Heart (biology) | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-06-07

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heart


00:03:24 1 Structure
00:03:33 1.1 Location and shape
00:05:55 1.2 Chambers
00:07:57 1.2.1 Valves
00:10:29 1.2.2 Right heart
00:12:42 1.2.3 Left heart
00:13:56 1.3 Heart wall
00:17:18 1.4 Pericardium
00:18:15 1.5 Coronary circulation
00:21:55 1.6 Nerve supply
00:24:01 2 Development
00:26:45 3 Physiology
00:26:55 3.1 Blood flow
00:30:04 3.1.1 Cardiac cycle
00:32:22 3.1.2 Cardiac output
00:35:19 3.2 Electrical conduction
00:37:00 3.3 Heart rate
00:40:11 3.3.1 Influences
00:43:29 4 Clinical significance
00:43:39 4.1 Diseases
00:44:47 4.1.1 Ischaemic heart disease
00:46:21 4.1.2 Heart failure
00:47:44 4.1.3 Cardiomyopathies
00:48:56 4.1.4 Valvular heart disease
00:50:15 4.1.5 Cardiac arrhythmias
00:52:21 4.1.6 Pericardial disease
00:53:38 4.1.7 Congenital heart disease
00:55:29 4.2 Diagnosis
00:56:01 4.2.1 Examination
00:57:03 4.2.1.1 Heart sounds
00:59:39 4.2.2 Blood tests
01:01:39 4.2.3 Electrocardiogram
01:03:48 4.2.4 Imaging
01:05:51 4.3 Treatment
01:06:11 4.3.1 Ischaemic heart disease
01:08:11 4.3.1.1 Valvular heart disease
01:09:09 4.3.1.2 Cardiac arrhythmias
01:11:44 4.3.2 Heart failure
01:12:59 5 History
01:13:09 5.1 Ancient
01:15:16 5.2 Pre-modern
01:16:34 5.3 Modern
01:20:16 6 Society and culture
01:20:26 6.1 Symbolism
01:25:54 6.2 Food
01:27:55 7 Other animals
01:28:05 7.1 Other vertebrates
01:29:34 7.2 Double circulatory systems
01:33:01 7.3 The fully divided heart
01:33:56 7.4 Fish
01:36:30 7.5 Invertebrates
01:38:16 8 Additional images
01:38:26 9 See also



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SUMMARY
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The heart is a muscular organ in most animals, which pumps blood through the blood vessels of the circulatory system. Blood provides the body with oxygen and nutrients, as well as assisting in the removal of metabolic wastes. In humans, the heart is located between the lungs, in the middle compartment of the chest.In humans, other mammals, and birds, the heart is divided into four chambers: upper left and right atria and lower left and right ventricles. Commonly the right atrium and ventricle are referred together as the right heart and their left counterparts as the left heart. Fish, in contrast, have two chambers, an atrium and a ventricle, while reptiles have three chambers. In a healthy heart blood flows one way through the heart due to heart valves, which prevent backflow. The heart is enclosed in a protective sac, the pericardium, which also contains a small amount of fluid. The wall of the heart is made up of three layers: epicardium, myocardium, and endocardium.The heart pumps blood with a rhythm determined by a group of pacemaking cells in the sinoatrial node. These generate a current that causes contraction of the heart, traveling through the atrioventricular node and along the conduction system of the heart. The heart receives blood low in oxygen from the systemic circulation, which enters the right atrium from the superior and inferior venae cavae and passes to the right ventricle. From here it is pumped into the pulmonary circulation, through the lungs where it receives oxygen and gives off carbon dioxide. Oxygenated blood then returns to the left atrium, passes through the left ventricle and is pumped out through the aorta to the systemic circulation−where the oxygen is used and metabolized to carbon dioxide. The heart beats at a resting rate close to 72 beats per minute. Exercise temporarily increases the rate, but lowers resting heart rate in the long term, and is good for heart health.Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the most common cause of death globally as of 2008, accounting for 30% of deaths. Of these more than three quarters are a result of coronary artery disease and stroke. Risk factors include: smoking, being overweight, little exercise, high cholesterol, high blood pressure, and poorly contro ...