Thorium monoxide | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 21/10/2018

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Thorium monoxide

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SUMMARY
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Thorium monoxide (thorium(II) oxide), is the binary oxide of thorium having chemical formula ThO. The covalent bond in this diatomic molecule is highly polar. The electric field between the two atoms has been calculated to be 84 gigavolts per centimeter, one of the largest known internal electric fields.Simple combustion of thorium in air produces thorium dioxide. However, laser ablation of thorium in the presence of oxygen gives the monoxide. Additionally, exposure of a thin film of thorium to low-pressure oxygen at medium temperature forms a rapidly growing layer of thorium monoxide under a more-stable surface coating of the dioxide.At extremely high temperatures, thorium dioxide can convert to the monoxide either in by an disproportionation reaction (equilibrium with liquid thorium metal) above 1,850 K (1,580 °C; 2,870 °F) or by simple dissociation (evolution of oxygen) above 2,500 K (2,230 °C; 4,040 °F).

  
    
      
        
          
            ThO
            
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          ThO
          
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    {\displaystyle {\ce {ThO2 + Th(l) = 2 ThO(s)}}}
  

  
    
      
        
          
            ThO
            
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          ThO
          
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    {\displaystyle {\ce {ThO2 - ThO(s) + 1/2 O2}}}