Electrical power grid | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-06-29

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_grid


00:01:58 1 History
00:06:06 2 Features
00:06:15 2.1 Voltage
00:06:49 2.2 Topologies
00:09:08 2.3 Synchronous grid
00:10:48 2.4 Frequency
00:13:17 2.5 Demand
00:13:57 2.6 Production
00:14:21 2.7 Transmission losses
00:14:41 2.8 Capacity and firm capacity
00:15:34 2.9 Interconnectors
00:16:58 3 Failure
00:17:06 3.1 Brownout
00:17:48 3.2 Blackout
00:19:03 3.3 Black start
00:21:19 4 Size
00:21:28 4.1 Wide area synchronous grid
00:23:43 4.2 Microgrid
00:24:28 4.3 Super grids
00:25:58 5 Trends
00:26:07 5.1 Demand response
00:26:35 5.2 Aging infrastructure
00:28:00 5.3 Modernization
00:29:45 5.4 Distributed generation
00:31:36 5.5 Smart grid
00:34:40 5.6 Grid defection
00:35:26 6 Utilities and oligopoly
00:36:05 7 See also



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SUMMARY
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An electrical grid, or electric grid, is an interconnected network for delivering electricity from producers to consumers. It consists of

Generating stations that produce electrical power
High voltage transmission lines that carry power from distant sources to demand centers
Distribution lines that connect individual customers.Power stations may be located near a fuel source, at a dam site (to take advantage of renewable energy sources), and are often located away from heavily populated areas. The electric power which is generated is stepped up to a higher voltage at which it connects to the electric power transmission net.
The bulk power transmission network will move the power long distances, sometimes across international boundaries, until it reaches its wholesale customer (usually the company that owns the local electric power distribution network).
On arrival at a substation, the power will be stepped down from a transmission level voltage to a distribution level voltage. As it exits the substation, it enters the distribution wiring. Finally, upon arrival at the service location, the power is stepped down again from the distribution voltage to the required service voltage(s).
Electrical grids vary in size from covering a single building through national grids which cover whole countries, to transnational grids which can cross continents.
Although electrical grids are wide spread, 1.4 billion people are not connected to an electricity grid.Electrical grids can be prone to malicious intrusion or attack; thus, there is a need for electric grid security. Also as electric grids modernize and introduce computers, cyber threats also start to become a security risk. Particular concerns relate to the more complex computer systems needed to manage grids with a large proportion of intermittent renewable energy sources in the electricity mix.