Emancipation Proclamation | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2018-12-03

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Emancipation Proclamation


00:05:00 1 Authority
00:08:02 2 Coverage
00:11:11 3 Background
00:11:20 3.1 Military action prior to emancipation
00:12:10 3.2 Governmental action towards emancipation
00:14:45 3.3 Public opinion of emancipation
00:19:46 4 Drafting and issuance of the proclamation
00:24:46 5 Implementation
00:26:27 5.1 Immediate impact
00:31:21 5.2 Political impact
00:35:29 5.2.1 Confederate response
00:37:47 5.3 International impact
00:39:30 6 Gettysburg Address
00:40:02 7 Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction (1863)
00:40:37 8 Postbellum
00:42:10 9 Critiques
00:44:18 10 Legacy in the civil rights era
00:44:28 10.1 Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.
00:46:29 10.1.1 The "Second Emancipation Proclamation"
00:47:01 10.2 President John F. Kennedy
00:48:17 10.3 President Lyndon B. Johnson
00:50:58 11 In popular culture
00:52:06 12 See also
00:53:14 13 Notes
00:53:23 13.1 Primary sources
00:53:32 14 Further reading
00:53:41 15 External links



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SUMMARY
=======
The Emancipation Proclamation, or Proclamation 95, was a presidential proclamation and executive order issued by United States President Abraham Lincoln on January 1, 1863.  It changed the federal legal status of more than 3.5 million enslaved African Americans in the designated areas of the South from slave to free. As soon as a slave escaped the control of the Confederate government, by running away or through advances of federal troops, the former slave became free. Ultimately, the rebel surrender liberated and resulted in the proclamation's application to all of the designated former slaves.  It did not cover slaves in Union areas that were freed by state action (or three years later by the 13th amendment in December 1865). It was issued as a war measure during the American Civil War, directed to all of the areas in rebellion and all segments of the executive branch (including the Army and Navy) of the United States.The Proclamation ordered the freedom of all slaves in ten states. Because it was issued under the president's authority to suppress rebellion (war powers), it necessarily excluded areas not in rebellion, but still applied to more than 3.5 million of the 4 million slaves. The Proclamation was based on the president's constitutional authority as commander in chief of the armed forces; it was not a law passed by Congress. The Proclamation was issued in January 1863 after U.S government issued a series of warnings in the summer of 1862 under the Second Confiscation Act, allowing Southern Confederate supporters 60 days to surrender, or face confiscation of land and slaves. The Proclamation also ordered that suitable persons among those freed could be enrolled into the paid service of United States' forces, and ordered the Union Army (and all segments of the Executive branch) to "recognize and maintain the freedom of" the ex-slaves. The Proclamation did not compensate the owners, did not outlaw slavery, and did not grant citizenship to the ex-slaves (called freedmen). It made the eradication of slavery an explicit war goal, in addition to the goal of reuniting the Union.Around 25,000 to 75,000 slaves in regions where the US Army was active were immediately emancipated. It could not be enforced in areas still under rebellion, but, as the Union army took control of Confederate regions, the Proclamation provided the legal framework for freeing more than three and a half million slaves in those regions. Prior to the Proclamation, in accordance with the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850, escaped slaves were either returned to their masters or held in camps as contraband for later return. The Proclamation applied only to slaves in Confederate-held lands; it did not apply to those in the four slave states that were not in rebellion (Kentucky, Maryland, Delaware, and Missouri, which were unnamed), nor to Tennessee (unnamed but occupied by Union troops since 1862) and lower Louisiana (also under occupation), and specifically excluded those  ...