Technetium | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2018-12-08

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Technetium


00:02:01 1 History
00:02:10 1.1 Search for element 43
00:02:50 1.2 Early misidentifications
00:03:14 1.3 Irreproducible results
00:04:21 1.4 Official discovery and later history
00:07:04 2 Characteristics
00:07:13 2.1 Physical properties
00:08:15 2.2 Chemical properties
00:09:43 3 Compounds
00:09:52 3.1 Pertechnetate and derivatives
00:11:37 3.2 Other chalcogenide derivatives
00:12:19 3.3 Simple hydride and halide complexes
00:15:06 3.4 Coordination and organometallic complexes
00:15:50 3.5 Isotopes
00:16:01 4 Occurrence and production
00:17:10 4.1 Fission waste product
00:18:34 4.2 Fission product for commercial use
00:20:02 4.3 Waste disposal
00:21:09 4.4 Neutron activation
00:23:42 4.5 Particle accelerators
00:29:12 5 Applications
00:30:37 5.1 Nuclear medicine and biology
00:31:42 5.2 Industrial and chemical
00:31:51 6 Precautions
00:32:17 7 Notes
00:32:27 8 References
00:33:10 9 Bibliography
00:33:19 10 Further reading
00:33:32 11 External links
00:34:46 undefined
00:34:56 undefined
00:37:25 undefined



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SUMMARY
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Technetium is a chemical element with symbol Tc and atomic number 43. It is the lightest element whose isotopes are all radioactive; none are stable, excluding the fully ionized state of 97Tc. Nearly all technetium is produced synthetically, and only about 18000 tons can be found at any given time in the Earth's crust. Naturally occurring technetium is a spontaneous fission product in uranium ore and thorium ore, the most common source, or the product of neutron capture in molybdenum ores. This silvery gray, crystalline transition metal lies between rhenium and manganese in group 7 of the periodic table, and its chemical properties are intermediate between those of these two adjacent elements. The most common naturally occurring isotope is 99Tc.
Many of technetium's properties were predicted by Dmitri Mendeleev before the element was discovered. Mendeleev noted a gap in his periodic table and gave the undiscovered element the provisional name ekamanganese (Em). In 1937, technetium (specifically the technetium-97 isotope) became the first predominantly artificial element to be produced, hence its name (from the Greek τεχνητός, meaning "synthetic or artificial", + -ium).
One short-lived gamma ray-emitting nuclear isomer of technetium—technetium-99m—is used in nuclear medicine for a wide variety of diagnostic tests, such as bone cancer diagnoses. The ground state of this nuclide, technetium-99, is used as a gamma-ray-free source of beta particles. Long-lived technetium isotopes produced commercially are by-products of the fission of uranium-235 in nuclear reactors and are extracted from nuclear fuel rods. Because no isotope of technetium has a half-life longer than 4.2 million years (technetium-98), the 1952 detection of technetium in red giants, helped to prove that stars can produce heavier elements.