Birmingham | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-05-06

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birmingham


00:04:50 1 History
00:05:00 1.1 Pre-history and medieval
00:08:45 1.2 Early modern
00:12:49 1.3 Industrial Revolution
00:17:15 1.4 Regency and Victorian
00:20:16 1.5 20th century and contemporary
00:26:51 2 Government
00:29:04 3 Geography
00:31:33 3.1 Geology
00:32:44 3.2 Climate
00:36:08 3.3 Environment
00:38:34 4 Demography
00:45:30 5 Religion
00:48:51 6 Economy
00:55:55 7 Culture
00:56:04 7.1 Music
01:01:10 7.2 Theatre and performing arts
01:03:48 7.3 Literature
01:05:56 7.4 Art and design
01:08:29 7.5 Museums and galleries
01:10:41 7.6 Nightlife and festivals
01:15:20 7.7 Food and drink
01:17:47 7.8 Entertainment and leisure
01:18:24 7.9 Dialect
01:18:38 8 Architecture
01:22:45 9 Transport
01:27:40 10 Education
01:27:50 10.1 Further and higher education
01:31:10 10.2 Primary and secondary education
01:33:20 11 Public services
01:34:34 11.1 Library services
01:36:10 11.2 Emergency services
01:37:08 11.3 Healthcare
01:38:23 11.4 Water supply
01:39:09 11.5 Energy from waste
01:40:16 12 Sport
01:46:12 12.1 Commonwealth Games
01:47:33 13 Media
01:51:09 14 Notable people
01:51:19 15 Sister cities
01:51:34 16 See also



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SUMMARY
=======
Birmingham ( (listen), locally also: ) is the second-most populous city in the United Kingdom, after London, and the most populous city in the English Midlands. It is also the most populous metropolitan district in the United Kingdom, with an estimated 1,137,123 inhabitants, and is considered the social, cultural, financial, and commercial centre of the Midlands. It is the main local government of the West Midlands conurbation, which is the third most populated urban area in the United Kingdom, with a population of 2,897,303 in 2017. The wider Birmingham metropolitan area is the second largest in the United Kingdom with a population of over 4.3 million. It is frequently referred to as the United Kingdom's "second city".A market town in the medieval period, Birmingham grew in the 18th-century Midlands Enlightenment and subsequent Industrial Revolution, which saw advances in science, technology, and economic development, producing a series of innovations that laid many of the foundations of modern industrial society. By 1791 it was being hailed as "the first manufacturing town in the world". Birmingham's distinctive economic profile, with thousands of small workshops practising a wide variety of specialised and highly skilled trades, encouraged exceptional levels of creativity and innovation and provided an economic base for prosperity that was to last into the final quarter of the 20th century. The Watt steam engine was invented in Birmingham.The resulting high level of social mobility also fostered a culture of political radicalism which, under leaders from Thomas Attwood to Joseph Chamberlain, was to give it a political influence unparalleled in Britain outside London, and a pivotal role in the development of British democracy. From the summer of 1940 to the spring of 1943, Birmingham was bombed heavily by the German Luftwaffe in what is known as the Birmingham Blitz. The damage done to the city's infrastructure, in addition to a deliberate policy of demolition and new building by planners, led to extensive urban regeneration in subsequent decades.
Birmingham's economy is now dominated by the service sector. The city is a major international commercial centre, ranked as a beta- world city by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network the joint highest ranking with Edinburgh and Manchester of all British cities outside of London; and an important transport, retail, events and conference hub. Its metropolitan economy is the second largest in the United Kingdom with a GDP of $121.1bn (2014), and its six universities make it the largest centre of higher educat ...