Medieval | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-03-26

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_Ages


00:03:37 1 Terminology and periodisation
00:06:46 2 Later Roman Empire
00:11:50 3 Early Middle Ages
00:12:00 3.1 New societies
00:16:17 3.2 Byzantine survival
00:19:13 3.3 Western society
00:23:32 3.4 Rise of Islam
00:25:31 3.5 Trade and economy
00:27:13 3.6 Church and monasticism
00:30:45 3.7 Carolingian Europe
00:34:42 3.8 Carolingian Renaissance
00:36:09 3.9 Breakup of the Carolingian Empire
00:39:27 3.10 New kingdoms and Byzantine revival
00:43:31 3.11 Art and architecture
00:45:45 3.12 Military and technological developments
00:47:50 4 High Middle Ages
00:47:59 4.1 Society and economic life
00:54:23 4.2 Rise of state power
00:59:19 4.3 Crusades
01:03:03 4.4 Intellectual life
01:06:11 4.5 Technology and military
01:08:27 4.6 Architecture, art, and music
01:11:44 4.7 Church life
01:14:56 5 Late Middle Ages
01:15:06 5.1 War, famine, and plague
01:17:02 5.2 Society and economy
01:18:48 5.3 State resurgence
01:22:24 5.4 Collapse of Byzantium
01:23:41 5.5 Controversy within the Church
01:26:19 5.6 Scholars, intellectuals, and exploration
01:29:46 5.7 Technological and military developments
01:31:13 5.8 Late medieval art and architecture
01:33:45 6 Modern perceptions
01:36:05 7 Notes



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SUMMARY
=======
In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages (or medieval period) lasted from the 5th to the 15th century. It began with the fall of the Western Roman Empire and merged into the Renaissance and the Age of Discovery. The Middle Ages is the middle period of the three traditional divisions of Western history: classical antiquity, the medieval period, and the modern period. The medieval period is itself subdivided into the Early, High, and Late Middle Ages.
Population decline, counterurbanisation, collapse of centralized authority, invasions, and mass migrations of tribes, which had begun in Late Antiquity, continued in the Early Middle Ages. The large-scale movements of the Migration Period, including various Germanic peoples, formed new kingdoms in what remained of the Western Roman Empire. In the 7th century, North Africa and the Middle East—once part of the Byzantine Empire—came under the rule of the Umayyad Caliphate, an Islamic empire, after conquest by Muhammad's successors.  Although there were substantial changes in society and political structures, the break with classical antiquity was not complete. The still-sizeable Byzantine Empire, Rome's direct continuation, survived in the Eastern Mediterranean and remained a major power. The empire's law code, the Corpus Juris Civilis or "Code of Justinian", was rediscovered in Northern Italy in 1070 and became widely admired later in the Middle Ages.  In the West, most kingdoms incorporated the few extant Roman institutions. Monasteries were founded as campaigns to Christianise pagan Europe continued. The Franks, under the Carolingian dynasty, briefly established the Carolingian Empire during the later 8th and early 9th century. It covered much of Western Europe but later succumbed to the pressures of internal civil wars combined with external invasions: Vikings from the north, Magyars from the east, and Saracens from the south.
During the High Middle Ages, which began after 1000, the population of Europe increased greatly as technological and agricultural innovations allowed trade to flourish and the Medieval Warm Period climate change allowed crop yields to increase. Manorialism, the organisation of peasants into villages that owed rent and labour services to the nobles, and feudalism, the political structure whereby knights and lower-status nobles owed military service to their overlords in return for the right to rent from lands and manors, were two of the ways society was organised in the High Middle Ages. The Crusades, first preached in 1095,  ...