Fluorescent light bulb | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-06-05

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluorescent_lamp


00:01:22 1 History
00:01:30 1.1 Physical discoveries
00:04:31 1.2 Early discharge lamps
00:09:12 1.3 Neon lamps
00:11:41 1.4 Commercialization of fluorescent lamps
00:17:25 2 Principles of operation
00:20:20 2.1 Construction
00:22:59 2.2 Electrical aspects of operation
00:26:01 2.3 Effect of temperature
00:27:39 2.4 Losses
00:29:19 2.5 Cold-cathode fluorescent lamps
00:31:20 2.6 Starting
00:31:49 2.6.1 Preheating
00:37:12 2.6.2 Instant start
00:38:04 2.6.3 Rapid start
00:39:08 2.6.4 Quick-start
00:40:18 2.6.5 Semi-resonant start
00:42:33 2.6.6 Programmed start
00:43:09 2.6.7 Electronic ballasts
00:47:30 2.7 End of life
00:48:00 2.7.1 Emission mix
00:49:31 2.7.2 Ballast electronics
00:51:26 2.7.3 Phosphor
00:52:07 2.7.4 Loss of mercury
00:53:22 2.7.5 Burned-out filaments
00:54:21 3 Phosphors and the spectrum of emitted light
00:55:33 3.1 Color temperature
00:57:03 3.2 Color rendering index
00:58:22 3.3 Phosphor composition
00:59:30 4 Applications
01:01:09 5 Advantages
01:01:18 5.1 Luminous efficacy
01:03:18 5.2 Life
01:04:01 5.3 Lower luminance
01:04:31 5.4 Lower heat
01:04:57 6 Disadvantages
01:05:06 6.1 Frequent switching
01:06:02 6.2 Health and safety issues
01:07:21 6.3 Ultraviolet emission
01:08:15 6.4 Ballast
01:09:10 6.5 Power quality and radio interference
01:10:30 6.6 Operating temperature
01:11:10 6.7 Lamp shape
01:12:02 6.8 Flicker problems
01:15:23 6.9 Dimming
01:16:12 6.10 Disposal and recycling
01:16:52 7 Lamp sizes and designations
01:17:14 8 Other fluorescent lamps
01:17:23 8.1 Black light
01:18:48 8.2 Tanning lamp
01:19:46 8.3 UVB medical lamps
01:20:49 8.4 Grow lamp
01:21:18 8.5 Infrared lamps
01:21:45 8.6 Bilirubin lamps
01:22:07 8.7 Germicidal lamp
01:23:45 8.8 Electrodeless lamp
01:24:20 8.9 Cold-cathode fluorescent lamp
01:24:45 9 Science demonstrations
01:25:44 10 See also



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SUMMARY
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A fluorescent lamp, or fluorescent tube, is a low-pressure mercury-vapor gas-discharge lamp that uses fluorescence to produce visible light. An electric current in the gas excites mercury vapor, which produces short-wave ultraviolet light that then causes a phosphor coating on the inside of the lamp to glow. A fluorescent lamp converts electrical energy into useful light much more efficiently than incandescent lamps. The typical luminous efficacy of fluorescent lighting systems is 50–100 lumens per watt, several times the efficacy of incandescent bulbs with comparable light output.
Fluorescent lamp fixtures are more costly than incandescent lamps because they require a ballast to regulate the current through the lamp, but the lower energy cost typically offsets the higher initial cost. Compact fluorescent lamps are now available in the same popular sizes as incandescents and are used as an energy-saving alternative in homes.
Because they contain mercury, many fluorescent lamps are classified as hazardous waste. The United States Environmental Protection Agency recommends that fluorescent lamps be segregated from general waste for recycling or safe disposal, and some jurisdictions require recycling of them.