Uniformity of nature | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-06-14

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniformitarianism


00:01:33 1 History
00:01:42 1.1 18th century
00:05:42 1.2 19th century
00:06:42 1.2.1 Systems of inorganic earth history
00:07:30 1.2.2 Lyell's uniformitarianism
00:08:41 1.2.2.1 Methodological assumptions
00:10:14 1.2.2.2 Substantive hypotheses
00:12:15 1.3 20th century
00:15:55 2 See also



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SUMMARY
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Uniformitarianism, also known as the Doctrine of Uniformity, is the assumption that the same natural laws and processes that operate in our present-day scientific observations have always operated in the universe in the past and apply everywhere in the universe. It refers to invariance in the metaphysical principles underpinning science, such as the constancy of cause and effect throughout space-time, but has also been used to describe spatiotemporal invariance of physical laws. Though an unprovable postulate that cannot be verified using the scientific method, uniformitarianism has been a key first principle of virtually all fields of science.In geology, uniformitarianism has included the gradualistic concept that "the present is the key to the past" and that geological events occur at the same rate now as they have always done, though many modern geologists no longer hold to a strict gradualism. Coined by William Whewell, it was originally proposed in contrast to catastrophism by British naturalists in the late 18th century, starting with the work of the geologist James Hutton in his many books including Theory of the Earth. Hutton's work was later refined by scientist John Playfair and popularised by geologist Charles Lyell's Principles of Geology in 1830. Today, Earth's history is considered to have been a slow, gradual process, punctuated by occasional natural catastrophic events.