How Africa turned sideways and crashed into Eurasia
Channel: Genuine Rockstars
Date: 2022-05-11

Genuine Rockstar Dr Derya Gürer tells us about how a mantle plume caused a tectonic chain reaction which caused Africa to turn sideways and crash into Eurasia. She carefully describes the dance of tectonic plates that occurred during a time when the Earth's magnetic field did not reverse, making it very difficult to reconstruct and to date. We interview Derya on a Joides resolution II mission in the middle of the Southern Ocean just after she finishes a night shift, as she takes the time to share her amazing story!

Please check the paper here: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41561-022-00893-7

Correction: The Earth’s outer shell = crust (not lithosphere)

Credits: 

Southern Ocean - Google Earth
Volcano - md579 - unsplash
Teacher - Joseph Redfield Nino - pixabay
Land & Ocean - Christian Bodhi - pixabay
Himalayas - MattHrusc - pixabay
Atlantis - @Zlatáky.cz - unsplash
Mountains - anwar optin - pixabay
Lithosphere Earth pie section - Srimadhav - Wikipedia
Earth Crust - Kelvinsong - Wikipedia
Lithosphere subduction - KDS4444 - Wikipedia
GPS - PIRO4D - pixabay
Plate tectonics - BPS digital studios - giphy
Mid Oceanic Ridge - USGS - Wikipedia
San Andreas Fault - Ikluft - Wikipedia
Ocean floor - Yannis Papanastasoupoulos - unsplash
Map Ocean Floor - Tharp - Heezen map by Berann
Marie-Tharp 1950's - Lamont Doherty (Earth Observatory and the estate of Marie Tharp)
Earth magnetic field - Geek3 - Wikipedia
Oceanic record of magnetic polarity - Chmeez - Wikipedia
Geomagnetic polarity timescale - Anomie - Wikipedia
Magnetic field flip - NASA - Wikipedia
Magnetic field - Newton Henry Black - Wikipedia
Continental movement - SebM123 - Wikipedia
Alpine Himalayan Belt - Jo Weber - Wikipedia
Formation Himalayas - gifs.com
Ophiolites Himalayas (Dark rocks) - Derya Gürer
Hawaiian belt - Google Earth
Age grid of the global ocean – note that the black band represents the Cretaceous quiet zone where we have no magnetic polarity reversals (source: Tarduno, Nature Geoscience, 2012)
https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo1413
Plate over plume as paper over marker - Melanie During
Plume affecting tectonics - Alishe Steinberger (for Van Hinsbergen et al 2021; https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-021-00780-7)
Plate tectonics by Morandava Plume - Utrecht University (Van Hinsbergen et al 2021; https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-021-00780-7)
Fingernails guitar - Scott Gruber - unsplash
Spiral geologic time - USGS Joseph Graham, William Newman & John Stacey
KPG core - Joides Resolution II expedition 392 - Derya Gürer
Derya holding a core - Joides Resolution II expedition 392
Derya describing cores - Joides Resolution II expedition 392
The team of the R_V Falkor CoralSeafloor expedition 
Large igneous provinces - USGS
Bakken core- Joshua Doubek - Wikipedia
Turbidite - Oggmus - Wikipedia
Plutons - Karla Panchuk
Fieldwork in Turkey (x2) - Peter Lippert
Joides Resolution II expedition 392 - Derya Gürer
Team on Board starting the UN Decade of the Ocean at Sea - mapping the Tasman Sea - Derya Gürer
Glass house mountains - Dan Park - pixabay
Yoga - Vimeo-free-videos - pixabay
Joides Resolution II expedition 392 - Derya Gürer
Sunfish - Allan Hack/Flickr