First in flight | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-06-05

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wright_brothers


00:02:51 1 Childhood
00:05:15 2 Early career and research
00:09:43 2.1 Ideas about control
00:12:46 3 Flights
00:12:54 3.1 Toward flight
00:14:31 3.2 Gliders
00:16:24 3.2.1 1900
00:18:07 3.2.2 1901
00:22:18 3.2.3 1902
00:27:44 3.3 Adding power
00:30:37 3.4 First powered flight
00:35:33 3.5 Establishing legitimacy
00:44:08 4 European skepticism
00:45:20 5 Contracts and return to Kitty Hawk
00:48:33 5.1 Return to glider flights
00:49:02 6 Public showing
00:55:16 6.1 Family flights
00:56:09 7 Patent war
00:57:40 7.1 Lawsuits begin
01:00:52 7.2 Victory and cooperation
01:03:06 7.3 Public reactions
01:03:52 8 In business
01:06:56 8.1 Army accidents
01:08:09 9 Smithsonian feud
01:12:40 10 Last years
01:12:49 10.1 Wilbur
01:15:33 10.2 Orville
01:19:31 11 Competing claims
01:20:53 12 Rivalry
01:22:22 13 See also



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SUMMARY
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The Wright brothers, Orville (August 19, 1871 – January 30, 1948) and Wilbur (April 16, 1867 – May 30, 1912), were two American aviation pioneers generally credited with inventing, building, and flying the world's first successful airplane. They made the first controlled, sustained flight of a powered, heavier-than-air aircraft with the Wright Flyer on December 17, 1903, four miles south of Kitty Hawk, North Carolina. In 1904–05, the brothers developed their flying machine into the first practical fixed-wing aircraft, the Wright Flyer III. Although not the first to build experimental aircraft, the Wright brothers were the first to invent aircraft controls that made fixed-wing powered flight possible.
The brothers' breakthrough was their creation of a three-axis control system, which enabled the pilot to steer the aircraft effectively and to maintain its equilibrium. This method remains standard on fixed-wing aircraft of all kinds. From the beginning of their aeronautical work, the Wright brothers focused on developing a reliable method of pilot control as the key to solving "the flying problem". This approach differed significantly from other experimenters of the time who put more emphasis on developing powerful engines. Using a small homebuilt wind tunnel, the Wrights also collected more accurate data than any before, enabling them to design more efficient wings and propellers. Their first U.S. patent did not claim invention of a flying machine, but a system of aerodynamic control that manipulated a flying machine's surfaces.The brothers gained the mechanical skills essential to their success by working for years in their Dayton, Ohio-based shop with printing presses, bicycles, motors, and other machinery. Their work with bicycles in particular influenced their belief that an unstable vehicle such as a flying machine could be controlled and balanced with practice. From 1900 until their first powered flights in late 1903, they conducted extensive glider tests that also developed their skills as pilots. Their shop employee Charlie Taylor became an important part of the team, building their first airplane engine in close collaboration with the brothers.
The Wright brothers' status as inventors of the airplane has been subject to counter-claims by various parties. Much controversy persists over the many competing claims of early aviators. Edward Roach, historian for the Dayton Aviation Heritage National Historical Park, argues that they were excellent self-taught engineers who could run a small company, but they did not have the business skills or temperament to dominate the growing aviation industry.