Fossil fuel power station | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 02/10/2019

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fossil_fuel_power_station


00:02:44 1 Basic concepts: heat into mechanical energy
00:05:14 2 Plant types
00:05:24 2.1 Steam
00:06:25 2.2 Gas turbine and combined gas/steam
00:06:58 2.3 Reciprocating engines
00:08:51 3 Fuels
00:09:00 3.1 Coal
00:09:45 3.1.1 Transport and delivery
00:10:09 3.1.2 Fuel processing
00:10:26 3.2 Natural gas
00:11:00 3.3 Oil
00:11:48 4 Combined heat and power
00:12:33 5 Environmental impacts
00:14:53 5.1 Carbon dioxide
00:17:04 5.1.1 Estimation of carbon dioxide emissions
00:18:11 5.2 Particulate matter
00:18:45 5.3 Wastewater
00:19:33 5.4 Radioactive trace elements
00:22:39 5.5 Water and air contamination by coal ash
00:24:01 5.5.1 Mercury contamination
00:26:10 6 Conversion of fossil fuel power plants
00:27:47 6.1 Coal pollution mitigation
00:28:32 6.2 Running the power station on hydrogen converted from natural gas
00:29:48 7 Phase out of fossil fuel power plants
00:31:22 7.1 Relative cost by generation source
00:32:17 8 See also
00:33:21 9 References



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SUMMARY
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A fossil fuel power station is a thermal power station which burns a fossil fuel, such as coal or natural gas, to produce electricity. Fossil fuel power stations have machinery to convert the heat energy of combustion into mechanical energy, which then operates an electrical generator. The prime mover may be a steam turbine, a gas turbine or, in small plants, a reciprocating gas engine. All plants use the energy extracted from expanding gas, either steam or combustion gases. Although different energy conversion methods exist, all thermal power station conversion methods have efficiency limited by the Carnot efficiency and therefore produce waste heat.
Fossil fuel power stations provide most of the electrical energy used in the world. Some fossil-fired power stations are designed for continuous operation as baseload power plants, while other are used as peaker plants. However, starting from the 2010s, in many countries plants designed for baseload supply are being operated as dispatchable generation to balance increasing generation by variable renewable energy.By-products of fossil fuel power plant operation must be considered in their design and operation. Flue gas from combustion of the fossil fuels contains carbon dioxide and water vapor, as well as pollutants such as nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulfur oxides (SOx), and, for coal-fired plants, mercury, traces of other metals, and fly ash. Usually all of the carbon dioxide and some of the other pollution is discharged to the air. Solid waste ash from coal-fired boilers must also be removed. 
Fossil fueled power stations are major emitters of carbon dioxide (CO2), a greenhouse gas which is a major contributor to global warming.
The results of a recent study show that the net income available to shareholders of large companies could see a significant reduction from the greenhouse gas emissions liability related to only natural disasters in the United States from a single coal-fired power plant. 
However, as of 2015, no such cases have awarded damages in the United States. 
Per unit of electric energy, brown coal emits nearly twice as much CO2 as natural gas, and black coal emits somewhat less than brown. 
As of 2019 carbon capture and storage of emissions is not economically viable for fossil fuel power stations. As of 2019 keeping global warming below 1.5°C is still possible but only if no more fossil fuel power plants are built and some existing fossil fuel power plants are shut down early, together with other measures such as reforestation.