Organizational theory | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 06/12/2018

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Organizational theory


00:01:54 1 Rise of organizations
00:05:41 2 Competing theories of organization
00:06:12 2.1 Weber's ideal of bureaucracy
00:07:37 2.2 Rational system perspective
00:08:55 2.3 Division of labour
00:10:07 2.4 Modernization theory
00:14:29 3 Classical perspective
00:15:01 3.1 Efficiency and teleological arguments in Weberian bureaucracy
00:18:33 3.2 Scientific management
00:19:13 3.2.1 iThe Principles of Scientific Management/i
00:19:48 3.3 Bureaucratic theory
00:23:51 3.4 Criticism of the Weber's theory of bureaucracy
00:27:44 4 Neoclassical perspective
00:28:16 4.1 Hawthorne study
00:30:56 4.2 Results of the Hawthorne studies
00:32:10 4.3 Criticism of the Hawthorne study
00:32:41 5 Modern organizational theory
00:33:23 5.1 Polyphonic organizations
00:34:29 5.1.1 The theory of the polyphonic organization
00:37:11 6 Environmental perspective
00:37:20 6.1 Contingency theory
00:38:07 6.1.1 Factors
00:38:29 6.1.1.1 1. Contingency on the organization
00:39:00 6.1.1.2 2. Contingency theory of leadership
00:39:57 6.1.1.3 3. Contingency theory of decision-making
00:40:27 6.1.1.4 Criticism
00:40:50 7 See also



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SUMMARY
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Organizational theory consists of approaches to organizational analysis. Organizations are defined as social units of people that are structured and managed to meet a need, or to pursue collective goals. Theories of organizations include rational system perspective, division of labour, bureaucratic theory, and contingency theory.
In a rational organization system, there are two significant parts: Specificity of Goals and Formalization. The division of labor is the specialization of individual labor roles, associated with increasing output and trade. Modernization theorist Frank Dobbin states "modern institutions are transparently purposive and that we are in the midst an evolutionary progression towards more efficient forms". Max Weber's conception of bureaucracy is characterized by the presence of impersonal positions that are earned and not inherited, rule-governed decision-making, professionalism, chain of command, defined responsibility, and bounded authority. The contingency theory holds that an organization must try to maximize performance by minimizing the effects of varying environmental and internal constraints.
Dwight Waldo noted in a review of field work in 1978: "Organization theory is characterized by vogues, heterogeneity, claims and counterclaims", and even greater differentiation in theory and practice have developed since then. Organization theory certainly cannot be described as an orderly progression of ideas, or a unified body of knowledge in which each development builds carefully on and extends the one before it. Rather, developments in theory and prescriptions for practice show disagreement about the purposes and uses of a theory of organization, the issues to which it should address itself (such as supervisory style and organizational culture), and the concepts and variables that should enter into such a theory.