Single-bullet theory | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2018-12-29

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single-bullet_theory


00:04:34 1 Origin
00:13:35 2 Number and sequence of the shots
00:19:04 3 Location of back wound
00:23:43 4 Importance of bullet entry level to theory
00:28:35 5 Theorized path of the bullet CE399
00:42:12 6 Discovery Channel's reenactment of bullet CE 399's path
00:42:53 7 ABC's iThe Kennedy Assassination: Beyond Conspiracy/i
00:46:27 8 Neutron activation analysis of bullet fragments
00:46:40 8.1 Original bullet lead analysis by Vincent Guinn
00:48:32 8.2 Conclusions about the single-bullet theory from the NAA analysis
00:53:00 8.3 Forensic use of compositional bullet lead analysis
00:55:19 9 Criticisms of the single-bullet theory
00:55:51 9.1 Analysis based on Zapruder film and physical evidence
01:05:00 9.2 SBT requires missed shot
01:06:14 9.3 Right to left trajectory from 6th floor window
01:10:14 9.4 Shot pattern
01:13:03 9.5 Chain of evidence
01:14:15 10 In Popular Culture
01:14:57 11 See also
01:15:17 12 Notes
01:15:27 13 External links



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SUMMARY
=======
The single-bullet theory (or magic-bullet theory, as it is commonly called by its critics) was introduced by the Warren Commission in its investigation of the assassination of President John F. Kennedy to explain what happened to the bullet that struck Kennedy in the back and exited through his throat. Given the lack of damage to the presidential limousine consistent with it having been struck by a high-velocity bullet and the fact that Texas Governor John Connally was wounded and was seated on a jumper seat 1 1⁄2 feet (0.5 meters) in front of and slightly to the left of the president, the Commission concluded they were likely struck by the same bullet.
Generally credited to Warren Commission staffer Arlen Specter (later a United States Senator from Pennsylvania), this theory posits that a single bullet, known as "Warren Commission Exhibit 399" (or "CE 399") caused all the wounds to the governor and the non-fatal wounds to the president, which totals up to seven entry/exit wounds in both men.The theory says that a three-centimeter (1.2″)-long copper-jacketed lead-core 6.5×52mm Mannlicher–Carcano rifle bullet fired from the sixth floor of the Texas School Book Depository passed through President Kennedy's neck and went into Governor Connally's chest, went through his wrist, and embedded itself in the Governor's thigh. If so, this bullet traversed 15 layers of clothing, 7 layers of skin, and approximately 15 inches of muscle tissue, struck a necktie knot, removed 4 inches of rib, and shattered a radius bone. The bullet was found on a gurney in the corridor at Parkland Memorial Hospital after the assassination. The Warren Commission found that this gurney was the one that had borne Governor Connally. This bullet became a key exhibit for the Commission. Its copper jacket was completely intact. While the bullet's nose appeared normal, the tail was compressed laterally on one side.
In its conclusion, the Warren Commission found "persuasive evidence from the experts" that a single bullet caused the President's neck wound and all the wounds found in Governor Connally. It acknowledged that there was a "difference of opinion" among members of the Commission "as to this probability", but stated that the theory was not essential to its conclusions and that all members had no doubt that all shots were fired from the sixth floor window of the Depository building.
Most pro- and anti-conspiracy theorists believe that the single-bullet theory is essential to the Warren Commission's conclusion about how Lee Harvey Oswald acted alone. The reason for this is timing: if, as the Warren Commission found, President Kennedy was wounded some time between frames 210 and 225 of the Zapruder film and Governor Connally was wounded in the back/chest n ...