Marcus Aurelius | Wikipedia audio article
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Date: 2018-11-26

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Marcus Aurelius

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SUMMARY
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Marcus Aurelius (; Latin: Marcus Aurelius Antoninus Augustus; 26 April 121 – 17 March 180 AD), called the Philosopher, was Roman emperor from 161 to 180. He was adopted by Antoninus Pius, whose daughter Faustina he married and whom he and his adoptive brother, Lucius Verus, succeeded. He ruled the Roman Empire with Lucius until Lucius' death in 169, and with his son by Faustina, Commodus, from 177. He was the last of the rulers traditionally known as the Five Good Emperors.
Marcus was a practitioner of Stoicism. His personal philosophical writings, which later came to be called Meditations, are a significant source of the modern understanding of ancient Stoic philosophy. 
During his reign, the Empire defeated a revitalized Parthian Empire in the East; Marcus' general Avidius Cassius sacked the Parthian capital Ctesiphon in 164. In central Europe, Marcus fought the Marcomanni, Quadi, and Sarmatians with success during the Marcomannic Wars, although the threat of the Germanic peoples began to represent a troubling reality for the Empire. The Column and Equestrian Statue of Marcus Aurelius still stand in Rome, where they were erected in celebration of his military victories. Persecution of Christians is said to have increased during his reign. The Antonine Plague, a pandemic that broke out in 165, devastated the population of the Roman Empire and may have been the cause of death for his co-ruler Lucius. Marcus' death in 180 is seen as an end to the Pax Romana, an age of relative peace and stability for the Empire.