Biomining | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-05-03

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomining


00:01:42 1 History of biomining
00:03:20 2 Current techniques
00:06:23 3 Overview
00:13:25 4 Processing methods
00:19:18 5 Bioremediation
00:20:40 6 Future prospects



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Speaking Rate: 0.8186097391307136
Voice name: en-US-Wavenet-D


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SUMMARY
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Biomining is a technique of extracting metals from ores and other solid materials typically using prokaryotes or fungi. These organisms secrete different organic compounds that chelate metals from the environment and bring it back to the cell  where they are typically used to coordinate electrons. It was discovered in the mid 1900s that microorganisms use metals in the cell. Some microbes can use stable metals such as iron, copper, zinc, and gold as well as unstable atoms such as uranium and thorium. Companies can now grow large chemostats of microbes that are leaching metals from their media, these vats of culture can then be transformed into many marketable metal compounds. Biomining is an environmentally friendly technique compared to typical mining. Mining releases many pollutants while the only chemicals released from biomining is any metabolites or gasses that the bacteria secrete. The same concept can be used for bioremediation models. Bacteria can be inoculated into environments contaminated with metals, oils, or other toxic compounds. The bacteria can clean the environment by absorbing these toxic compounds to create energy in the cell. Microbes can achieve things at a chemical level that could never be done by humans. Bacteria can mine for metals, clean oil spills, purify gold, and use radioactive elements for energy.