Phosphorus | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2018-12-08

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Phosphorus


00:02:06 1 Characteristics
00:02:15 1.1 Allotropes
00:07:11 1.2 Chemiluminescence
00:08:35 1.3 Isotopes
00:10:45 2 Occurrence
00:10:53 2.1 Universe
00:11:21 2.2 Crust and organic sources
00:12:58 3 Compounds
00:13:07 3.1 Phosphorus(V)
00:16:21 3.2 Phosphorus(III)
00:17:20 3.3 Phosphorus(I) and phosphorus(II)
00:17:45 3.4 Phosphides and phosphines
00:19:21 3.5 Oxoacids
00:19:58 3.6 Nitrides
00:20:55 3.7 Sulfides
00:21:29 3.8 Organophosphorus compounds
00:22:36 4 History
00:22:50 4.1 Discovery
00:23:06 4.2 Bone ash and guano
00:23:57 4.3 Phosphate rock
00:26:48 4.4 Incendiaries
00:28:07 5 Production
00:29:09 5.1 Peak phosphorus
00:31:11 5.2 Elemental phosphorus
00:32:16 6 Applications
00:33:43 6.1 Fertiliser
00:36:42 6.2 Organophosphorus
00:36:51 6.3 Metallurgical aspects
00:38:11 6.4 Matches
00:38:42 6.5 Water softening
00:39:15 6.6 Miscellaneous
00:40:29 7 Biological role
00:40:53 7.1 Bone and teeth enamel
00:42:37 7.2 Phosphorus deficiency
00:44:55 7.3 Dietary recommendations
00:45:30 7.4 Food sources
00:46:45 8 Precautions
00:49:36 8.1 US DEA List I status
00:50:04 9 Notes
00:53:16 10 References



Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.

Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain

Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.

You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCuKfABj2eGyjH3ntPxp4YeQ

You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
https://github.com/nodef/wikipedia-tts



"The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing."
- Socrates



SUMMARY
=======
Phosphorus is a chemical element with symbol P and atomic number 15. Elemental phosphorus exists in two major forms, white phosphorus and red phosphorus, but because it is highly reactive, phosphorus is never found as a free element on Earth. It has a concentration in the Earth's crust of about one gram per kilogram (compare copper at about 0.06 grams). With few exceptions, minerals containing phosphorus are in the maximally oxidized state as inorganic phosphate rocks.
Elemental phosphorus was first isolated (as white phosphorus) in 1669 and emitted a faint glow when exposed to oxygen – hence the name, taken from Greek mythology, Φωσφόρος meaning "light-bearer" (Latin Lucifer), referring to the "Morning Star", the planet Venus. The term "phosphorescence", meaning glow after illumination, derives from this property of phosphorus, although the word has since been used for a different physical process that produces a glow. The glow of phosphorus is caused by oxidation of the white (but not red) phosphorus — a process now called chemiluminescence.  Together with nitrogen, arsenic, antimony, and bismuth, phosphorus is classified as a pnictogen.
Phosphorus is essential for life. Phosphates (compounds containing the phosphate ion, PO43−) are a component of DNA, RNA, ATP, and phospholipids. Elemental phosphorus was first isolated from human urine, and bone ash was an important early phosphate source. Phosphate mines contain fossils because phosphate is present in the fossilized deposits of animal remains and excreta. Low phosphate levels are an important limit to growth in some aquatic systems. The vast majority of phosphorus compounds mined are consumed as fertilisers. Phosphate is needed to replace the phosphorus that plants remove from the soil, and its annual demand is rising nearly twice as fast as the growth of the human population. Other applications include organophosphorus compounds in detergents, pesticides, and nerve agents.