Timeline of first orbital launches by country | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2018-12-14

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Timeline of first orbital launches by country


00:01:50 1 List of first orbital launches by country
00:02:01 1.1 Notes
00:02:09 2 Other launches and projects
00:02:29 2.1 Failed launches
00:02:55 2.2 Launches of non-indigenous launch vehicles
00:06:01 2.3 Privately developed launch vehicles
00:07:37 2.4 Abandoned projects
00:10:34 2.5 Future projects
00:11:04 2.6 Satellite operators
00:11:37 3 See also



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SUMMARY
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This is a timeline of first orbital launches by country. While a number of countries have built satellites, as of 2018, eleven countries have had the capability to send objects into orbit using their own launch vehicles. Russia and Ukraine inherited the space launchers and satellites capability from the Soviet Union, following its dissolution in 1991. Russia launches its rockets from its own and foreign (Kazakh) spaceports. Ukraine launched only from foreign (Russian and Kazakh) launch facilities until 2015, after which political differences with Russia effectively halted Ukraine's ability to produce orbital rockets.    France became a space power independently, launching a payload into orbit from Algeria, before joining space launcher facilities in the multi-national Ariane project. The United Kingdom became a space power independently following a single payload insertion into orbit from Australia, before discontinuing official participation in space launch capability, including the Ariane project, in the 1970s.
Thus, as of  2018, nine countries and one inter-governmental organisation (ESA) currently have a proven orbital launch capability, and two countries (France, UK) formerly had such an independent capability. In all cases where a country has conducted independent human spaceflights (as of 2017, three - Russia, USA,  and China), these launches were preceded by independent unmanned launch capability.
The race to launch the first satellite was closely contested by the Soviet Union and the United States, and was the beginning of the Space Race. The launching of satellites, while still contributing to national prestige, is a significant economic activity as well, with public and private rocket systems competing for launches, using cost and reliability as selling points.