Solar flare | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 17/03/2019

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_flare


00:01:54 1 Description
00:04:16 2 Cause
00:06:04 3 Classification
00:07:01 3.1 H-alpha classification
00:07:56 4 Hazards
00:10:11 5 Observations
00:10:41 5.1 History
00:10:50 5.1.1 Optical observations
00:11:42 5.1.2 Radio observations
00:12:47 5.1.3 Space telescopes
00:13:57 5.2 Optical telescopes
00:14:49 5.3 Radio telescopes
00:19:09 5.4 Space telescopes
00:25:12 5.5 Examples of large solar flares
00:29:25 6 Flare spray
00:29:50 7 Prediction



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SUMMARY
=======
A solar flare is a sudden flash of increased brightness on the Sun, usually observed near its surface
and in close proximity to a sunspot group. 
Powerful flares are often, but not always, accompanied by a coronal mass ejection. Even the most powerful flares are barely detectable in the total solar irradiance (the "solar constant").Solar flares occur in a power-law spectrum of magnitudes; an energy release of typically 1020 joules of energy suffices to produce a clearly observable event, while a major event can emit up to 1025 joules.Flares are closely associated with the ejection of plasmas and particles through the Sun's corona into outer space; flares also copiously emit radio waves.
If the ejection is in the direction of the Earth, particles associated with this disturbance can penetrate into the upper atmosphere (the ionosphere) and cause bright auroras, and may even disrupt long range radio communication. 
It usually takes days for the solar plasma ejecta to reach Earth. Flares also occur on other stars, where the term stellar flare applies.
High-energy particles, which may be relativistic, can arrive almost simultaneously with the electromagnetic radiations.
On July 23, 2012, a massive, potentially damaging, solar storm (solar flare, coronal mass ejection and electromagnetic radiation) barely missed Earth. According to NASA, there may be as much as a 12% chance of a similar event occurring between 2012 and 2022.