Nondualism | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-01-08

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nondualism


00:02:37 1 Etymology
00:05:24 2 Definitions
00:09:24 3 Hinduism
00:11:24 3.1 Vedanta
00:11:51 3.1.1 Advaita Vedanta
00:14:48 3.1.1.1 Advaita Vedanta – Three levels of reality
00:16:28 3.1.1.2 Similarities and differences with Buddhism
00:20:27 3.1.2 Vishishtadvaita Vedanta
00:21:49 3.1.3 Neo-Vedanta
00:25:16 3.2 Kashmir Shaivism
00:27:28 3.3 Contemporary vernacular Advaita
00:28:05 3.3.1 Ramana Maharshi
00:29:04 3.3.2 Neo-Advaita
00:29:58 3.3.3 Natha Sampradaya and Inchegeri Sampradaya
00:30:30 4 Buddhism
00:32:14 4.1 Indian Buddhism
00:32:23 4.1.1 Madhyamaka – nonduality of conventional and ultimate truth
00:37:07 4.1.2 Yogacara
00:43:34 4.1.3 Buddha-nature
00:45:35 4.1.4 Tantric Buddhism
00:47:06 4.2 East-Asian Buddhism
00:47:16 4.2.1 Chinese Buddhism – nonduality of mundane and highest reality
00:49:50 4.2.2 Hua-yen Buddhism
00:50:50 4.2.3 Zen Buddhism
00:53:42 4.2.4 Essence-function in Korean Buddhism
00:54:44 4.3 Tibetan Buddhism
00:54:53 4.3.1 Adyava: Gelugpa school Prasangika Madhyamaka
00:55:27 4.3.2 Buddha-nature and the nature of mind
00:55:37 4.3.2.1 Shentong
00:57:44 4.3.2.2 Dzogchen
01:00:02 5 Other eastern religions
01:00:22 5.1 Sikhism
01:01:06 5.2 Taoism
01:01:40 6 Western traditions
01:03:18 6.1 Roman world
01:03:27 6.1.1 Gnosticism
01:03:55 6.1.2 Neoplatonism
01:04:53 6.2 Medieval Abrahamic religions
01:05:03 6.2.1 Christian contemplation and mysticism
01:07:56 6.2.2 Jewish Hasidism and Kabbalism
01:09:11 6.2.3 Neoplatonism in Islam
01:09:20 6.3 Western esotericism
01:10:29 6.3.1 Perennial philosophy
01:11:33 6.3.2 Orientalism
01:12:21 6.3.3 Transcendentalism and Unitarian Universalism
01:14:18 6.3.4 Neo-Vedanta
01:17:31 6.3.5 Theosophical Society
01:18:25 6.3.6 New Age
01:19:42 7 Scholarly debates
01:19:52 7.1 Nondual consciousness and mystical experience
01:20:39 7.1.1 Development
01:22:52 7.1.2 Criticism
01:23:52 7.2 Nondual consciousness as common essence
01:24:03 7.2.1 Common essence
01:26:15 7.2.2 Criticism
01:28:51 8 See also



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SUMMARY
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In spirituality, nondualism, also called non-duality, means "not two" or "one undivided without a second". Nondualism primarily refers to a mature state of consciousness, in which the dichotomy of I-other is "transcended", and awareness is described as "centerless" and "without dichotomies". Although this state of consciousness may seem to appear spontaneous, it usually follows prolonged preparation through ascetic or meditative/contemplative practice, which may include ethical injunctions. While the term "nondualism" is derived from Advaita Vedanta, descriptions of nondual consciousness can be found within Hinduism (Turiya, sahaja), Buddhism (Buddha-nature, rigpa, shentong), and western Christian and neo-Platonic traditions (henosis, mystical union).
The Asian idea of nondualism developed in the Vedic and post-Vedic Hindu philosophies, as well as in the Buddhist traditions. The oldest traces of nondualism in Indian thought are found as Advaita in the earlier Hindu Upanishads such as Brihadaranyaka Upanishad, as well as other pre-Buddhist Upanishads such as the Chandogya Upanishad, which emphasizes the unity of individual soul called Atman and the Supreme called Brahman. In Hinduism, nondualism has more commonly become associated with the Advaita Vedanta tradition of Adi Shankara.The Buddhist tradition added the teachings of śūnyatā; the two truths doctrine, the nonduality of the absolute and the relative truth, and the Yogachara notion of "mind/thought only" (citta-matra) or "representation-only" (vijñaptimātra). Vijñapti-mātra and the two truths doctrine, coupled with the concept of Buddha-nature, have also been influential concepts in the subsequent development of Mahayana Buddhism, not only in India, but also in C ...