Henry III of England | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 07/12/2018

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Henry III of England


00:04:03 1 Background and childhood
00:06:55 2 Minority (1216–26)
00:07:06 2.1 Coronation
00:09:14 2.2 End of the Barons' War
00:12:47 2.3 Restoring royal authority
00:17:02 3 Early rule (1227–34)
00:17:13 3.1 Invasion of France
00:19:39 3.2 Richard Marshal's revolt
00:21:58 4 Henry as king
00:22:07 4.1 Kingship, government and law
00:25:41 4.2 Court
00:28:39 4.3 Religion
00:31:51 4.4 Jewish policies
00:35:03 5 Personal rule (1234–58)
00:35:15 5.1 Marriage
00:38:40 5.2 Poitou and the Lusignans
00:41:23 5.3 Scotland, Wales and Ireland
00:44:31 5.4 European strategy
00:47:28 5.5 The Sicilian business
00:50:19 6 Later reign (1258–72)
00:50:30 6.1 Revolution
00:53:35 6.2 Crisis
00:56:59 6.3 Second Barons' War
01:00:59 6.4 Reconciliation and reconstruction
01:03:11 7 Death (1272)
01:05:08 8 Legacy
01:05:16 8.1 Historiography
01:08:06 8.2 Popular culture
01:09:27 9 Issue
01:10:19 10 Ancestry



Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.

Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain

Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.

You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCuKfABj2eGyjH3ntPxp4YeQ

You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
https://github.com/nodef/wikipedia-tts



"The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing."
- Socrates



SUMMARY
=======
Henry III (1 October 1207 – 16 November 1272), also known as Henry of Winchester, was King of England, Lord of Ireland, and Duke of Aquitaine from 1216 until his death. The son of King John and Isabella of Angoulême, Henry assumed the throne when he was only nine in the middle of the First Barons' War. Cardinal Guala declared the war against the rebel barons to be a religious crusade and Henry's forces, led by William Marshal, defeated the rebels at the battles of Lincoln and Sandwich in 1217. Henry promised to abide by the Great Charter of 1225, which limited royal power and protected the rights of the major barons. His early rule was dominated first by Hubert de Burgh and then Peter des Roches, who re-established royal authority after the war. In 1230, the King attempted to reconquer the provinces of France that had once belonged to his father, but the invasion was a debacle. A revolt led by William Marshal's son, Richard, broke out in 1232, ending in a peace settlement negotiated by the Church.
Following the revolt, Henry ruled England personally, rather than governing through senior ministers. He travelled less than previous monarchs, investing heavily in a handful of his favourite palaces and castles. He married Eleanor of Provence, with whom he had five children. Henry was known for his piety, holding lavish religious ceremonies and giving generously to charities; the King was particularly devoted to the figure of Edward the Confessor, whom he adopted as his patron saint. He extracted huge sums of money from the Jews in England, ultimately crippling their ability to do business, and as attitudes towards the Jews hardened, he introduced the Statute of Jewry, attempting to segregate the community. In a fresh attempt to reclaim his family's lands in France, he invaded Poitou in 1242, leading to the disastrous Battle of Taillebourg. After this, Henry relied on diplomacy, cultivating an alliance with Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor. Henry supported his brother Richard in his bid to become King of the Romans in 1256, but was unable to place his own son Edmund on the throne of Sicily, despite investing large amounts of money. He planned to go on crusade to the Levant, but was prevented from doing so by rebellions in Gascony.
By 1258, Henry's rule was increasingly unpopular, the result of the failure of his expensive foreign policies and the notoriety of his Poitevin half-brothers, the Lusignans, as well as the role of his local officials in collecting taxes and debts. A coalition of his barons, initially probably backed by Eleanor, seized power in a coup d'état and expelled the Poitevins from England, reforming the royal government through a process called the Provisions of Oxford. Henry and the baronial government enacted a peace with France in 1259, under which Henry gave up his rights to his other lands in France in return for King Louis IX recognising him as the rightful ruler of Gascony. The baronial regime collapsed but Henry was unable to reform a stab ...