Geophysical MASINT | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-05-03

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geophysical_MASINT


00:01:46 1 Military requirements
00:03:12 1.1 Deeply buried structures
00:05:41 1.2 Naval operations in shallow water
00:08:01 2 Weather and sea intelligence MASINT
00:09:16 2.1 Predicting weather based on measurements and signatures
00:12:10 2.2 Hydrographic sensors
00:13:55 2.2.1 Temperature and salinity
00:16:00 2.2.2 Biomass
00:16:36 2.2.3 Sea bottom measurement
00:18:30 2.3 Weather effects on chemical, biological, and radiological weapon propagation
00:18:58 3 Acoustic MASINT
00:21:21 3.1 Counterbattery and countersniper location and ranging
00:22:23 3.1.1 Initial WWI counterbattery acoustic systems
00:24:39 3.1.2 Modern acoustic artillery locators
00:25:32 3.1.2.1 HALO
00:26:47 3.1.2.2 UTAMS
00:30:41 3.2 Passive sea-based acoustic sensors (hydrophones)
00:32:34 3.2.1 Air-dropped passive acoustic sensors
00:33:00 3.2.2 Fixed underwater passive acoustic sensors
00:33:23 3.2.3 Surface ship passive acoustic sensors
00:34:18 3.2.4 Submarine passive acoustic sensors
00:35:23 3.3 Land-based passive acoustic sensors (geophones)
00:36:56 3.4 Active acoustic sensors and supporting measurements
00:38:07 3.4.1 Water surface, fish interference and bottom characterization
00:39:23 3.4.1.1 Water surface
00:40:01 3.4.1.2 Under ice
00:41:05 3.4.1.3 Bottom
00:42:12 3.4.1.4 Biologic effects on sonar reflection
00:43:05 3.4.2 Surface combatants
00:46:34 3.4.3 Air-dropped active sonobuoys
00:47:48 3.4.4 Airborne dipping sonar
00:49:15 3.4.5 Surveillance vessel low-frequency active
00:51:54 3.4.6 Submarine active acoustic sensors
00:52:53 3.4.7 Active acoustic sensors for minehunting
00:54:14 3.5 Acoustic sensing of large explosions
00:56:13 4 Seismic MASINT
00:57:26 4.1 Strategic seismic MASINT
00:57:57 4.2 Tactical seismic MASINT
00:58:46 5 Vibration MASINT
01:00:56 6 Magnetic MASINT
01:02:11 6.1 Indicating loops for detecting submarines
01:02:54 6.2 MAD
01:06:20 6.3 Vehicle detectors
01:07:35 6.4 Magnetic detonators and countermeasures
01:08:50 6.5 Detecting landmines
01:09:44 7 Gravitimetric MASINT



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SUMMARY
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Geophysical MASINT is a branch of Measurement and Signature Intelligence (MASINT) that involves phenomena transmitted through the earth (ground, water, atmosphere) and manmade structures including emitted or reflected sounds, pressure waves, vibrations, and magnetic field or ionosphere disturbances.According to the United States Department of Defense, MASINT is technically derived intelligence (excluding traditional imagery IMINT and signals intelligence SIGINT) that – when collected, processed, and analyzed by dedicated MASINT systems – results in intelligence that detects, tracks, identifies, or describes the signatures (distinctive characteristics) of fixed or dynamic target sources. MASINT was recognized as a formal intelligence discipline in 1986. Another way to describe MASINT is a "non-literal" discipline. It feeds on a target's unintended emissive by-products, the "trails" - the spectral, chemical or RF that an object leaves behind. These trails form distinct signatures, which can be exploited as reliable discriminators to characterize specific events or disclose hidden targets."As with many branches of MASINT, specific techniques may overlap with the six major conceptual disciplines of MASINT defined by the Center for MASINT Studies and Research, which divides MASINT into Electro-optical, Nuclear, Geophysical, Radar, Materials, and Radiofrequency disciplines.