Ishvara | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-01-09

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ishvara


00:01:28 1 Etymology
00:04:11 2 Schools of thought
00:07:03 2.1 In Samkhya school of Hinduism
00:07:36 2.2 In Yoga school of Hinduism
00:09:41 2.3 In Vaisesika school of Hinduism
00:11:22 2.4 In Nyaya school of Hinduism
00:13:49 2.5 In Mimamsa school of Hinduism
00:15:00 2.6 In Vedanta school of Hinduism
00:15:11 2.6.1 Advaita Vedanta
00:17:41 2.6.2 Vishishtadvaita Vedanta
00:19:04 2.6.3 Dvaita Vedanta
00:21:46 2.6.4 Achintya-Bheda-Abheda
00:23:09 2.7 In Carvaka school of Hinduism



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SUMMARY
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Ishvara (Sanskrit: ईश्वर, IAST: Īśvara) is a concept in Hinduism, with a wide range of meanings that depend on the era and the school of Hinduism. In ancient texts of Indian philosophy, depending on the context, Ishvara can mean supreme soul, ruler, lord, king, queen  or husband. In medieval era Hindu texts, depending on the school of Hinduism, Ishvara means God, Supreme Being, personal god, or special Self.In Shaivism and for almost all Hindus, Ishvara is synonymous with "Shiva", sometimes as Maheshvara or Parameshvara meaning the "Supreme lord", or as an Ishta-deva (personal god). For a few Vaishnavists, it is synonymous with Vishnu. In traditional Bhakti movements, Ishvara is one or more deities of an individual's preference from Hinduism's polytheistic canon of deities. In modern sectarian movements such as Arya Samaj and Brahmoism, Ishvara takes the form of a monotheistic  God. In Yoga school of Hinduism, it is any "personal deity" or "spiritual inspiration". In Advaita Vedanta school, Ishvara is a monistic Universal Absolute that connects and is the Oneness in everyone and everything.