Point source water pollution | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 15/05/2019

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_regulation_of_point_source_water_pollution


00:00:46 1 Introduction
00:00:56 1.1 Definition
00:01:46 1.2 Relevant science
00:03:57 1.3 Nature of the problem/context
00:04:08 1.3.1 Water pollution incidents and public response
00:05:59 2 Regulatory framework
00:06:09 2.1 History of regulation
00:08:54 2.2 Clean Water Act
00:10:05 2.2.1 Indirect point source water pollution
00:11:02 2.2.1.1 National Pretreatment Program
00:12:14 2.2.2 Direct point source water pollution
00:12:41 2.2.2.1 NPDES Permit Program
00:18:35 2.2.2.2 Stormwater management permits
00:21:36 2.3 Others
00:21:44 2.3.1 EPA water quality trading policy
00:24:07 2.3.2 Other laws that may affect some NPDES permits
00:26:03 3 Problems/issues/concerns
00:26:14 3.1 Funding
00:26:23 3.1.1 Cost issues for monitoring
00:27:02 3.2 Enforcement
00:27:11 3.2.1 Self-monitoring and self-reporting
00:28:35 3.2.2 Tensions between state and federal government
00:31:09 3.3 Ambiguity of the CWA
00:31:19 3.3.1 iCoeur Alaska v. Southeast Alaska Conservation Council/i
00:34:56 4 Other emerging regulatory approaches
00:35:07 4.1 Water quality trading
00:35:16 4.1.1 Definition
00:36:27 4.1.2 Background
00:38:20 4.1.3 Credits and trade ratios
00:40:25 4.1.4 Benefits
00:42:15 4.1.5 Factors influencing success
00:42:55 4.1.6 Obstacles to implementation
00:44:08 4.1.7 Contrast to emissions trading
00:45:19 4.2 Dealing with transboundary pollution: a case study of the U.S./Mexico border region
00:45:30 4.2.1 Overview
00:46:29 4.2.2 Policy issues
00:47:39 4.2.3 Policy responses
00:51:37 5 See also



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SUMMARY
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Point source water pollution comes from discrete conveyances and alters the chemical, biological, and physical characteristics of water. In the United States, it is largely regulated by the Clean Water Act (CWA). Among other things, the Act requires dischargers to obtain a National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit to legally discharge pollutants into a water body. However, point source pollution remains an issue in some water bodies, due to some limitations of the Act. Consequently, other regulatory approaches have emerged, such as water quality trading and voluntary community-level efforts.