Ester | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 06/05/2019

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ester


00:00:59 1 Nomenclature
00:01:08 1.1 Etymology
00:01:27 1.2 IUPAC nomenclature
00:03:02 1.3 Orthoesters
00:03:28 1.4 Inorganic esters
00:05:07 2 Structure and bonding
00:05:45 3 Physical properties and characterization
00:06:50 3.1 Characterization and analysis
00:07:30 4 Applications and occurrence
00:08:10 5 Preparation
00:08:48 5.1 Esterification of carboxylic acids with alcohols
00:09:21 5.2 Esterification of carboxylic acids with epoxides
00:11:47 5.3 Alcoholysis of acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides
00:12:17 5.4 Alkylation of carboxylate salts
00:13:06 5.5 Transesterification
00:13:54 5.6 Carbonylation
00:14:45 5.7 Addition of carboxylic acids to alkenes and alkynes
00:15:24 5.8 Other methods
00:16:00 6 Reactions
00:16:42 6.1 Hydrolysis and saponification
00:17:27 6.2 Reduction
00:18:35 6.3 Claisen condensation and related reactions
00:19:49 6.4 Other reactions
00:20:41 6.5 Protecting groups
00:21:10 7 List of ester odorants
00:21:51 8 See also
00:22:14 9 References



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SUMMARY
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In chemistry, an ester is a chemical compound derived from an acid (organic or inorganic) in which at least one –OH (hydroxyl) group is replaced by an –O–alkyl (alkoxy) group.  Usually, esters are derived from a carboxylic acid and an alcohol.  Glycerides, which are fatty acid esters of glycerol, are important esters in biology, being one of the main classes of lipids, and making up the bulk of animal fats and vegetable oils. Esters with low molecular weight are commonly used as fragrances and found in essential oils and pheromones. Phosphoesters form the backbone of DNA molecules. Nitrate esters, such as nitroglycerin, are known for their explosive properties, while polyesters are important plastics, with monomers linked by ester moieties.  Esters usually have a sweet smell and are considered high-quality solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers.   They are also one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market.