Independent scientist | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 26/03/2019

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independent_scientist


00:00:58 1 History
00:01:33 2 Benefits and drawbacks
00:03:32 3 Modern-day independent scientists
00:05:04 4 Notable independent scientists
00:05:16 5 See also



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"I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think."
- Socrates


SUMMARY
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An independent scientist (modern gender-neutral term historically also known as gentleman scientist) is a financially independent scientist who pursues scientific study without direct affiliation to a public institution such as a university or government-run research and development body. The expression "gentleman scientist" arose in post-Renaissance Europe, but became less common in the 20th century as government and private funding increased.
Most independent scientists have at some point in their career been affiliated with some academic institution, such as Charles Darwin, who was affiliated with the Geological Society of London.