Metaphysical objectivism | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-05-05

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophical_realism


00:01:25 1 Varieties
00:01:34 1.1 Metaphysical realism
00:01:55 1.2 Naive or direct realism
00:02:38 1.3 Scientific realism
00:03:39 1.4 Realism in physics
00:04:31 1.5 Moral realism
00:04:48 1.6 Aesthetic realism
00:05:16 2 History of metaphysical realism
00:05:26 2.1 Ancient Greek philosophy
00:06:28 2.2 Medieval philosophy
00:07:35 2.3 Early modern philosophy
00:09:32 2.4 Late modern philosophy
00:10:23 2.5 Contemporary philosophy
00:11:12 3 See also



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"I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think."
- Socrates


SUMMARY
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In metaphysics, realism about a given object is the view that this object exists in reality independently of our conceptual scheme. In philosophical terms, these objects are ontologically independent of someone's conceptual scheme, perceptions, linguistic practices, beliefs, etc. 
Realism can be applied to many philosophically interesting objects and phenomena: other minds, the past or the future, universals, mathematical entities (such as natural numbers), moral categories, the physical world, and thought. 
Realism can also be a view about the nature of reality in general, where it claims that the world exists independent of the mind, as opposed to non-realist views (like some forms of skepticism and solipsism, which question our ability to assert the world is independent of our mind). Philosophers who profess realism often claim that truth consists in a correspondence between cognitive representations and reality.Realists tend to believe that whatever we believe now is only an approximation of reality but that the accuracy and fullness of understanding can be improved. In some contexts, realism is contrasted with idealism. Today it is more usually contrasted with anti-realism, for example in the philosophy of science.
The oldest use of the term "realism" appears in medieval scholastic interpretations and adaptations of ancient Greek philosophy.