Lake ecosystem | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-05-06

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_ecosystem


00:02:09 1 Important abiotic factors
00:02:20 1.1 Light
00:04:00 1.2 Temperature
00:06:42 1.3 Wind
00:08:22 1.4 Chemistry
00:12:04 2 Lentic system biota
00:12:14 2.1 Bacteria
00:13:07 2.2 Primary producers
00:14:49 2.3 Invertebrates
00:15:12 2.4 Fish and other vertebrates
00:16:59 3 Trophic relationships
00:20:17 3.1 Primary producers
00:22:14 3.2 Bacteria
00:22:24 3.3 Benthic Invertebrates
00:23:58 3.4 Fish
00:24:33 3.5 Lentic food webs
00:26:27 4 Community patterns and diversity
00:28:16 4.1 Local species richness
00:30:24 4.2 Succession patterns in plankton communities – the PEG model
00:30:35 4.3 Latitudinal patterns
00:31:31 5 Natural lake lifecycles
00:34:57 5.1 Lake creation
00:36:19 5.2 Natural extinction
00:36:30 6 Human impacts
00:37:27 6.1 Acidification
00:38:50 6.2 Eutrophication
00:39:00 6.3 Invasive species
00:40:59 7 See also
00:43:00 8 References
00:44:07 9 Bibliography



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SUMMARY
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A lake ecosystem includes biotic (living) plants, animals and micro-organisms, as well as abiotic (nonliving) physical and chemical interactions.Lake ecosystems are a prime example of lentic ecosystems. Lentic refers to stationary or relatively still water, from the Latin lentus, which means sluggish. Lentic waters range from ponds to lakes to wetlands, and much of this article applies to lentic ecosystems in general. Lentic ecosystems can be compared with lotic ecosystems, which involve flowing terrestrial waters such as rivers and streams. Together, these two fields form the more general study area of freshwater or aquatic ecology.
Lentic systems are diverse, ranging from a small, temporary rainwater pool a few inches deep to Lake Baikal, which has a maximum depth of 1642 m. The general distinction between pools/ponds and lakes is vague, but Brown states that ponds and pools have their entire bottom surfaces exposed to light, while lakes do not.  In addition, some lakes become seasonally stratified (discussed in more detail below.)  Ponds and pools have two regions: the pelagic open water zone, and the benthic zone, which comprises the bottom and shore regions.  Since lakes have deep bottom regions not exposed to light, these systems have an additional zone, the profundal. These three areas can have very different abiotic conditions and, hence, host species that are specifically adapted to live there.