Berlin | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2018-12-25

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berlin


00:03:35 1 History
00:03:44 1.1 Etymology
00:05:31 1.2 12th to 16th centuries
00:08:01 1.3 17th to 19th centuries
00:10:34 1.4 20th to 21st centuries
00:16:43 2 Geography
00:16:52 2.1 Topography
00:18:46 2.2 Climate
00:20:16 2.3 Cityscape
00:22:15 2.4 Architecture
00:27:49 3 Demographics
00:29:48 3.1 Nationalities
00:32:23 3.2 Languages
00:33:39 3.3 Religion
00:36:24 4 Government
00:36:33 4.1 City state
00:38:08 4.2 Boroughs
00:39:20 4.3 Twin towns – sister cities
00:40:37 4.4 Capital city
00:42:48 5 Economy
00:44:26 5.1 Companies
00:45:51 5.2 Tourism and conventions
00:47:52 5.3 Creative industries
00:49:08 5.4 Media
00:50:57 6 Infrastructure
00:51:06 6.1 Transport
00:55:33 6.2 Energy
00:56:44 6.3 Health
00:58:09 6.4 Telecommunication
00:59:28 7 Education
01:00:40 7.1 Higher education
01:02:11 7.2 Research
01:03:36 8 Culture
01:04:28 8.1 Galleries and museums
01:07:36 8.2 Nightlife and festivals
01:10:43 8.3 Performing arts
01:13:11 8.4 Cuisine
01:14:51 8.5 Recreation
01:16:50 8.6 Sports
01:18:45 9 See also



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SUMMARY
=======
Berlin (; German pronunciation: [bɛɐ̯ˈliːn]) is the capital and largest city of Germany by both area and population. Its 3,711,930 (2017) inhabitants make it the second most populous city proper of the European Union after London. The city is one of Germany's 16 federal states. It is surrounded by the state of Brandenburg, with whose capital of Potsdam it is contiguous. The two cities are at the center of the Berlin/Brandenburg Metropolitan Region, which is, with 6,004,857 (2015) inhabitants and an area of 30,370 square km, Germany's third-largest metropolitan region after the Rhine-Ruhr and Rhine-Main regions.

Berlin straddles the banks of the River Spree, which flows into the River Havel (a tributary of the River Elbe) in the western borough of Spandau. Due to its location in the European Plain, Berlin is influenced by a temperate seasonal climate. About one-third of the city's area is composed of forests, parks, gardens, rivers, canals and lakes. Among the city's main topographical features are the many lakes in the western and southeastern boroughs formed by the Spree, Havel, and Dahme rivers (the largest of which is Lake Müggelsee), and the Tiergarten urban park. The city lies in the Central German dialect area, the Berlin dialect being a variant of the Lusatian-New Marchian dialects.
First documented in the 13th century and situated at the crossing of two important historic trade routes, Berlin became the capital of the Margraviate of Brandenburg (1417–1701), the Kingdom of Prussia (1701–1918), the German Empire (1871–1918), the Weimar Republic (1919–1933), and the Third Reich (1933–1945). Berlin in the 1920s was the third largest municipality in the world. After World War II and its subsequent occupation by the victorious countries, the city was divided; West Berlin became a de facto West German exclave, surrounded by the Berlin Wall (1961–1989) and East German territory. East Berlin was declared capital of East Germany, while Bonn became the West German capital. Following German reunification in 1990, Berlin once again became the capital of all of Germany.
Berlin is a world city of culture, politics, media and science. Its economy is based on high-tech firms and the service sector, encompassing a diverse range of creative industries, research facilities, media corporations and convention venues. Berlin serves as a continental hub for air and rail traffic and has a highly complex public transportation network. The metropolis is a popular tourist destination. Significant industries also include IT, pharmaceuticals, biomedical engineering, clean tech, biotechnology, construction and electronics.
Berlin is home to world-renowned universities, orchestras, museums, and entertainment venues, and is host to many spo ...