Positive feedback | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 26/03/2019

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Positive_feedback


00:02:38 1 Overview
00:03:59 1.1 Basic
00:06:00 1.2 Hysteresis
00:07:26 2 Terminology
00:08:53 3 Examples and applications
00:09:04 3.1 In electronics
00:16:17 3.2 Audio and live music
00:19:41 3.3 Video
00:20:11 3.4 Switches
00:20:49 3.5 In biology
00:20:58 3.5.1 In physiology
00:23:32 3.5.2 In gene regulation
00:24:57 3.5.3 In evolutionary biology
00:27:27 3.5.4 Immune system
00:28:29 3.5.5 Cell death
00:29:41 3.6 In psychology
00:30:47 3.7 In economics
00:30:56 3.7.1 Markets with social influence
00:31:31 3.7.2 Market dynamics
00:32:04 3.7.3 Systemic risk
00:34:24 3.7.4 Human population growth
00:35:38 3.7.5 Prejudice, social institutions and poverty
00:36:00 3.8 In meteorology
00:36:53 3.9 In climatology
00:39:10 3.10 In sociology
00:40:20 3.11 In chemistry
00:40:51 3.12 In Conservation
00:41:16 4 See also



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SUMMARY
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Positive feedback is a process that occurs in a feedback loop in which the effects of a small disturbance on a system include an increase in the magnitude of the perturbation.
That is, A produces more of B which in turn produces more of A. In contrast, a system in which the results of a change act to reduce or counteract it has negative feedback. Both concepts play an important role in science and engineering, including biology, chemistry, and cybernetics.
Mathematically, positive feedback is defined as a positive loop gain around a closed loop of cause and effect.
That is, positive feedback is in phase with the input, in the sense that it adds to make the input larger.
Positive feedback tends to cause system instability. When the loop gain is positive and above 1, there will typically be exponential growth, increasing oscillations, chaotic behavior or other divergences from equilibrium. System parameters will typically accelerate towards extreme values, which may damage or destroy the system, or may end with the system latched into a new stable state. Positive feedback may be controlled by signals in the system being filtered, damped, or limited, or it can be cancelled or reduced by adding negative feedback.
Positive feedback is used in digital electronics to force voltages away from intermediate voltages into '0' and '1' states. On the other hand, thermal runaway is a type of positive feedback that can destroy semiconductor junctions. Positive feedback in chemical reactions can increase the rate of reactions, and in some cases can lead to explosions. Positive feedback in mechanical design causes tipping-point, or 'over-centre', mechanisms to snap into position, for example in switches and locking pliers. Out of control, it can cause bridges to collapse. Positive feedback in economic systems can cause boom-then-bust cycles.   A familiar example of positive feedback is the loud squealing or howling sound produced by audio feedback in public address systems: the microphone picks up sound from its own loudspeakers, amplifies it, and sends it through the speakers again.