Suppression of Freemasonry | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2018-11-28

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Suppression of Freemasonry

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SUMMARY
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A number of governments have treated Freemasonry as a potential source of opposition due to its secret nature and international connections.  After the founding of modern speculative Masonry in England in 1717, several Protestant states restricted Masonic lodges: the Netherlands banned the lodge in 1735; Sweden and Geneva, in 1738; Zurich, in 1740; and Berne, in 1745. Catholic Spain, Portugal, France and Italy attempted to suppress Freemasonry after 1738. Bavaria followed in 1784; Austria, in 1795; Baden, in 1813; Russia, in 1822. It was  also banned in Pakistan in 1972.Masonic scholar Paul Bessel has noted that the language used by modern totalitarian regimes is similar to that used by some other modern critics of Freemasonry.Freemasonry was persecuted in all the communist countries, but the organization has survived in Cuba, allegedly providing safe haven for dissidents.