Internationalization | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 23/12/2018

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internationalization


00:00:18 1 Entrepreneurs and enterprises
00:01:07 2 Trade theories
00:01:16 2.1 Absolute cost advantage i(Adam Smith, 1776)/i
00:02:03 2.2 Comparative cost advantage i(David Ricardo, 1817)/i
00:02:52 2.3 Gravity model of trade i(Walter Isard, 1954)/i
00:04:35 2.4 Heckscher-Ohlin model i(Eli Heckscher, 1966 &amp; Bertil Ohlin, 1952)/i
00:05:32 2.5 Leontief paradox i(Wassily Leontief, 1954)/i
00:06:16 2.6 Linder hypothesis i(Staffan Burenstam Linder, 1961)/i
00:06:56 2.7 Location theory
00:07:37 2.8 Market imperfection theory i(Stephen Hymer, 1976 &amp; Charles P. Kindleberger, 1969 &amp; Richard E. Caves, 1971)/i
00:09:52 2.9 New Trade Theory
00:10:35 2.10 Specific factors model
00:10:57 3 Traditional approaches
00:11:07 3.1 Diamond model i(Michael Porter)/i
00:11:52 3.2 Diffusion of innovations i(Rogers, 1962)/i
00:12:24 3.3 Eclectic paradigm i(John H. Dunning)/i
00:13:29 3.4 Foreign direct investment theory
00:14:31 3.5 Monopolistic advantage theory i(Stephen Hymer)/i
00:18:00 3.6 Non-availability approach i(Irving B. Kravis, 1956)/i
00:18:42 3.7 Technology gap theory of trade i(Michael Posner)/i
00:19:18 3.8 Uppsala model
00:20:04 4 Further theories
00:20:14 4.1 Contingency theory
00:20:53 4.2 Contract theory
00:21:20 4.3 Economy of scale
00:21:50 4.4 Internalisation theory i(Peter J. Buckley &amp; Mark Casson, 1976; Rugman, 1981)/i
00:22:01 4.5 Product life-cycle theory
00:22:36 4.6 Transaction cost theory
00:23:53 4.7 Theory of the growth of the firm i(Edith Penrose, 1959)/i
00:24:33 5 See also



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SUMMARY
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In economics, internationalization is the process of increasing involvement of enterprises in international markets, although there is no agreed definition of internationalization. There are several internationalization theories which try to explain why there are international activities.