Mamluk Sultanate (Cairo) | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-10-04

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamluk_Sultanate_(Cairo)


00:01:29 1 Name
00:03:01 2 History
00:03:10 2.1 Origins
00:05:59 2.2 Rise to power
00:06:08 2.2.1 Conflict with the Ayyubids
00:09:23 2.2.2 Factional power struggles
00:15:34 2.3 Bahri rule
00:15:43 2.3.1 Reign of Baybars
00:20:46 2.3.2 Early Qalawuni period
00:25:00 2.3.3 Third reign of an-Nasir Muhammad
00:28:12 2.3.4 End of the Bahri regime
00:32:04 2.4 Burji rule
00:32:12 2.4.1 Reign of Barquq
00:35:41 2.4.2 Crises and restoration of state power
00:37:51 2.4.3 Reign of Barsbay
00:40:13 2.5 Fall
00:42:42 3 Society
00:42:50 3.1 Language
00:45:31 3.2 Religion
00:45:39 3.2.1 Muslim community
00:49:36 3.2.2 Christian and Jewish communities
00:52:59 3.3 Bedouin relationship with the state
00:55:57 4 Government
00:57:05 4.1 Authority of the sultan
01:01:41 4.2 Role of the caliph
01:03:01 4.3 Military and administrative hierarchy
01:07:22 5 Economy
01:09:17 5.1 iIqtaʿ/i system
01:12:40 5.2 Agriculture
01:15:00 5.3 Trade and industry
01:17:58 6 List of sultans
01:18:07 7 See also



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SUMMARY
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The Mamluk Sultanate (Arabic: سلطنة المماليك‎, romanized: Salṭanat al-Mamālīk) was a medieval realm spanning Egypt, the Levant, and Hejaz. It lasted from the overthrow of the Ayyubid dynasty until the Ottoman conquest of Egypt in 1517. Historians have traditionally broken the era of Mamlūk rule into two periods—one covering 1250–1382, the other, 1382–1517. Western historians call the former the "Baḥrī" period and the latter the "Burjī" due to the political dominance of the regimes known by these names during the respective eras. Contemporary Muslim historians refer to the same divisions as the "Turkic" and "Circassian" periods in order to stress the change in the ethnic origins of the majority of Mamlūks.The Mamlūk state reached its height under Turkic rule with Arabic culture and then fell into a prolonged phase of decline under the Circassians. The sultanate's ruling caste was composed of Mamluks, soldiers of predominantly Cuman-Kipchaks (from Crimea), Circassian, Abkhazian, Oghuz Turks and Georgian slave origin. While Mamluks were purchased, their status was above ordinary slaves, who were not allowed to carry weapons or perform certain tasks. Mamluks were considered to be "true lords", with social status above citizens of Egypt. Though it declined towards the end of its existence, at its height the sultanate represented the zenith of medieval Egyptian and Levantine political, economic, and cultural glory in the Islamic Golden Age.