Radiation poisoning | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-06-23

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acute_radiation_syndrome


00:02:45 1 Signs and symptoms
00:06:03 1.1 Dose effects
00:06:12 1.2 Skin changes
00:07:41 1.3 Cancer
00:09:03 2 Cause
00:10:58 2.1 Spaceflight
00:11:49 3 Pathophysiology
00:12:41 3.1 DNA damage
00:14:04 4 Diagnosis
00:16:43 5 Prevention
00:17:17 5.1 Time
00:17:26 5.2 Distance
00:18:57 5.3 Shielding
00:19:33 5.4 Reduction of incorporation
00:23:30 5.5 Fractionation of dose
00:24:23 6 Management
00:25:28 6.1 Antimicrobials
00:25:51 7 History
00:28:50 7.1 Notable incidents
00:31:23 8 Other animals
00:33:09 9 See also



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SUMMARY
=======
Acute radiation syndrome (ARS), also known as radiation sickness, is a collection of health effects due to exposure to high amounts of ionizing radiation over a short period of time. Within the first days symptoms may include nausea, vomiting, and loss of appetite. This may then be followed by a few hours or weeks with little symptoms. After this, depending on the total dose of radiation, people may develop infections, bleeding, dehydration, and confusion, or there may be a period with few symptoms. This is finally followed by either recovery or death. The symptoms can begin within one hour and may last for several months.The radiation generally occurs from a source outside the body, is applied over minutes with most of the body being exposed, and involves a total dose of greater than 0.7 Gy (70 rads). It is generally divided into three types: i) bone marrow syndrome (0.7 to 10 Gy); ii) gastrointestinal syndrome (10 to 50 Gy); and iii) neurovascular syndrome (50 Gy). Sources of such radiation may include nuclear reactors, cyclotrons, and certain devices used in cancer therapy. The cells that are most affected are generally those that are rapidly dividing. Diagnosis is based on a history of exposure and symptoms. Repeated complete blood counts (CBCs) can indicate the severity of exposure.Treatment of acute radiation syndrome is generally supportive care. This may include blood transfusions, antibiotics, colony stimulating factors, or stem cell transplant. If radioactive material remains on the skin or in the stomach it should be removed. If radioiodine was breathed in or ingested, potassium iodide may be recommended. Complications such as leukemia and other cancers among those who survive are managed as usual. Short term outcomes depend on the exposure dose.ARS is generally rare. A single event, however, can affect a relatively large number of people. Notable cases occurred following the atomic bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki and the Chernobyl nuclear power plant disaster. ARS differs from chronic radiation syndrome, which occurs following prolonged exposures to relatively low doses of radiation.