Electro-optical MASINT | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 14/01/2019

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electro-optical_MASINT


00:05:31 1 Airborne electro-optical missile tracking MASINT
00:06:52 2 Tactical counter-artillery sensors
00:07:30 2.1 Purple Hawk
00:07:58 2.2 Rocket launch spotter
00:11:48 3 Infrared MASINT
00:13:47 4 Optical measurement of nuclear explosions
00:15:50 5 Schlieren Photography
00:16:59 6 Laser MASINT
00:18:51 7 Spectroscopic MASINT
00:24:01 7.1 Multispectral MASINT
00:24:27 7.2 Hyperspectral MASINT
00:25:21 7.2.1 Design issues
00:26:58 7.2.2 Sensors
00:28:36 7.2.3 Signature libraries
00:29:36 7.2.4 Applications
00:31:02 7.2.4.1 Minefield detection
00:31:34 7.2.4.2 Underground construction
00:32:35 7.2.4.3 Urban spectral target detection
00:33:16 7.2.4.4 Mass graves
00:34:08 7.2.4.5 Ground order-of-battle target detection
00:34:45 7.2.4.6 Biomass estimation
00:35:21 8 Space-based staring infrared sensors
00:36:35 9 Shallow water operations



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SUMMARY
=======
Electro-optical MASINT is a subdiscipline of Measurement and Signature Intelligence, (MASINT) and refers to intelligence gathering activities which bring together disparate elements that do not fit within the definitions of Signals Intelligence (SIGINT), Imagery Intelligence (IMINT), or Human Intelligence (HUMINT).
Electro-optical MASINT has similarities to IMINT, but is distinct from it. IMINT's primary goal is to create a picture, composed of visual elements understandable to a trained user. Electro-optical MASINT helps validate that picture, so that, for example, the analyst can tell if an area of green is vegetation or camouflage paint. Electro-optical MASINT also generates information on phenomena that emit, absorb, or reflect electromagnetic energy in the infrared, visible light, or ultraviolet spectra, phenomena where a "picture" is less important than the amount or type of energy reported. For example, a class of satellites, originally intended to give early warning of rocket launches based on the heat of their exhaust, reports energy wavelengths and strength as a function of location(s). There would be no value, in this specific context, to seeing a photograph of the flames coming out of the rocket.
Subsequently, when the geometry between the rocket exhaust and the sensor permits a clear view of the exhaust, IMINT would give a visual or infrared picture of its shape, while electro-optical MASINT would give, either as a list of coordinates with characteristics, or a "false-color" image, the temperature distribution, and spectroscopic information on its composition.
In other words, MASINT may give warning before characteristics visible to IMINT are clear, or it may help validate or understand the pictures taken by IMINT.
MASINT techniques are not limited to the United States, but the U.S. distinguishes MASINT sensors from others more than do other nations. According to the United States Department of Defense, MASINT is technically derived intelligence (excluding traditional imagery IMINT and signals intelligence SIGINT) that – when collected, processed, and analyzed by dedicated MASINT systems – results in intelligence that detects, tracks, identifies, or describes the signatures (distinctive characteristics) of fixed or dynamic target sources.  MASINT was recognized as a formal intelligence discipline in 1986. Another way to describe MASINT is "a 'non-literal' discipline. It feeds on a target's unintended emissive byproducts, the 'trails' of thermal energy, chemical or radio frequency emission that an object leaves in its wake. These trails form distinct signatures, which can be exploited as reliable discriminators to characterize specific events or disclose hidden targets".As with many branches of MASINT, specific techniques may overlap with the six major conceptual disciplines of MASINT defined by the Center for MAS ...