Castro culture | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-02-18

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castro_culture


00:01:50 1 History
00:02:35 1.1 The end of the Atlantic Bronze Age
00:04:06 1.2 Formative period
00:05:50 1.3 Second Iron Age
00:08:27 1.4 The oppida
00:10:54 1.5 Roman era
00:13:23 2 Economy and arts
00:14:41 2.1 Food and food production
00:16:35 2.2 Metallurgy
00:19:08 2.3 Stonework
00:21:21 2.4 Pottery and other crafts
00:21:58 3 Language, society and religion
00:22:10 3.1 Society and government
00:24:02 3.2 Onomastics and languages
00:29:43 3.3 Religion
00:34:19 4 Major sites
00:38:35 5 See also
00:39:13 6 Notes
00:39:23 7 Bibliography
00:45:24 8 External links



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SUMMARY
=======
Castro culture (Galician: cultura castrexa, Portuguese: cultura castreja, Asturian: cultura castriega, Spanish: cultura castreña) is the archaeological term for the material culture of the north-western regions of the Iberian Peninsula (present-day northern Portugal together with Galicia, Asturias, Castile and León, Cantabria and Basque Country) from the end of the Bronze Age (c. 9th century BC) until it was subsumed by Roman culture (c. 1st century BC). 
It is the culture associated with the Celtiberians, closely associated to the western Hallstatt horizon of Central Europe. 
The most notable characteristics of this culture are: its walled oppida and hill forts, known locally as castros, from Latin castrum "castle", and the scarcity of visible burial practices, in spite of the frequent depositions of prestige items and goods, swords and other metallic riches in rocky outcrops, rivers and other aquatic contexts since the Atlantic Bronze Age. This cultural area extended east to the Cares river and south into the lower Douro river valley.
The area of Ave Valley was the core region of this culture, with a large number of small Castro settlements, but also including larger oppida, the cividades (from Latin civitas, city), some known as citânias by archaeologists, due to their city-like structure: Cividade de Bagunte (Civitas Bogonti), Cividade de Terroso (Civitas Terroso), Citânia de Briteiros, and Citânia de Sanfins.