Free will | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2018-12-14

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Free will


00:02:33 1 Western philosophy
00:05:46 1.1 Incompatibilism
00:11:42 1.1.1 Hard determinism
00:14:25 1.1.2 Metaphysical libertarianism
00:15:48 1.1.3 Non-causal theories
00:17:35 1.1.4 Event-causal theories
00:22:05 1.1.5 Agent/substance-causal theories
00:23:06 1.1.6 Hard incompatibilism
00:25:54 1.1.7 Related philosophical issues
00:26:04 1.1.7.1 High-level determinism and free will
00:26:13 1.1.7.1.1 Causal determinism
00:27:27 1.1.7.1.2 Destiny and fate
00:28:45 1.1.7.1.3 Logical determinism
00:29:20 1.1.7.1.4 Omniscience
00:30:27 1.1.7.2 Predeterminism
00:32:47 1.1.8 Theological determinism
00:38:55 1.1.8.1 Mind-body problem
00:43:19 1.2 Compatibilism
00:45:09 1.2.1 Free will as lack of physical restraint
00:46:30 1.2.2 Free will as a psychological state
00:48:53 1.2.3 Free will as unpredictability
00:50:23 1.2.4 The physical mind
00:53:17 1.3 Other views
00:54:44 1.3.1 Free will as an illusion
00:56:24 1.3.2 Free will as "moral imagination"
00:58:02 1.3.3 Free will as a pragmatically useful concept
00:59:14 1.3.4 Free will and views of causality
01:01:38 1.3.5 Free will according to Thomas Aquinas
01:03:42 1.3.6 Free will as a pseudo-problem
01:04:30 1.4 History of free will
01:05:46 2 Scientific approaches
01:06:39 2.1 Quantum physics
01:08:23 2.2 Genetics
01:09:31 2.3 Neuroscience and Neurophilosophy
01:17:50 2.4 Experimental psychology
01:23:59 2.5 Believing in free will
01:24:26 2.5.1 What people believe
01:26:49 2.5.2 Among philosophers
01:27:17 2.5.3 Among evolutionary biologists
01:27:40 2.5.4 Effects of the belief itself
01:31:02 3 Eastern philosophy
01:31:12 3.1 Hindu philosophy
01:33:08 3.2 Buddhist philosophy
01:35:43 4 In theology
01:35:52 4.1 Christianity
01:38:08 4.2 Judaism
01:38:36 4.3 Islam
01:39:30 4.4 Others



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"The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing."
- Socrates



SUMMARY
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Free will is the ability to choose between different possible courses of action unimpeded.Free will is closely linked to the concepts of responsibility, praise, guilt, sin, and other judgements which apply only to actions that are freely chosen. It is also connected with the concepts of advice, persuasion, deliberation, and prohibition. Traditionally, only actions that are freely willed are seen as deserving credit or blame. There are numerous different concerns about threats to the possibility of free will, varying by how exactly it is conceived, which is a matter of some debate.
Some conceive free will to be the capacity to make choices in which the outcome has not been determined by past events. Determinism suggests that only one course of events is possible, which is inconsistent with the existence of free will thus conceived. This problem has been identified in ancient Greek philosophy and remains a major focus of philosophical debate. This view that conceives free will to be incompatible with determinism is called incompatibilism and encompasses both metaphysical libertarianism, the claim that determinism is false and thus free will is at least possible, and hard determinism, the claim that determinism is true and thus free will is not possible. It also encompasses hard incompatibilism, which holds not only determinism but also its negation to be incompatible with free will and thus free will to be impossible whatever the case may be regarding determinism.
In contrast, compatibilists hold that free will is compatible with determinism. Some compatibilists even hold that determinism is necessary for free will, arguing that choice involves preference for one course of action over another, requiring a sense of how choices will turn out. Compatibilists thus consider the debate between libertarians and hard determinists over free will vs determinism a false dilemma. Different compatibilists offer very different definitions of what "free will" even means and consequently find different types of constraints to be relevant to the issue. Classical compatibilists considered free will nothing more than freedom of action, considering one free ...