gamaliel is often cited as a Pharisaic leader who was sympathetic to Christians.