Computer virus | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-01-13

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_virus


00:03:20 1 Historical development
00:03:29 1.1 Early academic work on self-replicating programs
00:05:12 1.2 First examples
00:11:20 2 Operations and functions
00:11:30 2.1 Parts
00:11:59 2.1.1 Infection mechanism
00:12:22 2.1.2 Trigger
00:12:57 2.1.3 Payload
00:13:31 2.2 Phases
00:13:50 2.2.1 Dormant phase
00:14:35 2.2.2 Propagation phase
00:15:16 2.2.3 Triggering phase
00:15:43 2.2.4 Execution phase
00:16:10 3 Infection targets and replication techniques
00:16:47 3.1 Resident vs. non-resident viruses
00:17:46 3.2 Macro viruses
00:18:49 3.3 Boot sector viruses
00:19:13 3.4 Email virus
00:19:57 4 Stealth techniques
00:21:34 4.1 Read request intercepts
00:23:52 4.2 Self-modification
00:25:21 4.2.1 Encrypted viruses
00:27:43 4.2.2 Polymorphic code
00:29:44 4.2.3 Metamorphic code
00:30:28 5 Vulnerabilities and infection vectors
00:30:39 5.1 Software bugs
00:31:19 5.2 Social engineering and poor security practices
00:32:33 5.3 Vulnerability of different operating systems
00:34:42 6 Countermeasures
00:34:52 6.1 Antivirus software
00:39:42 6.2 Recovery strategies and methods
00:40:54 6.2.1 Virus removal
00:43:01 6.2.2 Operating system reinstallation
00:44:31 6.3 Viruses and the Internet



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SUMMARY
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A computer virus is a type of malicious software that, when executed, replicates itself by modifying other computer programs and inserting its own code. When this replication succeeds, the affected areas are then said to be "infected" with a computer virus.Virus writers use social engineering deceptions and exploit detailed knowledge of security vulnerabilities to initially infect systems and to spread the virus. The vast majority of viruses target systems running Microsoft Windows, employing a variety of mechanisms to infect new hosts, and often using complex anti-detection/stealth strategies to evade antivirus software. Motives for creating viruses can include seeking profit (e.g., with ransomware), desire to send a political message, personal amusement, to demonstrate that a vulnerability exists in software, for sabotage and denial of service, or simply because they wish to explore cybersecurity issues, artificial life and evolutionary algorithms.Computer viruses currently cause billions of dollars' worth of economic damage each year,  due to causing system failure, wasting computer resources, corrupting data, increasing maintenance costs, etc. In response, free, open-source antivirus tools have been developed, and an industry of antivirus software has cropped up, selling or freely distributing virus protection to users of various operating systems. As of  2005, even though no currently existing antivirus software was able to uncover all computer viruses (especially new ones), computer security researchers are actively searching for new ways to enable antivirus solutions to more effectively detect emerging viruses, before they have already become widely distributed.The term "virus" is also commonly, but erroneously, used to refer to other types of malware. "Malware" encompasses computer viruses along with many other forms of malicious software, such as computer "worms", ransomware, spyware, adware, trojan horses, keyloggers, rootkits, bootkits, malicious Browser Helper Object (BHOs), and other malicious software. The majority of active malware threats are actually trojan horse programs or computer worms rather than computer viruses. The term computer virus, coined by Fred Cohen in 1985, is a misnomer. Viruses often perform some type of harmful activity on infected host computers, such as acquisition of hard disk space or central processing unit (CPU) time, accessing private information (e.g., credit card numbers), corrupting data, displaying political or humorous messages on the user's screen, ...