African American (U.S. Census) | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-10-03

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States_Census


00:02:45 1 How data on race and ethnicity are used
00:04:15 2 Brief overview of race and ethnicity in the US Census's history
00:04:28 2.1 18th and 19th centuries
00:04:39 2.1.1 1790 Census
00:05:42 2.1.1.1 Loss of data
00:06:28 2.1.1.2 Data
00:07:30 2.1.1.3 Contemporary perception
00:08:01 2.1.1.4 Data availability
00:08:26 2.2 1800 &amp; 1810 census
00:08:37 2.2.1 1820 Census
00:09:07 2.2.2 1830 Census
00:09:27 2.2.3 1850 Census
00:10:25 2.2.4 1870 Census
00:10:50 2.2.5 1890 Census
00:11:44 2.2.6 1900 Census
00:12:28 2.3 20th century
00:12:37 2.3.1 1910 Census
00:13:20 2.3.2 1920 Census
00:13:54 2.3.3 1930 Census
00:16:01 2.3.4 1940 Census
00:17:27 2.3.5 1950 Census
00:17:48 2.3.6 1960 Census
00:18:18 2.3.7 1970 Census
00:19:42 2.3.8 1980 Census
00:20:44 2.3.9 1990 Census
00:22:13 2.3.10 2000 Census
00:27:30 2.4 21st century
00:27:39 2.4.1 2010 Census
00:29:16 3 Relation between ethnicity and race in census results
00:33:19 4 Other agencies
00:33:48 5 See also



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SUMMARY
=======
Race and ethnicity in the United States Census, defined by the federal Office of Management and Budget (OMB) and the United States Census Bureau, are self-identification data items in which residents choose the race or races with which they most closely identify, and indicate whether or not they are of Hispanic or Latino origin (the only categories for ethnicity).The racial categories represent a social-political construct for the race or races that respondents consider themselves to be and, "generally reflect a social definition of race recognized in this country." OMB defines the concept of race as outlined for the US Census as not "scientific or anthropological" and takes into account "social and cultural characteristics as well as ancestry", using "appropriate scientific methodologies" that are not "primarily biological or genetic in reference." The race categories include both racial and national-origin groups.Race and ethnicity are considered separate and distinct identities, with Hispanic or Latino origin asked as a separate question. Thus, in addition to their race or races, all respondents are categorized by membership in one of two ethnic categories, which are "Hispanic or Latino" and "Not Hispanic or Latino". However, the practice of separating "race" and "ethnicity" as different categories has been criticized both by the American Anthropological Association and members of US Commission on Civil Rights.In 1997, OMB issued a Federal Register notice regarding revisions to the standards for the classification of federal data on race and ethnicity. OMB developed race and ethnic standards in order to provide "consistent data on race and ethnicity throughout the Federal Government. The development of the data standards stem in large measure from new responsibilities to enforce civil rights laws." Among the changes, OMB issued the instruction to "mark one or more races" after noting evidence of increasing numbers of interracial children and wanting to capture the diversity in a measurable way and having received requests by people who wanted to be able to acknowledge their or their children's full ancestry rather than identifying with only one group. Prior to this decision, the Census and other government data collections asked people to report only one race.