Devanagari | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-01-09

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devanagari


00:03:00 1 History
00:05:36 1.1 Southeast Asia
00:07:02 2 Letters
00:07:36 2.1 Vowels
00:10:55 2.2 Consonants
00:13:11 2.2.1 Allophony of 'v' and 'w' in Hindi
00:14:18 2.3 Compounds
00:15:19 2.4 Conjunct consonants
00:16:26 2.5 Accent marks
00:18:09 2.6 Punctuation
00:18:31 2.7 Old forms
00:19:15 2.8 Numerals
00:19:29 2.9 Fonts
00:19:37 3 Transliteration
00:21:05 3.1 Hunterian system
00:21:21 3.2 ISO 15919
00:21:39 3.3 IAST
00:22:11 3.4 Harvard-Kyoto
00:23:01 3.5 ITRANS
00:23:42 3.5.1 Velthuis
00:24:39 3.6 ALA-LC Romanisation
00:25:05 3.7 WX
00:25:33 4 Encodings
00:26:30 4.1 ISCII
00:26:39 4.2 Unicode
00:27:20 5 Devanagari keyboard layouts
00:27:45 5.1 InScript layout
00:27:55 5.2 Typewriter
00:28:26 5.3 Phonetic
00:28:47 6 See also



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SUMMARY
=======
Devanagari ( DAY-və-NAH-gər-ee; देवनागरी,  IAST: Devanāgarī, a compound of "deva" देव and "nāgarī" नागरी; Hindi pronunciation: [deːʋəˈnaːɡəri]), also called Nagari (Nāgarī, नागरी), is an abugida (alphasyllabary) used in India and Nepal. It is written from left to right, has a strong preference for symmetrical rounded shapes within squared outlines, and is recognisable by a horizontal line that runs along the top of full letters. In a cursory look, the Devanagari script appears different from other Indic scripts such as Eastern Nagari, Odia, or Gurmukhi, but a closer examination reveals they are very similar except for angles and structural emphasis.The Nagari script has roots in the ancient Brāhmī script family. Some of the earliest epigraphical evidence attesting to the developing Sanskrit Nagari script in ancient India, in a form similar to Devanagari, is from the 1st to 4th century CE inscriptions discovered in Gujarat. The Nagari script was in regular use by the 7th century CE and it was fully developed by about the end of first millennium. The use of Sanskrit in Nagari script in medieval India is attested by numerous pillar and cave temple inscriptions, including the 11th-century Udayagiri inscriptions in Madhya Pradesh, and an inscribed brick found in Uttar Pradesh, dated to be from 1217 CE, which is now held at the British Museum. The script's proto- and related versions have been discovered in ancient relics outside of India, such as in Sri Lanka, Myanmar and Indonesia; while in East Asia, Siddha Matrika script considered as the closest precursor to Nagari was in use by Buddhists. Nagari has been the primus inter pares of the Indic scripts. It has long been used traditionally by religiously educated people in South Asia to record and transmit information, existing throughout the land in parallel with a wide variety of local scripts (such as Modi, Kaithi, and Mahajani) used for administration, commerce, and other daily uses.
The Devanagari script is used for over 120 languages, making it one of the most used and adopted writing systems in the world. Among the languages using it – as either their only script or one of their scripts – are Hindi, Sanskrit, Pali, Awadhi, Bhojpuri, Braj Bhasha, Chhattisgarhi, Haryanvi, Magahi,  Nagpuri,  Rajasthani, Bhili, Dogri, Marathi, Nepali, Maithili, Kashmiri, Konkani, Sindhi, Bodo, Nepalbhasa, Malayalam Mundari and Santali.  The Devanagari script is closely related to the Nandinagari script commonly found in numerous ancient manuscripts of South India, and it is distantly related to a number of southeast Asian scripts.Devanagari script has 47 primary characters, of which 14 are vowels and 33 are consonants. The ancient Nagari script for Sanskrit had two additional consonantal characters. Unlike the Latin alphabet, the script has no concept of letter case. Generally the orthography of the script reflects the pronunciation of the language.