Dhyāna in Buddhism | Wikipedia audio article
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Date: 2018-11-25

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Dhyāna in Buddhism

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"The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing."
- Socrates



SUMMARY
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In the oldest texts of  Buddhism, Dhyāna (Sanskrit) or Jhāna (Pali) is a series of cultivated states of mind, commonly translated as meditation, which lead to a "state of perfect equanimity and awareness (upekkhii-sati-piirisuddhl)." Dhyana may have been the core practice of pre-sectarian Buddhism, together with several preceding practices which lead to calm and detachment, and are fully realized with th practice of dhyana.In the later commentarial tradition, which has survived in present-day Theravada, dhyana is equated with "concentration," a state of one-pointed absorption in which there is a diminished awareness of the surroundings. In the contemporary Theravada-based Vipassana-movement, this absorbed state of mind is regarded as unnecessary and even non-beneficial for awakening, which has to be reached by mindfullness of the body and vipassana (insight into impermanence). Since the 1980s, scholars and practitioners have started to question this equation, arguing for a more comprehensive and integrated understanding and approach, based on the oldest descriptions of dhyana in the suttas.
In Chan and Zen, the Chinese and Japanese renderings of dhyana, dhyana is the central practice, which is ultimately based on Sarvastivada meditation practices, and has been transmitted since the beginning of the Common Era.