Conscientious objection in the United States | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 27/03/2019

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conscientious_objection_in_the_United_States


00:02:33 1 History
00:02:41 1.1 American Revolutionary War
00:03:13 1.2 American Civil War
00:04:17 1.3 World War I
00:05:20 1.4 World War II
00:07:35 2 Conscientious objectors with Medals of Honor
00:09:19 3 Selective conscientious objection
00:09:55 4 Conscientious objection in the Selective Service System
00:10:30 4.1 Alternative service
00:10:57 5 Conscientious objection in the United States military
00:11:25 5.1 Application within the military
00:12:27 5.2 Noncombatant service
00:12:56 5.3 Investigative process
00:13:38 5.4 Acceptance rates
00:14:14 6 See also
00:14:40 6.1 Supreme Court cases



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SUMMARY
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Conscientious objection in the United States is based on the Military Selective Service Act, which delegates its implementation to the Selective Service System. Conscientious objection is also recognized by the Department of Defense.
The Department of Defense defines conscientious objection as a "firm, fixed, and sincere objection to participation in war in any form or the bearing of arms, by reason of religious training and/or belief". It defines "religious training and/or belief" as: Belief in an external power or "being" or deeply held moral or ethical belief, to which all else is subordinate or upon which all else is ultimately dependent, and which has the power or force to affect moral well-being. The external power or "being" need not be one that has found expression in either religious or societal traditions. However, it should sincerely occupy a place of equal or greater value in the life of its possessor. Deeply held moral or ethical beliefs should be valued with the strength and devotion of traditional religious conviction. The term "religious training and/or belief" may include solely moral or ethical beliefs even though the applicant may not characterize these beliefs as "religious" in the traditional sense, or may expressly characterize them as not religious. The term "religious training and/or belief" does not include a belief that rests solely upon considerations of policy, pragmatism, expediency, or political views.

Conscientious objection must be "sincere and meaningful" and occupy "a place in the life of its possessor parallel to that filled by an orthodox belief in God". Any mixture of sincere religious, moral, or ethical beliefs can qualify as conscientious objection. The term "religious training and belief" does not include essentially political, sociological, or philosophical views, or a merely personal moral code. A conscientious objector may have political, sociological, and philosophical views, but such views are not a replacement for religious and/or moral beliefs.A conscientious objector may still be willing to use force to defend themselves or others, and may even support a state's right to go to war, as long as the individual objects to personal participation in such armed conflict between states or groups.