20 Anatomical Landmarks of the mandible - 3D
Channel: Air Tutor
Date: 2021-09-24

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20 anatomical landmarks of the mandible with some information on the function of each area and muscle attachment.

1 - Condyle process (Head, neck and pterygoid fovea) - Articulates with the glenoid fossa in the temporal bone
2 - pterygoid fovea - lies on the anterior surface of the condyler head and its site for attachment of the lateral pterygoid muscle.
3 - cornonid process - it is a triangular plate of bone that projects upwards and forwards slightly. The medial surface and the margins of the coronoid process are the sites of attachment for the temporalis muscle
4 - mandibular notch (coronoid notch) - a curved depression on the upper border of the lower jaw between the coronoid process and the condyler process.
5 - ascending Ramus - these are flat vertical projections that ascend from the obtuse angles of the body. They are quadrilateral and have four borders, anterior, posterior, inferior and superior. Each has lateral and medial surfaces;
6 - Body - Bulk of bone anterior to the angle and ascending ramus
7 - Angle of Ramus (Gonial) - The inferior border of the ascending ramus meets the base of the mandibular body at an obtuse angle; this region is termed the angle of the mandible. This area provides attachment for the masseter on the outside and medial pterygoid muscle on the medial surface and stylomandibular ligament posteriorly
8 - Alveolar ridge - forms the superior margin of the body of the mandible into which the teeth insert
9 - Oblique line - demarcates the junction of the alveolus and the ramus of the mandible.
10 - masseteric tuberosity - rough area for the attachment of the masseter muscle on the external surface of the gonial angle
11 - Symphysis - line of junction where the two lateral halves of the mandible typically fuse at an early period of life (1-2 years)
12 - Mental protuberance - convexities either side of the midline depression at the base
13 - Mylohyoid Line/groove - It is the site of attachment for the mylohyoid muscle. The pterygomandibular raphe is attached to the posterior end of the mylohyoid line.
14 - Sub mandibular fossa - concavity in the lingual part of the mandibular body, inferior to the mylohyoid line, in the lower molar region, where part of the submandibular gland is situated
15 - Mandibular foreamen - a small opening that leads to the mandibular canal, which travels obliquly downwards and forwards through the mandibular ramus to terminate as the mental foreamen on the external surface of the mandibular body. contains the Inferior Alveolar Nerve
16 - Lingula - a triangular bony projection or ridge on the medial surface of the ascending ramus, immediately superior to the mandibular foramen. It provides attachment for the sphenomandibular ligament
17 - Mental foreamen - small opening that lies below the premolar teeth and is the opening of the mandibular canal. transmits the mental nerve from the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve and accompanying vessels
18 - Mental spine (genial tubercles) - bony projections located bilaterally around the lingual foramen, on the lingual surface of the mandible giving attachment to geniohyoid inferiorly & genioglossus superiorly
19 - pterygoid tuberosity - a rough area for the attachment of the medial pterygoid muscle on the internal surface of the gonial angle
20 - Digastric fossa - oval depressions for the attachment of the anterior belly of the Digastric, below the mental spines, on internal surface of body of mandible, on either side of the middle line

credit to university of Dundee, school of dentistry for the graphics.

sources:
https://sketchfab.com/3d-models/mandible-7a3c3b99916e481197e6f18fda107c15 
https://doctorlib.info/medical/anatomy/38.html
https://sketchfab.com/3d-models/innervation-of-the-tmj-6715a094e266404b8c57d2515a7a12ff
https://sketchfab.com/3d-models/temporalis-muscle-6d3a87bb585141f6910c0e1a8313c6e5
https://sketchfab.com/3d-models/digastric-muscle-c00e50a370954573ae33d309b8c5e724
https://sketchfab.com/3d-models/muscles-of-mastication-medial-pterygoid-d8f27cdaecd4404e90c1b797c3dbf917
https://sketchfab.com/3d-models/articular-disc-tmj-a2c3d9bd82274fa187ee482bbe750d78
https://sketchfab.com/3d-models/masseter-6608f6a82eae49c18e4b1ce852557fb2
https://sketchfab.com/3d-models/lateral-pterygoids-b240c9decbc9424e848a1eccb7ea0e90

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