Chinese astronomy | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 25/12/2018

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_astronomy


00:01:58 1 Early history
00:02:07 1.1 Purpose of astronomical observations in the past
00:03:15 1.2 Indian influence
00:07:07 1.3 Cosmology
00:07:52 2 Constellations
00:09:13 3 Star catalogues and maps
00:09:23 3.1 Star catalogues
00:11:43 3.2 Star maps
00:13:12 4 Solar and lunar eclipses
00:17:21 5 Equipment and innovation
00:17:31 5.1 Armillary sphere (渾儀)
00:18:59 5.2 Abridged armilla (簡儀)
00:20:33 5.3 Celestial globe (渾象) before Qing Dynasty
00:21:21 5.4 Celestial globe (天體儀) in the Qing Dynasty
00:22:04 5.5 The water-powered armillary sphere and celestial globe tower (水運儀象台)
00:23:24 5.6 True north and planetary motion
00:24:25 6 Foreign influences
00:24:34 6.1 Indian astronomy
00:25:56 6.2 Islamic astronomy in East Asia
00:30:31 6.3 Jesuit activity in China
00:34:12 7 Famous Chinese astronomers
00:34:35 8 Observatory



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SUMMARY
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Astronomy in China has a long history, beginning from the Shang Dynasty (Chinese Bronze Age). Star names later categorized in the twenty-eight mansions have been found on oracle bones unearthed at Anyang, dating back to the middle Shang Dynasty, and the mansion (xiù:宿) system's nucleus seems to have taken shape by the time of the ruler Wu Ding (1339-1281 BCE).Detailed records of astronomical observations began during the Warring States period (fourth century BCE) and flourished from the Han period onward. Chinese astronomy was equatorial, centered as it was on close observation of circumpolar stars, and was based on different principles from those prevailing in traditional Western astronomy, where heliacal risings and settings of zodiac constellations formed the basic ecliptic framework. Needham has described the ancient Chinese as the most persistent and accurate observers of celestial phenomena anywhere in the world before the Islamic astronomers.Some elements of Indian astronomy reached China with the expansion of Buddhism after the Eastern Han Dynasty (25–220 CE), but the most detailed incorporation of Indian astronomical thought occurred during the Tang Dynasty (618-907 CE), when numerous Indian astronomers took up residence in the Chinese capital, and Chinese scholars, such as the Tantric Buddhist monk and mathematician Yi Xing, mastered its system. Islamic astronomers collaborated closely with their Chinese colleagues during the Yuan Dynasty, and, after a period of relative decline during the Ming Dynasty, astronomy was revitalized under the stimulus of Western cosmology and technology after the Jesuits established their missions. The telescope was introduced in the seventeenth century. In 1669, the Peking observatory was completely redesigned and refitted under the direction of Ferdinand Verbiest. Today, China continues to be active in astronomy, with many observatories and its own space program.