1993 Russian legislative election
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Date: 2022-01-08

1993 Russian legislative election, by Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=10022693 / CC BY SA 3.0

#Legislative_elections_in_Russia
#1993_elections_in_Russia
#December_1993_events_in_Russia
#1st_State_Duma_of_the_Russian_Federation
#1993_elections_in_Europe
#1993_elections_in_Asia
#1993_Russian_constitutional_crisis
Parliamentary elections were held in Russia on 12 December 1993.
They were the first parliamentary elections in post-Soviet Russia and the last to the Federation Council, with future members appointed by provincial legislatures and governors.
The 1993 general election was taking place in the aftermath of the 1993 Russian constitutional crisis, a violent confrontation on the streets of Moscow which resulted in the dissolution of the previous Russian parliament by military force.
Yeltsin hoped to resolve the political turmoil by decreeing for the election to the new Russian parliament and the constitutional referendum to take place on 12 December 1993.
The new election law adopted for the 1993 Duma election stipulated half the 450 Duma members were elected by a party-list system of proportional representation, and half were elected as individual representatives from single-member districts.
Every Russian voter thus received two different ballots.
The proportional representation ballot required each voter to endorse an electoral organization or vote against all of them.
By contrast, the single-member district ballot required a voter to endorse an individual, whose party affiliation, if any, could not be given on the ballot.
In order to nominate a list of candidates in the proportional representation ballot, a party or electoral organization had to gather 100,000 signatures from the electorate, of which no more than 15% could be from any one region or republic.
The method used to calculate the number of seats won by each party was the Hare method, with a threshold of 5.
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