The Great Civilizations of the Ancient World: Celts, Persians, Scythians & Libyans
Channel: Celtic History Decoded
Date: 2023-05-01

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The Great Civilizations of the Ancient World: Celts, Persians, Scythians & Libyans

Chapters:
0:00 Intro
0:26 Celts 
4:24 Persians
5:54 Libyans 
7:21 Scythians 
17:41 Support

Creative Commons:

Creative Commons: Antiquistik https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Scythian_kingdom_in_the_Pontic_steppe.jpg Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International, 3.0 Unported, 2.5 Generic, 2.0 Generic and 1.0 Generic license. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/ 

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Surenae https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cyrus_II_(The_Great).jpg Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International license. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en 

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In the 5th century BC, the Greek writer Ephoros described the 4 great civilizations of the ancient world from a Greek perspective (he actually called them barbarians). They were the Celts, the Persians, the Libyans, and the Scythians, as shown in this ancient map drawn in the 5th century BC by the Greek historian Herodotus, the father of history.

But who were these peoples?

First up is the ancient Celts. The Celts were a group of people bound together by their shared use of Celtic languages and other cultural traits. They went on to occupy large parts of the British Isles, Western and Central Europe and then migrated east across Europe reaching as far as modern Turkey. To be clear, the ancient Celts weren’t a unified empire as such, but various peoples that were bound together by various shared traits, beliefs and structures, most notably their use of Celtic languages, such as Gaulish and Brythonic.

Perhaps unsurprisingly, when looking at Scotland and Ireland today, the ancient Celts loved a drink, and were particularly fond of wine. Many Celtic peoples also had shared societal structures, such as the Druids playing a priestly and almost judicial role in many Celtic societies. Various Celtic peoples also worshipped the same Celtic gods, such as Toutatis, meaning god of the tribe, or Cernunnos.

Sources:

Celts https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celts 

Ancient Celtic religion https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Celtic_religion 

Celt https://www.britannica.com/topic/Celt-people 

Barry Cunliffe (2018) The Ancient Celts (Oxford University Press) 

Cyrus the Great - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyrus_the_Great 

Persians - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persians 

Persia https://www.britannica.com/place/Persia 

Ancient Libya https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Libya 

Berber https://www.britannica.com/topic/Berber 

Numidia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numidia 

Indo-Scythians https://en.wikipedia.org//wiki/Indo-Scythians  

Saka https://en.wikipedia.org//wiki/Saka   

Britannica, Scythian https://www.britannica.com/topic/Scythian 

Author Talk | The Scythians | Barry Cunliffe, Oxford Academic (Oxford University Press) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rQ7Ia_L6bgk 

History Time - Horse Lords: A Brief History of the Scythians https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-IAxEtT3lfA 

Smithsonian Magazine - The Significance Behind Ancient Scythian Tattoos https://www.smithsonianmag.com/videos/the-significance-behind-ancient-scythian-tatto/ 

Alans https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alans 

North Ossetia–Alania https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Ossetia%E2%80%93Alania 

South Ossetia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Ossetia

La Tène culture https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_T%C3%A8ne_culture 

Achaemenid Empire https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Achaemenid_Empire 

Zoroastrianism https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoroastrianism 

Sasanian dynasty https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sasanian_dynasty 

Libu https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libu 

#history #civilization #ancienthistory