Anthropological science fiction | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-01-19

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthropological_science_fiction


00:06:08 1 Authors and works
00:06:18 1.1 Chad Oliver
00:13:52 1.2 Ursula K. Le Guin
00:21:50 2 See also



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"I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think."
- Socrates


SUMMARY
=======
The American Anthropological Association defines anthropology as "the study of humans, past and  present. To understand the full sweep and complexity of cultures across all of human  history, anthropology draws upon knowledge from the social and biological sciences as well  as the humanities and physical sciences." However, Samuel Gerald Collins of the Department of Sociology, Anthropology and Criminal Justice, Towson University, writing in the journal  Science Fiction Studies has pointed out that:

In 1978, Margaret Mead, empathizing with the concerns of the 60s'  counterculture, pointed to a grave deficiency in the science of anthropology: "Anthropology has to date made very meager contributions to man's developing concern with the future"  ("Contribution" 3). Two decades later, the American Anthropological Association began awarding an annual prize for "Anticipatory Anthropology" in order to ameliorate this shortcoming, what Robert Textor (who sponsored the award and for whom it is named) called the discipline's "tempocentrism" – i.e., its concern only "with the past, the ethnographic  present, and the actual present."
The anthropologist Leon E. Stover says of science fiction's relationship to  anthropology: "Anthropological science fiction enjoys the philosophical luxury of providing  answers to the question "What is man?" while anthropology the science is still learning how  to frame it". The editors of a collection of  anthropological SF stories observed:

Anthropology is the science of man. It tells the story from ape-man to spaceman,  attempting to describe in detail all the epochs of this continuing history. Writers of  fiction, and in particular science fiction, peer over the anthropologists' shoulders as the  discoveries are made, then utilize the material in fictional works. Where the scientist  must speculate reservedly from known fact and make a small leap into the unknown, the  writer is free to soar high on the wings of fancy.
Charles F. Urbanowicz, Professor of Anthropology, California State University, Chico  has said of anthropology and SF:

Anthropology and science fiction often present data and ideas so bizarre and  unusual that readers, in their first confrontation with both, often fail to appreciate  either science fiction or anthropology. Intelligence does not merely consist of fact, but  in the integration of ideas -- and ideas can come from anywhere, especially good science  fiction!
The difficulty in describing category boundaries for 'anthropological SF' is illustrated by  a reviewer of an anthology of anthropological SF, written for the journal American Anthropologist, which warned against too broad a definition of the subgenre, saying:  "Just because a story has anthropologists as protagonists or makes vague references to  'culture' does not qualify it as anthropological science fiction, although it may be 'pop'  anthropology." The writer concluded the book review with the opinion that only "twelve of  the twenty-six selections can be considered as examples of anthropological science  fiction."This difficulty of categorization explains the exclusions necessary when seeking the  origins of the subgenre. Thus:

Nineteenth-century utopian writings and lost-race sagas notwithstanding,  anthropological science fiction is generally considered a late-twentieth-century  phenomenon, best exemplified by the work of writers such as Ursula K. Le Guin,  Michael Bishop, Joanna Russ, Ian Watson, and Chad Oliver.
Again, questions of description are not simple as Gary Westfahl observes:

... others present hard science fiction as the most  ...