HIV | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-03-17

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HIV


00:02:09 1 Virology
00:02:19 1.1 Classification
00:05:02 1.2 Structure and genome
00:12:08 1.3 Tropism
00:18:18 1.4 Replication cycle
00:18:28 1.4.1 Entry to the cell
00:22:20 1.4.2 Replication and transcription
00:25:26 1.4.3 Recombination
00:29:10 1.4.4 Assembly and release
00:30:48 1.5 Spread within the body
00:33:08 1.6 Genetic variability
00:39:03 2 Diagnosis
00:43:49 3 Research
00:44:54 4 Treatment
00:45:40 5 History
00:45:49 5.1 Discovery
00:50:07 5.2 Origins
00:54:37 6 See also



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SUMMARY
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The human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV) are two species of Lentivirus (a subgroup of retrovirus) that causes HIV infection and over time acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). AIDS is a condition in humans in which progressive failure of the immune system allows life-threatening opportunistic infections and cancers to thrive. Without treatment, average survival time after infection with HIV is estimated to be 9 to 11 years, depending on the HIV subtype. In most cases, HIV is a sexually transmitted infection and occurs by contact with or transfer of blood, pre-ejaculate, semen, and vaginal fluids. Non-sexual transmission can occur from an infected mother to her infant during pregnancy, during childbirth by exposure to her blood or vaginal fluid, and through breast milk. Within these bodily fluids, HIV is present as both free virus particles and virus within infected immune cells.
HIV infects vital cells in the human immune system, such as helper T cells (specifically CD4+ T cells), macrophages, and dendritic cells. HIV infection leads to low levels of CD4+ T cells through a number of mechanisms, including pyroptosis of abortively infected T cells, apoptosis of uninfected bystander cells, direct viral killing of infected cells, and killing of infected CD4+ T cells by CD8+ cytotoxic lymphocytes that recognize infected cells. When CD4+ T cell numbers decline below a critical level, cell-mediated immunity is lost, and the body becomes progressively more susceptible to opportunistic infections, leading to the development of AIDS.