Escherichia coli | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2018-12-08

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Escherichia coli


00:01:52 1 Biology and biochemistry
00:02:02 1.1 Type and morphology
00:03:12 1.2 Metabolism
00:03:48 1.3 Culture growth
00:05:05 1.4 Cell cycle
00:05:58 1.5 Genetic adaptation
00:06:37 2 Diversity
00:08:25 2.1 Serotypes
00:09:07 2.2 Genome plasticity and evolution
00:11:12 2.3 Neotype strain
00:12:27 2.4 Phylogeny of iE. coli/i strains
00:13:58 3 Genomics
00:15:49 4 Gene nomenclature
00:16:33 5 Proteomics
00:17:05 5.1 Proteome
00:17:32 5.2 Interactome
00:17:41 6 Normal microbiota
00:19:00 6.1 Therapeutic use
00:20:11 7 Role in disease
00:21:00 7.1 Incubation period
00:21:28 7.2 Treatment
00:25:12 7.3 Prevention
00:25:49 8 Model organism in life science research
00:27:03 8.1 Model organism
00:28:52 9 History
00:31:28 10 See also
00:33:15 11 References



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SUMMARY
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Escherichia coli (), also known as E. coli (), is a Gram-negative, facultative anaerobic, rod-shaped, coliform bacterium of the genus Escherichia that is commonly found in the lower intestine of warm-blooded organisms (endotherms). Most E. coli strains are harmless, but some serotypes can cause serious food poisoning in their hosts, and are occasionally responsible for product recalls due to food contamination. The harmless strains are part of the normal microbiota of the gut, and can benefit their hosts by producing vitamin K2, and preventing colonization of the intestine with pathogenic bacteria, having a symbiotic relationship. E. coli is expelled into the environment within fecal matter.  The bacterium grows massively in fresh fecal matter under aerobic conditions for 3 days, but its numbers decline slowly afterwards.E. coli and other facultative anaerobes constitute about 0.9% of gut microbiota, and fecal–oral transmission is the major route through which pathogenic strains of the bacterium cause disease. Cells are able to survive outside the body for a limited amount of time, which makes them potential indicator organisms to test environmental samples for fecal contamination. A growing body of research, though, has examined environmentally persistent E. coli which can survive for extended periods outside a host.The bacterium can be grown and cultured easily and inexpensively in a laboratory setting, and has been intensively investigated for over 60 years. E. coli is a chemoheterotroph whose chemically defined medium must include a source of carbon and energy. E. coli is the most widely studied prokaryotic model organism, and an important species in the fields of biotechnology and microbiology, where it has served as the host organism for the majority of work with recombinant DNA. Under favorable conditions, it takes up to 20 minutes to reproduce.