Medical sciences | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-01-14

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medicine


00:02:17 1 Etymology
00:02:46 2 Clinical practice
00:10:57 3 Institutions
00:13:41 3.1 Delivery
00:17:09 4 Branches
00:19:18 4.1 Basic sciences
00:23:42 4.2 Specialties
00:26:09 4.2.1 Surgical specialty
00:28:26 4.2.2 Internal specialty
00:31:29 4.2.3 Diagnostic specialties
00:35:12 4.2.4 Other major specialties
00:39:18 4.3 Interdisciplinary fields
00:45:37 5 Education and legal controls
00:49:05 6 Medical ethics
00:51:42 7 History
00:51:51 7.1 Ancient world
00:55:58 7.2 Middle Ages
01:01:55 7.3 Modern
01:07:08 8 Traditional medicine



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SUMMARY
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Medicine is the science and practice of the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of disease. Medicine encompasses a variety of health care practices evolved to maintain and restore health by the prevention and treatment of illness. Contemporary medicine applies biomedical sciences, biomedical research, genetics, and medical technology to diagnose, treat, and prevent injury and disease, typically through pharmaceuticals or surgery, but also through therapies as diverse as psychotherapy, external splints and traction, medical devices, biologics, and ionizing radiation, amongst others.Medicine has existed for thousands of years, during most of which it was an art (an area of skill and knowledge) frequently having connections to the religious and philosophical beliefs of local culture. For example, a medicine man would apply herbs and say prayers for healing, or an ancient philosopher and physician would apply bloodletting according to the theories of humorism. In recent centuries, since the advent of modern science, most medicine has become a combination of art and science (both basic and applied, under the umbrella of medical science). While stitching technique for sutures is an art learned through practice, the knowledge of what happens at the cellular and molecular level in the tissues being stitched arises through science.
Prescientific forms of medicine are now known as traditional medicine and folk medicine. They remain commonly used with or instead of scientific medicine and are thus called alternative medicine. For example, evidence on the effectiveness of acupuncture is "variable and inconsistent" for any condition, but is generally safe when done by an appropriately trained practitioner. In contrast, treatments outside the bounds of safety and efficacy are termed quackery.