China | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2018-12-31

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China


00:03:22 1 Names
00:06:13 2 History
00:06:22 2.1 Prehistory
00:07:29 2.2 Early dynastic rule
00:08:59 2.3 Imperial China
00:15:25 2.4 End of dynastic rule
00:18:05 2.5 Republic of China (1912–1949)
00:21:22 2.6 People's Republic of China (1949–present)
00:25:45 3 Geography
00:26:47 3.1 Landscape and climate
00:29:26 3.2 Biodiversity
00:32:17 3.3 Environmental issues
00:36:01 3.4 Political geography
00:37:52 4 Politics
00:39:12 4.1 Communist Party
00:40:27 4.2 Government
00:41:50 4.3 Administrative divisions
00:42:57 4.4 Foreign relations
00:45:02 4.4.1 Trade relations
00:48:30 4.4.2 Territorial disputes
00:50:08 4.4.3 Emerging superpower status
00:50:59 4.5 Sociopolitical issues, human rights and reform
00:57:08 5 Military
01:00:57 6 Economy
01:02:22 6.1 Economic history and growth
01:05:59 6.2 China in the global economy
01:09:19 6.3 Class and income inequality
01:10:57 7 Science and technology
01:11:08 7.1 Historical
01:12:30 7.2 Modern era
01:15:37 8 Infrastructure
01:15:46 8.1 Telecommunications
01:17:34 8.2 Transport
01:22:54 8.3 Water supply and sanitation
01:23:45 9 Demographics
01:27:08 9.1 Ethnic groups
01:28:40 9.2 Languages
01:31:07 9.3 Urbanization
01:32:40 9.4 Education
01:35:28 9.5 Health
01:38:05 9.6 Religion
01:41:26 10 Culture
01:44:17 10.1 Literature
01:46:24 10.2 Cuisine
01:48:06 10.3 Sports
01:51:09 11 See also



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Voice name: en-GB-Wavenet-A


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SUMMARY
=======
China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia and the world's most populous country, with a population of around 1.404 billion. Covering approximately 9,600,000 square kilometers (3,700,000 sq mi), it is the third- or fourth-largest country by total area. Governed by the Communist Party of China, the state exercises jurisdiction over 22 provinces, five autonomous regions, four direct-controlled municipalities (Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, and Chongqing), and the special administrative regions of Hong Kong and Macau.
China emerged as one of the world's earliest civilizations, in the fertile basin of the Yellow River in the North China Plain. For millennia, China's political system was based on hereditary monarchies, or dynasties, beginning with the semi-legendary Xia dynasty in 21st century BCE. Since then, China has expanded, fractured, and re-unified numerous times. In the 3rd century BCE, the Qin reunited core China and established the first Chinese empire. The succeeding Han dynasty, which ruled from 206 BC until 220 AD, saw some of the most advanced technology at that time, including papermaking and the compass, along with agricultural and medical improvements. The invention of gunpowder and movable type in the Tang dynasty (618–907) and Northern Song (960–1127) completed the Four Great Inventions. Tang culture spread widely in Asia, as the new Silk Route brought traders to as far as Mesopotamia and Horn of Africa. Dynastic rule ended in 1912 with the Xinhai Revolution, when a republic replaced the Qing dynasty. The Chinese Civil War resulted in a division of territory in 1949, when the Communist Party of China established the People's Republic of China, a unitary one-party sovereign state on Mainland China, while the Kuomintang-led government retreated to the island of Taiwan. The political status of Taiwan remains disputed.
Since the introduction of economic reforms in 1978, China's economy has been one of the world's fastest-growing with annual growth rates consistently above 6 percent. As of  2016, it is the world's second-largest economy by nominal GDP and largest by purchasing power parity (PPP). China is also the world's largest exporter and second-largest importer of goods. China is a recognized nuclear weapons state and has the world's largest standing army and second-largest defense budget. The PRC i ...