John Hay | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2018-12-04

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
John Hay


00:02:10 1 Early life
00:02:19 1.1 Family and youth
00:03:49 1.2 Student and Lincoln supporter
00:06:31 2 American Civil War
00:06:41 2.1 Secretary to Lincoln
00:10:38 2.2 Presidential emissary
00:12:45 2.3 Assassination of Lincoln
00:15:01 3 Early diplomatic career
00:17:54 4 Wilderness years (1870–97)
00:18:05 4.1 iTribune/i and marriage
00:21:37 4.2 Return to politics
00:24:16 4.3 Wealthy traveler (1881–97)
00:24:27 4.3.1 Author and dilettante
00:27:19 4.3.2 McKinley backer
00:31:16 5 Ambassador
00:31:25 5.1 Appointment
00:34:16 5.2 Service
00:38:56 6 Secretary of State
00:39:06 6.1 McKinley years
00:40:12 6.1.1 Open Door Policy
00:43:50 6.1.2 Boxer Rebellion
00:45:43 6.1.3 Death of McKinley
00:47:44 6.2 Theodore Roosevelt administration
00:47:54 6.2.1 Staying on
00:49:28 6.2.2 Panama
00:54:22 6.2.3 Relationship with Roosevelt, other events
00:59:29 6.2.4 Final months and death
01:02:40 7 Literary career
01:02:49 7.1 Early works
01:06:03 7.2 iThe Bread-Winners/i
01:07:55 7.3 Lincoln biography
01:10:16 8 Assessment and legacy
01:14:17 9 See also



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SUMMARY
=======
John Milton Hay (October 8, 1838 – July 1, 1905) was an American statesman and official whose career in government stretched over almost half a century. Beginning as a private secretary and assistant to Abraham Lincoln, Hay's highest office was United States Secretary of State under Presidents William McKinley and Theodore Roosevelt. Hay was also an author and biographer and wrote poetry and other literature throughout much of his life.
Born in Indiana to an anti-slavery family that moved to Illinois when he was young, Hay showed great potential, and his family sent him to Brown University. After graduation in 1858, Hay read law in his uncle's office in Springfield, Illinois, adjacent to that of Lincoln. Hay worked for Lincoln's successful presidential campaign and became one of his private secretaries at the White House.  Throughout the American Civil War, Hay was close to Lincoln and stood by his deathbed after the President was shot at Ford's Theatre. In addition to his other literary works, Hay co-authored with John George Nicolay a multi-volume biography of Lincoln that helped shape the assassinated president's historical image.
After Lincoln's death, Hay spent several years at diplomatic posts in Europe, then worked for the New-York Tribune under Horace Greeley and Whitelaw Reid. Yet, Hay remained active in politics, and from 1879 to 1881 served as Assistant Secretary of State. Afterward, he remained in the private sector, until President McKinley, for whom he had been a major backer, made him Ambassador to the United Kingdom in 1897. Hay became Secretary of State the following year.
Hay served for almost seven years as Secretary of State under President McKinley, and after McKinley's assassination, under Theodore Roosevelt. Hay was responsible for negotiating the Open Door Policy, which kept China open to trade with all countries on an equal basis, with international powers. By negotiating the Hay–Pauncefote Treaty with the United Kingdom, the (ultimately unratified) Hay–Herrán Treaty with Colombia, and finally the Hay–Bunau-Varilla Treaty with the newly-independent Republic of Panama, Hay also cleared the way for the building of the Panama Canal.