Milk | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-05-10

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milk


00:01:44 1 Etymology
00:02:18 2 Types of consumption
00:02:42 2.1 Nutrition for infant mammals
00:03:49 2.2 Food product for humans
00:05:53 3 Terminology
00:06:42 3.1 Dairy milk alternatives
00:07:32 4 Evolution of lactation
00:08:20 5 History
00:11:30 5.1 Industrialization
00:15:02 5.2 Overproduction
00:16:06 6 Sources
00:17:31 6.1 Other animal-based sources
00:18:58 7 Production worldwide
00:20:15 7.1 Production yields
00:22:33 7.2 Price
00:23:26 8 Physical and chemical properties
00:24:11 8.1 pH
00:24:34 8.2 Lipids
00:26:20 8.3 Proteins
00:26:45 8.3.1 Caseins
00:28:36 8.4 Salts, minerals, and vitamins
00:29:37 8.4.1 Calcium phosphate structure
00:31:12 8.5 Sugars and carbohydrates
00:32:04 8.6 Miscellaneous contents
00:32:25 8.7 Appearance
00:33:15 9 Processing
00:33:45 9.1 Pasteurization
00:35:12 9.1.1 Filtration
00:36:35 9.2 Creaming and homogenization
00:39:36 9.3 UHT
00:40:41 10 Nutrition and health
00:41:52 10.1 Cow's milk
00:42:29 10.2 Nutritional value
00:44:29 10.3 Recommended consumption
00:45:16 10.4 Medical research
00:48:04 10.5 Lactose intolerance
00:50:28 10.6 Possible harms
00:53:26 10.7 Flavored milk in U.S. schools
00:54:19 11 Bovine growth hormone supplementation
00:56:11 12 Criticism
00:57:39 13 Varieties and brands
00:59:13 13.1 Reduction or elimination of lactose
01:02:02 13.2 Additives and flavoring
01:03:03 13.3 Distribution
01:03:33 13.3.1 Australia and New Zealand
01:05:43 13.3.2 India
01:06:56 13.3.3 Pakistan
01:07:14 13.3.4 United Kingdom
01:09:01 13.3.5 United States
01:09:49 13.4 Packaging
01:20:27 13.5 Spoilage and fermented milk products
01:23:38 14 Use in other food products
01:24:10 15 Language and culture
01:27:56 16 Other uses



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SUMMARY
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Milk is a nutrient-rich, white liquid food produced by the mammary glands of mammals. It is the primary source of nutrition for infant mammals (including humans who are breastfed) before they are able to digest other types of food. Early-lactation milk contains colostrum, which carries the mother's antibodies to its young and can reduce the risk of many diseases. It contains many other nutrients including protein and lactose. Interspecies consumption of milk is not uncommon, particularly among humans, many of whom consume the milk of other mammals.As an agricultural product, milk, also called dairy milk, is extracted from farm animals during or soon after pregnancy. Dairy farms produced about 730 million tonnes of milk in 2011, from 260 million dairy cows. India is the world's largest producer of milk, and is the leading exporter of skimmed milk powder, yet it exports few other milk products. The ever increasing rise in domestic demand for dairy products and a large demand-supply gap could lead to India being a net importer of dairy products in the future. The United States, India, China and Brazil are the world's largest exporters of milk and milk products. China and Russia were the world's largest importers of milk and milk products until 2016 when both countries became self-sufficient, contributing to a worldwide glut of milk.Throughout the world, more than six billion people consume milk and milk products. Over 750 million people live in dairy farming households.