Water footprint | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-06-17

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_footprint


00:01:53 1 Water availability
00:03:27 2 Definition and measures
00:03:37 2.1 Blue water footprint
00:04:12 2.2 Green water footprint
00:04:39 2.3 Grey water footprint
00:05:38 2.4 Calculation for different actors
00:06:52 3 History
00:08:09 3.1 Water Footprint Network (WFN)
00:09:05 3.2 International standard
00:10:06 3.3 Life-cycle assessment of water use
00:11:24 4 Water footprint of products
00:12:19 5 Water footprint of companies
00:14:07 6 Water footprint of individual consumers
00:14:48 7 Water footprint of nations
00:16:06 7.1 Production or consumption
00:16:57 7.2 Absolute or per capita
00:18:55 7.3 Internal or external
00:21:33 8 Europe
00:22:19 9 Environmental water use
00:23:10 10 Criticism of water footprint and virtual water
00:23:22 10.1 Insufficient consideration of consequences of proposed water saving policies to farm households
00:24:07 10.2 Regional water scarcity should be taken into account when interpreting water footprint
00:25:40 11 Sustainable water use
00:26:56 12 Sectoral distributions of withdrawn water use



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SUMMARY
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The water footprint shows the extent of water use in relation to consumption by people. The water footprint of an individual, community or business is defined as the total volume of fresh water used to produce the goods and services consumed by the individual or community or produced by the business. Water use is measured in water volume consumed (evaporated) and/or polluted per unit of time. A water footprint can be calculated for any well-defined group of consumers (e.g., an individual, family, village, city, province, state or nation) or producers (e.g., a public organization, private enterprise or economic sector), for a single process (such as growing rice) or for any product or service.Traditionally, water use has been approached from the production side, by quantifying the following three columns of water use: water withdrawals in the domestic, agricultural and industrial sector. While this does provide valuable data, it is a limited way of looking at water use in a globalised world, in which products are not always consumed in their country of origin. International trade of agricultural and industrial products in effect creates a global flow of virtual water, or embodied water (akin to the concept of embodied energy).In 2002, the water footprint concept was introduced in order to have a consumption-based indicator of water use, that could provide useful information in addition to the traditional production-sector-based indicators of water use. It is analogous to the ecological footprint concept introduced in the 1990s. The water footprint is a geographically explicit indicator, not only showing volumes of water use and pollution, but also the locations. Thus, it gives a grasp on how economic choices and processes influence the availability of adequate water resources and other ecological realities across the globe (and vice versa).