Jacques Chirac | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2018-12-03

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Jacques Chirac


00:02:16 1 Early life and education
00:02:26 1.1 Family background and marriage: 1932–56
00:04:15 1.2 Education and early career: 1956–62
00:05:34 2 Early political career
00:05:43 2.1 The "bulldozer": 1962–71
00:07:30 2.2 Cabinet minister: 1971–74
00:09:15 2.3 Prime Minister of Giscard: 1974–76
00:11:07 3 Mayor of Paris (1977–1995)
00:12:22 4 Governmental opposition
00:12:32 4.1 Struggle for the right-wing leadership: 1976–86
00:15:58 4.2 Prime Minister of Mitterrand: 1986–88
00:18:30 4.3 Crossing the desert: 1988–95
00:20:42 5 Presidency (1995–2007)
00:20:54 5.1 First term: 1995–2002
00:21:05 5.1.1 Juppé ministry
00:23:27 5.1.2 State responsibility for the roundup of Jews
00:24:54 5.1.3 "Cohabitation" with Jospin
00:27:53 5.1.4 Defence policy
00:29:24 5.1.5 Close call
00:30:30 5.2 Second term: 2002–07
00:31:56 5.2.1 Early term
00:33:11 5.2.2 Assassination attempt
00:33:47 5.2.3 Foreign policy
00:36:01 5.2.4 Flight tax
00:36:43 5.2.5 2005 referendum on TCE
00:37:39 5.2.6 2005 civil unrest and CPE protests
00:38:24 5.2.7 Retirement
00:39:41 6 Post-presidency
00:42:30 7 Popular culture
00:42:39 7.1 Impact on French popular culture
00:43:54 7.2 Portrayals in film
00:44:20 8 Controversies
00:44:29 8.1 Osirak controversy
00:45:45 8.2 Conviction for corruption
00:48:57 8.3 The Clearstream Affair
00:49:50 9 Academic works
00:50:22 10 Political career
00:53:08 11 Ministries
00:53:16 11.1 First Chirac ministry
00:54:32 11.2 Second Chirac ministry
00:55:48 12 Honours
00:55:56 12.1 National honours
00:56:05 12.2 Foreign honours
00:56:14 13 Awards and recognition
00:56:36 14 Publications
00:58:08 15 Styles of address
00:58:30 16 See also



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SUMMARY
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Jacques René Chirac (French: [ʒak ʃiʁak]; born 29 November 1932) is a French politician who served as President of France and ex officio Co-Prince of Andorra from 1995 to 2007. Chirac previously was Prime Minister of France from 1974 to 1976 and from 1986 to 1988, as well as Mayor of Paris from 1977 to 1995.
After completing his degree at Sciences Po, a term at Harvard University, and the École nationale d'administration, Chirac began his career as a high-level civil servant, and entered politics shortly after. Chirac occupied various senior positions, including Minister of Agriculture and Minister of the Interior. Chirac's internal policies initially included lower tax rates, the removal of price controls, strong punishment for crime and terrorism, and business privatisation. After pursuing these policies in his second term as Prime Minister, he changed his views. He argued for more socially responsible economic policies, and was elected President in the 1995 presidential election with 52.6% of the vote in the second round, beating Socialist Lionel Jospin, after campaigning on a platform of healing the "social rift" (fracture sociale). Then, Chirac's economic policies, based on dirigisme, allowing for state-directed investment, stood in opposition to the laissez-faire policies of the United Kingdom, which Chirac famously described as "Anglo-Saxon ultraliberalism".He is also known for his stand against the American-led assault on Iraq, his recognition of the collaborationist French Government's role in deporting Jews, and his reduction of the presidential term from 7 years to 5 through a referendum in 2000. At the 2002 French presidential election, he won 82.2% of the vote in the second round against the far-right candidate, Jean-Marie Le Pen. During his second term, however, he had a very low approval rating, and was considered one of the least popular presidents in modern French history.
On 15 December 2011, the Paris court declared Chirac guilty of diverting public funds and abusing public confidence, and gave him a two-year suspended prison sentence.