Magistrate | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-10-04

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magistrate


00:00:44 1 Original meaning
00:02:27 2 Continental Europe and its former colonies
00:03:42 2.1 Mexico
00:04:19 3 English common law tradition
00:04:28 3.1 United Kingdom
00:04:37 3.1.1 England and Wales
00:09:27 3.1.2 Scotland
00:10:08 3.2 Australia
00:10:17 3.2.1 Federal Magistrate
00:12:54 3.2.2 State Magistrate
00:14:57 3.3 Hong Kong
00:15:28 3.4 India
00:20:06 3.5 Bangladesh
00:20:54 3.5.1 Executive Magistrate
00:22:41 3.6 New Zealand
00:23:21 3.7 Sri Lanka
00:24:26 3.8 United States
00:25:55 3.8.1 Federal courts
00:26:59 3.8.2 State courts
00:27:43 4 Other traditions
00:27:52 4.1 China
00:28:35 4.2 Switzerland
00:29:06 4.3 Taiwan
00:29:41 4.4 Siam
00:30:09 4.5 Kenya
00:31:04 5 In popular culture
00:32:41 6 See also



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Voice name: en-AU-Wavenet-B


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SUMMARY
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The term magistrate is used in a variety of systems of governments and laws to refer to a civilian officer who administers the law. In ancient Rome, a magistratus was one of the highest ranking government officers, and possessed both judicial and executive powers. In other parts of the world, such as China, a magistrate was responsible for administration over a particular geographic area. Today, in some jurisdictions, a magistrate is a judicial officer who hears cases in a lower court, and typically deals with more minor or preliminary matters. In other jurisdictions (e.g., England and Wales), magistrates may be volunteers without formal legal training who perform a judicial role with regard to minor matters.