Boltzmann's constant | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2018-12-24

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boltzmann_constant


00:01:47 1 Bridge from macroscopic to microscopic physics
00:03:01 1.1 Role in the equipartition of energy
00:03:08 1.2 Role in Boltzmann factors
00:06:20 1.3 Role in the statistical definition of entropy
00:07:15 1.4 Role in semiconductor physics: the thermal voltage
00:09:15 2 History
00:11:09 3 Value in different units
00:13:58 3.1 Planck units
00:15:20 4 See also
00:16:59 5 Notes



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SUMMARY
=======
The Boltzmann constant (kB or k) is a physical constant relating the average kinetic energy of particles in a gas with the temperature of the gas and occurs in Planck's law of black-body radiation and in Boltzmann's entropy formula.  It was introduced by Max Planck, but named after Ludwig Boltzmann.
It is the gas constant R divided by the Avogadro constant NA:

  
    
      
        k
        =
        
          
            R
            
              N
              
                A
              
            
          
        
        .
      
    
    {\displaystyle k={\frac {R}{N_{\text{A}}}}.}
  The Boltzmann constant has the dimension energy divided by temperature, the same as entropy. 
As of 2017, its value in SI units is a measured quantity. The recommended value (as of 2015, with standard uncertainty in parentheses) is   1.38064852(79)×10−23 J/K.Current measurements of the Boltzmann constant depend on the definition of the kelvin in terms of the triple point of water.  In the redefinition of SI base units adopted at the 26th General Conference on Weights and Measures (CGPM) on 16 November 2018, the definition of the kelvin was changed to one based on a fixed, exact numerical value of the Boltzmann constant, similar to the way that the speed of light was given an exact numerical value at the 17th CGPM in 1983.  The final value (based on the 2017 CODATA adjusted value of 1.38064903(51)×10−23 J/K) is 1.380649×10−23 J/K.