Monthon | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 07/12/2018

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Monthon


00:00:53 1 History
00:02:15 2 Resistance to reform
00:03:46 3 Further development
00:04:51 4 List of monthons
00:05:01 4.1 North
00:07:01 4.2 Northeast
00:08:20 4.3 South
00:10:06 4.4 Central
00:11:40 4.5 East
00:12:33 5 Boriwen
00:12:57 6 See also



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SUMMARY
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Monthon (Thai: มณฑล) were administrative subdivisions of Thailand at the beginning of the 20th century. The Thai word monthon is a translation of the word mandala (maṇḍala, literally "circle"), in its sense of a type of political formation. The monthon were created as a part of the Thesaphiban (เทศาภิบาล, literally "local government") bureaucratic administrative system, introduced by Prince Damrong Rajanubhab which, together with the monthon, established step-by-step today's present provinces (changwat), districts (amphoe), and communes (tambon) throughout Thailand. Each monthon was led by a royal commissioner called Thesaphiban (เทศาภิบาล), later renamed to Samuhathesaphiban (สมุหเทศาภิบาล). The system was officially adopted by the 1897 Local Administration Act, after some monthon had been established and administrative details were sorted out.