List of topics characterized as pseudoscience | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2018-12-25

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_topics_characterized_as_pseudoscience


00:01:10 1 Physical sciences
00:01:20 1.1 Astronomy and space sciences
00:07:58 1.2 Earth sciences
00:09:38 1.3 Energy
00:10:55 1.4 Physics
00:12:04 2 Applied sciences
00:12:13 2.1 Agriculture
00:13:30 2.2 Architecture
00:15:20 2.3 Finance
00:16:13 2.4 Health and medicine
00:49:19 3 Social sciences
00:49:28 3.1 Psychology
01:03:11 3.2 Racial theories
01:04:07 3.3 Sociology
01:04:50 4 Paranormal and ufology
01:08:50 5 History
01:09:47 6 Numerology
01:10:34 7 Religious and spiritual beliefs
01:12:07 7.1 Creation science
01:14:21 7.2 Scientology
01:15:57 7.3 Other
01:16:35 8 Consumer products
01:17:20 9 Idiosyncratic ideas
01:19:53 10 See also



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SUMMARY
=======
This is a list of topics that have, at one point or another in their history, been characterized as pseudoscience by academics or researchers. Discussion about these topics is done on their main pages. These characterizations were made in the context of educating the public about questionable or potentially fraudulent or dangerous claims and practices—efforts to define the nature of science, or humorous parodies of poor scientific reasoning.
Criticism of pseudoscience, generally by the scientific community or skeptical organizations, involves critiques of the logical, methodological, or rhetorical bases of the topic in question. Though some of the listed topics continue to be investigated scientifically, others were only subject to scientific research in the past, and today are considered refuted but resurrected in a pseudoscientific fashion. Other ideas presented here are entirely non-scientific, but have in one way or another impinged on scientific domains or practices.
Many adherents or practitioners of the topics listed here dispute their characterization as pseudoscience. Each section here summarizes the alleged pseudoscientific aspects of that topic.