Peru | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-01-01

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru


00:04:46 1 Etymology
00:06:13 2 History
00:06:22 2.1 Prehistory and pre-Columbian period
00:11:28 2.2 Conquest and colonial period
00:17:28 2.3 Independence
00:22:43 2.4 19th century
00:24:48 2.5 20th century
00:31:17 2.6 21st century
00:33:30 3 Government and politics
00:33:41 3.1 Government
00:35:19 3.2 Law
00:35:34 3.3 Foreign relations
00:37:26 3.4 Military and law enforcement
00:38:59 3.5 Administrative divisions
00:39:55 3.5.1 Regions
00:40:03 3.5.2 Province
00:40:14 3.5.3 Metropolitan areas
00:40:40 4 Geography
00:43:07 4.1 Climate
00:44:02 4.2 Wildlife
00:45:52 5 Economy and infrastructure
00:49:28 5.1 Water supply and sanitation
00:50:51 6 Demographics
00:51:01 6.1 Urbanization
00:51:10 6.2 Ethnic groups
00:52:27 6.3 Population
00:53:46 6.4 Language
00:55:39 6.5 Religion
00:56:55 6.6 Education
00:57:27 6.7 Health
00:57:52 7 Toponyms
00:59:07 8 Culture
01:00:20 8.1 Literature
01:01:22 8.2 Cuisine
01:02:01 8.3 Music
01:02:51 9 See also
01:03:03 10 Notes and references
01:03:13 11 Bibliography
01:03:22 12 Further reading
01:03:32 13 External links



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SUMMARY
=======
Peru ( (listen); Spanish: Perú [peˈɾu]; Quechua: Piruw Republika [pʰɪɾʊw]; Aymara: Piruw Suyu [pɪɾʊw]), officially the Republic of Peru (Spanish: República del Perú ), is a country in western South America. It is bordered in the north by Ecuador and Colombia, in the east by Brazil, in the southeast by Bolivia, in the south by Chile, and in the west by the Pacific Ocean. Peru is an extremely biodiverse country with habitats ranging from the arid plains of the Pacific coastal region in the west to the peaks of the Andes mountains vertically extending from the north to the southeast of the country to the tropical Amazon Basin rainforest in the east with the Amazon river.Peruvian territory was home to several ancient cultures, ranging from the Norte Chico civilization in the 32nd century BC, the oldest civilization in the Americas, to the Inca Empire, the largest and  most sophisticated state in pre-Columbian America. The Spanish Empire conquered the region in the 16th century and established a Viceroyalty that encompassed most of its South American colonies, with its capital in Lima. Peru formally proclaimed independence in 1821, and following the military campaigns of José de San Martín and Simón Bolívar, and the decisive battle of Ayacucho, Peru secured independence in 1824. In the ensuing years, the country enjoyed relative economic and political stability, which ended shortly before the War of the Pacific with Chile. Throughout the 20th century, Peru endured armed territorial disputes, coups, social unrest, and internal conflicts, as well as periods of stability and economic upswing. Alberto Fujimori was elected to the presidency in 1990; his government was credited with economically stabilizing Peru and successfully ending the Shining Path insurgency, though he was widely accused of human rights violations and suppression of political dissent. Fujimori left the presidency in 2000 and was charged with human rights violations and imprisoned until his pardon by President Pedro Pablo Kuczynski in 2017. Even after the president's regime, Fujimori's followers, called Fujimoristas, have caused political turmoil for any opposing faction in power, even causing Pedro Pablo Kuczynski to resign in March 2018. 
The sovereign state of Peru is a representative democratic republic divided into 25 regions. It is classified as an emerging market with a high level of human development and an upper middle income level with a poverty rate around 19 percent. It is one of the region's most prosperous economies with an average growth rate of 5.9% and it has one of the world's fastest industrial growth rates at an average of 9.6%. Its main  ...