Geophysical surveying | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-03-27

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geophysical_survey


00:02:14 1 Types of geophysical survey
00:03:54 2 Geophysical signal detection
00:04:34 2.1 Measurement of Earth’s magnetic fields
00:06:57 2.2 Seismic wave measurement using gravitational wave sensor
00:07:40 2.3 Measurement of seismic waves using atom interferometer
00:09:16 3 Existing approaches in geophysical signal recognition
00:09:57 3.1 3D sampling
00:10:07 3.1.1 Sampling
00:10:33 3.1.2 Analog to digital conversion
00:12:14 3.2 Spectrum analysis
00:12:24 3.2.1 Multi-dimensional Fourier transform
00:14:36 3.2.2 Wavelet transform
00:19:03 3.2.3 Beamforming
00:20:56 3.3 Classical Estimation Theory
00:29:01 4 Applications
00:29:11 4.1 Estimating positions of underground objects
00:30:45 4.2 Array processing for seismographic applications
00:31:28 4.3 Visualization of 3D data



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SUMMARY
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Geophysical survey is the systematic collection of geophysical data for spatial studies. Detection and analysis of the geophysical signals forms the core of Geophysical signal processing. The magnetic and gravitational fields emanating from the Earth's interior hold essential information concerning seismic activities and the internal structure. Hence, detection and analysis of the electric and Magnetic fields is very crucial. As the Electromagnetic and gravitational waves are multi-dimensional signals, all the 1-D transformation techniques can be extended for the analysis of these signals as well. Hence this article also discusses multi-dimensional signal processing techniques.
Geophysical surveys may use a great variety of sensing instruments, and data may be collected from above or below the Earth's surface or from aerial, orbital, or marine platforms. Geophysical surveys have many applications in geology, archaeology, mineral and energy exploration, oceanography, and engineering. Geophysical surveys are used in industry as well as for academic research.
The sensing instruments such as gravimeter, gravitational wave sensor and magnetometers detect fluctuations in the gravitational and magnetic field. The data collected from a geophysical survey is analysed to draw meaningful conclusions out of that. Analysing the spectral density and the time-frequency localisation of any signal is important in applications such as oil exploration and seismography.