Presidency of George H. W. Bush | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2018-12-04

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Presidency of George H. W. Bush


00:02:34 1 Presidential election of 1988
00:06:40 2 Inauguration
00:07:47 3 Administration
00:10:48 4 Judicial appointments
00:10:58 4.1 Supreme Court
00:12:18 4.2 Other courts
00:13:08 5 Foreign affairs
00:13:17 5.1 Panama
00:14:57 5.2 End of the Cold War
00:15:06 5.2.1 Fall of the Eastern Bloc
00:17:36 5.2.2 Dissolution of the Soviet Union
00:20:51 5.3 Gulf War
00:21:00 5.3.1 Iraqi invasion of Kuwait
00:23:13 5.3.2 Operation Desert Storm
00:26:58 5.4 China
00:28:09 5.5 NAFTA
00:29:36 6 Domestic affairs
00:29:59 6.1 Savings and loan crisis
00:31:10 6.2 Economy
00:33:07 6.3 1990 budget reconciliation process
00:36:02 6.4 Education
00:37:35 6.5 Civil rights
00:39:13 6.6 Environment
00:40:08 6.7 Points of Light
00:41:50 6.8 Other initiatives
00:43:47 6.9 Pardons
00:44:47 7 1992 presidential campaign
00:48:53 8 Evaluation and legacy



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SUMMARY
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The presidency of George H. W. Bush began at noon EST on January 20, 1989, when George H. W. Bush was inaugurated as the 41st President of the United States, and ended on January 20, 1993. Bush, a Republican, took office after a landslide victory over Democrat Michael Dukakis in the 1988 presidential election. Following his defeat, he was succeeded by Democrat Bill Clinton, who won the 1992 presidential election.
International affairs drove the Bush presidency. Bush helped the country navigate the end of the Cold War and a new era of U.S.–Soviet relations. After the Fall of the Berlin Wall, Bush successfully pushed for the reunification of Germany. He also led an international coalition of countries which forced Iraq to withdraw from Kuwait in the Gulf War, and undertook a U.S. military invasion of Panama. Though it was not ratified until after his presidency, Bush signed the North American Free Trade Agreement, which created a trilateral trade bloc consisting of the United States, Canada, and Mexico.
From the beginning of his term, Bush faced the problem of what to do about the federal budget debt. At $2.8 trillion in 1990, the deficit had grown to three times larger than it was in 1980. Bush was dedicated to curbing the deficit, believing that America could not continue to be a leader in the world without doing so. He began an effort to persuade the Democratic controlled Congress to act on the budget; with Republicans believing that the best way was to cut government spending, and Democrats convinced that the only way was to raise taxes, consensus building was difficult.
Ultimately, Bush had no choice but to compromise with Congress, and to renege on his 1988 "no new taxes" campaign promise. He also had to address the continuing Savings and Loans industry crisis, which proved equally contentious.
Although his presidency was initially regarded fairly poorly, now, two decades later, there is a consensus across much of the political spectrum that Bush was a president of some consequence, a man of conscience and reason, and a steady hand at a time of geopolitical instability. A 2014 survey of 162 members of the American Political Science Association’s Presidents and Executive Politics section ranked Bush 17th among the 43 individuals who had at that time been president, immediately beneath James Monroe and above Barack Obama. Respondents also identified him (along with Dwight D. Eisenhower and Harry S. Truman) as the most underrated president.