Patterns in nature | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-06-09

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patterns_in_nature


00:01:59 1 History
00:08:27 2 Causes
00:10:39 3 Types of pattern
00:10:48 3.1 Symmetry
00:13:05 3.2 Trees, fractals
00:14:31 3.3 Spirals
00:17:41 3.4 Chaos, flow, meanders
00:19:32 3.5 Waves, dunes
00:21:23 3.6 Bubbles, foam
00:24:32 3.7 Tessellations
00:26:03 3.8 Cracks
00:27:22 3.9 Spots, stripes
00:28:45 3.10 Pattern formation
00:33:52 4 See also



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SUMMARY
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Patterns in nature are visible regularities of form found in the natural world. These patterns recur in different contexts and can sometimes be modelled mathematically. Natural patterns include symmetries, trees, spirals, meanders, waves, foams, tessellations, cracks and stripes. Early Greek philosophers studied pattern, with Plato, Pythagoras and Empedocles attempting to explain order in nature. The modern understanding of visible patterns developed gradually over time.
In the 19th century, Belgian physicist Joseph Plateau examined soap films, leading him to formulate the concept of a minimal surface. German biologist and artist Ernst Haeckel painted hundreds of marine organisms to emphasise their symmetry. Scottish biologist D'Arcy Thompson pioneered the study of growth patterns in both plants and animals, showing that simple equations could explain spiral growth. In the 20th century, British mathematician Alan Turing predicted mechanisms of morphogenesis which give rise to patterns of spots and stripes. Hungarian biologist Aristid Lindenmayer and French American mathematician Benoît Mandelbrot showed how the mathematics of fractals could create plant growth patterns.
Mathematics, physics and chemistry can explain patterns in nature at different levels. Patterns in living things are explained by the biological processes of natural selection and sexual selection. Studies of pattern formation make use of computer models to simulate a wide range of patterns.