National Front (France) | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2018-12-18

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
National Front (France)


00:03:15 1 Background
00:04:40 2 History
00:04:49 2.1 Early years
00:04:58 2.1.1 Foundation (1972–1973)
00:08:00 2.1.2 FN–PFN rivalry (1973–1981)
00:10:39 2.2 Jean-Marie Le Pen's era
00:10:48 2.2.1 Electoral breakthrough (1982–1988)
00:16:07 2.2.2 Consolidation (1988–1997)
00:20:38 2.2.3 Turmoil, split of MNR (1997–2002)
00:22:55 2.2.4 Presidential run-off (2002)
00:24:41 2.2.5 Decline (2002–2011)
00:26:18 2.3 Marine Le Pen's era
00:26:27 2.3.1 Revival of the FN (2011–2012)
00:28:18 2.3.2 Electoral successes (2012–2017)
00:29:44 2.3.3 Presidential and parliamentary election (2017–present)
00:32:12 3 Political profile
00:32:48 3.1 Law and order
00:33:42 3.2 Immigration
00:35:00 3.3 Islamism and Islamisation
00:35:24 3.4 Economy
00:37:15 3.5 Foreign policy
00:39:04 3.6 Russia and Ukraine
00:40:44 4 Controversies
00:40:54 4.1 View on Nazi history and relations with Jewish groups
00:43:30 4.2 Russian bank loan
00:45:15 4.3 Links with the far right
00:45:59 5 International relations
00:49:59 6 Leadership
00:50:08 6.1 Presidents
00:50:34 6.2 Vice Presidents
00:51:24 6.3 General Secretaries
00:52:02 7 Election results
00:52:50 7.1 National Assembly
00:52:59 7.2 Presidential
00:53:07 7.3 Regional councils



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SUMMARY
=======
The National Rally (French: Rassemblement national, RN), formerly known as the National Front (French: Front national, pronounced [fʁɔ̃ na.sjɔ.nal]; FN) until June 2018, is a right-wing populist and nationalist political party in France. Most political commentators place the RN on the far-right but other sources suggest that the party's position on the political spectrum has become more difficult to define clearly. Owing to the French electoral system, the party's representation in public office has been limited, despite its significant share of the vote.Its major policies include opposition to the French membership of the European Union, the Schengen Area and the Eurozone, economic protectionism, a zero tolerance approach to law and order issues, and opposition to free migration. As an anti-European Union party, the FN has opposed the European Union since its creation. 
The party was founded in 1972 to unify a variety of French nationalist movements of the time. Jean-Marie Le Pen was the party's first leader and the undisputed centre of the party from its start until his resignation in 2011. While the party struggled as a marginal force for its first ten years, since 1984 it has been the major force of French nationalism. The 2002 presidential election was the first in France to include a National Front candidate in the run-off, after Jean-Marie Le Pen beat the Socialist candidate in the first round. In the run-off, he finished a distant second to Jacques Chirac. Marine Le Pen, his daughter, was elected to succeed him. In April 2017, she temporarily stepped down in order to concentrate on being the presidential candidate and to unite voters.While her father was nicknamed the "Devil of the Republic" by mainstream media, Marine Le Pen pursued a policy of "de-demonisation" of the party by softening its image. She endeavoured to extract it from its far-right cultural roots, and to normalize it by giving it a culture of government, expelling controversial members like her father, who was suspended, and then expelled by his own party in 2015 after he referred, once again, to the Nazi gas chambers as "a point of detail of the history of the Second World War"; (he later set up the Blue, White and Red Rally and the Comités Jeanne). Since her election as the leader of the party in 2011, the popularity of the FN continued to grow apace: the party won several municipalities at the 2014 municipal elections; it became the topped the poll in France at the 2014 European elections with 25% of the vote; and again won more votes than any other party in the 2015 departmental elections They once again came in first place in the 2015 regional elections ...