Gauge boson | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2018-12-08

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Gauge boson


00:00:43 1 Gauge bosons in the Standard Model
00:01:14 1.1 Multiplicity of gauge bosons
00:01:56 1.2 Massive gauge bosons
00:03:16 2 Beyond the Standard Model
00:03:25 2.1 Grand unification theories
00:04:05 2.2 Gravitons
00:04:36 2.3 W' and Z' bosons
00:04:55 3 See also



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SUMMARY
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In particle physics, a gauge boson is a force carrier, a bosonic particle that carries any of the fundamental interactions of nature, commonly called forces. Elementary particles, whose interactions are described by a gauge theory, interact with each other by the exchange of gauge bosons—usually as virtual particles.
All known gauge bosons have a spin of 1. Therefore, all known gauge bosons are vector bosons.
Gauge bosons are different from the other kinds of bosons: first, fundamental scalar bosons (the Higgs boson); second, mesons, which are composite bosons, made of quarks; third, larger composite, non-force-carrying bosons, such as certain atoms.