Coherence (physics) | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 24/12/2018

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coherence_(physics)


00:02:22 1 Introduction
00:03:10 2 Mathematical definition
00:07:28 3 Coherence and correlation
00:08:31 4 Examples of wave-like states
00:09:46 5 Temporal coherence
00:10:45 5.1 The relationship between coherence time and bandwidth
00:11:34 5.2 Examples of temporal coherence
00:13:19 5.3 Measurement of temporal coherence
00:14:21 6 Spatial coherence
00:15:37 6.1 Examples of spatial coherence
00:17:22 7 Spectral coherence
00:18:49 7.1 Measurement of spectral coherence
00:19:15 8 Polarization and coherence
00:20:26 9 Applications
00:20:35 9.1 Holography
00:20:54 9.2 Non-optical wave fields
00:21:38 9.3 Modal Analysis
00:22:00 10 Quantum coherence



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SUMMARY
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In physics, two wave sources are perfectly coherent if they have a constant phase difference and the same frequency, and the same waveform. Coherence is an ideal property of waves that enables stationary (i.e. temporally and spatially constant) interference. It contains several distinct concepts, which are limiting cases that never quite occur in reality but allow an understanding of the physics of waves, and has become a very important concept in quantum physics. More generally, coherence describes all properties of the correlation between physical quantities of a single wave, or between several waves or wave packets.
Interference is the addition, in the mathematical sense, of wave functions. A single wave can interfere with itself, but this is still an addition of two waves (see Young's slits experiment). Constructive or destructive interferences are limit cases, and two waves always interfere, even if the result of the addition is complicated or not remarkable.
When interfering, two waves can add together to create a wave of greater amplitude than either one (constructive interference) or subtract from each other to create a wave of lesser amplitude than either one (destructive interference), depending on their relative phase. Two waves are said to be coherent if they have a constant relative phase. The amount of coherence can readily be measured by the interference visibility, which looks at the size of the interference fringes relative to the input waves (as the phase offset is varied); a precise mathematical definition of the degree of coherence is given by means of correlation functions.
Spatial coherence describes the correlation (or predictable relationship) between waves at different points in space, either lateral or longitudinal. Temporal coherence describes the correlation between waves observed at different moments in time. Both are observed in the Michelson–Morley experiment and Young's interference experiment. Once the fringes are obtained in the Michelson interferometer, when one of the mirrors is moved away gradually, the time for the beam to travel increases and the fringes become dull and finally disappear, showing temporal coherence. Similarly, if in a double-slit experiment, the space between the two slits is increased, the coherence dies gradually and finally the fringes disappear, showing spatial coherence.  In both cases, the fringe amplitude slowly disappears, as the path difference increases past the coherence length.