Gregorian chant | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2018-12-15

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Gregorian chant


00:02:10 1 History
00:02:19 1.1 Development of earlier plainchant
00:06:23 1.2 Origins of mature plainchant
00:09:23 1.3 Dissemination and hegemony
00:12:12 1.4 Early sources and later revisions
00:17:15 2 Musical form
00:17:24 2.1 Melodic types
00:21:13 2.2 Modality
00:27:03 2.3 Musical idiom
00:29:02 2.4 Notation
00:31:59 3 Performance
00:32:08 3.1 Texture
00:35:17 3.2 Rhythm
00:43:45 3.3 Melodic restitution
00:46:27 4 Liturgical functions
00:47:15 4.1 Proper chants of the Mass
00:50:26 4.2 Ordinary chants of the Mass
00:52:28 4.3 Chants of the Office
00:53:21 5 Influence
00:53:30 5.1 Medieval and Renaissance music
00:55:55 5.2 20th century
00:56:57 5.2.1 Popular culture
00:58:48 6 See also



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SUMMARY
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Gregorian chant is the central tradition of Western plainchant, a form of monophonic, unaccompanied sacred song of the Roman Catholic Church. Gregorian chant developed mainly in western and central Europe during the 9th and 10th centuries, with later additions and redactions. Although popular legend credits Pope Gregory I with inventing Gregorian chant, scholars believe that it arose from a later Carolingian synthesis of Roman chant and Gallican chant.
Gregorian chants were organized initially into four, then eight, and finally 12 modes. Typical melodic features include a characteristic ambitus, and also characteristic intervallic patterns relative to a referential mode final, incipits and cadences, the use of reciting tones at a particular distance from the final, around which the other notes of the melody revolve, and a vocabulary of musical motifs woven together through a process called centonization to create families of related chants. The scale patterns are organized against a background pattern formed of conjunct and disjunct tetrachords, producing a larger pitch system called the gamut. The chants can be sung by using six-note patterns called hexachords. Gregorian melodies are traditionally written using neumes, an early form of musical notation from which the modern four-line and five-line staff developed. Multi-voice elaborations of Gregorian chant, known as organum, were an early stage in the development of Western polyphony.
Gregorian chant was traditionally sung by choirs of men and boys in churches, or by men and women of religious orders in their chapels. It is the music of the Roman Rite, performed in the Mass and the monastic Office. Although Gregorian chant supplanted or marginalized the other indigenous plainchant traditions of the Christian West to become the official music of the Christian liturgy, Ambrosian chant still continues in use in Milan, and there are musicologists exploring both that and the Mozarabic chant of Christian Spain. Although Gregorian chant is no longer obligatory, the Roman Catholic Church still officially considers it the music most suitable for worship. During the 20th century, Gregorian chant underwent a musicological and popular resurgence.