Geopolitics | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-06-22

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geopolitics


00:02:44 1 United States
00:02:54 1.1 Alfred Thayer Mahan and sea power
00:05:35 1.2 Homer Lea
00:06:42 1.3 Kissinger, Brzezinski and the Grand Chessboard
00:14:36 2 United Kingdom
00:14:46 2.1 Emil Reich
00:15:18 2.2 Mackinder and the Heartland theory
00:22:16 3 Germany
00:22:59 3.1 Friedrich Ratzel
00:24:53 3.2 The association of German Geopolitik with Nazism
00:29:15 3.3 Disciplinary differences in perspectives
00:31:31 4 France
00:41:37 5 Russia
00:43:32 6 See also



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SUMMARY
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Geopolitics (from Greek γῆ gê "earth, land" and πολιτική politikḗ "politics") is the study of the effects of Earth's geography (human and physical) on politics and international relations. While geopolitics usually refers to countries and relations between them, it may also focus on two other kinds of states: de facto independent states with limited international recognition and; relations between sub-national geopolitical entities, such as the federated states that make up a federation, confederation or a quasi-federal system.
At the level of international relations, geopolitics is a method of studying foreign policy to understand, explain and predict international political behavior through geographical variables. These include area studies, climate, topography, demography, natural resources, and applied science of the region being evaluated.Geopolitics focuses on political power linked to geographic space. In particular, territorial waters and land territory in correlation with diplomatic history. Topics of geopolitics include relations between the interests of international political actors and interests focused within an area, a space, or a geographical element; relations which create a geopolitical system. "Critical geopolitics" deconstructs classical geopolitical theories, by showing their political/ideological functions for great powers.According to Christopher Gogwilt and other researchers, the term is currently being used to describe a broad spectrum of concepts, in a general sense used as "a synonym for international political relations", but more specifically "to imply the global structure of such relations", which builds on "early-twentieth-century term for a pseudoscience of political geography" and other pseudoscientific theories of historical and geographic determinism.