Leukemia | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-06-23

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leukemia


00:02:37 1 Classification
00:02:46 1.1 General classification
00:05:06 1.2 Specific types
00:09:19 1.3 Pre-leukemia
00:10:00 2 Signs and symptoms
00:13:06 3 Causes
00:15:06 3.1 Radiation
00:15:27 3.2 Genetic conditions
00:16:48 3.3 Non-ionizing radiation
00:18:04 4 Diagnosis
00:19:32 5 Treatment
00:19:56 5.1 Acute lymphoblastic
00:21:59 5.2 Chronic lymphocytic
00:22:07 5.2.1 Decision to treat
00:22:52 5.2.2 Treatment approach
00:23:52 5.3 Acute myelogenous
00:25:00 5.4 Chronic myelogenous
00:25:59 5.5 Hairy cell
00:27:15 5.6 T-cell prolymphocytic
00:28:26 5.7 Juvenile myelomonocytic
00:28:45 6 Prognosis
00:29:48 7 Epidemiology
00:30:40 7.1 United States
00:32:28 7.2 UK
00:32:52 8 History
00:34:20 8.1 Etymology
00:34:45 9 Society and culture
00:35:30 10 Research directions
00:37:39 11 Pregnancy
00:38:34 12 See also



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SUMMARY
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Leukemia, also spelled leukaemia, is a group of blood cancers that usually begin in the bone marrow and result in high numbers of abnormal blood cells. These blood cells are not fully developed and are called blasts or leukemia cells. Symptoms may include bleeding and bruising, feeling tired, fever, and an increased risk of infections. These symptoms occur due to a lack of normal blood cells. Diagnosis is typically made by blood tests or bone marrow biopsy.The exact cause of leukemia is unknown. A combination of genetic factors and environmental (non-inherited) factors  are believed to play a role. Risk factors include smoking, ionizing radiation, some chemicals (such as benzene), prior chemotherapy, and Down syndrome. People with a family history of leukemia are also at higher risk. There are four main types of leukemia—acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), acute myeloid leukemia (AML), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and chronic myeloid leukemia (CML)—as well as a number of less common types. Leukemias and lymphomas both belong to a broader group of tumors that affect the blood, bone marrow, and lymphoid system, known as tumors of the hematopoietic and lymphoid tissues.Treatment may involve some combination of chemotherapy, radiation therapy, targeted therapy, and bone marrow transplant, in addition to supportive care and palliative care as needed. Certain types of leukemia may be managed with watchful waiting. The success of treatment depends on the type of leukemia and the age of the person. Outcomes have improved in the developed world. The average five-year survival rate is 57% in the United States. In children under 15, the five-year survival rate is greater than 60 to 85%, depending on the type of leukemia. In children with acute leukemia who are cancer-free after five years, the cancer is unlikely to return.In 2015, leukemia was present in 2.3 million people and caused 353,500 deaths. In 2012 it newly developed in 352,000 people. It is the most common type of cancer in children, with three quarters of leukemia cases in children being the acute lymphoblastic type. However, about 90% of all leukemias are diagnosed in adults, with AML and CLL being most common in adults. It occurs more commonly in the developed world.