Succession to Muhammad | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2018-12-15

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Succession to Muhammad


00:02:02 1 Historiography
00:04:36 2 Historical viewpoint
00:04:45 2.1 The feast of Dhul Asheera
00:07:20 2.2 The event of Ghadir Khumm
00:08:30 2.3 The army of Usama bin Zayd
00:10:41 2.4 Incident of the pen and paper
00:12:53 2.5 Saqifa
00:16:20 2.6 Attack on Muhammad's family
00:19:39 3 Shia view
00:20:37 3.1 Position of Ali before Prophet's death
00:21:31 3.2 The Qur'an
00:21:51 3.3 iAhadith/i
00:22:20 3.3.1 Ghadir Khumm
00:22:52 3.3.2 Hadith al-Thaqalayn
00:23:20 3.3.3 Summoning the Family
00:25:04 3.3.4 Hadith al-Manzila
00:25:25 3.3.5 Hadith al-Safina
00:25:55 3.3.6 Hadith Aman al-Umma
00:26:17 3.4 Final illness
00:28:23 3.5 Events in the Saqifah
00:29:01 3.6 Shī‘at of ‘Alī
00:30:29 4 Sunni view
00:31:25 4.1 Ghadir Khumm
00:33:50 4.2 Attitude towards Ali
00:34:32 5 Western academic views
00:36:11 6 See also



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SUMMARY
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The succession to Muhammad is the central issue that divided the Muslim community into several divisions in the first century of Muslim history. A few months prior to his death, Muhammad delivered a sermon at Ghadir Khumm where he announced that Ali ibn Abi Talib would be his successor. After the sermon, Muhammad ordered the Muslims to pledge allegiance to Ali. Both Shia and Sunni sources agree that Abu Bakr, Umar ibn al-Khattab, and Uthman ibn Affan were among the many who pledged allegiance to Ali at this event. However, just after Muhammad died, a group of approximately fourteen Muslims met at Saqifa, where Umar pledged allegiance to Abu Bakr. Abu Bakr then assumed political power, and his supporters became known as the Sunnis. Despite that, a group of Muslims kept their allegiance to Ali. These people, who became known as Shias, held that while Ali's right to be the political leader may have been taken, he was still the religious and spiritual leader after Muhammad.Eventually, after the deaths of Abu Bakr and the next two Sunni leaders, Umar and Uthman, the Sunni Muslims went to Ali for political leadership. After Ali died, his son Hasan ibn Ali succeeded him, both politically and, according to Shias, religiously. However, after six months, he made a peace treaty with Muawiya ibn Abu Sufyan, which stipulated that, among other conditions, Muawiya would have political power as long as he did not choose who would succeed him. Muawiya broke the treaty and named his son Yazid ibn Muawiya his successor, thus forming the Umayyad dynasty. While this was going on, Hasan and, after his death, his brother Husain ibn Ali, remained the religious leaders, at least according to the Shia. Thus, according to Sunnis, whoever held political power was considered the successor to Muhammad, while according to Shias, the twelve Imams (Ali, Hasan, Husain, and Husain's descendants) were the successors to Muhammad, even if they did not hold political power.
In addition to these two main branches, many other opinions also formed regarding succession to Muhammad.