Bank of England | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2018-12-05

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Bank of England


00:01:55 1 History
00:02:04 1.1 Founding
00:04:41 1.2 18th century
00:06:27 1.3 19th century
00:07:29 1.4 20th century
00:11:48 1.5 21st century
00:12:33 2 Functions
00:12:47 2.1 Monetary stability
00:16:42 2.2 Asset purchase facility
00:17:36 3 Banknote issues
00:20:54 4 Gold vault
00:21:43 5 Governance of the Bank of England
00:21:53 5.1 Governors
00:22:07 5.2 Court of Directors
00:22:50 5.3 Other staff
00:23:13 6 Criticism
00:23:22 6.1 Bullionist Perspective
00:24:24 7 See also



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SUMMARY
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The Bank of England is the central bank of the United Kingdom and the model on which most modern central banks have been based. Established in 1694 to act as the English Government's banker, and still one of the bankers for the Government of the United Kingdom, it is the world's eighth-oldest bank. It was privately owned by stockholders from its foundation in 1694 until it was nationalised in 1946.The Bank became an independent public organization in 1998, wholly owned by the Treasury Solicitor on behalf of the government, but with independence in setting monetary policy.The Bank is one of eight banks authorised to issue banknotes in the United Kingdom, has a monopoly on the issue of banknotes in England and Wales and regulates the issue of banknotes by commercial banks in Scotland and Northern Ireland.The Bank's Monetary Policy Committee has a devolved responsibility for managing monetary policy. The Treasury has reserve powers to give orders to the committee "if they are required in the public interest and by extreme economic circumstances", but such orders must be endorsed by Parliament within 28 days. The Bank's Financial Policy Committee held its first meeting in June 2011 as a macro prudential regulator to oversee regulation of the UK's financial sector.
The Bank's headquarters have been in London's main financial district, the City of London, on Threadneedle Street, since 1734. It is sometimes known as The Old Lady of Threadneedle Street, a name taken from the satirical cartoon by James Gillray in 1797. The road junction outside is known as Bank junction.
As a regulator and central bank, the Bank of England has not offered consumer banking services for many years, but it still does manage some public-facing services such as exchanging superseded bank notes. Until 2016, the bank provided personal banking services as a privilege for employees.