Abstraction | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-05-07

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abstraction


00:01:09 1 Origins
00:01:42 1.1 History
00:03:29 2 Themes
00:03:38 2.1 Compression
00:05:12 2.2 Instantiation
00:06:46 2.3 Material process
00:07:44 2.4 Ontological status
00:08:26 2.5 Physicality
00:10:17 2.6 Referencing and referring
00:10:58 2.7 Simplification and ordering
00:13:39 2.8 Thought processes
00:13:55 3 As used in different disciplines
00:14:05 3.1 In art
00:15:05 3.2 In computer science
00:16:15 3.3 In general semantics
00:16:41 3.4 In history
00:17:00 3.5 In linguistics
00:17:57 3.6 In mathematics
00:18:53 3.7 In music
00:19:19 3.8 In neurology
00:20:08 3.9 In philosophy
00:20:47 3.10 In psychology
00:22:15 3.11 In social theory
00:25:31 4 See also



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SUMMARY
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Abstraction in its main sense is a conceptual process where general rules and concepts are derived from the usage and classification of specific examples, literal ("real" or "concrete") signifiers, first principles, or other methods.  
"An abstraction" is the outcome of this process—a concept that acts as a common noun for all subordinate concepts, and connects any related concepts as a group, field, or category.Conceptual abstractions may be formed by filtering the information content of a concept or an observable phenomenon,  selecting only the aspects which are relevant for a particular subjectively valued purpose. For example, abstracting a leather soccer ball to the more general idea of a ball selects only the information on general ball attributes and behavior, excluding, but not eliminating, the other phenomenal and cognitive characteristics of that particular ball. In a type–token distinction, a type (e.g., a 'ball') is more abstract than its tokens (e.g., 'that leather soccer ball').
Abstraction in its secondary use is a material process, discussed in the themes below.