Presidency of Franklin Pierce | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2018-12-04

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Presidency of Franklin Pierce


00:02:10 1 Election of 1852
00:06:52 2 Tragedy and transition
00:08:39 3 Administration
00:11:29 4 Judicial appointments
00:12:15 5 Domestic affairs
00:12:25 5.1 The slavery debate
00:12:33 5.1.1 Kansas–Nebraska Act
00:15:44 5.1.2 Bleeding Kansas
00:17:36 5.1.3 Other issues
00:19:23 5.2 Partisan re-alignment
00:23:53 5.3 Economic policy and internal improvements
00:25:55 5.4 Administrative reforms
00:27:07 6 Foreign and military affairs
00:27:58 6.1 Gadsden Purchase
00:30:08 6.2 Relations with Britain
00:31:53 6.3 Ostend Manifesto
00:33:24 6.4 Other issues
00:35:37 7 Election of 1856 and transition
00:40:10 8 Historical reputation



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SUMMARY
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The presidency of Franklin Pierce began on March 4, 1853, when Franklin Pierce was inaugurated as President of the United States, and ended on March 4, 1857. Pierce, a Democrat from New Hampshire, took office as the 14th United States president after routing Whig Party nominee Winfield Scott in the 1852 presidential election. Seen by fellow Democrats as pleasant and accommodating to all the party's factions, Pierce, then a little-known politician, won the presidential nomination on the 49th ballot of the 1852 Democratic National Convention.
Pierce vetoed funding for internal improvements, called for a lower tariff, and vigorously enforced the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850. Influenced by the Young America expansionist movement, the Pierce administration completed the Gadsden land purchase from Mexico, clashed with Britain in Central America, and led a failed attempt to acquire Cuba from Spain. Pierce's administration was severely criticized after several of his diplomats issued the Ostend Manifesto, which called for the annexation of Cuba, by force if necessary. His popularity in the Northern free states declined sharply after he supported the 1854 Kansas–Nebraska Act, which nullified the Missouri Compromise. Passage of the act led directly to a long and violent conflict over the expansion of slavery in the American West. 
In the wake of the Kansas–Nebraska Act, the Whig Party was destroyed and the Democratic Party was severely weakened. With the destruction of the Whigs, two new major parties emerged in the nativist American Party and the anti-slavery Republican Party. Pierce actively sought renomination at the 1856 Democratic National Convention, but he was defeated by James Buchanan, who had served as Pierce's ambassador to Britain. Buchanan went on to win the 1856 presidential election, defeating the nominees of the American Party and the Republican Party. Pierce is viewed by presidential historians as an inept chief executive, whose failure to stem the nation's inter–sectional conflict accelerated the course towards civil war. He is generally ranked as one of the worst presidents of all time.