Middle Eastern theatre of World War I | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-05-16

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_Eastern_theatre_of_World_War_I


00:02:56 1 Objectives
00:03:06 1.1 Ottomans and Central Powers
00:05:27 1.2 Allies
00:05:36 1.2.1 Britain
00:07:06 1.2.2 Russia
00:08:28 1.3 Armenians
00:09:22 1.4 Arabs
00:09:49 2 Operational area
00:12:23 3 Ottomans on the Eastern European Front
00:14:28 4 Forces
00:14:37 4.1 Central Powers (Ottoman Empire)
00:21:53 4.1.1 Recruitment
00:23:47 4.2 Entente nations
00:27:45 4.2.1 Recruitment
00:29:55 4.3 Asymmetrical forces
00:31:54 5 Chronology
00:32:03 5.1 Prelude
00:36:26 5.2 1914
00:36:36 5.2.1 November
00:42:06 5.2.2 December
00:44:21 5.3 1915
00:44:31 5.3.1 January–March
00:49:34 5.3.2 April–June
00:55:06 5.3.3 July–September
00:56:32 5.3.4 October–December
00:59:24 5.4 1916
01:01:10 5.5 1917
01:02:25 5.6 1918
01:05:23 6 Aftermath
01:05:54 6.1 Military occupation
01:06:52 6.2 Peace treaty
01:08:14 6.3 Abolition of the Caliphate
01:08:37 7 Casualties
01:16:46 8 Timeline
01:16:56 9 See also
01:17:27 10 Footnotes
01:17:37 11 Bibliography
01:19:46 12 Further reading
01:23:22 13 External links



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SUMMARY
=======
The Middle Eastern theatre of World War I saw action between 29 October 1914 and 30 October 1918. The combatants were, on one side, the Ottoman Empire (including Kurds and some Arab tribes), with some assistance from the other Central Powers; and on the other side, the British (with the help of Jews, Greeks, Assyrians and the majority of the Arabs, along with Indians under its empire), the Russians (with the help of Armenians) and the French from among the Allied Powers. There were five main campaigns: the Sinai and Palestine Campaign, the Mesopotamian Campaign, the Caucasus Campaign, the Persian Campaign, and the Gallipoli Campaign. There were also several minor campaigns: the Senussi Campaign, Arab Campaign, and South Arabia Campaign.
Both sides used local asymmetrical forces in the region. On the Allied side were Arabs who participated in the Arab Revolt and the Armenian militia who participated in the Armenian Resistance during the Armenian Genocide; along with Armenian volunteer units, the Armenian militia formed the Armenian Corps of the First Republic of Armenia in 1918. In addition, the Assyrians joined the Allies following the Assyrian genocide, instigating the Assyrian war of independence. The Turkish Ottomans had the support of Kurds (until 1915), Turcomans, Circassians, Chechens and a number of Iranian, Arab and Berber groups. The theatre covered the largest territory of all theatres in the war.
Russian participation in the theatre ended as a result of the Armistice of Erzincan (5 December 1917), after which the revolutionary Russian government withdrew from the war under the terms of the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (3 March 1918). The Armenians attended the Trabzon Peace Conference (14 March 1918) which resulted in the Treaty of Batum on 4 June 1918. The Ottomans accepted the Armistice of Mudros with the Allies on 30 October 1918, and signed the Treaty of Sèvres on 10 August 1920 and later the Treaty of Lausanne on 24 July 1923.