Role of chance in scientific discoveries | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-01-21

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Role_of_chance_in_scientific_discoveries


00:01:36 1 Preparing to make discoveries
00:05:49 1.1 The brain
00:07:14 2 Serendipitous discoveries
00:08:48 3 See also



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Speaking Rate: 0.9329375197184232
Voice name: en-US-Wavenet-C


"I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think."
- Socrates


SUMMARY
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The role of chance, or "luck", in science comprises all ways in which unexpected discoveries are made.
Many domains, especially psychology, are concerned with the way science interacts with chance — particularly "serendipity" (accidents that, through sagacity, are transformed into opportunity). Psychologist Kevin Dunbar and colleagues estimate that between 30% and 50% of all scientific discoveries are accidental in some sense (see examples below).Psychologist Alan A. Baumeister says a scientist must be "sagacious" (attentive and clever) to benefit from an accident. Dunbar quotes Louis Pasteur's saying that "Chance favors only the prepared mind". The prepared mind, Dunbar suggests, is one trained for observational rigor. Dunbar adds that there is a great deal of writing about the role that serendipity ("happy accidents") plays in the scientific method.Research suggests that scientists are taught various heuristics and practices that allow their investigations to benefit, and not suffer, from accidents. First, careful control conditions allow scientists to properly identify something as "unexpected". Once a finding is recognized as legitimately unexpected and in need of explaining, researchers can attempt to explain it: They work across various disciplines, with various colleagues, trying various analogies in order to understand the first curious finding.