Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2018-12-06

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette


00:03:25 1 Early life
00:07:04 2 Departure from France
00:07:14 2.1 Finding a cause
00:10:19 2.2 Departure for America
00:11:55 3 American Revolution
00:13:46 3.1 Brandywine, Valley Forge, and Albany
00:16:10 3.2 Barren Hill, Monmouth, and Rhode Island
00:19:28 3.3 Return to France
00:21:03 3.4 Second voyage to America
00:24:34 3.5 Virginia and Yorktown
00:26:44 4 Hero of two worlds
00:30:27 5 French Revolution
00:30:36 5.1 Assembly of Notables and Estates-General
00:32:53 5.2 National Guard, Versailles, and Day of Daggers
00:36:06 5.3 Decline: Flight to Varennes and Champs de Mars massacre
00:37:58 5.4 Conflict and exile
00:40:28 6 Prisoner
00:47:09 7 Retreat from politics
00:48:54 8 Bourbon restoration
00:52:27 9 Grand tour of the United States
00:57:43 10 Revolution of 1830
01:00:33 11 Final years and death
01:02:47 12 Beliefs
01:05:02 13 Assessment
01:11:08 14 See also



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SUMMARY
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Marie-Joseph Paul Yves Roch Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette (French: [maʁki də la fajɛt]; 6 September 1757 – 20 May 1834), known in the United States simply as Lafayette, was a French aristocrat and military officer who fought in the American Revolutionary War, commanding American troops in several battles, including the Siege of Yorktown. After returning to France, he was a key figure in the French Revolution of 1789 and the July Revolution of 1830.
Lafayette was born into a wealthy land-owning family in Chavaniac in the province of Auvergne in south central France. He followed the family's martial tradition and was commissioned an officer at age 13. He became convinced that the American cause was noble in its revolutionary war, and he traveled to the New World seeking glory in it. He was made a major general at age 19, but he was initially not given American troops to command. He was wounded during the Battle of Brandywine but still managed to organize an orderly retreat, and he served with distinction in the Battle of Rhode Island. In the middle of the war, he sailed for home to lobby for an increase in French support. He returned to America in 1780 and was given senior positions in the Continental Army.  In 1781, troops under his command in Virginia blocked forces led by Cornwallis until other American and French forces could position themselves for the decisive Siege of Yorktown.
Lafayette returned to France and was appointed to the Assembly of Notables in 1787, convened in response to the fiscal crisis. He was elected a member of the Estates-General of 1789, where representatives met from the three traditional orders of French society: the clergy, the nobility, and the commoners. After forming the National Constituent Assembly, he helped to write the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen with Thomas Jefferson's assistance. This document was inspired by the United States Declaration of Independence and invoked natural law to establish basic principles of the democratic nation-state. He also advocated the end of slavery, in keeping with the philosophy of natural liberty. After the storming of the Bastille, he was appointed commander-in-chief of France's National Guard and tried to steer a middle course through the years of revolution. In August 1792, radical factions ordered his arrest, and he fled into the Austrian Netherlands. He was captured by Austrian troops and spent more than five years in prison.
Lafayette returned to France after Napoleon Bonaparte secured his release in 1797, though he refused to participate in Napoleon's government. After the Bourbon Restoration of 1814, he became a liberal member of the Chamber of Deputies, a position that he held for most of the remainder of his life. In 1824, President James Monroe invited him to the United States as the nation's guest, and he visited all 24 states in the union and met a rapturous reception. During France's July Revolution of 1830, he declined an offer to become the Fren ...