Commodity computing | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-01-15

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commodity_computing


00:01:46 1 History
00:01:55 1.1 The mid-1960s to early 1980s
00:03:24 1.2 The 1980s to mid-1990s
00:05:08 1.3 Today
00:05:36 2 Deployment
00:06:03 3 See also



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SUMMARY
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Commodity computing (also known as commodity cluster computing) involves the use of large numbers of already-available computing components for parallel computing, to get the greatest amount of useful computation at low cost. It is computing done in commodity computers as opposed to in high-cost superminicomputers or in boutique computers. Commodity computers are computer systems - manufactured by multiple vendors - incorporating components based on open standards.  Such systems are said to be based on commodity components, since the standardization process promotes lower costs and less differentiation among vendors' products. Standardization and decreased differentiation lower the switching or exit cost from any given vendor, increasing purchasers' leverage and preventing lock-in. A governing principle of commodity computing is that it is preferable to have more low-performance, low-cost hardware working in parallel (scalar computing) (e.g. AMD x86 CISC) than to have fewer high-performance, high-cost hardware items (e.g. IBM POWER7 or Sun-Oracle's SPARC RISC). At some point, the number of discrete systems in a cluster will be greater than the mean time between failures (MTBF) for any hardware platform, no matter how reliable, so fault tolerance must be built into the controlling software.
Purchases should be optimized on cost-per-unit-of-performance, not just on absolute performance-per-CPU at any cost.