Train Operating Companies | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 06/01/2019

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Train_operating_company


00:01:00 1 Management
00:02:13 2 Organisation
00:02:39 2.1 Great Britain
00:06:01 2.2 Current operators
00:06:10 2.3 Northern Ireland
00:06:42 3 Changes
00:07:05 3.1 1990s
00:07:14 3.1.1 1994
00:07:45 3.1.2 1996/97
00:08:29 3.1.3 1998
00:09:17 3.1.4 2000
00:09:38 3.2 2001–2003
00:09:48 3.2.1 2001
00:10:26 3.2.2 2003
00:11:09 3.3 2004–2006
00:11:19 3.3.1 2004
00:12:29 3.3.2 2005
00:12:50 3.3.3 2006
00:13:49 3.4 2007–2010
00:13:59 3.4.1 2007
00:15:57 3.4.2 2008
00:16:24 3.4.3 2009
00:16:49 3.4.4 2010
00:17:05 3.5 2011–2015
00:17:14 3.5.1 2011
00:17:23 3.5.2 2012
00:17:59 3.5.3 2014
00:18:21 3.5.4 2015
00:19:11 3.6 2016–2018
00:19:21 3.6.1 2016
00:19:55 3.6.2 2017
00:20:29 3.6.3 2018
00:20:53 4 Current TOCs
00:21:08 4.1 Franchised
00:22:03 4.2 Managed
00:22:24 4.3 Open-access operators
00:22:41 5 Future TOCs
00:22:50 5.1 Franchised
00:23:09 5.2 Open-access operators
00:23:38 6 Railtours
00:24:27 7 Sea links
00:25:29 8 International operators
00:26:59 9 In other countries
00:28:02 10 See also



Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.

Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain

Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.

Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:
https://assistant.google.com/services/invoke/uid/0000001a130b3f91
Other Wikipedia audio articles at:
https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=wikipedia+tts
Upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
https://github.com/nodef/wikipedia-tts
Speaking Rate: 0.8172332898538494
Voice name: en-AU-Wavenet-D


"I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think."
- Socrates


SUMMARY
=======
A train operating company (TOC) is a business operating passenger trains on the railway system of Great Britain under the collective National Rail brand. TOCs have existed since the privatisation of the network under the Railways Act 1993.
There are two types of TOC: most hold franchises let by the government, following bids from various companies, to operate services on certain routes for a specified duration, while a small number of open access operators hold licences to provide supplementary services on chosen routes. These operators can run services for the duration of the licence validity. The franchised operators have changed considerably since privatisation: previous franchises have been divided, merged, re-let to new operators, or renamed.
The term is also sometimes used to describe companies operating passenger or freight rail services over tracks that are owned by another company or a national network owner.