IMPORTANCE OF BIODIVERSITY
Channel: EVSedu
Date: 2020-09-24

This video is about the IMPORTANCE OF BIODIVERSITY as in previous lecture of our series we have learned about the Biodiversity. 
You can check the Video Link here  https://youtu.be/j1oN-dMv4go
Now in this video we will learned about the importance and value of BIODIVERSITY. Ecosystems and species provide an enormous range of goods and other services immediate as well as long term, material as well as spiritual and psychological - which are vital to our well-being. The values of biodiversity or we can say, the earth’s biological resources, are broadly classified into two classes    DIRECT AND INDIRECT VALUES. 
DIRECT VALUES of biodiversity are those values which we directly consume or produce into another product and these include: 
CONSUMPTIVE USE
PRODUCTIVE USE
CONSUMPTIVE values are concerned, these are also known as (non-market value) meaning Products which are directly consumed without going to market. Man is mostly dependent on plant and animal resources for his’ dietary requirements. A major share of our food comes from domesticated crops and animals. Biodiversity provides various food products from both animal and plant origin:
Plants: Grains, vegetables, fruits, nuts, condiments, tea-coffee, oil etc. 
ANIMALS: meat, fish, egg, milk (and milk products), honey, etc. 
The second direct values of biodiversity is productive use values or (Market Value) Products that are commercially harvested for exchange in formal market
1. Such as animal skin medicinal plants , fibers Tusks of Elephants, Musk from Musk dear, Silk from Silk Worms, Wool  from Sheep etc.
2. Wild Gene Resources – traded for use by scientists for introducing desirable traits in the crops and domesticated animals.
Trade and commerce industry is very largely dependent on good harvested from various biological resources. Besides, timber, firewood, and other wood products, we get many valuable commercial products from forests and use as raw material in various industries 
PAPER AND PULP INDUSTRY, PLYWOOD INDUSTRY, RAILWAY SLEEPER INDUSTRY, TEXTILE INDUSTRY, IVORY WORKS, LEATHER INDUSTRY, PEARL INDUSTRY. In additional different products gathered in the wild form forest areas are:
Rattan, cane, sisal, rubber, pectin's, resins, gums, tannins, vegetable oils, waxes, and essential oils etc.
Among PRODUCTIVE use we have medicines collected from various plant and animal origin.  Medicine. Herbs of medicinal value many medicinal and aromatic plants are being exploited in the wild to tap their potential for different ailment cure in the field of drug extraction e.g. 
PENICILLIN, used as an antibiotic is derived from a fungus called Penicillium. Vimblastin and Vincristine, two anti cancer drugs have been obtained from Periwinkle(Catharanthus) plant.  Artemesia abscinthin. Quinine is obtained from bark cinchona tree. TETRACYCLIN from a bacterium, Ephedra Kerardiana. Dactylorrahiza hatageria etc. 
ANIMAL PRODUCTS  are also sources of drugs, analgesics pharmaceuticals, antibiotics, heart regulators, anticancer and ant parasite drugs, blood pressure regulators, anticoagulants, enzymes, and hormones.
Indirect values are Non-consumptive uses and options for the future.
These include: ecological, Aesthetic, social and cultural, ethical and optional values.
INDIRECT VALUES ARE NON-CONSUMPTIVE uses and options for the future. These include: ecological, Aesthetic, social and cultural, ethical and optional values.
ECOLOGICAL VALUES: 
1. Carbon fixing through photosynthesis, which provides the support system for species.
2. Maintaining water cycles, recharging ground water, protecting watersheds. Pollination, gene flow, etc.
3. Absorbing and decomposing pollutants, organic wastes, pesticides, air and water      pollutants 
4. Soil production and protection from erosion 
5. Buffering from climatic extreme conditions such as flood and drought; etc.
AESTHETIC USE:  Wild species of plants and animals have always appealed man’s psyche. 
Human society has evolved from his early habitat in the forests, which abounds in flora and fauna. 
Till date his instinct to observe nature in the wild calls him from socially and culturally an evolved society, as tourist from far and wide places.
CULTURAL BENEFITS: A particular species or community of organisms may have emotional value for a group of people who feel that their identity is inextricably linked to the natural components of the environment that shaped their culture. This may be expressed as Values associated with social life,  customs, religion and psycho-spiritual  aspects of the people.
Various plants and animals have been worshiped in Hindu religion and are considered holy. Such as: TUSI, PEEPAL, MANGO, LOTUS, COW, SNAKE, MONKEY etc.
ETHICAL VALUE: Species have a moral right to exist: Moral justification for conservation of biodiversity is based on the belief that species have a moral right to exist, independent of our need for them.