Decolonization | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-06-17

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decolonization


00:02:01 1 Methods and stages
00:06:41 2 History
00:08:40 2.1 American Revolution
00:09:21 2.2 Haitian Revolution
00:09:51 2.3 Spanish America
00:12:07 2.4 Ottoman Empire
00:14:25 2.4.1 Egypt
00:16:04 2.4.2 Greece
00:16:46 2.4.3 Bulgaria
00:17:36 2.4.4 Romania
00:17:58 2.4.5 Serbia
00:18:18 2.4.6 Montenegro
00:19:55 2.5 British Empire
00:25:53 2.5.1 Violence, civil warfare and partition
00:28:57 2.6 French Empire
00:33:13 2.7 After 1918
00:33:23 2.7.1 Western European colonial powers
00:36:44 2.7.2 United States
00:42:03 2.7.3 Japan
00:44:40 2.7.4 Central Europe
00:46:07 2.8 After 1945
00:46:17 2.8.1 Planning for decolonization
00:46:26 2.8.1.1 U.S. and Philippines
00:48:34 2.8.1.2 Portugal
00:50:06 2.8.1.3 Belgium
00:51:18 2.8.1.4 The Netherlands
00:53:42 2.8.2 United Nations Trust Territories
00:54:36 2.8.3 The emergence of the Third World (1945–present)
01:00:54 2.8.4 Decolonization of Africa
01:05:24 2.8.5 Decolonization in the Americas after 1945
01:06:43 2.8.6 Decolonization of Asia
01:09:35 2.8.7 Decolonization in Europe
01:11:21 2.8.8 Decolonization of Oceania
01:12:24 3 Challenges
01:12:42 3.1 State-building
01:13:40 3.2 Nation-building
01:14:37 3.2.1 Settled populations
01:15:58 3.3 Economic development
01:17:37 3.3.1 Effects on the colonizers
01:20:19 3.3.2 Effects on the former colonies
01:20:29 4 Post-colonial organizations
01:21:17 5 Assassinated anti-colonialist leaders
01:25:07 6 Timeline of independence
01:25:41 6.1 18th century to World War I
01:25:52 6.2 Interwar period
01:26:01 6.3 spanCold War
01:26:10 6.4 Post–Cold War era
01:26:20 7 See also



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SUMMARY
=======
Decolonization (American English) or decolonisation (British English) is the undoing of colonialism, the latter being the process whereby a nation establishes and maintains its domination on overseas territories. The concept particularly applies to the dismantlement, during the second half of the 20th century, of the colonial empires established prior to World War I throughout the world. Scholars focus especially on the movements in the colonies demanding independence, such as Creole nationalism.The United Nations Special Committee on Decolonization has stated that in the process of decolonization there is no alternative to the colonizer but to allow a process of self-determination, but in practice decolonization may involve either nonviolent revolution or national liberation wars by pro-independence groups. It may be intramural or involve the intervention of foreign powers acting individually or through international bodies such as the United Nations. Although examples of decolonization can be found as early as the writings of Thucydides, there have been several particularly active periods of decolonization in modern times.  These include the breakup of the Spanish Empire in the 19th century; of the German, Austro-Hungarian, Ottoman, and Russian empires following World War I; of the British, French,  Dutch, Japanese, Portuguese, Belgian and Italian colonial empires following World War II; and of the Soviet Union (successor to the Russian Empire) at the end of the Cold War in 1991.Decolonization has been used to refer to the intellectual decolonization from the colonizers' ideas that made the colonized feel inferior.