Electromagnetic radiation | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2018-12-08

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Electromagnetic radiation


00:03:52 1 Physics
00:04:01 1.1 Theory
00:04:09 1.1.1 Maxwell’s equations
00:05:52 1.1.2 Near and far fields
00:10:31 1.2 Properties
00:13:40 1.3 Wave model
00:17:35 1.4 Particle model and quantum theory
00:21:38 1.5 Wave–particle duality
00:22:17 1.6 Wave and particle effects of electromagnetic radiation
00:24:07 1.7 Propagation speed
00:25:34 1.8 Special theory of relativity
00:26:20 2 History of discovery
00:27:28 3 Electromagnetic spectrum
00:31:23 3.1 Interactions as a function of frequency
00:33:33 3.1.1 Radio and microwave
00:33:51 3.1.2 Infrared
00:34:38 3.1.3 Visible light
00:35:23 3.1.4 Ultraviolet
00:37:00 3.1.5 X-rays and gamma rays
00:38:42 4 Atmosphere and magnetosphere
00:39:34 5 Types and sources, classed by spectral band
00:41:01 5.1 Radio waves
00:41:13 5.2 Microwaves
00:41:47 5.3 Infrared
00:42:10 5.4 Visible light
00:42:18 5.5 Ultraviolet
00:42:51 5.6 X-rays
00:42:59 5.7 Gamma rays
00:43:07 5.8 Thermal and electromagnetic radiation as a form of heat
00:43:16 6 Biological effects
00:46:06 6.1 Use as weapon
00:48:52 7 Derivation from electromagnetic theory
00:49:43 8 See also
00:51:49 9 References



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SUMMARY
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In physics, electromagnetic radiation (EM radiation or EMR) refers to the waves (or their quanta, photons) of the electromagnetic field, propagating (radiating) through space, carrying electromagnetic radiant energy. It includes radio waves, microwaves, infrared, (visible) light, ultraviolet, X-rays, and gamma rays.Classically, electromagnetic radiation consists of electromagnetic waves, which are synchronized oscillations of electric and magnetic fields that propagate at the speed of light, which, in a vacuum, is commonly denoted c. In homogeneous, isotropic media, the oscillations of the two fields are perpendicular to each other and perpendicular to the direction of energy and wave propagation, forming a transverse wave. The wavefront of electromagnetic waves emitted from a point source (such as a light bulb) is a sphere. The position of an electromagnetic wave within the electromagnetic spectrum can be characterized by either its frequency of oscillation or its wavelength.  Electromagnetic waves of different frequency are called by different names since they have different sources and effects on matter.  In order of increasing frequency and decreasing wavelength these are: radio waves, microwaves, infrared radiation, visible light, ultraviolet radiation, X-rays and gamma rays.Electromagnetic waves are emitted by electrically charged particles undergoing acceleration, and these waves can subsequently interact with other charged particles, exerting force on them.  EM waves carry energy, momentum and angular momentum away from their source particle and can impart those quantities to matter with which they interact.  Electromagnetic radiation is associated with those EM waves that are free to propagate themselves ("radiate") without the continuing influence of the moving charges that produced them, because they have achieved sufficient distance from those charges. Thus, EMR is sometimes referred to as the far field. In this language, the near field refers to EM fields near the charges and current that directly produced them specifically, electromagnetic induction and electrostatic induction phenomena.
In quantum mechanics, an alternate way of viewing EMR is that it consists of photons, uncharged elementary particles with zero rest mass which are the quanta of the electromagnetic force, responsible for all electromagnetic interactions.  Quantum electrodynamics is the theory of how EMR interacts with matter on an atomic level.  Quantum effects provide additional sources of EMR, such as the transition of electrons to lower energy levels in an atom and black-body radiation. The energy of an individual photon is quantized and is greater for photons of higher frequency. This relationship is given by Planck's equation E = hν, where E is t ...