Catalyst | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2018-12-08

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Catalyst


00:01:21 1 Technical perspective
00:03:37 2 Background
00:05:42 3 General principles
00:05:51 3.1 Units
00:06:48 3.2 Typical mechanism
00:08:04 3.3 Reaction energetics
00:08:56 3.4 Materials
00:11:46 4 Types
00:13:26 4.1 Heterogeneous catalysts
00:13:47 4.1.1 Electrocatalysts
00:16:47 4.2 Homogeneous catalysts
00:17:25 4.2.1 Organocatalysis
00:18:26 4.3 Photocatalysts
00:19:40 4.4 Enzymes and biocatalysts
00:20:18 4.5 Nanocatalysts
00:21:41 4.6 Tandem catalysis
00:22:04 4.7 Autocatalysis
00:22:20 5 Significance
00:23:19 5.1 Energy processing
00:23:52 5.2 Bulk chemicals
00:25:01 5.3 Fine chemicals
00:26:05 5.4 Food processing
00:26:38 5.5 Environment
00:27:01 6 History
00:27:40 7 Inhibitors, poisons, and promoters
00:29:36 8 Current market
00:31:38 9 See also



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SUMMARY
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Catalysis is the process of increasing the rate of a chemical reaction by adding a substance known as a catalyst (), which is not consumed in the catalyzed reaction and can continue to act repeatedly. Because of this, only very small amounts of catalyst are required to alter the reaction rate in principle.In general, chemical reactions occur faster in the presence of a catalyst because the catalyst provides an alternative reaction mechanism with a lower activation energy than the non-catalyzed mechanism. In catalyzed mechanisms, the catalyst usually reacts to form a temporary intermediate, which then regenerates the original catalyst in a cyclic process.
A substance which provides a mechanism with a higher activation energy does not decrease the rate because the reaction can still occur by the non-catalyzed route. An added substance which does reduce the reaction rate is not considered a catalyst but a reaction inhibitor (see below).
Catalysts may be classified as either homogeneous or heterogeneous. A homogeneous catalyst is one whose molecules are dispersed in the same phase (usually gaseous or liquid) as the reactant's molecules. A heterogeneous catalyst is one whose molecules are not in the same phase as the reactant's, which are typically gases or liquids that are adsorbed onto the surface of the solid catalyst. Enzymes and other biocatalysts are often considered as a third category.