Earthquake prediction | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-05-15

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earthquake_prediction


00:02:02 1 Evaluating earthquake predictions
00:07:15 2 Prediction methods
00:08:17 2.1 Precursors
00:10:01 2.1.1 Animal behavior
00:11:34 2.1.2 Dilatancy–diffusion
00:14:06 2.1.3 Changes in Vsubp/sub/Vsubs/sub
00:16:13 2.1.4 Radon emissions
00:17:54 2.1.5 Electromagnetic anomalies
00:19:52 2.1.5.1 * VAN seismic electric signals
00:23:16 2.1.5.2 * Corralitos anomaly
00:24:53 2.1.5.3 * Freund physics
00:26:26 2.2 Trends
00:27:11 2.2.1 Elastic rebound
00:28:27 2.2.2 Characteristic earthquakes
00:32:22 2.2.3 Seismic gaps
00:34:00 2.2.4 Seismicity patterns
00:37:28 3 Notable predictions
00:38:11 3.1 1975: Haicheng, China
00:41:21 3.2 1981: Lima, Peru (Brady)
00:45:06 3.3 1985–1993: Parkfield, U.S. (Bakun-Lindh)
00:47:18 3.4 1983–1995: Greece (VAN)
00:53:38 3.5 1989: Loma Prieta, U.S.
00:57:29 3.6 1990: New Madrid, U.S. (Browning)
01:00:25 3.7 2004 &amp; 2005: Southern California, U.S. (Keilis-Borok)
01:02:05 3.8 2009: L'Aquila, Italy (Giuliani)
01:05:03 4 Difficulty or impossibility
01:08:02 5 See also
01:08:11 6 Notes
01:08:20 7 Sources
01:08:29 8 External links



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SUMMARY
=======
Earthquake prediction is a branch of the science of seismology concerned with the specification of the time, location, and magnitude of future earthquakes within stated limits, and particularly "the determination of parameters for the next strong earthquake to occur in a region. Earthquake prediction is sometimes distinguished from earthquake forecasting, which can be defined as the probabilistic assessment of general earthquake hazard, including the frequency and magnitude of damaging earthquakes in a given area over years or decades. Prediction can be further distinguished from earthquake warning systems, which upon detection of an earthquake, provide a real-time warning of seconds to neighboring regions that might be affected.
In the 1970s, scientists were optimistic that a practical method for predicting earthquakes would soon be found, but by the 1990s continuing failure led many to question whether it was even possible.  Demonstrably successful predictions of large earthquakes have not occurred and the few claims of success are controversial. For example, the most famous claim of a successful prediction is that alleged for the 1975 Haicheng earthquake. A later study said that there was no valid short-term prediction. Extensive searches have reported many possible earthquake precursors, but, so far, such precursors have not been reliably identified across significant spatial and temporal scales. While part of the scientific community hold that, taking into account non-seismic precursors and given enough resources to study them extensively, prediction might be possible, most scientists are pessimistic and some maintain that earthquake prediction is inherently impossible.