Genetics | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-01-08

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetics


00:02:10 1 Etymology
00:02:33 2 History
00:05:01 2.1 Mendelian and classical genetics
00:07:27 2.2 Molecular genetics
00:11:43 3 Features of inheritance
00:11:53 3.1 Discrete inheritance and Mendel's laws
00:14:04 3.2 Notation and diagrams
00:15:14 3.3 Multiple gene interactions
00:17:49 4 Molecular basis for inheritance
00:17:59 4.1 DNA and chromosomes
00:21:37 4.2 Reproduction
00:23:50 4.3 Recombination and genetic linkage
00:25:57 5 Gene expression
00:26:06 5.1 Genetic code
00:30:06 5.2 Nature and nurture
00:33:15 5.3 Gene regulation
00:36:22 6 Genetic change
00:36:31 6.1 Mutations
00:38:29 6.2 Natural selection and evolution
00:41:01 6.3 Model organisms
00:42:22 6.4 Medicine
00:46:07 6.5 Research methods
00:48:02 6.6 DNA sequencing and genomics
00:50:21 7 Society and culture



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SUMMARY
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Genetics is a branch of biology concerned with the study of genes, genetic variation, and heredity in organisms.Gregor Mendel, a scientist and Augustinian friar, discovered genetics in the late 19th-century. Mendel studied "trait inheritance", patterns in the way traits are handed down from parents to offspring. He observed that organisms (pea plants) inherit traits by way of discrete "units of inheritance". This term, still used today, is a somewhat ambiguous definition of what is referred to as a gene.
Trait inheritance and molecular inheritance mechanisms of genes are still primary principles of genetics in the 21st century, but modern genetics has expanded beyond inheritance to studying the function and behavior of genes. Gene structure and function, variation, and distribution are studied within the context of the cell, the organism (e.g. dominance), and within the context of a population. Genetics has given rise to a number of subfields, including epigenetics and population genetics. Organisms studied within the broad field span the domains of life (archaea, bacteria, and eukarya).
Genetic processes work in combination with an organism's environment and experiences to influence development and behavior, often referred to as nature versus nurture. The intracellular or extracellular environment of a cell or organism may switch gene transcription on or off. A classic example is two seeds of genetically identical corn, one placed in a temperate climate and one in an arid climate. While the average height of the two corn stalks may be genetically determined to be equal, the one in the arid climate only grows to half the height of the one in the temperate climate due to lack of water and nutrients in its environment.