Plasmodium falciparum biology | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-05-05

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasmodium_falciparum


00:03:07 1 History
00:03:54 1.1 Discovery
00:07:43 1.2 Origin and evolution
00:09:35 2 Structure
00:12:45 2.1 Genome
00:14:27 3 Life cycle
00:14:50 3.1 In humans
00:16:11 3.1.1 Liver stage or exo-erythrocytic schizogony
00:17:14 3.1.2 Blood stage or erythrocytic schizogony
00:19:10 3.1.2.1 Trophozoite
00:19:46 3.1.2.2 Schizont
00:20:44 3.1.2.3 Gametocyte
00:21:19 3.2 Incubation period
00:22:10 3.3 In mosquitoes
00:23:53 4 Interaction with human immune system
00:24:05 4.1 Immune response
00:26:16 4.2 Immune system evasion
00:28:11 5 Pathogenesis
00:30:21 6 Distribution and epidemiology
00:32:09 7 Treatment
00:32:18 7.1 History
00:34:40 7.2 Uncomplicated malaria
00:36:29 7.3 Severe malaria
00:37:26 7.4 Vaccination
00:38:07 8 Cancer
00:40:52 9 Influence on the human genome
00:42:11 10 See also



Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.

Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain

Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.

Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:
https://assistant.google.com/services/invoke/uid/0000001a130b3f91
Other Wikipedia audio articles at:
https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=wikipedia+tts
Upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
https://github.com/nodef/wikipedia-tts
Speaking Rate: 0.7823542864154717
Voice name: en-US-Wavenet-D


"I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think."
- Socrates


SUMMARY
=======
Plasmodium falciparum is a unicellular protozoan parasite of humans, and the deadliest species of Plasmodium that cause malaria in humans. It is transmitted through the bite of a female Anopheles mosquito. It is responsible for roughly 50% of all malaria cases. It causes the disease's most dangerous form called falciparum malaria. It is therefore regarded as the deadliest parasite in humans, causing 435,000 deaths in 2017. It is also associated with the development of blood cancer (Burkitt's lymphoma) and is classified as Group 2A carcinogen.
The species originated from the malarial parasite Laverania found in gorillas, around 10,000 years ago. Alphonse Laveran was the first to identify the parasite in 1880, and named it Oscillaria malariae. Ronald Ross discovered its transmission by mosquito in 1897. Giovanni Battista Grassi elucidated the complete transmission from a female anopheline mosquito to humans in 1898. In 1897, William H. Welch created the name Plasmodium falciparum, which ICZN formally adopted in 1954. P. falciparum assumes several different forms during its life cycle. The human-infective stage are sporozoites from the salivary gland of a mosquito. The sporozoites grow and multiply in the liver to become merozoites. These merozoites invade the erythrocytes (RBCs) to form trophozoites, schizonts and gametocytes, during which the symptoms of malaria are produced. In the mosquito, the gametocytes undergo sexual reproduction to a zygote, which turns into ookinete. Ookinete forms oocyts from which sporozoites are formed.
As of the latest World Malaria Report of the World Health Organization, there were 219 million cases of malaria worldwide in 2017, up from 216 million cases in 2016. This resulted in an estimated 435,000 deaths. Almost every malarial death is caused by P. falciparum, and 93% of death occurs in Africa. Children under five years of age are most affected, accounting for 61% of the total deaths. In Sub-Saharan Africa, over 75% of cases were due to P. falciparum, whereas in most other malarial countries, other, less virulent plasmodial species predominate.