Fallen angel | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2018-11-14

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Fallen angel

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SUMMARY
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In  Abrahamic religions, fallen angels are angels who were expelled from Heaven. The term "fallen angel" appears neither in the Bible nor in other Abrahamic scriptures, but is used of angels who were cast out of heaven or angels who sinned. Such angels are often malevolent towards humanity.
The idea of fallen angels derived from Jewish Enochic pseudepigraphy or the assumption that the "sons of God" (בני האלהים‬) mentioned in Genesis 6:1–4 are angels. Some scholars consider it most likely that the Jewish tradition of fallen angels predates, even in written form, the composition of Gen 6:1–4. In the period immediately preceding the composition of the New Testament, some sects of Judaism, as well as many Christian Church Fathers, identified the "sons of God" (בני האלהים‬) of Genesis 6:1–4 as fallen angels. The presence of these traditions in Christianity, not only in the East but also in the Latin-speaking West, is attested by the polemic of Augustine of Hippo (354–430) against the motif of giants born of the union between fallen angels and human women. Rabbinic Judaism and Christian authorities after the third century rejected the Enochian writings and the notion of an illicit union between angels and women producing giants. Christianity shifted the origin of the fallen angels towards the beginning of history. Accordingly, fallen angels became identified with angels who were led by Satan in rebellion against God and became equated with demons.Islam also incorporates the concept of fallen angels. However, like Rabbinic Judaism, some Islamic scholars reject the concept of fallen angels, emphasizing the piety of angels by citing certain verses of the Quran. Hasan of Basra not only emphasized verses which attest absolute obedience of angels to God, but also reinterpreted verses against this view. Accordingly, he read the term mala'ikah (angels) in reference to Harut and Marut in 2:102 as malikayn  (kings), depicting them as ordinary men and not as angels.Mention of angels who physically descended (and figuratively "fell") to Mount Hermon is found in the Book of Enoch, which the Ethiopian Orthodox Church  and Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo Church accept as biblical canon; as well as in various pseudepigrapha.