Greenlandic language | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-06-02

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenlandic_language


00:03:28 1 History
00:07:16 2 Classification
00:09:31 3 Phonology
00:09:55 3.1 Vowels
00:11:42 3.2 Consonants
00:12:54 3.3 Phonotactics
00:13:45 3.4 Prosody
00:15:06 3.5 Morphophonology
00:18:03 4 Grammar
00:20:13 4.1 Syntax
00:22:07 4.1.1 Morphosyntactic alignment
00:23:38 4.1.2 Word order
00:25:25 4.1.3 Coordination and subordination
00:26:09 4.1.4 Obviation and switch-reference
00:27:48 4.1.5 Indefiniteness construction
00:28:52 4.2 Verbs
00:30:18 4.2.1 Inflection
00:31:41 4.2.1.1 Indicative and interrogative moods
00:33:33 4.2.1.2 Imperative and optative moods
00:34:34 4.2.1.3 Conditional mood
00:35:05 4.2.1.4 Causative mood
00:36:14 4.2.1.5 Contemporative mood
00:37:36 4.2.1.6 Participial mood
00:38:28 4.2.2 Derivation
00:40:32 4.2.3 Time reference and aspect
00:45:47 4.2.4 Noun incorporation
00:49:09 4.3 Nouns
00:50:27 4.3.1 Pronouns
00:51:06 4.3.2 Case
00:55:27 4.3.3 Possession
00:56:37 5 Vocabulary
00:58:47 6 Orthography
01:01:51 6.1 Sample text
01:02:38 7 See also



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SUMMARY
=======
Greenlandic (kalaallisut) is an Eskimo–Aleut language spoken by about 56,000 Greenlandic Inuit in Greenland. It is closely related to the Inuit languages in Canada such as Inuktitut. The main variety, Kalaallisut or West Greenlandic, has been the official language of the Greenlandic autonomous territory since June 2009; this is a move by the Naalakkersuisut (government of Greenland) to strengthen the language in its competition with the colonial language, Danish. The second variety is Tunumiit oraasiat or East Greenlandic.  The Thule Inuit of Greenland, Inuktun or Polar Eskimo, is a recent arrival and a dialect of Inuktitut.
Greenlandic is a polysynthetic language that allows the creation of long words by stringing together roots and suffixes. Its morphosyntactic alignment is ergative, meaning that it treats (i.e. case-marks) the argument ("subject") of an intransitive verb like the object of a transitive verb, but distinctly from the agent ("subject") of a transitive verb.
Nouns are inflected for one of the eight cases and for possession. Verbs are inflected for one of the eight moods and for the number and person of its subject and object. Both nouns and verbs have complex derivational morphology. Basic word order in transitive clauses is subject–object–verb. Subordination of clauses is done by the use of special subordinate moods. A so-called fourth-person category enables switch-reference between main clauses and subordinate clauses with different subjects. Greenlandic is notable for its lack of a system of grammatical tense, as temporal relations are normally expressed through context, through the use of temporal particles such as "yesterday" or "now" or sometimes through the use of derivational suffixes or the combination of affixes with aspectual meanings with the semantic aktionsart of different verbs. However, some linguists have suggested that Greenlandic does mark future tense obligatorily. Another question is whether the language has noun incorporation, or whether the processes that create complex predicates that include nominal roots are derivational in nature.
When adopting new concepts or technologies, Greenlandic usually constructs new words made from Greenlandic roots, but modern Greenlandic has also taken many loans from Danish and English. The language has been written in the Latin script since Danish colonization began in the 1700s. The first orthography was developed by Samuel Kleinschmidt in 1851, but within a hundred years already differed substantially from the spoken language because of a number of sound changes. An extensive orthographic reform undertaken in 1973 that made the script easier to learn resulted in a boost in Greenlandic literacy, which is now among the  ...