Evolution of insects | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-05-10

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolution_of_insects


00:02:49 1 Fossils
00:08:21 2 Evolutionary history
00:10:54 2.1 Devonian
00:14:08 2.2 Carboniferous
00:17:49 2.3 Permian
00:23:04 2.4 Triassic
00:27:02 2.5 Jurassic
00:30:17 2.6 Cretaceous
00:35:01 2.7 Paleogene
00:36:15 2.8 Neogene
00:37:24 3 Phylogeny
00:39:44 3.1 Evolutionary relationships
00:41:05 4 Taxonomy
00:44:55 5 Early evidence
00:47:46 5.1 Odonata
00:54:13 6 Origin of insect flight
00:56:15 6.1 Theories
01:02:31 7 Life cycle
01:02:40 7.1 Mayflies
01:05:20 7.2 Distant ancestors
01:09:21 8 See also



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SUMMARY
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The most recent understanding of the evolution of insects is based on studies of the following branches of science: molecular biology, insect morphology, paleontology, insect taxonomy, evolution, embryology, bioinformatics and scientific computing. It is estimated that the class of insects originated on Earth about 480 million years ago, in the Ordovician, at about the same time terrestrial plants appeared. Insects evolved from a group of crustaceans. The first insects were land bound, but about 400 million years ago in the Devonian period one lineage of insects evolved flight, the first animals to do so. The oldest insect fossil has been proposed to be Rhyniognatha hirsti, estimated to be 400 million years old, but the insect identity of the fossil has been contested. Global climate conditions changed several times during the history of Earth, and along with it the diversity of insects. The Pterygotes (winged insects) underwent a major radiation in the Carboniferous (356 to 299 million years ago) while the Endopterygota (insects that go through different life stages with metamorphosis) underwent another major radiation in the Permian (299 to 252 million years ago).
Most extant orders of insects developed during the Permian period. Many of the early groups became extinct during the mass extinction at the Permo-Triassic boundary, the largest extinction event in the history of the Earth, around 252 million years ago. The survivors of this event evolved in the Triassic (252 to 201 million years ago) to what are essentially the modern insect orders that persist to this day. Most modern insect families appeared in the Jurassic (201 to 145 million years ago).
In an important example of co-evolution, a number of highly successful insect groups — especially the Hymenoptera (wasps, bees and ants) and Lepidoptera (butterflies) as well as many types of Diptera (flies) and Coleoptera (beetles) — evolved in conjunction with flowering plants during the Cretaceous (145 to 66 million years ago).Many modern insect genera developed during the Cenozoic that began about 66 million years ago; insects from this period onwards frequently became preserved in amber, often in perfect condition. Such specimens are easily compared with modern species, and most of them are members of extant genera.