Jellyfish | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-05-10

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jellyfish


00:02:10 1 Names
00:02:56 2 Mapping to taxonomic groups
00:03:05 2.1 Phylogeny
00:03:13 2.1.1 Definition
00:04:31 2.1.2 Medusozoan jellyfish
00:05:05 2.2 Taxonomy
00:07:32 2.3 Fossil history
00:08:11 3 Anatomy
00:12:57 4 Largest and smallest
00:15:44 5 Life history and behavior
00:15:54 5.1 Life cycle
00:18:55 5.2 Lifespan
00:19:44 5.3 Locomotion
00:21:04 6 Ecology
00:21:13 6.1 Diet
00:22:20 6.2 Predation
00:23:13 6.3 Symbiosis
00:23:45 6.4 Blooms
00:26:13 6.5 Habitats
00:28:10 6.6 Parasites
00:28:44 7 Relation to humans
00:28:53 7.1 Fisheries
00:29:21 7.2 Products
00:31:07 7.3 Biotechnology
00:32:46 7.4 Aquarium display
00:33:46 7.5 Stings
00:35:18 7.6 Mechanical issues
00:35:51 8 See also



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SUMMARY
=======
Jellyfish and sea jellies are the informal common names given to the medusa-phase of certain gelatinous members of the subphylum Medusozoa, a major part of the phylum Cnidaria. Jellyfish are mainly free-swimming marine animals with umbrella-shaped bells and trailing tentacles, although a few are not mobile, being anchored to the seabed by stalks.  The bell can pulsate to provide propulsion and highly efficient locomotion. The tentacles are armed with stinging cells and may be used to capture prey and defend against predators. Jellyfish have a complex life cycle; the medusa is normally the sexual phase, the planula larva can disperse widely and is followed by a sedentary polyp phase.
Jellyfish are found all over the world, from surface waters to the deep sea. Scyphozoans (the "true jellyfish") are exclusively marine, but some hydrozoans with a similar appearance live in freshwater. Large, often colorful, jellyfish are common in coastal zones worldwide. The medusae of most species are fast growing, mature within a few months and die soon after breeding, but the polyp stage, attached to the seabed, may be much more long-lived. Jellyfish have been in existence for at least 500 million years, and possibly 700 million years or more, making them the oldest multi-organ animal group.Jellyfish are eaten by humans in certain cultures, being considered a delicacy in some Asian countries, where species in the Rhizostomae order are pressed and salted to remove excess water. They are also used in research, where the green fluorescent protein, used by some species to cause bioluminescence, has been adapted as a fluorescent marker for genes inserted into other cells or organisms. The stinging cells used by jellyfish to subdue their prey can also injure humans. Many thousands of swimmers are stung every year, with effects ranging from mild discomfort to serious injury or even death; small box jellyfish are responsible for many of these deaths. When conditions are favourable, jellyfish can form vast swarms. These can be responsible for damage to fishing gear by filling fishing nets, and sometimes clog the cooling systems of power and desalination plants which draw their water from the sea.