Conscientious objection throughout the world | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-02-07

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conscientious_objector


00:01:34 1 History
00:03:29 2 International law
00:03:39 2.1 Universal Declaration of Human Rights
00:08:27 2.2 Handbook on Procedures and Criteria for Determining Refugee Status
00:09:41 3 Selective conscientious objection
00:12:10 4 Religious motives
00:21:51 5 Alternatives for objectors
00:25:55 6 Conscientious objection around the world
00:26:06 6.1 Belgium
00:27:12 6.2 Canada
00:28:44 6.3 Colombia
00:29:42 6.4 Czechoslovakia
00:30:25 6.5 Denmark
00:30:48 6.6 Eritrea
00:31:15 6.7 Finland
00:35:01 6.8 France
00:36:49 6.9 Germany
00:46:29 6.10 Israel
00:49:00 6.11 Italy
00:50:14 6.12 Marshall Islands
00:50:44 6.13 Romania
00:51:28 6.14 Russia
00:53:35 6.15 South Africa
00:54:38 6.16 South Korea
01:00:54 6.17 Spain
01:02:57 6.18 Turkey
01:05:22 6.19 United Kingdom
01:14:19 6.20 United States
01:15:16 6.21 Other countries
01:16:39 7 Conscientious objection in professional forces
01:17:34 8 Common questions
01:18:11 8.1 Swiss hearings



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SUMMARY
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A conscientious objector  is an "individual who has claimed the right to refuse to perform military service" on the grounds of freedom of thought, conscience, or religion.In some countries, conscientious objectors are assigned to an alternative civilian service as a substitute for conscription or military service. Some conscientious objectors consider themselves pacifist, non-interventionist, non-resistant, non-aggressionist, anti-imperialist or antimilitarist.
On March 8, 1995, the United Nations Commission on Human Rights resolution 1995/83 stated that "persons performing military service should not be excluded from the right to have conscientious objections to military service." This was re-affirmed in 1998, when resolution 1998/77 recognized that "persons [already] performing military service may develop conscientious objections." A number of organizations around the world celebrate the principle on May 15 as International Conscientious Objection Day. The term has also been extended to objecting to working for the military–industrial complex due to a crisis of conscience.