Vietnam during World War II | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-06-13

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Indochina_in_World_War_II


00:04:12 1 Pre-war events
00:04:21 1.1 1936
00:05:41 1.2 1937
00:06:17 1.3 1938
00:07:15 1.4 1939
00:07:30 2 World War II
00:07:40 2.1 1940
00:08:25 2.2 Increased Axis pressure
00:12:37 2.3 1941
00:12:57 2.3.1 The birth of the Viet Minh
00:14:10 2.3.2 Vichy agreements with Japan about Indochina
00:15:22 2.4 1942
00:18:04 2.5 1943
00:18:27 2.6 1944
00:19:22 2.7 The end of Western rule
00:21:58 3 Cambodia in World War II
00:24:41 4 Laos during World War II
00:27:20 5 U.S. postwar policy
00:31:00 6 Viet Minh insurgency
00:33:06 6.1 August revolution
00:38:05 7 See also



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SUMMARY
=======
In the northern-hemisphere summer of 1940 Germany rapidly  defeated the French Third Republic, and colonial administration of French Indochina (modern-day Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia) passed to the  French State (Vichy France). In September 1940 Japanese troops first  entered parts of Indochina; and in July 1941 Japan extended its control over the whole of French Indochina. The  United States, concerned by Japanese expansion, started  putting embargoes on exports of steel and oil to Japan from July 1940. The desire to escape these embargoes and to become self-sufficient in resources ultimately contributed to Japan's decision to attack on December 7, 1941 the British Empire (in  Hong Kong and  Malaya) and simultaneously the USA (in the  Philippines) and  at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii). This led to the  USA declaring war against Japan on December 8, 1941. The US then joined the British Empire, already at war with Germany since 1939, and its existing  allies in the fight against the Axis powers.Indochinese Communists had set up hidden headquarters in 1941, but most of the Vietnamese resistance to Japan, France or both, including both communist and non-communist groups, remained based over the border, in China. As part of the Chinese opposition to Japanese expansion, the Chinese had fostered the formation of a Vietnamese nationalist resistance movement, the Dong Minh Hoi (DMH), in Nanking in 1935/1936; this included Communists, but was not controlled by them.  When this did not provide the desired intelligence data, they released Ho Chi Minh from jail; in 1941 he returned to Vietnam from China to lead an underground centered on the Communist Viet Minh. This mission was assisted by Western intelligence agencies, including the American Office of Strategic Services (OSS). Free French intelligence also tried to affect developments in the Vichy-Japanese collaboration.
In March 1945 the Japanese imprisoned the French administrators and took direct control of Vietnam until the Allies defeated them in August. At that point, the Vietnamese August Revolution set up a  Provisional Government, but the French  took back control of the country in 1945-1946.
In looking at the broad picture of Southeast Asia at the end of World War II, several conflicting movements appear: 

generic Western anticommunism that saw the French as protector of the area from Communist expansion.
nationalist and anti-colonialist movements that wanted independence from the French.
Communists who wanted to expand their influenceThe lines between these movements were not always clear, and some alliances were of convenience. Prior to his death in 1945, Franklin D. Roosevelt made several comments about not wanting the French to regain control of Indochina.In 1999 former U.S. Secretary of Defense and architect of the U.S. involvement in Vietnam Robert McNamara wrote that both sides had missed opportunities. The U.S. had both ignored its own Office of Strategic Services (OSS) intelligence reports on Ho's nationalism, and failed - when the Truman Administration became suspicious he was merely a Soviet pawn - to probe the situation. McNamara found U.S ...