Utility pole | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-10-02

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utility_pole


00:01:46 1 Use
00:03:39 2 Description
00:04:52 2.1 Pole materials
00:06:58 2.2 Power distribution wires and equipment
00:11:02 2.3 Communication cables
00:12:30 2.4 Other equipment
00:13:15 3 Pole attachment hardware
00:14:38 3.1 Attachment hardware by pole type
00:19:37 4 Access
00:20:34 5 Dead-end poles
00:22:16 6 History
00:29:05 7 Markings
00:29:15 7.1 Pole brandings
00:33:10 7.2 Coordinates on pole tags
00:34:23 8 Pole route
00:35:52 9 Environmental impact
00:36:53 10 See also



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SUMMARY
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A utility pole is a column or post used to support overhead power lines and various other public utilities, such as electrical cable, fiber optic cable, and related equipment such as transformers and street lights. It can be referred to as a transmission pole, telephone pole, telecommunication pole, power pole, hydro pole, telegraph pole, or telegraph post, depending on its application.  A stobie pole is a multi-purpose pole made of two steel joists held apart by a slab of concrete in the middle, generally found in South Australia.
Electrical wires and cables are routed overhead on utility poles as an inexpensive way to keep them insulated from the ground and out of the way of people and vehicles. Utility poles can be made of wood, metal, concrete, or composites like fiberglass.  They are used for two different types of power lines; subtransmission lines which carry higher voltage power between substations, and distribution lines which distribute lower voltage power to customers.
The first poles were used in 1843 by telegraph pioneer William Fothergill Cooke who used them on a line along the Great Western Railway. Utility poles were first used in the mid-19th century in America with telegraph systems, starting with Samuel Morse who attempted to bury a line between Baltimore and Washington, D.C., but moved it above ground when this system proved faulty.  Today, underground distribution lines are increasingly used as an alternative to utility poles in residential neighborhoods, due to poles' perceived ugliness.