Branch (biology) | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-06-07

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_(biology)


00:00:51 1 Definition and associated terms
00:02:02 2 Modern view
00:02:11 2.1 Three domains of life
00:04:14 2.2 Kingdoms of the Eukaryota
00:06:47 3 History
00:06:56 3.1 Two life forms: animals and plants
00:07:31 3.2 Three kingdoms: animal, vegetable, and mineral
00:08:10 3.3 Three kingdoms: plants, protists, and animals
00:09:29 3.4 Four kingdoms
00:10:08 3.5 Domain, empires, and four or five kingdoms
00:12:21 3.6 Eight kingdoms
00:14:07 3.7 Six kingdoms
00:16:37 3.8 Seven kingdoms
00:17:10 3.9 Summary
00:18:06 4 Viruses
00:18:56 5 See also



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SUMMARY
=======
In biology, kingdom (Latin: regnum, plural regna) is the second highest taxonomic rank, just below domain. Kingdoms are divided into smaller groups called phyla. 
Traditionally, some textbooks from the United States used a system of six kingdoms (Animalia, Plantae, Fungi, Protista, Archaea/Archaebacteria, and Bacteria/Eubacteria) while textbooks in countries like Great Britain, India, Greece, Australia, Latin America and other countries used five kingdoms (Animalia, Plantae, Fungi, Protista and Monera).
Some recent classifications based on modern cladistics have explicitly abandoned the term "kingdom", noting that the traditional kingdoms are not monophyletic, i.e., do not consist of all the descendants of a common ancestor.