Consumerism | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 09/01/2019

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consumerism


00:02:10 1 Term
00:05:22 2 History
00:05:31 2.1 Origins
00:07:43 2.2 Culture of consumption
00:12:13 2.3 Mass production
00:15:10 2.4 In the 21st century
00:18:42 3 Criticism
00:18:51 3.1 Overview
00:26:11 3.2 Consumerism as cultural ideology
00:29:08 4 See also
00:29:17 4.1 Consumerism and anti-consumerism in popular culture



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SUMMARY
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Consumerism is a social and economic order that encourages the acquisition of goods and services in ever-increasing amounts. With the industrial revolution, but particularly in the 20th century, mass production led to an economic crisis: there was overproduction — the supply of goods would grow beyond consumer demand, and so manufacturers turned to planned obsolescence and advertising to manipulate consumer spending. In 1899, a book on consumerism published under the name, Thorstein Veblen, called The Theory of the Leisure Class, examined the widespread values and economic institutions emerging along with the widespread "leisure time" in the beginning of the 20th century. In it Veblen "views the activities and spending habits of this leisure class in terms of conspicuous and vicarious consumption and waste. Both are related to the display of status and not to functionality or usefulness."In economics, consumerism may refer to economic policies which emphasise consumption. In an abstract sense, it is the consideration that the free choice of consumers should strongly orient the choice by manufacturers of what is produced and how, and therefore orient the economic organization of a society (compare producerism, especially in the British sense of the term). In this sense, consumerism expresses the idea not of "one man, one voice", but of "one dollar, one voice", which may or may not reflect the contribution of people to society.

In the almost complete absence of other sustained macro-political and social narratives — concern about global climate change notwithstanding — the pursuit of the 'good life' through practices of what is known as 'consumerism' has become one of the dominant global social forces, cutting across differences of religion, class, gender, ethnicity and nationality. It is the other side of the dominant ideology of market globalism and is central to what Manfred Steger calls the 'global imaginary'.