Waves (physics) | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 04/05/2019

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wave


00:03:35 1 Mathematical Description
00:03:45 1.1 Single waves
00:09:59 1.2 Wave families
00:16:28 1.3 Differential wave equations
00:25:09 2 Wave in elastic medium
00:29:03 2.1 Wave forms
00:29:48 2.2 Amplitude and modulation
00:30:15 2.3 Phase velocity and group velocity
00:30:36 3 Sine waves
00:33:17 4 Plane waves
00:34:23 5 Standing waves
00:41:32 6 Physical properties
00:41:41 6.1 Transmission and media
00:43:05 6.2 Absorption
00:43:20 6.3 Reflection
00:44:19 6.4 Refraction
00:44:59 6.5 Diffraction
00:45:23 6.6 Interference
00:46:03 6.7 Polarization
00:46:29 6.8 Dispersion
00:46:52 7 Mechanical waves
00:48:14 7.1 Waves on strings
00:48:55 7.2 Acoustic waves
00:49:05 7.3 Water waves
00:49:44 7.4 Seismic waves
00:50:22 7.5 Shock waves
00:51:02 7.6 Other
00:51:27 8 Electromagnetic waves
00:52:00 9 Quantum mechanical waves
00:52:26 9.1 Schrödinger equation
00:53:25 9.2 Dirac equation
00:53:35 9.3 de Broglie waves
00:54:00 10 Gravity waves
00:54:45 11 Gravitational waves
00:58:25 12 See also
01:01:16 12.1 Waves in general
01:01:20 12.1.1 Parameters
01:01:29 12.1.2 Waveforms
01:01:47 12.2 Electromagnetic waves
01:02:20 12.3 In fluids
01:02:32 12.4 In quantum mechanics
01:02:40 12.5 In relativity
01:02:48 12.6 Other specific types of waves
01:02:56 12.7 Related topics
01:03:06 13 References
01:03:15 14 Sources
01:03:24 15 External links
01:03:32 Other specific types of waves



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SUMMARY
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In physics, mathematics, and related fields, a wave is a disturbance of a field in which a physical attribute oscillates repeatedly at each point or propagates from each point to neighboring points, or seems to move through space.
The waves most commonly studied in physics are mechanical and electromagnetic. A mechanical wave is a local deformation (strain) in some physical medium that propagates from particle to particle by creating local stresses that cause strain in neighboring particles too.  For example, sound waves in air are variations of the local pressure that propagate by collisions between gas molecules.  Other examples of mechanical waves are seismic waves, gravity waves, vortices, and shock waves.  An electromagnetic wave consists of a combination of variable electric and magnetic fields, that propagates through space according to Maxwell's equations.  Electromagnetic waves can travel through suitable dielectric media or through vacuum; examples include radio waves, infrared radiation, visible light, ultraviolet radiation, X-rays and gamma rays.  
Other types of waves include gravitational waves, which are disturbances in a gravitational field that propagate according to general relativity; heat diffusion waves; plasma waves, that combine mechanical deformations and electromagnetic fields; reaction-diffusion waves, such as in the Belousov–Zhabotinsky reaction; and many more.
Mechanical and electromagnetic waves may often seem to travel through space; but, while they can carry energy, momentum, and information through matter or empty space, they may do that without transferring any mass.  In mathematics and electronics waves are studied as signals.  On the other hand, some waves do not appear to move at all, like standing waves (which are fundamental to music) and hydraulic jumps. Some, like the probability waves of quantum mechanics, may be completely static.
A physical wave is almost always confined to some finite region of space, called its domain.  For example, the seismic waves generated by earthquakes are significant only in the interior and surface of the planet, so they can be ignored outside it.  However, waves with infinite domain, that extend over the whole space, are commonly studied in mathematics, and are very valuable tools for understanding physical waves in finite domains.
A plane wa ...