Metalloid | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 08/12/2018

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Metalloid


00:02:02 1 Definitions
00:02:11 1.1 Judgement-based
00:03:57 1.2 Criteria-based
00:06:25 2 Periodic table territory
00:06:35 2.1 Location
00:08:39 2.2 Alternative treatments
00:09:36 3 Properties
00:10:16 3.1 Compared to metals and nonmetals
00:11:01 4 Common applications
00:11:45 4.1 Alloys
00:13:56 4.2 Biological agents
00:17:38 4.3 Catalysts
00:19:07 4.4 Flame retardants
00:20:19 4.5 Glass formation
00:22:50 4.6 Optical storage and optoelectronics
00:23:42 4.7 Pyrotechnics
00:25:24 4.8 Semiconductors and electronics
00:29:43 5 Nomenclature and history
00:29:53 5.1 Derivation and other names
00:31:35 5.2 Origin and usage
00:32:51 6 Elements commonly recognised as metalloids
00:33:10 6.1 Boron
00:36:48 6.2 Silicon
00:38:57 6.3 Germanium
00:41:20 6.4 Arsenic
00:43:42 6.5 Antimony
00:46:49 6.6 Tellurium
00:50:27 7 Elements less commonly recognised as metalloids
00:50:38 7.1 Carbon
00:51:52 7.2 Aluminium
00:52:48 7.3 Selenium
00:52:57 7.4 Polonium
00:54:26 7.5 Astatine
00:56:28 8 Related concepts
00:57:53 8.1 Near metalloids
01:01:18 8.2 Allotropes
01:01:27 9 Abundance, extraction, and cost
01:02:23 9.1 Abundance
01:04:23 9.2 Extraction
01:04:34 9.3 Cost
01:05:09 10 See also
01:07:33 11 Notes
01:08:02 12 References
01:08:10 12.1 Bibliography
01:09:05 13 Further reading
01:09:14 undefined



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SUMMARY
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A metalloid is a type of chemical element which has properties in between, or that are a mixture of, those of metals and nonmetals. There is neither a standard definition of a metalloid nor complete agreement on the elements appropriately classified as such. Despite the lack of specificity, the term remains in use in the literature of chemistry.
The six commonly recognised metalloids are boron, silicon, germanium, arsenic, antimony, and tellurium. Five elements are less frequently so classified: carbon, aluminium, selenium, polonium, and astatine. On a standard periodic table, all eleven elements are located in a diagonal region of the p-block extending from boron at the upper left to astatine at lower right. Some periodic tables include a dividing line between metals and nonmetals and the metalloids may be found close to this line.
Typical metalloids have a metallic appearance, but they are brittle and only fair conductors of electricity. Chemically, they behave mostly as nonmetals. They can form alloys with metals. Most of their other physical properties and chemical properties are intermediate in nature. Metalloids are usually too brittle to have any structural uses. They and their compounds are used in alloys, biological agents, catalysts, flame retardants, glasses, optical storage and optoelectronics, pyrotechnics, semiconductors, and electronics.
The electrical properties of silicon and germanium enabled the establishment of the semiconductor industry in the 1950s and the development of solid-state electronics from the early 1960s.The term metalloid originally referred to nonmetals. Its more recent meaning, as a category of elements with intermediate or hybrid properties, became widespread in 1940–1960. Metalloids are sometimes called semimetals, a practice that has been discouraged, as the term semimetal has a different meaning in physics than in chemistry. In physics, it specifically refers to the electronic band structure of a substance.