Tholin | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2018-12-08

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Tholin


00:00:58 1 Overview
00:03:02 2 Formation
00:05:04 3 Biological significance
00:06:28 4 Occurrence
00:07:11 4.1 Moons
00:07:19 4.1.1 Titan
00:07:54 4.1.2 Europa
00:08:37 4.1.3 Rhea
00:08:52 4.1.4 Triton
00:09:12 4.2 Dwarf planets
00:09:20 4.2.1 Pluto
00:09:54 4.2.2 Ceres
00:10:10 4.2.3 Makemake
00:10:32 4.3 Kuiper belt objects and Centaurs
00:11:00 4.4 Comets and asteroids
00:11:25 4.5 Tholins beyond the Solar System
00:12:09 5 See also



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SUMMARY
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Tholins (after the Greek  θολός (tholós) "hazy" or "muddy"; from the ancient Greek word meaning "sepia ink") is an informal name given to a wide variety of organic compounds formed by solar ultraviolet irradiation or cosmic rays from simple carbon-containing compounds such as carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) or ethane (C2H6), often in combination with nitrogen (N2). Tholins do not form naturally on modern-day Earth, but they are found in great abundance on the surface of icy bodies in the outer Solar System, and as reddish aerosols in the atmosphere of outer Solar System planets and moons.
When in the presence of water, tholins may facilitate the formation of prebiotic chemistry to take place, and has implication of the origins of life on Earth and possibly, on other planets. As particles in an atmosphere, tholins scatter light and can affect habitability.