Upwelling | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 06/05/2019

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upwelling


00:01:22 1 Mechanisms
00:03:07 2 Types
00:03:48 2.1 Coastal
00:08:49 2.1.1 Equatorial
00:09:57 2.1.2 Southern Ocean
00:12:03 2.1.3 Other sources
00:13:28 3 Variations
00:16:10 4 High productivity
00:18:39 5 Threats to upwelling ecosystems



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SUMMARY
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Upwelling is  an oceanographic phenomenon that involves   wind-driven motion of dense, cooler, and usually nutrient-rich water towards the ocean surface, replacing the warmer, usually nutrient-depleted surface water.  The nutrient-rich upwelled water stimulates the growth and reproduction of primary producers such as phytoplankton. Due to the biomass of phytoplankton and presence of cool water in these regions, upwelling zones can be identified by cool sea surface temperatures (SST) and high concentrations of chlorophyll-a.The increased availability of nutrients in upwelling regions results in high levels of primary production and thus fishery production.  Approximately 25% of the total global marine fish catches come from five upwellings that occupy only 5% of the total ocean area. Upwellings that are driven by coastal currents or diverging open ocean have the greatest impact on nutrient-enriched waters and global fishery yields.