Christiaan Huygens | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 24/12/2018

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christiaan_Huygens


00:04:06 1 Early life
00:05:28 2 Student years
00:07:12 3 Early correspondence
00:09:45 4 Scientific debut
00:13:00 5 In France
00:15:21 6 Later life
00:16:19 7 Work in natural philosophy
00:18:02 7.1 Laws of motion, impact and gravitation
00:21:19 7.2 Optics
00:24:14 7.3 Horology
00:26:33 7.3.1 Pendulums
00:28:44 7.3.2 Balance spring watch
00:30:20 7.4 Astronomy
00:30:28 7.4.1 Saturn's rings and Titan
00:31:21 7.4.2 Mars and Syrtis Major
00:31:56 7.4.3 iCosmotheoros/i
00:34:14 8 Portraits
00:34:22 8.1 During his lifetime
00:35:39 8.2 Statues
00:35:47 9 Named after Huygens
00:35:57 9.1 Science
00:36:45 9.2 Other
00:37:50 10 Works
00:44:05 11 See also



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SUMMARY
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Christiaan Huygens  ( HY-gənz, HOY-; Dutch: [ˈɦœyɣə(n)s] (listen); Latin: Hugenius; 14 April 1629 – 8 July 1695) was a Dutch physicist, mathematician, astronomer and inventor, who is widely regarded as one of the greatest scientists of all time and a major figure in the scientific revolution. In physics, Huygens made groundbreaking contributions in optics and mechanics, while as an astronomer he is chiefly known for his studies of the rings of Saturn and the discovery of its moon Titan. As an inventor, he improved the design of the telescope with the invention of the Huygenian eyepiece. His most famous invention, however, was the invention of the pendulum clock in 1656, which was a breakthrough in timekeeping and became the most accurate timekeeper for almost 300 years. Because he was the first to use mathematical formulae to describe the laws of physics, Huygens has been called the first theoretical physicist and the founder of mathematical physics.In 1659, Huygens was the first to derive the now standard formula for the centripetal force in his work De vi centrifuga. The formula played a central role in classical mechanics and became known as the second of Newton's laws of motion. Huygens was also the first to formulate the correct laws of elastic collision in his work De motu corporum ex percussione, but his findings were not published until 1703, after his death. In the field of optics, he is best known for his wave theory of light, which he proposed in 1678 and described in 1690 in his Treatise on Light, which is regarded as the first mathematical theory of light. His theory was initially rejected in favor of Isaac Newton's corpuscular theory of light, until Augustin-Jean Fresnel adopted Huygens' principle in 1818 and showed that it could explain the rectilinear propagation and diffraction effects of light. Today this principle is known as the Huygens–Fresnel principle.
Huygens invented the pendulum clock in 1656, which he patented the following year. In addition to this invention, his research in horology resulted in an extensive analysis of the pendulum in his 1673 book Horologium Oscillatorium, which is regarded as one of the most important 17th-century works in mechanics. While the first part of the book contains descriptions of clock designs, most of the book is an analysis of pendulum motion and a theory of curves. In 1655, Huygens began grinding lenses with his brother Constantijn in order to build telescopes to conduct astronomical research. He designed a 50-power refracting telescope with which he discovered that the ring of Saturn was "a thin, flat ring, nowhere touching, and inclined to the ecliptic." It was with this telescope that he also discovered the first of Saturn's moons, Titan. He eventually developed in 1662 what is now called the Huygenian eyepiece, a telescope with two lenses, which diminished the amount of dispersion.
As a mathematician, Huygens was a pioneer on probability and wrote his first treatise on probability theory in 1657 with the work Van Rekeningh in Spelen van Gluck. Frans van Schooten, who was the private tutor of Huygens, transla ...