Intellectual property | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-01-08

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intellectual_property


00:01:51 1 History
00:07:46 2 Intellectual property rights
00:08:42 2.1 Patents
00:09:30 2.2 Copyright
00:10:00 2.3 Industrial design rights
00:10:47 2.4 Plant varieties
00:11:12 2.5 Trademarks
00:11:32 2.6 Trade dress
00:11:55 2.7 Trade secrets
00:12:30 3 Object of intellectual property law
00:15:03 3.1 Financial incentive
00:16:24 3.2 Economic growth
00:17:56 3.3 Morality
00:22:07 4 Infringement, misappropriation, and enforcement
00:22:51 4.1 Patent infringement
00:23:47 4.2 Copyright infringement
00:24:59 4.3 Trademark infringement
00:25:39 4.4 Trade secret misappropriation
00:26:59 5 Criticisms
00:27:09 5.1 The term "intellectual property"
00:31:09 5.1.1 Alternative terms
00:32:20 5.2 Objections to overbroad intellectual property laws
00:37:54 5.3 Expansion in nature and scope of intellectual property laws
00:42:02 5.4 Use in corporate tax avoidance
00:43:50 6 See also



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SUMMARY
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Intellectual property (IP) is a category of property that includes intangible creations of the human intellect. Intellectual property encompasses two types of rights; industrial property rights (trademarks, patents, designations of origin, industrial designs and models) and copyright. It was not until the 19th century that the term "intellectual property" began to be used, and not until the late 20th century that it became commonplace in the majority of the world.The main purpose of intellectual property law is to encourage the creation of a large variety of intellectual goods. To achieve this, the law gives people and businesses property rights to the information and intellectual goods they create – usually for a limited period of time.  This gives economic incentive for their creation, because it allows people to profit from the information and intellectual goods they create. These economic incentives are expected to stimulate innovation and contribute to the technological progress of countries, which depends on the extent of protection granted to innovators.The intangible nature of intellectual property presents difficulties when compared with traditional property like land or goods.  Unlike traditional property, intellectual property is "indivisible" – an unlimited number of people can "consume" an intellectual good without it being depleted.  Additionally, investments in intellectual goods suffer from problems of appropriation – a landowner can surround their land with a robust fence and hire armed guards to protect it, but a producer of information or an intellectual good can usually do very little to stop their first buyer from replicating it and selling it at a lower price. Balancing rights so that they are strong enough to encourage the creation of intellectual goods but not so strong that they prevent the goods' wide use is the primary focus of modern intellectual property law.