Islamic calendar | Wikipedia audio article
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Date: 2018-11-25

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Islamic calendar

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SUMMARY
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The Islamic, Muslim, or Hijri calendar (Arabic: التقويم الهجري‎ at-taqwīm al-hijrī) is a lunar calendar consisting of 12 months in a year of 354 or 355 days. It is used in Muslim countries to determine the proper days of Islamic holidays and rituals, such as the annual period of fasting and the proper time for the pilgrimage to Mecca. In everyday life of these countries the  Gregorian calendar is used. Rents, wages etc. are paid by the Gregorian calendar, which is also used for agriculture if no traditional solar calendars are used for this purpose like the Berber calendar or the Coptic Calendar, because a lunar calendar is not suited for agricultural work.
The Islamic calendar employs the Hijri era whose epoch was retrospectively established as the Islamic New Year of 622 AD/CE. During that year, Muhammad and his followers migrated from Mecca to Yathrib (now Medina) and established the first Muslim community (ummah), an event commemorated as the Hijra. In the West, dates in this era are usually denoted AH (Latin: Anno Hegirae, "in the year of the Hijra") in parallel with the Christian (AD), Common (CE) and Jewish eras (AM). In Muslim countries, it is also sometimes denoted as H from its Arabic form (سَنة هِجْريّة, abbreviated هـ). In English, years prior to the Hijra are reckoned as BH ("Before the Hijra").The current Islamic year is 1440 AH. In the Gregorian calendar, 1440 AH runs from approximately 11 September 2018 to 30 August 2019.