2024-01-25 Gender representation on anthropoid coffins (Dr. Becky Martin)
Channel: Archaeological Research Facility, UC Berkeley
Date: 2024-04-03

Gender Representation on Anthropoid Coffins
Becky Martin, Boston University 
January 25, 2024, 9:30am Pacific time

Series: Phoenician Women and Gender Performance in the Homeland and Diasporas
Organizers: Aaron Brody, Helen Dixon, Sarah Kansa, Melissa Cradic 
Sponsors: Badè Museum, Pacific School of Religion; East Carolina University; Archaeological Research Facility

Image Credits

• Beirut, National Museum of Beirut (Ford Collection): Lebanon Untravelled
• Cádiz, Museo de Cádiz: ©Ángel M. Felicísimo
• Copenhagen, Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek 431: ©Richard Mortel
• Istanbul, Archaeological Museum 740, 1433: author’s own
• Istanbul, Archaeological Museum 798, 799: Hamdy-Reinach 1892; ©Jessica Nitschke
• Istanbul, Archaeological Museum 800: Hamdy-Reinach 1892
• Larnaka, Archaeological Museum of the Larnaka: ©omagocs; ©Netanel Sananes
• New York, Metropolitan Museum of Art 74.51.2454: Metropolitan Museum of Art
• Paris, Louvre Museum AO 1031, 4801: ©1998 RMN-Grand Palais (Musée du Louvre)/Hervé Lewandowski (https://collections.louvre.fr/ark:/53355/cl010120359)
• Paris, Louvre Museum AO 4803: ©1998 Musée du Louvre/Christian Larrieu (https://collections.louvre.fr/ark:/53355/cl010120362)
• Paris, Louvre Museum AO 4806: ©2019 Musée du Louvre/Raphaël Chipault (https://collections.louvre.fr/ark:/53355/cl010120357)
• Paris, Louvre Museum MNB 1293: ©2007 RMN-Grand Palais (Musée du Louvre)/René-Gabriel Ojéda (https://collections.louvre.fr/ark:/53355/cl010171479)

Monographs and Recent Texts

Croucher, K. 2008. “Ambiguous Genders? Alternative Interpretations: A Discussion of Case Studies from the Pre-Pottery Neolithic and Halaf Periods.” In Gender Through Time in the Ancient Near East, edited by D. Bolger. Lanham: AltaMira Press.

Budin, S. L. 2015. “Sexuality: Ancient Near East (Except Egypt).” In The International Encyclopedia of Human Sexuality, edited by A. Bolin and P. Whelehan. Malden/Oxford: Wiley Blackwell. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118896877.wbiehs477 

Dixon, H. 2022. “Placing Them ‘in Eternity’: Symbolic Mummification in Levantine Phoenicia.” Rivista di Studi Fenici Vol. 50, No. 50: 105-140. https://doi.org/10.19282/rsf.50.2022.06 

Frede, S., S. Grallert, and H. Richter. 2000-02. Die phönizischen anthropoiden Sarkophage. Forschungen zur phönizish-punishen und zyprischen Plastik, Vols. 1-2. Mainz: Von Zabern. 

Georgiou, G. 2009. “Three Stone Sarcophagi from a Cypro-Classical Tomb at Kition.” Cahiers du Centre d’Etudes Chypriotes (Actes du colloque “Chypre à l’époque hellénistique et impériale,” Recherches récentes et nouvelles découvertes, Université Paris Ouest-Nanterre et Institut National d’Histoire de l’Art Nanterre–Paris 25–26 septembre 2009) Vol. 39: 113-139. https://doi.org/10.3406/cchyp.2009.920

Hamdy, O., and T. Reinach. 1892. Une necropole royale a Sidon: fouilles de Hamdy Bey. Paris: Ernest Le roux.

Hermary, A. 2015. “Un nouveau bilan sur les sarcophages anthropoïdes de Chypre.” In ΠΟΛΥΜΑΘΕΙΑ: Festschrift für Hartmut Matthäus anläβlich seines 65. Geburtstages. Aachen: Shaker.

Lapuente, P., Rodà, I., A. Gutiérrez Garcia-M, and M. Brilli. 2021. “Addressing the Controversial Origin of the Marble Source used in the Phoenician Anthropoid Sarcophagi of Gadir (Cadiz, Spain).” Archaeometry Vol. 63: 467-480. https://doi.org/10.1111/arcm.12623

Lembke, K. 2001. Phönizische anthropoide Sarkophage. Mainz am Rhein: Philipp von Zabern.

López-Bertran, M., and A. Garcia-Ventura. 2023. “Facial Decorations under the Microscope: Decentering Sex and Gender in Phoenician-Punic Coroplastic Art.” BASOR Vol. 390: 114-128. See also “The Use of Facial Characteristics as Engendering Strategies in Phoenician-Punic Studies.” NEA Vol. 79:3 (2016).

Mustafa, B., and N. Abbas. 2015. “New Marble Sarcophagus from Syrian Coast.” Scientific Culture Vol. 1, No. 1: 17-26. 

Mustafa, B., F. J. Esquivel, and J. A. Esquivel. 2016. “Morphometric Study of the Phoenician Anthropoid Sarcophagi (Sidon and Amrit).” Scientific Culture Vol. 2, No. 1: 13-22. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.34389 

Orsingher, A. 2021. “Giving a Face to a Name: Phoenician and Punic Divine Iconographies, Names
and Genders.” Archimède: Archéologie et histoire ancienne Vol. 8: 85-98. https://doi.org/10.47245/archimede.0008.ds1.07 

Stol, M. 2016. Women in the Ancient Near East. Trans. H. and M. Richardson. Boston/Berlin: De Gruyter. http://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/30047

Torrey, C. C. 1919-20. “A Phoenician Necropolis at Sidon.” The Annual of ASOR in Jerusalem Vol. 1: 1-27.