Battle of Fredericksburg | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2018-12-05

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Battle of Fredericksburg


00:01:52 1 Background
00:02:01 1.1 Military situation
00:03:48 1.2 Burnside's plan
00:05:34 1.3 Movement to battle
00:09:52 2 Opposing forces
00:10:01 2.1 Union
00:12:17 2.2 Confederate
00:13:30 3 Battle
00:13:38 3.1 Crossing the Rappahannock, December 11–12
00:18:25 3.2 South of the city, December 13
00:29:08 3.3 Marye's Heights, December 13
00:38:42 3.4 Lull and withdrawal, December 14–15
00:41:14 4 Aftermath
00:41:22 4.1 Casualties
00:42:34 4.2 Confederate reaction to the news of the victory
00:43:15 4.3 Effect on the Union
00:44:33 5 Battlefield preservation
00:47:41 6 In popular media
00:48:54 7 See also



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SUMMARY
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The Battle of Fredericksburg was fought December 11–15, 1862, in and around Fredericksburg, Virginia in the Eastern Theater of the American Civil War.  The combat, between the Union Army of the Potomac commanded by Major General Ambrose Burnside and the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia under General Robert E. Lee, was part of the Union Army's futile frontal attacks on December 13 against entrenched Confederate defenders on the heights behind the city.  It is remembered as one of the most one-sided battles of the war, with Union casualties more than three times as heavy as those suffered by the Confederates. A visitor to the battlefield described the battle to U.S. President Abraham Lincoln as a "butchery."Burnside's plan was to cross the Rappahannock River at Fredericksburg in mid-November and race to the Confederate capital of Richmond before Lee's army could stop him. Bureaucratic delays prevented Burnside from receiving the necessary pontoon bridges in time and Lee moved his army to block the crossings. When the Union army was finally able to build its bridges and cross under fire, direct combat within the city resulted on December 11–12. Union troops prepared to assault Confederate defensive positions south of the city and on a strongly fortified ridge just west of the city known as Marye's Heights.
On December 13, the "grand division" of Maj. Gen. William B. Franklin was able to pierce the first defensive line of Confederate Lieutenant General Stonewall Jackson to the south, but was finally repulsed. Burnside ordered the grand divisions of Maj. Gens. Edwin V. Sumner and Joseph Hooker to make multiple frontal assaults against Lt. Gen. James Longstreet's position on Marye's Heights, all of which were repulsed with heavy losses. On December 15, Burnside withdrew his army, ending another failed Union campaign in the Eastern Theater.