Dunning Kruger effect, Hindsight bias, Bandwagon effect, Bias blind spot. #psychology #research
Channel: SPM & Research with Dr Rock Britto
Date: 2023-12-15

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Dunning-Kruger Effect:

Definition: The Dunning-Kruger effect is a cognitive bias wherein individuals with low ability at a task overestimate their ability. Conversely, those with high ability may underestimate their competence. Essentially, it's a cognitive bias where people who are incompetent at a particular task are unable to recognize their own incompetence.
Example: An individual with minimal knowledge of a complex subject may think they understand it well and may even consider themselves experts, while true experts might doubt their understanding.
Hindsight Bias:

Definition: Hindsight bias, also known as the "I-knew-it-all-along" phenomenon, is the inclination to see events as having been predictable after they have already occurred. People tend to perceive events as being more predictable than they actually were before they happened.
Example: After a surprising sports upset, individuals might say, "I knew all along they were going to lose," even if they didn't express that belief before the game.
Bandwagon Effect:

Definition: The bandwagon effect is a psychological phenomenon where people tend to do or believe things because many others do or believe the same. It's a form of conformity where the popularity or prevalence of a belief or behavior influences others to adopt it.
Example: If a particular fashion trend becomes popular, more people may adopt it because they want to be part of the "in" crowd, regardless of their personal preferences.
Bias Blind Spot:

Definition: The bias blind spot is the cognitive bias of recognizing the impact of biases on the judgment of others while failing to see the impact of biases on one's own judgment. In other words, individuals may be unaware of their own cognitive biases while easily recognizing them in others.
Example: A person may criticize others for being overly optimistic about a project's success while failing to realize their own tendency to be overly optimistic in similar situations.
These cognitive biases highlight how our thinking processes can be influenced by various factors, leading to errors in judgment, perception, and decision-making. Recognizing these biases is a crucial step in promoting more accurate and rational thinking.

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