Pour le Mérite for Arts and Sciences | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 31/12/2018

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pour_le_M%C3%A9rite


00:02:08 1 History
00:02:17 1.1 Origins
00:03:26 1.2 Military class
00:07:53 1.3 Civil class
00:10:25 2 Notable recipients
00:10:34 2.1 Recipients of the Military class
00:10:44 2.1.1 1740 to 1871
00:14:01 2.1.2 1871 to 1914
00:14:47 2.1.3 1914 to 1918 (World War I)
00:14:58 2.1.3.1 German air force
00:17:54 2.1.3.2 German army
00:22:16 2.1.3.3 German navy
00:23:39 2.2 Recipients of the Civil class
00:27:20 2.3 Recipients of both classes
00:27:55 3 Similar orders in other countries
00:29:58 4 See also



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SUMMARY
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The Pour le Mérite ([puʁ lə me.ʁit], French, literally "For Merit") is an order of merit (German: Verdienstorden) established in 1740 by King Frederick II of Prussia. The Pour le Mérite was awarded as both a military and civil honour and ranked, along with the Order of the Black Eagle, the Order of the Red Eagle and the House Order of Hohenzollern, among the highest orders of merit in the Kingdom of Prussia. After 1871, when the various German kingdoms, grand duchies, duchies, principalities and Hanseatic city states had come together under Prussian leadership to form the federally structured German Empire, the Prussian honours gradually assumed, at least in public perception, the status of honours of Imperial Germany, even though many honours of the various German states continued to be awarded.
The Pour le Mérite was an honour conferred both for military (1740–1918) and civil (1740–1810, after 1842 as a separate class) services. It was awarded strictly as a recognition of extraordinary personal achievement, rather than as a general marker of social status or a courtesy-honour, although certain restrictions of social class and military rank were applied. The order was secular, and membership endured for the remaining lifetime of the recipient, unless renounced or revoked.
New awards of the military class (known in First World War informally as the Blue Max, German: Blauer Max) ceased with the end of the Prussian monarchy in November 1918. The civil class was revived as an independent organization in 1923 (Pour le Mérite für Wissenschaften und Künste). Instead of the King of Prussia, the President of Germany acted as head of the order. After the Second World War, the civil class was re-established in 1952. This version of the Pour le Mérite is still active today. The Pour le Mérite is still an order into which a person is admitted into membership, like the United Kingdom's Order of the British Empire, and is not simply a medal or state decoration. German author Ernst Jünger, who died in 1998, was the last living recipient of the military class award.