Methadone | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2018-12-10

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Methadone


00:01:46 1 Medical uses
00:01:55 1.1 Methadone maintenance
00:04:01 1.2 Opioid detoxification
00:04:36 1.3 Pain
00:05:02 2 Adverse effects
00:06:40 2.1 Withdrawal symptoms
00:08:50 2.2 Black box warning
00:09:41 2.3 Overdose
00:11:25 2.4 Tolerance and dependence
00:12:07 2.5 Driving
00:13:14 2.6 Mortality
00:15:04 3 Pharmacology
00:16:37 3.1 Mechanism of action
00:18:25 3.2 Metabolism
00:20:24 3.3 Route of administration
00:23:15 4 Chemistry
00:23:24 4.1 Detection in biological fluids
00:24:13 5 History
00:30:01 6 Society and culture
00:30:10 6.1 Brand names
00:30:27 6.2 Cost
00:32:21 6.3 Controversy
00:33:13 6.4 Regulation



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SUMMARY
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Methadone, sold under the brand name Dolophine among others, is an opioid used for opioid maintenance therapy, to help with tapering in people with opioid dependence, and for pain. Detoxification using methadone can either be done relatively rapidly in less than a month or gradually over as long as six months. While a single dose has a rapid effect, maximum effect can take five days of use. The pain relieving effects last about six hours after a single dose, similar to morphine's. After long term use, in people with normal liver function, effects last 8 to 36 hours. Methadone is usually taken by mouth and rarely by injection into a muscle or vein.Side effects are similar to those of other opioids. Commonly these include dizziness, sleepiness, vomiting, and sweating. Serious risks include opioid abuse and a decreased effort to breathe. Abnormal heart rhythms may also occur due to a prolonged QT interval. The number of deaths in the United States involving methadone poisoning declined from 4,418 in 2011 to 3,300 in 2015. Risks are greater with higher doses. Methadone is made by chemical synthesis and acts on opioid receptors.Methadone was developed in Germany around 1937 to 1939 by Gustav Ehrhart and Max Bockmühl. It was approved for use in the United States in 1947. Methadone is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the most effective and safe medicines needed in a health system. Globally in 2013, about 41,400 kilograms were manufactured. It is regulated similarly to other narcotic drugs. It is not particularly expensive in the United States.