Central nervous system | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-03-26

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_nervous_system


00:01:26 1 Structure
00:02:08 1.1 White and gray matter
00:03:56 1.2 Spinal cord
00:05:11 1.2.1 Cranial nerves
00:06:17 1.3 Brain
00:06:55 1.3.1 Brainstem
00:08:57 1.3.2 Cerebellum
00:10:16 1.3.3 Diencephalon
00:11:34 1.3.4 Cerebrum
00:12:48 1.4 Difference from the peripheral nervous system
00:14:16 2 Development
00:16:33 2.1 Evolution
00:16:42 2.1.1 Planaria
00:17:35 2.1.2 Arthropoda
00:17:54 2.1.3 Chordata
00:18:56 2.1.3.1 Mammals
00:20:17 3 Clinical significance
00:20:27 3.1 Diseases



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SUMMARY
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The central nervous system (CNS) is the part of the nervous system consisting of the brain and spinal cord. The CNS is so named because it integrates the received information and coordinates and influences the activity of all parts of the bodies of bilaterally symmetric animals—that is, all multicellular animals except sponges and radially symmetric animals such as jellyfish—and it contains the majority of the nervous system. Many consider the retina and the optic nerve (cranial nerve II), as well as the olfactory nerves (cranial nerve I) and olfactory epithelium as parts of the CNS, synapsing directly on brain tissue without intermediate ganglia. As such, the olfactory epithelium is the only central nervous tissue in direct contact with the environment, which opens up for therapeutic treatments.
 The CNS is contained within the dorsal body cavity, with the brain housed in the cranial cavity and the spinal cord in the spinal canal. In vertebrates, the brain is protected by the skull, while the spinal cord is protected by the vertebrae. The brain and spinal cord are both enclosed in the meninges. Within the CNS, the interneuronal space is filled with a large amount of supporting non-nervous cells called neuroglial cells.