Gandhi | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2018-12-16

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Gandhi


00:03:25 1 Biography
00:03:34 1.1 Early life and background
00:09:36 1.2 English barrister
00:13:19 1.3 Civil rights activist in South Africa (1893–1914)
00:17:39 1.3.1 Europeans, Indians and Africans
00:21:34 1.4 Struggle for Indian independence (1915–1947)
00:23:18 1.4.1 Role in World War I
00:24:38 1.5 Champaran and Kheda
00:24:47 1.5.1 Champaran agitations
00:25:32 1.5.2 Kheda agitations
00:26:38 1.5.3 Khilafat movement
00:29:38 1.5.4 Non-co-operation
00:34:16 1.5.5 Salt Satyagraha (Salt March)
00:37:07 1.5.5.1 Gandhi as folk hero
00:38:46 1.5.5.2 Negotiations
00:41:09 1.5.6 Round Table Conferences
00:42:48 1.5.7 Congress politics
00:44:16 1.5.8 World War II and iQuit India movement/i
00:48:23 1.5.9 Partition and independence
00:51:50 1.6 Assassination
00:55:53 1.6.1 Funeral and memorials
00:57:18 2 Principles, practices and beliefs
00:57:50 2.1 Influences
01:00:43 2.1.1 Tolstoy
01:01:53 2.1.2 Shrimad Rajchandra
01:02:59 2.1.3 Religious texts
01:03:54 2.2 On wars and nonviolence
01:04:03 2.2.1 Support for Wars
01:07:13 2.2.2 Truth and Satyagraha
01:12:09 2.2.3 Nonviolence
01:14:35 2.3 On inter-religious relations
01:14:45 2.3.1 Buddhists, Jains and Sikhs
01:15:32 2.3.2 Jews
01:18:11 2.3.3 Christians
01:20:46 2.3.4 Muslims
01:23:33 2.3.4.1 Sufism
01:24:00 2.4 On life, society and other application of his ideas
01:24:12 2.4.1 Vegetarianism, food, and animals
01:26:59 2.4.2 Fasting
01:28:31 2.4.3 Women
01:30:04 2.4.4 Brahmacharya: abstinence from sex and food
01:33:28 2.4.5 Untouchability and castes
01:37:14 2.4.6 Nai Talim, basic education
01:38:37 2.4.7 Swaraj, self-rule
01:40:26 2.4.8 Hindu nationalism and revivalism
01:42:15 2.4.9 Gandhian economics
01:45:29 2.4.10 Gandhism
01:46:49 3 Literary works
01:48:45 4 Legacy and depictions in popular culture
01:49:34 4.1 Followers and international influence
01:53:50 4.2 Global days that celebrate Gandhi
01:54:28 4.3 Awards
01:56:33 4.3.1 Father of the Nation
01:57:06 4.4 Film, theatre and literature
01:59:35 4.5 Current impact within India
02:01:10 4.6 Descendants
02:01:49 5 See also



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SUMMARY
=======
Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi (; Hindustani: [ˈmoːɦəndaːs ˈkərəmtʃənd ˈɡaːndʱi] (listen); 2 October 1869 – 30 January 1948) was an Indian activist who was the leader of the Indian independence movement against British rule. Employing nonviolent civil disobedience, Gandhi led India to independence and inspired movements for civil rights and freedom across the world. The honorific Mahātmā (Sanskrit: "high-souled", "venerable") – applied to him first in 1914 in South Africa – is now used worldwide. In India, he is also called Bapu (Gujarati: endearment for father, papa) and Gandhi ji, and known as the Father of the Nation.Born and raised in a Hindu merchant caste family in coastal Gujarat, India, and trained in law at the Inner Temple, London, Gandhi first employed nonviolent civil disobedience as an expatriate lawyer in South Africa, in the resident Indian community's struggle for civil rights. After his return to India in 1915, he set about organising peasants, farmers, and urban labourers to protest against excessive land-tax and discrimination. Assuming leadership of the Indian National Congress in 1921, Gandhi led nationwide campaigns for various social causes and for achieving Swaraj or self-rule.
Gandhi led Indians in challenging the British-imposed salt tax with the 400 km (250 mi) Dandi Salt March in 1930, and later in calling for the British to Quit India in 1942. He was imprisoned for many years, upon many occasions, in both South Africa and India. He lived modestly in a self-sufficient residential community and wore the traditional Indian dhoti and shawl, woven with yarn hand-spun on a charkha. He ate simple vegetarian food, and also undertook long fasts as a means of both self-purification and political protest.
Gandhi's vision of an independent India based on religious pluralism, however, was challenged i ...