Autotroph | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 26/03/2019

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autotroph


00:01:41 1 History
00:02:04 2 Variants
00:02:55 3 Ecology
00:04:59 4 See also



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Voice name: en-AU-Wavenet-B


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SUMMARY
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An autotroph  or primary producer, is an organism that produces complex organic compounds (such as carbohydrates, fats, and proteins) from simple substances present in its surroundings, generally using energy from light (photosynthesis) or inorganic chemical reactions (chemosynthesis).  They are the producers in a food chain, such as plants on land or algae in water (in contrast to heterotrophs as consumers of autotrophs).  They do not need a living source of energy or organic carbon. Autotrophs can reduce carbon dioxide to make organic compounds for biosynthesis and also create a store of chemical energy.  Most autotrophs use water as the reducing agent, but some can use other hydrogen compounds such as hydrogen sulfide.  Some autotrophs, such as green plants and algae, are phototrophs, meaning that they convert electromagnetic energy from sunlight  into chemical energy in the form of reduced carbon.
Autotrophs can be photoautotrophs or chemoautotrophs. Phototrophs use light as an energy source, while chemotrophs use electron donors as a source of energy, whether from organic or inorganic sources; however in the case of autotrophs, these electron donors come from inorganic chemical sources. Such chemotrophs are lithotrophs. Lithotrophs use inorganic compounds, such as hydrogen sulfide, elemental sulfur, ammonium and ferrous iron, as reducing agents for biosynthesis and chemical energy storage. Photoautotrophs and lithoautotrophs use a portion of the ATP produced during photosynthesis or the oxidation of inorganic compounds to reduce NADP+ to NADPH to form organic compounds.