Buddhism | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2018-12-09

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Buddhism


00:01:47 1 Life of the Buddha
00:05:12 2 The problems of life: idukkha/i and isaṃsāra/i
00:05:23 2.1 Four Noble Truths – idukkha/i and its ending
00:08:02 2.2 The cycle of rebirth
00:08:10 2.2.1 Saṃsāra
00:09:24 2.2.2 Rebirth
00:11:15 2.2.3 Karma
00:13:01 2.3 Liberation
00:15:07 3 The path to liberation: iBhavana/i (practice, cultivation)
00:16:03 3.1 Refuge in the Three Jewels
00:17:11 3.2 The Buddhist path
00:17:19 3.2.1 Theravada – Noble Eightfold Path
00:19:05 3.2.2 Mahayana – Bodhisattva-path and the six paramitas
00:22:04 3.3 iŚīla/i – Buddhist ethics
00:22:41 3.3.1 Precepts
00:25:54 3.3.2 Vinaya
00:27:09 3.4 iSamadhi/i (idhyana/i) – meditation
00:27:56 3.4.1 Origins
00:29:58 3.4.2 Four irupa-jhāna/i and four iarupa-jhāna/i
00:32:18 3.4.3 Meditation and insight
00:33:44 3.4.4 The iBrahma-vihara/i
00:35:35 3.4.5 Visualizations: deities, mandalas
00:36:45 3.4.6 Practice: monks, laity
00:37:48 3.5 iPrajñā/i – insight
00:38:42 3.5.1 Origins
00:40:54 3.5.2 Theravada
00:41:02 3.5.2.1 Vipassanā
00:42:15 3.5.2.2 Dependent arising
00:44:11 3.5.3 Mahayana
00:44:19 3.5.3.1 Emptiness
00:45:08 3.5.3.2 Representation-ony c.q. mind-only
00:46:33 3.5.3.3 Buddha-nature
00:47:28 3.6 Devotion
00:48:43 4 Buddhist texts
00:50:41 4.1 Pāli Tipitaka
00:51:55 4.2 Theravada texts
00:52:23 4.3 Mahayana sutras
00:53:38 4.4 Śālistamba Sutra
00:54:39 5 History
00:54:48 5.1 Historical roots
00:56:57 5.2 Indian Buddhism
00:57:23 5.2.1 Pre-sectarian Buddhism
00:58:46 5.2.1.1 Core teachings
01:01:20 5.2.2 Early Buddhist schools
01:03:31 5.2.3 Early Mahayana Buddhism
01:05:06 5.2.4 Late Mahayana Buddhism
01:05:44 5.2.5 Vajrayana (Esoteric Buddhism)
01:06:17 5.3 Spread of Buddhism
01:09:02 5.3.1 To East and Southeast Asia
01:11:41 6 Schools and traditions
01:13:41 6.1 Timeline
01:13:54 6.2 Theravada school
01:15:25 6.3 Mahayana traditions
01:17:20 6.3.1 Vajrayana traditions
01:19:02 6.3.2 Zen
01:20:12 7 Buddhism in the modern era
01:20:22 7.1 Colonial era
01:22:01 7.2 Buddhism in the West
01:25:08 7.3 Neo-Buddhism movements
01:26:57 7.4 Demographics
01:29:18 8 See also
01:29:27 9 Notes



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"The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing."
- Socrates



SUMMARY
=======
Buddhism (, US also ) is the world's fourth-largest religion with over 520 million followers, or over 7% of the global population, known as Buddhists.
An Indian religion, Buddhism encompasses a variety of traditions, beliefs and spiritual practices largely based on original teachings attributed to the Buddha and resulting interpreted philosophies. Buddhism originated in ancient India as a Sramana tradition sometime between the 6th and 4th centuries BCE, spreading through much of Asia. Two major extant branches of Buddhism are generally recognized by scholars: Theravada (Pali: "The School of the Elders") and Mahayana (Sanskrit: "The Great Vehicle").
All Buddhist traditions share the goal of overcoming suffering and the cycle of death and rebirth, either by the attainment of Nirvana or through the path of Buddhahood. Buddhist schools vary in their interpretation of the path to liberation, the relative importance and canonicity assigned to the various Buddhist texts, and their specific teachings and practices. Widely observed practices include taking refuge in the Buddha, the Dharma and the Sangha, observance of moral precepts, monasticism, meditation, and the cultivation of the Paramitas (virtues).
Theravada Buddhism has a widespread following in Sri Lanka and Southeast Asia. Mahayana, which includes the traditions of Pure Land, Zen, Nichiren Buddhism, Shingon and Tiantai (Tendai), is found throughout East Asia.
Vajrayana, a body of teachings attributed to Indian adepts, may be viewed as a separate branch or as an aspect of Mahayana Buddhism. Tibetan Buddhism, which preserves the Vajrayana teachings of eighth-century India, is practiced in the countries of the Himalayan region, Mongolia, and Kalmykia.