Packet switching | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-01-08

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Packet_switching


00:01:16 1 Concept
00:03:12 2 History
00:06:29 3 Connectionless and connection-oriented modes
00:09:07 4 Packet switching in networks
00:11:10 5 X.25 vs. Frame Relay
00:14:30 6 Packet-switched networks
00:14:58 6.1 Early networks
00:16:14 6.1.1 AppleTalk
00:17:14 6.1.2 ARPANET
00:17:32 6.1.3 BNRNET
00:17:58 6.1.4 CYCLADES
00:18:36 6.1.5 DECnet
00:19:26 6.1.6 DDX-1
00:19:44 6.1.7 EIN née COST II
00:20:01 6.1.8 EPSS
00:20:36 6.1.9 GEIS
00:22:03 6.1.10 IPSANET
00:22:24 6.1.11 IPX/SPX
00:22:52 6.1.12 Merit Network
00:24:23 6.1.13 NPL
00:25:17 6.1.14 OCTOPUS
00:25:37 6.1.15 Philips Research
00:25:56 6.1.16 PUP
00:26:27 6.1.17 RCP
00:27:10 6.1.18 RETD
00:27:31 6.1.19 SCANNET
00:28:01 6.1.20 SITA HLN
00:28:27 6.1.21 IBM Systems Network Architecture
00:28:54 6.1.22 Telenet
00:29:44 6.1.23 Tymnet
00:30:51 6.1.24 XNS
00:31:15 6.2 X.25 era
00:32:19 6.2.1 AUSTPAC
00:33:08 6.2.2 ConnNet
00:33:24 6.2.3 Datanet 1
00:34:12 6.2.4 Datapac
00:34:32 6.2.5 Datex-P
00:34:48 6.2.6 Eirpac
00:35:08 6.2.7 HIPA-NET
00:35:45 6.2.8 Iberpac
00:36:02 6.2.9 JANET
00:36:39 6.2.10 PSS
00:37:14 6.2.11 Transpac
00:37:45 6.2.12 VENUS-P
00:38:09 6.2.13 Venepaq
00:38:47 6.3 Internet era
00:39:21 6.3.1 CSNET
00:40:01 6.3.2 Internet2
00:40:52 6.3.3 NSFNET
00:41:47 6.3.4 NSFNET regional networks
00:44:27 6.3.5 National LambdaRail
00:45:08 6.3.6 TransPAC, TransPAC2, and TransPAC3
00:45:38 6.3.7 Very high-speed Backbone Network Service (vBNS)
00:47:22 7 See also



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SUMMARY
=======
Packet switching is a method of grouping data that is transmitted over a digital network into packets. Packets are made of a header and a payload. Data in the header are used by networking hardware to direct the packet to its destination where the payload is extracted and used by application software. Packet switching is the primary basis for data communications in computer networks worldwide.
In the early 1960s, American computer scientist Paul Baran developed the concept Distributed Adaptive Message Block Switching with the goal to provide a fault-tolerant, efficient routing method for telecommunication messages as part of a research program at the RAND Corporation, funded by the US Department of Defense. This concept contrasted and contradicted then-established principles of pre-allocation of network bandwidth, largely fortified by the development of telecommunications in the Bell System. The new concept found little resonance among network implementers until the independent work of British computer scientist Donald Davies at the National Physical Laboratory (United Kingdom) in 1965. Davies is credited with coining the modern term packet switching and inspiring numerous packet switching networks in the decade following, including the incorporation of the concept in the early ARPANET in the United States.