Velocity Evolution : Inside the Dynamic World of Collisions 💥| InElastic Collision        #collision
Channel: SIGMA PHYSICS ⚛️
Date: 2023-10-31

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In physics, a collision occurs when two or more objects come into contact with each other, typically with some force involved. Collisions can be described and analyzed based on the interactions of the objects and the forces at play. There are two main types of collisions: elastic and inelastic.

1. **Elastic Collision:**
   - In an elastic collision, both momentum and kinetic energy are conserved. This means that the total momentum of the system before the collision is equal to the total momentum after the collision, and the total kinetic energy before the collision is equal to the total kinetic energy after the collision.
   - Elastic collisions are idealized scenarios because, in reality, some kinetic energy is often transformed into other forms of energy, such as heat or sound, due to imperfections and external forces.
   - Billiard balls colliding on a pool table are an example of nearly elastic collisions, as they preserve much of their initial kinetic energy.

2. **Inelastic Collision:**
   - In an inelastic collision, momentum is conserved, but kinetic energy is not. Some of the initial kinetic energy is transformed into other forms, such as heat, deformation energy, or sound.
   - In inelastic collisions, the objects may stick together after the collision (perfectly inelastic) or move separately but with some energy loss (partially inelastic).
   - Car collisions, where crumple zones absorb energy, are an example of inelastic collisions.

Key points about collisions:

- **Conservation of Momentum:** In both elastic and inelastic collisions, the total momentum of the system remains constant if no external forces are acting. This is described by the principle of conservation of momentum.

- **Coefficient of Restitution:** In some cases, the elasticity of a collision is described by the coefficient of restitution (e), which quantifies the "bounciness" of the collision. A perfectly elastic collision has e = 1, while a perfectly inelastic collision has e = 0.

- **Impulse:** Impulse, often calculated as the change in momentum, plays a crucial role in analyzing collisions. It is the product of the average force during the collision and the time over which the force is applied.

- **Applications:** Understanding collisions is important in various fields, including physics, engineering, and vehicle safety. It helps design crumple zones in cars, analyze the motion of particles in particle accelerators, and predict the outcomes of collisions in sports and games.

The study of collisions is a fundamental part of classical mechanics and plays a central role in understanding how objects interact and move in response to forces. It provides insight into how energy and momentum are transferred and conserved in various physical systems.

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