Republicanism | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-03-06

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republicanism


00:02:36 1 Historical development of republicanism
00:02:47 1.1 Classical antecedents
00:02:57 1.1.1 Ancient Greece
00:04:58 1.1.2 Ancient Rome
00:11:29 1.2 Renaissance republicanism
00:15:14 1.2.1 Dutch Republic
00:16:26 1.2.2 Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
00:17:36 1.3 Enlightenment republicanism
00:17:46 1.3.1 England
00:20:15 1.3.2 French and Swiss thought
00:22:18 1.4 Republicanism in the United States
00:27:32 1.5 iRépublicanisme/i
00:28:54 1.6 Republicanism in Ireland
00:34:10 2 Modern republicanism
00:35:02 2.1 France
00:38:18 2.2 United States
00:39:26 2.3 The British Empire and the Commonwealth of Nations
00:40:17 2.3.1 Australia
00:40:44 2.3.2 Barbados
00:41:07 2.3.3 Canada
00:41:15 2.3.4 Jamaica
00:41:35 2.3.5 New Zealand
00:41:48 2.3.6 The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
00:42:12 2.4 The Netherlands
00:44:24 2.5 Sweden
00:44:46 2.6 Spain
00:46:17 2.7 Neo-republicanism
00:48:37 3 Democracy
00:50:53 3.1 Democracy and republic
00:52:26 3.2 Constitutional monarchs and upper chambers
00:53:50 4 See also



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SUMMARY
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Republicanism is a representative approach to democratic organization. It is a political ideology centered on citizenship in a state organized as a republic under which the people hold popular sovereignty. It  has had different definitions and interpretations which vary significantly based on historical context and methodological approach.
Republicanism may also refer to the non-ideological scientific approach to politics and governance. As the republican thinker John Adams stated in the introduction to his famous Defense of the Constitution, the "science of politics is the science of social happiness" and a republic is the form of government arrived at when the science of politics is appropriately applied to the creation of a rationally designed government. Rather than being ideological, this approach focuses on applying a scientific methodology to the problems of governance through the rigorous study and application of past experience and experimentation in governance. This is the approach that may best be described to apply to republican thinkers such as  Niccolò Machiavelli (as evident in his Discourses on Livy),  John Adams, and James Madison. 
The word "republic" derives from the Latin noun-phrase res publica (thing of the people), which referred to the system of government that emerged in the 6th century BCE following the expulsion of the kings from Rome by Lucius Junius Brutus and Collatinus.This form of government in the Roman state collapsed in the latter part of the 1st century B.C., giving way to what was a monarchy in form, if not in name. Republics recurred subsequently, with, for example, Renaissance Florence or early modern Britain. The concept of a republic became a powerful force in Britain's North American colonies, where it contributed to the American Revolution. In Europe, it gained enormous influence through the French Revolution and through the First French Republic of 1792–1804.