Tsunami | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2018-12-06

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Tsunami


00:02:14 1 Terminology
00:02:23 1.1 Tsunami
00:03:00 1.2 Tidal wave
00:04:00 1.3 Seismic sea wave
00:04:48 2 History
00:06:51 3 Causes
00:07:23 3.1 Seismicity
00:10:32 3.2 Landslides
00:12:45 3.3 Meteotsunamis
00:14:34 3.4 Man-made or triggered tsunamis
00:16:20 4 Characteristics
00:17:42 5 Drawback
00:19:44 6 Scales of intensity and magnitude
00:20:59 6.1 Intensity scales
00:21:19 6.2 Magnitude scales
00:22:53 7 Tsunami heights
00:23:44 8 Warnings and predictions
00:24:51 8.1 Forecast of tsunami attack probability
00:29:12 9 Mitigation
00:30:23 10 See also
00:32:10 11 Footnotes



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SUMMARY
=======
A tsunami (from Japanese: 津波, "harbour wave";
English pronunciation:  soo-NAH-mee or ) sometimes incorrectly referred to as a tidal wave,   also known as a seismic sea wave, is a series of waves in a water body caused by the displacement of a large volume of water, generally in an ocean or a large lake. Earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and other underwater explosions (including detonations of underwater nuclear devices), landslides, glacier calvings, meteorite impacts and other disturbances above or below water all have the potential to generate a tsunami. Unlike normal ocean waves, which are generated by wind, or tides, which are generated by the gravitational pull of the Moon and the Sun, a tsunami is generated by the displacement of water. 
Tsunami waves do not resemble normal undersea currents or sea waves because their wavelength is far longer.  Rather than appearing as a breaking wave, a tsunami may instead initially resemble a rapidly rising tide. For this reason, it is often referred to as a "tidal wave", although this usage is not favoured by the scientific community because it might give the false impression of a causal relationship between tides and tsunamis. Tsunamis generally consist of a series of waves, with periods ranging from minutes to hours, arriving in a so-called "internal wave train".  Wave heights of tens of metres can be generated by large events.  Although the impact of tsunamis is limited to coastal areas, their destructive power can be enormous, and they can affect entire ocean basins. The 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami was among the deadliest natural disasters in human history, with at least 230,000 people killed or missing in 14 countries bordering the Indian Ocean.
The Ancient Greek historian Thucydides suggested in his 5th century BC History of the Peloponnesian War that tsunamis were related to submarine earthquakes, but the understanding of tsunamis remained slim until the 20th century and much remains unknown. Major areas of current research include determining why some large earthquakes do not generate tsunamis while other smaller ones do; accurately forecasting the passage of tsunamis across the oceans; and forecasting how tsunami waves interact with shorelines.