Stealth technology | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-01-11

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stealth_technology


00:02:13 1 History
00:08:46 2 Principles
00:09:18 3 Radar cross-section (RCS) reductions
00:10:27 3.1 Vehicle shape
00:10:36 3.1.1 Aircraft
00:16:42 3.1.2 Ships
00:17:25 3.2 Materials
00:17:33 3.2.1 Non-metallic airframe
00:18:05 3.2.2 Radar-absorbing material
00:19:31 3.3 Radar stealth countermeasures and limits
00:19:41 3.3.1 Low-frequency radar
00:20:34 3.3.2 Multiple emitters
00:21:13 3.3.3 Moore's law
00:21:33 3.3.4 Ship's wakes and spray
00:22:00 4 Acoustics
00:23:20 5 Visibility
00:24:51 6 Infrared
00:26:36 7 Reducing radio frequency (RF) emissions
00:27:21 8 Measuring
00:29:00 9 Tactics
00:30:47 10 Research
00:34:13 11 List of stealth aircraft
00:34:39 12 List of stealth ships
00:34:49 13 See also



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SUMMARY
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Stealth technology also termed low observable technology (LO technology) is a sub-discipline of military tactics and passive and also active electronic countermeasures, which cover a range of techniques used with personnel, aircraft, ships, submarines, missiles, satellites and ground vehicles to make them less visible (ideally invisible) to radar, infrared, sonar and other detection methods. It corresponds to military camouflage for these parts of the electromagnetic spectrum (Multi-spectral camouflage).
Development of modern stealth technologies in the United States began in 1958, where earlier attempts in preventing radar tracking of its U-2 spy planes during the Cold War by the Soviet Union had been unsuccessful. Designers turned to develop a particular shape for planes that tended to reduce detection by redirecting electromagnetic waves from radars. Radar-absorbent material was also tested and made to reduce or block radar signals that reflect off from the surface of planes. Such changes to shape and surface composition form stealth technology as currently used on the Northrop Grumman B-2 Spirit "Stealth Bomber".The concept of stealth is to operate or hide without giving enemy forces any indications as to the presence of friendly forces. This concept was first explored through camouflage by blending into the background visual clutter. As the potency of detection and interception technologies (radar, Infra-red search and track, surface-to-air missiles, etc.) have increased over time, so too has the extent to which the design and operation of military personnel and vehicles have been affected in response. Some military uniforms are treated with chemicals to reduce their infrared signature. A modern "stealth" vehicle is designed from the outset to have a chosen spectral signature. The degree of stealth embodied in a particular design is chosen according to the predicted capabilities of projected threats.