Dam | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-05-07

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dam


00:01:38 1 History
00:01:47 1.1 Ancient dams
00:06:12 1.2 Roman engineering
00:08:50 1.3 Middle Ages
00:09:43 1.4 Industrial revolution
00:13:40 1.5 Large dams
00:15:44 2 Types of dams
00:16:09 2.1 By structure
00:16:30 2.1.1 Arch dams
00:19:22 2.1.2 Gravity dams
00:21:55 2.1.3 Arch-gravity dams
00:22:33 2.1.4 Barrages
00:23:21 2.1.5 Embankment dams
00:23:45 2.1.5.1 Rock-fill dams
00:26:25 2.1.5.2 Concrete-face rock-fill dams
00:27:44 2.1.5.3 Earth-fill dams
00:29:58 2.1.6 Fixed-crest dams
00:30:25 2.2 By size
00:31:14 2.3 By use
00:31:23 2.3.1 Saddle dam
00:32:14 2.3.2 Weir
00:32:38 2.3.3 Check dam
00:33:03 2.3.4 Dry dam
00:33:28 2.3.5 Diversionary dam
00:33:53 2.3.6 Underground dam
00:35:34 2.3.7 Tailings dam
00:37:30 2.4 By material
00:37:39 2.4.1 Steel dams
00:38:13 2.4.2 Timber dams
00:39:47 2.5 Other types
00:39:56 2.5.1 Cofferdams
00:40:54 2.5.2 Natural dams
00:43:01 2.5.2.1 Beaver dams
00:43:31 3 Construction elements
00:43:40 3.1 Power generation plant
00:44:56 3.2 Spillways
00:46:46 4 Dam creation
00:46:55 4.1 Common purposes
00:47:35 4.2 Location
00:48:59 4.3 Impact assessment
00:49:33 4.3.1 Environmental impact
00:51:37 4.3.2 Human social impact
00:53:06 4.3.3 Economics
00:54:23 5 Dam failure
00:57:09 6 See also
00:57:43 7 Further reading



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SUMMARY
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A dam is a barrier that stops or restricts the flow of water or underground streams. Reservoirs created by dams not only suppress floods but also provide water for activities such  as irrigation, human consumption, industrial use, aquaculture, and navigability. Hydropower is often used in conjunction with dams to generate electricity. A dam can also be used to collect water or for storage of water which can be evenly distributed between locations. Dams generally serve the primary purpose of retaining water, while other structures such as floodgates or levees (also known as dikes) are used to manage or prevent water flow into specific land regions. The earliest known dam is the Jawa Dam in Jordan, dating to 3,000 BC.
The word dam can be traced back to Middle English, and before that, from Middle Dutch, as seen in the names of many old cities. The first known appearance of dam occurs in 1165. However, there is one village, Obdam, that is already mentioned in 1120. The word seems to be related to the Greek word taphos, meaning "grave" or "grave hill". So the word should be understood as "dike from dug out earth". The names of more than 40 places (with minor changes) from the Middle Dutch era (1150–1500 CE) such as Amsterdam (founded as 'Amstelredam' in the late 12th century) and Rotterdam, also bear testimony to the use of the word in Middle Dutch at that time.