History of medicine | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: Subhajit Sahu
Date: 2019-03-06

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_medicine


00:02:14 1 Prehistoric medicine
00:03:30 2 Early civilizations
00:03:40 2.1 Mesopotamia
00:07:55 2.2 Egypt
00:10:42 2.3 India
00:15:24 2.4 China
00:18:58 3 Greece and Roman Empire
00:21:18 3.1 Hippocrates
00:24:19 3.2 Herophilus and Erasistratus
00:26:17 3.3 Galen
00:28:02 3.4 Roman contributions
00:28:58 4 The Middle Ages, 400 to 1400
00:29:09 4.1 Byzantine Empire and Sassanid Empire
00:31:54 4.2 Islamic world
00:33:49 4.3 Europe
00:35:38 4.3.1 Schools
00:37:30 4.3.2 Humours
00:39:01 4.3.3 Women
00:39:34 5 Renaissance to early modern period 16th–18th century
00:42:13 5.1 Paracelsus
00:43:43 5.2 Padua and Bologna
00:46:44 5.3 Women
00:49:00 5.4 Age of Enlightenment
00:50:02 5.5 Britain
00:52:53 5.6 Spain and Spanish Empire
00:55:14 6 19th century: rise of modern medicine
00:56:27 6.1 Germ theory and bacteriology
01:01:36 6.2 Women
01:01:44 6.2.1 Women as nurses
01:05:09 6.2.2 Women as physicians
01:06:21 6.3 Paris
01:09:15 6.4 Vienna
01:11:17 6.5 Berlin
01:12:14 6.6 U.S. Civil War
01:15:30 6.7 Statistical methods
01:18:25 6.8 Worldwide dissemination
01:18:34 6.8.1 United States
01:18:54 6.8.2 Japan
01:21:57 6.9 Psychiatry
01:27:31 7 20th century and beyond
01:27:42 7.1 Twentieth-century warfare and medicine
01:29:58 7.2 Public health
01:31:40 7.3 Second World War
01:32:43 7.3.1 Nazi and Japanese medical research
01:33:47 7.4 Malaria
01:35:11 7.5 Post-World War II
01:39:18 7.5.1 Modern surgery
01:40:40 8 See also



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SUMMARY
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The history of medicine shows how societies have changed in their approach to illness and disease from ancient times to the present. Early medical traditions include those of Babylon, China, Egypt and India. The Indians introduced the concepts of medical diagnosis, prognosis, and advanced medical ethics. The Hippocratic Oath was written in ancient Greece in the 5th century BCE, and is a direct inspiration for oaths of office that physicians swear upon entry into the profession today. In the Middle Ages, surgical practices inherited from the ancient masters were improved and then systematized in Rogerius's The Practice of Surgery. Universities began systematic training of physicians around 1220 CE in Italy.
During the Renaissance, understanding of anatomy improved, and the microscope was invented. Prior to the 19th century, humorism (also known as humoralism) was thought to explain the cause of disease but it was gradually replaced by the germ theory of disease, leading to effective treatments and even cures for many infectious diseases. Military doctors advanced the methods of trauma treatment and surgery.  Public health measures were developed especially in the 19th century as the rapid growth of cities required systematic sanitary measures. Advanced research centers opened in the early 20th century, often connected with major hospitals.  The mid-20th century was characterized by new biological treatments, such as antibiotics. These advancements, along with developments in chemistry, genetics, and radiography led to modern medicine. Medicine was heavily professionalized in the 20th century, and new careers opened to women as nurses (from the 1870s) and as physicians (especially after 1970).