Judicial review in the United States | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 04/12/2018

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Judicial review in the United States


00:01:39 1 Judicial review before the Constitution
00:03:04 2 The provisions of the Constitution
00:06:02 3 Statements by the framers of the Constitution regarding judicial review
00:06:14 3.1 The Constitutional Convention
00:09:48 3.2 The state ratification debates
00:12:12 3.3 iThe Federalist Papers/i
00:15:55 4 Judicial review between the adoption of the Constitution and iMarbury/i
00:16:07 4.1 The Judiciary Act of 1789
00:16:57 4.2 Court decisions from 1788 to 1803
00:21:15 4.3 Responses to the Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions
00:22:18 5 iMarbury v. Madison/i
00:27:45 6 Judicial review after iMarbury/i
00:30:30 7 Criticism of judicial review
00:35:45 8 Standard of review
00:42:09 9 Laws limiting judicial review
00:43:48 10 Administrative review
00:44:18 11 Notes
00:44:27 12 Further reading



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SUMMARY
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In the United States, judicial review is the ability of a court to examine and decide if a statute, treaty or administrative regulation contradicts or violates the provisions of existing law, a State Constitution, or ultimately the United States Constitution. While the U.S. Constitution does not explicitly define a power of judicial review, the authority for judicial review in the United States has been inferred from the structure, provisions, and history of the Constitution.Two landmark decisions by the U.S. Supreme Court served to confirm the inferred constitutional authority for judicial review in the United States: In 1796, Hylton v. United States was the first case decided by the Supreme Court involving a direct challenge to the constitutionality of an act of Congress, the Carriage Act of 1794 which imposed a "carriage tax". The Court engaged in the process of judicial review by examining the plaintiff's claim that the carriage tax was unconstitutional. After review, the Supreme Court decided the Carriage Act was constitutional. In 1803, Marbury v. Madison was the first Supreme Court case where the Court asserted its authority for judicial review to strike down a law as unconstitutional. At the end of his opinion in this decision, Chief Justice John Marshall maintained that the Supreme Court's responsibility to overturn unconstitutional legislation was a necessary consequence of their sworn oath of office to uphold the Constitution as instructed in Article Six of the Constitution.
As of  2014, the United States Supreme Court has held 176 Acts of the U.S. Congress unconstitutional.