Brahman | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-01-08

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brahman


00:01:34 1 Etymology and related terms
00:06:23 2 History and literature
00:06:33 2.1 Vedic
00:10:42 2.2 Upanishads
00:16:04 3 Discussion
00:16:30 3.1 Brahman as a metaphysical concept
00:20:52 3.2 Brahman as an ontological concept
00:23:26 3.3 Brahman as an axiological concept
00:26:53 3.4 Brahman as a teleological concept
00:30:13 3.5 Brahman as a soteriological concept: Moksha
00:32:14 4 Schools of thought
00:32:23 4.1 Vedanta
00:32:48 4.1.1 Advaita Vedanta
00:35:31 4.1.2 Dvaita Vedanta
00:36:41 4.1.3 Achintya Bheda Abheda
00:37:58 4.2 Vaishnavism
00:38:52 4.3 Bhakti movement
00:41:48 5 Buddhist understanding of Brahman
00:44:00 5.1 Brahma as a surrogate for Brahman in Buddhist texts
00:46:24 6 Brahman in Sikhism
00:48:23 7 Brahman in Jainism
00:50:13 8 Comparison of Brahma, Brahman, Brahmin and Brahmanas
00:53:52 9 See also



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- Socrates


SUMMARY
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In Hindu philosophy, Brahman (ब्रह्म) is the material, efficient, formal and final cause of all that exists and the highest Universal Principle, the Ultimate Reality in the universe. These schools of thought also consider Brahman to be the pervasive, genderless, infinite, eternal truth and bliss which does not change, yet is the cause of all changes. Brahman as a metaphysical concept is the single binding unity behind diversity in all that exists in the universe.In the Upanishads, it has been variously described as Sat-cit-ānanda (truth-consciousness-bliss) and as the unchanging, permanent, highest reality.Brahman is discussed in Hindu texts with the concept of Atman (Soul, Self), personal, impersonal or Para Brahman, or in various combinations of these qualities depending on the philosophical school. In dualistic schools of Hinduism such as the theistic Dvaita Vedanta, Brahman is different from Atman (soul) in each being. In non-dual schools such as the Advaita Vedanta, Brahman is identical to the Atman, is everywhere and inside each living being, and there is connected spiritual oneness in all existence.