Aether theory | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 30/12/2018

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luminiferous_aether


00:01:40 1 The history of light and aether
00:01:51 1.1 Particles vs. waves
00:05:43 1.2 Bradley suggests particles
00:07:41 1.3 Waves theory triumphs
00:09:20 1.4 Electromagnetism
00:13:48 1.5 Problems
00:16:19 2 Relative motion between the Earth and aether
00:16:30 2.1 Aether drag
00:18:34 2.2 Negative aether-drift experiments
00:21:12 2.2.1 First order experiments
00:25:50 2.2.2 Second order experiments
00:31:53 3 Lorentz aether theory
00:34:57 4 End of aether
00:35:06 4.1 Special relativity
00:38:44 4.2 Other models
00:39:39 4.3 Einstein's views on the aether
00:43:36 5 Aether concepts
00:43:53 6 See also



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SUMMARY
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Luminiferous aether or ether ("luminiferous", meaning "light-bearing"), was the postulated medium for the propagation of light. It was invoked to explain the ability of the apparently wave-based light to propagate through empty space, something that waves should not be able to do. The assumption of a spatial plenum of luminiferous aether, rather than a spatial vacuum, provided the theoretical medium that was required by wave theories of light.
The aether hypothesis was the topic of considerable debate throughout its history, as it required the existence of an invisible and infinite material with no interaction with physical objects. As the nature of light was explored, especially in the 19th century, the physical qualities required of an aether became increasingly contradictory. By the late 1800s, the existence of the aether was being questioned, although there was no physical theory to replace it.
The negative outcome of the Michelson–Morley experiment (1887) suggested that the aether did not exist, a finding that was confirmed in subsequent experiments through the 1920s. This led to considerable theoretical work to explain the propagation of light without an aether. A major breakthrough was the theory of relativity, which could explain why the experiment failed to see aether, but was more broadly interpreted to suggest that it was not needed. The Michelson-Morley experiment, along with the blackbody radiator and photoelectric effect, was a key experiment in the development of modern physics, which includes both relativity and quantum theory, the latter of which explains the wave-like nature of light.