Polarity (international relations) | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 23/12/2018

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polarity_(international_relations)


00:00:59 1 Unipolarity
00:07:24 1.1 American primacy
00:13:16 1.1.1 Kenneth Waltz
00:16:55 1.1.2 Thomas Mowle and David Sacko
00:19:25 1.1.3 John Ikenberry
00:20:54 1.1.4 Barry Posen
00:22:06 2 Bipolarity
00:23:11 2.1 Multi-state examples of bipolarity
00:24:10 3 Multipolarity
00:26:26 4 Nonpolarity
00:27:06 5 Devolution
00:28:09 6 Measuring the power concentration
00:29:25 7 See also
00:30:12 8 Bibliography
00:30:53 9 References
00:31:21 10 External links



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SUMMARY
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Polarity in international relations is any of the various ways in which power is distributed within the international system. It describes the nature of the international system at any given period of time. One generally distinguishes three types of systems: unipolarity, bipolarity, and multipolarity for four or more centers of power.  The type of system is completely dependent on the distribution of power and influence of states in a region or globally.
It is widely believed amongst theorists in international relations that the post-Cold War international system is unipolar: The United States’ defense spending is “close to half of global military expenditures; a blue-water navy superior to all others combined; a chance at a powerful nuclear first strike over its erstwhile foe, Russia; a defense research and development budget that is 80 percent of the total defense expenditures of its most obvious future competitor, China; and unmatched global power-projection capabilities.”