Populist Party (United States) | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2018-12-07

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Populist Party (United States)


00:03:59 1 Origins
00:04:08 1.1 Third party antecedents
00:06:37 1.2 Farmer's Alliance
00:08:59 2 Formation
00:11:25 3 1892 election
00:14:42 4 Between presidential elections, 1893–1895
00:18:14 4.1 Populist-Republican fusion in North Carolina
00:19:14 4.2 Women and African Americans
00:20:28 4.3 Conspiratorial tendencies
00:21:15 5 Presidential election of 1896
00:24:41 6 Collapse
00:27:29 7 Legacy
00:27:38 7.1 Debate by historians
00:32:08 7.2 Influence on later movements
00:33:58 7.3 Populism as a generic term
00:34:59 8 Electoral history and elected officials
00:35:10 8.1 Presidential tickets
00:35:19 8.2 Seats in Congress



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SUMMARY
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The People's Party (also known as the Populist Party or the Populists) was a left-wing, agrarian third party in the United States. The Populist Party emerged in the early 1890s as an important force in the Southern United States and the Western United States, but the party collapsed after it nominated Democrat William Jennings Bryan in the 1896 United States presidential election. A rump faction of the party continued to operate into the first decade of the 20th century, but never matched the popularity of the party in the early 1890s.
The roots of the Populist Party lay in Farmers' Alliance, an agrarian movement that promoted collective economic action by farmers, as well as the Greenback Party, an earlier third party that had advocated for fiat money. The success of Farmers' Alliance candidates in the 1890 United States elections, along with the conservatism of both major parties, encouraged leaders of the Farmers' Alliance to establish a full-fledged third party prior to the 1892 United States elections. The Ocala Demands laid out the Populist platform, calling for collective bargaining, federal regulation of railroad rates, an expansionary monetary policy, and a Sub-Treasury Plan that required the establishment of federally-controlled warehouses to aid farmers. Other Populist-endorsed measures included bimetallism, a graduated income tax, direct election of Senators, a shorter workweek, and the establishment of a postal savings system. These measures were collectively designed to curb the influence of corporate and financial interests and empower small farmers and laborers.
In the 1892 presidential election, the Populist ticket of James B. Weaver and James G. Field won 8.5 percent of the national popular vote and carried four Western states, becoming the first third party since the end of the American Civil War to win electoral votes. Despite the support of labor organizers like Eugene V. Debs and Terence V. Powderly, the party largely failed to win the vote of urban laborers in the Midwest and the Northeast. Over the next four years, the party continued to run state and federal candidates, building up powerful organizations in several Southern and Western states. Prior to the 1896 presidential election, the Populists became increasingly polarized between "fusionists," who wanted to nominate a joint presidential ticket with the Democratic Party, and "mid-roaders," who favored the continuation of the Populists as an independent third party. After the 1896 Democratic National Convention nominated Bryan, a prominent bimetallist, the Populists nominated Bryan but rejected the Democratic vice presidential nominee in favor of party leader Thomas E. Watson. In the 1896 election, Bryan won much of the South and West, but was defeated by Republican William McKinley.
After the 1896 presidential election, the Populist Party suffered a nationwide collapse. The party nominated presidential candidates in the three presidential elections following 1896, but none of those candidates came close to matching Weaver's performance in the 1892 election. Former Populist voters joined the Democratic Party, the Republican Party, and the Socialist Party, but other than Debs and Bryan, few politicians associated with the Populists retained  ...