Milankovitch cycles | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-05-07

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milankovitch_cycles


00:01:13 1 Earth's movements
00:03:03 1.1 Orbital shape (eccentricity)
00:04:51 1.1.1 Effect on temperature
00:06:18 1.1.2 Effect on lengths of seasons
00:07:31 1.2 Axial tilt (obliquity)
00:09:14 1.3 Axial precession
00:11:18 1.4 Apsidal precession
00:13:03 1.5 Orbital inclination
00:14:16 2 Problems
00:15:41 2.1 100,000-year problem
00:17:29 2.2 Transition problem
00:18:21 2.3 Unsplit peak problem
00:18:57 2.4 Stage 5 problem
00:19:31 2.5 Effect exceeds cause
00:21:10 3 Present and future conditions
00:22:30 4 Effects beyond Earth
00:22:56 4.1 Mars
00:23:24 4.2 Outer planets
00:23:53 4.3 Exoplanets



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SUMMARY
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Milankovitch cycles describe the collective effects of changes in the Earth's movements on its climate over thousands of years. The term is named for Serbian geophysicist and astronomer Milutin Milanković. In the 1920s, he hypothesized that variations in eccentricity, axial tilt, and precession of the Earth's orbit resulted in cyclical variation in the solar radiation reaching the Earth, and that this orbital forcing strongly influenced climatic patterns on Earth.
Similar astronomical hypotheses had been advanced in the 19th century by Joseph Adhemar, James Croll and others, but verification was difficult because there was no reliably dated evidence, and because it was unclear which periods were important.
Now, materials on Earth that have been unchanged for millennia (obtained via ice, rock, and deep ocean cores) are being studied to indicate the history of Earth's climate. Though they are consistent with the Milankovitch hypothesis, there are still several observations that the hypothesis does not explain.