Tyrant | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-10-03

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyrant


00:01:26 1 Etymology
00:02:02 2 Definition
00:05:52 3 Early history
00:06:30 4 Historical forms
00:07:53 4.1 Aesymnetes
00:08:26 4.2 Populism
00:09:26 4.3 Archaic tyrants
00:10:29 4.3.1 Corinth
00:12:01 4.3.2 Athens
00:14:01 4.4 Sicilian tyrants
00:14:43 4.5 Later tyrants
00:15:56 4.6 Roman tyrants
00:17:23 5 In the classics
00:20:21 6 Enlightenment
00:21:16 7 Lists of tyrants
00:22:04 8 Methods of obtaining and retaining power
00:23:40 8.1 Obtaining
00:24:45 8.2 Retaining
00:25:29 9 See also



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SUMMARY
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A tyrant (from Ancient Greek τύραννος, túrannos), in the modern English-language usage of the word, is an absolute ruler unrestrained by law, or one who has usurped legitimate sovereignty. Often portrayed as cruel, tyrants may defend their position by oppressive means. The original Greek term, however, merely meant an authoritarian sovereign without reference to character, bearing no pejorative connotation during the Archaic and early Classical periods. However, Greek philosopher Plato saw tyrannos as a negative word, and on account of the decisive influence of philosophy on politics, its negative connotations only increased, continuing into the Hellenistic period.
The philosophers Plato and Aristotle defined a tyrant as a person who rules without law, using extreme and cruel methods against both their own people and others.The Encyclopédie defined the term as a usurper of sovereign power who makes "his subjects the victims of his passions and unjust desires, which he substitutes for laws".
In the late fifth and fourth centuries BC, a new kind of tyrant, one who had the support of the military, arose  – specifically in Sicily.
One can apply accusations of tyranny to a variety of types of government:

to government by an individual (in an autocracy)
to government by a minority (in an oligarchy, tyranny of the minority)
to government by a majority (in a democracy, tyranny of the majority)