German resistance to Nazism | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-06-17

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_resistance_to_Nazism


00:01:56 1 Introduction
00:07:22 2 Pre-war resistance 1933–39
00:15:10 3 Role of the churches
00:20:36 3.1 Catholic resistance
00:32:40 3.2 Protestant churches
00:35:24 4 Resistance in the Army 1938&#8211;42
00:40:45 4.1 Munich crisis
00:43:48 4.2 Outbreak of war
00:50:28 5 First assassination attempt
00:52:10 6 Nadir of resistance: 1940–42
00:56:39 7 Communist resistance
01:00:29 8 Aeroplane assassination attempt
01:03:11 9 Suicide bombing attempts
01:05:34 10 After Stalingrad
01:09:08 11 The White Rose
01:11:39 12 Open Protest
01:26:41 13 Unorganized resistance
01:34:23 14 Relations with Allies
01:38:23 15 Towards July 20
01:49:22 16 20 July plot
01:52:18 17 Rastenburg
01:59:10 18 Aktion Rheinland
01:59:59 19 Historiography
02:00:25 20 See also
02:01:12 21 Notes
02:01:21 22 Further reading
02:17:57 23 External links



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SUMMARY
=======
German resistance to Nazism (German: Widerstand gegen den Nationalsozialismus) was the opposition by individuals and groups in Germany to the National Socialist regime between 1933 and 1945. Some of these engaged in active resistance with plans to remove Adolf Hitler from power by assassination and overthrow his regime.
The term German resistance should not be understood as meaning that there was a united resistance movement in Germany at any time during the Nazi period, analogous to the more coordinated Polish Underground State, Greek Resistance, Yugoslav Partisans, French Resistance, Dutch Resistance, Norwegian resistance movement and Italian Resistance. The German resistance consisted of small and usually isolated groups. They were unable to mobilize political opposition. Except for individual attacks on Nazis (including Hitler) or sabotage acts, the only real strategy was to persuade leaders of the Wehrmacht to stage a coup against the regime: the 1944 assassination attempt against Hitler was intended to trigger such a coup.Approximately 77,000 German citizens were killed for one or another form of resistance by Special Courts, courts-martial, People's Courts and the civil justice system. Many of these Germans had served in government, the military, or in civil positions, which enabled them to engage in subversion and conspiracy; in addition, the Canadian historian Peter Hoffman counts unspecified "tens of thousands" in Nazi concentration camps who were either suspected of or actually engaged in opposition. By contrast, the German historian Hans Mommsen wrote that resistance in Germany was "resistance without the people" and that the number of those Germans engaged in resistance to the Nazi regime was very small.  The resistance in Germany included German citizens of non-German ethnicity, such as members of the Polish minority who formed resistance groups like Olimp.