Carbon footprint | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 06/05/2019

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_footprint


00:03:06 1 Measuring carbon footprints
00:06:40 2 Direct carbon emissions
00:07:42 3 Indirect carbon emissions
00:08:36 4 Ways to reduce personal carbon footprint
00:14:44 5 SDG Handprint Lab
00:15:44 6 Ways to reduce industry's carbon footprint
00:18:14 7 Schemes to reduce carbon emissions: Kyoto Protocol, carbon offsetting, and certificates
00:19:29 7.1 Mandatory market mechanisms
00:22:26 7.2 Voluntary market mechanisms
00:26:33 8 Average carbon footprint per person by country
00:28:19 9 The carbon footprints of energy
00:28:52 9.1 Passenger transport
00:31:19 9.1.1 Flight
00:31:48 9.1.2 Road
00:33:20 9.1.3 Rail
00:34:55 9.1.4 Sea
00:35:24 10 The carbon footprints of products
00:36:18 10.1 Food
00:38:25 10.2 Textiles
00:39:15 10.3 Materials
00:40:11 10.4 Cement
00:40:40 11 See also



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SUMMARY
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A carbon footprint is historically defined as the total emissions caused by an individual, event, organization, or product, expressed as carbon dioxide equivalent. Greenhouse gases (GHGs), including carbon dioxide, can be emitted through land clearance and the production and consumption of food, fuels, manufactured goods, materials, wood, roads, buildings, transportation and other services.In most cases, the total carbon footprint cannot be exactly calculated because of inadequate knowledge of and data about the complex interactions between contributing processes, including the influence of natural processes that store or release carbon dioxide. For this reason, Wright, Kemp, and Williams, have suggested to define the carbon footprint as:

A measure of the total amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) emissions of a defined population, system or activity, considering all relevant sources, sinks and storage within the spatial and temporal boundary of the population, system or activity of interest. Calculated as carbon dioxide equivalent using the relevant 100-year global warming potential (GWP100).  Most of the carbon footprint emissions for the average U.S. household come from "indirect" sources, e.g. fuel burned to produce goods far away from the final consumer. These are distinguished from emissions which come from burning fuel directly in one's car or stove, commonly referred to as "direct" sources of the consumer's carbon footprint.The concept name of the carbon footprint originates from ecological footprint, discussion, which was developed by William E. Rees and Mathis Wackernagel in the 1990s. This accounting approach compares how much people demand compared to what the planet can renew. This allows to assess the number of "earths" that would be required if everyone on the planet consumed resources at the same level as the person calculating their ecological footprint. The carbon Footprint is one part of the ecological footprint. The carbon part was popularized by a large campaign of BP in 2005. In 2007, carbon footprint was used as a measure of carbon emissions to develop the energy plan for City of Lynnwood, Washington. Carbon footprints are more focused than ecological footprints since they measure merely emissions of gases that cause climate change into the atmosphere.
Carbon footprint is one of a family of footprint indicators, which also includes water footprint and land footprint.