Natural genetic engineering | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-07-06

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_genetic_engineering


00:01:05 1 Concept
00:03:38 2 Relation with Intelligent Design
00:06:58 3 Criticism



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SUMMARY
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Natural genetic engineering (NGE) is a class of process proposed by molecular biologist James Shapiro to account for novelty created in the course of biological evolution. Shapiro developed this work in several peer-reviewed publications from 1992 onwards, and later in his 2011 book Evolution: A View from the 21st Century. He uses NGE to account for several proposed counterexamples to the central dogma of molecular biology (the subsequently partly rejected proposal of 1970 that the direction of the flow of sequence information is only from DNA to DNA or DNA to RNA to proteins, and never the reverse). Shapiro drew from work as diverse as the adaptivity of the mammalian immune system, ciliate macronuclei and epigenetics. The work gained some measure of notoriety after being championed by proponents of Intelligent Design, despite Shapiro's explicit repudiation of that movement.