1960 United States presidential election | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2018-12-04

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
1960 United States presidential election


00:02:43 1 Nominations
00:02:52 1.1 Democratic Party
00:03:01 1.1.1 Democratic candidates
00:06:09 1.1.2 Democratic convention
00:12:51 1.2 Republican Party
00:13:00 1.2.1 Republican candidates
00:14:42 2 General election
00:14:51 2.1 Campaign promises
00:16:51 2.2 Campaign events
00:22:10 2.3 Debates
00:26:00 2.4 Campaign issues
00:31:57 2.5 Results
00:36:55 2.5.1 Controversies
00:44:34 2.5.2 Popular votes
00:44:42 2.5.2.1 Alabama
00:46:16 2.5.2.2 Georgia
00:47:17 2.5.3 Unpledged Democratic electors
00:51:12 2.6 Geography of Results
00:51:21 2.6.1 Cartographic Gallery
00:51:30 2.6.2 Results by state
00:51:38 2.7 Close states
00:53:58 3 Electoral milestones
00:57:39 4 See also
00:58:07 5 Notes
00:58:16 6 Notes
00:58:24 7 Further reading
01:01:45 7.1 Primary sources
01:02:18 7.2 Historiography
01:02:43 8 External links



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SUMMARY
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The United States presidential election of 1960 was the 44th quadrennial presidential election, held on Tuesday, November 8, 1960. In a closely contested election, Democrat John F. Kennedy defeated incumbent Vice President Richard Nixon, the Republican Party nominee. This was the first election in which all fifty states participated, and the last in which the District of Columbia did not. It was also the first election in which an incumbent president was ineligible to run for a third term due to the term limits established by the 22nd Amendment.
Nixon faced little opposition in the Republican race to succeed popular incumbent Dwight D. Eisenhower. Kennedy, a Senator from Massachusetts, established himself as the Democratic front-runner with his strong performance in the 1960 Democratic primaries, including a key victory in West Virginia over Senator Hubert Humphrey. He defeated Senate Majority Leader Lyndon B. Johnson on the first presidential ballot of the 1960 Democratic National Convention, and asked Johnson to serve as his running mate. The issue of the Cold War dominated the election, as tensions were high between United States and the Soviet Union.
Kennedy won a 303 to 219 Electoral College victory, and is generally considered to have won the national popular vote by 112,827, a margin of 0.17 percent. The issue of the popular vote was complicated by the presence of several unpledged electors in the Deep South. Fourteen unpledged electors from Mississippi and Alabama cast their vote for Senator Harry F. Byrd, as did a faithless elector from Oklahoma. The 1960 presidential election was the closest election since 1916, and this closeness can be explained by a number of factors. Kennedy benefited from the economic recession of 1957–58, which hurt the standing of the incumbent Republican Party, and he had the advantage of 17 million more registered Democrats than Republicans. Furthermore, the new votes that Kennedy, the first Roman Catholic president, gained among Catholics almost neutralized the new votes Nixon gained among Protestants. Kennedy's campaigning skills decisively outmatched Nixon's, and Nixon's emphasis on his experience carried little weight for most voters. Kennedy used his large, well-funded campaign organization to win the nomination, secure endorsements, and, with the aid of the big-city bosses, get out the vote in the big cities. Kennedy relied on Johnson to hold the South, and used television effectively. In 1963, Kennedy was assassinated and was succeeded by Johnson. Nixon would later successfully seek the presidency in 1968.