Albanians | Wikipedia audio article
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Date: 28/11/2018

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Albanians

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SUMMARY
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The Albanians (Albanian: Shqiptarët, pronounced [ʃcipˈta:ɾət]) are an ethnic group native to the Balkan Peninsula sharing a common Albanian ancestry, culture, history and language. They primarily live in Albania and Kosovo with communities in Croatia, Greece, Italy, Montenegro, Macedonia and Turkey. They constitute a diaspora in Argentina, Australia, Austria, Bulgaria, Canada, Germany, Egypt, Romania, Serbia, Switzerland, the United Kingdom and the United States.
The Albanian diaspora was formed during the course of the late Middle Ages and early modern period. Between the 11th and 18th centuries, sizeable numbers of Albanians emigrated to escape various sociopolitical difficulties. One population which became the Arvanites settled down in southern Greece between the 13th and 16th centuries, assimilating into and now self-identifying as Greeks. Another population, who became the Arbëreshë, settled in southern Italy and form the oldest continuous Albanian diaspora, producing many prominent figures. Smaller populations dating to migrations during the 18th century include the Arbanasi, located on Croatia's Dalmatian coast, and scattered communities across southern Ukraine.Albanians are primarily composed of two sub-ethnic groups known as the Ghegs and Tosks. In the 13th century, the Ghegs converted to Roman Catholicism from Eastern Orthodoxy as a means to resist the Slavic Serbs. In the 15th century, Skanderbeg led the medieval Albanian resistance to the Ottoman conquest. During the 17th and 18th centuries, Albanians in large numbers converted to Islam, in part due to the privileged legal and social position of Muslims in the empire and coercion by Ottoman authorities in times of war. Albanians attained important political and military positions within the empire and culturally contributed to the wider Muslim world. Following the Albanian National Awakening, during the Balkan Wars, in 1912, Albanians were partitioned between the newly-formed Independent Albania and Serbia, Greece and Montenegro. From 1945 to 1992, Albania was ruled by a communist government. Albanians in neighbouring Yugoslavia underwent periods of discrimination that concluded with the breakup of that state in the early 1990s and eventually the independence of Kosovo in 2008.