Environmental impact of transport | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 15/05/2019

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_transport


00:03:45 1 Sectors
00:04:03 1.1 Aviation
00:06:30 1.2 Road transport
00:06:39 1.2.1 Cars
00:08:21 1.2.2 Buses
00:09:14 1.3 Rail
00:10:16 1.3.1 Railroads' Impacts on the Environment
00:13:21 1.4 Shipping
00:16:48 2 Mitigation of environmental impact
00:16:59 2.1 Road-rail parallel layout
00:19:31 2.2 Involvement
00:20:54 3 Impact of e-commerce
00:27:50 4 See also



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SUMMARY
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The environmental impact of transport is significant because transport is a major user of energy, and burns most of the world's petroleum. This creates air pollution, including nitrous oxides and particulates, and is a significant contributor to global warming through emission of carbon dioxide.
Within the transport sector, road transport is the largest contributor to global warming.Environmental regulations in developed countries have reduced the individual vehicle's emission.
However, this has been offset by an increase in the number of vehicles, and increased use of each vehicle.
Some pathways to reduce the carbon emissions of road vehicles considerably have been studied.
Energy use and emissions vary largely between modes, causing environmentalists to call for a transition from air and road to rail and human-powered transport, and increase transport electrification and energy efficiency.
The transportation sector is a major source of greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs) in the United States.
An estimated 30 percent of national GHGs are directly attributable to transportation—and in some regions, the proportion is even higher.
Transportation methods are the greatest contributing source of GHGs in the U.S., accounting for 47 percent of the net increase in total U.S. emissions since 1990.Other environmental impacts of transport systems include traffic congestion and automobile-oriented urban sprawl, which can consume natural habitat and agricultural lands. By reducing transportation emissions globally, it is predicted that there will be significant positive effects on Earth's air quality, acid rain, smog and climate change.The health impact of transport emissions is also of concern. A recent survey of the studies on the effect of traffic emissions on pregnancy outcomes has linked exposure to emissions to adverse effects on gestational duration and possibly also intrauterine growth.As listed above direct impacts such as noise and carbon monoxide emissions create direct and harmful effects on the environment, along with indirect impacts. The indirect impacts are often of higher consequence which leads to the misconception that it's the opposite since it is frequently understood that initial effects cause the most damage. For example, particulates which are the outcome of incomplete combustion done by an internal combustion engine, are not linked with respiratory and cardiovascular problems since they contribute to other factors not only to that specific condition. Even though the environmental impacts are usually listed individually there are also cumulative impacts. The synergetic consequences of transport activities. They take into account of the varied effects of direct and indirect impacts on an ecosystem. Climate change is the sum total impact of several natural and human-made factors. 15% of global CO2 emissions are attributed to the transport sector.