W̳h̳o̳ ̳h̳a̳s̳ ̳g̳i̳v̳e̳n̳ ̳s̳i̳n̳g̳l̳e̳ ̳f̳a̳c̳t̳o̳r̳ ̳t̳h̳e̳o̳r̳y̳ ̳o̳f̳ ̳i̳n̳t̳e̳l̳l̳i̳g̳e̳n̳c̳e̳
Channel: BLESSING STUDY POINT
Date: 23/09/2022

एकल कारक का सिद्धांत किसने दिया है ?
Who has given single factor theory of
 intelligence ?
जवाबःः- अल्बर्ट बिने (Alfred Binet )

Alfred Binet was the first psychologist, to define intelligence. His theory is called uni or one factor theory of intelligence

Alfred Binet was the first psychologist, to define intelligence. His theory is called uni or one factor theory of intelligence. According to this theory, intelligence consists of one similar set of ability and this ability can be used to solve any or every problem in a person’s life.

Binet, also developed a test to measure intelligence. However, the data collected from this test created lots of disputes, when psychologists tried to analyze them.

Two-factor theory of intelligence

Charles Spearman proposed a two-factor theory of intelligence. This theory used factor analysis, as it’s major technique.

Factor analysis is a statistical technique, that reduces a  large number of factors, into few. This technique works, by maximizing common variance from all factors and puts them into common score.

According to this theory intelligence consist of two factors: g-factor and s-factor

G-factor: g-factor or general factor, is a mental operation that is common and primary, to all intellectual performance.

S-factor: S-factor or specific factors, are the factors present in specific abilities. For example, excellent singers, architects and athletes are high in  g-factor, but in addition to that they are, also high on s-factor, which helps them to excel in their respective domains.

Theory of primary mental abilities

Louis Thurston, proposed is theory of intelligence. According to this theory, intelligence consist of 7 primary abilities, which are independent of one another. The following are these abilities:

Verbal comprehension: understanding meaning of words, concepts and ideas.

Numerical abilities: understanding, high speed in solving mathematical problems.

Spatial relations: visualizing art and patterns

Perceptual speed: perceiving details easily and in speed

Word fluency: fluent in using words

Memory: recalling information

Inductive reasoning:

Triarchic theory of intelligence

Robert Sternberg is the pioneer of this theory. According to this theory, people have, three types of intelligence. They are as following:

Componential intelligence or analytical intelligence:

People high on this intelligence think analytically  and critically, in order to solve their problems. This intelligence has the following three components:

Knowledge acquisition: This component is responsible for encoding, combining and comparing information.

Meta or higher order component: It involves planning, how to do things and how to do things.

Performance: This component involves actually performing the act.  

So, people high on this intelligence usually succeed in school.

Experiential intelligence or creative intelligence:

People high on this intelligence use their knowledge, from past events in solving the current problems in life. The core component of their thinking is, originality and new.

They can easily also, integrate information from different events to create solution to problem.

Contextual intelligence or practical intelligence:

 intelligence, easily adapt to their environment or can easily modify their environment. They also, have all abilities that one needs to encounter daily problems in life. Therefore, they are successful in life.

PASS model of intelligence

This model of intelligence has been developed by, J.P Das, Jack Nilgeri and Kirby, in 1994. This model describes three activities involved in the intellectual functioning, of the person. These activities, are independent of one another.