Portuguese phonology | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2018-12-03

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Portuguese phonology


00:02:25 1 Consonants
00:06:20 1.1 Further notes
00:08:41 1.2 Consonant elision
00:10:10 1.3 Allophones of laminal denti-alveolar stops
00:11:11 1.4 Rhotics
00:12:21 1.4.1 Brazilian rhotics
00:15:20 2 Vowels
00:18:51 2.1 Oral diphthongs
00:19:45 2.2 Oral triphthongs
00:19:54 2.3 Nasal vowels
00:25:37 2.4 Nasal diphthongs
00:28:33 2.5 Vowel alternation
00:31:11 2.5.1 Unstressed vowels
00:34:15 2.5.2 Epenthesis
00:35:32 2.5.3 Further notes on the oral vowels
00:37:17 3 Sandhi
00:37:48 3.1 Consonant sandhi
00:39:50 3.2 Vowel sandhi
00:42:29 4 Stress
00:43:41 5 Prosody
00:44:15 6 See also



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SUMMARY
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The phonology of Portuguese can vary between dialects, in extreme cases leading to some difficulties in intelligibility. This article focuses on the pronunciations that are generally regarded as standard. Since Portuguese is a pluricentric language, and differences between European Portuguese (EP) and Brazilian Portuguese (BP) can be considerable, both varieties are distinguished whenever necessary.
One of the most salient differences between European and Brazilian Portuguese is their prosody. European Portuguese is a stress-timed language, with reduction, devoicing or even deletion of unstressed vowels and a general tolerance of syllable-final consonants. Brazilian Portuguese, on the other hand, is of mixed characteristics, and varies according to speech rate, sex and dialect. At fast speech rates, Brazilian Portuguese is more stress-timed, while in slow speech rates, it can be more syllable-timed. The accents of rural, southern Rio Grande do Sul and the Northeast (especially Bahia) are considered to sound more syllable-timed than the others, while the southeastern dialects such as the mineiro, in central Minas Gerais, the paulistano, of the northern coast and eastern regions of São Paulo, and the fluminense, along Rio de Janeiro, Espírito Santo and eastern Minas Gerais as well the Federal District, are most frequently essentially stress-timed. Also, male speakers of Brazilian Portuguese speak faster than female speakers and speak in a more stress-timed manner, and with a lighter reduction of unstressed vowels, less raising of pre-stress vowels, less devoicing and fewer deletions.
Brazilian Portuguese disallows some closed syllables: coda nasals are deleted with concomitant nasalization of the preceding vowel, even in learned words; coda /l/ becomes [w], except for conservative velarization at the extreme south and rhotacism in remote rural areas in the center of the country; the coda rhotic is usually deleted entirely when word-final, especially in verbs in the infinitive form; and /i/ can be epenthesized after almost all other coda-final consonants. This tends to produce words almost entirely composed of open syllables, e.g., magma [ˈmaɡimɐ]. In European Portuguese, similarly, epenthesis may occur with [ɨ], as in magma [ˈmaɣɨmɐ] and afta [ˈafɨtɐ].For more detailed information on regional accents, see Portuguese dialects, and for historical sound changes see History of Portuguese § Historical sound changes.