Vicksburg Campaign | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2018-12-05

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Vicksburg Campaign


00:02:27 1 Background
00:02:35 1.1 Military situation
00:08:31 2 Battles in the Operations against Vicksburg, December 1862&#160;&#8211; January 1863
00:08:53 2.1 Chickasaw Bayou (December 26–29, 1862)
00:10:37 2.2 Arkansas Post (January 9–11, 1863)
00:12:06 3 Grant's Bayou Operations, January&#8211;March 1863
00:12:39 3.1 Grant's Canal
00:14:11 3.2 Lake Providence Expedition
00:15:07 3.3 Yazoo Pass Expedition
00:16:30 3.4 Steele's Bayou Expedition
00:17:13 3.5 Duckport Canal
00:18:04 4 Plan for the 1863 campaign and initial movements
00:20:46 5 Opposing forces
00:20:55 5.1 Union
00:21:46 5.2 Confederate
00:22:29 6 Battles in Grant's Operations against Vicksburg, April&#160;&#8211; July 1863
00:22:50 6.1 Grand Gulf (April 29, 1863)
00:24:22 6.2 Snyder's Bluff (April 29&#160;&#8211; May 1)
00:25:52 6.3 Port Gibson (May 1)
00:28:16 6.4 Raymond (May 12)
00:30:19 6.5 Jackson (May 14)
00:32:37 6.6 Champion Hill (May 16)
00:34:34 6.7 Big Black River Bridge (May 17)
00:35:55 6.8 Siege of Vicksburg (May 18&#160;&#8211; July 4)
00:37:39 7 Louisiana operations
00:37:53 7.1 Milliken's Bend (June 7)
00:38:25 7.2 Goodrich's Landing (June 29–30)
00:39:25 7.3 Helena (July 4)
00:39:50 8 Aftermath
00:45:59 9 See also



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SUMMARY
=======
The Vicksburg Campaign was a series of maneuvers and battles in the Western Theater of the American Civil War directed against Vicksburg, Mississippi, a fortress city that dominated the last Confederate-controlled section of the Mississippi River. The Union Army of the Tennessee under Maj. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant gained control of the river by capturing this stronghold and defeating Lt. Gen. John C. Pemberton's forces stationed there.
The campaign consisted of many important naval operations, troop maneuvers, failed initiatives, and eleven distinct battles from December 26, 1862, to July 4, 1863. Military historians divide the campaign into two formal phases: Operations Against Vicksburg (December 1862 – January 1863) and Grant's Operations Against Vicksburg (March–July 1863).
Grant initially planned a two-pronged approach in which half of his army, under Maj. Gen. William Tecumseh Sherman, would advance to the Yazoo River and attempt to reach Vicksburg from the northeast, while Grant took the remainder of the army down the Mississippi Central Railroad. Both of these initiatives failed. Grant conducted a number of "experiments" or expeditions—Grant's Bayou Operations—that attempted to enable waterborne access to the Mississippi south of Vicksburg's artillery batteries. All five of these initiatives failed as well. Finally, Union gunboats and troop transport boats ran the batteries at Vicksburg and met up with Grant's men who had marched overland in Louisiana. On April 29 and April 30, 1863, Grant's army crossed the Mississippi and landed at Bruinsburg, Mississippi. An elaborate series of demonstrations and diversions fooled the Confederates and the landings occurred without opposition. Over the next 17 days, Grant maneuvered his army inland and won five battles, captured the state capital of Jackson, Mississippi, and assaulted and laid siege to Vicksburg.
After Pemberton's army surrendered on July 4 (one day after the Confederate defeat at Gettysburg), and when Port Hudson surrendered to Maj. Gen. Nathaniel P. Banks on July 9, Texas and Arkansas were effectively cut off from the Confederacy, and the Mississippi River was once again open for northern commerce to reach the Gulf of Mexico, and as a supply line for the Union Army. Grant's Vicksburg Campaign is studied as a masterpiece of military operations and a major turning point of the war.