Pattadakal | Early Chalukya Temple Architecture | el Liven
Channel: el Liven
Date: 2021-06-06

Pattadakal has sublime temple architecture evolving from basic stone structures to intricate exterior and interior work. This UNESCO site depicts the rekha-nagara and dravida-viman models in their formative stages. 

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Description:
Pattadakal lies on the left bank of the Malaprabha river. It is a complex of 10 early Chalukyan temples that are formative models of north and south Indian architecture.  
The Kadasiddhesvara is of the rekha-nagara model  The doorway is ornate and guarded by Saiva dvara-pala.  The Jambulinga mukha-patti is a panel of natya Siva.  The Galagantha temple has a magnificent sikhara.  The raised platform is (found) only in this temple. At the top is an amalaka.  The Chandrashekara temple is entirely flat roofed.  The Sangamesvara  is of the dravida viman architectural model that is adapted through the entire south India.   
The Kasi Visvesvara is of the rekha-nagara model.  The exterior niches are delicately scultpted  and perforated to the interior.  Pillars depict Krishna stealing butter, and  Ravan lifting Kailasa. In it carved pigeons flutter above the beam holding elephants, and  yalis leap out from the corners. The Ghata-pallava and amalaka pillar capitals are on display. The Trisul stambha was installed by Vijayaditya and has a transitional Kannada language script.
The royal Mallikarjun temple has a pillared Nandi mandapa in front. Solid square pillars without a base form a central nave The double crossed corbels are of the mushti and taranga types. Semicircular medallions  with a vertical band are carved into  intricate floral and other designs. Sculptured panels are in the middle zone.  Natural lighting falls on queen Amritamati. While this panel writhes with the churning of the ocean.  Pandu with Kunti and Madri in the hermitage of Dhaumya rishi.  On the pilasters coiffured mithunas in round relief gaze adoringly at each other.  An apsara flits from a patra type capital.  The round tritala-viman model sikhara is circular while that of the fully evolved virupaksh temple is square.   
Within its Nandi-mandapa is a colossal Nandi in glittering black granite.  Saiva dvara-palas with huge maces guard the eastern mukh-mandapa. A Kannada inscription states Devaputra carved the Surya ceiling panel.  Pillars with Taranga type capitals divide the spacious main hall.  Ram and lakshman fight ravana from their chariots.  An amorous couple is seated on a couch listening to music  while gandharvas float above them.

Credits
🎬 Shotcut https://www.shotcut.org/
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📚 References:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pattadakal
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:7th_century_Jambulingeswara_temple,_Pattadakal_monuments_Karnataka.jpg
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6d/Virupaksha_temple_at_Pattadakal.jpg
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d3/Pattadakal_inside.jpg (Chandrashekar temple)
Archaeological Survey of India. World Heritage Series. Pattadakal. Government of India. 2008

Chapters:
0:00 Intro
0:45 Early temples
1:00 Developed models
1:23 Kasivisesvara
2:00 Mallikarjuna
3:05 Virupaksh