THYROID DISEASE | क्या है थायराइड? | HYPOTHYROIDISM | TREATMENT & MEDICINE | थायराइड दवा की जानकारी
Channel: PHARMAROCKS THE WAY OF SUCCESS
Date: 2020-10-28

THYROID GLAND
The thyroid gland is located on the front and sides of the trachea just below the larynx. 
Its two lobes are connected by a middle piece called the isthmus.
Butterfly shaped gland of our body
The thyroid gland uses iodine from food to make two thyroid hormones that regulate way body uses energy. 

The structural units of the thyroid gland are thyroid follicles, which produce  thyroxine T4 and  triiodothyronine T3. 
Iodine is necessary for the synthesis of these hormones; thyroxine contains four atoms of iodine, and T3 contains three atoms of iodine.
Disturbance in release of the thyroid hormone leads to thyroid disease and disorders

THYROID DISEASES
THERE ARE MAINLY TWO MAJOR THYROID DISEASE
1. Hyperthyroidism
2. Hypothyroidism

HYPERTHYROIDISM
In hyperthyroidism, an overactive thyroid gland produces excessive thyroid hormones.
Enlargement of gland

HYPOTHYROIDISM
Hypothyroidism is a hypometabolic clinical state resulting from either
1. Insufficient production of thyroid hormones for prolonged periods,
2. From resistance of the peripheral tissues to the effects of thyroid hormones rarely.

CAUSES OF HYPOTHYROIDISM
Primary
Post-ablative after surgery or radioiodine therapy
Primary idiopathic hypothyroidism
Hashimoto thyroiditis
Iodine deficiency
Congenital biosynthetic defect dyshormonogenetic goiter

Secondary
Pituitary or hypothalamic failure uncommon

HYPOTHYROIDISM COMPLICATIONS
Mainly referable to
1. Cretinism                                      
2.Myxoedema

SYMPTOMS OF HYPOTHYROIDISM
Fatigue
Increased sensitivity to cold
Constipation
Dry skin
Weight gain
Puffy face
Hoarseness
Muscle weakness
Elevated blood cholesterol level
Muscle aches, 
tenderness and stiffness
Pain, stiffness or swelling in your joints
Heavier than normal or irregular menstrual periods
Thinning hair
Slowed heart rate
Depression
Impaired memory
Enlarged thyroid gland goiter

DIAGNOSIS OF HYPOTHYROIDISM
Diagnosis of hypothyroidism is based on your symptoms and the results of blood tests that measure the level of TSH and sometimes the level of the thyroid hormone thyroxine.  
low level of thyroxine T3 & T4 and high level of TSH indicate an underactive thyroid

CRETINISM
A cretinism is a child with severe hypothyroidism present at birth or developing within first two years of postnatal life.

TREATMENT OF CRETINISM
Levothyroxine T4
Average dose 1.6 ug/kg
Age: 50-60 or cardiac disease:
must start at a low dose 25 ug/d
Recheck thyroid hormone levels every 4-6
weeks after a dose change
Aim for a normal TSH level

MYXOEDEMA
Myxoedema coma is a rare syndrome that represents the extreme expression of severe, long- standing hypothyroidism.
Common precipitating factors include :
1. Pulmonary infections,
2. Cerebrovascular accidents,
3. Congestive heart failure

TREATMENT OF MYXOEDEMA
Levothyroxine: 500 mg/day
Livothyronine: 75 mg/day
Other
Rewarming with blankets
Correction of hyponatremia
Treatment of the precipitating incident

PART-1 https://youtu.be/NK5jDV_L5PI
PART-2 https://youtu.be/yJLnmCO0Eg8

TREATMENT & MEDICINE OF HYPERTHYROIDISM

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