Endangered Species Act | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-10-04

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endangered_Species_Act_of_1973


00:01:19 1 Listing status
00:01:56 2 History
00:02:54 2.1 Act of 1966
00:03:26 2.2 Amendment of 1969
00:06:21 2.3 Endangered Species Act
00:08:28 3 Preventing extinction
00:09:43 3.1 Petition and listing
00:14:48 3.2 Listing process
00:15:11 3.3 Public notice, comments and judicial review
00:18:12 4 Species survival and recovery
00:21:55 4.1 Critical habitat
00:22:44 4.2 Plans, permits, and agreements
00:22:55 4.2.1 Recovery plan
00:28:37 4.2.2 Exemptions
00:29:46 4.2.3 Habitat Conservation Plans
00:31:58 4.2.4 "No Surprises" rule
00:35:40 4.2.5 "Safe Harbor" agreements
00:39:23 4.2.6 Candidate Conservation Agreements
00:40:19 4.2.7 Experimental Populations
00:41:13 5 Delisting
00:42:04 6 Effectiveness
00:42:40 6.1 Positive effects
00:44:21 6.2 Criticism
00:44:31 7 State endangered species lists
00:48:55 7.1 Penalties
00:51:48 7.2 Use of money received through violations of the ESA
00:52:35 8 Changes to ESA by Trump Administration
00:53:58 9 See also
00:54:49 10 Footnotes
00:56:18 11 References



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SUMMARY
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The Endangered Species Act of 1973 (ESA; 16 U.S.C. § 1531 et seq.) serves as the enacting legislation to carry out the provisions outlined in The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES). Designed to protect critically imperiled species from extinction as a "consequence of economic growth and development untempered by adequate concern and conservation", the ESA was signed into law by President Richard Nixon on December 28, 1973.  The law requires federal agencies to consult with the Fish and Wildlife Service &/or the NOAA Fisheries Service to ensure their actions are not likely to jeopardize the continued existence of any listed species or result in the destruction or adverse modification of designated critical habitat of such species.  The U.S. Supreme Court found that "the plain intent of Congress in enacting" the ESA "was to halt and reverse the trend toward species extinction, whatever the cost." The Act is administered by two federal agencies, the United States Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) and the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS).