Skylab | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2018-12-25

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skylab


00:03:26 1 Background
00:04:58 1.1 Early studies
00:06:20 1.2 Air Force plans
00:07:23 2 Development
00:07:32 2.1 Apollo Applications Program
00:09:25 2.2 Wet workshop
00:13:01 2.3 Dry workshop
00:14:23 2.4 Habitability
00:16:20 2.5 Rescue
00:16:55 3 Components
00:17:04 4 Operational history
00:17:14 4.1 Completion and launch
00:19:23 4.2 Manned missions
00:21:21 4.3 Orbital operations
00:24:23 5 Experiments
00:26:21 5.1 Summary
00:26:29 5.2 Example
00:26:37 6 Film vaults and window radiation shield
00:28:49 7 Gyroscopes
00:31:11 8 Shower
00:33:42 9 Cameras and film
00:37:08 10 Computers
00:40:09 11 Plans for re-use after the last mission
00:44:43 11.1 Shuttle mission plans
00:46:42 12 After departure
00:48:02 12.1 Solar activity
00:50:00 12.2 Re-entry and debris
00:53:39 13 Rockets, rescue, and cancelled missions
00:54:30 13.1 Skylab 5
00:55:15 13.2 Skylab B
00:55:57 14 Engineering mock-ups
00:56:46 15 Mission designations
00:58:14 16 Program cost
00:58:47 17 Gallery
00:58:56 18 See also



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SUMMARY
=======
Skylab was a United States space station launched and operated by NASA, and occupied for about 24 weeks between May 1973 and February 1974 – the only space station the U.S. has operated exclusively.  In 1979 it fell back to Earth amid huge worldwide media attention.  Skylab included a workshop, a solar observatory, and other systems necessary for crew survival and scientific experiments. It was launched unmanned by a modified Saturn V rocket, with a weight of 170,000 pounds (77,000 kg). Lifting Skylab into low earth orbit was the final mission and launch of a Saturn V rocket (famous for carrying the manned Moon landing missions).  Three missions delivered three-astronaut crews in the Apollo command and service module (Apollo CSM), launched by the smaller Saturn IB rocket. For the final two manned missions to Skylab, a backup Apollo CSM/Saturn IB was assembled and made ready in case an in-orbit rescue mission was needed, but this backup vehicle was never flown.
The station was damaged during launch when the micrometeoroid shield tore away from the workshop, taking one of the main solar panel arrays with it and jamming the other main array. This deprived Skylab of most of its electrical power, and also removed protection from intense solar heating, threatening to make it unusable. The first crew was able to save Skylab by deploying a replacement heat shade and freeing the jammed solar panels. This was the first time a repair of this magnitude had been performed in space.
Skylab included the Apollo Telescope Mount (a multi-spectral solar observatory), Multiple Docking Adapter (with two docking ports), Airlock Module with extravehicular activity (EVA) hatches, and the Orbital Workshop (the main habitable space inside Skylab). Electrical power came from solar arrays, as well as fuel cells in the docked Apollo CSM. The rear of the station included a large waste tank, propellant tanks for maneuvering jets, and a heat radiator. Numerous experiments were conducted aboard Skylab during its operational life. Solar science was significantly advanced by the telescope, and observation of the Sun was unprecedented. Thousands of photographs of Earth were taken, and the Earth Resources Experiment Package (EREP) viewed Earth with sensors that recorded data in the visible, infrared, and microwave spectral regions. The record for human time spent in orbit was extended beyond the 23 days set by the Soyuz 11 crew aboard Salyut 1, to 84 days by the Skylab 4 crew.
Later plans to reuse Skylab were stymied by delays in development of the Space Shuttle, and Skylab's decaying orbit could not be stopped.  Skylab's atmospheric reentry began on July 11, 1979.  Before re-entry, NASA ground controllers tried to adjust Skylab's orbit to minimize the risk of debris landing in populated ar ...