Environmental impact of hydraulic fracturing in the United States | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 13/06/2019

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_hydraulic_fracturing_in_the_United_States


00:01:39 1 Air quality and methane emissions
00:06:50 2 Water issues
00:07:00 2.1 2015 EPA Report on Spills
00:09:29 2.2 Water usage
00:12:54 2.3 Injected fluid
00:14:56 2.4 Groundwater contamination
00:16:24 2.4.1 Incidents of contamination
00:21:30 2.5 Flowback and produced water
00:24:12 2.6 Surface water contamination
00:27:59 2.7 Radioactivity
00:36:00 2.7.1 Naturally occurring radioactive materials
00:38:37 2.7.2 Radioactive tracers
00:40:40 3 Seismicity
00:42:31 3.1 Induced seismicity from hydraulic fracturing
00:43:37 3.2 Induced seismicity from water disposal wells
00:51:36 4 Abandoned wells
00:53:08 5 Health effects
00:59:01 5.1 Worker health
01:00:24 5.1.1 Silica exposure in hydraulic fracturing
01:07:17 5.1.2 Other concerns
01:07:32 5.2 Research and lobbying
01:13:02 6 Built Environment/Infrastructure
01:15:20 7 See also



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SUMMARY
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Environmental impact of hydraulic fracturing in the United States has been an issue of public concern, and  includes the potential contamination of ground and surface water, methane emissions, air pollution,  migration of gases and hydraulic fracturing chemicals and radionuclides to the surface, the potential mishandling of solid waste, drill cuttings, increased seismicity and associated effects on human and ecosystem health.  A number of instances with groundwater contamination have been documented, however opponents of water safety regulation claim hydraulic fracturing has never caused any drinking water contamination.As early as 1987, researchers at the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) expressed concern that hydraulic fracturing might contaminate groundwater. With the growth of hydraulic fracturing in the United States in the following years, concern grew. "Public exposure to the many chemicals involved in energy development is expected to increase over the next few years, with uncertain consequences" wrote science writer Valerie Brown in 2007. It wasn't until 2010 that Congress asked the EPA to conduct a full study of the environmental impact of fracking. The study is ongoing, but the EPA released a progress report in December 2012 and released a final draft assessment report for peer review and comment in June 2015.