Global positioning systems | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 16/06/2019

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_Positioning_System


00:04:24 1 History
00:06:50 1.1 Predecessors
00:13:04 1.2 Development
00:20:32 1.3 Timeline and modernization
00:27:00 1.4 Awards
00:30:57 2 Basic concept of GPS
00:31:08 2.1 Fundamentals
00:32:45 2.2 More detailed description
00:34:56 2.3 User-satellite geometry
00:36:33 2.4 Receiver in continuous operation
00:38:18 2.5 Non-navigation applications
00:40:01 3 Structure
00:40:45 3.1 Space segment
00:44:17 3.2 Control segment
00:50:45 3.3 User segment
00:53:47 4 Applications
00:54:33 4.1 Civilian
01:00:29 4.1.1 Restrictions on civilian use
01:02:15 4.2 Military
01:06:07 5 Communication
01:06:51 5.1 Message format
01:10:27 5.2 Satellite frequencies
01:16:23 5.3 Demodulation and decoding
01:18:11 6 Navigation equations
01:18:22 6.1 Problem description
01:24:14 6.2 Geometric interpretation
01:24:38 6.2.1 Spheres
01:26:28 6.2.2 Hyperboloids
01:27:33 6.2.3 Inscribed sphere
01:28:27 6.2.4 Spherical cones
01:29:38 6.3 Solution methods
01:29:48 6.3.1 Least squares
01:32:10 6.3.2 Iterative
01:32:51 6.3.3 Closed-form
01:34:38 7 Error sources and analysis
01:35:54 8 Accuracy enhancement and surveying
01:36:06 8.1 Augmentation
01:37:26 8.2 Precise monitoring
01:42:57 8.3 Timekeeping
01:43:06 8.3.1 Leap seconds
01:44:03 8.3.2 Accuracy
01:45:04 8.3.3 Format
01:45:13 8.4 Carrier phase tracking (surveying)
01:45:40 9 Regulatory spectrum issues concerning GPS receivers
01:47:52 10 Other systems
02:05:17 11 See also
02:16:03 12 Notes
02:17:15 13 References



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SUMMARY
=======
The Global Positioning System (GPS), originally Navstar GPS, is a satellite-based radionavigation system owned by the United States government and operated by the United States Air Force. It is a global navigation satellite system that provides geolocation and time information to a GPS receiver anywhere on or near the Earth where there is an unobstructed line of sight to four or more GPS satellites. Obstacles such as mountains and buildings block the relatively weak GPS signals.
The GPS does not require the user to transmit any data, and it operates independently of any telephonic or internet reception, though these technologies can enhance the usefulness of the GPS positioning information. The GPS provides critical positioning capabilities to military, civil, and commercial users around the world. The United States government created the system, maintains it, and makes it freely accessible to anyone with a GPS receiver.The GPS project was launched by the U.S. Department of Defense in 1973 for use by the United States military and became fully operational in 1995. It was allowed for civilian use in the 1980s. Advances in technology and new demands on the existing system have now led to efforts to modernize the GPS and implement the next generation of GPS Block IIIA satellites and Next Generation Operational Control System (OCX). Announcements from Vice President Al Gore and the White House in 1998 initiated these changes. In 2000, the U.S. Congress authorized the modernization effort, GPS III. During the 1990s, GPS quality was degraded by the United States government in a program called "Selective Availability"; this was discontinued in May 2000 by a law signed by President Bill Clinton.The GPS service is provided by the United States government, which can selectively deny access to the system, as happened to the Indian military in 1999 during the Kargil War, or degrade the service at any time. As a result, several countries have developed or are in the process of setting up other global or regional satellite navigation systems. The Russian Global Navigation Satellite System (GLONASS) was developed contemporaneously with GPS, but suffered from incomplete coverage of the globe until the mid-2000s. GLONASS can be added to GPS devic ...