Saturn | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 25/12/2018

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn


00:01:50 1 Physical characteristics
00:03:23 1.1 Internal structure
00:05:39 1.2 Atmosphere
00:06:55 1.2.1 Cloud layers
00:09:47 1.2.2 North pole hexagonal cloud pattern
00:10:47 1.2.3 South pole vortex
00:11:36 1.2.4 Other features
00:11:55 1.3 Magnetosphere
00:13:07 2 Orbit and rotation
00:16:27 3 Natural satellites
00:18:34 3.1 Planetary rings
00:20:20 4 History of observation and exploration
00:21:07 4.1 Ancient observations
00:22:54 4.2 European observations (17th–19th centuries)
00:24:20 4.3 Modern NASA and ESA probes
00:24:30 4.3.1 iPioneer 11/i flyby
00:25:12 4.3.2 Voyager flybys
00:26:29 4.3.3 iCassini–Huygens/i spacecraft
00:29:09 4.3.4 Possible future missions
00:29:41 5 Observation



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SUMMARY
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Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun and the second-largest in the Solar System, after Jupiter. It is a gas giant with an average radius about nine times that of Earth. It has only one-eighth the average density of Earth, but with its larger volume Saturn is over 95 times more massive. Saturn is named after the Roman god of agriculture; its astronomical symbol (♄) represents the god's sickle.
Saturn's interior is probably composed of a core of iron–nickel and rock (silicon and oxygen compounds). This core is surrounded by a deep layer of metallic hydrogen, an intermediate layer of liquid hydrogen and liquid helium, and finally a gaseous outer layer. Saturn has a pale yellow hue due to ammonia crystals in its upper atmosphere. Electrical current within the metallic hydrogen layer is thought to give rise to Saturn's planetary magnetic field, which is weaker than Earth's, but has a magnetic moment 580 times that of Earth due to Saturn's larger size. Saturn's magnetic field strength is around one-twentieth of Jupiter's. The outer atmosphere is generally bland and lacking in contrast, although long-lived features can appear. Wind speeds on Saturn can reach 1,800 km/h (1,100 mph; 500 m/s), higher than on Jupiter, but not as high as those on Neptune.The planet's most famous feature is its prominent ring system that is composed mostly of ice particles, with a smaller amount of rocky debris and dust. At least 62 moons are known to orbit Saturn, of which 53 are officially named. This does not include the hundreds of moonlets in the rings. Titan, Saturn's largest moon, and the second-largest in the Solar System, is larger than the planet Mercury, although less massive, and is the only moon in the Solar System to have a substantial atmosphere.