Intensive and extensive properties | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2018-12-25

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intensive_and_extensive_properties


00:01:30 1 Intensive properties
00:02:44 1.1 Examples
00:03:03 2 Extensive properties
00:03:53 2.1 Examples
00:04:05 3 Composite properties
00:10:10 3.1 "Specific" properties
00:12:19 4 Potential sources of confusion
00:12:22 5 Limitations
00:12:33 6 References
00:12:58 Limitations



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SUMMARY
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Physical properties of materials and systems can often be categorized as being either intensive or extensive, according to how the property changes when the size (or extent) of the system changes.  According to IUPAC, an intensive quantity is one whose magnitude is independent of the size of the system whereas an extensive quantity is one whose magnitude is additive for subsystems. This reflects the corresponding mathematical ideas of mean and measure, respectively.
An intensive property is a bulk property, meaning that it is a local physical property of a system that does not depend on the system size or the amount of material in the system. Examples of intensive properties include temperature, T; refractive index, n; density, ρ; and hardness of an object, η. In hardness, when a diamond is cut, the pieces maintain their intrinsic hardness, so hardness is independent of the size of the system while the size, number or total area of the diamond pieces is not.
By contrast, an extensive property is additive for subsystems. This means the system could be divided into any number of subsystems, and the extensive property measured for each subsystem; the value of the property for the system would be the sum of the property for each subsystem.  For example, both the mass, m, and the volume, V, of a diamond are directly proportional to the amount that is left after cutting it from the raw mineral.
The terms intensive and extensive quantities were introduced by Richard C. Tolman in 1917.