Probiotics | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-01-14

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Probiotic


00:01:46 1 Definition
00:03:38 2 In food
00:04:13 3 Side effects
00:05:25 3.1 Global consumption
00:06:08 4 Regulation
00:07:37 4.1 Yogurt labeling
00:08:29 5 History
00:14:27 5.1 Etymology
00:15:11 6 Research
00:16:18 6.1 Allergies
00:16:34 6.2 Antibiotic-associated diarrhea
00:18:19 6.3 Bacterial vaginosis
00:19:37 6.4 Blood pressure
00:19:52 6.5 Cholesterol
00:20:48 6.6 Diarrhea
00:21:45 6.7 Eczema
00:22:04 6.8 iHelicobacter pylori/i
00:22:30 6.9 Immune function and infections
00:23:30 6.10 Inflammatory bowel disease
00:24:27 6.11 Irritable bowel syndrome
00:24:49 6.12 Lactose intolerance
00:25:08 6.13 Necrotizing enterocolitis
00:25:36 6.14 Recurrent abdominal pain
00:26:00 6.15 Urinary tract
00:26:17 7 General research
00:26:27 7.1 Formulations
00:26:55 7.2 Multiple probiotics
00:27:28 7.3 Strains
00:28:10 8 Scientific guidelines for testing



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SUMMARY
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Probiotics are live microorganisms intended to provide health benefits when consumed, generally by improving or restoring the gut flora. Probiotics are considered generally safe to consume, but may cause bacteria-host interactions and unwanted side effects in rare cases.The original theory, similar to the modern concept, but not the term, is generally attributed to Nobel laureate Élie Metchnikoff, who postulated that yoghurt-consuming Bulgarian peasants lived longer lives because of that custom. In 1907, he wrote: "[T]he dependence of the intestinal microbes on the food makes it possible to adopt measures to modify the microbiota in our bodies[,] and to replace the harmful microbes by useful microbes."A growing probiotics market has led to the need for stricter requirements for scientific substantiation of putative benefits conferred by microorganisms claimed to be probiotic. Although there are numerous claimed benefits marketed towards using consumer probiotic products, such as reducing gastrointestinal discomfort, improving immune health, relieving constipation, or avoiding the common cold, such claims are not supported by scientific evidence, and are prohibited as deceptive advertising in the United States by the Federal Trade Commission.In a clinical setting however, some probiotics have been found to be useful in treating specific medical conditions, such as antibiotic-associated diarrhea in children and Clostridium difficile infection in adults. One concern is that probiotics taken by mouth can be destroyed by the acidic conditions of the stomach.  As of 2010, a number of microencapsulation techniques were being developed to address this problem.