Lion | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2018-12-07

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Lion


00:02:25 1 Etymology
00:02:46 2 Taxonomy and phylogeny
00:04:35 2.1 Evolution
00:08:05 2.2 Subspecies
00:10:29 2.2.1 Extinct species and subspecies
00:12:32 2.2.2 Dubious subspecies
00:13:40 2.3 Hybrids
00:15:14 3 Description
00:17:07 3.1 Mane
00:19:15 3.2 Colour variation
00:20:14 4 Behaviour and ecology
00:20:48 4.1 Group organisation
00:25:17 4.2 Hunting and diet
00:30:54 4.2.1 Predator competition
00:34:02 4.3 Reproduction and life cycle
00:37:50 4.4 Health
00:39:54 4.5 Communication
00:41:49 5 Distribution and habitat
00:43:51 6 Conservation
00:44:00 6.1 In Africa
00:48:17 6.2 In Asia
00:49:48 6.3 Captive breeding
00:51:24 7 Interactions with humans
00:51:34 7.1 In captivity
00:56:53 7.2 Hunting, baiting and taming
01:00:04 7.3 Man-eating
01:04:42 8 Cultural significance
01:05:51 8.1 Africa
01:07:58 8.2 Near East
01:10:01 8.3 Far East
01:12:43 8.4 Europe
01:14:20 8.5 Modern culture
01:15:35 9 See also



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SUMMARY
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The lion (Panthera leo) is a species in the family Felidae; it is a muscular, deep-chested cat with a short, rounded head, a reduced neck and round ears, and a hairy tuft at the end of its tail. The lion is sexually dimorphic; males are larger than females with a typical weight range of 150 to 250 kg (330 to 550 lb) for the former and 120 to 182 kg (265 to 400 lb) for the latter. Male lions have a prominent mane, which is the most recognisable feature of the species. A lion pride consists of a few adult males, related females and cubs. Groups of female lions typically hunt together, preying mostly on large ungulates. The species is an apex and keystone predator, although they scavenge when opportunities occur. Some lions have been known to hunt humans, although the species typically does not.
Typically, the lion inhabits grasslands and savannas but is absent in dense forests. It is usually more diurnal than other big cats, but when persecuted it adapts to being active at night and at twilight. In the Pleistocene, the lion ranged throughout Eurasia, Africa and the Americas from the Yukon to Peru but today it has been reduced to fragmented populations in Sub-Saharan Africa and one critically endangered population in western India. It has been listed as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List since 1996 because populations in African countries have declined by about 43% since the early 1990s. Lion populations are untenable outside designated protected areas. Although the cause of the decline is not fully understood, habitat loss and conflicts with humans are the greatest causes for concern.
One of the most widely recognised animal symbols in human culture, the lion has been extensively depicted in sculptures and paintings, on national flags, and in contemporary films and literature. Lions have been kept in menageries since the time of the Roman Empire and have been a key species sought for exhibition in zoological gardens across the world since the late 18th century. Cultural depictions of lions were prominent in the Upper Paleolithic period; carvings and paintings from the Lascaux and Chauvet Caves in France have been dated to 17,000 years ago, and depictions have occurred in virtually all ancient and medieval cultures that coincided with the lion's former and current ranges.