Segregation (Materials Science) | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 07/06/2019

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Segregation_(materials_science)


00:01:47 1 History
00:03:35 2 Importance
00:07:42 3 Theories of Segregation
00:08:10 3.1 Langmuir-McLean theory for surface and grain boundary segregation in binary systems
00:14:16 3.2 Free energy of grain boundary segregation in binary systems
00:18:14 3.3 More complex systems
00:21:11 3.4 The free energy of surface segregation in binary systems
00:27:54 4 Kinetics of Segregation
00:34:35 5 In Metal Castings
00:35:27 6 Further reading



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SUMMARY
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In materials science, segregation refers to the enrichment of atoms, ions, or molecules at a microscopic region in a materials system. While the terms segregation and adsorption are essentially synonymous, in practice, segregation is often used to describe the partitioning of molecular constituents to defects from solid solutions, whereas adsorption is generally used to describe such partitioning from liquids and gases to surfaces. The molecular-level segregation discussed in this article is distinct from other types of materials phenomena that are often called segregation, such as particle segregation in granular materials, and phase separation or precipitation, wherein molecules are segregated in to macroscopic regions of different compositions. Segregation has many practical consequences, ranging from the formation of soap bubbles, to microstructural engineering in materials science, to the stabilization of colloidal suspensions.
Segregation can occur in various materials classes. In polycrystalline solids, segregation occurs at defects, such as dislocations, grain boundaries, stacking faults, or the interface between two phases. In liquid solutions, chemical gradients exist near second phases and surfaces due to combinations of chemical and electrical effects.
Segregation which occurs in well-equilibrated systems due to the instrinsic to the chemical properties of the system is termed equilibrium segregation. Segregation that occurs due to the processing history of the sample (but that would disappear at long times) is termed non-equilibrium segregation.