Pipeline transport | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-01-08

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pipeline_transport


00:02:38 1 Oil and natural gas
00:09:27 1.1 Growth of market
00:10:15 1.2 Construction and operation
00:12:18 2 Ammonia
00:12:53 3 Alcohol fuels
00:13:33 4 Coal and ore
00:14:37 5 Hydrogen
00:15:38 6 Water
00:18:06 7 Other systems
00:18:15 7.1 District heating
00:19:20 7.2 Beer
00:20:04 7.3 Brine
00:20:35 7.4 Milk
00:21:08 8 Marine pipelines
00:22:19 9 Functions
00:23:46 10 Development and planning
00:25:42 11 Operation
00:27:56 12 Technology
00:28:05 12.1 Components
00:30:22 12.2 Leak detection systems
00:32:52 13 Implementation
00:33:40 14 Maintenance
00:34:23 15 Regulation
00:35:29 16 Pipelines and geopolitics
00:36:58 17 Hazard identification
00:39:40 18 Exposure
00:41:04 18.1 Spill frequency-volume
00:42:38 18.2 Benzene fate and transport
00:43:47 18.3 Previous dilbit spill remediation difficulties
00:44:48 19 Dangers and environmental impacts
00:44:59 19.1 Compared to other modes
00:45:41 19.2 Accidents
00:50:26 19.3 As targets



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SUMMARY
=======
Pipeline transport is the long-distance transportation of a liquid or gas through a system of pipes—a pipeline—typically to a market area for consumption. The latest data from 2014 gives a total of slightly less than 2,175,000 miles (3,500,000 km) of pipeline in 120 countries of the world. The United States had 65%, Russia had 8%, and Canada had 3%, thus 75% of all pipeline were in these three countries.
Pipeline and Gas Journal's worldwide survey figures indicate that 118,623 miles (190,905 km) of pipelines are planned and under construction. Of these, 88,976 miles (143,193 km) represent projects in the planning and design phase; 29,647 miles (47,712 km) reflect pipelines in various stages of construction. Liquids and gases are transported in pipelines and any chemically stable substance can be sent through a pipeline. Pipelines exist for the transport of crude and refined petroleum, fuels – such as oil, natural gas and biofuels – and other fluids including sewage, slurry, water, beer, hot water or steam for shorter distances. Pipelines are useful for transporting water for drinking or irrigation over long distances when it needs to move over hills, or where canals or channels are poor choices due to considerations of evaporation, pollution, or environmental impact. Oil pipelines are made from steel or plastic tubes which are usually buried. The oil is moved through the pipelines by pump stations along the pipeline. Natural gas (and similar gaseous fuels) are lightly pressurised into liquids known as Natural Gas Liquids (NGLs). Natural gas pipelines are constructed of carbon steel. Hydrogen pipeline transport is the transportation of hydrogen through a pipe. Pipelines conveying flammable or explosive material, such as natural gas or oil, pose special safety concerns and there have been various accidents. Pipelines can be the target of theft, vandalism, sabotage, or even terrorist attacks. In war, pipelines are often the target of military attacks.