Biological interactions | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 03/05/2019

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbiosis


00:01:48 1 Definition
00:03:52 1.1 Obligate versus facultative
00:04:37 2 Physical interaction
00:06:01 2.1 Competition
00:06:46 3 Mutualism
00:09:58 3.1 Endosymbiosis
00:13:27 4 Commensalism
00:14:32 5 Parasitism
00:15:32 6 Mimicry
00:17:32 7 Amensalism
00:19:55 8 Cleaning symbiosis
00:20:52 9 Co-evolution
00:21:16 9.1 Symbiogenesis
00:22:29 9.2 Co-evolutionary relationships
00:22:40 9.2.1 Mycorrhizas
00:23:01 9.2.2 Pollination
00:24:20 9.2.3 Acacia ants and acacias
00:24:52 10 See also



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SUMMARY
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Symbiosis (from Greek συμβίωσις "living together", from σύν "together" and βίωσις "living") is any type of a close and long-term biological interaction between two different biological organisms, be it mutualistic, commensalistic, or parasitic. The organisms, each termed a symbiont, may be of the same or of different species.  In 1879, Heinrich Anton de Bary defined it as "the living together of unlike organisms". The term was subject to a century-long debate about whether it should specifically denote mutualism, as in lichens; biologists have now abandoned that restriction.
Symbiosis can be obligatory, which means that one or both of the symbionts entirely depend on each other for survival, or facultative (optional) when they can generally live independently.
Symbiosis is also classified by physical attachment; symbiosis in which the organisms have bodily union is called conjunctive symbiosis, and symbiosis in which they are not in union is called disjunctive symbiosis.
When one organism lives on the surface of another, such as head lice on humans, it is called ectosymbiosis; when one partner lives inside the tissues of another, such as Symbiodinium within coral, it is termed endosymbiosis.