White | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-10-03

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White


00:01:59 1 Etymology
00:03:40 2 History and art
00:03:50 2.1 Prehistoric and ancient history
00:06:23 2.2 Postclassical history
00:08:36 2.3 Modern history
00:09:06 2.3.1 18th and 19th centuries
00:11:36 2.3.2 20th and 21st centuries
00:13:45 3 Scientific understanding (Color science)
00:14:18 3.1 White light
00:17:00 3.2 White objects
00:19:10 3.3 Why snow, clouds and beaches are white
00:21:08 3.3.1 White materials
00:24:16 3.3.2 Bleach and bleaching
00:26:04 4 In the natural world
00:26:14 4.1 Astronomy
00:27:48 4.2 Biology
00:28:03 5 Religion and culture
00:34:07 5.1 Political movements
00:35:34 5.2 Selected national flags featuring white
00:36:33 5.3 Idioms and expressions
00:38:25 6 Associations and symbolism
00:38:36 6.1 Innocence and sacrifice
00:39:14 6.2 Beginnings
00:39:52 6.3 Weddings
00:40:27 6.4 Cleanliness
00:41:09 6.5 Ghosts, phantoms and two of the Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse
00:42:50 6.6 Opposite of black
00:44:09 6.7 Names taken from white
00:45:10 6.8 Temples, churches and government buildings
00:46:41 6.9 Ethnography
00:47:36 6.10 White flag
00:48:13 6.11 Vexillology and heraldry
00:48:31 7 See also



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SUMMARY
=======
White is the lightest color and is achromatic (having no hue). It is the color of fresh snow, chalk and milk, and is the opposite of black. White objects fully reflect and scatter all the visible wavelengths of light.  White on television and computer screens is created by a mixture of red, blue and green light.
In ancient Egypt and ancient Rome, priestesses wore white as a symbol of purity, and Romans wore a white toga as a symbol of citizenship. In the Middle Ages and Renaissance a white unicorn symbolized chastity, and a white lamb sacrifice and purity. It was the royal color of the kings of France, and of the monarchist movement that opposed the Bolsheviks during the Russian Civil War (1917–1922). Greek and Roman temples were faced with white marble, and beginning in the 18th century, with the advent of neoclassical architecture, white became the most common color of new churches, capitols and other government buildings, especially in the United States. It was also widely used in 20th century modern architecture as a symbol of modernity and simplicity.
According to surveys in Europe and the United States, white is the color most often associated with perfection, the good, honesty, cleanliness, the beginning, the new, neutrality, and exactitude. White is an important color for almost all world religions. The pope, the head of the Roman Catholic Church, has worn white since 1566, as a symbol of purity and sacrifice.  In Islam, and in the Shinto religion of Japan, it is worn by pilgrims. In Western cultures and in Japan, white is the most common color for wedding dresses, symbolizing purity and virginity. In many Asian cultures, white is also the color of mourning.