Maynila (historical entity) | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2018-11-07

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Maynila (historical entity)

Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written
language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.

Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain

Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through
audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio
while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using
a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.


You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCuKfABj2eGyjH3ntPxp4YeQ

In case you don't find one that you were looking for, put a comment.
This video uses Google TTS en-US-Standard-D voice.



SUMMARY
=======
In early Philippine history, the Tagalog Bayan ("country" or "polity") of Maynila (Filipino: Bayan ng Maynila; Baybayin: ᜊᜌᜈ᜔ ᜅ᜔ ᜋᜌ᜔ᜈᜒᜎ; Kapampangan: Balen ning Menila) was a major trade hub located on the southern part of the Pasig River delta, where the modern day district of Intramuros currently stands.Historical texts indicate that it was led by paramount rulers who used the title "Rajah", but the introduction of hispanized literary forms have led to it sometimes being mislabeled as the "Kingdom of Maynila". Some early historic texts also refer to it as the "Kingdom of Luzon", although scholarship suggests that the latter term might actually refer to the Manila Bay region as a whole, rather than just Maynila.The earliest oral traditions suggest that Maynila was founded as a Muslim principality as early as the 1250s, supplanting an even older pre-Muslim settlement. However, the earliest archeological evidence for organized human settlements in the area dates to around 1500. By the 16th century, it had become an important trading center, with extensive political ties with the Sultanate of Brunei and extensive trade relations with Ming dynasty. Together with Tondo, the polity (bayan) on the northern part of the Pasig River delta, it established a shared monopoly on the trade of Chinese goods.Maynila and Luzon are sometimes associated with the Bruneian legends which describe a settlement called "Seludong", but Southeast Asian scholars believe this refers to a settlement Mount Selurong in Indonesia. For political reasons, the historical rulers of Maynila maintained close cognatic ties through intermarriage with the ruling houses of the Sultanate of Brunei, but Brunei's political influence over Maynila is not considered to have extended to military or political rule.  Intermarriage was a common strategy for large thassalocratic states such as Brunei to extend their influence, and for local rulers such as those of Maynila to help strengthen their family claims to nobility. Actual political and military rule over the large distances characteristic of Maritime Southeast Asia was not possible until relatively modern times.By 1570, Maynila was under the rule of two paramount rulers (the more senior Rajah Matanda and the younger Rajah Sulayman), who in turn had several lower-ranked rulers ("Datu") under them.  This was the political situation encountered by Martin de Goiti when he attacked Maynila in May of that year. This "Battle of Maynila" ended with a fire that destroyed the fortified settlement of Maynila, although it is not clear whether the fire was set by Goiti or by the inhabitants themselves as part of the scorched earth tactics typically used in the archipelago during that era.Maynila had been partially rebuilt by the following year, 1571, when the full forces of de Goiti's superior, Miguel López de Legazpi, arrived in the city to claim it as a territory of New Spain. After extensive negotiations with the leaders of Maynila and those of the neighbouring settlement in Tondo, Maynila was declared as the new Spanish city of Manila on 24 June 1571, effectively ending Maynila's history as an independent polity.