Fatigue (material) | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-10-05

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatigue_(material)


00:01:57 1 Stages of fatigue
00:02:52 1.1 Crack initiation
00:05:08 1.2 Crack growth
00:06:36 2 Characteristics of fatigue
00:08:58 3 Timeline of fatigue research history
00:12:48 4 Predicting fatigue life
00:14:09 4.1 Stress/Strain-life methods
00:15:23 4.1.1 Miner's rule
00:17:29 4.1.2 Stress-life (S-N) method
00:19:38 4.1.3 Strain-life (ε-N) method
00:21:04 4.2 Crack growth methods
00:23:11 5 Dealing with fatigue
00:23:20 5.1 Design
00:26:04 5.2 Testing
00:26:44 5.3 Repair
00:28:12 5.4 Life improvement
00:30:35 6 Notable fatigue failures
00:30:45 6.1 Versailles train crash
00:32:13 6.2 de Havilland Comet
00:34:31 6.3 Alexander L. Kielland oil platform capsizing
00:36:44 6.4 Others
00:40:02 7 See also



Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.

Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain

Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.

Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:
https://assistant.google.com/services/invoke/uid/0000001a130b3f91
Other Wikipedia audio articles at:
https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=wikipedia+tts
Upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
https://github.com/nodef/wikipedia-tts
Speaking Rate: 0.9541684567694192
Voice name: en-GB-Wavenet-A


"I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think."
- Socrates


SUMMARY
=======
In materials science, fatigue is the weakening of a material caused by cyclic loading that results in progressive and localized structural damage and the growth of cracks. Once a crack has initiated, each loading cycle will grow the crack a small amount, typically producing striations on some parts of the fracture surface. The crack will continue to grow until it reaches a critical size, which occurs when the stress intensity factor of the crack exceeds the fracture toughness of the material, producing rapid propagation and typically complete fracture of the structure.
Fatigue has traditionally been associated with the failure of metal components which led to the term metal fatigue. In the nineteenth century, the sudden failing of metal railway axles was thought to be caused by the metal crystallising because of the brittle appearance of the fracture surface, but this has since been disproved. Most materials seem to experience some sort of fatigue-related failure such as composites, plastics and ceramics.To aid in predicting the fatigue life of a component, fatigue tests are carried out using coupons to measure the rate of crack growth by applying constant amplitude cyclic loading and averaging the measured growth of a crack over thousands of cycles. However, in order to predict the fatigue life of a component, there are a number of special cases that need to be considered where the rate of crack growth obtained from these tests needs adjustment. Such as: the reduced rate of growth that occurs for small loads near the threshold or after the application of an overload; and the increased rate of crack growth associated with short cracks or after the application of an underload.If the loads are above a certain threshold, microscopic cracks will begin to initiate at stress concentrations such as holes, persistent slip bands (PSBs), composite interfaces or grain boundaries in metals. The nominal maximum stress values that cause such damage may be much less than the strength of the material, typically quoted as the ultimate tensile stress limit, or the yield stress limit.