Valéry Giscard d'Estaing | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2018-12-03

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Valéry Giscard d'Estaing


00:02:02 1 Education
00:04:40 2 Early political career
00:04:50 2.1 First offices: 1956–1962
00:05:29 2.2 Member of the Gaullist majority: 1962–1974
00:07:32 2.3 Presidential election victory
00:08:31 3 President of France
00:08:40 3.1 Domestic policy
00:12:17 3.2 Foreign policy
00:12:58 3.2.1 Africa
00:14:37 3.3 1981 presidential election
00:15:22 4 Post-presidency
00:15:31 4.1 Return to politics: 1984–2004
00:17:44 4.2 Retired from politics: 2004–present
00:19:32 5 European activities
00:22:20 6 Political career
00:25:25 7 Personal life
00:25:47 7.1 Family
00:26:55 7.2 Possession of the Estaing castle
00:27:37 7.3 Questions about his 2009 novel
00:28:16 8 Honours
00:28:25 8.1 National honours
00:28:47 8.2 European honours
00:29:15 8.3 Foreign honours
00:29:24 8.3.1 As Minister of Finance
00:29:46 8.3.2 As President of France
00:30:33 8.4 Other honours
00:30:53 9 Heraldry
00:31:18 10 Ancestry
00:31:27 11 See also



Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.

Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain

Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.

You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCuKfABj2eGyjH3ntPxp4YeQ

You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
https://github.com/nodef/wikipedia-tts



"The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing."
- Socrates



SUMMARY
=======
Valéry Marie René Georges Giscard d'Estaing (French: [valeʁi ʒiskaʁ destɛ̃]; born 2 February 1926), also known as Giscard or VGE, is a French author and elder statesman who served as President of France from 1974 to 1981. At age 92, Giscard, a centrist, is currently the oldest living former French President.
As Minister of Finance under Prime Ministers Jacques Chaban-Delmas and Pierre Messmer, he won the presidential election of 1974 with 50.8% of the vote against François Mitterrand of the Socialist Party. His tenure was marked by a more liberal attitude on social issues—such as divorce, contraception and abortion—and attempts to modernise the country and the office of the presidency, notably launching such far-reaching infrastructure projects as the TGV and the turn towards reliance on nuclear power as France's main energy source. However, his popularity suffered from the economic downturn that followed the 1973 energy crisis, marking the end of the "thirty glorious years" after World War II. Giscard faced political opposition from both sides of the spectrum: from the newly unified left of François Mitterrand, and from a rising Jacques Chirac, who resurrected Gaullism on a right-wing opposition line. In 1981, despite a high approval rating, he missed out on reelection in a runoff against Mitterrand, with 48.2% of the vote.
As a former French President, he is a member of the Constitutional Council. He also served after his tenure as President of the Regional Council of Auvergne from 1986 to 2004. Involved with the European Union, he notably presided over the Convention on the Future of Europe that drafted the ill-fated Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe. In 2003, he was elected to the Académie française, taking the seat that his friend and former President of Senegal Léopold Sédar Senghor had held. At age 92, he is the longest-lived French President.