Technoscientific | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 05/05/2019

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technoscience


00:03:27 1 Conceptual levels of philosophical technoscience
00:03:54 1.1 Descriptive-analytic
00:05:01 1.2 Deconstructive
00:05:54 1.3 Visionary
00:07:21 2 Facets
00:07:31 2.1 Social
00:09:12 2.2 Political
00:10:13 2.3 Environmental
00:11:04 3 See also



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"I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think."
- Socrates


SUMMARY
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In common usage, technoscience refers to the entire long-standing global human activity of technology combined with the relatively recent scientific method that occurred primarily in Europe during the 17th and 18th centuries. Technoscience thus comprises the history of human application of technology and modern scientific methods, ranging from the early development of basic technologies for hunting, agriculture, or husbandry (e.g. the well, the bow, the plow, the harness) and all the way through atomic applications, biotechnology, robotics, and computer sciences. This more common and comprehensive usage of the term technoscience can be found in general textbooks and lectures concerning the history of science.
An alternate, more narrow usage occurs in some philosophic science and technology studies. In this usage, technoscience refers specifically to the technological and social context of science.  Technoscience recognises that scientific knowledge is not only socially coded and historically situated but sustained and made durable by material (non-human) networks. Technoscience states that the fields of science and technology are linked and grow together, and scientific knowledge requires an infrastructure of technology in order to remain stationary or move forward.
The latter, philosophic use of the term technoscience was popularized by French philosopher Gaston Bachelard in 1953. It was popularized in the French-speaking world by Belgian philosopher Gilbert Hottois in the late 1970s and early 1980s, and entered English academic usage in 1987 with Bruno Latour's book Science in Action.In translating the concept to English, Latour also combined several arguments about technoscience that had circulated separately within science and technology studies (STS) before into a comprehensive framework:

the intertwinement of scientific and technological development as e.g. shown by the lab studies;
the power of laboratories (and engineering workshops) to change the world as we know and experience it;
the seamless webs that connect scientists, engineers and societal actors in actual practice (cf. John Law's concept of heterogeneous engineering);
the propensity of technoscientific world to create new nature–culture hybrids, and hence to complicate the borders between nature and culture.