Women's literary salons and societies in the Arab World | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-06-15

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women%27s_literary_salons_and_societies_in_the_Arab_world


00:01:38 1 Background to the nineteenth-century literary societies
00:01:50 1.1 Women and education
00:07:50 1.2 Women and the public sphere
00:09:58 1.3 Women and the Arab cultural renaissance
00:14:35 2 The salon
00:14:44 2.1 Terminology
00:16:18 2.2 The first salon
00:17:05 2.3 European influences
00:19:50 2.4 An evening spent in the salon
00:23:37 2.5 Men who visited the salon
00:24:56 3 Notable literary salons and societies
00:25:07 3.1 Marrash's Salon (Aleppo)
00:25:54 3.2 Princess Nāzlī Fādil's Salon (Cairo)
00:26:59 3.3 The Dawn of Syria (Beirut)
00:27:18 3.4 The Association of the Arab Women Awakening (Beirut)
00:27:37 3.5 Katy Antonius' Salon (Jerusalem)
00:28:31 3.6 Mayy Ziyadah's Salon (Cairo)
00:31:02 3.7 Huda Sha'arawi's Salon (Cairo / Beirut)
00:31:43 3.8 The Women's Literary Club (Damascus)
00:32:41 3.9 Sukaynah's Salon (Damascus)
00:33:38 4 Pioneering women behind the salons
00:36:30 5 Modern-day salons



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SUMMARY
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The tradition of women's literary circles in the Arab world dates back to the pre-Islamic period when the eminent literary figure, Al-Khansa, would stand in the 'Ukaz market in Mecca, reciting her poetry and airing her views on the scholarship of others. From this, a culture of literary criticism emerged among Arab women, and under the Umayyad dynasty, Sukaynah Bint Al-Husayn established the first literary salon in her home. The tradition was revived during the late nineteenth century, as a result of sweeping social, political and economic change within the Ottoman Empire and Europe's increasing political and cultural influence in the region. The initial pioneers of the Arab salon were women from wealthy families in Greater Syria and Egypt, who returned influenced by interaction with European women during their time spent studying abroad and frequenting Parisian salons, or studying in schools run by European or American missionaries. The salon evenings, run by women but attended by both men and women, provided a unique opportunity to have discussions about social, political and literary trends of the day. Though the tradition died out somewhat after the Second World War, it has left a lasting legacy on literary culture and women's issues throughout the Arab world. Indeed, more than one hundred years later, the UN Arab Human Development Report echoes what many people in Arab societies were coming to realise at that time: "An Arab Renaissance cannot be accomplished without the rise of women in Arab countries."