Sanitation | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 26/03/2019

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanitation


00:02:43 1 Definition
00:04:27 2 Purposes
00:07:01 3 Types and terms
00:07:31 3.1 Basic sanitation
00:08:07 3.2 Container-based sanitation
00:09:04 3.3 Community-led total sanitation
00:09:46 3.4 Dry sanitation
00:10:21 3.5 Ecological sanitation
00:11:24 3.6 Emergency sanitation
00:12:30 3.7 Environmental sanitation
00:12:58 3.8 Improved and unimproved sanitation
00:13:30 3.9 Lack of sanitation
00:14:11 3.10 Onsite sanitation
00:15:20 3.11 Safely managed sanitation
00:15:50 3.12 Sustainable sanitation
00:16:44 3.13 Other
00:17:06 4 Health aspects
00:18:52 4.1 Diarrhea
00:20:26 4.2 Malnutrition and stunting
00:21:32 4.3 Diseases caused by lack of sanitation
00:23:20 4.4 Hygiene promotion
00:24:31 5 Environmental aspects
00:24:41 5.1 Indicator organisms
00:25:36 5.2 Wastewater and stormwater management
00:27:08 5.3 Solid waste disposal
00:28:34 6 Other industries
00:28:44 6.1 Food industry
00:30:24 7 Developing countries
00:30:55 7.1 Sustainable Development Goal Number 6 (from 2016 onwards)
00:32:02 7.1.1 Millennium Development Goal Number 7 until 2015
00:34:16 7.2 Economic benefits
00:34:41 7.3 Various initiatives
00:35:01 8 History
00:36:58 8.1 Modern history



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SUMMARY
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Sanitation refers to public health conditions related to clean drinking water and adequate treatment and disposal of human excreta and sewage. Preventing human contact with feces is part of sanitation, as is hand washing with soap. Sanitation systems aim to protect human health by providing a clean environment that will stop the transmission of disease, especially through the fecal–oral route. For example, diarrhea, a main cause of malnutrition and stunted growth in children, can be reduced through sanitation. There are many other diseases which are easily transmitted in communities that have low levels of sanitation, such as ascariasis (a type of intestinal worm infection or helminthiasis), cholera, hepatitis, polio, schistosomiasis, trachoma, to name just a few.
A range of sanitation technologies and approaches exists. Some examples are community-led total sanitation, container-based sanitation, ecological sanitation, emergency sanitation, environmental sanitation, onsite sanitation and sustainable sanitation. A sanitation system includes the capture, storage, transport, treatment and disposal or reuse of human excreta and wastewater. Reuse activities within the sanitation system may focus on the nutrients, water, energy or organic matter contained in excreta and wastewater. This is referred to as the "sanitation value chain" or "sanitation economy".Several sanitation "levels" are being used to compare sanitation service levels within countries or across countries. The sanitation ladder defined by the Joint Monitoring Programme in 2016 starts at open defecation and moves upwards using the terms "unimproved", "limited", "basic", with the highest level being "safely managed". This is particularly applicable to developing countries.
The Human Right to Water and Sanitation was recognized by the United Nations (UN) General Assembly in 2010. Sanitation is a global development priority and the subject of Sustainable Development Goal 6. The estimate in 2017 by JMP states that 4.5 billion people currently do not have safely managed sanitation. Lack of access to sanitation has an impact not only on public health but also on human dignity and personal safety.