Jet engines | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 17/05/2019

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jet_engine


00:02:08 1 History
00:10:50 2 Uses
00:12:26 3 Types of jet engine
00:12:45 3.1 Airbreathing
00:13:09 3.1.1 Turbine powered
00:13:47 3.1.1.1 Turbojet
00:14:39 3.1.1.2 Turbofan
00:15:48 3.1.2 Ram compression
00:17:07 3.1.3 Non-continuous combustion
00:17:16 4 Other types of jet propulsion
00:17:27 4.1 Rocket
00:20:31 4.2 Hybrid
00:20:47 4.3 Water jet
00:21:18 5 General physical principles
00:22:03 5.1 Propelling nozzle
00:24:28 5.2 Thrust
00:24:36 5.3 Energy efficiency relating to aircraft jet engines
00:40:33 5.4 Consumption of fuel or propellant
00:42:20 5.5 Thrust-to-weight ratio
00:43:41 5.6 Comparison of types
00:46:58 5.7 Altitude and speed
00:48:33 5.8 Noise
00:50:27 5.9 Cooling
00:50:57 6 See also



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SUMMARY
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A jet engine is a type of reaction engine discharging a fast-moving jet that generates thrust by jet propulsion. This broad definition includes airbreathing jet engines (turbojets, turbofans, ramjets, and pulse jets). In general, jet engines are combustion engines.
Common parlance applies the term jet engine only to various airbreathing jet engines.  These typically feature a rotating air compressor powered by a turbine, with the leftover power providing thrust via a propelling nozzle – this process is known as the Brayton thermodynamic cycle. Jet aircraft use such engines for long-distance travel.  Early jet aircraft used turbojet engines which were relatively inefficient for subsonic flight. Most modern subsonic jet aircraft use more complex high-bypass turbofan engines.  They give higher speed and greater fuel efficiency than piston and propeller aeroengines over long distances.  A few air-breathing engines made for high speed applications (ramjets and scramjets) use the ram effect of the vehicle's speed instead of a mechanical compressor.
The thrust of a typical jetliner engine went from 5,000 lbf (22,000 N) (de Havilland Ghost turbojet) in the 1950s to 115,000 lbf (510,000 N) (General Electric GE90 turbofan) in the 1990s, and their reliability went from 40 in-flight shutdowns per 100,000 engine flight hours to less than 1 per 100,000 in the late 1990s. This, combined with greatly decreased fuel consumption, permitted routine transatlantic flight by twin-engined airliners by the turn of the century, where before a similar journey would have required multiple fuel stops.