Hardware abstraction | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-01-13

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardware_abstraction


00:01:15 1 Overview
00:04:47 2 In operating systems
00:06:36 2.1 Microsoft Windows
00:07:37 2.2 AS/400
00:08:36 2.3 Android
00:09:09 3 See also



Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.

Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain

Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.

Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:
https://assistant.google.com/services/invoke/uid/0000001a130b3f91
Other Wikipedia audio articles at:
https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=wikipedia+tts
Upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
https://github.com/nodef/wikipedia-tts
Speaking Rate: 0.8270377126081082
Voice name: en-AU-Wavenet-D


"I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think."
- Socrates


SUMMARY
=======
Hardware abstractions are sets of routines in software that emulate some platform-specific details, giving programs direct access to the hardware resources.
They often allow programmers to write device-independent, high performance applications by providing standard operating system (OS) calls to hardware.  The process of abstracting pieces of hardware is often done from the perspective of a CPU.  Each type of CPU has a specific instruction set architecture or ISA.  The ISA represents the primitive operations of the machine that are available for use by assembly programmers and compiler writers.  One of the main functions of a compiler is to allow a programmer to write an algorithm in a high-level language without having to care about CPU-specific instructions.  Then it is the job of the compiler to generate a CPU-specific executable.  The same type of abstraction is made in operating systems, but OS APIs now represent the primitive operations of the machine, rather than an ISA.  This allows a programmer to use OS-level operations (e.g. task creation/deletion) in their programs while retaining portability over a variety of different platforms.