Staining (biology) | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 28/12/2018

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staining


00:01:44 1 iIn vivo/i vs iIn vitro/i
00:04:56 1.1 In vitro methods
00:05:06 1.1.1 Preparation
00:07:02 1.1.2 Standardization
00:08:03 1.1.3 Negative staining
00:09:01 1.2 Specific techniques
00:09:10 1.2.1 Gram staining
00:10:50 1.2.2 Endospore staining
00:11:19 1.2.3 Ziehl-Neelsen stain
00:11:52 1.2.4 Haematoxylin and eosin (H&amp;E) staining
00:13:00 1.2.5 Papanicolaou staining
00:13:37 1.2.6 PAS staining
00:14:01 1.2.7 Masson's trichrome
00:14:42 1.2.8 Romanowsky stains
00:15:31 1.2.9 Silver staining
00:16:44 1.2.10 Sudan staining
00:17:20 1.2.11 Conklin's staining
00:17:40 2 Common biological stains
00:18:20 2.1 Acridine orange
00:19:09 2.2 Bismarck brown
00:19:28 2.3 Carmine
00:19:50 2.4 Coomassie blue
00:20:12 2.5 Cresyl violet
00:20:35 2.6 Crystal violet
00:20:56 2.7 DAPI
00:21:40 2.8 Eosin
00:22:51 2.9 Ethidium bromide
00:23:53 2.10 Acid fuchsine
00:24:39 2.11 Haematoxylin
00:25:04 2.12 Hoechst stains
00:26:23 2.13 Iodine
00:27:30 2.14 Malachite green
00:27:58 2.15 Methyl green
00:28:19 2.16 Methylene blue
00:28:43 2.17 Neutral red
00:29:04 2.18 Nile blue
00:29:23 2.19 Nile red
00:30:05 2.20 Osmium tetroxide (formal name: osmium tetraoxide)
00:30:35 2.21 Propidium Iodide
00:31:30 2.22 Rhodamine
00:31:48 2.23 Safranine
00:32:49 3 Stainability of tissues
00:33:50 4 Electron microscopy
00:34:15 4.1 Phosphotungstic acid
00:34:37 4.2 Osmium tetroxide
00:35:43 4.3 Ruthenium tetroxide
00:36:48 5 See also



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SUMMARY
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Staining is an auxiliary technique  used in microscopy to enhance contrast in the microscopic image. Stains and dyes are frequently used in biology and medicine to highlight structures in biological tissues for viewing, often with the aid of different microscopes. Stains may be used to define and examine bulk tissues (highlighting, for example, muscle fibers or connective tissue), cell populations (classifying different blood cells, for instance), or organelles within individual cells.
In biochemistry it involves adding a class-specific (DNA, proteins, lipids, carbohydrates) dye to a substrate to qualify or quantify the presence of a specific compound. Staining and fluorescent tagging can serve similar purposes. Biological staining is also used to mark cells in flow cytometry, and to flag proteins or nucleic acids in gel electrophoresis.
Simple staining is staining with only one stain/dye. There are various kinds of multiple staining, many of which are examples of counterstaining, differential staining, or both, including double staining and triple staining.
Staining is not limited to biological materials, it can also be used to study the morphology of other materials for example the lamellar structures of semi-crystalline polymers or the domain structures of block copolymers.