Iraq | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2018-12-31

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iraq


00:05:33 1 Name
00:08:13 2 History
00:08:22 2.1 Pre-historic era
00:10:03 2.2 Ancient Iraq
00:12:03 2.2.1 Bronze Age
00:21:36 2.2.2 Iron Age
00:23:41 2.2.3 Babylonian and Persian periods
00:28:04 2.3 Middle Ages
00:31:38 2.4 Ottoman Iraq
00:35:35 2.5 British administration and independent Kingdom
00:39:23 2.6 Republic and Ba'athist Iraq
00:45:45 2.7 2003–2007
00:50:41 2.8 2008–present
00:57:39 3 Geography
00:59:29 3.1 Climate
01:00:58 4 Government and politics
01:04:18 4.1 Law
01:06:38 4.2 Military
01:09:39 4.3 Foreign relations
01:11:54 4.4 Human rights
01:13:44 4.5 Administrative divisions
01:14:30 5 Economy
01:18:20 5.1 Oil and energy
01:23:33 5.2 Water supply and sanitation
01:24:36 5.3 Infrastructure
01:26:03 6 Demographics
01:26:40 6.1 Ethnic groups
01:29:19 6.2 Languages
01:31:26 6.3 Urban areas
01:31:36 6.4 Religion
01:34:22 6.5 Diaspora and refugees
01:36:40 6.6 Health
01:38:42 6.7 Education
01:51:03 7 Culture
01:51:23 7.1 Music
01:53:27 7.2 Art and architecture
01:55:59 7.3 Media
01:57:43 7.4 Cuisine
01:59:46 7.5 Sport
02:01:20 8 Technology
02:01:30 8.1 Mobile phones
02:02:04 8.2 Satellite
02:02:35 8.3 Undersea cable
02:03:20 9 See also



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SUMMARY
=======
Iraq (,  (listen) or ; Arabic: العراق‎ al-'Irāq; Kurdish: عێراق‎ Eraq), officially known as the Republic of Iraq (Arabic: جُمُهورية العِراق‎ ; Kurdish: کۆماری عێراق‎ Komari Eraq), is a country in Western Asia, bordered by Turkey to the north, Iran to the east, Kuwait to the southeast, Saudi Arabia to the south, Jordan to the southwest and Syria to the west. The capital, and largest city, is Baghdad. Iraq is home to diverse ethnic groups including Arabs, Kurds, Assyrians, Turkmen, Shabakis, Yazidis, Armenians, Mandeans, Circassians and Kawliya. Around 95% of the country's 37 million citizens are Muslims, with Christianity, Yarsan, Yezidism and Mandeanism also present. The official languages of Iraq are Arabic and Kurdish.
Iraq has a coastline measuring 58 km (36 miles) on the northern Persian Gulf and encompasses the Mesopotamian Alluvial Plain, the northwestern end of the Zagros mountain range and the eastern part of the Syrian Desert. Two major rivers, the Tigris and Euphrates, run south through Iraq and into the Shatt al-Arab near the Persian Gulf. These rivers provide Iraq with significant amounts of fertile land.
The region between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, historically known as Mesopotamia, is often referred to as the cradle of civilisation. It was here that mankind first began to read, write, create laws and live in cities under an organised government—notably Uruk, from which "Iraq" is derived. The area has been home to successive civilisations since the 6th millennium BC. Iraq was the centre of the Akkadian, Sumerian, Assyrian and Babylonian empires. It was also part of the Median, Achaemenid, Hellenistic, Parthian, Sassanid, Roman, Rashidun, Umayyad, Abbasid, Ayyubid, Mongol, Safavid, Afsharid and Ottoman empires.The country today known as Iraq was a region of the Ottoman Empire until the partition of the Ottoman Empire in the 20th century. It was made up of three provinces, called vilayets in the Ottoman language: Mosul Vilayet, Baghdad Vilayet, and Basra Vilayet. In April 1920 the British Mandate of Mesopotamia was created under the authority of the League of Nations. A British-backed monarchy joining these vilayets into one Kingdom was established in 1921 under Faisal I of Iraq. The Hashemite Kingdom of Iraq gained independence from the UK in 1932. In 1958, the monarchy was overthrown and the Iraqi Republic created. Iraq was controlled by the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party from 1968 until 2003. After an invasion by the United States and its allies in 2003, Saddam Hussein's ...