Caffeine | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-10-04

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caffeine


00:02:50 1 Use
00:02:59 1.1 Medical
00:03:51 1.2 Enhancing performance
00:03:59 1.2.1 Cognitive
00:04:57 1.2.2 Physical
00:06:05 1.3 Specific populations
00:06:14 1.3.1 Adults
00:06:30 1.3.2 Children
00:06:59 1.3.3 Adolescents
00:07:43 1.3.4 Pregnancy and breastfeeding
00:09:05 2 Adverse effects
00:09:14 2.1 Physical
00:10:25 2.2 Psychological
00:11:29 2.3 Reinforcement disorders
00:11:39 2.3.1 Addiction
00:12:54 2.3.2 Dependence and withdrawal
00:14:56 2.4 Risk of other diseases
00:15:45 3 Overdose
00:17:50 4 Interactions
00:18:07 4.1 Alcohol
00:19:04 4.2 Tobacco
00:19:17 4.3 Birth control
00:19:32 4.4 Medications
00:19:59 5 Pharmacology
00:20:08 5.1 Pharmacodynamics
00:20:54 5.1.1 Receptor and ion channel targets
00:22:39 5.1.2 Effects on striatal dopamine
00:23:57 5.1.3 Enzyme targets
00:24:27 5.1.4 Off-target effects
00:24:57 5.2 Pharmacokinetics
00:27:40 6 Chemistry
00:28:14 6.1 Synthesis
00:28:54 6.2 Decaffeination
00:29:03 6.3 Detection in body fluids
00:29:22 6.4 Analogs
00:31:31 6.5 Precipitation of tannins
00:32:13 7 Natural occurrence
00:32:57 8 Products
00:33:16 8.1 Beverages
00:35:03 8.1.1 Coffee
00:35:23 8.1.2 Tea
00:35:31 8.1.3 Soft drinks and energy drinks
00:36:22 8.1.4 Other beverages
00:37:09 8.2 Chocolate
00:37:53 8.3 Tablets
00:38:29 8.4 Other oral products
00:39:14 8.5 Inhalants
00:39:45 8.6 Combinations with other drugs
00:40:13 9 History
00:40:38 9.1 Discovery and spread of use
00:41:23 9.2 Chemical identification, isolation, and synthesis
00:41:32 9.3 Historic regulations
00:43:26 10 Society and culture
00:46:08 10.1 Regulations
00:47:13 10.2 Consumption
00:47:22 10.3 Religions
00:48:36 11 Other organisms
00:48:58 12 Research
00:50:19 13 See also
00:50:55 14 References
00:51:08 15 Bibliography



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SUMMARY
=======
Caffeine is a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant of the methylxanthine class. It is the world's most widely consumed psychoactive drug. Unlike many other psychoactive substances, it is legal and unregulated in nearly all parts of the world. There are several known mechanisms of action to explain the effects of caffeine. The most prominent is that it reversibly blocks the action of adenosine on its receptor and consequently prevents the onset of drowsiness induced by adenosine. Caffeine also stimulates certain portions of the autonomic nervous system.
Caffeine is a bitter, white crystalline purine, a methylxanthine alkaloid, and is chemically related to the adenine and guanine bases of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). It is found in the seeds, nuts, or leaves of a number of plants native to Africa, East Asia and South America, and helps to protect them against predator insects and to prevent germination of nearby seeds. The most well-known source of caffeine is the coffee bean, a misnomer for the seed of Coffea plants.  Beverages containing caffeine are ingested to relieve or prevent drowsiness and to improve performance. To make these drinks, caffeine is extracted by steeping the plant product in water, a process called infusion. Caffeine-containing drinks, such as coffee, tea, and cola, are very popular; as of 2014, 85% of American adults consumed some form of caffeine daily, consuming 164 mg on average.Caffeine can have both positive and negative health effects. It can treat and prevent the premature infant breathing disorders bronchopulmonary dysplasia of prematurity and apnea of prematurity. Caffeine citrate is on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. It may confer a modest protective effect against some diseases, including Parkinson's disease. Some people experience sleep disruption or anxiety if they consume caffeine, but others show little disturbance. Evidence of a risk during pregnancy is equivocal; some authorities recommen ...