Phoneme | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-10-05

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phoneme


00:01:36 1 Notation
00:02:52 2 Assignment of speech sounds to phonemes
00:04:32 2.1 Minimal pairs
00:06:45 3 Suprasegmental phonemes
00:08:22 4 Distribution of allophones
00:08:55 5 Background and related ideas
00:11:26 6 Restrictions on occurrence
00:12:41 7 Biuniqueness
00:13:46 8 Neutralization and archiphonemes
00:17:12 9 Morphophonemes
00:17:53 10 Numbers of phonemes in different languages
00:19:56 11 The non-uniqueness of phonemic solutions
00:24:13 12 Correspondence between letters and phonemes
00:25:41 13 In sign languages
00:26:58 13.1 Chereme
00:27:55 14 See also
00:28:04 15 Notes
00:28:13 16 Bibliography



Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.

Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain

Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.

Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:
https://assistant.google.com/services/invoke/uid/0000001a130b3f91
Other Wikipedia audio articles at:
https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=wikipedia+tts
Upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
https://github.com/nodef/wikipedia-tts
Speaking Rate: 0.9748285218081225
Voice name: en-AU-Wavenet-B


"I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think."
- Socrates


SUMMARY
=======
A phoneme () is a unit of sound that distinguishes one word from another in a particular language. 
For example, in most dialects of English, the sound patterns  (sin) and  (sing) are two separate words that are distinguished by the substitution of one phoneme, /n/, for another phoneme, /ŋ/. (Two words like this that differ in meaning through the contrast of a single phoneme form a minimal pair.) In many other languages, they would be interpreted as exactly the same set of phonemes, and so /n/ and /ŋ/ would be considered to be the same.
In linguistics, phonemes that are usually established by the use of minimal pairs, such as kill vs kiss or pat vs bat, are written between slashes: /p/. To show pronunciation more precisely, linguists use square brackets: [pʰ] (indicating an aspirated p).
Within linguistics, there are differing views as to exactly what phonemes are and how a given language should be analyzed in phonemic (or phonematic) terms. However, a phoneme is generally regarded as an abstraction of a set (or equivalence class) of speech sounds (phones) that are perceived as equivalent to each other in a given language. For example, the English k sounds in the words kill and skill are not identical (as described below), but they are distributional variants of a single phoneme /k/. Different speech sounds that are realizations of the same phoneme are known as allophones. Allophonic variation may be conditioned, in which case a certain phoneme is realized as a certain allophone in particular phonological environments, or it may otherwise be free, and may then vary randomly. Therefore, phonemes are often considered to constitute an abstract underlying representation for segments of words, while speech sounds make up the corresponding phonetic realization, or the surface form.