Bufferin Commercial (1963)
Channel: Throwback
Date: 2011-05-20

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Aspirin (USAN), also known as acetylsalicylic acid ( /əˌsɛtəlˌsælɪˈsɪlɪk/ ə-set-əl-sal-i-sil-ik; abbreviated ASA), is a salicylate drug, often used as an analgesic to relieve minor aches and pains, as an antipyretic to reduce fever, and as an anti-inflammatory medication.

Salicylic acid, the main metabolite of aspirin, is an integral part of human and animal metabolism. While much of it is attributable to diet, a substantial part is synthesized endogenously.

Aspirin also has an antiplatelet effect by inhibiting the production of thromboxane, which under normal circumstances binds platelet molecules together to create a patch over damaged walls of blood vessels. Because the platelet patch can become too large and also block blood flow, locally and downstream, aspirin is also used long-term, at low doses, to help prevent heart attacks, strokes, and blood clot formation in people at high risk for developing blood clots. It has also been established that low doses of aspirin may be given immediately after a heart attack to reduce the risk of another heart attack or of the death of cardiac tissue.

The main undesirable side effects of aspirin are gastrointestinal ulcers, stomach bleeding, and tinnitus, especially in higher doses. In children and adolescents, aspirin is no longer used to control flu-like symptoms or the symptoms of chickenpox or other viral illnesses, because of the risk of Reye's syndrome.

Aspirin is part of a group of medication called nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Though it, and other in its group called the salicylates, have similar effects (antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, analgesic) and inhibit the same enzyme cyclooxygenase as their mechanism of action, they do so in a irreversible manner (see NSAID mechanism of action). For example, NSAIDs antiplatelet effects last in the order of hours, whereas aspirin's effect lasts for days (until the body replaces the suppressed platelets). Hence, when physicians tell patients to stop taking NSAIDs, they usually imply aspirin as well.

Today, aspirin is one of the most widely used medications in the world, with an estimated 40,000 tonnes of it being consumed each year. In countries where Aspirin is a registered trademark owned by Bayer, the generic term is acetylsalicylic acid (ASA).

Information courtesy of Wikipedia.

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