Atmospheric circulation | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-06-22

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmospheric_circulation


00:01:41 1 Latitudinal circulation features
00:02:37 1.1 Hadley cell
00:04:37 1.2 Ferrel cell
00:07:30 1.3 Polar cell
00:10:08 2 Longitudinal circulation features
00:12:50 2.1 Walker circulation
00:15:04 2.1.1 El Niño – Southern Oscillation



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SUMMARY
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Atmospheric circulation is the large-scale movement of air, and together with ocean circulation is the means by which thermal energy is redistributed on the surface of the Earth.
The Earth's atmospheric circulation varies from year to year, but the large-scale structure of its circulation remains fairly constant. The smaller scale weather systems – mid-latitude depressions, or tropical convective cells – occur "randomly", and long-range weather predictions of those cannot be made beyond ten days in practice, or a month in theory (see Chaos theory and Butterfly effect).
The Earth's weather is a consequence of its illumination by the Sun, and the laws of thermodynamics. The atmospheric circulation can be viewed as a heat engine driven by the Sun's energy, and whose energy sink, ultimately, is the blackness of space. The work produced by that engine causes the motion of the masses of air and in that process, it redistributes the energy absorbed by the Earth's surface near the tropics to the latitudes nearer the poles, and then to space.
The large-scale atmospheric circulation "cells" shift polewards in warmer periods (for example, interglacials compared to glacials), but remain largely constant as they are, fundamentally, a property of the Earth's size, rotation rate, heating and atmospheric depth, all of which change little. Over very long time periods (hundreds of millions of years), a tectonic uplift can significantly alter their major elements, such as the jet stream, and plate tectonics may shift ocean currents. During the extremely hot climates of the Mesozoic, a third desert belt may have existed at the Equator.