Telegraphy | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-06-23

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegraphy


00:02:57 1 Terminology
00:05:09 2 Early signalling
00:08:30 3 Optical telegraph
00:11:01 4 Electrical telegraph
00:14:55 5 Railway telegraphy
00:17:02 6 Heliograph
00:20:09 7 Teleprinter
00:21:53 8 Automated punched-tape transmission
00:23:35 9 Oceanic telegraph cables
00:26:43 10 Facsimile
00:28:20 11 Wireless telegraphy
00:32:24 12 Telegram services
00:33:37 12.1 Telegram length
00:34:35 13 Telex
00:35:57 14 Decline
00:37:47 15 Social implications
00:41:32 16 Newspaper names
00:42:08 17 See also



Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.

Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain

Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.

Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:
https://assistant.google.com/services/invoke/uid/0000001a130b3f91
Other Wikipedia audio articles at:
https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=wikipedia+tts
Upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
https://github.com/nodef/wikipedia-tts
Speaking Rate: 0.849440093610599
Voice name: en-GB-Wavenet-B


"I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think."
- Socrates


SUMMARY
=======
Telegraphy is the long-distance transmission of textual messages where the sender uses symbolic codes, known to the recipient, rather than a physical exchange of an object bearing the message. Thus flag semaphore is a method of telegraphy, whereas pigeon post is not.  Ancient signalling systems, although sometimes quite extensive and sophisticated as in China, were generally not capable of transmitting arbitrary text messages.  Possible messages were fixed and predetermined and such systems are thus not true telegraphs.
The earliest true telegraph put into widespread use was the optical telegraph of Claude Chappe, invented in the late eighteenth century.  The system was extensively used in France, and European countries controlled by France, during the Napoleonic era.  The electric telegraph started to replace the optical telegraph in the mid-nineteenth century.  It was first taken up in Britain in the form of the Cooke and Wheatstone telegraph, initially used mostly as an aid to railway signalling.  This was quickly followed by a different system developed in the United States by Samuel Morse.  The electric telegraph was slower to develop in France due to the established optical telegraph system, but an electrical telegraph was put into use with a code compatible with the Chappe optical telegraph.  The Morse system was adopted as the international standard in 1865, using a modified Morse code developed in Germany.
The heliograph is a telegraph system using reflected sunlight for signalling.  It was mainly used in areas where the electrical telegraph had not been established and generally uses the same code.  The most extensive heliograph network established was in Arizona and New Mexico during the Apache Wars.  The heliograph was standard military equipment as late as World War II.  Wireless telegraphy developed in the early twentieth century.  Wireless telegraphy became important for maritime use, and was a competitor to electrical telegraphy using submarine telegraph cables in international communications.
Telegrams became a popular means of sending messages once telegraph prices had fallen sufficiently.  Traffic became high enough to spur the development of automated systems – teleprinters and punched tape transmission.  These systems led to new telegraph codes, starting with the Baudot code.  However, telegrams were never able to compete with the letter post on price, and competition from the telephone, which removed their speed advantage, drove the telegraph into decline from 1920 onwards.  The few remaining telegraph applications were largely taken over by alternatives on the internet towards the end of the twentieth century.