Greco-Italian War | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-06-17

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greco-Italian_War


00:05:30 1 Background
00:05:39 1.1 Italian imperialism
00:07:51 1.2 Greek–Italian relations in the interwar period
00:14:15 1.3 Prelude to war, 1939–40
00:26:49 2 Opposing plans
00:26:59 2.1 Italy
00:37:35 2.2 Greece
00:41:34 3 Orders of battle
00:41:44 3.1 Italy
00:44:51 3.2 Greece
00:48:56 3.3 Britain
00:50:27 4 Campaign
00:52:04 4.1 Italian offensive (28 October – 13 November 1940)
00:53:52 4.1.1 Epirus and coastal sectors
00:58:39 4.1.2 Pindus sector
01:02:00 4.2 Greek counter-offensive (14 November 1940&#160;– 6 January 1941)
01:04:10 4.2.1 Fall of Korçë (14–23 November)
01:07:14 4.2.2 Greek offensive towards Valona (23 November – December 1940)
01:11:43 4.3 End of the Greek offensive (6 January – 6 April 1941)
01:13:55 4.3.1 Struggle for Klisura Pass and Tepelenë
01:18:49 4.4 Italian Spring Offensive
01:21:41 4.5 Greek logistical situation in early 1941
01:25:54 4.6 German invasion
01:29:58 5 Sea and air campaign
01:30:08 5.1 Naval operations
01:32:51 5.2 Air operations
01:33:01 5.2.1 Regia Aeronautica
01:34:11 5.2.2 Royal Hellenic Air Force
01:35:02 5.2.3 RAF
01:37:32 6 Home front
01:37:42 6.1 Greece
01:40:02 6.2 Italy
01:42:21 6.3 Albania
01:44:08 7 Aftermath
01:44:18 7.1 Analysis
01:44:27 7.1.1 Impact on iBarbarossa/i
01:47:00 7.1.2 Effect on Italy
01:52:33 7.1.3 Impact on Greece
01:56:37 7.1.4 German opinion
01:59:12 7.2 Casualties
02:01:54 7.3 Occupation
02:02:50 8 Notes



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SUMMARY
=======
The Greco-Italian War (Italo-Greek War, Italian Campaign in Greece; in Greece: War of '40 and Epic of '40) took place between the kingdoms of Italy and Greece from 28 October 1940 to 23 April 1941. This local war began the Balkans Campaign of World War II between the Axis powers and the Allies. It turned into the Battle of Greece when British and German ground forces intervened early in 1941.
In the mid-1930s, the Italian Prime Minister Benito Mussolini began an aggressive foreign policy and annexed Albania in the spring of 1939. World War II began on 1 September 1939 and on 10 June 1940, Italy declared war on the Allies. By September 1940, the Italians had invaded France, British Somaliland and Egypt; preparations had also begun to occupy Greece. In the late 1930s, the Greeks had begun to build the Metaxas Line opposite Bulgaria and from 1939 accelerated their defensive preparations against an Italian attack from Albania. In 1940, there was a hostile press campaign in Italy and other provocations, culminating in the sinking of the Greek light cruiser Elli by the Italians on 15 August (the Christian Dormition of the Mother of God festival). On 28 October, Mussolini issued an ultimatum to Greece demanding the cession of Greek territory, which the Prime Minister of Greece, Ioannis Metaxas, rejected.
The Italian army invaded Greece on 28 October, before the Italian ultimatum had expired. The invasion was a disaster, the 140,000 troops of the Italian Army in Albania encountering an entrenched and determined enemy. The Italians had to contend with the mountainous terrain on the Albanian–Greek border and unexpectedly tenacious resistance by the Greek Army. By mid-November, the Greeks had stopped the Italian invasion just inside Greek territory. After completing their mobilization, the Greeks counter-attacked with the bulk of their army and pushed the Italians back into Albania – an advance which culminated in the Capture of Klisura Pass in January 1941, a few dozen kilometers inside the Albanian border. The defeat of the Italian invasion and the Greek counter-offensive of 1940 have been called the "first Axis setback of the entire war" by Mark Mazower, the Greeks "surprising everyone with the tenacity of their resistance". The front stabilized in February 1941, by which time th ...