Bolivia | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-01-01

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolivia


00:04:45 1 Etymology
00:06:15 2 History
00:06:24 2.1 Pre-colonial
00:10:57 2.2 Colonial period
00:12:40 2.3 Independence and subsequent wars
00:18:02 2.4 Early 20th century
00:19:40 2.5 Late 20th century
00:23:04 2.6 Democratic transition
00:31:10 3 Geography
00:38:21 3.1 Geology
00:38:58 3.2 Climate
00:41:20 3.3 Issues with Climate Change
00:44:06 3.4 Biodiversity
00:46:36 4 Politics and government
00:51:41 4.1 Capital
00:53:17 4.2 Law and crime
00:53:51 4.3 Foreign relations
00:56:16 4.4 Military
00:57:37 5 Administrative divisions
00:59:04 6 Economy
01:03:55 6.1 Foreign-exchange reserves
01:04:26 7 Transport
01:04:35 7.1 Air traffic
01:06:46 7.2 Railways
01:07:05 7.3 Technology
01:07:36 7.4 Water supply and sanitation
01:10:02 8 Demographics
01:12:36 8.1 Genetics
01:13:10 8.2 Ethnic and racial classifications
01:17:13 8.2.1 Indigenous peoples
01:19:38 8.3 Language
01:21:26 8.4 Religion
01:23:14 8.5 Largest cities and towns
01:24:21 9 Culture
01:26:50 10 Education
01:28:13 11 Health
01:29:34 12 Sports
01:30:04 13 See also



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SUMMARY
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Bolivia ( (listen); Spanish: [boˈliβja]; Guarani: Mborivia Guaraní pronunciation: [ᵐboˈɾiʋja]; Quechua: Puliwya Quechua pronunciation: [pʊlɪwja]; Aymara: Wuliwya IPA: [wʊlɪwja]), officially the Plurinational State of Bolivia (Spanish: Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia), is a landlocked country located in western-central South America. The capital is Sucre while the seat of government and financial center is located in La Paz. The largest city and principal industrial center is Santa Cruz de la Sierra, located on the Llanos Orientales (tropical lowlands) a mostly flat region in the east of Bolivia.
The sovereign state of Bolivia is a constitutionally unitary state, divided into nine departments. Its geography varies from the peaks of the Andes in the West, to the Eastern Lowlands, situated within the Amazon Basin. It is bordered to the north and east by Brazil, to the southeast by Paraguay, to the south by Argentina, to the southwest by Chile, and to the northwest by Peru. One-third of the country is within the Andean mountain range. With 1,098,581 km2 (424,164 sq mi) of area, Bolivia is the fifth largest country in South America and the 27th largest in the world.
The country's population, estimated at 11 million, is multiethnic, including Amerindians, Mestizos, Europeans, Asians and Africans. The racial and social segregation that arose from Spanish colonialism has continued to the modern era. Spanish is the official and predominant language, although 36 indigenous languages also have official status, of which the most commonly spoken are Guarani, Aymara and Quechua languages.
Before Spanish colonization, the Andean region of Bolivia was part of the Inca Empire, while the northern and eastern lowlands were inhabited by independent tribes. Spanish conquistadors arriving from Cuzco and Asunción took control of the region in the 16th century. During the Spanish colonial period Bolivia was administered by the Royal Audiencia of Charcas. Spain built its empire in large part upon the silver that was extracted from Bolivia's mines.
After the first call for independence in 1809, 16 years of war followed before the establishment of the Republic, named for Simón Bolívar. Over the course of the 19th and early 20th century Bolivia lost control of several peripheral territories to neighboring countries including the seizure of its coastline by Chile in 1879. Bolivia remained relatively politically stable until 1971, when Hugo Banzer led a coup d'état which replaced the socialist government of Juan José Torres with a military dictatorship headed by Banzer; Torres was murdered in Buenos Aires, Argentina by a right-wing death squad in 1976. Banzer's regime crac ...