Hidden-variables theory | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2018-12-31

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidden-variable_theory


00:01:04 1 Motivation
00:03:35 2 "God does not play dice"
00:05:30 3 Early attempts at hidden-variable theories
00:06:55 4 Declaration of completeness of quantum mechanics, and the Bohr–Einstein debates
00:08:22 5 EPR paradox
00:11:29 6 Bell's theorem
00:12:35 7 Bohm's hidden-variable theory
00:15:52 8 Recent developments
00:17:31 9 See also



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SUMMARY
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In physics, hidden-variable theories are held by some physicists who argue that the state of a physical system, as formulated by quantum mechanics, does not give a complete description for the system. An example would be that quantum mechanics is ultimately incomplete, and that a complete theory would provide descriptive categories to account for all observable behavior and thus avoid any indeterminism. The existence of indeterminacy for some measurements is a characteristic of prevalent interpretations of quantum mechanics; moreover, bounds for indeterminacy can be expressed in a quantitative form by the Heisenberg uncertainty principle.
Albert Einstein objected to the fundamentally probabilistic nature of quantum mechanics, and famously declared "I am convinced God does not play dice". Einstein, Podolsky, and Rosen argued that "elements of reality" (hidden variables) must be added to quantum mechanics to explain entanglement without action at a distance. Later, Bell's theorem suggested that local hidden variables of certain types are impossible, or that they evolve non-locally. A famous non-local theory is the De Broglie–Bohm theory.