Internal combustion engines | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 05/07/2019

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine


00:02:34 1 History
00:05:25 2 Etymology
00:06:20 3 Applications
00:08:31 4 Classification
00:08:47 4.1 Reciprocating
00:09:32 4.2 Rotary
00:09:42 4.3 Continuous combustion
00:10:15 5 Reciprocating engines
00:10:26 5.1 Structure
00:16:20 5.2 4-stroke engines
00:19:29 5.3 2-stroke engines
00:21:52 5.3.1 Crankcase scavenged
00:25:04 5.3.2 Blower scavenged
00:27:51 5.3.3 Historical design
00:30:48 5.4 Ignition
00:31:16 5.4.1 Spark ignition process
00:36:51 5.4.2 Compression ignition process
00:38:36 5.5 Lubrication
00:43:08 5.6 Cylinder configuration
00:45:46 5.7 Diesel cycle
00:46:20 5.8 Otto cycle
00:46:51 5.9 Five-stroke engine
00:47:43 5.10 Six-stroke engine
00:48:30 5.11 Other cycles
00:50:34 6 Combustion turbines
00:50:45 6.1 Jet engine
00:51:30 6.2 Gas turbines
00:52:50 6.3 Brayton cycle
00:53:55 7 Wankel engines
00:55:09 8 Forced induction
00:56:05 9 Fuels and oxidizers
00:56:49 9.1 Fuels
01:00:43 9.1.1 Hydrogen
01:02:22 9.2 Oxidizers
01:04:02 10 Cooling
01:05:07 11 Starting
01:07:08 12 Measures of engine performance
01:07:51 12.1 Energy efficiency
01:12:13 12.2 Measures of fuel efficiency and propellant efficiency
01:13:14 13 Air and noise pollution
01:13:24 13.1 Air pollution
01:17:03 13.1.1 Non-road engines
01:17:27 13.2 Noise pollution
01:17:57 13.3 Idling



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SUMMARY
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An internal combustion engine (ICE) is a heat engine where the combustion of a fuel occurs with an oxidizer (usually air) in a combustion chamber that is an integral part of the working fluid flow circuit. In an internal combustion engine, the expansion of the high-temperature and high-pressure gases produced by combustion applies direct force to some component of the engine. The force is applied typically to pistons, turbine blades, rotor or a nozzle. This force moves the component over a distance, transforming chemical energy into useful mechanical energy.
The first commercially successful internal combustion engine was created by Étienne Lenoir around 1859 and the first modern internal combustion engine was created in 1876 by Nikolaus Otto (see Otto engine).
The term internal combustion engine usually refers to an engine in which combustion is intermittent, such as the more familiar four-stroke and two-stroke piston engines, along with variants, such as the six-stroke piston engine and the Wankel rotary engine. A second class of internal combustion engines use continuous combustion: gas turbines, jet engines and most rocket engines, each of which are internal combustion engines on the same principle as previously described. Firearms are also a form of internal combustion engine.In contrast, in external combustion engines, such as steam or Stirling engines, energy is delivered to a working fluid not consisting of, mixed with, or contaminated by combustion products. Working fluids can be air, hot water, pressurized water or even liquid sodium, heated in a boiler. ICEs are usually powered by energy-dense fuels such as gasoline or diesel fuel, liquids derived from fossil fuels. While there are many stationary applications, most ICEs are used in mobile applications and are the dominant power supply for vehicles such as cars, aircraft, and boats.
Typically an ICE is fed with fossil fuels like natural gas or petroleum products such as gasoline, diesel fuel or fuel oil. There is a growing usage of renewable fuels like biodiesel for CI (compression ignition) engines and bioethanol or methanol for SI (spark ignition) engines. Hydrogen is sometimes used, and can be obtained from either fossil fuels or renewable energy.