Edmund Muskie | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2018-12-03

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Edmund Muskie


00:03:43 1 Early life and education
00:07:15 1.1 Marriage and children
00:08:42 2 U.S. Navy Reserve, 1942–1945
00:11:01 3 Maine House of Representatives
00:14:29 4 Governor of Maine, 1955–1959
00:14:41 4.1 Gubernatorial campaign
00:17:24 4.2 First term
00:19:23 4.3 Second term
00:22:39 5 United States Senate, 1959–1980
00:22:51 5.1 Elections and campaigns
00:24:00 5.1.1 Election eve speech
00:27:11 5.2 First and second term
00:32:13 5.3 Third and fourth term
00:36:35 6 Campaigns for the White House
00:36:45 6.1 1968 presidential election
00:36:56 6.1.1 Campaign
00:38:37 6.2 1972 presidential election
00:38:48 6.2.1 Background and primaries
00:40:37 6.2.2 "Canuck letter"
00:42:39 6.3 1976 presidential election
00:43:09 7 U.S. Secretary of State, 1980-81
00:43:53 7.1 Draft Muskie movement
00:45:12 7.2 Afghanistan
00:45:58 7.3 Soviet Union
00:47:04 7.4 Iran hostage crisis
00:48:37 8 Return to law and the commission
00:49:03 8.1 Tower Commission
00:50:17 9 Death and funeral
00:52:21 10 Legacy
00:52:30 10.1 Historical evaluations
00:57:38 10.2 Public and political image
01:00:10 10.3 Honors and memorials
01:04:18 11 See also



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SUMMARY
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Edmund Sixtus Muskie (March 28, 1914 – March 26, 1996) was an American statesman  and political leader who served as the 58th United States Secretary of State under President Jimmy Carter, a United States Senator from Maine from 1959 to 1980, the 64th Governor of Maine from 1955 to 1959, a member of the Maine House of Representatives from 1946 to 1951, and the Democratic Party's candidate for Vice President of the United States in the 1968 election.
Born in Rumford, Maine to Polish parents, Muskie graduated from Bates College in Lewiston, and Cornell University in Ithaca. He worked as a lawyer for two years before serving in the United States Naval Reserve from 1942 to 1945 during World War II. Upon his return, Muskie served in the Maine State Legislature from 1946 to 1951 against heavy Republican opposition. Despite an unsuccessful bid for the mayoralty of Waterville, he was elected the 64th Governor of Maine in an upset victory as its first Roman Catholic in 1954. Although elected as a reform Governor, Muskie split from his mandate; he amended its constitution multiple times to consolidate power, suspended the "as Maine goes, so goes the nation" doctrine, pressed aggressive economic expansionism and instated environmental provisions. Muskie's actions severed a nearly 100-year Republican stronghold, led to the political insurgency of the Maine Democrats, and pushed Maine into the Golden Age of Capitalism. He used his increased public presence to gain a seat in the United States Senate representing his home state.
His legislative accomplishments during his career as a Senator facilitated a vast expansion of modern liberalism in the United States. He fathered the 1960s environmental movement which culminated in the passage of the Clean Air Act of 1970 and Clean Water Act of 1972—hallmarks of international environmental policy. A supporter of the civil rights movement, Muskie rallied support for the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the creation of Martin Luther King Jr. Day and tapered Richard Nixon's "Imperial Presidency" by advancing New Federalism. Muskie ran alongside Hubert Humphrey against Nixon in the 1968 presidential election, only to lose by 0.7 percentage points (42.72% vs. 43.42%), one of the narrowest margins in the history of the United States. He would go on to run in the 1972 presidential election where he secured 1.84 million votes in the primaries coming in fourth out of 15 contesters. The release of the controversial "Canuck letter" derailed his campaign.

After the election, he returned to the Senate where he gave the 1976 State of the Union Response. Muskie served as first chairman of the new Senate Budget Committee from 1975 to 1980 where he established the United States budget process. Upon his retirement from the Senat ...