Nuclear weapons and the United States | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 27/06/2019

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_weapons_of_the_United_States


00:02:16 1 Development history
00:02:26 1.1 Manhattan Project
00:06:03 1.2 During the Cold War
00:07:35 1.3 Post–Cold War
00:10:33 2 Nuclear weapons testing
00:15:37 3 Delivery systems
00:20:12 4 Command and control
00:23:23 5 Accidents
00:26:22 6 Deliberate attacks on weapons facilities
00:27:43 7 Development agencies
00:31:28 8 Weapons production complex
00:32:21 9 Proliferation
00:36:35 10 Nuclear disarmament in international law
00:38:31 11 International relations and nuclear weapons
00:39:09 12 Occupational illness
00:39:59 13 Current status
00:41:50 14 Nuclear disarmament movement
00:44:08 15 United States strategic nuclear weapons arsenal
00:44:36 16 See also



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SUMMARY
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The United States was the first country to manufacture nuclear weapons and is the only country to have used them in combat, with the separate bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in World War II. Before and during the Cold War, it conducted over a thousand nuclear tests and tested many long-range nuclear weapons delivery systems.Between 1940 and 1996, the U.S. government spent at least $9.3 trillion in present-day terms on nuclear weapons, including platforms development (aircraft, rockets and facilities), command and control, maintenance, waste management and administrative costs. It is estimated that, since 1945, the United States produced more than 70,000 nuclear warheads, which is more than all other nuclear weapon states combined. The Soviet Union/Russia has produced approximately 55,000 nuclear warheads since 1949, France built 1,110 warheads since 1960, the United Kingdom built 835 warheads since 1952, China built about 600 warheads since 1964, and other nuclear powers built fewer than 500 warheads all together since they developed their first nuclear weapons. Until November 1962, the vast majority of U.S. nuclear tests were above ground. After the acceptance of the Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty, all testing was relegated underground, in order to prevent the dispersion of nuclear fallout.By 1998 at least $759 million had been paid to the Marshall Islanders in compensation for their exposure to U.S. nuclear testing. By February 2006 over $1.2 billion in compensation had been paid to U.S. citizens exposed to nuclear hazards as a result of the U.S. nuclear weapons program.The U.S. and Russia possess comparable numbers of nuclear warheads; together, these two nations possess more than 90% of the world's nuclear warheads. As of 2017, the U.S. has an inventory of 6,800 nuclear warheads; of these, 2,800 are retired and awaiting dismantlement and 4,018 are part of the U.S. stockpile. Of the stockpiled warheads, the U.S. stated in its April 2017 New START declaration that 1,411 are deployed on 673 ICBMs, SLBMs, and strategic bombers.