Cuban intervention in Angola | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 02/12/2018

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Cuban intervention in Angola


00:01:25 1 Background
00:01:34 1.1 Failure of the Alvor Agreement and Civil War
00:05:35 1.2 Foreign involvement
00:12:03 1.2.1 Cuba and the MPLA before the Civil War
00:16:10 1.3 South Africa intervenes
00:21:38 1.4 Cuban military mission
00:28:06 2 Cuba's first intervention
00:28:16 2.1 Operation Carlota
00:33:01 2.2 Northern front and Cabinda
00:37:10 2.3 U.S. response
00:47:06 2.4 International press coverage
00:48:17 2.5 Southern front
00:48:26 2.5.1 SADF advance is stopped
00:51:12 2.5.2 South Africa withdraws
00:55:28 2.6 Consolidation
01:00:11 2.7 Humanitarian engagement
01:02:57 3 Proxy war, UN resolutions and negotiations (late 1970s and 1980s)
01:21:32 4 Cuba's second intervention
01:21:42 4.1 Escalation of the conflict
01:24:21 4.2 Cuito Cuanavale
01:32:18 4.3 Western front
01:36:13 5 Cuba and the Three Powers Accord
01:47:23 6 Aftermath
01:50:49 7 See also



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SUMMARY
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In November 1975, on the eve of Angola's independence, Cuba launched a large-scale military intervention in support of the leftist People's Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA) against United States-backed interventions by South Africa and Zaire in support of two right-wing independence movements competing for power in the country, the National Liberation Front of Angola (FNLA) and the National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA). By the end of 1975 the Cuban military in Angola numbered more than 25,000 troops. Following the withdrawal of Zaire and South Africa, Cuban forces remained in Angola to support the MPLA government against UNITA in the continuing Angolan Civil War.
In 1988, Cuban troops intervened again to avert military disaster in a Soviet-led People's Armed Forces for the Liberation of Angola (FAPLA) offensive against UNITA, which was still supported by South Africa, leading to the Battle of Cuito Cuanavale and the opening of a second front. This turn of events is considered to have been the major impetus to the success of the ongoing peace talks leading to the New York Accords, the agreement by which Cuban and South African forces withdrew from Angola while South West Africa gained its independence from South Africa. Cuban military engagement in Angola ended in 1991, while the Angolan civil war continued until 2002.