Retail | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: Subhajit Sahu
Date: 2019-01-08

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retail


00:03:21 1 Etymology
00:04:11 2 Definition and explanation
00:06:39 3 History
00:06:57 3.1 Retailing in antiquity
00:13:14 3.2 Retailing in Medieval Europe
00:24:23 3.3 Retailing in the 17th, 18th and 19th centuries
00:37:08 3.4 Retailing in the modern era
00:47:20 4 Retail strategy
00:51:46 5 The retail marketing mix
00:56:25 5.1 Product
00:57:13 5.1.1 Product assortment
01:00:27 5.1.2 Customer service and supporting services
01:05:18 5.1.2.1 Types of customer service
01:08:33 5.2 Place
01:08:54 5.2.1 Location
01:12:41 5.2.1.1 Macro factors
01:13:08 5.2.1.2 Micro factors
01:13:27 5.2.2 Channels
01:14:35 5.3 Pricing strategy and tactics
01:16:51 5.3.1 Pricing tactics
01:24:36 5.4 Personnel and staffing
01:25:51 5.4.1 Selling and sales techniques
01:29:23 5.5 Promotion
01:31:09 5.6 Presentation
01:31:49 5.6.1 Designing retail spaces
01:46:12 6 Shopper profiles
01:51:29 7 Retail format: types of retail outlet
01:53:03 7.1 Retail type by product
01:56:08 7.2 Retail types by marketing strategy
02:14:56 7.3 Other retail types
02:16:58 8 Challenges
02:18:49 9 Global top ten retailers
02:19:06 10 Competition
02:20:02 10.1 Mergers and acquisitions
02:21:07 11 Statistics for national retail sales
02:21:20 11.1 United States
02:22:12 11.2 Central Europe
02:22:59 11.3 World
02:24:34 12 Consolidation
02:25:39 13 Gallery
02:25:49 14 See also



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SUMMARY
=======
Retail is the process of selling consumer goods or services to customers through multiple channels of distribution to earn a profit. Retailers satisfy demand identified through a supply chain. The term "retailer" is typically applied where a service provider fills the small orders of a large number of individuals, who are end-users, rather than large orders of a small number of wholesale, corporate or government clientele. Shopping generally refers to the act of buying products. Sometimes this is done to obtain final goods, including necessities such as food and clothing; sometimes it takes place as a recreational activity. Recreational shopping often involves window shopping and browsing: it does not always result in a purchase.
Retail markets and shops have a very ancient history, dating back to antiquity. Some of the earliest retailers were itinerant peddlers. Over the centuries, retail shops were transformed from little more than "rude booths" to the sophisticated shopping malls of the modern era.
Most modern retailers typically make a variety of strategic level decisions including the type of store, the market to be served, the optimal product assortment, customer service, supporting services and the store's overall market positioning. Once the strategic retail plan is in place, retailers devise the retail mix which includes product, price, place, promotion, personnel and presentation. In the digital age, an increasing number of retailers are seeking to reach broader markets by selling through multiple channels, including both bricks and mortar and online retailing. Digital technologies are also changing the way that consumers pay for goods and services. Retailing support services may also include the provision of credit, delivery services, advisory services, stylist services and a range of other supporting services.
Retail shops occur in a diverse range of types and in many different contexts – from strip shopping centres in residential streets through to large, indoor shopping malls. Shopping streets may restrict traffic to pedestrians only. Sometimes a shopping street has a partial or full roof to create a more comfortable shopping environment – protecting customers from various types of weather conditions such as extreme temperatures, winds or precipitation. Forms of non-shop retailing include online retailing (a type of electronic-commerce us ...