English orthography | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2018-12-03

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
English orthography


00:01:19 1 Function of the letters
00:01:46 1.1 Phonemic representation
00:03:26 1.2 Word origin
00:04:32 1.3 Homophone differentiation
00:05:49 1.4 Marking sound changes in other letters
00:07:15 1.5 Multiple functionality
00:07:18 1.6 Underlying representation
00:07:28 2 Diacritics
00:07:47 3 Ligatures
00:12:40 4 Phonic irregularities
00:15:37 5 Spelling irregularities
00:16:21 5.1 History
00:17:54 5.2 "Ough" words
00:23:33 6 Spelling patterns
00:27:56 6.1 Spelling-to-sound correspondences
00:29:31 6.1.1 Vowels
00:29:40 6.1.2 Combinations of vowel letters
00:29:50 6.1.3 Consonants
00:32:09 6.1.4 Combinations of vowel letters and "r"
00:33:08 6.1.5 Combinations of other consonant and vowel letters
00:34:18 6.2 Sound-to-spelling correspondences
00:34:28 6.2.1 Consonants
00:34:53 6.2.2 Vowels
00:35:27 7 See also
00:36:13 7.1 Orthographies of English-related languages
00:36:31 8 References



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SUMMARY
=======
English orthography is the system of writing conventions used to represent spoken English in written form that allows readers to connect spelling to sound to meaning.Like the orthography of most world languages, English orthography has a broad degree of standardization. However, unlike with most languages, there are multiple ways to spell nearly every phoneme (sound), and most letters also have multiple pronunciations depending on their position in a word and the context. Several orthographic mistakes are common even among native speakers. This is mainly due to the large number of words that have been borrowed from a large number of other languages throughout the history of the English language, without successful attempts at complete spelling reforms. Most of the spelling conventions in Modern English were derived from the phonetic spelling of a variety of Middle English, and generally do not reflect the sound changes that have occurred since the late 15th century (such as the Great Vowel Shift).Despite the various English dialects spoken from country to country and within different regions of the same country, there are only slight regional variations in English orthography, the two most recognized variations being British and American spelling, and its overall uniformity helps facilitate international communication. On the other hand, it also adds to the discrepancy between the way English is written and spoken in any given location.