Shivaji | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 16/12/2018

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Shivaji


00:01:28 1 Early life
00:02:30 1.1 Upbringing
00:04:20 2 Conflict with Bijapur
00:05:37 2.1 Combat with Afzal Khan
00:07:59 2.2 Siege of Panhala
00:09:34 2.3 Battle of Pavan Khind
00:10:54 3 Conflict with the Mughals
00:12:04 3.1 Attacks on Shaista Khan and Surat
00:13:43 3.2 Treaty of Purandar
00:14:53 3.3 Arrest in Agra and escape
00:16:22 3.4 Peace with the Mughals
00:17:17 4 Reconquest
00:19:24 4.1 Battles of Umrani and Nesari
00:20:40 5 Coronation
00:23:32 6 Conquest in Southern India
00:25:40 7 Death and succession
00:27:28 7.1 The Marathas after Shivaji
00:29:59 8 Governance
00:30:08 8.1 Promotion of Marathi and Sanskrit
00:31:20 8.2 Religious policy
00:33:11 9 Military
00:33:52 9.1 Forts
00:34:44 9.2 Navy
00:36:03 10 Legacy
00:36:24 10.1 Early depictions
00:37:34 10.2 Reimagining
00:40:14 10.3 Inspiration
00:42:26 10.4 Controversy
00:43:49 10.5 Commemorations



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SUMMARY
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Shivaji Bhonsle (Marathi [ʃiʋaˑɟiˑ bʱoˑs(ə)leˑ]; c. 1627/1630 – 3 April 1680) was an Indian warrior king and a member of the Bhonsle Maratha clan. Shivaji carved out an enclave from the declining Adilshahi sultanate of Bijapur that formed the genesis of the Maratha Empire. In 1674, he was formally crowned as the chhatrapati (monarch) of his realm at Raigad.
Over the course of his life, Shivaji engaged in both alliances and hostilities with the Mughal Empire, Sultanate of Golkonda, and Sultanate of Bijapur, as well as the English, Portuguese, and French colonial powers. Shivaji's military forces expanded the Maratha sphere of influence, capturing and building forts, and forming a Maratha navy. Shivaji established a competent and progressive civil rule with well-structured administrative organisations. He revived ancient Hindu political traditions and court conventions and promoted the usage of Marathi and Sanskrit, rather than Persian, in court and administration.
Shivaji's legacy was to vary by observer and time but he began to take on increased importance with the emergence of the Indian independence movement, as many elevated him as a proto-nationalist and hero of the Hindus. Particularly in Maharashtra, debates over his history and role have engendered great passion and sometimes even violence as disparate groups have sought to characterise him and his legacy.