Taiga | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-06-27

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taiga


00:02:10 1 Climate and geography
00:10:45 2 Soils
00:11:55 3 Flora
00:18:26 4 Fauna
00:22:41 5 Fire
00:29:08 6 Threats
00:29:18 6.1 Human activities
00:31:37 6.2 Climate change
00:34:02 6.3 Insects
00:34:33 6.4 Pollution
00:37:34 7 Protection
00:39:16 8 Natural disturbance
00:42:47 9 Taiga ecoregions
00:42:57 10 See also



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SUMMARY
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Taiga (; Russian: тайга́, IPA: [tɐjˈɡa]; relates to Mongolic and Turkic languages), generally referred to in North America as boreal forest or snow forest, is a biome characterized by coniferous forests consisting mostly of pines, spruces, and larches.
The taiga or boreal forest is the world's largest land biome. In North America, it covers most of inland Canada, Alaska, and parts of the northern contiguous United States. In Eurasia, it covers most of Sweden, Finland, much of Norway and Estonia, some of the Scottish Highlands, some lowland/coastal areas of Iceland, much of Russia from Karelia in the west to the Pacific Ocean (including much of Siberia), and areas of northern Kazakhstan, northern Mongolia, and northern Japan (on the island of Hokkaidō). However, the main tree species, the length of the growing season and summer temperatures vary. For example, the taiga of North America mostly consists of spruces; Scandinavian and Finnish taiga consists of a mix of spruce, pines and birch; Russian taiga has spruces, pines and larches depending on the region, while the Eastern Siberian taiga is a vast larch forest.
A different use of the term taiga is often encountered in the English language, with "boreal forest" used in the United States and Canada to refer to only the more southerly part of the biome, while "taiga" is used to describe the more barren areas of the northernmost part of the biome approaching the tree line and the tundra biome. Hoffman (1958) discusses the origin of this differential use in North America and why it is an inappropriate differentiation of the Russian term. Although at high elevations taiga grades into alpine tundra through Krummholz, it is not exclusively an alpine biome; and unlike subalpine forest, much of taiga is lowlands.