History of organic chemistry | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2018-12-27

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_chemistry


00:02:08 1 History
00:07:18 2 Characterization
00:09:32 3 Properties
00:09:59 3.1 Melting and boiling properties
00:10:55 3.2 Solubility
00:11:51 3.3 Solid state properties
00:12:28 4 Nomenclature
00:14:09 4.1 Structural drawings
00:14:41 4.2 History
00:15:12 5 Classification of organic compounds
00:15:22 5.1 Functional groups
00:16:22 5.2 Aliphatic compounds
00:17:51 5.3 Aromatic compounds
00:18:37 5.4 Heterocyclic compounds
00:20:00 5.5 Polymers
00:21:43 5.6 Biomolecules
00:23:09 5.7 Small molecules
00:23:40 5.8 Fullerenes
00:24:46 5.9 Others
00:25:13 6 Organic reactions
00:26:44 7 Organic synthesis
00:28:21 8 See also



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SUMMARY
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Organic chemistry is the chemistry subdiscipline for the  scientific study of structure, properties, and reactions of organic compounds and organic materials (materials that contain carbon atoms). Study of structure determines their chemical composition and formula. Study of properties includes physical and chemical properties, and evaluation of chemical reactivity to understand their behavior. The study of organic reactions includes the chemical synthesis of natural products, drugs, and polymers, and study of individual organic molecules in the laboratory and via theoretical (in silico) study.
The range of chemicals studied in organic chemistry include hydrocarbons (compounds containing only carbon and hydrogen), as well as compounds based on carbon, but also containing other elements, especially oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus (included in many biochemicals) and the halogens.
In the modern era, the range extends further into the periodic table, with main group elements, including:

Group 1 and 2 organometallic compounds involving alkali (lithium, sodium, and potassium)  or alkaline earth metals (magnesium)
Metalloids (boron and silicon) or other metals (aluminium and tin)In addition, contemporary research focuses on organic chemistry involving other organometallics including the lanthanides, but especially the transition metals zinc, copper, palladium, nickel, cobalt, titanium and chromium.

Organic compounds form the basis of all earthly life and constitute the majority of known chemicals.  The bonding patterns of carbon, with its valence of four—formal single, double, and triple bonds, plus structures with delocalized electrons—make the array of organic compounds structurally diverse, and their range of applications enormous. They form the basis of, or are constituents of, many commercial products including pharmaceuticals; petrochemicals and agrichemicals, and products made from them including lubricants, solvents; plastics; fuels and explosives. The study of organic chemistry overlaps organometallic chemistry and  biochemistry, but also with medicinal chemistry, polymer chemistry, and materials science.