Presidency of James Buchanan | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2018-12-04

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Presidency of James Buchanan


00:02:06 1 Election of 1856
00:04:43 2 Inauguration
00:06:06 3 Administration
00:07:51 4 Judicial appointments
00:08:54 5 Dred Scott case
00:12:28 6 Panic of 1857 and economic policy
00:15:00 7 Utah War
00:16:42 8 Bleeding Kansas
00:22:13 9 1858 mid-term elections
00:24:35 10 Continuing tensions over slavery
00:26:25 11 Foreign policy
00:27:44 12 Covode committee
00:29:43 13 Election of 1860
00:35:47 14 Secession
00:35:56 14.1 Compromise attempts
00:42:13 14.2 Fort Sumter
00:44:53 15 States admitted to the Union
00:45:19 16 Historical reputation



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SUMMARY
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The presidency of James Buchanan began on March 4, 1857, when James Buchanan was inaugurated as President of the United States, and ended on March 4, 1861. Buchanan, a Democrat from Pennsylvania, took office as the  15th United States president after defeating former President Millard Fillmore of the American Party, and John C. Frémont of the Republican Party in the 1856 presidential election.
Buchanan was nominated by the Democratic Party at its 1856 convention, where he defeated both the incumbent President Franklin Pierce and Illinois Senator Stephen A. Douglas. Despite his long experience in government, Buchanan was unable to calm the growing sectional crisis that would divide the nation at the close of his term. Prior to taking office, Buchanan lobbied the Supreme Court to issue a broad ruling in Dred Scott v. Sandford. Though Buchanan hoped that the Court's ruling would end the dispute over slavery in the territories, Buchanan's support of the ruling deeply alienated many Northerners. Buchanan also joined with Southern leaders in attempting to gain the admission of Kansas to the Union as a slave state under the Lecompton Constitution. In the midst of the growing chasm between slave states and free states, the Panic of 1857 struck the nation, causing widespread business failures and high unemployment.
Tensions over slavery continued to the end of Buchanan's term. Buchanan had promised in his inaugural address to serve just one term, and with the ongoing national turmoil over slavery, no one asked him to rescind his pledge. Republican nominee Abraham Lincoln, running on a platform devoted to keeping slavery out of all Western territories, defeated the splintered Democratic Party and Constitutional Union candidate John Bell to win the 1860 election. In response to Lincoln's victory, seven Southern states declared their secession from the Union. Buchanan refused to confront the seceded states with military force, but retained control of Fort Sumter. The secession crisis culminated in outbreak of the American Civil War shortly after Buchanan left office.