Manusmriti | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-05-11

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manusmriti


00:01:53 1 Nomenclature
00:02:34 2 Chronology
00:05:19 3 Structure
00:06:42 3.1 Creation of the world
00:07:10 3.2 Sources of the law
00:09:07 3.3 Dharma of the four Varnas
00:12:18 3.4 Determination of Karmayoga
00:13:32 4 Contents
00:14:40 4.1 On virtues and outcast
00:17:04 4.2 On personal choices, behaviors and morals
00:19:08 4.3 On rights of women
00:23:36 4.4 On statecraft and rules of war
00:24:50 5 Authenticity and inconsistencies in various manuscripts
00:28:54 6 Commentaries
00:32:20 7 Significance and role in history
00:32:31 7.1 In ancient and medieval India
00:34:11 7.2 In British India
00:40:35 7.3 Outside India
00:41:54 8 Comparison with other dharmasastras
00:44:33 9 Modern reception
00:50:55 10 Editions and translations
00:52:57 11 See also



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SUMMARY
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The Manusmṛti (Sanskrit: मनुस्मृति), also spelled as Manusmriti/Manusmruti, is an ancient legal text among the many Dharmaśāstras of Hinduism. It was one of the first Sanskrit texts to have been translated into English in 1776, by Sir William Jones, and was used to formulate the Hindu law by the British colonial government.Over fifty manuscripts of the Manusmriti are now known, but the earliest discovered, most translated and presumed authentic version since the 18th century has been the "Calcutta manuscript with Kulluka Bhatta commentary". Modern scholarship states this presumed authenticity is false, and the various manuscripts of Manusmriti discovered in India are inconsistent with each other, and within themselves, raising concerns of its authenticity, insertions and interpolations made into the text in later times.The metrical text is in Sanskrit, is variously dated to be from the 2nd century BCE to 3rd century CE, and it presents itself as a discourse given by Manu (Svayambhuva) and Bhrigu on dharma topics such as duties, rights, laws, conduct, virtues and others. The text's fame spread outside India, long before the colonial era. The medieval era Buddhistic law of Myanmar and Thailand are also ascribed to Manu, and the text influenced past Hindu kingdoms in Cambodia and Indonesia.Manusmriti is also called the Mānava-Dharmaśāstra or Laws of Manu.