Newton's Rules for Science | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-06-06

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophi%C3%A6_Naturalis_Principia_Mathematica


00:02:27 1 Contents
00:02:36 1.1 Expressed aim and topics covered
00:05:34 1.2 Book 1, iDe motu corporum/i
00:08:28 1.3 Book 2
00:10:49 1.4 Book 3, iDe mundi systemate/i
00:13:36 1.5 Commentary on the iPrincipia/i
00:17:07 1.6 Rules of Reasoning in Philosophy
00:21:40 1.7 General Scholium
00:24:07 2 Writing and publication
00:24:17 2.1 Halley and Newton's initial stimulus
00:29:14 2.2 Preliminary version
00:33:25 2.3 Halley's role as publisher
00:34:35 3 Historical context
00:34:45 3.1 Beginnings of the Scientific Revolution
00:37:42 3.2 Newton's role
00:38:59 3.3 Newton's early work on motion
00:40:39 3.4 Controversy with Hooke
00:48:13 4 Location of early-edition copies
00:51:04 5 Later editions
00:51:18 5.1 Second edition, 1713
00:54:18 5.2 Third edition, 1726
00:54:50 5.3 Annotated and other editions
00:56:19 5.4 English translations
00:58:28 5.5 Homages
00:58:58 6 See also



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SUMMARY
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Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica (Latin for Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy), often referred to as simply the Principia (), is a work in three books by Isaac Newton, in Latin, first published 5 July 1687. After annotating and correcting his personal copy of the first edition, Newton published two further editions, in 1713 and 1726. The Principia states Newton's laws of motion, forming the foundation of classical mechanics; Newton's law of universal gravitation; and a derivation of Kepler's laws of planetary motion (which Kepler first obtained empirically).
The Principia is considered one of the most important works in the history of science.
The French mathematical physicist Alexis Clairaut assessed it in 1747: "The famous book of Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy marked the epoch of a great revolution in physics. The method followed by its illustrious author Sir Newton ... spread the light of mathematics on a science which up to then had remained in the darkness of conjectures and hypotheses."A more recent assessment has been that while acceptance of Newton's theories was not immediate, by the end of a century after publication in 1687, "no one could deny that" (out of the Principia) "a science had emerged that, at least in certain respects, so far exceeded anything that had ever gone before that it stood alone as the ultimate exemplar of science generally."In formulating his physical theories, Newton developed and used mathematical methods now included in the field of calculus. But the language of calculus as we know it was largely absent from the Principia; Newton gave many of his proofs in a geometric form of infinitesimal calculus, based on limits of ratios of vanishing small geometric quantities. In a revised conclusion to the Principia (see General Scholium), Newton used his expression that became famous, Hypotheses non fingo ("I feign no hypotheses").