Collaborationism | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2018-12-30

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collaborationism


00:02:17 1 Etymology
00:03:17 2 World War II
00:03:35 2.1 European countries
00:03:45 2.1.1 France
00:05:34 2.1.2 Low Countries
00:06:00 2.1.3 Norway
00:06:30 2.1.4 Greece
00:08:16 2.1.5 Yugoslavia
00:09:06 2.1.6 Germany
00:09:36 2.2 Celebrities
00:10:00 2.3 Postwar examples
00:10:46 3 Israeli–Palestinian conflict
00:12:00 4 Other contexts
00:12:49 5 See also



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Voice name: en-GB-Wavenet-D


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- Socrates


SUMMARY
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Collaborationism is cooperation with the enemy against one's country in wartime.Stanley Hoffmann subdivided collaboration onto

involuntary (reluctant recognition of necessity) and
voluntary (an attempt of exploiting necessity).According to him, collaborationism can be subdivided onto

servile and
ideological,the former is a deliberate service to an enemy, whereas the latter is a deliberate advocacy of co-operation with the foreign force which is seen as a champion of some desirable domestic transformations. In contrast, Bertram Gordon used the terms "collaborator" and "collaborationist" for non-ideological and ideological collaborations, respectively.Poor choices of voluntary collaborators may further undermine the already weak legitimacy of an occupation regime.  John Hickman identifies thirteen reasons why occupied populations might hold collaborators in contempt.
perceived as scapegoats for defeat
perceived as opportunistic
perceived as benefitting from their own poor decisions as leaders before the occupation
perceived as violating the norms of the traditional political order
perceived as having no lasting political loyalties
perceived as guilty of more than collaboration
perceived as cowardly
perceived as deceived by the occupier
perceived as self-deceived
perceived as cheaply bought
perceived as diverting political focus
perceived as representing powerlessness
perceived as escaping their own guilt