Octopus | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-10-02

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octopus


00:02:08 1 Etymology and pluralisation
00:03:42 2 Anatomy and physiology
00:03:51 2.1 Size
00:04:56 2.2 External characteristics
00:08:11 2.3 Circulatory system
00:09:36 2.4 Respiration
00:10:47 2.5 Digestion and excretion
00:12:26 2.6 Nervous system and senses
00:15:19 2.7 Ink sac
00:15:56 3 Lifecycle
00:16:04 3.1 Reproduction
00:20:03 3.2 Lifespan
00:20:56 4 Distribution and habitat
00:21:51 5 Behaviour and ecology
00:22:59 5.1 Feeding
00:25:05 5.2 Locomotion
00:27:56 5.3 Intelligence
00:29:08 5.4 Camouflage and colour change
00:30:27 5.5 Defence
00:32:22 5.6 Pathogens and parasites
00:33:32 6 Evolution
00:35:33 6.1 Fossil history and phylogeny
00:36:55 6.2 RNA editing
00:37:59 7 Relationship to humans
00:38:08 7.1 Cultural references
00:40:08 7.2 Danger
00:41:23 7.3 Fisheries and cuisine
00:42:31 7.4 In science and technology



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SUMMARY
=======
The octopus is a soft-bodied, eight-limbed mollusc of the order Octopoda. Around 300 species are recognised, and the order is grouped within the class Cephalopoda with squids, cuttlefish, and nautiloids. Like other cephalopods, the octopus is bilaterally symmetric with two eyes and a beak, with its mouth at the center point of the eight limbs ("tentacle" is used as an umbrella term for cephalopod limbs; however, within a teuthological context; "arm" is used to refer to such limbs while "tentacle" is reserved for feeding appendages not found on octopuses). The soft body can rapidly alter its shape, enabling octopuses to squeeze through small gaps. They trail their eight appendages behind them as they swim. The siphon is used both for respiration and for locomotion, by expelling a jet of water. Octopuses have a complex nervous system and excellent sight, and are among the most intelligent and behaviourally diverse of all invertebrates.
Octopuses inhabit various regions of the ocean, including coral reefs, pelagic waters, and the seabed; some live in the intertidal zone and others at abyssal depths. Most species grow quickly, mature early and are short-lived. During breeding, the male uses a specially adapted arm to deliver a bundle of sperm directly into the female's mantle cavity, after which he becomes senescent and dies. The female deposits fertilised eggs in a den and cares for them until they hatch, after which she also dies. Strategies to defend themselves against predators include the expulsion of ink, the use of camouflage and threat displays, their abilities to jet quickly through the water and hide, and even through deceit. All octopuses are venomous, but only the blue-ringed octopuses are known to be deadly to humans.
Octopuses appear in mythology as sea monsters like the Kraken of Norway and the Akkorokamui of the Ainu, and probably the Gorgon of ancient Greece. A battle with an octopus appears in Victor Hugo's book Toilers of the Sea, inspiring other works such as Ian Fleming's Octopussy. Octopuses appear in Japanese erotic art, shunga. They are eaten and considered a delicacy by humans in many parts of the world, especially the Mediterranean and the Asian seas.