Indium | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2018-12-08

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Indium


00:01:15 1 Properties
00:01:24 1.1 Physical
00:02:57 1.2 Chemical
00:03:40 1.3 Isotopes
00:05:51 2 Compounds
00:07:31 2.1 Indium(III)
00:07:40 2.2 Indium(I)
00:09:05 2.3 Other oxidation states
00:09:35 2.4 Organoindium compounds
00:10:19 3 History
00:10:55 4 Occurrence
00:12:04 5 Production and availability
00:14:25 6 Applications
00:17:10 7 Biological role and precautions
00:20:29 8 See also



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SUMMARY
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Indium is a chemical element with symbol In and atomic number 49. It is a post-transition metal that makes up 0.21 parts per million of the Earth's crust. Very soft and malleable, indium has a melting point higher than sodium and gallium, but lower than lithium and tin. Chemically, indium is similar to gallium and thallium, and it is largely intermediate between the two in terms of its properties. Indium was discovered in 1863 by Ferdinand Reich and Hieronymous Theodor Richter by spectroscopic methods. They named it for the indigo blue line in its spectrum. Indium was isolated the next year.
Indium is a minor component in zinc sulfide ores and is produced as a byproduct of zinc refinement. It is most notably used in the semiconductor industry, in low-melting-point metal alloys such as solders, in soft-metal high-vacuum seals, and in the production of transparent conductive coatings of indium tin oxide (ITO) on glass.
Indium has no biological role, though its compounds are somewhat toxic when injected into the bloodstream. Most occupational exposure is through ingestion, from which indium compounds are not absorbed well, and inhalation, from which they are moderately absorbed.