Trichinosis | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2018-12-07

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Trichinosis


00:02:17 1 Signs and symptoms
00:02:49 1.1 Enteral phase
00:03:15 1.2 Parenteral phase
00:04:23 2 Cause
00:06:02 2.1 Taxonomy
00:06:23 2.2 Life cycle
00:08:01 3 Diagnosis
00:08:19 3.1 Exposure history
00:09:00 3.2 Clinical diagnosis
00:09:37 3.3 Laboratory testing
00:10:02 4 Prevention
00:10:11 4.1 Legislation
00:10:40 4.2 Education and training
00:11:11 4.3 Food preparation
00:13:03 4.4 Pig farming
00:14:35 5 Treatment
00:14:57 5.1 Primary treatment
00:15:39 5.2 Secondary treatment
00:15:56 5.3 Vaccine research
00:17:43 6 Epidemiology
00:19:35 6.1 United States
00:21:02 6.2 Religious groups
00:21:39 6.3 Reemergence
00:22:28 7 History
00:22:58 7.1 Parasite
00:23:47 7.2 Life cycle
00:24:20 8 Research
00:25:01 9 See also



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SUMMARY
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Trichinosis is a parasitic disease caused by roundworms of the Trichinella type. During the initial infection, invasion of the intestines can result in diarrhea, abdominal pain, and vomiting. Migration of larvae to muscle, which occurs about a week after being infected, can cause swelling of the face, inflammation of the whites of the eyes, fever, muscle pains, and a rash. Minor infection may be without symptoms. Complications may include inflammation of heart muscle, central nervous system involvement, and inflammation of the lungs.Trichinosis is mainly spread when undercooked meat containing Trichinella cysts is eaten. Most often this is pork but can also occur from bear and dog meat. Several subtypes of Trichinella can cause disease with T. spiralis being the most common. After being eaten the larvae are released from their cysts in the stomach. They then invade the wall of the small intestine, where they develop into adult worms. After one week, the females release new larvae that migrate to voluntarily controlled muscles where they form cysts. The diagnosis is usually based on symptoms and confirmed by finding specific antibodies in the blood or larvae on tissue biopsy.The best way to prevent trichinosis is to fully cook meat. A food thermometer can verify that the temperature inside the meat is high enough. Infection is typically treated with antiparasitic medication such as albendazole or mebendazole. Rapid treatment may kill adult worms and thereby stop further worsening of symptoms. Both medications are considered safe but have been associated with side effects such as bone marrow suppression. Their use during pregnancy or in children under the age of 2 years is poorly studied but appears to be safe. Treatment with steroids is sometimes also required in severe cases. Without treatment symptoms typically resolve within three months.Worldwide about 10,000 infections occur a year. At least 55 countries including the United States, China, Argentina, and Russia have had recently documented cases. While the disease occurs in the tropics it is less common there. Rates of trichinosis in the United States have decreased from about 400 cases per year in the 1940s to 20 or fewer per year in the 2000s. The risk of death from infection is low.