Handicap principle | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: Subhajit Sahu
Date: 2018-12-28

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Handicap_principle


00:01:30 1 Handicap models
00:04:38 2 Generality and empirical examples
00:06:43 3 Immunocompetence handicaps
00:07:45 4 Examples
00:07:54 4.1 Directed at members of the same species
00:11:01 4.2 Directed at other species
00:12:38 5 See also



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- Socrates


SUMMARY
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The handicap principle is a hypothesis originally proposed in 1975 by Israeli biologist Amotz Zahavi to explain how evolution may lead to "honest" or reliable signaling between animals which have an obvious motivation to bluff or deceive each other. The handicap principle suggests that reliable signals must be costly to the signaler, costing the signaler something that could not be afforded by an individual with less of a particular trait. For example, in the case of sexual selection, the theory suggests that animals of greater biological fitness signal this status through handicapping behaviour or morphology that effectively lowers this quality. The central idea is that sexually selected traits function like conspicuous consumption, signalling the ability to afford to squander a resource. Receivers know that the signal indicates quality because inferior quality signallers cannot afford to produce such wastefully extravagant signals.
The generality of the phenomenon is the matter of some debate and disagreement, and Zahavi's views on the scope and importance of handicaps in biology has not been accepted by the mainstream.  Nevertheless, the idea has been very influential, with most researchers in the field believing that the theory explains some aspects of animal communication.