Space missions | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-05-02

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_exploration


00:04:14 1 History of exploration
00:04:24 1.1 Telescope
00:05:24 1.2 First outer space flights
00:06:39 1.3 First human outer space flight
00:07:25 1.4 First astronomical body space explorations
00:10:34 1.5 First space station
00:11:06 1.6 First interstellar space flight
00:11:35 1.7 Farthest from Earth
00:12:54 1.8 Key people in early space exploration
00:17:29 2 Targets of exploration
00:17:39 2.1 The Sun
00:18:44 2.2 Mercury
00:20:11 2.3 Venus
00:21:49 2.4 Earth
00:23:18 2.5 The Moon
00:25:43 2.6 Mars
00:28:04 2.7 Phobos
00:28:39 2.8 Jupiter
00:30:03 2.9 Saturn
00:31:18 2.10 Uranus
00:32:57 2.11 Neptune
00:34:38 2.12 Other objects in the Solar System
00:36:21 2.13 Asteroids and comets
00:39:08 2.14 Deep space exploration
00:40:03 3 Future of space exploration
00:40:14 3.1 Breakthrough Starshot
00:40:42 3.2 Government plans
00:42:14 3.3 High level automated systems
00:42:50 3.3.1 Autonomous system
00:43:17 3.3.2 Benefits
00:44:00 3.3.3 NASA's Autonomous Science Experiment
00:44:51 3.4 Asteroids in space exploration
00:46:03 4 Rationales
00:48:55 5 Topics
00:49:04 5.1 Spaceflight
00:50:16 5.2 Satellites
00:50:47 5.3 Commercialization of space
00:51:33 5.4 Alien life
00:52:36 5.5 Living in space
00:54:50 6 See also
00:55:15 6.1 Robotic space exploration programs
00:55:26 6.2 Living in space
00:55:38 6.2.1 Animals in space
00:55:47 6.2.2 Humans in space
00:55:55 6.3 Recent and future developments



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SUMMARY
=======
Space exploration is the discovery and exploration of celestial structures in outer space by means of evolving and growing space technology. While the study of space is carried out mainly by astronomers with telescopes, the physical exploration of space is conducted both by unmanned robotic space probes and human spaceflight.
While the observation of objects in space, known as astronomy, predates reliable recorded history, it was the development of large and relatively efficient rockets during the mid-twentieth century that allowed physical space exploration to become a reality. Common rationales for exploring space include advancing scientific research, national prestige, uniting different nations, ensuring the future survival of humanity, and developing military and strategic advantages against other countries.Space exploration has often been used as a proxy competition for geopolitical rivalries such as the Cold War. The early era of space exploration was driven by a "Space Race" between the Soviet Union and the United States. The launch of the first human-made object to orbit Earth, the Soviet Union's Sputnik 1, on 4 October 1957, and the first Moon landing by the American Apollo 11 mission on 20 July 1969 are often taken as landmarks for this initial period. The Soviet space program achieved many of the first milestones, including the first living being in orbit in 1957, the first human spaceflight (Yuri Gagarin aboard Vostok 1) in 1961, the first spacewalk (by Aleksei Leonov) on 18 March 1965, the first automatic landing on another celestial body in 1966, and the launch of the first space station (Salyut 1) in 1971.
After the first 20 years of exploration, focus shifted from one-off flights to renewable hardware, such as the Space Shuttle program, and from competition to cooperation as with the International Space Station (ISS).
With the substantial completion of the ISS following STS-133 in March 2011, plans for space exploration by the U.S. remain in flux. Constellation, a Bush Administration program for a return to the Moon by 2020 was judged inadequately funded and unrealistic by an expert review panel reporting in 2009. 
The Obama Administration proposed a revision of Constellation in 2010 to focus on the development of the capability for crewed missions beyond low  ...