Internet | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2018-12-15

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Internet


00:03:25 1 Terminology
00:05:06 2 History
00:11:46 3 Governance
00:14:54 4 Infrastructure
00:15:13 4.1 Routing and service tiers
00:17:18 4.2 Access
00:19:28 4.2.1 Internet and mobile
00:22:06 5 Protocols
00:26:56 6 Services
00:27:36 6.1 World Wide Web
00:31:36 6.2 Communication
00:33:52 6.3 Data transfer
00:37:50 7 Social impact
00:38:11 7.1 Users
00:41:57 7.2 Usage
00:46:28 7.3 Social networking and entertainment
00:54:08 7.4 Electronic business
00:56:11 7.5 Telecommuting
00:56:58 7.6 Collaborative publishing
00:57:50 7.7 Politics and political revolutions
00:58:55 7.8 Philanthropy
01:01:11 8 Security
01:01:34 8.1 Malware
01:02:10 8.2 Surveillance
01:04:30 8.3 Censorship
01:05:38 9 Performance
01:06:01 9.1 Outages
01:06:56 9.2 Energy use



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SUMMARY
=======
The Internet (contraction of interconnected network) is the global system of interconnected computer networks that use the Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) to link devices worldwide. It is a network of networks that consists of private, public, academic, business, and government networks of local to global scope, linked by a broad array of electronic, wireless, and optical networking technologies. The Internet carries a vast range of information resources and services, such as the inter-linked hypertext documents and applications of the World Wide Web (WWW), electronic mail, telephony, and file sharing.
The origins of the Internet date back to research commissioned by the federal government of the United States in the 1960s to build robust, fault-tolerant communication with computer networks. The primary precursor network, the ARPANET, initially served as a backbone for interconnection of regional academic and military networks in the 1980s. The funding of the National Science Foundation Network as a new backbone in the 1980s, as well as private funding for other commercial extensions, led to worldwide participation in the development of new networking technologies, and the merger of many networks. The linking of commercial networks and enterprises by the early 1990s marked the beginning of the transition to the modern Internet, and generated a sustained exponential growth as generations of institutional, personal, and mobile computers were connected to the network. Although the Internet was widely used by academia since the 1980s, commercialization incorporated its services and technologies into virtually every aspect of modern life.
Most traditional communications media, including telephony, radio, television, paper mail and newspapers are reshaped, redefined, or even bypassed by the Internet, giving birth to new services such as email, Internet telephony, Internet television, online music, digital newspapers, and video streaming websites. Newspaper, book, and other print publishing are adapting to website technology, or are reshaped into blogging, web feeds and online news aggregators. The Internet has enabled and accelerated new forms of personal interactions through instant messaging, Internet forums, and social networking. Online shopping has grown exponentially both for major retailers and small businesses and entrepreneurs, as it enables firms to extend their "brick and mortar" presence to serve a larger market or even sell goods and services entirely online.  Business-to-business and financial services on the Internet affect supply chains across entire industries.
The Internet has no centralized governance in either technological implementation or policies for access and usage; each constituent network sets its own policies. Only the overreaching definitions of the two principal name spaces in the Internet, the Internet Protocol address (IP address) space and the Domain Name System (DNS), are directed by a maintainer organization, the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN). The technical underpinning and standardization of the core protocols is an activity of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IET ...