Operation Torch | Wikipedia audio article
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Date: 2018-11-28

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Operation Torch

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SUMMARY
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Operation Torch (8–16 November 1942, formerly Operation Gymnast) was an Anglo–American invasion of French North Africa, during the North African Campaign of the Second World War. Torch was the debut of the mass involvement of US troops in the European–North African Theatre.
The Soviet Union had long pressed the US and British to start operations in Europe and open a second front, to reduce the pressure of German forces on the Red Army. While US commanders favored Operation Sledgehammer, a landing in Occupied Europe as soon as possible, British commanders believed that it was premature and likely to end in disaster and proposed landings in French North Africa. On 28 July, the Axis Afrika Korps, under General Erwin Rommel, captured Mersa Matruh, in Egypt, only 140 miles (230 km) from Alexandria.
Landings in north-west Africa would reduce pressure on Allied forces in Egypt, secure Allied naval control of the south-west Mediterranean and enable an invasion of Southern Europe in 1943. The U.S. President, Roosevelt, suspected that such landings would rule out an invasion of western Europe in 1943 but agreed to support the British Prime Minister Winston Churchill.
Senior US commanders remained strongly opposed to the landings and after the western Allied Combined Chiefs of Staff (CCS) met in Washington on 30 July, General George Marshall and Admiral Ernest King declined to approve the plan. Roosevelt gave a direct order that Torch was to have precedence over other operations and was to take place at the earliest possible date, one of only two direct orders he gave to military commanders during the war.