Chemical shift | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: Subhajit Sahu
Date: 2018-12-28

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_shift


00:01:44 1 Operating frequency
00:05:27 2 Chemical shift referencing
00:08:35 2.1 Referencing Methods
00:13:10 3 The induced magnetic field
00:15:17 4 Diamagnetic shielding
00:15:48 5 Factors causing chemical shifts
00:15:57 6 Magnetic properties of most common nuclei
00:18:26 7 Chemical Shift Manipulation
00:19:59 8 Other chemical shifts
00:21:20 9 See also



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SUMMARY
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In nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, the chemical shift is the resonant frequency of a nucleus relative to a standard in a magnetic field.  Often the position and number of chemical shifts are diagnostic of the structure of a molecule. Chemical shifts are also used to describe signals in other forms of spectroscopy such as photoemission spectroscopy.
Some atomic nuclei possess a magnetic moment (nuclear spin), which gives rise to different energy levels and resonance frequencies in a magnetic field. The total magnetic field experienced by a nucleus includes local magnetic fields induced by currents of electrons in the molecular orbitals (note that electrons have a magnetic moment themselves). The electron distribution of the same type of nucleus (e.g. 1H, 13C, 15N) usually varies according to the local geometry (binding partners, bond lengths, angles between bonds, and so on), and with it the local magnetic field at each nucleus. This is reflected in the spin energy levels (and resonance frequencies). The variations of nuclear magnetic resonance frequencies of the same kind of nucleus, due to variations in the electron distribution, is called the chemical shift. The size of the chemical shift is given with respect to a reference frequency or reference sample (see also chemical shift referencing), usually a molecule with a barely distorted electron distribution.