CubeSat | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-03-17

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CubeSat


00:02:43 1 History
00:06:31 2 Design
00:11:52 2.1 Structure
00:15:07 2.2 Computing
00:17:03 2.3 Attitude control
00:20:04 2.4 Propulsion
00:21:55 2.4.1 Cold gas thrusters
00:23:09 2.4.2 Chemical propulsion
00:24:44 2.4.3 Electric propulsion
00:26:24 2.4.4 Solar sail
00:28:18 2.5 Power
00:30:12 2.6 Telecommunications
00:31:36 2.7 Antennas
00:32:41 2.8 Thermal management
00:34:43 2.9 Costs
00:35:33 3 Notable past missions
00:41:39 3.1 2018 InSight mission: MarCO CubeSats
00:43:46 4 US programs
00:43:56 4.1 CubeSat Launch Initiative
00:44:58 4.2 Exploration Mission 1
00:45:48 5 European programs
00:46:27 6 International projects
00:46:36 6.1 QB50
00:48:38 7 Launch and deployment
00:49:12 7.1 Current launch systems
00:50:49 7.2 Future and proposed launch systems
00:53:37 7.3 Deployment
00:56:25 8 See also



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SUMMARY
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A CubeSat (U-class spacecraft) is a type of miniaturized satellite for space research that is made up of multiples of 10 cm × 10 cm × 10 cm (4 in × 4 in × 4 in) cubic units. CubeSats have a mass of no more than 1.33 kilograms (2.9 lb) per unit, and often use commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) components for their electronics and structure. CubeSats are commonly put in orbit by deployers on the International Space Station, or launched as secondary payloads on a launch vehicle. Over 1000 CubeSats have been launched as of January 2019. Over 900 have been successfully deployed in orbit and over 80 have been destroyed in launch failures.In 1999, California Polytechnic State University (Cal Poly) and Stanford University developed the CubeSat specifications to promote and develop the skills necessary for the design, manufacture, and testing of small satellites intended for low Earth orbit (LEO) that perform a number of scientific research functions and explore new space technologies. Academia accounted for the majority of CubeSat launches until 2013, when more than half of launches were for non-academic purposes, and by 2014 most newly deployed CubeSats were for commercial or amateur projects.

Uses typically involve experiments that can be miniaturized or serve purposes such as Earth observation or amateur radio. CubeSats are employed to demonstrate spacecraft technologies intended for small satellites or that present questionable feasibility and are unlikely to justify the cost of a larger satellite. Scientific experiments with unproven underlying theory may also find themselves aboard CubeSats because their low cost can justify higher risks. Biological research payloads have been flown on several missions, with more planned. Several missions to the Moon and Mars are planning to use CubeSats. In May 2018, the two MarCO CubeSats became the first CubeSats to leave Earth orbit, on their way to Mars alongside the successful InSight mission.
Some CubeSats became the first national satellites of their countries, being launched by universities, state, or private companies. The searchable Nanosatellite and CubeSat Database lists over 2,000 CubeSats that have been and are planned to be launched since 1998.