Principality of Wales | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2018-12-31

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principality_of_Wales


00:02:33 1 Foundations
00:04:45 2 Prior to 1284: under the House of Aberffraw
00:06:22 2.1 Aberffraw Princes
00:07:16 2.1.1 Owain Gwynedd 1137–70
00:08:01 2.1.2 Dafydd ab Owain Gwynedd c.1170–95
00:08:33 2.1.3 Llywelyn ap Iorwerth 1195–1240
00:11:17 2.1.4 Dafydd ap Llywelyn 1240–46
00:12:52 2.1.5 Owain Goch ap Gruffydd 1246–53 (d. 1282)
00:13:31 2.1.6 Llywelyn ap Gruffudd 1246–82
00:14:45 2.1.7 Dafydd ap Gruffudd 1282–83
00:15:07 2.2 Government, administration and law
00:16:24 2.2.1 The princely court
00:17:26 2.3 Population, culture and society
00:19:07 2.4 Economy and trade
00:20:57 3 1284 to 1542: annexed to the English crown
00:21:48 3.1 Governance
00:24:04 3.2 Law
00:24:51 3.3 Plantagenet and Tudor Princes
00:27:31 3.4 Welsh claimants to the title
00:27:48 3.4.1 Owain Lawgoch 1372–78
00:28:16 3.4.2 Owain Glyndŵr 1400–c. 1415
00:29:00 4 After 1542: union with England
00:29:22 4.1 Later administration
00:31:41 4.2 Other uses of the term
00:33:11 5 Sources



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SUMMARY
=======
The Principality of Wales (Welsh: Tywysogaeth Cymru) existed between 1216 and 1536, encompassing two-thirds of modern Wales during its height between 1267 and 1277. For most of its history it was "annexed and united" to the English Crown except for its earliest few decades. However, for a few generations, specifically the period from its foundation in 1216 to Edward I's completion of the conquest of Wales in 1284, it was de facto independent under a Welsh Prince of Wales, albeit one who swore fealty to the King of England.
The Principality was formally founded in 1216 at the Council of Aberdyfi and later recognised by the 1218 Treaty of Worcester between Llywelyn the Great of Wales and Henry III of England. The treaty gave substance to the political reality of 13th-century Wales and England, and the relationship of the former with the Angevin Empire. The principality retained a great degree of autonomy, characterized by a separate legal jurisprudence based on the well established laws of Cyfraith Hywel, and by the increasingly sophisticated court of the House of Aberffraw. Although it owed fealty to the Angevin king of England, the principality was de facto independent, with a similar status in the empire to the Kingdom of Scotland.  Its existence has been seen as proof that all the elements necessary for the growth of Welsh statehood were in place.The period of de facto independence ended with Edward I's conquest of the Principality between 1277 and 1283. Under the Statute of Rhuddlan the Principality lost its independence and became effectively an annexed territory of the English crown. From 1301, the crown's lands in north and west Wales formed part of the appanage of England's heir apparent, with the title "Prince of Wales". On accession of the Prince to the English throne, the lands and title became merged with the Crown again. On two occasions Welsh claimants to the title rose up in rebellion during this period, although neither ultimately succeeded.
Since the Laws in Wales Acts 1535–1542, which formally incorporated all of Wales within the Kingdom of England, there has been no geographical or constitutional basis for describing any of the territory of Wales as a principality, although the term has occasionally been used in an informal sense to describe the country, and in relation to the honorary title of Prince of Wales.