Marine bacteriophage | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 02/10/2019

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_bacteriophage


00:01:12 1 Distribution
00:02:59 1.1 Virus-to-Prokaryote Ratio
00:03:48 2 Ecological Importance
00:04:31 2.1 In the water column
00:05:20 2.2 In sediments
00:06:24 2.3 Nutrient cycles



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SUMMARY
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Marine viruses are small infectious agents found in the ocean that require living host machinery for replication. They consist of a core of nucleic acids coated with protein, as they have the traditional virus assemblage. The dominant hosts for viruses in the ocean are marine microorganisms such as cyanobacteria. Viruses that that live as obligate parasitic agents in marine bacteria are known as marine bacteriophages or marine phages. The existence of viruses in the ocean was discovered through electron microscopy and epifluorescence microscopy of ecological water samples, and later through metagenomic sampling of uncultured viral samples. Marine viruses, although microscopic and essentially unnoticed by scientists until recently, are the most abundant and diverse biological entities in the ocean. Viruses have an estimated abundance of 1030 in the ocean, or between 1 and 100,000x106 per millilitre. Quantification of marine viruses was originally performed using transmission electron microscopy but has been replaced by epifluorescence or flow cytometry.