Greco-Persian Wars | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2018-12-06

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Greco-Persian Wars


00:04:27 1 Sources
00:09:03 2 Origins of the conflict
00:13:44 2.1 Warfare in the ancient Mediterranean
00:14:07 2.1.1 Persia
00:15:02 2.1.2 Greece
00:16:12 2.1.3 Naval warfare
00:17:05 3 Ionian Revolt (499–493 BC)
00:20:09 4 First invasion of Greece (492–490 BC)
00:20:38 4.1 492 BC: Mardonius's campaign
00:21:48 4.2 490 BC: Datis and Artaphernes' campaign
00:23:13 4.2.1 Battle of Marathon
00:24:44 5 Interbellum (490–480 BC)
00:24:56 5.1 Achaemenid Empire
00:27:02 5.1.1 Size of the Persian forces
00:28:13 5.2 Greek city states
00:28:22 5.2.1 Athens
00:31:01 5.2.2 Sparta
00:32:02 5.2.3 Hellenic alliance
00:33:37 6 Second invasion of Greece (480–479 BC)
00:33:51 6.1 Early 480 BC: Thrace, Macedonia, and Thessaly
00:35:27 6.2 August 480 BC: Battles of Thermopylae and Artemisium
00:37:49 6.3 September 480 BC: Battle of Salamis
00:40:05 6.4 June 479 BC: Battles of Plataea and Mycale
00:42:51 7 Greek counterattack (479–478 BC)
00:43:05 7.1 Mycale and Ionia
00:43:37 7.2 Sestos
00:45:09 7.3 Cyprus
00:46:07 7.4 Byzantium
00:47:51 8 Wars of the Delian League (477–449 BC)
00:48:05 8.1 Delian League
00:49:57 8.2 Campaigns against Persia
00:51:39 9 Peace with Persia
00:56:16 10 Aftermath and later conflicts
00:59:57 11 See also
01:00:13 12 Notes



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SUMMARY
=======
The Greco-Persian Wars (also often called the Persian Wars) were a series of conflicts between the  Achaemenid Empire and Greek city-states that started in 499 BC and lasted until 449 BC. The collision between the fractious political world of the Greeks and the enormous empire of the Persians began when Cyrus the Great conquered the Greek-inhabited region of Ionia in 547 BC. Struggling to rule the independent-minded cities of Ionia, the Persians appointed tyrants to rule each of them. This would prove to be the source of much trouble for the Greeks and Persians alike.
In 499 BC, the tyrant of Miletus, Aristagoras, embarked on an expedition to conquer the island of Naxos, with Persian support; however, the expedition was a debacle and, preempting his dismissal, Aristagoras incited all of Hellenic Asia Minor into rebellion against the Persians. This was the beginning of the Ionian Revolt, which would last until 493 BC, progressively drawing more regions of Asia Minor into the conflict. Aristagoras secured military support from Athens and Eretria, and in 498 BC these forces helped to capture and burn the Persian regional capital of Sardis. The Persian king Darius the Great vowed to have revenge on Athens and Eretria for this act. The revolt continued, with the two sides effectively stalemated throughout 497–495 BC. In 494 BC, the Persians regrouped, and attacked the epicentre of the revolt in Miletus. At the Battle of Lade, the Ionians suffered a decisive defeat, and the rebellion collapsed, with the final members being stamped out the following year.
Seeking to secure his empire from further revolts and from the interference of the mainland Greeks, Darius embarked on a scheme to conquer Greece and to punish Athens and Eretria for the burning of Sardis. The first Persian invasion of Greece began in 492 BC, with the Persian general Mardonius successfully re-subjugating Thrace and Macedon before several mishaps forced an early end to the rest of the campaign. In 490 BC a second force was sent to Greece, this time across the Aegean Sea, under the command of Datis and Artaphernes. This expedition subjugated the Cyclades, before besieging, capturing and razing Eretria. However, while en route to attack Athens, the Persian force was decisively defeated by the Athenians at the Battle of Marathon, ending Persian efforts for the time being.
Darius then began to plan to completely conquer Greece, but died in 486 BC and responsibility for the conquest passed to his son Xerxes. In 480 BC, Xerxes personally led the second Persian invasion of Greece with one of the largest ancient armies ever assembled. Victory over the allied Gr ...