Phoenicians | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2018-12-03

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Phoenicians


00:01:45 1 Etymology
00:03:51 2 History
00:04:00 2.1 Origins
00:06:12 2.2 Phoenician alphabet
00:07:41 2.3 High point: 1200–800 BC
00:10:12 2.4 Decline: 539–65 BC
00:10:24 2.4.1 Persian rule
00:11:01 2.4.2 Macedonian rule
00:13:01 3 Demographics
00:13:10 3.1 Genetic studies
00:15:31 4 Economy
00:15:40 4.1 Trade
00:22:16 4.2 Phoenician ships
00:23:05 4.2.1 Depictions
00:23:40 5 Important cities and colonies
00:24:10 6 Culture
00:24:19 6.1 Language
00:26:25 6.2 Art
00:27:29 7 Religion
00:40:46 7.1 Deities
00:40:54 7.1.1 Attested 1st millennium BC
00:41:04 7.1.2 Attested 2nd millennium BC
00:41:13 8 Foreign relations
00:41:23 8.1 Influence in the Mediterranean region
00:43:37 8.2 Relations with the Greeks
00:43:46 8.2.1 Trade
00:45:13 8.2.2 Alphabet
00:46:00 8.2.3 Connections with Greek mythology
00:47:53 8.2.4 Plato
00:48:58 9 Ancient sources
00:49:07 9.1 In the Bible
00:50:49 10 Legacy



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SUMMARY
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Phoenicia (; from the Ancient Greek: Φοινίκη, Phoiníkē) was a thalassocratic, ancient Semitic-speaking Mediterranean civilization that originated in the Levant in the west of the Fertile Crescent. Scholars generally agree that it included the coastal areas of today's Lebanon, northern Israel and southern Syria reaching as far north as Arwad, but there is some dispute as to how far south it went, the furthest suggested area being Ashkelon. Its colonies later reached the Western Mediterranean, such as Cádiz in Spain and most notably Carthage in North Africa, and even the Atlantic Ocean. The civilization spread across the Mediterranean between 1500 BC and 300 BC.
Phoenicia is an ancient Greek term used to refer to the major export of the region, cloth dyed Tyrian purple from the Murex mollusc, and referred to the major Canaanite port towns; not corresponding precisely to Phoenician culture as a whole as it would have been understood natively. Their civilization was organized in city-states, similar to those of ancient Greece, perhaps the most notable of which were Tyre, Sidon, Arwad, Berytus, Byblos, and Carthage. Each city-state was a politically independent unit, and it is uncertain to what extent the Phoenicians viewed themselves as a single nationality. In terms of archaeology, language, lifestyle, and religion there was little to set the Phoenicians apart as markedly different from other residents of the Levant, such as their close relatives and neighbors, the Israelites.Around 1050 BC, a Phoenician alphabet was used for the writing of Phoenician. It became one of the most widely used writing systems, spread by Phoenician merchants across the Mediterranean world, where it evolved and was assimilated by many other cultures, including the Roman alphabet used by Western Civilization today.