Endocytosis
Channel: all the knowledge of the universe PRINCIPIA
Date: 2022-01-22

Endocytosis, by Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=10116 / CC BY SA 3.0

#Cellular_processes
#Membrane_biology
#Cell_anatomy
The different types of endocytosis Endocytosis is a cellular process in which substances are brought into the cell.
The material to be internalized is surrounded by an area of cell membrane, which then buds off inside the cell to form a vesicle containing the ingested material.
Endocytosis includes pinocytosis （cell drinking） and phagocytosis （cell eating）.
It is a form of active transport.
The term was proposed by De Duve in 1963.
Phagocytosis was discovered by Élie Metchnikoff in 1882.
Schematic drawing illustrating clathrin-mediated （left） and clathrin-independent endocytosis （right） of synaptic vesicle membranes.
Endocytosis pathways can be subdivided into four categories: namely, receptor-mediated endocytosis （also known as clathrin-mediated endocytosis）, caveolae, pinocytosis, and phagocytosis.
More recent experiments have suggested that these morphological descriptions of endocytic events may be inadequate, and a more appropriate method of classification may be based upon the clathrin-dependence of particular pathways,
with multiple subtypes of clathrin-dependent and clathrin-independent endocytosis.
Mechanistic insight into non-phagocytic, clathrin-independent endocytosis has been lacking, but a recent study has shown how Graf1 regulates a highly prevalent clathrin-independent endocytic pathway known as the CLIC/GEEC pathway.
The endocytic pathway of mammalian cells consists of distinct membrane compartments, which internalize molecules from the plasma membrane and recycle them back to the surface （as in early endosomes and recycling endosomes）,
or sort them to degradation （as in late endosomes and lysosomes）.
The principal components of the endocytic pathway are: It was recently found that an eisosome serves as a portal of endocytosis in yeast.
The major route for endocytosis in most cells, and the best-understood, is that ...