Philippe Pétain | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2018-12-02

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Philippe Pétain


00:01:50 1 Early life
00:01:59 1.1 Youth and family
00:02:36 1.2 Personal life
00:03:35 2 Early military career
00:05:05 3 First World War
00:05:14 3.1 Beginning of war
00:06:00 3.2 Battle of Verdun
00:07:35 3.3 Mutiny
00:09:22 3.4 End of war
00:11:29 4 Between the wars
00:11:38 4.1 Respected hero of France
00:13:56 4.2 Rif War
00:14:43 4.3 Vocal critic of defence policy
00:16:50 4.4 Election to the iAcadémie française/i
00:18:38 4.5 Minister of War
00:20:43 4.6 Critic of government policy
00:25:37 5 Battle of France
00:25:46 5.1 Return into government
00:28:32 5.2 Fall of France
00:32:34 5.3 Pétain replaces Reynaud
00:34:26 6 Chief of Vichy France
00:34:36 6.1 Signature of the armistice
00:37:03 6.2 Installation of Vichy France
00:40:35 6.3 State collaboration with Germany
00:43:50 6.4 Exile to Sigmaringen
00:44:46 7 Postwar life
00:44:55 7.1 Trial in High Court
00:46:40 7.2 Imprisonment and death
00:49:07 8 Legacy
00:49:16 8.1 Pétain's coffin
00:49:47 8.2 Eponymy
00:50:18 8.3 New York Canyon of Heroes
00:50:44 9 1st ministry, 16 June – 12 July 1940
00:51:23 10 2nd ministry (Laval), 12 July – 13 December 1940
00:52:39 11 3rd ministry (Flandin), 13 December 1940 – 9 February 1941
00:54:06 12 4th ministry (Darlan), 9 February 1941 – 18 April 1942
00:55:32 13 See also



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SUMMARY
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Henri Philippe Benoni Omer Joseph Pétain (24 April 1856 – 23 July 1951), generally known as Philippe Pétain (French: [fi.lip pe.tɛ̃]), Marshal Pétain (Maréchal Pétain) and The Old Marshal (Le Vieux Maréchal), was a French general officer who attained the position of Marshal of France at the end of World War I, during which he became known as 'The Lion of Verdun', and in World War II served as the Chief of State of Vichy France from 1940 to 1944. Pétain, who was 84 years old in 1940, ranks as France's oldest head of state. Today he is widely regarded as a Nazi collaborator, the French equivalent of his contemporary Vidkun Quisling of Norway.During World War I Pétain led the French Army to victory at the nine month long Battle of Verdun. After the failed Nivelle Offensive and subsequent mutinies he was appointed Commander-in-Chief and succeeded in repairing the army's confidence. Pétain remained in command throughout the war and emerged as a national hero. During the interwar period he was head of the peacetime French Army, commanded joint Franco-Spanish operations during the Rif War and served twice as a government Minister.
With the imminent Fall of France in June 1940 in World War II, Pétain was appointed Prime Minister of France by President Lebrun at Bordeaux, and the Cabinet resolved to make peace with Germany.  The entire government subsequently moved briefly to Clermont-Ferrand, then to the spa town of Vichy in central France.  His government voted to transform the discredited French Third Republic into the French State, an authoritarian regime aligned with Germany.
After the war, Pétain was tried and convicted for treason.  He was originally sentenced to death, but due to his age and World War I service his sentence was commuted to life in prison and he died in 1951.