Battle of Shiloh | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2018-12-05

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Battle of Shiloh


00:02:40 1 Background and plans
00:02:49 1.1 Military situation
00:05:19 2 Opposing forces and initial movements
00:05:30 2.1 Union
00:08:55 2.2 Confederate
00:10:33 2.3 Comparison between Union and Confederate armies
00:11:23 2.4 Johnston's plan
00:13:41 3 Battle, April 6 (first day: iConfederate assault/i)
00:13:52 3.1 Early morning attack
00:18:40 3.2 Grant and his army rally
00:21:37 3.3 Lew Wallace's division
00:24:26 3.4 Hornet's Nest
00:28:20 3.5 Defense at Pittsburg Landing
00:30:13 3.6 Evening lull
00:33:53 4 Battle, April 7 (second day: iUnion counterattack/i)
00:37:16 4.1 Confederate retreat
00:38:41 5 Fallen Timbers, April 8
00:40:52 6 Aftermath
00:41:31 6.1 Reactions and effects
00:44:41 6.2 Subsequent events
00:47:21 6.3 Casualties
00:49:46 7 Notable veterans
00:50:59 8 Battlefield preservation
00:52:45 9 Honors and commemoration
00:53:13 10 In popular culture
00:54:52 10.1 Simulation games
00:55:41 11 See also



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SUMMARY
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The Battle of Shiloh (also known as the Battle of Pittsburg Landing) was a battle in the Western Theater of the American Civil War, fought April 6–7, 1862, in southwestern Tennessee. A Union force known as the Army of the Tennessee (Major General Ulysses S. Grant) had moved via the Tennessee River deep into Tennessee and was encamped principally at Pittsburg Landing on the west bank of the Tennessee River, where the Confederate Army of Mississippi (General Albert Sidney Johnston, P. G. T. Beauregard second-in-command) launched a surprise attack on Grant's army from its base in Corinth, Mississippi. Johnston was mortally wounded during the fighting; Beauregard took command of the army and decided against pressing the attack late in the evening. Overnight, Grant was reinforced by one of his divisions stationed further north and was joined by three divisions from the Army of the Ohio (Maj. Gen. Don Carlos Buell). The Union forces began an unexpected counterattack the next morning which reversed the Confederate gains of the previous day.
On April 6, the first day of the battle, the Confederates struck with the intention of driving the Union defenders away from the river and into the swamps of Owl Creek to the west. Johnston hoped to defeat Grant's army before the anticipated arrival of Buell and the Army of the Ohio. The Confederate battle lines became confused during the fighting, and Grant's men instead fell back to the northeast, in the direction of Pittsburg Landing. A Union position on a slightly sunken road, nicknamed the "Hornet's Nest" defended by the divisions of Brig. Gens. Benjamin Prentiss and William H. L. Wallace, provided time for the remainder of the Union line to stabilize under the protection of numerous artillery batteries. Wallace was mortally wounded when the position collapsed, while several regiments from the two divisions were eventually surrounded and surrendered. Johnston was shot in the leg and bled to death while leading an attack. Beauregard acknowledged how tired the army was from the day's exertions and decided against assaulting the final Union position that night. 
Tired but unfought and well-organized men from Buell's army and a division of Grant's army arrived in the evening of April 6 and helped turn the tide the next morning, when the Union commanders launched a counterattack along the entire line. Confederate forces were forced to retreat, ending their hopes of blocking the Union advance into northern Mississippi. The Battle of Shiloh was the bloodiest battle in American history until the Battle of Antietam in September (an overall bloodier battle and still the bloodiest single day in American military history), which was surpassed by the Battle of Chancellorsville the next year and soon after, by the three-day Battle of Gettysburg, the bloodiest of the war.