Bourbon Restoration | Wikipedia audio article
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Date: 2018-11-28

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Bourbon Restoration

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SUMMARY
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The Bourbon Restoration was the period of French history following the fall of Napoleon in 1815 until the July Revolution of 1830. The brothers of the executed Louis XVI came to power, and reigned in highly conservative fashion; exiled supporters of the monarchy returned to France. They were nonetheless unable to reverse most of the changes made by the French Revolution and Napoleon. At the Congress of Vienna they were treated respectfully, but had to give up nearly all the territorial gains made since 1789.
Following the  French Revolution (1789–1799), Napoleon became ruler of France. A coalition of European powers defeated him in the War of the Sixth Coalition, ended the First Empire in 1814, and restored the monarchy to the brothers of Louis XVI. The Bourbon Restoration lasted from (about) 6 April 1814 until the popular uprisings of the July Revolution of 1830. There was an interlude in spring 1815—the "Hundred Days"—when the return of Napoleon forced the Bourbons to flee France. When Napoleon was again defeated by the Seventh Coalition, they returned to power in July.
During the Restoration, the new Bourbon regime was a constitutional monarchy, unlike the absolutist Ancien Régime, and so it had some limits on its power. The new king, Louis XVIII, accepted the vast majority of reforms instituted from 1792 to 1814.  Continuity was his basic policy. He did not try to recover land and property taken from the royalist exiles. He continued in peaceful fashion the main objectives of Napoleon's foreign policy, such as the  limitation of Austrian influence. He reversed Napoleon regarding Spain and the Ottoman Empire, in order to restore the friendship that had prevailed until 1792.  The period was characterized by a sharp conservative reaction, and consequent minor but consistent occurrences of civil unrest and disturbances. Otherwise, the political establishment was relatively stable until the late reign of Charles X. It also saw the reestablishment of the Catholic Church as a major power in French politics. Throughout the Bourbon Restoration, France experienced a period of stable economic prosperity and the preliminaries of industrialization.