History of chemical warfare | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-05-02

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_warfare


00:01:14 1 Definition
00:04:08 2 History
00:04:17 2.1 Ancient and medieval times
00:08:45 2.2 Early modern era
00:10:29 2.3 Industrial era
00:13:22 2.4 World War I
00:17:06 2.5 Interwar years
00:18:35 2.5.1 Use by Italians in Libya and Ethiopia
00:22:35 2.5.1.1 Nerve agents
00:24:44 2.6 World War II
00:24:53 2.6.1 Imperial Japanese Army
00:27:51 2.6.2 Nazi Germany
00:33:08 2.6.3 Western Allies
00:36:34 2.6.3.1 Accidental release
00:38:51 2.7 Post-World War II
00:39:31 2.7.1 Britain
00:43:10 2.7.2 United States
00:47:47 2.7.3 Soviet Union
00:50:23 2.8 Use in conflicts after World War II
00:50:34 2.8.1 North Yemen
00:53:01 2.8.2 Rhodesian Bush War
00:53:37 2.8.3 Vietnamese border raids in Thailand
00:54:03 2.8.4 Iran–Iraq War
00:55:45 2.8.5 Halabja
00:56:31 2.8.6 Persian Gulf War
01:00:29 2.8.7 Angola
01:03:43 2.8.8 Falklands War
01:04:28 2.8.9 Syrian Civil War
01:06:36 2.9 Terrorism and anti-terrorism
01:10:38 2.10 Chemical weapons treaties
01:11:24 2.10.1 Chemical Weapons Convention
01:12:03 3 Technology
01:13:42 3.1 Chemical warfare agents
01:15:15 3.1.1 Persistency
01:18:29 3.1.2 Classes
01:20:30 3.1.3 Designations
01:21:11 3.2 Delivery
01:22:16 3.2.1 Dispersion
01:27:26 3.2.2 Thermal dissemination
01:29:27 3.2.3 Aerodynamic dissemination
01:31:14 3.3 Protection against chemical warfare
01:34:44 3.3.1 Decontamination
01:37:13 4 Sociopolitical climate
01:39:49 4.1 Efforts to eradicate chemical weapons
01:41:32 4.2 Chemical weapon proliferation
01:43:34 5 Chemical weapons destruction
01:43:44 5.1 India
01:45:04 5.2 Iraq
01:46:05 5.3 Japan
01:46:44 5.4 Russia
01:49:16 5.5 United States
01:53:59 6 Herbicidal warfare
01:54:50 7 See also



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SUMMARY
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Chemical warfare (CW) involves using the toxic properties of chemical substances as weapons. This type of warfare is distinct from nuclear warfare and biological warfare, which together make up NBC, the military acronym for nuclear, biological, and chemical (warfare or weapons), all of which are considered "weapons of mass destruction" (WMDs). None of these fall under the term conventional weapons which are primarily effective due to their destructive potential. In theory, with proper protective equipment, training, and decontamination measures, the primary effects of chemical weapons can be overcome. In practice, they continue to cause much suffering, as most victims are defenceless civilians. Many nations possess vast stockpiles of weaponized agents in preparation for wartime use. The threat and the perceived threat have become strategic tools in planning both measures and counter-measures.
The use of chemical weapons is prohibited under customary international humanitarian law.