Denmark–Norway | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2018-12-06

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Denmark–Norway


00:02:44 1 Usage and extent
00:04:39 2 Colonies
00:05:23 2.1 India
00:05:52 2.2 Caribbean
00:06:15 2.3 West Africa
00:06:36 3 History
00:06:45 3.1 Origins of the Union
00:07:13 3.2 Northern Seven Years' War
00:08:18 3.3 Kalmar War
00:09:36 3.3.1 Aftermath of the Älvsborg Ransom
00:10:06 3.4 Thirty Years' War
00:10:57 3.4.1 Torstenson War
00:11:59 3.5 Second Northern Wars
00:12:44 3.6 Royal absolutist state
00:14:01 3.7 Scanian War
00:14:47 3.8 Napoleonic Wars and end of the Union
00:16:43 4 Religion
00:17:39 5 See also



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SUMMARY
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Denmark–Norway (Danish and Norwegian: Danmark–Norge), also known as  the Dano-Norwegian Realm, the Oldenburg Monarchy or the Oldenburg realms, was an early modern multi-national and multi-lingual real union consisting of the Kingdom of Denmark, the Kingdom of Norway (including Norwegian overseas possessions the Faroe Islands, Iceland, Greenland, et cetera), the Duchy of Schleswig, and the Duchy of Holstein. The state also claimed sovereignty over two historical peoples: Wends and Goths. Denmark–Norway also had several colonies, namely the Danish Gold Coast, the Nicobar Islands, Serampore, Tharangambadi, and the Danish West Indies.
The state's inhabitants were mainly Danes, Norwegians, and Germans, and also included Faroese, Icelanders and Inuit in the Norwegian overseas possessions, a Sami minority in northern Norway, as well as indigenous peoples and enslaved Africans in the colonies. The main cities of Denmark–Norway were Copenhagen, Christiania (Oslo), Altona, Bergen and Trondheim, and the primary official languages were Danish and German, but Norwegian, Icelandic, Faroese, Sami and Greenlandic were also spoken locally.In 1380, Olaf II of Denmark inherited the Kingdom of Norway, titled as Olaf IV, after the death of his father Haakon VI of Norway, who was married to Olaf's mother Margrete I. Margrete I was ruler of Norway from her son's death in 1387 until her own death in 1412. Denmark, Norway and Sweden established and formed the Kalmar Union in 1397. Following Sweden's departure in 1523, the union was effectively dissolved. From 1536/1537, Denmark and Norway formed a personal union that would eventually develop into the 1660 integrated state called Denmark–Norway. Prior to 1660, Denmark–Norway was de jure a constitutional and elective monarchy in which the King's power was somewhat limited; in that year it became one of the most stringent absolute monarchies in Europe.
The Dano-Norwegian union lasted until 1814, when the Treaty of Kiel decreed that Norway (except for the Faroe Islands, Iceland, and Greenland) be ceded to Sweden. The treaty however, was not recognised by Norway, which successfully resisted the attempt in the 1814 Swedish–Norwegian War and afterwards entered into a much looser personal union with Sweden as one of two equal kingdoms.
In Norway, the 434-year union with Denmark (including the Kalmar Union) is often called the 400-Year Night or Night of Centuries (400-årsnatten) because of the loss of sovereignty, especially after the reformation in 1537, when Norway was brought under the Danish Crown as a puppet state and forced to become Lutheran by the Oldenburg kings.