War crimes in occupied Poland during World War II | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-06-09

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_crimes_in_occupied_Poland_during_World_War_II


00:01:41 1 The invasion of Poland (September 1939)
00:03:12 1.1 Indiscriminate executions by firing squad
00:09:20 1.2 Bombing campaigns
00:11:11 2 German and Soviet occupation (September 1939&#160;– June 1941)
00:12:46 3 Soviet war crimes against Poland
00:14:26 3.1 Katyn massacre of Polish military echelon by the NKVD
00:16:10 3.2 Soviet deportations as a means of ethnic cleansing
00:17:52 3.3 Cultural destruction of Kresy
00:20:00 4 Terror in the German zone of occupation
00:22:25 4.1 German pacifications of Polish settlements
00:25:32 4.2 Extermination of psychiatric patients
00:28:37 4.3 Treatment of Polish Jews prior to the Holocaust
00:31:43 4.4 Cultural genocide
00:34:12 4.5 Forced evictions and roundups of slave labour
00:37:26 4.5.1 Concentration camps
00:39:52 4.5.2 Forced labour camps
00:41:11 5 German–Soviet war of aggression (July 1941&#160;– December 1944)
00:42:09 5.1 Soviet executions of civilian prisoners June–July 1941
00:45:02 6 The Holocaust in Nazi-occupied Poland
00:45:13 6.1 Chełmno, Bełżec, Sobibor, and Treblinka
00:47:14 6.2 Auschwitz-Birkenau
00:48:50 7 Ukrainian massacres in occupied Poland
00:54:45 8 German massacres during World War II
00:56:15 8.1 Warsaw Uprising massacres
00:59:45 9 The end of German rule and the return of the Soviets (January 1945)
01:01:25 9.1 Internment of Polish nationals
01:02:50 10 Estimated casualties of World War II and its aftermath
01:04:48 11 See also
01:05:43 12 Notes



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SUMMARY
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Over six million Polish citizens, divided almost equally between ethnic Poles and Polish Jews, are estimated to have perished during World War II. Most were civilians killed by the actions of Nazi Germany, the Soviet Union, and their respective allies. At the International Military Tribunal held in Nuremberg, Germany, in 1945–46, three categories of wartime criminality were juridically established: waging a war of aggression; war crimes; and crimes against humanity. These three crimes in international law were for the first time, from the end of the war, categorised as violations of fundamental human values and norms. These crimes were committed in occupied Poland on a tremendous scale.In 1939 the invading forces comprised 1.5 million Germans and nearly half a million Soviets. Poland's territory was divided between Nazi Germany and the USSR. In the summer and autumn of 1941 the lands annexed in the east by the Soviets, containing large Ukrainian and Belarusian populations, were overrun by Nazi Germany in the initially successful Operation Barbarossa against the Soviet Union.  Wartime German and Soviet actions eclipsed the sovereign Polish state, inflicted massive damage to the country's cultural heritage, and killed millions of Polish citizens. War crimes against Poland included deportations aimed at ethnic cleansing, imposition of forced labor, pacifications, and selective as well as mass murders.