Acid base balance Physiology | Renal system mbbs 1st year physiology lecture
Channel: Physiology Open
Date: 2020-10-05

Physiology lecture on renal system: The physiology of acid-base balance
Normal pH of extracellular fluids ranges from 7.38 to 7.42. Decrease in pH is known as acidosis while increase is known as alkalosis. Since body enzymes work best in a narrow range of pH, it is critically important that the added acids need to be handled well. 

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Levels of handling acids and bases addition in body fluids:

1. Buffers: Buffers are the first line of defence and bind with the acid and bases produced to prevent immediate change in pH
2. Lungs excret carbondioxide
3. Kidneys secrete H+ ions and reabsorb bicarbonate ions..

Buffers:
Buffers bind with hydrogen ions reversibly. Most important buffer present in body is bicarbonate which can combine with H+ ions and form a weak acid…carbonic acid.  But H2co3 has one very important feature. This H2co3 can dissociate into H+ and bicarbonate ion but this is a weak dissociation…instead it can dissociate into CO2 and H20 in presence of enzyme carbonic anhydrase and this co2 in turn is excreted out by respiratory system. So what is happening that H2CO3 is preventing pH change but..in the process it is getting used up.

Apart from bicarbonate , there are other buffers too..i.e proteins acts as buffer and phosphate ions also act as buffer

Carbondioxide excretion by lungs

Our body has chemoreceptors which detect the partial pressure of carbondioxide..this stimulates respiration and hence cause more excretion of carbondioxide. 

Role of kidneys

Kidneys do 3 things:

1. Reabsorb the filtered bicarbonate i.e prevent the loss of bicarbonate…see. 
2. Regenerate bicarbonate 
3. Secrete hydrogen ions….

However, the secretion of H+ ions makes tubular fluid acidic. Since ph of urine cannot exceed more than 4 - 4.5,  to prevent this, urine has buffers;; phosphate and ammonia buffers which bind with H+ ions causing more hydrogen ion excretion.

Chapters:
00:00 Introduction
03:27 Buffers
06:17 Role of lungs
06:53 Role of kidneys
11:18 Urinary buffers
11:55 Ammonia buffer


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