Physiology of underwater diving | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-03-26

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physiology_of_underwater_diving


00:02:31 1 Immersion
00:04:16 2 Exposure
00:07:35 3 Breathhold limitations
00:15:12 4 Ambient pressure changes
00:19:27 5 Breathing under pressure
00:20:40 5.1 Metabolically inert components of the breathing gas
00:20:52 5.1.1 Absorption and release of inert gases
00:25:24 5.1.2 Inert gas narcosis
00:31:47 5.1.3 High pressure nervous syndrome
00:33:50 5.2 Hyperbaric gas toxicity
00:34:00 5.2.1 Oxygen toxicity
00:38:06 5.2.2 Carbon dioxide toxicity
00:42:31 5.2.3 Toxicity of contaminants in the breathing gas
00:43:37 5.3 Work of breathing
00:44:37 5.3.1 Positive and negative pressure breathing
00:46:07 5.4 Use of breathing apparatus
00:49:28 6 Sensory impairment
00:49:38 6.1 Vision
00:52:01 6.2 Hearing
00:55:36 6.3 Touch
00:56:18 6.4 Balance
00:57:07 6.5 Proprioception
00:57:54 6.6 Smell and taste
00:58:24 7 Adaptation in other animals



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SUMMARY
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Physiology of underwater diving is the physiological influences of the underwater environment on the physiology of air-breathing animals, and the adaptations to operating underwater, both during breath-hold dives and while breathing at ambient pressure from a suitable breathing gas supply.  It, therefore, includes both the physiology of breath-hold diving in humans and other air-breathing animals, and the range of physiological effects generally limited to human ambient pressure divers either freediving or using underwater breathing apparatus. Several factors influence the diver, including immersion, exposure to the water, the limitations of breath-hold endurance, variations in ambient pressure, the effects of breathing gases at raised ambient pressure, effects caused by the use of breathing apparatus, and sensory impairment. All of these may affect diver performance and safety.Immersion affects fluid balance, circulation and work of breathing. Exposure to cold water can result in the harmful cold shock response, the helpful diving reflex and excessive loss of body heat. Breath-hold duration is limited by oxygen reserves, and the risk of hypoxic blackout, which has a high associated risk of drowning.Large or sudden changes in ambient pressure have the potential for injury known as barotrauma. Breathing under pressure involves several effects. Metabolically inactive gases are absorbed by the tissues and may have narcotic or other undesirable effects, and must be released slowly to avoid the formation of bubbles during decompression. Metabolically active gases have a greater effect in proportion to their concentration, which is proportional to their partial pressure, which for contaminants is increased in proportion to absolute ambient pressure.Work of breathing is increased by increased density of the breathing gas, artifacts of the breathing apparatus, and hydrostatic pressure variations due to posture in the water. The underwater environment also affects sensory input, which can impact on safety and the ability to function effectively at depth.