Plants | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 10/05/2019

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plant


00:02:04 1 Definition
00:03:20 1.1 Current definitions of Plantae
00:04:15 1.2 Algae
00:08:33 1.3 Fungi
00:10:12 2 Diversity
00:11:01 2.1 Evolution
00:14:26 2.2 Embryophytes
00:18:37 2.3 Fossils
00:22:35 3 Structure, growth and development
00:24:22 3.1 Factors affecting growth
00:27:08 3.1.1 Effects of freezing
00:28:27 3.2 DNA damage and repair
00:29:33 3.3 Plant cells
00:30:21 4 Physiology
00:30:29 4.1 Photosynthesis
00:31:51 4.2 Immune system
00:33:03 4.3 Internal distribution
00:33:35 5 Genomics
00:34:33 6 Ecology
00:35:46 6.1 Distribution
00:36:30 6.2 Ecological relationships
00:39:15 7 Importance
00:39:42 7.1 Food
00:40:37 7.2 Medicines
00:41:46 7.3 Nonfood products
00:43:12 7.4 Aesthetic uses
00:45:19 7.5 Scientific and cultural uses
00:46:35 7.6 Negative effects



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SUMMARY
=======
Plants are mainly multicellular, predominantly photosynthetic eukaryotes of the kingdom Plantae. Historically, plants were treated as one of two kingdoms including all living things that were not animals, and all algae and fungi were treated as plants. However, all current definitions of Plantae exclude the fungi and some algae, as well as the prokaryotes (the archaea and bacteria). By one definition, plants form the clade Viridiplantae (Latin name for "green plants"), a group that includes the flowering plants, conifers and other gymnosperms, ferns and their allies, hornworts, liverworts, mosses and the green algae, but excludes the red and brown algae.
Green plants obtain most of their energy from sunlight via photosynthesis by primary chloroplasts that are derived from endosymbiosis with cyanobacteria. Their chloroplasts contain chlorophylls a and b, which gives them their green color. Some plants are parasitic or mycotrophic and have lost the ability to produce normal amounts of chlorophyll or to photosynthesize. Plants are characterized by sexual reproduction and alternation of generations, although asexual reproduction is also common.
There are about 320 thousand species of plants, of which the great majority, some 260–290 thousand, are seed plants (see the table below). Green plants provide a substantial proportion of the world's molecular oxygen and are the basis of most of Earth's ecosystems, especially on land. Plants that produce grain, fruit and vegetables form humankind's basic foods, and have been domesticated for millennia. Plants have many cultural and other uses, as ornaments, building materials, writing material and, in great variety, they have been the source of medicines and psychoactive drugs. The scientific study of plants is known as botany, a branch of biology.