Carbon dioxide removal | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-06-17

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_dioxide_removal


00:03:07 1 General
00:05:54 2 Methods
00:06:04 2.1 Bio-energy with carbon capture &amp; storage
00:07:49 2.2 Biochar
00:09:43 2.3 Enhanced weathering
00:10:55 2.4 Direct air capture (DAC)
00:17:57 2.5 Ocean fertilization
00:18:34 2.6 Wooden building construction
00:19:51 3 Example COsub2/sub scrubbing chemistry
00:20:04 3.1 Calcium oxide
00:20:56 3.2 Sodium hydroxide
00:21:41 4 Direct air capture (DAC) process example using NaOH
00:24:47 5 Economic issues
00:25:59 6 Risks, problems and criticisms
00:27:01 7 See also



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SUMMARY
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Carbon dioxide removal (CDR) refers to a number of technologies of which the objective is the large-scale removal of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.  Among such technologies are bio-energy with carbon capture and storage, biochar, ocean fertilization, enhanced weathering, and direct air capture when combined with storage. CDR is a different approach than removing CO2 from the stack emissions of large fossil fuel point sources, such as power stations. The latter reduces emission to the atmosphere but cannot reduce the amount of carbon dioxide already in the atmosphere. As CDR removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, it creates negative emissions, offsetting emissions from small and dispersed point sources such as domestic heating systems, airplanes and vehicle exhausts.  It is regarded by some as a form of climate engineering, while other commentators describe it as a form of carbon capture and storage or extreme mitigation. Whether CDR would satisfy common definitions of "climate engineering" or "geoengineering" usually depends upon the scale on which it would be undertaken.
The likely need for CDR has been publicly expressed by a range of individuals and organizations involved with climate change issues, including  IPCC chief Rajendra Pachauri, the UNFCCC executive secretary Christiana Figueres, and the World Watch Institute. Institutions with major programs focusing on CDR include the Lenfest Center for Sustainable Energy at the Earth Institute, Columbia University, and the Climate Decision Making Center, an international collaboration operated out of Carnegie-Mellon University's Department of Engineering and Public Policy.
The mitigation effectiveness of air capture is limited by societal investment, land use, availability of geologic reservoirs, and leakage. The reservoirs are estimated to be sufficient for storing at least 545 gigatonnes of carbon (GtC). Storing 771 GtC would cause a 186 ppm atmospheric reduction. In order to return the atmospheric CO2 content to 350 ppm we need atmospheric reduction of 50 ppm plus an additional 2 ppm per year of current emissions.