Aspirin | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-10-03

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspirin


00:02:51 1 Medical use
00:03:43 1.1 Pain
00:04:29 1.1.1 Headache
00:05:23 1.2 Fever
00:06:18 1.3 Inflammation
00:06:36 1.4 Heart attacks and strokes
00:06:57 1.4.1 High risk
00:07:52 1.4.2 Lower risk
00:09:02 1.4.3 After surgery
00:10:00 1.5 Cancer prevention
00:11:16 1.6 Other uses
00:12:15 1.7 Resistance
00:13:02 1.8 Dosage
00:15:21 2 Adverse effects
00:15:30 2.1 Contraindications
00:16:50 2.2 Gastrointestinal
00:18:29 2.3 Central effects
00:18:50 2.4 Reye's syndrome
00:20:15 2.5 Skin
00:20:51 2.6 Other adverse effects
00:23:12 2.7 Overdose
00:24:22 2.8 Interactions
00:25:25 3 Chemical properties
00:26:32 3.1 Synthesis
00:27:25 4 Physical properties
00:27:59 4.1 Polymorphism
00:29:15 5 Mechanism of action
00:29:24 5.1 Discovery of the mechanism
00:29:54 5.2 Prostaglandins and thromboxanes
00:31:36 5.3 COX-1 and COX-2 inhibition
00:33:50 5.4 Additional mechanisms
00:35:40 6 Pharmacokinetics
00:37:25 7 History
00:39:52 7.1 Trademark
00:40:35 7.2 Compendial status
00:40:48 8 Veterinary medicine
00:41:25 8.1 Cats and dogs
00:42:05 8.2 Horses
00:42:18 9 See also



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SUMMARY
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Aspirin, also known as acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), is a medication used to treat pain, fever, or inflammation. Specific inflammatory conditions which aspirin is used to treat include Kawasaki disease, pericarditis, and rheumatic fever. Aspirin given shortly after a heart attack decreases the risk of death. Aspirin is also used long-term to help prevent further heart attacks, ischaemic strokes, and blood clots in people at high risk. It may also decrease the risk of certain types of cancer, particularly colorectal cancer. For pain or fever, effects typically begin within 30 minutes. Aspirin is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) and works similarly to other NSAIDs but also suppresses the normal functioning of platelets.One common adverse effect is an upset stomach. More significant side effects include stomach ulcers, stomach bleeding, and worsening asthma. Bleeding risk is greater among those who are older, drink alcohol, take other NSAIDs, or are on other blood thinners. Aspirin is not recommended in the last part of pregnancy. It is not generally recommended in children with infections because of the risk of Reye syndrome. High doses may result in ringing in the ears.A precursor to aspirin found in leaves from the willow tree has been used for its health effects for at least 2,400 years. In 1853, chemist Charles Frédéric Gerhardt treated the medicine sodium salicylate with acetyl chloride to produce acetylsalicylic acid for the first time. For the next fifty years, other chemists established the chemical structure and came up with more efficient production methods. In 1897, scientists at the Bayer company began studying acetylsalicylic acid as a less-irritating replacement medication for common salicylate medicines. By 1899, Bayer had named it "Aspirin" and sold it around the world. Aspirin's popularity grew over the first half of the twentieth century leading to competition between many brands and formulations. The word Aspirin was Bayer's brand name; however, their rights to the trademark were lost or sold in many countries.Aspirin is one of the most widely used medications globally, with an estimated 40,000 tonnes (44,000 tons) (50 to 120 billion pills) consumed each year. It is on the World Health Organization's (WHO's) List of Essential Medicines, which lists the safest and most effective medicines needed in a health system. As of 2014, the wholesale cost in the developing world is US$0.002 to US$0.025 per dose. As of 2015, the cost for a typical month of medication in the United States is less than US$25.00. It is available as a generic medication. In 2016, it was the 38th most prescribed medication in th ...