Pope | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-03-20

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope


00:03:29 1 History
00:03:38 1.1 Title and etymology
00:04:44 1.2 Position within the Church
00:08:28 1.3 Early Christianity (c. 30–325)
00:13:21 1.4 Nicaea to East-West Schism (325–1054)
00:15:17 1.4.1 Middle Ages
00:20:33 1.5 East–West Schism to Reformation (1054–1517)
00:23:51 1.6 Reformation to present (1517 to today)
00:25:48 2 Saint Peter and the origin of the papal office
00:27:53 3 Election, death and resignation
00:28:04 3.1 Election
00:37:59 3.2 Death
00:39:56 3.3 Resignation
00:40:43 4 Titles
00:40:52 4.1 Regnal name
00:42:08 4.2 Official list of titles
00:44:22 4.3 Vicar of Jesus Christ
00:48:02 4.4 Supreme Pontiff
00:50:42 4.5 Servant of the servants of God
00:51:31 4.6 Patriarch of the West
00:52:50 4.7 Other titles
00:53:42 4.8 Signature
00:55:48 5 Regalia and insignia
01:01:08 5.1 Papal garments
01:02:11 6 Status and authority
01:02:21 6.1 First Vatican Council
01:05:16 6.2 Second Vatican Council
01:09:25 7 Politics of the Holy See
01:09:35 7.1 Residence and jurisdiction
01:12:16 7.2 Political role
01:16:19 7.3 International position
01:19:39 8 Objections to the papacy
01:20:04 8.1 Orthodox, Anglican and Old Catholic churches
01:21:15 8.2 Protestant denominations
01:25:47 9 Antipopes
01:26:50 10 Other uses of the title "Pope"
01:27:40 10.1 In the Catholic Church
01:29:05 10.2 In the Eastern Churches
01:30:20 10.3 In new religious movements and other Christian-related new religious movements
01:31:08 11 Lengths of papal reign
01:31:18 11.1 Longest-reigning popes
01:34:20 11.2 Shortest-reigning popes
01:37:52 12 See also
01:38:02 13 Notes
01:38:11 14 Bibliography
01:38:20 15 Further reading
01:39:48 16 External links



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SUMMARY
=======
The pope (Latin: papa from Greek: πάππας pappas, "father"), also known as the supreme pontiff (from Latin pontifex maximus "greatest priest"), is the Bishop of Rome and ex officio leader of the worldwide Catholic Church. Since 1929, the pope has also been head of state of Vatican City, a city-state enclaved within Rome, Italy. The current pope is Francis, who was elected on 13 March 2013, succeeding Benedict XVI.While his office is called the papacy, the episcopal see and ecclesiastical jurisdiction is called the Holy See. It is the Holy See that is the sovereign entity of international law headquartered in the distinctively independent Vatican City State, established by the Lateran Treaty in 1929 between Italy and the Holy See to ensure its temporal, diplomatic, and spiritual independence. The primacy of the Bishop of Rome is largely derived from his role as the apostolic successor to Saint Peter, to whom primacy was conferred by Jesus, giving him the Keys of Heaven and the powers of "binding and loosing", naming him as the "rock" upon which the church would be built. 
The apostolic see of Rome was founded by Saint Peter and Saint Paul in 1st century, according to Catholic tradition. The papacy is one of the most enduring institutions in the world and has had a prominent part in world history. In ancient times the popes helped spread Christianity, and intervened to find resolutions in various doctrinal disputes. In the Middle Ages, they played a role of secular importance in Western Europe, often acting as arbitrators between Christian monarchs. Currently, in addition to the expansion of the Christian faith and doctrine, the popes are involved in ecumenism and interfaith dialogue, charitable work, and the defense of human rights.In some periods of history, the papacy, which originally had no temporal powers, accrued wide secular powers rivaling those of temporal rulers. However, in recent centuries the temporal authority of the papacy has declined and the office is now almost exclusively focused on religious matters. By contrast, papal claims ...