Archaeoastronomy | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2018-12-25

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archaeoastronomy


00:02:08 1 History
00:06:58 2 Relations to other disciplines
00:11:40 3 Methodology
00:12:39 3.1 Green archaeoastronomy
00:16:25 3.2 Brown archaeoastronomy
00:20:38 4 Source materials
00:20:59 4.1 Alignments
00:22:40 4.2 Artifacts
00:24:01 4.3 Art and inscriptions
00:26:37 4.4 Ethnographies
00:28:59 5 Recreating the ancient sky
00:29:34 5.1 Declination
00:30:42 5.2 Solar positioning
00:31:24 5.3 Lunar positioning
00:32:29 5.4 Stellar positioning
00:33:45 5.5 Transient phenomena
00:35:08 6 Major topics of archaeoastronomical research
00:35:27 6.1 The use of calendars
00:37:15 6.2 Myth and cosmology
00:40:29 6.3 Displays of power
00:42:04 7 Major sites of archaeoastronomical interest
00:42:44 7.1 Newgrange
00:43:42 7.2 Egypt
00:45:17 7.3 El Castillo
00:46:51 7.4 Stonehenge
00:48:01 7.5 Maeshowe
00:49:48 7.6 Uxmal
00:51:08 7.7 Chaco Canyon
00:52:11 7.8 Lascaux Cave
00:53:43 8 Fringe archaeoastronomy
00:55:48 9 Archaeoastronomical organisations and publications
00:57:34 10 See also



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SUMMARY
=======
Archaeoastronomy (also spelled archeoastronomy) is the study of how people in the past "have understood the phenomena in the sky, how they used these phenomena and what role the sky played in their cultures". Clive Ruggles argues it is misleading to consider archaeoastronomy to be the study of ancient astronomy, as modern astronomy is a scientific discipline, while archaeoastronomy considers symbolically rich cultural interpretations of phenomena in the sky by other cultures. It is often twinned with ethnoastronomy, the anthropological study of skywatching in contemporary societies. Archaeoastronomy is also closely associated with historical astronomy, the use of historical records of heavenly events to answer astronomical problems and the history of astronomy, which uses written records to evaluate past astronomical practice.
Archaeoastronomy uses a variety of methods to uncover evidence of past practices including archaeology, anthropology, astronomy, statistics and probability, and history. Because these methods are diverse and use data from such different sources, integrating them into a coherent argument has been a long-term difficulty for archaeoastronomers. Archaeoastronomy fills complementary niches in landscape archaeology and cognitive archaeology. Material evidence and its connection to the sky can reveal how a wider landscape can be integrated into beliefs about the cycles of nature, such as Mayan astronomy and its relationship with agriculture. Other examples which have brought together ideas of cognition and landscape include studies of the cosmic order embedded in the roads of settlements.Archaeoastronomy can be applied to all cultures and all time periods. The meanings of the sky vary from culture to culture; nevertheless there are scientific methods which can be applied across cultures when examining ancient beliefs. It is perhaps the need to balance the social and scientific aspects of archaeoastronomy which led Clive Ruggles to describe it as: "...[A] field with academic work of high quality at one end but uncontrolled speculation bordering on lunacy at the other".