Chemical bonding | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 27/12/2018

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_bond


00:02:13 1 Overview of main types of chemical bonds
00:07:20 2 History
00:12:41 3 Bonds in chemical formulas
00:14:02 4 Strong chemical bonds
00:14:43 4.1 Ionic bond
00:17:37 4.2 Covalent bond
00:19:11 4.2.1 Single and multiple bonds
00:20:01 4.3 Coordinate covalent bond (Dipolar bond)
00:21:17 4.4 Metallic bonding
00:21:51 5 Intermolecular bonding
00:23:47 6 Theories of chemical bonding



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SUMMARY
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A chemical bond is a lasting attraction between atoms, ions or molecules that enables the formation of chemical compounds. The bond may result from the electrostatic force of attraction between oppositely charged ions as in ionic bonds or through the sharing of electrons as in covalent bonds. The strength of chemical bonds varies considerably; there are "strong bonds" or "primary bonds" such as covalent, ionic and metallic bonds, and "weak bonds" or "secondary bonds" such as dipole–dipole interactions, the London dispersion force and hydrogen bonding.
Since opposite charges attract via a simple electromagnetic force, the negatively charged electrons that are orbiting the nucleus and the positively charged protons in the nucleus attract each other. An electron positioned between two nuclei will be attracted to both of them, and the nuclei will be attracted toward electrons in this position. This attraction constitutes the chemical bond. Due to the matter wave nature of electrons and their smaller mass, they must occupy a much larger amount of volume compared with the nuclei, and this volume occupied by the electrons keeps the atomic nuclei in a bond relatively far apart, as compared with the size of the nuclei themselves.
In general, strong chemical bonding is associated with the sharing or transfer of electrons between the participating atoms. The atoms in molecules, crystals, metals and diatomic gases—indeed most of the physical environment around us—are held together by chemical bonds, which dictate the structure and the bulk properties of matter.

All bonds can be explained by quantum theory, but, in practice, simplification rules allow chemists to predict the strength, directionality, and polarity of bonds. The octet rule and VSEPR theory are two examples. More sophisticated theories are valence bond theory which includes orbital hybridization and resonance, and molecular orbital theory which includes linear combination of atomic orbitals and ligand field theory. Electrostatics are used to describe bond polarities and the effects they have on chemical substances.