ELECTROLYSIS OF WATER
Channel: SCHOLAR PATHSHALA
Date: 2020-06-06

Hello!
Activity 1.7 of NCERT Class X Science.

Electrolysis of water.

It proceeds like this,
Take a plastic container with lid, prick two holes in lid. 

Take two pencils sharpened from both sides, they will work as carbon electrodes , fix those pencils in the two holes of lid tightly (The ‘pencils’ are actually ‘graphite rods’). 

Fill the container  two-thirds with water. Add a few drops of dilute Hydrochloric acid to water (to make water a good conductor of electricity).

Connect the outer ends of pencils to the two terminals (+ and –) of a 6 volt battery by wires.

The left side pencil connected to the negative terminal of the battery is called cathode (negative electrode). The right side carbon rod connected to the positive terminal of the battery is called anode (positive electrode).
Pass in electric current through water and leave the apparatus undisturbed for some time. 

We will see the bubbles of gases being formed at both the carbon electrodes inside the container, containing water .These gases are formed by the decomposition of water on passing electricity. 

The volume of gases collected over the two electrodes is not the same. The volume of gas collected on the negative electrode (left electrode) is double the volume of gas collected on the positive electrode (right electrode). 
Then test them one by one by bringing a burning candle close to the electrodes. 

When a burning candle is brought near the mouth of left pencil, the gas in it burns rapidly making a ‘popping sound’ (or ‘little explosion’). We know that hydrogen gas burns with a popping sound. So, the gas collected in the left side over negative electrode (which had double volume or 2 volumes) is hydrogen. 

When the burning candle is taken near the mouth of the right side test-tube, the candle starts burning brightly. We know that oxygen gas makes things burn brightly. So, the gas collected in the right side pencil over positive electrode (which had 1 volume) is oxygen.

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