Proline | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 04/10/2019

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proline


00:00:49 1 History and etymology
00:01:15 2 Biosynthesis
00:01:59 3 Biological activity
00:02:31 4 Properties in protein structure
00:04:44 5 Cis-trans isomerization
00:06:27 6 Uses
00:07:14 7 Specialties
00:08:11 8 History
00:08:36 9 Synthesis
00:08:50 10 See also



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SUMMARY
=======
Proline (symbol Pro or P) is a proteinogenic amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins. It contains an α-amino group (which is in the protonated NH2+ form under biological conditions), an α-carboxylic acid group (which is in the deprotonated −COO− form under biological conditions), and a side chain pyrrolidine, classifying it as a nonpolar (at physiological pH), aliphatic amino acid. It is non-essential in humans, meaning the body can synthesize it from the non-essential amino acid L-glutamate. It is encoded by all the codons starting CC (CCU, CCC, CCA, and CCG).
Proline is the only proteinogenic amino acid with a secondary amine, in that the alpha-amino group is attached directly to the main  chain, making the α carbon a direct substituent of the side chain.