New Zealand Emissions Trading Scheme | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 29/03/2019

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Zealand_Emissions_Trading_Scheme


00:05:00 1 Economics
00:05:09 1.1 Pricing the externality
00:06:16 1.2 Efficiency and equity
00:07:20 1.3 Carbon leakage
00:08:39 1.4 Competitiveness risks
00:09:54 1.5 Issuing the permits: 'grandfathering' versus auctions
00:13:29 1.6 Lobbying for free allocation
00:14:22 1.7 New Zealand allocation
00:14:59 1.8 Economic modelling
00:18:21 2 First version of the emissions trading scheme, 2008
00:18:35 2.1 Background
00:19:04 2.2 Labour's emissions trading scheme
00:22:10 3 The amendments of 2009
00:22:22 3.1 History
00:24:06 3.2 Submissions to the Finance and Expenditure Committee
00:24:35 3.3 Absence of a cap on emissions
00:27:37 3.4 Allocation of NZ Units to trade-exposed activities
00:29:08 3.5 Fiscal impact of allocation
00:31:19 3.6 Decrease in allocation of units
00:32:24 3.7 Transitional assistance
00:33:58 3.8 Delayed entry for agricultural emissions
00:35:23 4 The Climate Change Response (Moderated Emissions Trading) Amendment Act 2009
00:35:39 4.1 Adoption
00:36:30 4.2 Technical Details
00:39:40 4.3 Sector entry dates obligations and allocations
00:40:04 4.4 Units able to be traded
00:42:42 5 Reaction to the Climate Change Response (Moderated Emissions Trading) Act 2009
00:42:58 5.1 Business and farming
00:44:58 5.2 Editorial opinion
00:45:54 5.3 International media
00:47:22 5.4 Commentators
00:49:36 5.5 Political parties
00:52:01 5.6 Environmental organisations
00:53:55 5.7 Parliamentary Commissioner for the Environment
00:55:53 6 2012 review of the New Zealand ETS and amendments
00:59:33 7 2015 review of the NZETS
01:00:03 8 Market performance and trading
01:00:14 8.1 Unit register
01:01:03 8.2 Market size
01:04:52 8.3 Export of units overseas
01:06:08 8.4 Import of international units
01:07:46 8.5 Price movements
01:10:11 9 Impacts on prices
01:10:22 9.1 Petrol
01:11:24 9.2 Electricity
01:13:07 10 See also



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SUMMARY
=======
The New Zealand Emissions Trading Scheme (NZ ETS) is a partial-coverage all-free allocation uncapped highly internationally linked emissions trading scheme. The NZ ETS was first legislated in the Climate Change Response (Emissions Trading) Amendment Act 2008 in September 2008 under the Fifth Labour Government of New Zealand and then amended in November 2009 and in November 2012 by the Fifth National Government of New Zealand.
The NZ ETS covers forestry (a net sink), energy (42% of total 2012 emissions), industry (7% of total 2012 emissions) and waste (5% of total 2012 emissions) but not pastoral agriculture (46% of 2012 total emissions). Participants in the NZ ETS must surrender one emission unit (either an international 'Kyoto' unit or a New Zealand-issued unit) for every two tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent emissions reported or they may choose to buy NZ units from the government at a fixed price of NZ$25. The one-for-two transitional measure will be phased out evenly across relevant sectors over three years from 1 January 2017. The old 50 percent surrender obligation increased to 67 percent from 1 January 2017, and will increase to 83 percent from 1 January 2018, and a full surrender obligation from 1 January 2019 for all sectors in the NZ ETS. This phased approach was intended to allow businesses time to plan and adjust, and therefore to support a more stable market.Individual sectors of the economy have different entry dates when their obligations to report emissions and surrender emission units took effect. Forestry, which contributed net removals of 17.5 Mts of CO2e in 2010 (19% of NZ's 2008 emissions,) entered the NZ ETS on 1 January 2008. The stationary energy, industrial processes and liquid fossil fuel sectors entered the NZ ETS on 1 July 2010. The waste sector (landfill operators) entered on 1 January 2013.  From November ...