Seed | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-06-23

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seed


00:01:54 1 Seed production
00:03:20 2 Development
00:04:14 2.1 Ovule
00:06:11 2.2 Embryo
00:08:03 3 Seed coat
00:10:32 3.1 Gymnosperms
00:11:23 4 Shape and appearance
00:12:53 5 Structure
00:13:18 5.1 Seed types
00:14:05 5.2 Embryo
00:15:00 5.3 Nutrient storage
00:17:54 5.4 Seed coat
00:20:37 5.5 Size and seed set
00:22:08 6 Functions
00:22:44 6.1 Embryo nourishment
00:23:08 6.2 Dispersal
00:24:06 6.2.1 By wind (anemochory)
00:24:43 6.2.2 By water (hydrochory)
00:25:04 6.2.3 By animals (zoochory)
00:27:00 6.3 Dormancy
00:35:18 6.4 Persistence and seed banks
00:35:28 7 Germination
00:39:27 7.1 Repair of DNA damage
00:40:36 7.2 Inducing germination
00:43:46 7.3 Sterile seeds
00:44:05 7.4 Evolution and origin of seeds
00:45:13 8 Economic importance
00:45:23 8.1 Seed market
00:45:54 8.2 Edible seeds
00:47:11 8.3 Poison and food safety
00:49:10 8.4 Other uses
00:50:22 9 Seed records
00:51:43 10 In religion



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SUMMARY
=======
A seed is an embryonic plant enclosed in a protective outer covering. The formation of the seed is part of the process of reproduction in seed plants, the spermatophytes, including the gymnosperm and angiosperm plants.
Seeds are the product of the ripened ovule, after fertilization by pollen and some growth within the mother plant.  The embryo is developed from the zygote and the seed coat from the integuments of the ovule.
Seeds have been an important development in the reproduction and success of gymnosperm and angiosperm plants, relative to more primitive plants such as ferns, mosses and liverworts, which do not have seeds and use water-dependent means to propagate themselves.  Seed plants now dominate biological niches on land, from forests to grasslands both in hot and cold climates.
The term "seed" also has a general meaning that antedates the above – anything that can be sown, e.g. "seed" potatoes, "seeds" of corn or sunflower "seeds". In the case of sunflower and corn "seeds", what is sown is the seed enclosed in a shell or husk, whereas the potato is a tuber.
Many structures commonly referred to as "seeds" are actually dry fruits. Plants producing berries are called baccate. Sunflower seeds are sometimes sold commercially while still enclosed within the hard wall of the fruit, which must be split open to reach the seed. Different groups of plants have other modifications, the so-called stone fruits (such as the peach) have a hardened fruit layer (the endocarp) fused to and surrounding the actual seed. Nuts are the one-seeded, hard-shelled fruit of some plants with an indehiscent seed, such as an acorn or hazelnut.