Fermi's theory of beta decay | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: Subhajit Sahu
Date: 2019-02-18

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta_decay


00:02:33 1 Description
00:06:34 2 History
00:06:44 2.1 Discovery and initial characterization
00:09:00 2.2 Neutrinos
00:14:24 2.3 spanspansup/supsub/sub
00:16:00 2.4 Non-conservation of parity
00:17:07 3 βsup−/sup decay
00:18:40 4 βsup+/sup decay
00:20:27 5 Electron capture (K-capture)
00:22:26 6 Nuclear transmutation
00:24:05 6.1 Competition of beta decay types
00:25:54 6.2 Stability of naturally occurring nuclides
00:26:43 7 Conservation rules for beta decay
00:26:55 7.1 Baryon number is conserved
00:29:19 7.2 Lepton number is conserved
00:30:19 7.3 Angular momentum
00:31:19 8 Energy release
00:32:25 8.1 βsup−/sup decay
00:38:46 8.2 βsup+/sup decay
00:41:35 8.3 Electron capture
00:44:41 9 Beta emission spectrum
00:46:35 9.1 Fermi function
00:49:29 9.2 Kurie plot
00:50:30 10 Helicity (polarization) of neutrinos, electrons and positrons emitted in beta decay
00:51:33 11 Types of beta decay transitions
00:52:38 11.1 Fermi transitions
00:54:44 11.2 Gamow-Teller transitions
00:56:53 11.3 Forbidden transitions
00:58:38 12 Rare decay modes
00:58:48 12.1 Bound-state βsup−/sup decay
01:01:21 12.2 Double beta decay
01:02:56 13 See also



Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.

Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain

Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.

Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:
https://assistant.google.com/services/invoke/uid/0000001a130b3f91
Other Wikipedia audio articles at:
https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=wikipedia+tts
Upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
https://github.com/nodef/wikipedia-tts
Speaking Rate: 0.764932905486769
Voice name: en-US-Wavenet-D


"I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think."
- Socrates


SUMMARY
=======
In nuclear physics, beta decay (β-decay) is a type of radioactive decay in which a beta ray (fast energetic electron or positron) is emitted from an atomic nucleus. For example, beta decay of a neutron transforms it into a proton by the emission of an electron accompanied by an antineutrino, or conversely a proton is converted into a neutron by the emission of a positron (positron emission) with a neutrino, thus changing the nuclide type. Neither the beta particle nor its associated (anti-)neutrino exist within the nucleus prior to beta decay, but are created in the decay process. By this process, unstable atoms obtain a more stable ratio of protons to neutrons. The probability of a nuclide decaying due to beta and other forms of decay is determined by its nuclear binding energy. The binding energies of all existing nuclides form what is called the nuclear band or valley of stability. For either electron or positron emission to be energetically possible, the energy release (see below) or Q value must be positive.
Beta decay is a consequence of the weak force, which is characterized by relatively lengthy decay times. Nucleons are composed of up quarks and down quarks, and the weak force allows a quark to change type by the exchange of a W boson and the creation of an electron/antineutrino or positron/neutrino pair. For example, a neutron, composed of two down quarks and an up quark, decays to a proton composed of a down quark and two up quarks. Decay times for many nuclides that are subject to beta decay can be thousands of years.
Electron capture is sometimes included as a type of beta decay, because the basic nuclear process, mediated by the weak force, is the same. In electron capture, an inner atomic electron is captured by a proton in the nucleus, transforming it into a neutron, and an electron neutrino is released.