Competition policy | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-01-14

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Competition_law


00:02:13 1 Principle
00:04:04 2 History
00:04:13 2.1 Roman legislation
00:05:15 2.2 Middle Ages
00:08:31 2.3 Early competition law in Europe
00:13:05 3 Modern competition law
00:13:48 3.1 United States antitrust
00:16:51 3.2 European Union law
00:20:33 3.3 India
00:21:45 3.4 International expansion
00:22:52 3.5 ASEAN member states
00:23:40 4 Enforcement
00:26:33 5 Theory
00:26:41 5.1 Classical perspective
00:29:58 5.2 Neo-classical synthesis
00:33:09 5.3 Chicago School
00:34:50 6 Practice
00:34:58 6.1 Collusion and cartels
00:35:08 6.2 Dominance and monopoly
00:38:42 6.3 Mergers and acquisitions
00:42:39 6.4 Intellectual property, innovation and competition
00:44:33 7 See also



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SUMMARY
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Competition law is a law that promotes or seeks to maintain market competition by regulating anti-competitive conduct by companies. Competition law is implemented through public and private enforcement. Competition law is known as "antitrust law" in the United States for historical reasons, and as "anti-monopoly law" in China and Russia. In previous years it has been known as trade practices law in the United Kingdom and Australia. In the European Union, it is referred to as both antitrust and competition law.The history of competition law reaches back to the Roman Empire. The business practices of market traders, guilds and governments have always been subject to scrutiny, and sometimes severe sanctions. Since the 20th century, competition law has become global. The two largest and most influential systems of competition regulation are United States antitrust law and European Union competition law. National and regional competition authorities across the world have formed international support and enforcement networks.
Modern competition law has historically evolved on a country level to promote and maintain fair competition in markets principally within the territorial boundaries of nation-states. National competition law usually does not cover activity beyond territorial borders unless it has significant effects at nation-state level. Countries may allow for extraterritorial jurisdiction in competition cases based on so-called effects doctrine. The protection of international competition is governed by international competition agreements. In 1945, during the negotiations preceding the adoption of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) in 1947, limited international competition obligations were proposed within the Charter for an International Trade Organisation. These obligations were not included in GATT, but in 1994, with the conclusion of the Uruguay Round of GATT Multilateral Negotiations, the World Trade Organization (WTO) was created. The Agreement Establishing the WTO included a range of limited provisions on various cross-border competition issues on a sector specific basis.