Vizier | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2018-12-05

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Vizier


00:00:42 1 Etymology
00:01:39 2 Historical ministerial titles
00:02:26 2.1 In Islamic states
00:07:43 3 Modern post-monarchy use
00:09:51 4 Anachronistic historical use
00:11:21 5 Princely title
00:11:55 6 Art
00:13:30 7 Some famous viziers in history
00:14:15 8 Fictional grand viziers
00:15:58 9 Influence on chess
00:16:34 10 See also



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SUMMARY
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A vizier (, rarely ; Arabic: وزير‬‎ wazīr; Persian: وزیر‬‎ vazīr; Turkish: vezir; Chinese: 宰相 zǎixiàng; Bengali: উজির ujirô; Hindi-Urdu: वज़ीर / وزیر‬ vazīr; Punjabi: ਵਜ਼ੀਰ / وزير‬ vazīr) (alternatively spelled as vazir, vizir, vasir, wazir, vesir or vezir), is a high-ranking political advisor or minister. The Abbasid caliphs gave the title wazir to a minister formerly called katib (secretary), who was at first merely a helper but afterwards became the representative and successor of the dapir (official scribe or secretary) of the Sassanian kings.In modern usage, the term has been used for ministers in much of the Middle East and beyond.