Materials science | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 08/12/2018

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Materials science


00:02:06 1 History
00:04:21 2 Fundamentals
00:05:39 2.1 Structure
00:06:27 2.1.1 Atomic structure
00:07:00 2.1.2 Nanostructure
00:08:36 2.1.3 Microstructure
00:09:50 2.1.4 Macro structure
00:10:08 2.2 Crystallography
00:11:36 2.3 Bonding
00:12:09 2.4 Properties
00:12:46 2.5 Synthesis and processing
00:13:44 2.6 Thermodynamics
00:14:57 2.7 Kinetics
00:15:46 3 In research
00:16:20 3.1 Nanomaterials
00:17:22 3.2 Biomaterials
00:18:53 3.3 Electronic, optical, and magnetic
00:20:02 3.4 Computational science and theory
00:20:47 4 In industry
00:22:26 4.1 Ceramics and glasses
00:24:05 4.2 Composites
00:25:57 4.3 Polymers
00:28:36 4.4 Metal alloys
00:30:35 4.5 Semiconductors
00:32:21 5 Relation to other fields
00:34:10 6 Emerging technologies in materials science



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SUMMARY
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The interdisciplinary field of materials science, also commonly termed materials science and engineering is the design and discovery of new materials, particularly solids. The intellectual origins of materials science stem from the Enlightenment, when researchers began to use analytical thinking from chemistry, physics, and engineering to understand ancient, phenomenological observations in metallurgy and mineralogy. Materials science still incorporates elements of physics, chemistry, and engineering. As such, the field was long considered by academic institutions as a sub-field of these related fields. Beginning in the 1940s, materials science began to be more widely recognized as a specific and distinct field of science and engineering, and major technical universities around the world created dedicated schools of the study, within either the Science or Engineering schools, hence the naming. 

Materials science is a syncretic discipline hybridizing metallurgy, ceramics, solid-state physics, and chemistry. It is the first example of a new academic discipline emerging by fusion rather than fission.Many of the most pressing scientific problems humans currently face are due to the limits of the materials that are available and how they are used. Thus, breakthroughs in materials science are likely to affect the future of technology significantly.Materials scientists emphasize understanding how the history of a material (its processing) influences its structure, and thus the material's properties and performance. The understanding of processing-structure-properties relationships is called the § materials paradigm. This paradigm is used to advance understanding in a variety of research areas, including nanotechnology, biomaterials, and metallurgy. Materials science is also an important part of forensic engineering and failure analysis – investigating materials, products, structures or components which fail or do not function as intended, causing personal injury or damage to property. Such investigations are key to understanding, for example, the causes of various aviation accidents and incidents.