Property | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2018-12-15

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Property


00:02:58 1 Overview
00:08:32 1.1 Types of property
00:10:59 2 Related concepts
00:11:13 2.1 Violation
00:11:22 2.2 Miscellaneous action
00:11:31 3 Issues in property theory
00:11:41 3.1 What can be property?
00:16:38 3.2 Who can be an owner?
00:17:23 3.3 Whether and to what extent the state may interfere with property
00:19:40 4 Theories
00:23:49 5 Property in philosophy
00:24:24 5.1 Ancient philosophy
00:26:08 5.2 Medieval philosophy
00:26:17 5.2.1 Thomas Aquinas (13th century)
00:27:16 5.3 Modern philosophy
00:27:25 5.3.1 Thomas Hobbes (17th century)
00:28:08 5.3.2 James Harrington (17th century)
00:29:02 5.3.3 Robert Filmer (17th century)
00:29:37 5.3.4 John Locke (17th century)
00:32:31 5.3.5 David Hume (18th century)
00:34:17 5.3.6 Adam Smith
00:36:12 5.3.7 Karl Marx
00:37:08 5.3.8 Charles Comte – legitimate origin of property
00:38:42 5.3.9 Pierre Proudhon – property is theft
00:40:07 5.3.10 Frédéric Bastiat – property is value
00:42:03 5.3.11 Andrew J. Galambos – a precise definition of property
00:43:55 5.4 Contemporary views
00:46:10 6 See also



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SUMMARY
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Property, in the abstract, is what belongs to or with something, whether as an attribute or as a component of said thing. In the context of this article, it is one or more components (rather than attributes), whether physical or incorporeal, of a person's estate; or so belonging to, as in being owned by, a person or jointly a group of people or a legal entity like a corporation or even a society. Depending on the nature of the property, an owner of property has the right to consume, alter, share, redefine, rent, mortgage, pawn, sell, exchange, transfer, give away or destroy it, or to exclude others from doing these things, as well as to perhaps abandon it; whereas regardless of the nature of the property, the owner thereof has the right to properly use it (as a durable, mean or factor, or whatever), or at the very least exclusively keep it.
In economics and political economy, there are three broad forms of property: private property, public property, and collective property (also called cooperative property).Property that jointly belongs to more than one party may be possessed or controlled thereby in very similar or very distinct ways, whether simply or complexly, whether equally or unequally. However, there is an expectation that each party's will (rather discretion) with regard to the property be clearly defined and unconditional, so as to distinguish ownership and easement from rent. The parties might expect their wills to be unanimous, or alternately every given one of them, when no opportunity for or possibility of dispute with any other of them exists, may expect his, her, its or their own will to be sufficient and absolute.
The Restatement (First) of Property defines property as anything, tangible or intangible whereby a legal relationship between persons and the state enforces a possessory interest or legal title in that thing. This mediating relationship between individual, property and state is called a property regime.In sociology and anthropology, property is often defined as a relationship between two or more individuals and an object, in which at least one of these individuals holds a bundle of rights over the object. The distinction between "collective property" and "private property" is regarded as a confusion since different individuals often hold differing rights over a single object.Important widely recognized types of property include real property (the combination of land and any improvements to or on the land), personal property (physical possessions belonging to a person), private property (property owned by legal persons, business entities or individual natural persons), public property (state owned or publicly owned and available possessions) and intellectual property (exclusive rights over artistic creations, inventions, etc.), although the last is not always as widely recognize ...