HEART ANATOMY, CIRCULATORY SYSTEM |DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ARTERY AND VEIN | INTRODUCTION OF HEART PART 1
Channel: Medical Lecture by Anurag
Date: 2022-09-04

The heart has a somewhat conical form and is enclosed by the pericardium. It is positioned posteriorly to the body of the sternum with one-third situated on the right and two-thirds on the left of the midline. The heart measures 12 x 8.5 x 6 cm and weighs ~310 g (males) and ~255 g (females)

Relations

Anteriorly: the body of the sternum, and adjoining costal cartilages; left lung, and pleura (apex)
Posteriorly: oesophagus, descending thoracic aorta, azygos, hemiazygos veins,  and thoracic duct
Superficially : bifurcation of the main pulmonary trunk
Inferiorly: diaphragm
Laterally: lungs, pleura

The heart wall consists of three layers enclosed in the pericardium

Epicardium - the outer layer of the wall of the heart and is formed by the visceral layer of the serous pericardium.
Myocardium - the muscular middle layer of the wall of the heart and has excitable tissue and the conducting system.
Endocardium
A middle concentric layer
A subendocardial layer.
The rest of the heart is composed mainly of the subepicardial and subendocardial layers.
What are blood vessels?
Blood vessels are channels that carry blood throughout your body. They form a closed loop, like a circuit, that begins and ends at your heart. Together, the heart vessels and blood vessels form your circulatory system. Your body contains about 60,000 miles of blood vessels.

There are three types of blood vessels:

Arteries carry blood away from your heart.
Veins carry blood back toward your heart.
Capillaries, the smallest blood vessels, connect arteries and veins.
How does blood flow through your body?
Here’s how blood flows through your body:

Veins bring blood to the right side of your heart.
Pulmonary arteries carry the blood to your lungs, where it receives oxygen.
Pulmonary veins move the blood oxygen-rich blood to the left side of your heart.
The aorta (the main artery in your body) carries the blood from the left side of your heart to the rest of your body through many branches of arteries.
Capillaries have thin walls that allow oxygen, nutrients, carbon dioxide and waste products to pass through, to and from the tissue cells.
Veins then carry the blood back to your heart, and the process begins again.
Reference - https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/body/21640-blood-vessels#:~:text=Arteries%20carry%20blood%20away%20from,vessels%2C%20connect%20arteries%20and%20veins.
https://www.physio-pedia.com/Anatomy_of_the_Human_Heart
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