Excommunication | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2018-12-15

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Excommunication


00:01:24 1 Christianity
00:03:20 1.1 Catholic Church
00:03:39 1.1.1 Latin Church
00:07:29 1.1.2 Eastern Catholic Churches
00:08:56 1.1.3 Excommunicable offenses
00:09:42 1.1.4 iLatae sententiae/i
00:13:17 1.1.4.1 iFerendae sententiae/i
00:15:56 1.1.4.2 Former excommunicable offenses
00:22:23 1.2 Eastern Orthodox churches
00:23:41 1.3 Lutheran Churches
00:25:48 1.4 Anglican Communion
00:25:57 1.4.1 Church of England
00:26:24 1.4.2 Episcopal Church of the United States of America
00:26:44 1.5 Reformed Churches
00:30:03 1.6 Methodism
00:31:56 1.7 Anabaptist tradition
00:33:32 1.7.1 Amish
00:35:11 1.7.2 Mennonites
00:37:05 1.7.3 Hutterites
00:38:07 1.8 The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
00:44:41 1.9 Jehovah's Witnesses
00:50:27 1.10 Christadelphians
00:54:13 1.11 Society of Friends (Quakers)
00:55:15 1.12 Iglesia ni Cristo
00:55:59 2 Unitarian-Universalism
00:56:59 3 Buddhism
00:57:57 4 Hinduism
00:59:50 5 Islam
01:01:34 6 Judaism
01:03:17 7 See also



Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.

Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain

Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.

You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCuKfABj2eGyjH3ntPxp4YeQ

You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
https://github.com/nodef/wikipedia-tts



"The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing."
- Socrates



SUMMARY
=======
Excommunication is an institutional act of religious censure used to deprive, suspend, or limit membership in a religious community or to restrict certain rights within it, in particular receiving of the sacraments. The term is often historically used to refer specifically to excommunications from the Catholic Church, but it is also used more generally to refer to similar types of institutional religious exclusionary practices and shunning among other religious groups. For instance, many Protestant denominations, such as the Lutheran Churches, have similar practices of excusing congregants from church communities, while Jehovah's Witnesses, as well as the Churches of Christ, use the term "disfellowship" to refer to their form of excommunication. The Amish have also been known to excommunicate members that were either seen or known for breaking rules, or questioning the church.
The word excommunication means putting a specific individual or group out of communion. In some denominations, excommunication includes spiritual condemnation of the member or group. Excommunication may involve banishment, shunning, and shaming, depending on the group, the offense that caused excommunication, or the rules or norms of the religious community. The grave act is often revoked in response to sincere penance, which may be manifested through public recantation, sometimes through the Sacrament of Confession, piety or through mortification of the flesh.