Scientific diving | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-01-15

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_diving


00:02:46 1 Scope of work
00:03:25 1.1 Contribution of scientific diving to research
00:08:33 1.2 Modes of diving
00:09:23 1.3 Branches of science frequently using diving
00:10:46 1.4 Other fields which may use scientific diving
00:11:09 1.5 Citizen science
00:12:00 2 Management and control of scientific diving operations
00:13:57 3 Standard and emergency diving procedures
00:16:42 4 Working procedures common to scientific diving
00:17:54 4.1 Underwater navigation
00:22:03 4.2 Searches
00:24:50 4.3 Collection, sampling, tagging and recording
00:26:30 4.4 Surveys, measurement and mapping
00:28:03 5 Risk and safety
00:29:13 5.1 Safety record
00:31:49 6 Demographics
00:32:52 7 Regulation of scientific diving
00:33:15 7.1 Exemptions
00:33:41 7.2 Governance and representation organisations
00:36:28 8 Training and registration of scientific divers
00:38:33 9 International variations and cooperation
00:38:45 9.1 Australia
00:40:21 9.2 Germany
00:41:41 9.3 South Africa
00:45:33 9.4 United Kingdom
00:47:47 9.5 United States
00:53:23 9.6 International scientific cooperation
00:54:01 9.6.1 Europe
00:57:27 9.7 Standards, reference manuals and codes of practice
01:01:02 10 Gallery



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SUMMARY
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Scientific diving is the use of underwater diving techniques by scientists to perform work underwater in the direct pursuit of scientific knowledge. The legal definition of scientific diving varies by jurisdiction. Scientific divers are normally qualified scientists first and divers second, who use diving equipment and techniques as their way to get to the location of their fieldwork. The direct observation and manipulation of marine habitats afforded to scuba-equipped scientists have transformed the marine sciences generally, and marine biology and marine chemistry in particular. Underwater archeology and geology are other examples of sciences pursued underwater. Some scientific diving is carried out by universities in support of undergraduate or postgraduate research programs, and government bodies such as the United States Environmental Protection Agency and the UK Environment Agency carry out scientific diving to recover samples of water, marine organisms and sea, lake or riverbed material to examine for signs of pollution.
Equipment used varies widely in this field, and is generally selected based on cost, effectiveness, availability and risk factors. Open-circuit scuba is most often used as it is widely available and cost-effective, and is the entry level training mode in most places.
Scientific diving in the course of employment may be regulated by occupational safety legislation, or may be exempted as self-regulated by a recognised body. The safety record has generally been good. Collection of scientific data by volunteers outside of employment is generally considered to legally be recreational diving.
Training standards vary throughout the world, and are generally higher than for entry level recreational diving, and in some cases identical to commercial diver training. There are a few international agreements that facilitate scientists from different places working together on projects of common interest, by recognising mutually acceptable minimum levels of competence.