Tomas Masaryk and Czechoslovakia
Channel: The Praetorian
Date: 2017-06-26

Tomas Masaryk and Czechoslovakia
The Treaty of Saint-Germain concluded the first world war. Signed by Austria on one side and the Allied Powers’ on the other side, in nineteen hundred and nineteen. The treaty officially registered the breakup of the Habsburg Empire. It also recognized the independence of Czechoslovakia, Poland, and Hungary, the Kingdom of the Serbs, Croats’ and Slovenes, (Yugoslavia). Ceding eastern Galicia, Trento, Southern Tirol, Trieste, and Istria. The Covenant of the League of Nations was integrated into the treaty. A firm rejection of any union of between Austria into Germany, without the consent of the Council of the League, was also added. The military clauses, limited Austria’s military to thirty thousand men and broke up the Austria-Hungarian Navy and distributed to the Allies’. Though Austria was made liable for reparations’, no money was actually ever paid. Austrian officials’ protested the principle of self-determination in the treaty. The placement of so many ethnic Germans’ under the Czechoslovakian and Italian rule, and forbidden to unify with Germany. Tomas Masaryk was the chief founder and first president of Czechoslovakia in nineteen eighteen. He was a Neo-Kantian, but, was also strongly influenced by English Puritan ethics’ and the teachings’ of the Hussites. Masaryk also took an interest in pointing out the self-contradictions’ in capitalism too. Though he wished to remind the Czechs’ of the religious meaning to their heritage, he also criticized Czech politicians’ and their belief in Pan-Slavism. He was against Pan-Slavism so much, he exposed a medieval patriotic Czech poem as a forgery. He was against not only Pan-Slavism, he criticized the Hungarian sovereignty too and promoted equality. In eighteen hundred and ninety-eight, Masaryk began to discuss eminent contradictions’ between capitalism and socialism. In nineteen hundred and thirteen, he described Russia’s religious, intellectuals’ and its’ society as a whole. Describing it as Byzantine retardation of the Russians’ by the Orthodox Church, combined with reactionary ideas’. Slowly, Tomas Masaryk became estranged from his old conservative beliefs’. Eventually, he joined the liberal bourgeois Young Czech Party. In eighteen hundred and ninety-one, Masaryk was elected to the Austrian Reichsrat. After disagreeing with the Young Czech Party’s emotional nationalism though, he resigned from his office and formed his own realist party. In both the Reichsrat and the standing committee of the Austrian-Hungarian parliament, Masaryk attacked Austria-Hungary’s alliance with Germany. He was against German imperialistic politics’ concerning the Balkans’ and defended Serb and Croat rights’. In nineteen hundred and fifteen, Tomas Masaryk made his way to the west, after the beginning of the first world war. He was recognized as the leader of the underground Czech liberation movement. With help from his French and English friends’, Masaryk established contact with Allied leaders. He made clear what the Czech aims’ were, restitution of Bohemia’s independence, the establishment of a Czech-Slovak unity, dismemberment of Austria-Hungary and establishing new states’ between Russia and Germany. Masaryk viewed German imperialism as an infected spot, in which a line had to be drawn around and isolated. After the overthrow of the autocratic tsarist regime in nineteen hundred and seventeen, Tomas Masaryk redirected his actions’ toward Russia. His new objectives’ were to reorganize the Czechoslovak Legion while developing new contacts’ with the newly formed government. After the Bolshevik Revolution, Masaryk set out for the United States. Negotiating terms’ for Czechoslovak independence, with President Woodrow Wilson and Robert Lansing. In nineteen hundred and eighteen, Czechoslovakia was recognized as an Allied power. Within the same year, Tomas Masaryk was elected the first president of Czechoslovakia.
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