Electroencephalogram | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-01-14

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electroencephalography


00:02:34 1 History
00:06:52 2 Medical use
00:12:30 3 Research use
00:13:17 3.1 Advantages
00:17:47 3.2 Disadvantages
00:19:15 3.3 With other neuroimaging techniques
00:22:13 4 Mechanisms
00:25:09 5 Method
00:35:32 5.1 Dry EEG electrodes
00:40:02 5.2 Limitations
00:42:57 5.3 EEG vs fMRI, fNIRS and PET
00:45:06 5.4 EEG vs MEG
00:46:08 6 Normal activity
00:48:40 6.1 Wave patterns
00:57:15 7 Artifacts
00:57:25 7.1 Biological artifacts
01:02:08 7.2 Environmental artifacts
01:03:57 7.3 Artifact correction
01:05:31 8 Abnormal activity
01:07:42 8.1 Remote communication
01:08:21 9 Economics
01:12:40 10 Future research



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SUMMARY
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Electroencephalography (EEG) is an electrophysiological monitoring method to record electrical activity of the brain. It is typically noninvasive, with the electrodes placed along the scalp, although invasive electrodes are sometimes used such as in electrocorticography. EEG measures voltage fluctuations resulting from ionic current within the neurons of the brain. In clinical contexts, EEG refers to the recording of the brain's spontaneous electrical activity over a period of time, as recorded from multiple electrodes placed on the scalp. Diagnostic applications generally focus either on event-related potentials or on the spectral content of EEG. The former investigates potential fluctuations time locked to an event like stimulus onset or button press. The latter analyses the type of neural oscillations (popularly called "brain waves") that can be observed in EEG signals in the frequency domain.
EEG is most often used to diagnose epilepsy, which causes abnormalities in EEG readings. It is also used to diagnose sleep disorders, depth of anesthesia, coma, encephalopathies, and brain death. EEG used to be a first-line method of diagnosis for tumors, stroke and other focal brain disorders, but this use has decreased with the advent of high-resolution anatomical imaging techniques such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT). Despite limited spatial resolution, EEG continues to be a valuable tool for research and diagnosis. It is one of the few mobile techniques available and offers millisecond-range temporal resolution which is not possible with CT, PET or MRI.
Derivatives of the EEG technique include evoked potentials (EP), which involves averaging the EEG activity time-locked to the presentation of a stimulus of some sort (visual, somatosensory, or auditory). Event-related potentials (ERPs) refer to averaged EEG responses that are time-locked to more complex processing of stimuli; this technique is used in cognitive science, cognitive psychology, and psychophysiological research.