Canard (aeronautics) | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 04/10/2019

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canard_(aeronautics)


00:01:24 1 History
00:01:32 1.1 Pioneer years
00:03:30 1.2 1914 to 1945
00:05:21 1.3 Canard revival
00:07:27 1.4 Computer control
00:08:25 2 Basic design principles
00:09:02 2.1 Lift
00:11:18 2.2 Control
00:12:57 2.3 Stability
00:15:25 2.4 Trim
00:16:33 3 Variations
00:16:42 3.1 Close coupling
00:18:15 3.2 Free-floating canard
00:19:09 3.3 Variable geometry
00:20:10 3.4 Ride control
00:20:41 3.5 Stealth
00:21:21 4 See also



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SUMMARY
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A canard is an aeronautical arrangement wherein a small forewing or foreplane is placed forward of the main wing of a fixed-wing aircraft.  The term "canard" may be used to describe the aircraft itself, the wing configuration or the foreplane.The term “canard” arose from the appearance of the Santos-Dumont 14-bis of 1906, which was said to be reminiscent of a duck (canard in French) with its neck stretched out in flight.Despite the use of a canard surface on the first powered aeroplane, the Wright Flyer of 1903, canard designs were not built in quantity until the appearance of the Saab Viggen jet fighter in 1967. The aerodynamics of the canard configuration are complex and require careful analysis.

Rather than use the conventional tailplane configuration found on most aircraft, an aircraft designer may adopt the canard configuration to reduce the main wing loading, to better control the main wing airflow, or to increase the aircraft’s maneuverability, especially at high angles of attack or during a stall. Canard foreplanes, whether used in a canard or three-surface configuration, have important consequences on the aircraft’s longitudinal equilibrium, static and dynamic stability characteristics.