Nuclear option (U.S. politics) | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: Subhajit Sahu
Date: 2018-12-05

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Nuclear option (U.S. politics)


00:01:28 1 Background
00:01:37 1.1 The 60-vote rule
00:03:36 1.2 Procedure to invoke the option
00:04:57 1.3 Validity
00:05:39 1.4 Terminology
00:07:04 2 History
00:07:13 2.1 Senate rules before 1917
00:08:59 2.2 Early cloture era, 1917–1974
00:10:43 2.3 60-vote rule takes hold, 1975–2004
00:12:20 2.4 2005 debate on judicial nominations
00:13:18 2.5 Minor rules reforms, 2011 &amp; 2013
00:15:40 3 Use in 2013 &amp; 2017
00:15:43 3.1 2013: nominations except Supreme Court
00:16:40 3.1.1 Rationale for change
00:18:35 3.2 2017: Supreme Court nominations
00:19:09 4 Proposed use for legislation
00:19:32 4.1 Donald Trump
00:19:58 5 Policy arguments
00:20:08 5.1 Issues
00:20:50 5.2 Constitutional provisions
00:21:36 5.3 Arguments for simple majority
00:21:46 5.3.1 Constitutional argument
00:23:01 5.3.2 Obstruction
00:23:47 5.3.3 Majority rule
00:24:20 5.4 Arguments for 60-vote rule
00:24:30 5.4.1 Constitutional arguments
00:25:11 5.4.2 Tradition
00:26:07 5.4.3 Majority rule
00:26:31 5.4.4 Ensuring broad support
00:27:44 5.4.5 Public opinion
00:28:52 5.4.6 Court-packing
00:30:11 5.5 Opportunism
00:31:48 6 Other uses of "nuclear option"
00:32:57 7 See also



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SUMMARY
=======
The nuclear option  is a parliamentary procedure that allows the United States Senate to override a rule – specifically the 60-vote rule to close debate – by a simple majority of 51 votes, rather than the two-thirds supermajority normally required to amend the rules. The option is invoked when the majority leader raises a point of order that only a simple majority is needed to close debate on certain matters. The presiding officer denies the point of order based on Senate rules, but the ruling of the chair is then appealed and overturned by majority vote, establishing new precedent.
This procedure effectively allows the Senate to decide any issue by simple majority vote, regardless of existing procedural rules such as Rule XXII which requires the consent of 60 senators (out of 100) to end a filibuster for legislation, and 67 for amending a Senate rule. The term "nuclear option" is an analogy to nuclear weapons being the most extreme option in warfare.
In November 2013, Senate Democrats led by Harry Reid used the nuclear option to eliminate the 60-vote rule on executive branch nominations and federal judicial appointments, but not for the Supreme Court. In April 2017, Senate Republicans led by Mitch McConnell extended the nuclear option to Supreme Court and the nomination of Neil Gorsuch ending the debate.As of January 2018, a three-fifths majority vote is still required to end debates on legislation.