Smallpox | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-01-01

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smallpox


00:02:24 1 Classification
00:03:19 2 Signs and symptoms
00:05:53 2.1 Ordinary
00:08:00 2.2 Modified
00:08:49 2.3 Malignant
00:09:55 2.4 Hemorrhagic
00:11:54 3 Cause
00:12:15 3.1 Evolution
00:14:23 3.2 Virology
00:16:13 3.3 Transmission
00:18:33 4 Diagnosis
00:21:20 5 Prevention
00:28:00 6 Treatment
00:30:10 7 Prognosis
00:32:13 7.1 Complications
00:34:04 8 History
00:34:13 8.1 Disease emergence
00:41:05 8.2 Eradication
00:49:10 8.3 Post-eradication
00:52:49 9 Society and culture
00:52:59 9.1 Biological warfare
00:59:47 9.2 Notable cases
01:04:53 9.3 Tradition and religion
01:08:04 10 See also



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SUMMARY
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Smallpox was an infectious disease caused by one of two virus variants, variola major and variola minor. The last naturally occurring case was diagnosed in October 1977 and the World Health Organization (WHO) certified the global eradication of the disease in 1980. The risk of death following contracting the disease was about 30%, with higher rates among babies. Often those who survived had extensive scarring of their skin and some were left blind.The initial symptoms of the disease included fever and vomiting. This was followed by formation of sores in the mouth and a skin rash. Over a number of days the skin rash turned into characteristic fluid filled bumps with a dent in the center. The bumps then scabbed over and fell off leaving scars. The disease used to spread between people or via contaminated objects. Prevention was by the smallpox vaccine. Once the disease had developed certain antiviral medication may have helped.The origin of smallpox is unknown. The earliest evidence of the disease dates back to the 3rd century BCE in Egyptian mummies. The disease historically occurred in outbreaks. In 18th century Europe it is estimated 400,000 people per year died from the disease, and one-third of the cases resulted in blindness. These deaths included those of four reigning monarchs and a queen consort. In the 20th century it is estimated that smallpox resulted in 300–500 million deaths. As recently as 1967, 15 million cases occurred a year.Edward Jenner discovered in 1798 that vaccination could prevent smallpox. In 1967, the WHO intensified efforts to eliminate the disease. Smallpox is one of two infectious diseases to have been eradicated, the other being rinderpest in 2011. The term "smallpox" was first used in Britain in the 15th century to distinguish the disease from syphilis, which was then known as the "great pox". Other historical names for the disease include pox, speckled monster, and red plague.