Science and technology in Hungary | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2018-12-27

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_Hungary


00:02:46 1 Research universities and institutions
00:08:08 2 Venture capital market
00:10:52 3 Nobel Prize laureates
00:11:17 4 Hungarian inventions
00:17:51 5 Science
00:18:00 5.1 Early education history
00:18:59 5.2 Scientists and inventors
00:24:10 6 Technology
00:24:20 6.1 Early milestones in technology and infrastructure (1700–1918)
00:24:52 6.2 Railways
00:27:49 6.2.1 Electrified tramways
00:29:15 6.2.2 Electrified commuter railway lines
00:29:37 6.2.3 Underground
00:30:18 6.3 Automotive industry
00:31:01 6.4 Aeronautical industry
00:32:24 6.5 Electrical industry and electronics
00:39:14 6.6 Telecommunication
00:41:37 6.7 Navigation and shipbuilding
00:44:25 7 See also



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SUMMARY
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Science and technology in Hungary is one of the country's most developed sectors. Hungary spent 1.4% of its gross domestic product (GDP) on civil research and development in 2015, which is the 25th-highest ratio in the world. Hungary ranks 32nd among the most innovative countries in the Bloomberg Innovation Index, standing before Hong Kong, Iceland or Malta. The Global Innovation Index places Hungary 33rd among the countries of the world in 2016. In 2014, Hungary counted 2,651 full-time-equivalent researchers per million inhabitants, steadily increasing from 2,131 in 2010 and compares with 3,984 in the US or 4,380 in Germany. Hungary's high technology industry has benefited from both the country's skilled workforce and the strong presence of foreign high-tech firms and research centres. Hungary also has one of the highest rates of filed patents, the 6th highest ratio of high-tech and medium high-tech output in the total industrual output, the 12th-highest research FDI inflow, placed 14th in research talent in business enterprise and has the 17th-best overall innovation efficiency ratio in the world.The key actor of research and development in Hungary is the National Research, Development and Innovation Office (NRDI Office), which is a national strategic and funding agency for scientific research, development and innovation, the primary source of advice on RDI policy for the Hungarian government, and the primary RDI funding agency. Its role is to develop RDI policy and ensure that Hungary adequately invest in RDI by funding excellent research and supporting innovation to increase competitiveness and to prepare the RDI strategy of the Hungarian Government, to handle the National Research, Development and Innovation Fund, and represents the Hungarian Government and a Hungarian RDI community in international organizations.The Hungarian Academy of Sciences and its research network is the another key player in Hungarian R&D and it is the most important and prestigious learned society of Hungary, with the main responsibilities of the cultivation of science, dissemination of scientific findings, supporting research and development and representing Hungarian science domestically and around the world.