Antimicrobials in aquaculture | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-07-02

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antimicrobials_in_aquaculture


00:01:50 1 Overview
00:05:46 2 Example antimicrobials
00:05:56 2.1 Copper alloys
00:07:54 2.2 Methylene blue
00:08:44 2.3 Ozone
00:09:15 3 Some problematic antimicrobials
00:09:26 3.1 Malachite green
00:10:13 3.2 Chloramphenicol
00:10:53 3.3 Gentian violet
00:11:33 3.4 Nitrofurans
00:12:27 3.5 Floroquinolones



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SUMMARY
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Antimicrobials destroy bacteria, viruses, fungi, algae, and other microbes. The cells of bacteria (prokaryotes), such as salmonella, differ from those of higher-level organisms (eukaryotes), such as fish. Antibiotics are chemicals designed to either kill or inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria while exploiting the differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes in order to make them relatively harmless in higher-level organisms.  Antibiotics are constructed to act in one of three ways: by disrupting cell membranes of bacteria (rendering them unable to regulate themselves), by impeding DNA or protein synthesis, or by hampering the activity of certain enzymes unique to bacteria.Antibiotics are used in aquaculture to treat diseases caused by bacteria.  Sometimes the antibiotics are used to treat diseases, but more commonly antibiotics are used to prevent diseases by treating the water or fish before disease occurs. While this prophylactic method of preventing disease is profitable because it prevents loss and allows fish to grow more quickly, there are several downsides.  
The overuse of antibiotics can create antibiotic-resistant bacteria.  Antibiotic-resistant bacteria can spontaneously arise when selective pressure to survive results in changes to the DNA sequence of a bacterium allowing that bacterium to survive antibiotic treatments.  Because some of the same antibiotics are used to treat fish that are used to treat human disease, pathogenic bacteria causing human disease can also become resistant to antibiotics as a result of treatment of fish with antibiotics.  For this reason, the overuse of antibiotics in treatment of fish aquaculture (among other agricultural uses) could create public health issues.