Stock exchange | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-01-08

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stock_exchange


00:03:14 1 History
00:03:23 1.1 Early history
00:05:57 1.2 Establishment of formal stock exchanges
00:12:04 2 Role of stock exchanges
00:12:23 2.1 Raising capital for businesses
00:12:46 2.1.1 Common forms of capital raising
00:13:22 2.1.1.1 Going public
00:15:33 2.1.1.2 Limited partnerships
00:16:10 2.1.1.3 Venture capital
00:16:47 2.1.1.4 Corporate partners
00:17:23 2.2 Mobilizing savings for investment
00:18:20 2.3 Facilitating company growth
00:19:01 2.4 Profit sharing
00:19:39 2.5 Corporate governance
00:22:48 2.6 Creating investment opportunities for small investors
00:23:29 2.7 Government capital-raising for development projects
00:24:39 2.8 Barometer of the economy
00:25:30 3 Listing requirements
00:26:01 3.1 Examples of listing requirements
00:27:47 4 Ownership
00:30:31 5 Other types of exchanges
00:31:14 6 See also



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SUMMARY
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A stock exchange, securities exchange or bourse, is a facility where stock brokers and traders can buy and sell securities, such as shares of stock and  bonds and other financial instruments. Stock exchanges may also provide for facilities the issue and redemption of such securities and instruments and capital events including the payment of income and dividends. Securities traded on a stock exchange include stock issued by listed companies, unit trusts, derivatives, pooled investment products and bonds. Stock exchanges often function as "continuous auction" markets with buyers and sellers consummating transactions at a central location such as the floor of the exchange. Many stock exchanges today use electronic trading, in place of the traditional floor trading.
To be able to trade a security on a certain stock exchange, the security must be listed there. Usually, there is a central location at least for record keeping, but trade is increasingly less linked to a physical place, as modern markets use electronic networks, which give them advantages of increased speed and reduced cost of transactions. Trade on an exchange is restricted to brokers who are members of the exchange. In recent years, various other trading venues, such as electronic communication networks, alternative trading systems and "dark pools" have taken much of the trading activity away from traditional stock exchanges.Initial public offerings of stocks and bonds to investors is done in the primary market and subsequent trading is done in the secondary market. A stock exchange is often the most important component of a stock market. Supply and demand in stock markets are driven by various factors that, as in all free markets, affect the price of stocks (see stock valuation).
There is usually no obligation for stock to be issued through the stock exchange itself, nor must stock be subsequently traded on an exchange. Such trading may be off exchange or over-the-counter. This is the usual way that derivatives and bonds are traded. Increasingly, stock exchanges are part of a global securities market. Stock exchanges also serve an economic function in providing liquidity to shareholders in providing an efficient means of disposing of shares.