New World Order (political) | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-06-16

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_world_order_(politics)


00:02:10 1 Historical usage
00:05:09 2 Post-Cold War "new world order"
00:06:32 2.1 Mikhail Gorbachev's formulation
00:13:26 2.2 Malta Conference
00:16:25 2.3 Gulf War and Bush's formulation
00:26:17 2.3.1 Presaging the Iraq War of 2003
00:28:30 2.4 Following the Persian Gulf War
00:36:20 2.5 Viewed in retrospect
00:41:21 3 Recent political usage
00:47:15 4 See also
00:47:56 5 References and Notes



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SUMMARY
=======
The term "new world order" has been used to refer to any new period of history evidencing a dramatic change in world political thought and the balance of power. Despite various interpretations of this term, it is primarily associated with the ideological notion of global governance only in the sense of new collective efforts to identify, understand, or address worldwide problems that go beyond the capacity of individual nation-states to solve.
The phrase "new world order" or similar language was used in the period toward the end of the First World War in relation to Woodrow Wilson's vision for international peace; Wilson called for a League of Nations to prevent aggression and conflict. The phrase was used sparingly at the end of World War II when describing the plans for the United Nations and the Bretton Woods system partly because of its negative associations with the failed League of Nations. However, many commentators have applied the term retroactively to the order put in place by the World War II victors as a "new world order."
The most widely discussed application of the phrase of recent times came at the end of the Cold War. Presidents Mikhail Gorbachev and George H. W. Bush used the term to try to define the nature of the post-Cold War era and the spirit of great power cooperation that they hoped might materialize. Gorbachev's initial formulation was wide-ranging and idealistic, but his ability to press for it was severely limited by the internal crisis of the Soviet system. In comparison, Bush's vision was not less circumscribed: "A hundred generations have searched for this elusive path to peace, while a thousand wars raged across the span of human endeavor. Today that new world is struggling to be born, a world quite different from the one we've known". However, given the new unipolar status of the United States, Bush's vision was realistic in saying that "there is no substitute for American leadership". The Gulf War of 1991 was regarded as the first test of the new world order: "Now, we can see a new world coming into view. A world in which there is the very real prospect of a new world order. [...] The Gulf war put this new world to its first test".