Brahmi script | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2018-12-03

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Brahmi script


00:02:25 1 Texts
00:03:23 2 Origins
00:08:03 2.1 Semitic model hypothesis
00:09:34 2.1.1 Bühler's theory
00:13:42 2.1.2 Falk's theory
00:16:35 2.2 Indigenous origin theory
00:20:49 2.2.1 Foreign origination
00:21:59 2.2.2 Megasthenes observations
00:24:12 2.3 Issues with current theories on Brahmi script origins
00:27:02 2.4 Origin of the name
00:28:34 3 History
00:31:42 3.1 Decipherment
00:33:37 3.2 Southern Brahmi
00:35:21 3.3 Red Sea and Southeast Asia
00:36:03 4 Characteristics
00:36:33 4.1 Consonants
00:37:04 4.2 Conjunct consonants
00:37:32 4.3 Vowels
00:39:47 4.4 Punctuation
00:41:34 5 Letters
00:41:43 5.1 Vowels
00:41:51 5.2 Consonants
00:42:04 6 Descendants
00:43:36 7 Unicode and digitization
00:44:26 8 Some famous inscriptions in the Brahmi script
00:44:47 8.1 Birthplace of the historical Buddha
00:45:17 8.2 Heliodorus Pillar inscription
00:45:49 9 See also



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SUMMARY
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Brahmi (; IAST: Brāhmī) is the modern name given to one of the oldest writing systems used in Ancient India and present in South and Central Asia from the mid-1st millennium BCE. Brahmi is an abugida that thrived in the Indian subcontinent and uses a system of diacritical marks to associate vowels with consonant symbols. It evolved into a host of other scripts that continue in use.The Brahmi script has been dated to the beginning of the 4th century BCE from sherds inscribed with the script found at Anuradhapura.
Some of the earliest and best-known Brahmi inscriptions are the rock-cut edicts of Ashoka in north-central India, dating to 250–232 BCE. The first successful attempts at deciphering Brahmi were made in 1836 by Norwegian scholar Christian Lassen, who used the bilingual Greek-Brahmi coins of Indo-Greek kings Agathocles and Pantaleon to correctly identify several Brahmi letters. The script was fully deciphered by James Prinsep in 1837, an archaeologist, philologist, and official of the East India Company, with the help of Alexander Cunningham. The origin of the script is still much debated, with some scholars stating that Brahmi was derived from or at least influenced by one or more contemporary Semitic scripts, while others favor the idea of an indigenous origin or connection to the much older and as-yet undeciphered Indus script.Brahmi was at one time referred to in English as the "pin-man" script, that is "stick figure" script. It was known by a variety of other names until the 1880s when Albert Étienne Jean Baptiste Terrien de Lacouperie, based on an observation by Gabriel Devéria, associated it with the Brahmi script, the first in a list of scripts mentioned in the Lalitavistara Sūtra. Thence the name was adopted in the influential work of Georg Bühler, albeit in the variant form "Brahma". The Gupta script of the fifth century is sometimes called "Late Brahmi".
The Brahmi script diversified into numerous local variants classified together as the Brahmic scripts. Dozens of modern scripts used across South Asia have descended from Brahmi, making it one of the world's most influential writing traditions. One survey found 198 scripts that ultimately derive from it. The script was associated with its own Brahmi numerals, which ultimately provided the graphic forms for the Hindu–Arabic numeral system now used through most of the world.