Malnutrition | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-01-31

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malnutrition


00:05:15 1 Definitions
00:05:46 1.1 Undernutrition and overnutrition
00:06:49 1.2 Protein-energy malnutrition
00:07:43 1.2.1 Kwashiorkor
00:08:34 1.2.2 Marasmus
00:09:21 1.3 Undernutrition, hunger
00:09:53 1.4 Definition by Gomez
00:11:00 1.5 Definition by Waterlow
00:11:46 2 Effects
00:13:20 2.1 Signs
00:13:45 2.2 Cognitive development
00:15:00 3 Causes
00:15:56 3.1 Diseases
00:17:04 3.2 Dietary practices
00:17:14 3.2.1 Undernutrition
00:18:27 3.2.2 Overnutrition
00:20:25 3.3 Poverty and food prices
00:22:02 3.4 Agricultural productivity
00:23:25 3.5 Future threats
00:25:03 4 Prevention
00:25:13 4.1 Food security
00:27:55 4.2 Economics
00:31:25 4.3 World population
00:33:13 4.4 Food sovereignty
00:33:51 4.5 Health facilities
00:34:26 4.6 Breastfeeding
00:35:50 4.6.1 Barriers to breastfeeding
00:36:56 4.7 21st century global initiatives
00:39:39 5 Treatment
00:40:23 5.1 Food
00:41:48 5.2 Micronutrients
00:43:37 5.3 Diarrhea
00:47:29 5.4 Low blood sugar
00:48:07 5.5 Hypothermia
00:48:39 6 Epidemiology
00:49:44 6.1 People affected
00:50:31 6.2 Mortality
00:52:38 7 History
00:58:11 8 Special populations
00:58:35 8.1 Children
00:59:33 8.2 Women
01:02:19 8.2.1 Physiology
01:02:39 8.2.2 Pregnancy and breastfeeding
01:03:54 8.2.3 Educating children
01:04:17 8.3 Elderly



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SUMMARY
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Malnutrition is a condition that results from eating a diet in which one or more nutrients are either not enough or are too much such that the diet causes health problems. It may involve calories, protein, carbohydrates, vitamins or minerals. Not enough nutrients is called undernutrition or undernourishment while too much is called overnutrition. Malnutrition is often used to specifically refer to undernutrition where an individual is not getting enough calories, protein, or micronutrients. If undernutrition occurs during pregnancy, or before two years of age, it may result in permanent problems with physical and mental development. Extreme undernourishment, known as starvation, may have symptoms that include: a short height, thin body, very poor energy levels, and swollen legs and abdomen. People also often get infections and are frequently cold. The symptoms of micronutrient deficiencies depend on the micronutrient that is lacking.Undernourishment is most often due to not enough high-quality food being available to eat. This is often related to high food prices and poverty. A lack of breastfeeding may contribute, as may a number of infectious diseases such as: gastroenteritis, pneumonia, malaria, and measles, which increase nutrient requirements. There are two main types of undernutrition: protein-energy malnutrition and dietary deficiencies. Protein-energy malnutrition has two severe forms: marasmus (a lack of protein and calories) and kwashiorkor (a lack of just protein). Common micronutrient deficiencies include: a lack of iron, iodine, and vitamin A. During pregnancy, due to the body's increased need, deficiencies may become more common. In some developing countries, overnutrition in the form of obesity is beginning to present within the same communities as undernutrition. Other causes of malnutrition include anorexia nervosa and bariatric surgery.Efforts to improve nutrition are some of the most effective forms of development aid. Breastfeeding can reduce rates of malnutrition and death in children, and efforts to promote the practice increase the rates of breastfeeding. In young children, providing food (in addition to breastmilk) between six months and two years of age improves outcomes. There is also good evidence supporting the supplementation of a number of micronutrients to women during pregnancy and among young children in the developing world. To get food to people who need it most, both delivering foo ...