History | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-01-08

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History


00:02:26 1 Etymology
00:06:36 2 Description
00:10:58 3 History and prehistory
00:12:47 4 Historiography
00:14:03 5 Philosophy of history
00:14:58 6 Historical methods
00:22:46 7 Marxian theory of history
00:23:38 8 Areas of study
00:23:48 8.1 Periods
00:24:44 8.1.1 Prehistoric periodisation
00:26:31 8.2 Geographical locations
00:27:57 8.2.1 Regions
00:30:52 8.3 Military history
00:31:23 8.4 History of religion
00:32:03 8.5 Social history
00:34:00 8.5.1 Subfields
00:34:38 8.6 Cultural history
00:35:26 8.7 Diplomatic history
00:36:32 8.8 Economic history
00:37:19 8.9 Environmental history
00:37:41 8.10 World history
00:38:43 8.11 People's history
00:39:32 8.12 Intellectual history
00:39:56 8.13 Gender history
00:40:52 8.14 Public history
00:41:47 9 Historians
00:42:31 10 The judgement of history
00:43:05 11 Pseudohistory
00:43:45 12 Teaching history
00:43:54 12.1 Scholarship vs teaching
00:45:33 12.2 Nationalism
00:47:33 12.3 Bias in school teaching
00:49:27 13 See also
00:49:36 13.1 Methods
00:49:59 13.2 Topics
00:51:33 13.3 Other themes



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SUMMARY
=======
History (from Greek ἱστορία, historia, meaning "inquiry, knowledge acquired by investigation") is the study of the past as it is described in written documents. Events occurring before written record are considered prehistory. It is an umbrella term that relates to past events as well as the memory, discovery, collection, organization, presentation, and interpretation of information about these events. Scholars who write about history are called historians.
History can also refer to the academic discipline which uses a narrative to examine and analyse a sequence of past events, and objectively determine the patterns of cause and effect that determine them. Historians sometimes debate the nature of history and its usefulness by discussing the study of the discipline as an end in itself and as a way of providing "perspective" on the problems of the present.Stories common to a particular culture, but not supported by external sources (such as the tales surrounding King Arthur), are usually classified as cultural heritage or legends, because they do not show the "disinterested investigation" required of the discipline of history. Herodotus, a 5th-century BC Greek historian is considered within the Western tradition to be the "father of history", and, along with his contemporary Thucydides, helped form the foundations for the modern study of human history. Their works continue to be read today, and the gap between the culture-focused Herodotus and the military-focused Thucydides remains a point of contention or approach in modern historical writing. In East Asia, a state chronicle, the Spring and Autumn Annals was known to be compiled from as early as 722 BC although only 2nd-century BC texts survived.
Ancient influences have helped spawn variant interpretations of the nature of history which have evolved over the centuries and continue to change today. The modern study of history is wide-ranging, and includes the study of specific regions and the study of certain topical or thematical elements of historical investigation. Often history is taught as part of primary and secondary education, and the academic study of history is a major discipline in university studies.