Kirchhoff’s Law of Thermal Emission and the Cosmic Microwave Background
Channel: Alternative Sciences
Date: 09/03/2015

Kirchhoff’s Law of Thermal Radiation is central to the Cosmic Microwave Background. According to cosmologists the supposed CMB has a blackbody emission spectrum at 2.725K. According to Kirchhoff an arbitrary cavity at thermal equilibrium contains blackbody radiation. He maintained that the radiation inside a box is independent of the nature of the wall materials. However, since Kirchhoff’s Law is false, Planck’s equation for emission spectra is not universal and only applies to truly black materials, such as lampblack or carbon, at thermal equilibrium within a cavity. The Universe is not inside a cavity. The reported 2.725K blackbody temperature of the Universe is without any scientific merit. Here is a theoretical proof of the invalidity of Kirchhoff's Law and the limitations on Planck's equation:

Robitaille P.-M., Crothers S. J. "The Theory of Heat Radiation" Revisited: A Commentary on the Validity of Kirchhoff's Law of Thermal Emission and Max Planck's Claim of Universality,
Progress in Physics, v. 11, p.120-132, (2015),
http://www.ptep-online.com/index_files/2015/PP-41-04.PDF