Avian flight | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-06-06

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bird_flight


00:00:59 1 Basic mechanics of bird flight
00:01:10 1.1 Lift and drag
00:02:26 2 Wings
00:04:25 3 Wing shape
00:05:20 3.1 Elliptical wings
00:06:27 3.2 High speed wings
00:07:21 3.3 High aspect ratio wings
00:08:05 3.4 Soaring wings with deep slots
00:08:45 4 Flight
00:08:59 4.1 Gliding flight
00:09:47 4.2 Flapping flight
00:10:40 4.3 Bounding flight
00:11:25 5 Hovering
00:12:45 6 Take-off and landing
00:14:06 7 Coordinated formation flight
00:15:54 8 Adaptations for flight
00:18:35 9 Evolution of bird flight
00:20:46 9.1 From the trees down
00:21:38 9.2 From the ground up
00:23:57 9.3 Wing-assisted incline running
00:24:48 9.4 Pouncing proavis model
00:26:32 9.5 Uses and loss of flight in modern birds
00:27:31 10 See also



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SUMMARY
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Bird flight is the primary mode of locomotion used by most bird species in which birds take off and fly. Flight assists birds with feeding, breeding, avoiding predators, and migrating.
Bird flight is one of the most complex forms of locomotion in the animal kingdom. Each facet of this type of motion, including hovering, taking off, and landing, involves many complex movements. As different bird species adapted over millions of years through evolution for specific environments, prey, predators, and other needs, they developed specializations in their wings, and acquired different forms of flight.
Various theories exist about how bird flight evolved, including flight from falling or gliding (the trees down hypothesis),  from running or leaping (the ground up hypothesis), from wing-assisted incline running or from  proavis (pouncing) behavior.