Augustus | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-05-10

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augustus


00:03:05 1 Name
00:05:05 2 Early life
00:07:58 3 Rise to power
00:08:07 3.1 Heir to Caesar
00:10:54 3.2 Growing tensions
00:12:03 3.3 First conflict with Antony
00:14:34 3.4 Second Triumvirate
00:14:42 3.4.1 Proscriptions
00:16:43 3.4.2 Battle of Philippi and division of territory
00:18:51 3.4.3 Rebellion and marriage alliances
00:22:05 3.4.4 War with Pompeius
00:24:59 3.4.5 War with Antony and Cleopatra
00:28:52 4 Sole ruler of Rome
00:30:00 4.1 First settlement
00:33:24 4.2 Change to Augustus
00:35:16 4.3 Second settlement
00:37:56 4.4 Primary reasons for the Second settlement
00:41:03 4.5 Additional powers
00:44:27 4.6 Conspiracy
00:47:22 4.7 Stability and staying power
00:48:40 5 War and expansion
00:53:45 6 Death and succession
01:00:36 7 Legacy
01:11:14 7.1 Revenue reforms
01:13:32 7.2 Month of August
01:14:23 7.3 Building projects
01:17:07 8 Physical appearance and official images



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SUMMARY
=======
Augustus (Latin: Imperator Caesar Divi filius Augustus; 23 September 63 BC – 19 August AD 14) was a Roman statesman and military leader who was the first emperor of the Roman Empire, reigning from 27 BC until his death in AD 14. His status as the founder of the Roman Principate has consolidated an enduring legacy as one of the most effective and controversial leaders in human history. The reign of Augustus initiated an era of relative peace known as the Pax Romana. The Roman world was largely free from large-scale conflict for more than two centuries, despite continuous wars of imperial expansion on the Empire's frontiers and the year-long civil war known as the "Year of the Four Emperors" over the imperial succession.
Augustus was born Gaius Octavius Thurinus into an old and wealthy equestrian branch of the plebeian gens Octavia. His maternal great-uncle Julius Caesar was assassinated in 44 BC, and Octavius was named in Caesar's will as his adopted son and heir. Along with Mark Antony and Marcus Lepidus, he formed the Second Triumvirate to defeat the assassins of Caesar. Following their victory at the Battle of Philippi, the Triumvirate divided the Roman Republic among themselves and ruled as military dictators. The Triumvirate was eventually torn apart by the competing ambitions of its members. Lepidus was driven into exile and stripped of his position, and Antony committed suicide following his defeat at the Battle of Actium by Octavian in 31 BC.
After the demise of the Second Triumvirate, Augustus restored the outward façade of the free Republic, with governmental power vested in the Roman Senate, the executive magistrates, and the legislative assemblies. In reality, however, he retained his autocratic power over the Republic as a military dictator. By law, Augustus held a collection of powers granted to him for life by the Senate, including supreme military command, and those of tribune and censor. It took several years for Augustus to develop the framework within which a formally republican state could be led under his sole rule. He rejected monarchical titles, and instead called himself Princeps Civitatis ("First Citizen of the State"). The resulting constitutional framework became known as the Principate, the first phase of the Roman Empire.
Augustus dramatically enlarged the Empire, annexing Egypt, Dalmatia, Pannonia, Noricum, and Raetia, expanding possessions in Africa, and completing the conquest of Hispania, but suffered a major setback in Germania. Beyond the frontiers, he secured the Empire with a buffer region of client states and made peace with the Parthian Empire through diplomacy. He reformed the Roman system of taxation, developed networks of roads with an official courier system, established a standing army, established the Praetorian Guard, created official police and fi ...