Belief | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2018-12-15

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Belief


00:01:23 1 Knowledge and epistemology
00:03:13 2 As a psychological phenomenon
00:08:07 3 Epistemological belief compared to religious belief
00:08:27 3.1 Belief-in
00:09:38 3.2 Belief-that
00:09:46 3.2.1 Economical belief
00:10:17 3.2.2 Delusion
00:11:26 4 Formation
00:11:44 4.1 The conditional inference process
00:12:28 4.2 Linear models of belief formation
00:12:57 4.3 Information processing models of belief formation and change
00:15:11 5 Justified true belief
00:17:06 6 Modification
00:18:56 7 Partial
00:19:33 8 Prediction
00:20:33 9 Religion
00:21:24 9.1 Forms of religious belief
00:21:57 9.1.1 Fundamentalism
00:22:46 9.1.2 Orthodoxy
00:23:44 9.1.3 Modernism/reform
00:24:34 9.1.4 Superstition
00:25:27 9.1.5 Systemization
00:27:16 9.1.6 Universalism
00:28:53 9.2 Approaches to the beliefs of others
00:29:18 9.2.1 Exclusivism
00:30:45 9.2.2 Inclusivism
00:31:35 9.2.3 Pluralism
00:32:33 9.2.4 Syncretism
00:32:58 9.3 Adherence
00:35:45 9.4 Apostasy
00:38:24 10 Systems
00:38:55 10.1 Gilbert, sociological perspectives
00:39:57 10.2 Glover
00:42:40 10.3 Law
00:43:12 11 See also
00:43:21 12 Notes
00:43:30 13 Further reading
00:44:46 14 External links



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"The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing."
- Socrates



SUMMARY
=======
Belief is the state of mind in which a person thinks something to be the case with or without there being empirical evidence to prove that something is the case with factual certainty. Another way of defining belief sees it as a mental representation of an attitude positively oriented towards the likelihood of something being true. In the context of Ancient Greek thought, two related concepts were identified with regards to the concept of belief: pistis and doxa. Simplified, we may say that pistis refers to "trust" and "confidence", while doxa refers to "opinion" and "acceptance".  The English word "orthodoxy" derives from doxa.  Jonathan Leicester suggests that belief has the purpose of guiding action rather than indicating truth.In epistemology, philosophers use the term "belief" to refer to personal attitudes
associated with true or false ideas and concepts. However, "belief" does not require active introspection and circumspection. For example, we never ponder whether or not the sun will rise. We simply assume the sun will rise. Since "belief" is an important aspect of mundane life, according to Eric Schwitzgebel in the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, a related question asks: "how a physical organism can have beliefs?"