Bombing of Dresden in World War II | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-05-15

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombing_of_Dresden_in_World_War_II


00:02:30 1 Background
00:08:17 1.1 Military and industrial profile
00:11:33 2 The attacks
00:11:41 2.1 Night of 13/14 February
00:17:28 2.2 14–15 February
00:22:38 2.3 German defensive action
00:23:37 2.4 On the ground
00:29:28 2.5 Fatalities
00:32:05 3 Wartime political responses
00:32:15 3.1 German
00:35:06 3.2 British
00:40:22 4 Timeline
00:40:30 5 Reconstruction and reconciliation
00:44:28 6 Post-war debate
00:45:43 6.1 Legal considerations
00:46:23 6.2 Falsification of evidence
00:47:12 6.2.1 Marshall inquiry
00:49:22 6.2.2 U.S. Air Force Historical Division report
00:54:32 6.3 Arguments against justification
00:54:41 6.3.1 Military reasons
00:56:52 6.3.1.1 Military facilities in the north
00:57:19 6.3.2 As an immoral act, but not a war crime
00:58:44 6.3.3 As a war crime
01:01:41 6.3.4 Political response in Germany
01:03:26 7 In art and popular culture
01:03:36 7.1 Kurt Vonnegut
01:07:02 7.2 Other
01:09:57 8 See also



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SUMMARY
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The bombing of Dresden was a British/American aerial bombing attack on the city of Dresden, the capital of the German state of Saxony, during World War II in the European Theatre. In four raids between 13 and 15 February 1945, 722 heavy bombers of the British Royal Air Force (RAF) and 527 of the United States Army Air Forces (USAAF) dropped more than 3,900 tons of high-explosive bombs and incendiary devices on the city. The bombing and the resulting firestorm destroyed over 1,600 acres (6.5 km2) of the city centre. An estimated 22,700 to 25,000 people were killed, although larger casualty figures have been claimed. Three more USAAF air raids followed, two occurring on 2 March aimed at the city's railway marshalling yard and one smaller raid on 17 April aimed at industrial areas.
Immediate German propaganda claims following the attacks and post-war discussions on whether the attacks were justified have led to the bombing becoming one of the moral causes célèbres of the war. A 1953 United States Air Force report defended the operation as the justified bombing of a strategic target, which they noted was a major rail transport and communication centre, housing 110 factories and 50,000 workers in support of the German war effort. Several researchers claim not all of the communications infrastructure, such as the bridges, were targeted, nor were the extensive industrial areas outside the city center. Critics of the bombing have claimed that Dresden was a cultural landmark of little or no strategic significance, and that the attacks were indiscriminate area bombing and not proportionate to the military gains. Some in the German far-right refer to the bombing as a mass murder calling it "Dresden's Holocaust of bombs".Large variations in the claimed death toll have fuelled the controversy. In March 1945, the German government ordered its press to publish a falsified casualty figure of 200,000 for the Dresden raids, and death toll estimates as high as 500,000 have been given. The city authorities at the time estimated up to 25,000 victims, a figure that subsequent investigations supported, including a 2010 study commissioned by the city council.