Six amazing discoveries from the Paleolithic
Channel: Cafe Anthropos
Date: 2023-11-09

Six extraordinary discoveries from the Paleolithic. They have made a huge impression on me, so I'm sharing this content with you. Some of them have changed my view of prehistoric people, and some are still one big question mark.

Contents:
00:00 The oldest traces - 1
  1:49 The oldest Europeans - 2
  5:32 Excalibur - 3
  7:11 Speleologists' ancestors - 4
10:18 First surgeons - 5
12:26 A mysterious philosophical concept
15:08 The Witcher's or Tolkien's universe
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"The impressive beginning of humanity with Yves Coppens" https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KmzCKIlM_90&t=35s
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Sources:

G.D. Gierliński, et al., "Possible hominin footprints from the late Miocene (c. 5.7 Ma) of Crete?, Proc. Geol. Assoc. (2017) https://www.researchgate.net/publication/319411867_Possible_hominin_footprints_from_the_late_Miocene_c_57_Ma_of_Crete

Exposition, information and descriptions in Museo de la Evolución Humana in Burgos and in Museum of Prehistory and Archaeology of Cantabria

Max Planck Gesselschaft „400,000-year-old fossils from Spain provide earliest genetic evidence of Neandertals”  https://www.mpg.de/10364707/hominins-sima-de-los-huesos

Berger et al. 2015 „Homo naledi, a new species of the genus Homo from the Dinaledi Chamber, South Africa” https://elifesciences.org/articles/09560

Hawks et al. 2017 „New fossil remains of Homo naledi from
the Lesedi Chamber, South Africa” https://elifesciences.org/articles/24232 

Dirks et al. 2015 „Geological and taphonomic context for the new hominin species Homo naledi from the Dinaledi Chamber, South Africa” https://elifesciences.org/articles/09561

„Our incredible origins: The astonishing tale of Homo naledi” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gspjzX0Pq3U 

Maloney, T.R., Dilkes-Hall, I.E., Vlok, M. et al. „Surgical amputation of a limb 31,000 years ago in Borneo” https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-022-05160-8

Jiří Svoboda „The Complexity of Hunter-Gatherers and the Collapse of the Moravian Gravettian"

Jiří Svoboda „Dolni Vestonice II. Chronostratigraphy, Paleoethnology, Paleoanthropology”

E. Trinkaus, S. Sázelová, J. Svoboda „Pieces of people in the Pavlovian: burials, body parts and bones in the earlier Upper Palaeolithic 

A. Mittnik, C-C Wang, J. Svoboda, J. Krause, 2016: A Molecular Approach to the Sexing of the Triple Burial at the Upper Paleolithic Site of Dolní Věstonice, PLoS ONE , 11(10): e0163019. https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0163019

The exhibits, descriptions and educational materials at the Pavlov Archeopark, Czech Republic. 

P. Lima, P. Psaila, Y. Coppens „All Lascaux”

Tom Higham „The World Before Us”.
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Additional pictures:
Geralt of Rivia. Author: Sennexx https://www.deviantart.com/sennexx/art/Geralt-of-Rivia-986341761 Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/)  
Media from Berger et al 2015 - 10.7554/eLife.09560 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Media_from_Berger_et_al_2015_-_10.7554/eLife.09560 the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license.
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