Poles | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-05-07

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poles


00:02:17 1 Origins
00:04:32 2 Statistics
00:08:10 3 Culture
00:11:01 3.1 Language
00:13:23 3.2 Science and technology
00:19:06 3.3 Music
00:20:20 3.3.1 17th–18th centuries
00:23:30 3.3.2 Traditional music
00:25:03 3.4 Literature
00:25:36 3.4.1 Middle Ages
00:28:15 3.4.2 Renaissance
00:30:54 3.4.3 Baroque
00:32:22 3.4.4 Enlightenment
00:34:16 3.4.5 Romanticism
00:36:25 3.4.6 Positivism
00:37:45 3.4.7 Young Poland (1890–1918)
00:38:45 3.4.8 Restored independence (1918–39)
00:39:39 3.4.9 After 1945
00:41:14 4 Theatre and cinema
00:43:49 5 Religion
00:46:21 6 Exonyms
00:47:02 7 Ethnography
00:47:12 7.1 Central Poles
00:47:53 7.2 Greater Poles
00:49:12 7.3 Kuyavians
00:49:55 7.4 Lesser Poles
00:51:29 7.5 Masovians
00:53:46 7.6 Northern Poles
00:55:11 7.7 Pomeranians
00:57:02 7.8 Silesians
01:00:02 7.9 Eastern Kresy
01:01:08 7.10 National minorities



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SUMMARY
=======
The Poles (Polish: Polacy, pronounced [pɔˈlat͡sɨ]; singular masculine: Polak, singular feminine: Polka), commonly referred to as the Polish people, are a nation and West Slavic ethnic group native to Poland in Central Europe who share a common ancestry, culture, history, and are native speakers of the Polish language. The population of self-declared Poles in Poland is estimated at 37,394,000 out of an overall population of 38,538,000 (based on the 2011 census), of whom 36,522,000 declared Polish alone.A wide-ranging Polish diaspora (the Polonia) exists throughout Europe, the Americas, and in Australasia. Today, the largest urban concentrations of Poles are within the Warsaw and Silesian metropolitan areas.
Poland's history dates back over a thousand years, to c. 930–960 AD, when the Polans – an influential West Slavic tribe in the Greater Poland region, now home to such cities as Poznań, Gniezno, Kalisz, Konin and Września – united various Lechitic tribes under what became the Piast dynasty, thus creating the Polish state. The subsequent Christianization of Poland, in 966 CE, marked Poland's advent to the community of Western Christendom.
Poles have made important contributions to the world in every major field of human endeavor.  Notable Polish émigrés – many of them forced from their homeland by historic vicissitudes – have included physicists Marie Skłodowska Curie and Joseph Rotblat, mathematician Stanisław Ulam, pianists Fryderyk Chopin and Arthur Rubinstein, actresses Helena Modjeska and Pola Negri, novelist Joseph Conrad, military leaders Tadeusz Kościuszko and Casimir Pulaski, U.S. National Security Advisor Zbigniew Brzezinski, politician Rosa Luxemburg, filmmakers Samuel Goldwyn and the Warner Brothers, cartoonist Max Fleischer, and cosmeticians Helena Rubinstein and Max Factor.