Cancer | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2018-12-08

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Cancer


00:03:37 1 Definitions
00:04:40 2 Signs and symptoms
00:05:24 2.1 Local symptoms
00:06:20 2.2 Systemic symptoms
00:06:58 2.3 Metastasis
00:07:49 3 Causes
00:09:10 3.1 Chemicals
00:10:37 3.2 Diet and exercise
00:12:07 3.3 Infection
00:13:20 3.4 Radiation
00:15:19 3.5 Heredity
00:16:50 3.6 Physical agents
00:19:00 3.7 Hormones
00:20:43 3.8 Autoimmune diseases
00:21:36 4 Pathophysiology
00:21:45 4.1 Genetics
00:26:06 4.2 Epigenetics
00:30:42 4.3 Metastasis
00:31:35 5 Diagnosis
00:32:39 6 Classification
00:34:59 7 Prevention
00:35:56 7.1 Dietary
00:37:14 7.2 Medication
00:38:53 7.3 Vaccination
00:39:28 8 Screening
00:41:00 8.1 Recommendations
00:41:08 8.1.1 U.S. Preventive Services Task Force
00:42:24 8.1.2 Japan
00:42:37 8.2 Genetic testing
00:43:02 9 Management
00:43:32 9.1 Chemotherapy
00:45:33 9.2 Radiation
00:46:44 9.3 Surgery
00:47:21 9.4 Palliative care
00:49:07 9.5 Immunotherapy
00:49:30 9.6 Laser therapy
00:50:35 9.7 Alternative medicine
00:51:30 10 Prognosis
00:53:25 11 Epidemiology
00:56:19 12 History
00:58:42 13 Society and culture
01:02:59 13.1 Economic effect
01:03:52 13.2 Workplace
01:04:41 14 Research
01:07:07 15 Pregnancy
01:09:18 16 Other animals
01:10:14 17 Notes
01:10:23 18 Further reading
01:10:32 19 External links



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SUMMARY
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Cancer is a group of diseases involving abnormal cell growth with the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body. These contrast with benign tumors, which do not spread to other parts of the body. Possible signs and symptoms include a lump, abnormal bleeding, prolonged cough, unexplained weight loss and a change in bowel movements. While these symptoms may indicate cancer, they may have other causes. Over 100 types of cancers affect humans.Tobacco use is the cause of about 22% of cancer deaths. Another 10% are due to obesity, poor diet, lack of physical activity or excessive drinking of alcohol. Other factors include certain infections, exposure to ionizing radiation and environmental pollutants. In the developing world, 15% of cancers are due to infections such as Helicobacter pylori, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, human papillomavirus infection, Epstein–Barr virus and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). These factors act, at least partly, by changing the genes of a cell. Typically, many genetic changes are required before cancer develops. Approximately 5–10% of cancers are due to inherited genetic defects from a person's parents. Cancer can be detected by certain signs and symptoms or screening tests. It is then typically further investigated by medical imaging and confirmed by biopsy.Many cancers can be prevented by not smoking, maintaining a healthy weight, not drinking too much alcohol, eating plenty of vegetables, fruits and whole grains, vaccination against certain infectious diseases, not eating too much processed and red meat and avoiding too much sunlight exposure. Early detection through screening is useful for cervical and colorectal cancer. The benefits of screening in breast cancer are controversial. Cancer is often treated with some combination of radiation therapy, surgery, chemotherapy and targeted therapy. Pain and symptom management are an important part of care. Palliative care is particularly important in people with advanced disease. The chance of survival depends on the type of cancer and extent of disease at the start of treatment. In children under 15 at diagnosis, the five-year survival rate in the developed world is on average 80%. For cancer in the United States, the average five-year survival rate is 66%.In 2015, about 90.5 million people had cancer. About 14.1 million new cases occur a year (not including skin cancer other than melanoma). It caused about 8.8 million deaths (15.7% of deaths). The most common types of cancer in males are lung cancer, prostate cancer, colorectal cancer and stomach cancer. In females, the most common types are breast cancer, colorectal cancer, lung cancer and cervica ...