Documentary hypothesis | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2018-11-12

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Documentary hypothesis

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SUMMARY
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The documentary hypothesis (DH) is one of four models used to explain the origins and composition of the first five books of the Bible, as well as the most widespread and commonly agreed upon of the various hypotheses. The first five books of the Bible are Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy, called collectively the Torah or Pentateuch. Two other theories are the supplementary hypothesis and the fragmentary hypothesis.  The fourth model would be some variation of the traditional ideas of authorship (see Mosaic authorship).All three agree that the Torah is not a unified work from a single author (traditionally Moses) but is made up of sources combined over many centuries by many hands. They differ on the nature of these sources and how they were combined. According to the documentary hypothesis there were four sources, each originally a separate and independent book (a "document"), joined together at various points in time by a series of editors ("redactors"). Fragmentary hypotheses see the Torah as a collection of small fragments, and supplementary hypotheses as a single core document supplemented by fragments taken from many sources.A version of the documentary hypothesis, frequently identified with the German scholar Julius Wellhausen, was almost universally accepted for most of the 20th century, but the consensus has now collapsed. As a result, there has been a revival of interest in fragmentary and supplementary approaches, frequently in combination with each other and with a documentary model, making it difficult to classify contemporary theories as strictly one or another.Modern scholars increasingly see the completed Torah as a product of the time of the Achaemenid Empire (probably 450–350 BCE), although some would place its production in the Hellenistic period (333–164 BCE) or even the Hasmonean dynasty (140–37 BCE). Of its constituent sources, Deuteronomy is generally dated between the 7th and 5th centuries; there is much discussion of the unity, extent, nature, and date of the Priestly material. Deuteronomy continues to be seen as having had a history separate from the first four books, and there is a growing recognition that Genesis developed apart from the Exodus stories until joined to it by the Priestly writer.