Home front during World War I | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-05-16

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_front_during_World_War_I


00:03:01 1 Financial costs
00:06:02 2 Britain
00:09:24 2.1 Scotland
00:11:51 2.2 Politics
00:14:51 2.3 Women
00:16:25 3 British Empire
00:16:44 3.1 Canada
00:18:30 3.2 Australia
00:20:36 3.2.1 Internment of German aliens
00:21:50 3.2.2 Economy
00:24:31 3.3 New Zealand
00:26:12 3.4 South Africa
00:27:44 3.5 India
00:29:24 4 Belgium
00:32:10 4.1 Belgian Congo
00:33:20 5 France
00:37:18 6 Russia
00:39:13 7 Italy
00:42:05 8 United States
00:44:44 9 Germany
00:46:01 9.1 Political revolution
00:47:04 10 Austria-Hungary
00:48:50 11 Ottoman Empire
00:50:36 12 Balkans
00:50:45 12.1 Serbia
00:53:16 12.2 Bulgaria
00:55:09 12.3 Greece
00:56:17 13 Asia
00:56:25 13.1 China
00:57:08 13.2 Japan
00:58:40 14 See also
00:58:49 15 Notes and references
00:58:59 16 Further reading
01:02:59 16.1 Economics
01:04:22 16.2 Britain
01:10:12 16.2.1 Year books
01:10:35 16.2.2 Historiography
01:11:21 16.2.3 British Empire, Dominions, India
01:14:22 16.3 France
01:16:32 16.4 Russia
01:18:39 16.5 U.S.
01:20:11 16.6 Other Allies
01:21:12 16.7 Central Powers
01:25:02 16.8 Historiography
01:25:52 17 Primary sources and year books
01:27:59 18 External links



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SUMMARY
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The home front during World War I covers the domestic, economic, social and political histories of countries involved in that conflict. It covers the mobilization of armed forces and war supplies, but does not include the military history. For nonmilitary interactions among the major players see Diplomatic history of World War I.
About 10 million combatants and seven million civilians died during the entire war, including many weakened by years of malnutrition; they fell in the worldwide Spanish Flu pandemic, which struck late in 1918, just as the war was ending.
The Allies had much more potential wealth that they could spend on the war. One estimate (using 1913 US dollars), is that the Allies spent $147 billion on the war and the Central Powers only $61 billion. Among the Allies, Britain and its Empire spent $47 billion and the US$27 billion; among the Central Powers, Germany spent $45 billion.Total war demanded total mobilization of all the nation's resources for a common goal. Manpower had to be channeled into the front lines (all the powers except the United States and Britain had large trained reserves designed for just that). Behind the lines labor power had to be redirected away from less necessary activities that were luxuries during a total war. In particular, vast munitions industries had to be built up to provide shells, guns, warships, uniforms, airplanes, and a hundred other weapons, both old and new. Agriculture had to be mobilized as well, to provide food for both civilians and for soldiers (many of whom had been farmers and needed to be replaced by old men, boys and women) and for horses to move supplies. Transportation in general was a challenge, especially when Britain and Germany each tried to intercept merchant ships headed for the enemy. Finance was a special challenge. Germany financed the Central Powers. Britain financed the Allies until 1916, when it ran out of money and had to borrow from the United States. The US took over the financing of the Allies in 1917 with loans that it insisted be repaid after the war.  The victorious Allies looked to defeated Germany in 1919 to pay "reparations" that would cover some of their costs. Above all, it was essential to conduct the mobilization in such a way that the short term confidence of the people was maintained, the long-term power of the political establishment was upheld, and the long-term economic health of the nation was preserved. For more details on economics see Economic history of World War I.
World War I had a profound impact on woman suffrage across the belligerent ...