Pregnancy | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2018-12-06

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Pregnancy


00:03:33 1 Terminology
00:05:08 2 Signs and symptoms
00:07:06 3 Chronology
00:07:36 3.1 Start of gestational age
00:08:35 3.2 Estimation of due date
00:10:06 4 Physiology
00:10:15 4.1 Initiation
00:11:45 4.2 Development of embryo and fetus
00:14:10 4.3 Maternal changes
00:15:24 4.3.1 First trimester
00:15:47 4.3.2 Second trimester
00:16:42 4.3.3 Third trimester
00:17:53 4.4 Childbirth
00:19:15 4.4.1 Childbirth maturity stages
00:20:58 4.5 Postnatal period
00:21:23 5 Diagnosis
00:22:10 5.1 Physical signs
00:23:20 5.2 Biomarkers
00:24:16 5.3 Ultrasound
00:24:46 6 Management
00:24:55 6.1 Prenatal care
00:25:58 6.2 Nutrition
00:29:44 6.3 Weight gain
00:31:41 6.4 Medication
00:32:30 6.5 Recreational drugs
00:33:55 6.6 Exposure to toxins
00:34:59 6.7 Sexual activity
00:35:49 6.8 Exercise
00:37:38 6.9 Sleep
00:37:59 6.10 Dental care
00:38:45 7 Complications
00:40:27 8 Intercurrent diseases
00:42:49 9 Medical imaging
00:43:40 10 Epidemiology
00:46:12 11 Society and culture
00:47:15 11.1 Arts
00:48:51 11.2 Infertility
00:49:14 11.3 Abortion
00:50:05 11.4 Legal protection



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SUMMARY
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Pregnancy, also known as gestation, is the time during which one or more offspring develops inside a woman. A multiple pregnancy involves more than one offspring, such as with twins. Pregnancy can occur by sexual intercourse or assisted reproductive technology. Childbirth typically occurs around 40 weeks from the last menstrual period (LMP). This is just over nine months, where each month averages 31 days. When measured from fertilization it is about 38 weeks. An embryo is the developing offspring during the first eight weeks following fertilization, after which, the term fetus is used until birth. Symptoms of early pregnancy may include  missed periods, tender breasts, nausea and vomiting, hunger, and frequent urination. Pregnancy may be confirmed with a pregnancy test.Pregnancy is typically divided into three trimesters. The first trimester is from week one through 12 and includes conception, which is when the sperm fertilizes the egg. The fertilized egg then travels down the fallopian tube and attaches to the inside of the uterus, where it begins to form the embryo and placenta. During the first trimester, the possibility of miscarriage (natural death of embryo or fetus) is at its highest. The second trimester is from week 13 through 28. Around the middle of the second trimester, movement of the fetus may be felt. At 28 weeks, more than 90% of babies can survive outside of the uterus if provided with high-quality medical care. The third trimester is from 29 weeks through 40 weeks.Prenatal care improves pregnancy outcomes. Prenatal care may include taking extra folic acid, avoiding drugs and alcohol, regular exercise, blood tests, and regular physical examinations. Complications of pregnancy may include disorders of high blood pressure, gestational diabetes, iron-deficiency anemia, and severe nausea and vomiting among others. In the ideal childbirth labor begins on its own when a woman is "at term". Pregnancy is considered at full term when gestation has lasted 39 to 41 weeks. After 41 weeks, it is known as late term and after 42 weeks post term. Babies born before 39 weeks are considered early term while those before 37 weeks are preterm. Preterm babies are at higher risk of health problems such as cerebral palsy. Delivery before 39 weeks by labor induction or caesarean section is not recommended unless required for other medical reasons.About 213 million pregnancies occurred in 2012, of which, 190 million (89%) were in the developing world and 23 million (11%) were in the developed world. The number of pregnancies in women ages 15 to 44 is 133 per 1,000 women. About 10% to 15% of recognized pregnancies end in miscarriage. In 2016, complications of pregnancy resulted in 230,600 deaths, down from 377,000 deaths in 1990. Common causes include bleeding, infections, hypertensive diseases of pregnancy, obst ...