Magnetometer | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-03-17

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetometer


00:01:54 1 Introduction
00:02:04 1.1 Magnetic fields
00:03:23 1.2 Types of magnetometer
00:05:30 1.3 Performance and capabilities
00:08:41 1.4 Early magnetometers
00:10:37 2 Laboratory magnetometers
00:12:19 2.1 SQUID (superconducting quantum interference device)
00:13:09 2.2 Inductive pickup coils
00:14:23 2.3 VSM (vibrating-sample magnetometer)
00:15:31 2.4 Pulsed-field extraction magnetometry
00:16:26 2.5 Torque magnetometry
00:17:46 2.6 Faraday force magnetometry
00:19:43 2.7 Optical magnetometry
00:21:42 3 Survey magnetometers
00:23:45 3.1 Scalar magnetometers
00:23:55 3.1.1 Proton precession magnetometer
00:26:24 3.1.2 Overhauser effect magnetometer
00:27:43 3.1.3 Caesium vapour magnetometer
00:31:03 3.1.4 Potassium vapour magnetometer
00:31:34 3.1.5 Applications
00:32:40 3.2 Vector magnetometers
00:33:41 3.2.1 Rotating coil magnetometer
00:34:13 3.2.2 Hall effect magnetometer
00:34:52 3.2.3 Magnetoresistive devices
00:35:42 3.2.4 Fluxgate magnetometer
00:40:47 3.2.5 SQUID magnetometer
00:42:33 3.2.6 Spin-exchange relaxation-free (SERF) atomic magnetometers
00:44:08 4 Calibration of magnetometers
00:45:10 5 Uses
00:46:26 5.1 Archaeology
00:47:42 5.2 Auroras
00:48:11 5.3 Coal exploration
00:49:34 5.4 Directional drilling
00:50:03 5.5 Military
00:52:11 5.6 Mineral exploration
00:56:10 5.7 Mobile telephones
00:57:27 5.8 Oil exploration
00:58:08 5.9 Spacecraft
00:58:55 5.10 Magnetic surveys
00:59:37 5.10.1 Magnetovision
01:00:05 5.10.2 Gradiometer
01:01:33 5.10.3 Position control of magnetic surveys
01:02:29 5.10.4 Heading errors in magnetic surveys
01:04:58 5.10.5 Image processing of magnetic data



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SUMMARY
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A magnetometer or magnetic sensor is an instrument that measures magnetism—either the magnetization of a magnetic material like a ferromagnet, or the direction, strength, or relative change of a magnetic field at a particular location. A compass is a simple type of magnetometer, one that measures the direction of an ambient magnetic field.
The first magnetometer capable of measuring the absolute magnetic intensity was invented by Carl Friedrich Gauss in 1833 and notable developments in the 19th century included the Hall effect, which is still widely used.
Magnetometers are widely used for measuring the Earth's magnetic field and in geophysical surveys to detect magnetic anomalies of various types. They are also used in the military to detect submarines. Consequently, some countries, such as the United States, Canada and Australia, classify the more sensitive magnetometers as military technology, and control their distribution.
Magnetometers can be used as metal detectors: they can detect only magnetic (ferrous) metals, but can detect such metals at a much larger depth than conventional metal detectors; they are capable of detecting large objects, such as cars, at tens of metres, while a metal detector's range is rarely more than 2 metres.
In recent years, magnetometers have been miniaturized to the extent that they can be incorporated in integrated circuits at very low cost and are finding increasing use as miniaturized compasses (MEMS magnetic field sensor).