Collective intelligence | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-01-12

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collective_intelligence


00:04:19 1 History
00:07:54 2 Dimensions
00:13:47 3 Collective intelligence factor ic/i
00:16:31 3.1 Causes
00:18:54 3.2 Processes
00:19:49 3.2.1 Top-down processes
00:19:57 3.2.2 Bottom-up processes
00:20:11 3.2.3 Serial vs Parallel processes
00:20:40 3.3 Evidence
00:20:50 3.4 Predictive validity
00:21:44 3.5 Potential connections to individual intelligence
00:21:55 3.6 Controversies
00:27:40 4 Alternative mathematical techniques
00:28:48 4.1 Computational collective intelligence
00:30:32 4.2 Collective intelligence quotient
00:32:00 5 Applications
00:32:10 5.1 Cognition
00:34:05 5.1.1 Market judgment
00:34:44 5.1.2 Predictions in politics and technology
00:36:22 5.2 Cooperation
00:36:31 5.2.1 Networks of trust
00:38:06 5.2.2 P2P business
00:39:15 5.2.3 Open source software
00:39:24 5.2.4 Benefits of co-operation
00:45:54 5.3 Coordination
00:47:19 5.3.1 Ad-hoc communities
00:49:00 5.3.2 Coordinating collective actions
00:50:13 5.3.3 Coordination in different types of tasks
00:50:22 6 Alternative views
00:53:54 6.1 A tool for combating self-preservation
00:55:07 6.2 Separation from IQism
00:56:33 6.3 Artificial intelligence views
00:56:42 6.4 Solving climate change
00:57:15 7 See also
00:58:04 7.1 Similar concepts and applications
00:59:45 7.2 Computation and computer science
01:00:18 7.3 Others
01:00:27 8 Notes and references
01:00:37 9 Bibliography
01:00:46 10 External links



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SUMMARY
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Collective intelligence (CI) is shared or group intelligence that emerges from the collaboration, collective efforts, and competition of many individuals and appears in consensus decision making. The term appears in sociobiology, political science and in context of mass peer review and crowdsourcing applications. It may involve consensus, social capital and formalisms such as voting systems, social media and other means of quantifying mass activity.  Collective IQ is a measure of collective intelligence, although it is often used interchangeably with the term collective intelligence. Collective intelligence has also been attributed to bacteria and animals.It can be understood as an emergent property from the synergies among: 1) data-information-knowledge; 2) software-hardware; and 3) experts (those with new insights as well as recognized authorities) that continually learns from feedback to produce just-in-time knowledge for better decisions than these three elements acting alone. Or more narrowly as an emergent property between people and ways of processing information. This notion of collective intelligence is referred to as "symbiotic intelligence" by Norman Lee Johnson. The concept is used in sociology, business, computer science and mass communications: it also appears in science fiction. Pierre Lévy defines collective intelligence as, "It is a form of universally distributed intelligence, constantly enhanced, coordinated in real time, and resulting in the effective mobilization of skills. I'll add the following indispensable characteristic to this definition: The basis and goal of collective intelligence is mutual recognition and enrichment of individuals rather than the cult of fetishized or hypostatized communities." According to researchers Pierre Lévy and Derrick de Kerckhove, it refers to capacity of networked ICTs (Information communication technologies) to enhance the collective pool of social knowledge by simultaneously expanding the extent of human interactions.Collective intelligence strongly contributes to the shift of knowledge and power from the individual to the collective. According to Eric S. Raymond (1998) and JC Herz (2005), open source intelligence will eventually generate superior outcomes to knowledge generated by proprietary software developed within corporation ...