Gravitational waves | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 04/10/2019

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitational_wave


00:02:10 1 Introduction
00:05:08 2 History
00:10:57 3 Effects of passing
00:14:52 4 Sources
00:16:58 4.1 Binaries
00:20:03 4.1.1 Compact binaries
00:22:22 4.2 Black hole binaries
00:22:52 4.3 Supernovae
00:23:50 4.4 Spinning neutron stars
00:24:38 4.5 Inflation
00:25:15 5 Properties and behaviour
00:25:24 5.1 Energy, momentum, and angular momentum
00:26:50 5.2 Redshifting
00:27:20 5.3 Quantum gravity, wave-particle aspects, and graviton
00:28:30 5.4 Significance for study of the early universe
00:29:17 5.5 Determining direction of travel
00:30:23 6 Gravitational wave astronomy
00:32:56 7 Detection
00:33:05 7.1 Indirect detection
00:36:18 7.2 Difficulties
00:36:37 7.3 Ground-based detectors
00:37:32 7.3.1 Resonant antennae
00:40:23 7.3.2 Interferometers
00:43:20 7.3.3 Einstein@Home
00:44:23 7.4 Space-based interferometers
00:45:05 7.5 Using pulsar timing arrays
00:47:11 7.6 Primordial
00:47:40 7.7 LIGO and Virgo observations
00:50:38 8 In fiction



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SUMMARY
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Gravitational waves are disturbances in the curvature of spacetime, generated by accelerated masses, that propagate as waves outward from their source at the speed of light. They were proposed by Henri Poincaré in 1905 and subsequently predicted in 1916 by Albert Einstein on the basis of his general theory of relativity. Gravitational waves transport energy as gravitational radiation, a form of radiant energy similar to electromagnetic radiation. Newton's law of universal gravitation, part of classical mechanics, does not provide for their existence, since that law is predicated on the assumption that physical interactions propagate instantaneously (at infinite speed) –  showing one of the ways the methods of classical physics are unable to explain phenomena associated with relativity.
Gravitational-wave astronomy is a branch of observational astronomy that uses gravitational waves to collect observational data about sources of detectable gravitational waves such as binary star systems composed of white dwarfs, neutron stars, and black holes; and events such as supernovae, and the formation of the early universe shortly after the Big Bang.
In 1993, Russell A. Hulse and Joseph H. Taylor, Jr. received the Nobel Prize in Physics for the discovery and observation of the Hulse-Taylor binary pulsar, which offered the first indirect evidence of the existence of gravitational waves.On 11 February 2016, the LIGO and Virgo Scientific Collaboration announced they had made the first direct observation of gravitational waves. The observation was made five months earlier, on 14 September 2015, using the Advanced LIGO detectors. The gravitational waves originated from a pair of merging black holes. After the initial announcement the LIGO instruments detected two more confirmed, and one potential, gravitational wave events. In August 2017, the two LIGO instruments and the Virgo instrument observed a fourth gravitational wave from merging black holes, and a fifth gravitational wave from a binary neutron star merger. Several other gravitational wave detectors are planned or under construction.In 2017, the Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to Rainer Weiss, Kip Thorne and Barry Barish for their role in the direct detection of gravitational waves.