Luftwaffe | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-06-17

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luftwaffe


00:04:35 1 History
00:04:44 1.1 Origins
00:10:45 1.2 Preparing for war: 1933–39
00:10:58 1.2.1 The Wever years, 1933–36
00:19:17 1.2.2 A change of direction, 1936–37
00:27:44 1.2.3 Dive-bombing
00:30:41 1.2.4 Mobilization, 1938–41
00:34:56 1.3 iLuftwaffe/i organization
00:35:06 1.3.1 iLuftwaffe/i commanders
00:36:29 1.4 Organization and chain of command
00:40:22 1.5 Personnel
00:41:55 1.6 Spanish Civil War
00:43:28 1.7 World War II
00:52:48 2 Omissions and failures
00:52:59 2.1 The lack of aerial defence
00:58:06 2.2 Development and equipment
01:08:35 2.3 Production failures
01:13:10 2.4 Engine development
01:24:19 2.5 Personnel and leadership
01:26:41 3 iLuftwaffe/i ground forces
01:29:42 4 War crimes and bombing of non-military targets
01:29:55 4.1 Forced labor
01:34:07 4.2 Massacres
01:36:03 4.3 Human experimentation
01:37:57 4.4 Aerial bombing of non-military targets
01:41:46 4.5 Trials



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SUMMARY
=======
The Luftwaffe (German pronunciation: [ˈlʊftvafə] (listen)) was the aerial warfare branch of the combined German Wehrmacht military forces during World War II. Germany's military air arms during World War I, the Luftstreitkräfte of the Army and the Marine-Fliegerabteilung of the Navy, had been disbanded in May 1920 as a result of the terms of the Treaty of Versailles which stated that Germany was forbidden to have any air force.
During the interwar period, German pilots were trained secretly in violation of the treaty at Lipetsk Air Base. With the rise of the Nazi Party and the repudiation of the Versailles Treaty, the Luftwaffe was officially established on 26 February 1935, just over a fortnight before open defiance of the Versailles Treaty through German re-armament and conscription would be announced on 16 March. The Condor Legion, a Luftwaffe detachment sent to aid Nationalist forces in the Spanish Civil War, provided the force with a valuable testing ground for new tactics and aircraft. Partially as a result of this combat experience, the Luftwaffe had become one of the most sophisticated, technologically advanced, and battle-experienced air forces in the world when World War II broke out in 1939. By the summer of 1939, the Luftwaffe had twenty-eight Geschwader (wings). The Luftwaffe also operated Fallschirmjäger paratrooper units.
The Luftwaffe proved instrumental in the German victories across Poland and Western Europe in 1939 and 1940. During the Battle of Britain, however, despite inflicting severe damage to the RAF's infrastructure and, during the subsequent Blitz, devastating many British cities, the German air force failed to batter the beleaguered British into submission. From 1942, Allied bombing campaigns gradually destroyed the Luftwaffe's fighter arm. From late 1942, the Luftwaffe used its surplus ground, support and other personnel to raise Luftwaffe Field Divisions. In addition to its service in the West, the Luftwaffe operated over the Soviet Union, North Africa and Southern Europe. Despite its belated use of advanced turbojet and rocket propelled aircraft for the destruction of Allied bombers, the Luftwaffe was overwhelmed by the Allies' superior numbers and improved tactics, and a lack of trained pilots and aviation fuel. In January 1945, during the closing stages of the Battle of the Bulge, the Luftwaffe made a last-ditch effort to win air superiority, and met with failure. With rapidly dwindling supplies of petroleum, oil, and lubricants after this campaign, and as part of the entire combined Wehrmacht military forces as a whole, the Luftwaffe ceased to be an effective fighting force.
After the defeat of Germany, the Luftwaffe was disbanded in 1946. During World War II, German pilots claimed roughly 70,000 aerial victories, while over 75,000 Luftwaffe air ...