Vihara | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 15/12/2018

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Vihara


00:01:20 1 Etymology and nomenclature
00:03:58 2 Origins
00:04:07 2.1 Viharas as pleasure centers
00:04:40 2.2 Viharas as monasteries
00:08:00 3 Architecture
00:10:19 3.1 Variants in rock-cut viharas
00:11:16 4 History
00:13:37 4.1 Viharas as a source of major Buddhist traditions
00:15:16 4.2 Viharas of the Pāla era
00:17:42 4.3 Southeast Asia
00:18:52 5 Image gallery
00:19:01 6 See also



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SUMMARY
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Vihara (Sanskrit: vihāra) generally refers to a monastery for Buddhist renunciates. The concept is ancient and in early Sanskrit and Pali texts, it meant any arrangement of space or facilities for pleasure and entertainment. The term evolved into an architectural concept wherein it refers to living quarters for monks with an open shared space or courtyard, particularly in Buddhism. The term is also found in Ajivika, Hindu and Jain monastic literature, usually referring to temporary refuge for wandering monks or nuns during the annual Indian monsoons. In modern Jainism, the monks continue to wander from town to town except during the rainy season (Chaturmas), the term "vihara" refers their wanderings.Vihara or vihara hall has a more specific meaning in the architecture of India, especially ancient Indian rock-cut architecture.  Here it means a central hall, with small cells connected to it sometimes with beds carved from the stone. Some have a shrine cell set back at the centre of the back wall, containing a stupa in early examples, or a Buddha statue later. Typical large sites such as the Ajanta Caves, Aurangabad Caves, Karli Caves, and Kanheri Caves contain several viharas. Some included a chaitya or worship hall nearby. The vihara was originated to be a shelter for Monks when it rains.