Plug-in electric car | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 14/01/2019

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plug-in_electric_vehicle


00:03:21 1 Terminology
00:03:30 1.1 Plug-in electric vehicle
00:05:55 1.2 Battery electric vehicles
00:06:47 1.3 Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles
00:07:43 1.4 Aftermarket conversions
00:08:40 1.5 New energy vehicles
00:09:20 2 Advantages
00:10:04 2.1 Lower operating and maintenance costs
00:16:31 2.2 Air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions
00:20:46 2.2.1 Carbon footprint during production
00:24:40 2.2.2 Well-to-wheel GHG emissions in the U.S.
00:41:53 2.2.3 Well-to-wheel GHG emissions in several countries
00:44:25 2.3 Less dependence on imported oil
00:46:19 2.4 Vehicle-to-grid
00:47:44 3 Disadvantages
00:47:53 3.1 Cost of batteries and cost of ownership
00:55:22 3.2 Availability of recharging infrastructure
00:59:13 3.2.1 Battery swapping
01:02:18 3.2.2 Other charging solutions
01:03:32 3.3 Potential overload of the electrical grid
01:06:09 3.4 Risks associated with noise reduction
01:09:36 3.5 Risks of battery fire
01:13:55 3.6 Rare-earth metals availability and supply security
01:24:33 3.7 Car dealers reluctance to sell
01:31:18 4 Government incentives
01:32:28 5 Production plug-in electric vehicles available
01:39:00 5.1 Sales and main markets
01:49:01 5.1.1 China
01:52:50 5.1.2 United States
01:55:52 5.1.3 Japan
01:58:48 5.1.4 Europe
02:01:14 5.1.4.1 Norway
02:04:00 5.1.4.2 France
02:05:55 5.1.4.3 United Kingdom
02:07:37 5.1.4.4 Germany
02:09:39 5.1.4.5 Netherlands
02:12:41 5.2 Top selling PEV models
02:12:51 5.2.1 All-electric cars and vans
02:15:29 5.2.2 Plug-in hybrids
02:18:46 6 See also



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SUMMARY
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A plug-in electric vehicle (PEV) is any motor vehicle that can be recharged from an external source of electricity, such as wall sockets, and the electricity stored in the rechargeable battery packs drives or contributes to drive the wheels. PEV is a subset of electric vehicles that includes all-electric or battery electric vehicles (BEVs) and plug-in hybrid vehicles (PHEVs). In China, plug-in electric vehicles are called new energy vehicles (NEVs). Sales of the first mass-production plug-in cars by major carmakers began in late December 2010, with the introduction of the all-electric Nissan Leaf and the plug-in hybrid Chevrolet Volt.
Plug-in cars have several benefits compared to conventional internal combustion engine vehicles. They have lower operating and maintenance costs, and produce little or no local air pollution. They reduce dependence on petroleum and may severally reduce greenhouse gas emissions, depending on the electricity source, as motors are typically much more efficient than their engine equivalents. Plug-in hybrids capture most of these benefits when they are operating in all-electric mode. 
Cumulative global sales of highway legal plug-in electric passenger cars and light utility vehicles achieved the 1 million unit milestone in September 2015, 2 million in December 2016, 3 million in November 2017, and 4 million by mid 2018, representing just about 1 out of every 300 vehicles on the world's roads.  As of  December 2018, the Nissan Leaf is the world's top selling highway-capable all-electric car in history, with global sales of over 380,000 units. The Tesla Model S ranks second with 250,000 units sold worldwide as of  September 2018.As of  September 2018, China has the world's largest stock of highway legal light-duty plug-in electric vehicles with cumulative sales of almost 2 million plug-in electric passenger cars.  More than 1 million light-duty plug-in electric passenger cars have been registered in Europe by June 2018, with sales led by Norway with over 296,000  units registered as of  December 2018. The United States achieved the 1 million milestone in September 2018. In October 2018, Norway became the first country where 1 in every 10 passen ...