Iconoclasm | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-05-07

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iconoclasm


00:01:50 1 Religious iconoclasm
00:02:00 1.1 Ancient era
00:03:59 1.2 Byzantine era
00:06:07 1.3 Reformation era
00:11:27 1.4 Muslim iconoclasm
00:17:17 1.5 India
00:20:07 1.6 Other examples of religious iconoclasm
00:22:18 2 Political and revolutionary iconoclasm
00:22:29 2.1 iDamnatio memoriae/i
00:23:41 2.2 Iconoclasm in the French Revolution
00:25:03 2.3 Destruction of Hindu temples
00:25:18 2.3.1 During the Muslim conquest of Sindh
00:26:21 2.3.2 Later destruction of Hindu temples
00:27:21 2.4 Chinese iconoclasm
00:29:33 2.5 Iconoclasm in Eastern Europe
00:31:28 2.6 Other examples
00:34:35 3 See also



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SUMMARY
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for the absence of material representations of both the natural and supernatural worlds see Aniconism

Iconoclasm is the social belief in the importance of the destruction of icons and other images or monuments, most frequently for religious or political reasons. People who engage in or support iconoclasm are called iconoclasts, a term that has come to be figuratively applied to any individual who challenges "cherished beliefs or venerated institutions on the grounds that they are erroneous or pernicious".Conversely, one who reveres or venerates religious images is called (by iconoclasts) an iconolater; in a Byzantine context, such a person is called an iconodule or iconophile.The term does not generally encompass the specific destruction of images of a ruler after his death or overthrow (damnatio memoriae).
Iconoclasm may be carried out by adherents of a different religion, but it is more often the result of sectarian disputes between factions of the same religion. Within Christianity, iconoclasm has generally been motivated by those who adopt a strict interpretation of the Ten Commandments, which forbid the making and worshipping of "graven images or any likeness of anything". The later Church Fathers identified Jews, fundamental iconoclasts, with heresy and saw deviations from orthodox Christianity and opposition to the veneration of images as heresies that were essentially "Jewish in spirit". The degree of iconoclasm among Christian branches greatly varies. Islam, in general, tends to be more iconoclastic than Christianity, with Sunni Islam being more iconoclastic than Shia Islam.