Shudra | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-01-09

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shudra


00:00:58 1 Texts
00:01:07 1.1 Vedas
00:04:30 1.2 Arthashastra
00:05:53 1.3 Manusmriti
00:07:02 1.4 Yajnavalkya smriti and Grhyasutras
00:08:30 1.5 Medieval Upanishads
00:09:11 1.6 Non-Hindu texts
00:10:58 2 Occupation
00:14:30 2.1 Bali, Indonesia
00:15:17 2.2 Historical evidence
00:18:05 3 Commentary
00:19:19 4 See also



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SUMMARY
=======
Shudra is the fourth varna, or one of the four social categories found in the texts of Hinduism. Various sources translate it into English as a caste, or alternatively as a social class. It is the lowest rank of the four varnas.The word Shudra appears only once in the Rig veda but is found in other Hindu texts such as the Manusmriti, Arthashastra and Dharmashastras. Theoretically, Shudras have constituted the hereditary labouring class serving others but in reality they have shared occupations with other varnas, including being traders and warriors. In some cases, they participated in the coronation of kings, or were ministers and kings according to early Indian texts.