Winter Olympic Games | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2018-12-21

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winter_Olympic_Games


00:04:27 1 History
00:04:36 1.1 20th century
00:04:45 1.1.1 1900 to 1912
00:05:53 1.1.2 World War I
00:06:18 1.1.3 1920 to 1936
00:09:28 1.1.4 World War II
00:10:07 1.1.5 1948 to 1960
00:13:22 1.1.6 1964 to 1980
00:18:18 1.1.7 1984 to 1998
00:24:02 1.2 21st century
00:24:11 1.2.1 2002 to 2010
00:30:17 1.2.2 2014 to 2018
00:36:17 1.2.3 Future
00:36:50 2 Controversy
00:38:38 2.1 Host city legacy
00:42:20 2.2 Doping
00:44:14 3 Politics
00:44:23 3.1 Cold War
00:46:35 3.2 Boycott
00:48:13 4 Sports
00:49:05 4.1 Current sports
00:49:35 4.2 Demonstration events
00:51:11 5 All-time medal table
00:51:26 6 List of Winter Olympic Games
00:51:55 7 See also



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SUMMARY
=======
The Winter Olympic Games (French: Jeux olympiques d'hiver) is a major international sporting event held once every four years for sports practised on snow and ice. The first Winter Olympics, the 1924 Winter Olympics, were held in Chamonix, France. The modern Olympic games were inspired by the ancient Olympic Games, which were held in Olympia, Greece, from the 8th century BC to the 4th century AD. Baron Pierre de Coubertin founded the International Olympic Committee (IOC) in 1894, leading to the first modern Summer Games in Athens, Greece in 1896. The IOC is the governing body of the Olympic Movement, with the Olympic Charter defining its structure and authority. 
The original five Winter Olympics sports (broken into nine disciplines) were bobsleigh, curling, ice hockey, Nordic skiing (consisting of the disciplines military patrol, cross-country skiing, Nordic combined, and ski jumping), and skating (consisting of the disciplines figure skating and speed skating). The Games were held every four years from 1924 to 1936, interrupted in 1940 and 1944 by World War II, and resumed in 1948. Until 1992 the Winter and Summer Olympic Games were held in the same years, but in accordance with a 1986 decision by the IOC to place the Summer and Winter Games on separate four-year cycles in alternating even-numbered years, the next Winter Olympics after 1992 was in 1994.
The Winter Games have evolved since their inception. Sports and disciplines have been added and some of them, such as Alpine skiing, luge, short track speed skating, freestyle skiing, skeleton, and snowboarding, have earned a permanent spot on the Olympic programme. Some others, including curling and bobsleigh, have been discontinued and later reintroduced; others have been permanently discontinued, such as military patrol, though the modern Winter Olympic sport of biathlon is descended from it. Still others, such as speed skiing, bandy and skijoring, were demonstration sports but never incorporated as Olympic sports. The rise of television as a global medium for communication enhanced the profile of the Games. It generated income via the sale of broadcast rights and advertising, which has become lucrative for the IOC. This allowed outside interests, such as television companies and corporate sponsors, to exert influence. The IOC has had to address numerous criticisms over the decades like internal scandals, the use of performance-enhancing drugs by Winter Olympians, as well as a political boycott of the Winter Olympics. Nations have used the Winter (as well as Summer) Games to proclaim the superiority of their political systems.
The Winter Olympics has been hosted on three continents by twelve different countries. The Games have been held four times in the United States (in 1932, 1960, 1980 and 2002); three times in France (in 1924, 1968 and 1992); and twice each in Austria (1964, 1976), Canada (1988, 2010), Japan (1972, 1998), Italy (1956, 2006), Norway (1952, 1994), and Switzerland (1928, 1948). Also, the Games have been held just once each in Germany (1936), Yugoslavia (1984), Russia (2014) and South Korea (2018). The IOC has select ...