White wine | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2018-12-10

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
White wine


00:01:45 1 History
00:01:54 1.1 Antiquity
00:04:05 1.2 Middle Ages
00:07:21 1.3 Modern era
00:11:21 1.4 Contemporary era
00:14:34 2 Geographical distribution
00:14:44 2.1 Production
00:14:52 2.1.1 Climatic zones
00:16:58 2.1.2 Geological zones
00:17:36 2.2 Consumption
00:17:44 3 Grape varieties
00:23:27 4 Components of the grape and the must
00:23:38 4.1 The stalk
00:24:20 4.2 The grape berry
00:27:10 4.3 The wort
00:27:25 4.3.1 The sugars
00:28:35 4.3.2 The organic acids
00:29:31 4.3.3 Vitamins
00:30:55 4.3.4 The mineral elements
00:31:32 5 Winemaking
00:32:01 5.1 The grape harvest
00:33:27 5.2 Treatments before fermentation
00:36:16 5.3 The settling
00:39:04 5.4 The making of the wine
00:43:20 6 Preparation of wine before packaging
00:43:41 6.1 Maturing
00:45:02 6.2 Blending
00:45:59 6.3 Clarification
00:46:48 6.4 Stabilisation
00:50:41 6.5 Use of SOsub2/sub
00:51:47 6.6 Filtration and conditioning
00:53:08 7 Wine tasting
00:53:17 7.1 Colour
00:55:02 7.2 Aromas
00:56:29 7.3 Taste
00:57:12 7.4 Glasses for white wine
00:59:14 8 Types
00:59:23 8.1 Dry white wine
01:01:24 8.2 Sweet and fortified white wine
01:04:15 8.3 Sparkling wine
01:07:15 8.4 Fortified wine
01:08:40 9 Culinary aspects
01:09:23 9.1 Harmony of white wine and food
01:12:32 9.2 White wine as an ingredient of food
01:14:30 9.3 Nutrition facts
01:14:41 10 In art
01:14:49 10.1 Painted or drawn white wine
01:15:35 10.2 In literature
01:17:36 10.3 In song
01:19:20 10.4 Proverbs
01:19:50 11 Health Effects
01:22:01 12 Price
01:22:24 13 See also
01:22:50 14 Notes and references
01:23:00 14.1 Bibliography
01:24:17 14.2 Notes
01:24:25 14.2.1 Main Sources



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SUMMARY
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White wine is a wine that is fermented without skin contact. The colour can be straw-yellow, yellow-green, or yellow-gold. It is produced by the alcoholic fermentation of the non-coloured pulp of grapes, which may have a skin of any colour. White wine has existed for at least 2500 years.
The wide variety of white wines comes from the large number of varieties, methods of winemaking, and ratios of residual sugar. White wine is mainly from "white" grapes, which are green or yellow in colour, such as the Chardonnay, Sauvignon, and Riesling. Some white wine is also made from grapes with coloured skin, provided that the obtained wort is not stained. Pinot noir, for example, is commonly used to produce champagne.
Among the many types of white wine, dry white wine is the most common. More or less aromatic and tangy, it is derived from the complete fermentation of the wort. Sweet wines, on the other hand, are produced by interrupting the fermentation before all the grape sugars are converted into alcohol; this is called Mutage or fortification. The methods of enriching wort with sugar are multiple: on-ripening on the vine, passerillage (straining), or the use of noble rot. Sparkling wines, which are mostly white, are wines where the carbon dioxide from the fermentation is kept dissolved in the wine and becomes gas when the bottle is opened.
White wines are often used as an apéritif before a   meal, with dessert, or as a refreshing drink between meals. White wines are often considered more refreshing, and lighter in both style and taste than the majority of their red wine counterparts. In addition, due to their acidity, aroma, and ability to soften meat and deglaze cooking juices, white wines are often used in cooking.