Naturalism
Channel: English Unpacked
Date: 2023-09-13

Naturalism is a literary and philosophical movement that emerged in the late 19th century. It can be defined as a worldview that emphasizes the scientific understanding of the natural world and rejects supernatural or spiritual explanations. In literature, naturalism aims to depict human beings as products of their environment, shaped by forces beyond their control.
In literature, naturalism often focuses on the harsh realities of life, such as poverty, social inequality, and the struggle for survival. It presents characters as driven by their instincts and influenced by their social and economic circumstances. Naturalist writers often depict characters as victims of their environment, showing how external forces shape their lives.
One prominent example of naturalism in literature is the novel "The Grapes of Wrath" by John Steinbeck. The story follows the Joad family, who are forced to leave their Oklahoma farm during the Dust Bowl era of the Great Depression. The novel portrays the family's journey to California, where they face poverty, exploitation, and the harsh conditions of migrant labor. Through vivid descriptions and realistic dialogue, Steinbeck captures the struggles and hardships faced by the characters, portraying them as products of their social and economic circumstances.
Another example of naturalism can be found in the short story "To Build a Fire" by Jack London. The story follows a man who is traveling through the harsh Yukon wilderness during a freezing winter. As the man faces various obstacles, such as falling into freezing water and struggling to start a fire, London emphasizes the power of nature and the fragility of human existence. The story illustrates the idea that humans are at the mercy of their environment, and that even the most experienced and confident individuals can be brought down by natural forces.
Overall, naturalism in literature seeks to portray the human experience as shaped by external forces, such as social conditions and the natural world. It aims to provide a realistic and often gritty depiction of life, highlighting the influence of these forces on individuals and their actions.