Pigment | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-03-25

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pigment


00:02:11 1 Physical basis
00:04:50 2 History
00:10:00 2.1 Development of synthetic pigments
00:13:30 2.2 New sources for historic pigments
00:16:47 3 Manufacturing and industrial standard
00:20:17 3.1 Value of pigment industry
00:20:49 4 Scientific and technical issues
00:22:35 5 Swatches
00:23:01 5.1 Printed swatches
00:23:24 5.2 Plastic swatches
00:24:09 5.3 Computer swatches
00:26:27 6 Biological pigments
00:27:52 7 Pigments by elemental composition
00:28:02 7.1 Metal-based pigments
00:29:18 7.2 Other inorganic pigments
00:29:46 7.3 Biological and organic
00:30:15 8 See also



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SUMMARY
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A pigment is a material that changes the color of reflected or transmitted light as the result of wavelength-selective absorption. This physical process differs from fluorescence, phosphorescence, and other forms of luminescence, in which a material emits light.  Most materials selectively absorb certain wavelengths of light. Materials that humans have chosen and developed for use as pigments usually have special properties that make them useful for coloring other materials. A pigment must have a high tinting strength relative to the materials it colors. It must be stable in solid form at ambient temperatures.
For industrial applications, as well as in the arts, permanence and stability are desirable properties. Pigments that are not permanent are called fugitive. Fugitive pigments fade over time, or with exposure to light, while some eventually blacken. Pigments are used for coloring paint, ink, plastic, fabric, cosmetics, food, and other materials. Most pigments used in manufacturing and the visual arts are dry colorants, usually ground into a fine powder. For use in paint, this powder is added to a binder (or vehicle), a relatively neutral or colorless material that suspends the pigment and gives the paint its adhesion.  A distinction is usually made between a pigment, which is insoluble in its vehicle (resulting in a suspension), and a dye, which either is itself a liquid or is soluble in its vehicle (resulting in a solution). A colorant can act as either a pigment or a dye depending on the vehicle involved. In some cases, a pigment can be manufactured from a dye by precipitating a soluble dye with a metallic salt. The resulting pigment is called a lake pigment. The term biological pigment is used for all colored substances independent of their solubility.In 2006, around 7.4 million tons of inorganic, organic and special pigments were marketed worldwide. Asia has the highest rate on a quantity basis followed by Europe and North America. The global demand on pigments was roughly US$20.5 billion in 2009.