Alzheimer's disease | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-05-05

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alzheimer%27s_disease


00:02:40 1 Signs and symptoms
00:02:57 1.1 Pre-dementia
00:04:21 1.2 Early
00:05:39 1.3 Moderate
00:07:01 1.4 Advanced
00:07:51 2 Cause
00:08:14 2.1 Genetic
00:11:21 2.2 Cholinergic hypothesis
00:11:51 2.3 Amyloid hypothesis
00:14:49 2.4 Tau hypothesis
00:15:29 2.5 Other hypotheses
00:17:51 3 Pathophysiology
00:18:00 3.1 Neuropathology
00:19:23 3.2 Biochemistry
00:21:04 3.3 Disease mechanism
00:22:30 4 Diagnosis
00:23:38 4.1 Criteria
00:25:01 4.2 Techniques
00:27:16 5 Prevention
00:27:58 5.1 Medication
00:28:57 5.2 Lifestyle
00:29:54 5.3 Diet
00:31:55 6 Management
00:32:17 6.1 Medications
00:35:05 6.2 Psychosocial intervention
00:38:12 6.3 Caregiving
00:39:42 7 Prognosis
00:41:08 8 Epidemiology
00:43:39 9 History
00:45:37 10 Society and culture
00:45:46 10.1 Social costs
00:47:17 10.2 Caregiving burden
00:48:45 10.3 Media
00:49:47 11 Research directions
00:49:56 11.1 Medication
00:52:11 11.2 Behavioral prevention
00:52:35 11.3 Possible transmission
00:52:51 11.4 Infections
00:54:05 11.5 Imaging
00:55:21 11.6 Diagnosis



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SUMMARY
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Alzheimer's disease (AD), also referred to simply as Alzheimer's, is a chronic neurodegenerative disease that usually starts slowly and gradually worsens over time. It is the cause of 60–70% of cases of dementia. The most common early symptom is difficulty in remembering recent events. As the disease advances, symptoms can include problems with language, disorientation (including easily getting lost), mood swings, loss of motivation, not managing self care, and behavioural issues. As a person's condition declines, they often withdraw from family and society. Gradually, bodily functions are lost, ultimately leading to death. Although the speed of progression can vary, the typical life expectancy following diagnosis is three to nine years.The cause of Alzheimer's disease is poorly understood. About 70% of the risk is believed to be inherited from a person's parents with many genes usually involved. Other risk factors include a history of head injuries, depression, and hypertension. The disease process is associated with plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain. A probable diagnosis is based on the history of the illness and cognitive testing with medical imaging and blood tests to rule out other possible causes. Initial symptoms are often mistaken for normal ageing. Examination of brain tissue is needed for a definite diagnosis. Mental and physical exercise, and avoiding obesity may decrease the risk of AD; however, evidence to support these recommendations is weak. There are no medications or supplements that have been shown to decrease risk.No treatments stop or reverse its progression, though some may temporarily improve symptoms. Affected people increasingly rely on others for assistance, often placing a burden on the caregiver. The pressures can include social, psychological, physical, and economic elements. Exercise programs may be beneficial with respect to activities of daily living and can potentially improve outcomes. Behavioural problems or psychosis due to dementia are often treated with antipsychotics, but this is not usually recommended, as there is little benefit with an increased risk of early death.In 2015, there were approximately 29.8 million people worldwide with AD. It most often begins in people over 65 years of age, although 4–5% of cases are early-onset Alzheimer's. It affects about 6% of people 65 years and older. In 2015, dementia resulted in about 1.9 million deaths. It was first described by, and later named after, German psychiatrist and pathologist Alois Alzheimer in 1906. In developed countries, AD is one of the most financially costly diseases.