Borough
Channel: all the knowledge of the universe PRINCIPIA
Date: 2021-12-08

Borough, by Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4856 / CC BY SA 3.0

#Boroughs
#Local_government_in_Canada
#Types_of_subdivision_in_the_United_Kingdom
#Types_of_populated_places
#Types_of_administrative_division
#English_words
A borough is an administrative division in various English-speaking countries.
In principle, the term borough designates a self-governing walled town, although in practice, official use of the term varies widely.
A burg in the Beowulf In the Middle Ages, boroughs were settlements in England that were granted some self-government; burghs were the Scottish equivalent.
In medieval England, boroughs were also entitled to elect members of parliament.
The use of the word borough probably derives from the burghal system of Alfred the Great.
Alfred set up a system of defensive strong points （Burhs）; in order to maintain these particular settlements, he granted them a degree of autonomy.
After the Norman Conquest, when certain towns were granted self-governance, the concept of the burh/borough seems to have been reused to mean a self-governing settlement.
The concept of the borough has been used repeatedly （and often differently） throughout the world.
Often, a borough is a single town with its own local government.
However, in some cities it is a subdivision of the city （for example, New York City, London, and Montreal）.
In such cases, the borough will normally have either limited powers delegated to it by the city's local government, or no powers at all.
In other places, such as the U.S. state of Alaska, borough designates a whole region; Alaska's largest borough, the North Slope Borough, is comparable in area to the entire United Kingdom,
although its population is less than that of Swanage on England's south coast with around 9,600 inhabitants.
In Australia, a borough was once a self-governing small town, but this designation has all but vanished, except for the only remaining borough in the country, which is the Borough of Queenscliffe.
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