Sulfonamides, Use, Dose, Side effect,सल्फ़ोनेमाइड दवा, पस सुखाने की दवा, फोड़े-फुंसी,घाव भरने की दवा
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Date: 2022-02-22

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Sulfonamides
Sulfonamides are class of medication called ANTIBIOTICS
They works by stopping the growth of infectious harmful bacteria.
They are Antibacterial Drugs.
Use to treat different types of bacterial infections of the body.

Sulfonamides
Sulfonamides were the first antimicrobial agents (AMAs) effective against pyogenic bacterial infections.
Infections in which pus is produced are known as pyogenic, that is, pus-producing infections. 
A wound, whether surgical or accidental, has a tendency to become infected. Strains of Staphylococcus aureus, which are resistant to many of the available antibiotics, are not uncommon in hospitals.

Sulfonamides
They are derivatives of sulfanilamide (p-aminobenzene sulfonamide). 
Individual members differ in the nature of N1 (Sulfonamido N)  substitution, which governs solubility, potency and pharmacokinetic property. 
A free amino group in the para position (N4) is required for antibacterial activity of this drugs.

#Sulfonamides Classification,
Sulfonamides Classification,
1. Short acting  
(4–8 hr)
Sulfadiazine

2. Intermediate acting  
(8–12 hr):
#Sulfamethoxazole

3. Long acting  (~7 days): 
#Sulfadoxine,
Sulfamethopyrazine

4. Special purpose sulfonamides:
Sulfacetamide sod., 
Mafenide, 
Silver sulfadiazine, 

ANTIBACTERIAL SPECTRUM OF SULFONAMIDE
Sulfonamides are primarily bacteriostatic against many gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. 
#Sulfonamides
Broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent
Salmonella typhi, 
Serratia, 
Klebsiella, 
Enterobacter, 
Yersinia entero-colitica, 
Pneumocystis jiroveci
Staph. Aureus, 
Strep. Pyogenes, 
Shigella, 
Enteropathogenic  E. Coli,            
H. Influenzae, 
Gonococci
Meningococci

SULFONAMIDES MECHANISM
Many bacteria synthesize their own folic acid (FA) of which p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) is a constituent, and is taken up from the medium.
Woods and Fildes (1940) proposed the hypothesis that sulfonamides (SA), being structural analogues of PABA, inhibit bacterial folate synthase,
Thus folic acid will not synthesized. 

SULFONAMIDES MECHANISM
Folic acid is produced and used by bacteria to produce DNA & carry out the reproduction process. 
SULFONAMIDES blocks and inhibits the production of folic acid by bacteria thereby preventing the multiplication of bacteria. 
This results in stopping of the spread of infections by that bacteria.

SULFONAMIDES BASIC USE
Used in the treatment of different type of bacterial infections:
Lung infection
Infection of the airway tubes
Infection of the urinary tract
Ear infection
Infection of intestines
Travelers’ diarrhea
Impetigo (red sores on the face)
Infected cuts and wound 
Urinary tract infections, 
Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) skin infections, 
Travelers' diarrhea, 
Respiratory tract infections
Cholera
Pneumonia in people with HIV/AIDS 
Other causes of immunosuppression

SULFONAMIDES DOSE
1. Sulfadiazine: 0.5–2.0 g TDS; SULFADIAZINE 0.5 g tab.
2. Sulfamethoxazole:  1 g BD for 2 days, then 0.5 g BD
3. Sulfacetamide sodium: 6%–30% topically in the eye
4. Mafenide: 1% topical application
5. Silver sulfadiazine 1% W/W Cream

SULFONAMIDES SIDE-EFFECTS
Nausea
Diarrhea
Skin rashes
Stomach disturbance
Decrease in WBCs
Low blood cell count
Mental depression
Unconsciousness
Loss of appetite

Photosensitivity (sunburn after exposure to sunlight)
Serious skin rashes. 
Serious skin rashes include: 
Steven-Johnson Syndrome, which causes aching joints and muscles, redness, blistering, and skin peeling.

SULFONAMIDES CONTRAINDICATIONS
If you are allergic to any component of SULFONAMIDES 
If you have low blood platelet count
If you have an abnormal level of RBCs
If you have phenylketonuria
If you have liver or kidney disease
If you have pregnancy
If you have Serious hematological disorders

पस सुखाने की दवा,
फोड़े-फुंसी की दवा,
घाव भरने की दवा,
Sulfonamides Classification,
सल्फ़ोनेमाइड दवा,
pyogenic bacterial infections,
pus-producing infections,
SULFONAMIDES MECHANISM OF ACTION,
SULFONAMIDES BASIC USE,
Folic acid,
Ghav sukhane ki tablet,