Talmud | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2018-12-15

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Talmud


00:01:45 1 Etymology
00:02:02 2 History
00:03:09 3 Babylonian and Jerusalem
00:04:14 3.1 Jerusalem Talmud
00:07:15 3.2 Babylonian Talmud
00:09:43 3.3 Comparison of style and subject matter
00:12:59 4 Structure
00:13:45 4.1 Mishnah
00:14:38 4.2 Baraita
00:15:22 4.3 Gemara
00:16:32 4.4 Minor tractates
00:16:52 5 Language
00:18:03 6 Printing
00:18:12 6.1 Bomberg Talmud 1523
00:18:45 6.2 Benveniste Talmud 1645
00:19:16 6.3 Slavuta Talmud 1795 and Vilna Talmud 1835
00:21:28 6.4 Goldschmidt Talmud 1897–1909, and German translation
00:22:00 6.5 Critical editions
00:23:48 6.6 Editions for a wider audience
00:26:19 7 Translations
00:26:28 7.1 Talmud Bavli
00:30:31 7.2 Talmud Yerushalmi
00:31:55 8 Scholarship
00:32:18 8.1 Geonim
00:33:06 8.2 Halakhic and Aggadic extractions
00:34:28 8.3 Commentaries
00:39:14 8.4 Pilpul
00:41:14 8.5 Sephardic approaches
00:43:26 8.6 Brisker method
00:44:26 8.7 Critical method
00:44:48 8.7.1 Textual emendations
00:48:06 8.8 Historical analysis, and higher textual criticism
00:52:34 8.9 Contemporary scholarship
00:56:23 9 Role in Judaism
00:56:54 9.1 Sadducees
00:57:18 9.2 Karaism
00:58:11 9.3 Reform Judaism
00:59:08 9.4 Humanistic Judaism
00:59:27 9.5 Present day
01:01:44 10 In visual arts
01:01:54 10.1 In Carl Schleicher's paintings
01:02:17 10.2 Jewish art
01:02:26 11 Other contexts
01:05:02 12 Criticism
01:06:28 12.1 Middle Ages
01:13:09 12.2 19th century and after
01:15:30 12.3 Contemporary accusations
01:17:17 13 See also



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SUMMARY
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The Talmud (; Hebrew: תַּלְמוּד talmūd) is the central text of Rabbinic Judaism and the primary source of Jewish religious law (halakha) and Jewish theology. Until the advent of modernity, in nearly all Jewish communities, the Talmud was the centerpiece of Jewish cultural life and was foundational to "all Jewish thought and aspirations", serving also as "the guide for the daily life" of Jews.The term "Talmud" normally refers to the collection of writings named specifically the Babylonian Talmud (Talmud Bavli), although there is also an earlier collection known as the Jerusalem Talmud (Talmud Yerushalmi). It may also traditionally be called Shas (ש״ס), a Hebrew abbreviation of shisha sedarim, or the "six orders" of the Mishnah.
The Talmud has two components; the Mishnah (Hebrew: משנה, c. year 200 CE), a written compendium of Rabbinic Judaism's Oral Torah; and the Gemara (circa year 500 CE), an elucidation of the Mishnah and related Tannaitic writings that often ventures onto other subjects and expounds broadly on the Hebrew Bible. The term "Talmud" may refer to either the Gemara alone, or the Mishnah and Gemara together.
The entire Talmud consists of 63 tractates, and in standard print is over 6,200 pages long. It is written in Mishnaic Hebrew and Jewish Babylonian Aramaic and contains the teachings and opinions of thousands of rabbis (dating from before the Common Era through to the fifth century) on a variety of subjects, including halakha , Jewish ethics, philosophy, customs, history, lore and many other topics. The Talmud is the basis for all codes of Jewish law, and is widely quoted in rabbinic literature.