Ali Khamenei | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2018-12-03

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Ali Khamenei


00:03:18 1 Early life and education
00:04:22 1.1 Education
00:05:06 2 Personal life
00:06:06 2.1 Health
00:07:02 3 Political life and presidency
00:09:23 3.1 Assassination attempt
00:10:23 3.2 As president
00:12:06 3.3 During Iran–Iraq war
00:12:31 3.4 After the war
00:13:27 4 Supreme Leader
00:13:49 4.1 Election as Supreme Leader
00:14:09 4.1.1 Leadership council proposal
00:16:34 4.1.2 Marjaʿiyyat criteria
00:18:05 4.2 Political philosophy and image
00:20:38 4.2.1 Privatization of state-owned businesses
00:21:24 4.3 Dispute regarding status as Grand Ayatollah
00:22:12 4.4 Appointments
00:22:29 4.5 Fatwas and messages
00:22:38 4.5.1 Fatwa regarding companions of Muhammad
00:23:03 4.5.2 Amman Message
00:23:33 4.5.3 Fatwa against nuclear weapons
00:24:53 4.6 Relationship with the press
00:26:22 4.7 Political power following reform era
00:27:39 4.8 Financial assets
00:30:53 4.9 Protests during leadership
00:31:48 4.10 Challenges following 2009 election protest
00:34:01 4.11 Relations with former President Ahmadinejad
00:37:03 5 Domestic policy
00:39:24 5.1 Science and technology
00:40:03 5.2 Minorities
00:40:52 5.3 Trials of people for insulting Khamenei
00:42:17 5.4 Interpretation of Islamic law
00:44:28 5.4.1 Women's rights
00:46:27 5.5 Presidential, parliamentary, and Assembly of Experts elections
00:49:25 5.6 Human rights
00:50:06 6 Foreign policy
00:51:02 6.1 Opposition to United States foreign policy
00:53:39 6.2 Condemnation of 11 September attacks
00:54:12 6.3 Zionism and Israel
00:57:55 6.3.1 Questioning of the Holocaust
00:58:22 7 Literature and art
01:00:41 8 Public diplomacy
01:00:50 8.1 Islamic awakening
01:01:53 9 Works
01:02:58 10 See also



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SUMMARY
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Sayyid Ali Hosseini Khamenei (Persian: سید علی حسینی خامنه‌ای‎, pronounced [ʔæˈliː hoseiˈniː χɒːmeneˈʔiː] (listen); born 17 July 1939) is a marja and the second and current Supreme Leader of Iran, in office since 1989. He was previously President of Iran from 1981 to 1989. Khamenei is the second-longest serving head of state in the Middle East (after Oman's Sultan Qaboos), as well as the second-longest serving Iranian leader of the last century, after Shah Mohammed Reza Pahlavi.According to his official website, Khamenei was arrested six times before being sent into exile for three years during Mohammad Reza Pahlavi's reign. He was the target of an attempted assassination in June 1981 that paralysed his right arm.Khamenei was one of Iran's leaders during the Iran–Iraq War in the 1980s, and developed close ties with the now powerful Revolutionary Guards which he controls, and whose commanders are elected and dismissed by him. The Revolutionary Guards have been used to suppress opposition to him. Khamenei then went to serve as the third President of Iran from 1981 to 1989, while becoming a close ally of the first Supreme Leader, Ruhollah Khomeini. Eventually, after Khomeini had a disagreement with the then heir apparent Hussein Ali Montazeri, Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani claimed that Khomeini had chosen Khamenei as his successor while the Assembly of Experts deliberated to elect the next Supreme Leader. After Khomeini's death, Khameini was elected by the Assembly of Experts as the new Supreme Leader on 4 June 1989, at the age of 49. He has been head of the servants of Astan Quds Razavi since 14 April 1979.Today, as Supreme Leader, Khamenei is the head of state of Iran and the commander-in-chief of its armed forces. For this reason, he is considered the most powerful political authority in the country. As Supreme Leader, Khamenei can issue decrees and make the final decisions on the main policies of the government in many fields such as economy, the environment, foreign policy, and national planning in Iran. According to Karim Sadjadpour, Khamenei has either direct or indirect control over the executive, legislative and judicial branches of government, as well as the military and  ...