Fluorescence | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-03-26

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluorescence


00:01:19 1 History
00:03:18 2 Physical principles
00:03:28 2.1 Photochemistry
00:04:55 2.2 Quantum yield
00:07:02 2.3 Lifetime
00:09:38 2.4 Jablonski diagram
00:13:19 2.5 Fluorescence anisotropy
00:13:46 2.6 Fluorence
00:15:31 3 Rules
00:16:29 3.1 Kasha's rule
00:16:55 3.2 Mirror image rule
00:17:42 3.3 Stokes shift
00:18:24 4 Fluorescence in nature
00:19:18 4.1 Biofluorescence vs. bioluminescence vs. biophosphorescence
00:19:40 4.1.1 Biofluorescence
00:19:50 4.1.2 Bioluminescence
00:21:02 4.1.3 Biophosphorescence
00:21:26 4.2 Mechanisms of biofluorescence
00:22:02 4.2.1 Epidermal chromatophores
00:22:12 4.3 Phylogenetics
00:23:45 4.3.1 Evolutionary origins
00:23:54 4.3.2 Adaptive functions
00:25:20 4.4 Aquatic biofluorescence
00:25:55 4.4.1 Photic zone
00:28:32 4.4.1.1 Fish
00:28:41 4.4.1.2 Coral
00:32:05 4.4.1.3 Cephalopods
00:33:02 4.4.1.4 Jellyfish
00:33:29 4.4.1.5 Mantis shrimp
00:34:10 4.4.2 Aphotic zone
00:35:11 4.4.2.1 Siphonophores
00:35:19 4.4.2.2 Dragonfish
00:36:07 4.5 Terrestrial biofluorescence
00:36:46 4.5.1 Amphibians
00:36:56 4.5.2 Butterflies
00:37:55 4.5.3 Parrots
00:38:40 4.5.4 Arachnids
00:39:38 4.5.5 Plants
00:40:58 4.6 Abiotic fluorescence
00:41:48 4.6.1 Gemology, mineralogy and geology
00:41:58 4.6.2 Organic liquids
00:45:04 4.6.3 Atmosphere
00:46:00 4.6.4 Common materials that fluoresce
00:46:29 5 Applications of fluorescence
00:47:00 5.1 Lighting
00:47:11 5.2 Analytical chemistry
00:49:59 5.3 Spectroscopy
00:51:00 5.4 Biochemistry and medicine
00:51:52 5.4.1 Microscopy
00:52:48 5.4.2 Other techniques
00:54:11 5.5 Forensics
00:57:55 5.6 Mechanical engineering
00:58:33 5.7 Signage
00:58:58 5.8 Optical brighteners
00:59:29 6 See also



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SUMMARY
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Fluorescence is the emission of light by a substance that has absorbed light or other electromagnetic radiation. It is a form of luminescence. In most cases, the emitted light has a longer wavelength, and therefore lower energy, than the absorbed radiation. The most striking example of fluorescence occurs when the absorbed radiation is in the ultraviolet region of the spectrum, and thus invisible to the human eye, while the emitted light is in the visible region, which gives the fluorescent substance a distinct color that can be seen only when exposed to UV light. Fluorescent materials cease to glow nearly immediately when the radiation source stops, unlike phosphorescent materials, which continue to emit light for some time after.
Fluorescence has many practical applications, including mineralogy, gemology, medicine, chemical sensors (fluorescence spectroscopy), fluorescent labelling, dyes, biological detectors, cosmic-ray detection, and, most commonly, fluorescent lamps. Fluorescence also occurs frequently in nature in some minerals and in various biological states in many branches of the animal kingdom.