Baptism | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-01-09

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baptism


00:03:29 1 Etymology
00:04:34 2 History
00:07:20 3 Mode and manner
00:09:42 3.1 Meaning of the Greek verb ibaptizein/i
00:15:26 3.2 Derived nouns
00:18:10 3.3 Apparel
00:23:36 4 Meaning and effects
00:27:55 4.1 Christian traditions
00:31:10 4.2 Ecumenical statements
00:33:52 4.3 Validity considerations by some churches
00:37:26 4.4 Recognition by other denominations
00:41:44 4.5 Officiator
00:45:58 5 Specific Christian groups practicing baptism
00:46:23 5.1 Anabaptist
00:47:23 5.2 Baptist
00:48:51 5.3 Churches of Christ
00:53:40 5.4 Methodism
00:55:09 5.5 Reformed Protestantism
00:56:37 5.6 Roman Catholicism
01:02:32 5.7 Eastern Orthodoxy
01:04:50 5.8 Jehovah's Witnesses
01:07:42 5.9 Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
01:09:48 6 Non-practitioners
01:09:58 6.1 Quakers
01:11:30 6.2 Salvation Army
01:12:09 6.3 Hyperdispensationalism
01:15:33 6.4 Debaptism
01:16:05 7 Comparative summary
01:16:29 8 Other initiation ceremonies
01:17:06 8.1 Mystery religion initiation rites
01:18:30 8.2 Gnostic Catholicism and Thelema
01:19:00 8.3 Baptism of objects
01:19:19 8.3.1 Boats and ships
01:19:43 8.3.2 Church bells
01:20:21 8.3.3 Dolls
01:20:42 9 Mandaean baptism
01:21:00 10 See also
01:21:09 10.1 Related articles and subjects
01:22:06 10.2 People and ritual objects



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SUMMARY
=======
Baptism (from the Greek noun βάπτισμα baptisma; see below) is a Christian rite of admission and adoption, almost invariably with the use of water, into Christianity. The synoptic gospels recount that John the Baptist baptised Jesus. Baptism is considered a sacrament in most churches, and as an ordinance in others. Baptism is also called christening, although some reserve the word "christening" for the baptism of infants. It has also given its name to the Baptist churches and denominations.

The usual form of baptism among the earliest Christians involved the candidate's immersion, either totally (submerged completely under the water) or partially (standing or kneeling in water while water was poured on him or her). John the Baptist's use of a deep river for his baptising suggests immersion:  "The fact that he chose a permanent and deep river suggests that more than a token quantity of water was needed, and both the preposition 'in' (the Jordan) and the basic meaning of the verb 'baptize' probably indicate immersion. In v. 16, Matthew will speak of Jesus 'coming up out of the water'.  Phillip and the Eunuch also went down and came up out of water (Acts 8:38-39).  Baptism is likened unto a burial in Romans 6:3. "Dip" is translated from baptō (βάπτω).  The traditional depiction in Christian art of John the Baptist pouring water over Jesus' head may therefore be based on later Christian practice." Pictorial and archaeological evidence of Christian baptism from the 3rd century onward indicates that a normal form was to have the candidate stand in water while water was poured over the upper body.  Other common forms of baptism now in use include pouring water three times on the forehead, a method called affusion.
Martyrdom was identified early in Church history as "baptism by blood", enabling the salvation of martyrs who had not been baptized by water. Later, the Catholic Church identified a baptism of desire, by which those preparing for baptism who die before actually receiving the sacrament are considered saved. As evidenced also in the common Christian practice of infant baptism, Christians universally regarded baptism as in some sense necessary for salvation, until Huldrych Zwingli (1484-1531) denied its necessity in the 16th century.Quakers and the Salvation Army practice Baptism with the Holy Spirit instead of baptism with water. Among denominations that practice baptism by water, differences occur in the man ...