Grasshopper | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-10-05

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grasshopper


00:01:58 1 Phylogeny
00:04:58 2 Characteristics
00:07:38 3 Biology
00:07:47 3.1 Diet and digestion
00:08:42 3.2 Sensory organs
00:10:07 3.3 Circulation and respiration
00:11:12 3.4 Jumping
00:13:57 3.5 Stridulation
00:15:10 3.6 Life cycle
00:17:13 3.7 Swarming
00:18:54 4 Predators, parasites and pathogens
00:21:40 4.1 Anti-predator defences
00:23:10 5 Relationship with humans
00:23:20 5.1 In art and media
00:24:27 5.2 Symbolism
00:25:31 5.3 As food
00:26:32 5.4 As pests
00:29:32 5.5 In literature
00:30:43 5.6 In mechanical engineering



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SUMMARY
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Grasshoppers are a group of insects belonging to the suborder Caelifera. They are among what is probably the most ancient living group of chewing herbivorous insects, dating back to the early Triassic around 250 million years ago.
Grasshoppers are typically ground-dwelling insects with powerful hind legs which allow them to escape from threats by leaping vigorously. As hemimetabolous insects, they do not undergo complete metamorphosis; they hatch from an egg into a nymph or "hopper" which undergoes five moults, becoming more similar to the adult insect at each developmental stage. At high population densities and under certain environmental conditions, some grasshopper species can change color and behavior and form swarms. Under these circumstances, they are known as locusts.
Grasshoppers are plant-eaters, with a few species at times becoming serious pests of cereals, vegetables and pasture, especially when they swarm in their millions as locusts and destroy crops over wide areas. They protect themselves from predators by camouflage; when detected, many species attempt to startle the predator with a brilliantly-coloured wing-flash while jumping and (if adult) launching themselves into the air, usually flying for only a short distance. Other species such as the rainbow grasshopper have warning coloration which deters predators. Grasshoppers are affected by parasites and various diseases, and many predatory creatures feed on both nymphs and adults. The eggs are subject to attack by parasitoids and predators.
Grasshoppers have had a long relationship with humans. Swarms of locusts can have devastating effects and cause famine, and even in smaller numbers, the insects can be serious pests. They are used as food in countries such as Mexico and Indonesia. They feature in art, symbolism and literature.