Gaia hypothesis | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-03-26

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaia_hypothesis


00:01:38 1 Overview
00:05:04 2 Details
00:06:41 2.1 Regulation of global surface temperature
00:08:55 2.1.1 Daisyworld simulations
00:11:05 2.2 Regulation of oceanic salinity
00:13:33 2.3 Regulation of oxygen in the atmosphere
00:15:32 2.4 Processing of COsub2/sub
00:17:48 3 History
00:17:57 3.1 Precedents
00:18:19 3.2 Formulation of the hypothesis
00:21:39 3.3 First Gaia conference
00:25:24 3.4 Second Gaia conference
00:26:07 3.5 Third Gaia conference
00:29:19 3.6 Fourth Gaia conference
00:33:11 4 Criticism
00:34:38 4.1 Natural selection and evolution
00:37:30 4.2 Criticism in the 21st century
00:39:27 5 See also



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SUMMARY
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The Gaia hypothesis (, , ), also known as the Gaia theory or the Gaia principle, proposes that living organisms interact with their inorganic surroundings on Earth to form a synergistic and self-regulating, complex system that helps to maintain and perpetuate the conditions for life on the planet.
The hypothesis was formulated by the chemist James Lovelock and co-developed by the microbiologist Lynn Margulis in the 1970s. Lovelock named the idea after Gaia, the primordial goddess who personified the Earth in Greek mythology. In 2006, the Geological Society of London awarded Lovelock the Wollaston Medal in part for his work on the Gaia hypothesis.Topics related to the hypothesis include how the biosphere and the evolution of organisms affect the stability of global temperature, salinity of seawater, atmospheric oxygen levels, the maintenance of a hydrosphere of liquid water and other environmental variables that affect the habitability of Earth.
The Gaia hypothesis was initially criticized for being teleological and against the principles of natural selection, but later refinements aligned the Gaia hypothesis with ideas from fields such as Earth system science, biogeochemistry and systems ecology. Lovelock also once described the "geophysiology" of the Earth. Even so, the Gaia hypothesis continues to attract criticism, and today some scientists consider it to be only weakly supported by, or at odds with, the available evidence.