Physical stimulation | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-06-07

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stimulus_(physiology)


00:01:18 1 Types
00:01:27 1.1 Internal
00:01:36 1.1.1 Homeostatic imbalances
00:02:45 1.1.2 Blood pressure
00:03:33 1.2 External
00:03:42 1.2.1 Touch and pain
00:05:22 1.2.2 Vision
00:06:54 1.2.3 Smell
00:08:34 1.2.4 Taste
00:09:57 1.2.5 Sound
00:11:12 1.2.6 Equilibrium
00:12:41 2 Cellular response
00:13:55 2.1 Mechanical
00:14:57 2.2 Chemical
00:16:03 3 Systematic response
00:16:13 3.1 Nervous-system response
00:20:20 3.2 Muscular-system response
00:21:35 3.3 Endocrine-system response
00:21:45 3.3.1 Vasopressin
00:22:36 3.3.2 Epinephrine
00:23:28 3.4 Digestive-system response
00:23:38 3.4.1 Cephalic phase
00:24:39 3.4.2 Enteric nervous system
00:25:19 4 Methods and techniques
00:25:29 4.1 Clamping techniques
00:26:02 4.2 Noninvasive neuronal scanning
00:26:32 4.3 Hindlimb withdrawal time
00:26:59 5 See also



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SUMMARY
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In physiology, a stimulus (plural stimuli or stimuluses) is a detectable change in the internal or external environment. The ability of an organism or organ to respond to external stimuli is called sensitivity. When a stimulus is applied to a sensory receptor, it normally elicits or influences a reflex via stimulus transduction. These sensory receptors can receive information from outside the body, as in touch receptors found in the skin or light receptors in the eye, as well as from inside the body, as in chemoreceptors and mechanoreceptors. An internal stimulus is often the first component of a homeostatic control system. External stimuli are capable of producing systemic responses throughout the body, as in the fight-or-flight response. In order for a stimulus to be detected with high probability, its level must exceed the absolute threshold; if a signal does reach threshold, the information is transmitted to the central nervous system (CNS), where it is integrated and a decision on how to react is made. Although stimuli commonly cause the body to respond, it is the CNS that finally determines whether a signal causes a reaction or not.