Evidence of common descent | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 07/05/2019

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evidence_of_common_descent


00:06:41 1 Evidence from comparative physiology and biochemistry
00:06:54 1.1 Genetics
00:09:30 1.1.1 Universal biochemical organisation and molecular variance patterns
00:11:12 1.1.2 DNA sequencing
00:14:09 1.1.3 Proteins
00:15:59 1.1.4 Pseudogenes
00:17:13 1.1.5 Other mechanisms
00:19:40 1.2 Specific examples from comparative physiology and biochemistry
00:19:54 1.2.1 Chromosome 2 in humans
00:21:52 1.2.2 Cytochrome c and b
00:25:25 1.2.3 Endogenous retroviruses
00:27:18 1.2.4 Recent African origin of modern humans
00:28:43 2 Evidence from comparative anatomy
00:29:30 2.1 Atavisms
00:32:03 2.2 Evolutionary developmental biology and embryonic development
00:34:00 2.3 Homologous structures and divergent (adaptive) evolution
00:35:46 2.4 Nested hierarchies and classification
00:36:59 2.4.1 Evolutionary trees
00:39:27 2.5 Vestigial structures
00:46:15 2.6 Specific examples from comparative anatomy
00:46:27 2.6.1 Insect mouthparts and appendages
00:47:56 2.6.2 Pelvic structure of dinosaurs
00:49:05 2.6.3 Pentadactyl limb
00:51:45 2.6.4 Recurrent laryngeal nerve in giraffes
00:53:06 2.6.5 Route of the vas deferens
00:53:59 3 Evidence from paleontology
00:56:38 3.1 Fossil record
00:59:17 3.1.1 Extent of the fossil record
01:01:08 3.2 Limitations
01:04:39 3.3 Specific examples from paleontology
01:04:51 3.3.1 Evolution of the horse
01:07:56 3.3.2 Transition from fish to amphibians
01:09:26 4 Evidence from biogeography
01:09:52 4.1 Continental distribution
01:14:34 4.2 Island biogeography
01:14:44 4.2.1 Types of species found on islands
01:17:15 4.2.2 Endemism
01:19:20 4.2.3 Adaptive radiations
01:21:45 4.3 Ring species
01:22:55 4.4 Specific examples from biogeography
01:23:07 4.4.1 Distribution of iGlossopteris/i
01:24:23 4.4.2 Metatherian distribution
01:26:39 4.4.3 Migration, isolation, and distribution of the camel
01:27:44 5 Evidence from selection
01:29:53 5.1 Artificial selection and experimental evolution
01:32:53 5.2 Invertebrates
01:33:02 5.2.1 Historical lead tolerance in iDaphnia/i
01:34:29 5.2.2 Peppered moths
01:34:51 5.3 Microbes
01:35:00 5.3.1 Antimicrobial resistance
01:36:42 5.3.2 Nylon-eating bacteria
01:37:38 5.4 Plants and fungi
01:37:48 5.4.1 Monkeyflower radiation
01:39:24 5.4.2 Radiotrophic fungi
01:40:33 5.5 Vertebrates
01:40:42 5.5.1 Guppies
01:43:56 5.5.2 Humans
01:46:32 5.5.3 Italian wall lizards
01:49:53 5.5.4 PAH resistance in killifish
01:50:51 5.5.5 PCB resistance in codfish
01:52:50 5.5.6 Urban wildlife
01:54:30 5.5.7 White Sands lizards
01:57:27 6 Evidence from speciation
02:01:50 6.1 Fossils
02:04:20 6.1.1 iGloborotalia/i
02:05:53 6.1.2 Radiolaria
02:07:24 6.1.3 iRhizosolenia/i
02:08:29 6.1.4 iTurborotalia/i
02:10:24 6.1.5 Vertebrates
02:12:13 6.2 Invertebrates
02:12:22 6.2.1 iDrosophila melanogaster/i
02:14:23 6.2.2 Gall wasps
02:16:10 6.2.3 Hawthorn fly
02:17:29 6.2.4 London Underground mosquito
02:20:00 6.2.5 Snapping shrimp and the isthmus of Panama
02:21:33 6.3 Plants
02:27:00 6.3.1 iMimulus peregrinus/i
02:28:13 6.3.2 iRaphanobrassica/i
02:29:32 6.3.3 iSenecio/i (groundsel)
02:32:02 6.3.4 Thale cress
02:33:54 6.3.5 iTragopogon/i (salsify)
02:36:37 6.4 Vertebrates
02:36:46 6.4.1 Blackcap
02:37:59 6.4.2 Mollies
02:39:31 6.4.3 Polar bear
02:42:44 7 Evidence from coloration
02:43:47 7.1 Mimicry and aposematism
02:44:44 7.2 Camouflage
02:45:57 8 Evidence from mathematical modeling
02:51:36 9 See also



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SUMMARY
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Evidence of common descent of living organisms has been discovered by scientists researching in a variety of disciplines over many decades, demonstrating that all life on Earth comes from a single ancestor. This forms an important part of the evidence on which evolutionary theory rests, demonstrates that evolution does occur, and illust ...