Hermes (spaceplane) | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-03-26

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermes_(spacecraft)


00:01:30 1 Development
00:01:39 1.1 Origins
00:04:39 1.2 Selection
00:07:07 1.3 iPhase 1: Study and pre-development./i
00:09:31 1.4 iPhase 2: Final development, manufacture &amp; initial operations./i
00:10:40 2 Design
00:17:34 2.1 Mission profiles and infrastructure
00:20:07 3 Hardware and mock-ups
00:20:36 4 In media
00:21:03 5 See also



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SUMMARY
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Hermes was a proposed spaceplane designed by the French Centre National d'Études Spatiales (CNES) in 1975, and later by the European Space Agency (ESA). It was superficially similar to the American Boeing X-20 Dyna-Soar and the larger Space Shuttle.
In January 1985, France proposed to proceed with Hermes development under the auspices of the ESA. Hermes was to have been part of a manned space flight program. It would have been launched using an Ariane 5 launch vehicle. In November 1987, the project was approved; it was to commence an initial pre-development phase from 1988 to 1990, after which the authorisation to proceed to full-rate development was to depend on the outcome of this phase. The project was subject to numerous delays and funding issues. In 1992, Hermes was cancelled, in part due to unachievable cost and performance goals, as well as the formation of a partnership with the Russian Aviation and Space Agency (RKA), which reduced the demand for an independent manned spaceplane. As a result, no Hermes shuttles were ever built.