Anthropogenic global warming | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-06-13

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_warming


00:04:37 1 Observed temperature changes
00:06:34 1.1 Regional trends
00:08:09 1.2 Short-term slowdowns and surges
00:09:27 2 Physical drivers of climate change
00:10:56 2.1 Greenhouse gases
00:14:01 2.2 Aerosols and soot
00:16:59 2.3 Incoming sunlight
00:19:38 3 Climate change feedback
00:23:15 4 Climate models
00:26:12 5 Effects
00:26:21 5.1 Physical environmental
00:30:49 5.2 Biosphere
00:32:22 5.3 Impacts on humans
00:33:29 5.3.1 Food and water
00:34:45 5.3.2 Health and security
00:35:53 5.3.3 Livelihoods, industry and infrastructure
00:37:00 6 Responses
00:37:37 6.1 Mitigation
00:38:36 6.1.1 Drivers of greenhouse gas emissions
00:40:15 6.1.2 Reducing greenhouse gases
00:42:48 6.2 Adaptation
00:44:29 6.3 Climate engineering
00:45:24 7 Society and culture
00:45:34 7.1 Political response
00:48:51 7.2 Scientific discussion
00:51:27 7.3 Position of oil and gas companies
00:52:27 7.4 Public opinion and disputes
00:56:52 8 History
00:58:46 9 Terminology
01:01:23 10 See also
01:01:32 11 Notes
01:01:41 12 Sources
01:01:58 12.1 Reports by The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
01:02:10 12.2 Other peer-reviewed sources
01:02:32 12.3 Non-technical sources
01:02:42 13 External links
01:02:51 13.1 Research
01:03:32 13.2 Educational



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SUMMARY
=======
Global warming is a long-term rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system, an aspect of climate change shown by temperature measurements and by multiple effects of the warming. Though earlier geological periods also experienced episodes of warming, the term commonly refers to the observed and continuing increase in average air and ocean temperatures since 1900 caused mainly by emissions of greenhouse gases in the modern industrial economy. In the modern context the terms global warming and climate change are commonly used interchangeably, but climate change includes both global warming and its effects, such as changes to precipitation and impacts that differ by region. Many of the observed changes in climate since the 1950s are unprecedented in the instrumental temperature record, and in historical and paleoclimate proxy records of climate change over thousands to millions of years.In 2013, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fifth Assessment Report concluded, "It is extremely likely that human influence has been the dominant cause of the observed warming since the mid-20th century." The largest human influence has been the emission of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide. Climate model projections summarized in the report indicated that during the 21st century, the global surface temperature is likely to rise a further 0.3 to 1.7 °C (0.5 to 3.1 °F) in a moderate scenario, or as much as 2.6 to 4.8 °C (4.7 to 8.6 °F) in an extreme scenario, depending on the rate of future greenhouse gas emissions and on climate feedback effects. These findings have been recognized by the national science academies of the major industrialized nations and are not disputed by any scientific body of national or international standing.Effects of global warming include rising sea levels, regional changes in precipitation, more frequent extreme weather events such as heat waves, and expansion of deserts. Surface temperature increases are greatest in the Arctic, with the continuing retreat of glaciers, permafrost, and sea ice. Overall, higher temperatures bring more rain and snowfall, but for some regions droughts and wildfires increase instead. Climate change impacts humans by, amongst other things, threatening food security from decreasing crop yields, and the abandonment of populated areas and damage to infrastructure due to rising sea levels. Environmental impacts include the extinction or relocation  ...