Isotope | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2018-12-25

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotope


00:01:17 1 Isotope vs. nuclide
00:02:54 2 Notation
00:04:45 3 Radioactive, primordial, and stable isotopes
00:07:21 4 History
00:07:29 4.1 Radioactive isotopes
00:09:40 4.2 Stable isotopes
00:11:13 5 Variation in properties between isotopes
00:11:24 5.1 Chemical and molecular properties
00:13:16 5.2 Nuclear properties and stability
00:14:21 5.3 Numbers of isotopes per element
00:14:42 5.4 Even and odd nucleon numbers
00:14:52 5.4.1 Even atomic number
00:16:13 5.4.2 Odd atomic number
00:17:23 5.4.3 Odd neutron number
00:19:33 6 Occurrence in nature
00:22:39 7 Atomic mass of isotopes
00:23:30 8 Applications of isotopes
00:27:45 8.1 Purification of isotopes
00:29:42 8.2 Use of chemical and biological properties
00:29:52 8.3 Use of nuclear properties
00:30:46 9 See also
00:32:35 10 Notes
00:33:54 11 References
00:34:41 12 External links



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SUMMARY
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Isotopes are variants of a particular chemical element which differ in neutron number, and consequently in mass number. All isotopes of a given element have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons in each atom. The term isotope is formed from the Greek roots isos (ἴσος "equal") and topos (τόπος "place"), meaning "the same place"; thus, the meaning behind the name is that different isotopes of a single element occupy the same position on the periodic table.
The number of protons within the atom's nucleus is called atomic number and is equal to the number of electrons in the neutral (non-ionized) atom. Each atomic number identifies a specific element, but not the isotope; an atom of a given element may have a wide range in its number of neutrons. The number of nucleons (both protons and neutrons) in the nucleus is the atom's mass number, and each isotope of a given element has a different mass number.
For example, carbon-12, carbon-13 and carbon-14 are three isotopes of the element carbon with mass numbers 12, 13 and 14 respectively. The atomic number of carbon is 6, which means that every carbon atom has 6 protons, so that the neutron numbers of these isotopes are 6, 7 and 8 respectively.