Standard atomic weight | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 18/10/2018

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Standard atomic weight

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SUMMARY
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The standard atomic weight (Ar, standard, a relative atomic mass) is the atomic weight (Ar) of a chemical element, as appearing and met in the earthly environment. It reflects the variance of natural isotopes (and so weight differences) of an element. Values are defined by (restricted to) the IUPAC (CIAAW) definition of natural, stable, terrestrial sources. It is the most common and practical atomic weight used, for example to determine molar mass.
The specified definition is to use many representative sources (samples) from the Earth, so that the value can widely be used as 'the' atomic weight for real life substances—for example, in pharmaceuticals and scientific research. Atomic weights are specific to single sources and samples of an element, such as the atomic weight of carbon in a particular bone from a particular archeological site. Standard atomic weight generalizes such values to the range of atomic weights which a chemist might expect to derive from many random samples from Earth. This range is the cause of the interval notation in some standard atomic weight values.
Out of the 118 known chemical elements, 84 are stable and have this Earth-environment based value. Typically, such a value is, for example helium: Ar, standard(He) = 4.002602(2). The "(2)" indicates the uncertainty in the last digit shown, to read 4.002602 ±0.000002. IUPAC also publishes abridged values, rounded to five significant figures. For helium, Ar, abridged(He) = 4.0026.
For twelve elements the samples diverge on this value, because their sample sources have had a different decay history. For example, thallium (Tl) in sedimentary rocks has a different isotopic composition than in igneous rocks and volcanic gases. For these elements, the standard atomic weight is noted as an interval: Ar, standard(Tl) = [204.38, 204.39]. With such an interval, for less demanding situations, IUPAC also publishes an conventional value. For thallium, Ar, conventional(Tl) = 204.38.