Rail transport | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-01-08

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rail_transport


00:04:36 1 History
00:04:59 1.1 Ancient systems
00:05:40 1.2 Pre-steam
00:05:49 1.2.1 Wooden rails introduced
00:08:13 1.2.2 Metal rails introduced
00:12:46 1.3 Steam power introduced
00:16:55 1.4 Electric power introduced
00:22:50 1.5 Diesel power introduced
00:25:34 1.6 High-speed rail
00:26:54 2 Trains
00:27:35 2.1 Haulage
00:28:59 2.2 Motive power
00:31:16 2.3 Passenger trains
00:36:01 2.4 Freight train
00:37:49 3 Infrastructure
00:37:58 3.1 Right of way
00:38:46 3.2 Track
00:42:07 3.3 Train inspection systems
00:42:42 3.4 Signalling
00:44:24 3.5 Electrification
00:45:20 3.6 Stations
00:46:31 4 Operations
00:46:40 4.1 Ownership
00:48:01 4.2 Financing
00:50:09 4.3 Safety
00:51:22 4.4 Maintenance
00:53:34 5 Social, economical, and energetic aspects
00:53:45 5.1 Energy
00:58:03 5.1.1 Energy efficiency
00:59:25 5.2 Usage
01:00:55 5.3 Social and economic benefits
01:01:05 5.3.1 Modernization
01:02:58 5.3.2 Model of corporate management
01:03:49 5.3.2.1 Shipping freight and passengers
01:04:27 5.3.2.2 Basis of the private financial system
01:05:45 5.3.2.3 Inventing modern management
01:06:24 5.3.2.4 Career paths
01:07:53 5.3.3 Transportation
01:09:14 5.3.4 Negative impacts
01:10:29 5.4 Pollution
01:10:54 5.5 Modern rail as economic development indicator
01:11:23 5.6 Subsidies
01:11:32 5.6.1 Asia
01:11:39 5.6.1.1 China
01:12:00 5.6.1.2 India
01:12:50 5.6.2 Europe
01:12:57 5.6.2.1 Russia
01:13:14 5.6.3 North America
01:13:23 5.6.3.1 United States



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SUMMARY
=======
Rail transport is a means of transferring of passengers and goods on wheeled vehicles running on rails, also known as tracks. It is also commonly referred to as train transport. In contrast to road transport, where vehicles run on a prepared flat surface, rail vehicles (rolling stock) are directionally guided by the tracks on which they run. Tracks usually consist of steel rails, installed on ties (sleepers) and ballast, on which the rolling stock, usually fitted with metal wheels, moves. Other variations are also possible, such as slab track, where the rails are fastened to a concrete foundation resting on a prepared subsurface.

Rolling stock in a rail transport system generally encounters lower frictional resistance than road vehicles, so passenger and freight cars (carriages and wagons) can be coupled into longer trains. The operation is carried out by a railway company, providing transport between train stations or freight customer facilities. Power is provided by locomotives which either draw electric power from a railway electrification system  or produce their own power, usually by diesel engines. Most tracks are accompanied by a signalling system. Railways are a safe land transport system when compared to other forms of transport. Railway transport is capable of high levels of passenger and cargo utilization and energy efficiency, but is often less flexible and more capital-intensive than road transport, when lower traffic levels are considered.
The oldest known, man/animal-hauled railways date back to the 6th century BC in Corinth, Greece. Rail transport then commenced in mid 16th century in Germany in the form of horse-powered funiculars and wagonways. Modern rail transport commenced with the British development of the steam locomotives in the early 19th century. Thus the railway system in Great Britain is the oldest in the world. Built by George Stephenson and his son Robert's company Robert Stephenson and Company, the Locomotion No. 1 is the first steam locomotive to carry passengers on a public rail line, the Stockton and Darlington Railway in 1825. George Stephenson also built the first public inter-city railway line in the world to use only the steam locomotives all the time, the Liverpool and Manchester Railway which  ...