Electric force | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-06-28

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coulomb%27s_law


00:02:08 1 History
00:06:01 2 The law
00:07:58 2.1 Units
00:08:27 2.2 Electric field
00:09:03 2.3 Coulomb's constant
00:09:23 2.4 Limitations
00:10:56 2.5 Quantum field theory origin
00:11:23 3 Scalar form
00:11:32 4 Vector form
00:13:03 4.1 System of discrete charges
00:15:16 4.2 Continuous charge distribution
00:16:25 5 Simple experiment to verify Coulomb's law
00:28:21 6 Atomic forces
00:29:31 7 See also
00:31:25 8 Notes
00:32:29 9 References
00:32:33 10 Related reading
00:34:59 11 External links
00:35:06 Continuous charge distribution
00:37:50 Simple experiment to verify Coulomb's law
00:39:40 Atomic forces
00:40:29 See also



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SUMMARY
=======
Coulomb's law, or Coulomb's inverse-square law, is an experimental law of physics that quantifies the amount of force between two stationary, electrically charged particles.  The electric force between charged bodies at rest is conventionally called electrostatic force or Coulomb force.  The quantity of electrostatic force between stationary charges is always described by Coulomb's law.  The law was first published in 1785 by French physicist Charles-Augustin de Coulomb, and was essential to the development of the theory of electromagnetism, maybe even its starting point, because it was now possible to discuss quantity of electric charge in a meaningful way.In its scalar form, the law is:

  
    
      
        F
        =
        
          k
          
            e
          
        
        
          
            
              
                q
                
                  1
                
              
              
                q
                
                  2
                
              
            
            
              r
              
                2
              
            
          
        
        ,
      
    
    {\displaystyle F=k_{e}{\frac {q_{1}q_{2}}{r^{2}}},}
  where ke is Coulomb's constant (ke ≈ 9×109 N⋅m2⋅C−2), q1 and q2 are the signed magnitudes of the charges, and the scalar r is the distance between the charges. The force of the interaction between the charges is attractive if the charges have opposite signs (i.e., F is negative) and repulsive if like-signed (i.e., F is positive).
Being an inverse-square law, the law is analogous to Isaac Newton's inverse-square law of universal gravitation, but gravitational forces are always attractive, while electrostatic forces can be attractive or repulsive. Coulomb's law can be used to derive Gauss's law, and vice versa. The two laws are equivalent, expressing the same physical law in different ways. The law has been tested extensively, and observations have upheld the law on a scale from 10−16 m to 108 m.