Hindu–German Conspiracy | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 16/12/2018

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Hindu–German Conspiracy


00:02:24 1 Background
00:03:28 1.1 Indian revolutionary underground
00:09:24 1.2 Ghadar Party
00:12:39 1.3 Germany and the Berlin Committee
00:14:51 2 Conspiracy
00:18:14 2.1 East Asia
00:20:41 2.2 Europe and United States
00:25:57 2.3 Pan-Indian mutiny
00:27:46 2.4 February 1915
00:30:59 2.5 Christmas Day Plot
00:37:16 2.6 Afghanistan and the Middle East
00:45:05 3 Counter intelligence
00:45:56 3.1 In Asia
00:48:28 3.2 In Europe and the Middle East
00:51:19 3.3 In the United States
00:53:16 4 Trials
00:55:47 5 Impact
00:56:42 5.1 Political impact
01:00:38 5.2 International relations
01:05:07 5.3 Ghadar Party and IIC
01:06:22 5.4 World War II
01:07:47 6 Commemoration
01:09:37 7 Note on the name
01:11:46 8 See also
01:11:57 9 Further reading
01:12:23 10 Notes and references



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SUMMARY
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The Hindu–German Conspiracy(Note on the name) was a series of plans between 1914 and 1917 by Indian nationalist groups to attempt Pan-Indian rebellion against the British Raj during World War I, formulated between the Indian revolutionary underground and exiled or self-exiled nationalists who formed, in the United States, the Ghadar Party,  and in Germany, the Indian independence committee, in the decade preceding the Great War. The conspiracy was drawn up at the beginning of the war, with extensive support from the German Foreign Office, the German consulate in San Francisco, as well as some support from Ottoman Turkey and the Irish republican movement. The most prominent plan attempted to foment unrest and trigger a Pan-Indian mutiny in the British Indian Army from Punjab to Singapore. This plot was planned to be executed in February 1915 with the aim of overthrowing British rule over the Indian subcontinent. The February mutiny was ultimately thwarted when British intelligence infiltrated the Ghadarite movement and arrested key figures. Mutinies in smaller units and garrisons within India were also crushed.
Other related events include the 1915 Singapore Mutiny, the Annie Larsen arms plot, the Jugantar–German plot, the German mission to Kabul, the mutiny of the Connaught Rangers in India, as well as, by some accounts, the Black Tom explosion in 1916. Parts of the conspiracy included efforts to subvert the British Indian Army in the Middle Eastern theatre of World War I.
The Indo-German alliance and the conspiracy were the target of a worldwide British intelligence effort, which was successful in preventing further attempts. American intelligence agencies arrested key figures in the aftermath of the Annie Larsen affair in 1917. The conspiracy resulted in the Lahore conspiracy case trials in India as well as the Hindu–German Conspiracy Trial—at the time the longest and most expensive trial ever held in the United States.This series of events was consequential to the Indian independence movement. Though largely subdued by the end of World War I, it came to be a major factor in reforming the Raj's Indian policy. Similar efforts were made during World War II in Germany and in Japanese-controlled Southeast Asia, where Subhas Chandra Bose formed the Indische Legion and the Indian National Army respectively, and in Italy where Mohammad Iqbal Shedai formed the Battaglione Azad Hindoustan.