Biological adaptation | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-05-05

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adaptation


00:00:51 1 History
00:03:53 2 General principles
00:04:13 2.1 What adaptation is
00:08:52 2.2 What adaptation is not
00:12:11 2.3 Adaptedness and fitness
00:14:27 2.4 Genetic basis
00:15:44 3 Types
00:15:58 3.1 Changes in habitat
00:17:38 3.2 Genetic change
00:19:48 3.3 Co-adaptation
00:20:32 3.4 Mimicry
00:21:37 3.5 Trade-offs
00:26:39 4 Shifts in function
00:26:55 4.1 Pre-adaptation
00:28:38 4.2 Co-option of existing traits: exaptation
00:29:36 5 Non-adaptive traits
00:31:15 6 Extinction and coextinction
00:32:24 7 Philosophical issues



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SUMMARY
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In biology, adaptation has three related meanings. Firstly, it is the dynamic evolutionary process that fits organisms to their environment, enhancing their evolutionary fitness. Secondly, it is a state reached by the population during that process. Thirdly, it is a phenotypic trait or adaptive trait, with a functional role in each individual organism, that is maintained and has evolved through natural selection. 
Organisms face a succession of environmental challenges as they grow, and show adaptive plasticity as traits develop in response to the imposed conditions. This gives them resilience to varying environments.