Bioinks | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 29/03/2019

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bio-ink


00:02:02 1 Printability
00:03:39 2 Common
00:03:47 2.1 Alginate-based
00:04:27 2.2 Gelatin-based
00:05:05 2.3 Decellularized ECM-based
00:06:03 2.4 Pluronics



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SUMMARY
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Bioinks are substances made of living cells that can be used for 3D printing of complex tissue models. Bioinks are materials that mimic an extracellular matrix environment to support the adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation of living cells. Bioinks distinguish themselves from traditional biomaterials such as hydrogels, polymer networks, and foam scaffolds due to their ability to be deposited as filaments during an additive manufacturing process. Additionally, unlike traditional additive manufacturing materials such as thermoplastic polymers, ceramics, and metals which require the use of harsh solvents, cross-linking modalities and high temperatures to be printed, bioinks are processed under much milder conditions. These mild conditions are necessary to preserve compatibility with living cells, and prevent degradation of bioactive molecules and macroproteins. These bioinks are often adopted from existing hydrogel biomaterials and derived from natural polymers such as gelatins, alginates, fibrin, chitosan, and hyaluronic acids that are sensitive to their processing conditions.Unlike the thermoplastics that are often utilized in traditional 3D printing, the chain entanglements and ionic interactions within the hydrogel-like  bioink rather than temperature dominate shape fidelity.  The natural derivation of many bioinks often results in a high water content and sensitivity to harsh processing conditions.  Therefore, bioink filaments are often deposited at or below human body temperature and under mild conditions to preserve bioink printability. Additional considerations must be taken into account when printing bioinks blended with a cell suspension due to the need to preserve cell viability.
Differences from traditional 3D printing materials

Printed at a much lower temperature (37 °C or below)
Mild cross-linking conditions
Natural derivation
Bioactive
Cell manipulatable