Invertebrate | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-05-06

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invertebrate


00:01:23 1 Etymology
00:02:07 2 Taxonomic significance
00:05:04 3 Number of extant species
00:06:03 4 Characteristics
00:07:18 4.1 Morphology and symmetry
00:09:12 4.1.1 Nervous system
00:10:13 4.1.2 Respiratory system
00:12:38 4.2 Reproduction
00:13:25 4.3 Social interaction
00:14:07 4.4 Phyla
00:19:06 5 Classification of invertebrates
00:20:27 6 History
00:21:49 6.1 Classification
00:23:03 6.1.1 Significance of the group
00:25:25 7 In research
00:27:37 8 See also



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SUMMARY
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Invertebrates are animals that neither possess nor develop a vertebral column (commonly known as a backbone or spine), derived from the notochord. This includes all animals apart from the subphylum Vertebrata. Familiar examples of invertebrates include arthropods (insects, arachnids, crustaceans, and myriapods), mollusks (chitons, snails, bivalves, squids, and octopuses), annelids (earthworms and leeches), and cnidarians (hydras, jellyfishes, sea anemones, and corals).
The majority of animal species are invertebrates; one estimate puts the figure at 97%.  Many invertebrate taxa have a greater number and variety of species than the entire subphylum of Vertebrata.Some of the so-called invertebrates, such as the Tunicata and Cephalochordata are more closely related to the vertebrates than to other invertebrates.  This makes the invertebrates paraphyletic, so the term has little meaning in taxonomy.