Piezoelectric microbalance | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-01-17

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quartz_crystal_microbalance


00:01:33 1 General
00:01:45 2 Gravimetric and non-gravimetric QCM
00:04:17 3 Surface acoustic wave-based sensors
00:06:54 4 Instrumental
00:08:20 4.1 Resonator crystals
00:08:30 4.2 Electromechanical coupling
00:09:18 4.3 Shear waves decay in liquids and gases
00:10:37 4.4 Modes of operation
00:11:41 4.5 Energy trapping
00:12:50 4.6 Overtones
00:13:52 4.7 Amplitude of motion
00:14:40 4.8 Effects of temperature and stress
00:15:01 4.9 Electrochemical QCM
00:16:07 5 Quantification of dissipative processes
00:16:26 6 Equivalent circuits
00:18:53 7 Small-load approximation
00:19:32 8 Viscoelastic modeling
00:20:15 8.1 Assumptions
00:20:24 8.2 Semi-infinite viscoelastic medium
00:21:45 8.3 Inertial loading (Sauerbrey equation)
00:23:31 8.4 Viscoelastic film
00:24:51 8.5 Viscoelastic film in liquid
00:25:43 8.6 Derivation of viscoelastic constants
00:27:55 8.7 Interpretation of the Sauerbrey thickness
00:34:30 9 Point contacts
00:34:40 10 See also
00:35:40 11 References
00:38:31 12 External links
00:38:55 const, η’’
00:42:05 Inertial loading (Sauerbrey equation)
00:46:11 2·π·f /cF
00:47:24 Viscoelastic film
00:48:30 ρFcF
00:48:59 π/2) define the film resonances.  At the film resonance, one has dF
00:49:47 ρFcF and its mass per unit area, mF
00:50:04 ω/cF is not algebraically independent from ZF and mF.  Unless the density of the film is known independently, the QCM can only measure mass per unit area, never the geometric thickness itself.
00:50:23 Viscoelastic film in liquid
00:54:40 Derivation of viscoelastic constants
00:57:54 Interpretation of the Sauerbrey thickness
01:01:18 Point contacts
01:03:38 See also



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SUMMARY
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A quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) measures a mass variation per unit area by measuring the change in frequency of a quartz crystal resonator.  The resonance is disturbed by the addition or removal of a small mass due to oxide growth/decay or film deposition at the surface of the acoustic resonator. The QCM can be used under vacuum, in gas phase ("gas sensor", first use described by King) and more recently in liquid environments. It is useful for monitoring the rate of deposition in thin film deposition systems under vacuum. In liquid, it is highly effective at determining the affinity of molecules (proteins, in particular) to surfaces functionalized with recognition sites.  Larger entities such as viruses or polymers are investigated, as well.  QCM has also been used to investigate interactions between biomolecules. Frequency measurements are easily made to high precision (discussed below); hence, it is easy to measure mass densities down to a level of below 1 μg/cm2. In addition to measuring the frequency, the dissipation factor (equivalent to the resonance bandwidth) is often measured to help analysis. The dissipation factor is the inverse quality factor of the resonance, Q−1 = w/fr (see below); it quantifies the damping in the system and is related to the sample's viscoelastic properties.