Raymond Poincaré | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 06/12/2018

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Raymond Poincaré


00:01:51 1 Early years
00:02:55 2 Early political career
00:05:22 3 First premiership
00:11:28 4 Presidency
00:11:37 4.1 Pre-war
00:13:23 4.2 July Crisis
00:18:10 4.3 Later war
00:20:26 5 Second premiership
00:31:46 6 Third premiership
00:32:45 7 Resignation and Death
00:33:09 8 Family
00:33:43 9 Ministries
00:33:51 9.1 First ministry, 21 January 1912&#160;&#8211;&#32;21 January 1913
00:34:18 9.2 Second ministry, 15 January 1922&#160;&#8211;&#32;29 March 1924
00:34:42 9.3 Third ministry, 29 March&#160;&#8211;&#32;9 June 1924
00:34:55 9.4 Fourth ministry, 23 July 1926&#160;&#8211;&#32;11 November 1928
00:35:35 9.5 Fifth ministry, 11 November 1928&#160;&#8211;&#32;29 July 1929
00:35:50 10 Gallery
00:35:59 11 See also
00:36:12 12 Notes
00:36:21 13 Further reading
00:38:37 13.1 Primary sources
00:38:52 14 External links



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SUMMARY
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Raymond Nicolas Landry Poincaré (French pronunciation: ​[ʁɛmɔ̃ pwɛ̃kaʁe]; 20 August 1860 – 15 October 1934) was a French statesman who served three times as 58th Prime Minister of France, and as President of France from 1913 to 1920. He was a conservative leader, primarily committed to political and social stability.Trained in law, Poincaré was elected as a Deputy in 1887 and served in the cabinets of Dupuy and Ribot. In 1902, he co-founded the Democratic Republican Alliance, the most important centre-right party under the Third Republic, becoming Prime Minister in 1912 and serving as President of the Republic for 1913-20. He attempted to wield influence from what was normally a figurehead role, being noted for his strongly anti-German attitudes, visiting Russia in 1912 and 1914 to repair Franco-Russian relations, which had become strained over the Bosnian Crisis of 1908 and the Agadir Crisis of 1911, and playing an important role in the July Crisis of 1914. From 1917, he exercised less influence as his political rival Georges Clemenceau had become Prime Minister. At the Paris Peace Conference, he favoured Allied occupation of the Rhineland.
In 1922 Poincaré returned to power as Prime Minister. In 1923 he ordered the Occupation of the Ruhr to enforce payment of German reparations. By this time Poincaré was seen, especially in the English-speaking world, as an aggressive figure (Poincaré-la-Guerre) who had helped to cause the war in 1914 and who now favoured punitive anti-German policies. His government was defeated by the Cartel des Gauches at the elections of 1924. He served a third term as Prime Minister in 1926-9.