Clean Water Act | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-06-22

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clean_Water_Act


00:01:55 1 Background
00:02:04 1.1 Health implications of water pollution
00:03:09 1.1.1 Gastrointestinal illness
00:04:27 1.1.2 Reproductive problems
00:05:04 1.1.3 Neurological disorders
00:06:27 2 Waters protected
00:07:50 3 Pollution control strategy
00:08:00 3.1 Point sources
00:10:07 3.1.1 Technology-based standards
00:11:08 3.1.2 Water quality standards
00:12:07 3.1.2.1 Designated uses
00:13:54 3.1.2.2 Water quality criteria
00:15:09 3.1.2.3 Anti-degradation policy
00:16:26 3.1.2.4 General policies
00:17:41 3.2 Nonpoint sources
00:20:32 3.3 Financing of pollution controls
00:21:32 3.3.1 Water Infrastructure Finance and Innovation Act
00:22:29 4 Major statutory provisions
00:22:43 4.1 Title I - Research and Related Programs
00:23:26 4.2 Title II - Grants for Construction of Treatment Works
00:24:34 4.3 Title III - Standards and enforcement
00:24:45 4.3.1 Discharge permits required
00:25:21 4.3.2 Technology-Based Standards Program
00:27:35 4.3.3 Water Quality Standards Program
00:30:56 4.3.4 National Water Quality Inventory
00:32:10 4.3.5 Enforcement
00:33:21 4.3.6 Federal facilities
00:33:39 4.3.7 Thermal pollution
00:34:05 4.3.8 Nonpoint Source Management Program
00:34:51 4.4 Title IV - Permits and licenses
00:35:02 4.4.1 State certification of compliance
00:35:23 4.4.2 NPDES permits for point sources
00:38:38 4.4.3 Dredge and fill permits
00:41:06 4.4.3.1 Exemptions
00:43:41 4.4.3.2 Importance of no-jurisdiction determinations
00:44:34 4.4.3.3 Recapture of exemptions
00:45:57 4.4.4 POTW Biosolids Management Program
00:53:44 4.5 Title V - General Provisions
00:53:54 4.5.1 Citizen suits
00:54:23 4.5.2 Employee protection
00:54:52 4.6 Title VI - State Water Pollution Control Revolving Funds
00:56:11 5 Earlier legislation
01:00:33 6 Clean Water Act and environmental justice
01:01:29 7 Case law
01:05:23 8 Recent developments
01:05:33 8.1 Waters of the United States
01:07:25 8.2 Amendment
01:07:38 9 Effects
01:10:33 10 See also



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SUMMARY
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The Clean Water Act (CWA) is the primary federal law in the United States governing water pollution. Its objective is to restore and maintain the chemical, physical, and biological integrity of the nation's waters; recognizing the responsibilities of the states in addressing pollution and providing assistance to states to do so, including funding for publicly owned treatment works for the improvement of wastewater treatment; and maintaining the integrity of wetlands. It is one of the United States' first and most influential modern environmental laws. As with many other major U.S. federal environmental statutes, it is administered by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), in coordination with state governments. Its implementing regulations are codified at 40 C.F.R. Subchapters D, N, and O (Parts 100-140, 401-471, and 501-503).
Technically, the name of the law is the Federal Water Pollution Control Act. The first FWPCA was enacted in 1948, but took on its modern form when completely rewritten in 1972 in an act entitled the Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1972. Major changes have subsequently been introduced via amendatory legislation including the Clean Water Act of 1977 and the Water Quality Act of 1987.The Clean Water Act does not directly address groundwater contamination. Groundwater protection provisions are included in the Safe Drinking Water Act, Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, and the Superfund act.