Appeasement | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-10-04

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Appeasement


00:01:42 1 Failure of collective security
00:02:41 1.1 Invasion of Manchuria
00:04:10 1.2 Anglo-German Naval Agreement
00:04:32 1.3 Abyssinia crisis
00:07:12 1.4 Remilitarization of the Rhineland
00:08:52 1.5 Spanish Civil War
00:09:01 2 Conduct of appeasement, 1937–39
00:09:34 2.1 Anschluss
00:14:01 2.2 Munich Agreement
00:22:09 2.3 Outbreak of war
00:23:45 3 Changing attitudes to appeasement
00:24:50 3.1 Remembering the horrors and mistakes of the First World War
00:25:51 3.2 Government views
00:28:49 3.3 Military views
00:31:22 3.4 Opposition parties
00:33:08 3.5 Public opinion
00:35:46 3.6 Role of the media
00:38:46 3.7 At the start of World War II
00:40:27 3.8 After the Second World War: historians
00:46:48 3.9 After the Second World War: politicians



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SUMMARY
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Appeasement in an international context is a diplomatic policy of making political or material concessions to an aggressive power in order to avoid conflict. The term is most often applied to the foreign policy of the British governments of Prime Ministers Ramsay MacDonald, Stanley Baldwin and Neville Chamberlain towards Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy between 1935 and 1939.
At the beginning of the 1930s, such concessions were widely seen as positive due to the trauma of World War I, second thoughts about the treatment of Germany in the Treaty of Versailles, and a perception that Fascism was a useful form of anti-communism. However, by the time of the Munich Pact—concluded on 30 September 1938 among Germany, Britain, France, and Italy—the policy was opposed by most of the British left and Labour Party, by Conservative dissenters such as Winston Churchill and Duff Cooper, and even by Anthony Eden, a former proponent of appeasement. As alarm grew about the rise of fascism in Europe, Chamberlain resorted to news censorship to control public opinion. Nonetheless, Chamberlain confidently announced after Munich that he had secured "peace for our time".The policies have been the subject of intense debate for more than seventy years among academics, politicians, and diplomats. The historians' assessments have ranged from condemnation for allowing Adolf Hitler's Germany to grow too strong, to the judgment that Germany was so strong that it might  well win a war and that postponement of a showdown was in their country's best interests.