Surveying engineering | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-07-07

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surveying


00:01:32 1 Definition
00:02:23 2 History
00:02:32 2.1 Ancient history
00:04:31 2.2 Modern era
00:09:59 2.3 20th century
00:12:39 2.4 21st century
00:13:19 3 Equipment
00:13:27 3.1 Hardware
00:18:50 3.2 Software
00:19:19 4 Techniques
00:20:01 4.1 Distance measurement
00:21:12 4.2 Angle measurement
00:22:36 4.3 Levelling
00:24:45 4.4 Determining position
00:25:43 4.5 Reference networks
00:28:30 4.5.1 Datum and coordinate systems
00:29:53 4.6 Errors and accuracy
00:33:01 5 Types
00:38:19 5.1 Plane and geodetic surveying
00:39:27 6 Profession
00:41:45 6.1 Licensing
00:42:59 6.2 Surveying institutions
00:44:13 6.3 Building surveying
00:44:40 6.4 Cadastral surveying
00:46:19 6.5 Noteworthy surveyors
00:47:14 7 See also



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SUMMARY
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Surveying or land surveying is the technique, profession, art and science of determining the terrestrial or three-dimensional positions of points and the distances and angles between them. A land surveying professional is called a land surveyor. These points are usually on the surface of the Earth, and they are often used to establish maps and boundaries for ownership, locations, such as building corners or the surface location of subsurface features, or other purposes required by government or civil law, such as property sales.
Surveyors work with elements of geometry, trigonometry, regression analysis, physics, engineering, metrology, programming languages, and the law. They use equipment, such as total stations, robotic total stations, theodolites, GNSS receivers, retroreflectors, 3D scanners, radios, clinometer, handheld tablets, digital levels, subsurface locators, drones, GIS, and surveying software.
Surveying has been an element in the development of the human environment since the beginning of recorded history. The planning and execution of most forms of construction require it. It is also used in transport, communications, mapping, and the definition of legal boundaries for land ownership. It is an important tool for research in many other scientific disciplines.