Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2018-12-06

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor


00:00:57 1 Early life
00:01:34 2 Marriages and children
00:05:05 3 Co-ruler
00:09:48 4 Sole reign
00:12:21 4.1 Administrative policies
00:13:54 4.2 Legal reform
00:16:45 4.3 Education and medicine
00:17:59 4.4 Religion
00:21:50 4.5 Foreign policy
00:23:53 4.6 Reaction
00:28:54 5 Death
00:29:42 6 Memory and legacy
00:34:02 6.1 Popular memory
00:34:45 6.2 Patron of the arts
00:35:50 7 Titles and styles
00:37:28 8 Ancestry
00:37:37 9 See also



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SUMMARY
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Joseph II (Joseph Benedikt Anton Michael Adam; 13 March 1741 – 20 February 1790) was Holy Roman Emperor from August 1765 and sole ruler of the Habsburg lands from November 1780 until his death. He was the eldest son of Empress Maria Theresa and her husband, Emperor Francis I, and the brother of Marie Antoinette. He was thus the first ruler in the Austrian dominions of the House of Lorraine, styled Habsburg-Lorraine. Joseph was a proponent of enlightened absolutism; however, his commitment to modernizing reforms subsequently engendered significant opposition, which resulted in failure to fully implement his programmes. He has been ranked, with Catherine the Great of Russia and Frederick the Great of Prussia, as one of the three great Enlightenment monarchs. His policies are now known as Josephinism. He died with no sons and was succeeded by his younger brother, Leopold II.