Cat 101: Bronchitis in Cats
Channel: Kitten Life
Date: 2021-07-24

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Feline chronic bronchitis, often known as feline asthma, is a condition that affects the smaller airways that branch out from the trachea in cats (windpipe).

These branches, known as bronchi and bronchioles, allow air to be transported into and out of the alveoli, which serve as oxygen exchange sites. Inflammation in the airways usually leads to excessive secretions that clog the airways. As a result, the capacity to transport oxygen into the alveoli for distribution to the rest of the body is reduced. Less often, the bronchi may shut due to constriction or contraction of the muscles in the airway walls (reactive airway disease).

Although the word "asthma" is often used to represent all kinds of airway illness in cats, it might be misleading. Asthma is defined as the reversible restriction of muscle inside the bronchial walls. Some cats have genuine asthma, whereas others have bronchitis as a result of another condition (bacterial, viral, or fungal infection, lung parasites, heartworm disease).

Bronchitis is characterized by inflammation and swelling of the bronchial walls, leading to constriction of the airways and obstruction or blockage of the airways by mucus plugs or other secretions. Bronchitis can be acute (short-term) and cause reversible changes in the structure of the airways, or chronic (long-term, generally lasting more than two to three months) and cause permanent, irreversible changes in the structure of the airways.

Bronchitis and asthma can develop together. Bacterial infections, hypersensitivity disorders (allergies), parasites like lungworms, heartworm, toxoplasmosis, or persistent inhalation of airway irritants can all cause chronic bronchitis. In many situations, the fundamental reason is unknown.

Sources: https://www.thesprucepets.com/bronchitis-in-cats-5074558, https://vcahospitals.com/know-your-pet/inhalant-treatment-for-feline-asthma-and-bronchitis, https://bluepearlvet.com/medical-articles-for-pet-owners/bronchitis-feline-chronic-aka-feline-asthma/
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