Organism | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 08/12/2018

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Organism


00:01:38 1 Etymology
00:02:19 2 Definitions
00:03:21 2.1 Non-cellular life
00:05:29 3 Chemistry
00:07:12 3.1 Macromolecules
00:09:20 4 Structure
00:10:18 4.1 Cell
00:12:24 5 Evolutionary history
00:12:34 5.1 Last universal common ancestor
00:14:57 6 Location of the root
00:17:04 6.1 Reproduction
00:18:24 6.2 Horizontal gene transfer
00:19:28 6.3 Future of life (cloning and synthetic organisms)
00:20:27 7 See also



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- Socrates



SUMMARY
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In biology, an organism (from Greek: ὀργανισμός, organismos) is any individual entity that exhibits the properties of life. It is a synonym for "life form".
Organisms are classified by taxonomy into specified groups such as the multicellular animals, plants, and fungi; or unicellular microorganisms such as a protists, bacteria, and archaea. All types of organisms are capable of reproduction, growth and development, maintenance, and some degree of response to stimuli. Humans are multicellular animals composed of many trillions of cells which differentiate during development into specialized tissues and organs.
An organism may be either a prokaryote or a eukaryote. Prokaryotes are represented by two separate domains—bacteria and archaea. Eukaryotic organisms are characterized by the presence of a membrane-bound cell nucleus and contain additional membrane-bound compartments called organelles (such as mitochondria in animals and plants and plastids in plants and algae, all generally considered to be derived from endosymbiotic bacteria). Fungi, animals and plants are examples of kingdoms of organisms within the eukaryotes.
Estimates on the number of Earth's current species range from 10 million to 14 million, of which only about 1.2 million have been documented. More than 99% of all species, amounting to over five billion species, that ever lived are estimated to be extinct. In 2016, a set of 355 genes from the last universal common ancestor (LUCA) of all organisms was identified.