Aerogel | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-05-06

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerogel


00:01:51 1 Properties
00:06:00 2 Knudsen effect
00:07:01 3 Structure
00:08:09 4 Waterproofing
00:09:05 5 Porosity of aerogel
00:11:30 6 Materials
00:11:39 6.1 Silica
00:14:48 6.2 Carbon
00:17:07 6.3 Metal oxide
00:18:22 6.4 Other
00:19:36 7 Applications
00:26:57 8 Production
00:31:55 9 Safety
00:32:47 10 See also



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SUMMARY
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Aerogel is a synthetic porous ultralight material derived from a gel, in which the liquid component for the gel has been replaced with a gas. The result is a solid with extremely low density and low thermal conductivity. Nicknames include frozen smoke, solid smoke, solid air, solid cloud, blue smoke owing to its translucent nature and the way light scatters in the material. It feels like fragile expanded polystyrene to the touch. Aerogels can be made from a variety of chemical compounds.Aerogel was first created by Samuel Stephens Kistler in 1931, as a result of a bet with Charles Learned over who could replace the liquid in "jellies" with gas without causing shrinkage.Aerogels are produced by extracting the liquid component of a gel through supercritical drying. This allows the liquid to be slowly dried off without causing the solid matrix in the gel to collapse from capillary action, as would happen with conventional evaporation. The first aerogels were produced from silica gels. Kistler's later work involved aerogels based on alumina, chromia and tin dioxide. Carbon aerogels were first developed in the late 1980s.Aerogel is not a single material with a set chemical formula; instead, the term is used to group all materials with a certain geometric structure.