Calculus | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 25/12/2018

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calculus


00:01:32 1 History
00:01:58 1.1 Ancient
00:03:10 1.2 Medieval
00:04:18 1.3 Modern
00:08:37 1.4 Foundations
00:11:33 1.5 Significance
00:12:58 2 Principles
00:13:07 2.1 Limits and infinitesimals
00:15:16 2.2 Differential calculus
00:16:46 2.3 Leibniz notation
00:17:34 2.4 Integral calculus
00:23:26 2.5 Fundamental theorem
00:25:27 3 Applications
00:31:11 4 Varieties
00:31:53 4.1 Non-standard calculus
00:34:03 4.2 Smooth infinitesimal analysis
00:38:10 4.3 Constructive analysis
00:38:26 5 See also
00:39:22 5.1 Lists
00:39:54 5.2 Other related topics
00:40:25 6 References
00:40:36 7 Further reading
00:41:01 7.1 Books



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SUMMARY
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Calculus (from Latin calculus, literally 'small pebble', used for counting and calculations, as on an abacus) is the mathematical study of continuous change, in the same way that geometry is the study of shape and algebra is the study of generalizations of arithmetic operations.
It has two major branches, differential calculus (concerning instantaneous rates of change and slopes of curves), and integral calculus (concerning accumulation of quantities and the areas under and between curves). These two branches are related to each other by the fundamental theorem of calculus. Both branches make use of the fundamental notions of convergence of infinite sequences and infinite series to a well-defined limit.
Generally, modern calculus is considered to have been developed in the 17th century by Isaac Newton and Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz. Today, calculus has widespread uses in science, engineering, and economics.Calculus is a part of modern mathematics education. A course in calculus is a gateway to other, more advanced courses in mathematics devoted to the study of functions and limits, broadly called mathematical analysis. Calculus has historically been called "the calculus of infinitesimals", or "infinitesimal calculus". The term calculus (plural calculi) is also used for naming specific methods of calculation or notation as well as some theories, such as propositional calculus, Ricci calculus, calculus of variations, lambda calculus, and process calculus.