Whale fall | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-10-02

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whale_fall


00:01:24 1 Contribution to the biological pump
00:04:18 2 Discovery
00:06:17 3 Organisms
00:07:14 3.1 Ecosystem stages
00:07:37 3.1.1 Stage 1
00:08:05 3.1.2 Stage 2
00:08:32 3.1.3 Stage 3
00:10:22 3.2 Variance in decomposition rates
00:12:48 4 Palaeontology
00:13:56 5 Contrast with other large food-falls
00:16:42 6 See also



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SUMMARY
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A whale fall is the carcass of a cetacean that has fallen onto the ocean floor at a depth greater than 1,000 m (3,300 ft), in the bathyal or abyssal zones. They can create complex localized ecosystems that supply sustenance to deep-sea organisms for decades. This is unlike in shallower waters, where a whale carcass will be consumed by scavengers over a relatively short period of time. It was with the development of deep-sea robotic exploration that whale falls were first observed in the late 1970s.Organisms that have been observed at deep-sea whale falls include giant isopods, squat lobsters, bristleworms, prawns, shrimp, lobsters, hagfish, Osedax, crabs, sea cucumbers, and sleeper sharks.
Whale falls are able to occur in the deep open ocean due to cold temperatures and high hydrostatic pressures. In the coastal ocean, a higher incidence of predators as well as warmer waters hasten the decomposition of whale carcasses. Carcasses may also float due to decompositional gases, keeping the carcass at the surface. In the deep-sea, cold temperatures slow decomposition rates, and high hydrostatic pressures increase gas solubility, allowing whale falls to remain intact and sink to great depths.