Space Surveillance and Tracking System | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-03-27

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strategic_Defense_Initiative


00:03:14 1 History
00:03:23 1.1 National BMD
00:06:35 1.2 Lead up to SDI
00:11:28 2 Project and proposals
00:11:38 2.1 Announcement
00:12:06 2.2 Strategic Defense Initiative Organization (SDIO)
00:13:51 2.3 APS report
00:15:12 2.4 Strategic Defense System
00:16:59 2.5 Global Protection Against Limited Strikes (GPALS)
00:18:55 2.6 Ballistic Missile Defense Organization (BMDO)
00:19:32 3 Ground-based programs
00:19:41 3.1 Extended Range Interceptor (ERINT)
00:20:40 3.2 Homing Overlay Experiment (HOE)
00:23:51 3.3 ERIS and HEDI
00:24:30 4 Directed-energy weapon (DEW) programs
00:24:41 4.1 X-ray laser
00:26:54 4.2 Chemical laser
00:28:27 4.3 Neutral particle beam
00:29:17 4.4 Laser and mirror experiments
00:30:54 4.5 Hypervelocity Railgun (CHECMATE)
00:33:48 5 Space-based programs
00:33:58 5.1 Space-Based Interceptor (SBI)
00:34:44 5.2 Brilliant Pebbles
00:36:32 6 Sensor programs
00:37:04 6.1 Boost Surveillance and Tracking System (BSTS)
00:37:37 6.2 Space Surveillance and Tracking System (SSTS)
00:38:04 6.3 Brilliant Eyes
00:38:41 6.4 Other sensor experiments
00:39:23 7 Countermeasures
00:41:36 8 Response from the Soviet Union
00:45:19 9 Controversy and criticism
00:49:42 9.1 Treaty obligations
00:51:35 9.2 SDI and MAD
00:54:21 9.3 Non-ICBM delivery
00:54:49 9.4 Whistleblower
00:55:14 10 Timeline
00:55:23 11 Fiction and popular culture



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SUMMARY
=======
The Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) was a proposed missile defense system intended to protect the United States from attack by ballistic strategic nuclear weapons (intercontinental ballistic missiles and submarine-launched ballistic missiles). The concept was first announced publicly by President Ronald Reagan on 23 March 1983. Reagan was a vocal critic of the doctrine of mutual assured destruction (MAD), which he described as a "suicide pact", and he called upon the scientists and engineers of the United States to develop a system that would render nuclear weapons obsolete.
The Strategic Defense Initiative Organization (SDIO) was set up in 1984 within the United States Department of Defense to oversee development. A wide array of advanced weapon concepts, including lasers, particle beam weapons and ground- and space-based missile systems were studied, along with various sensor, command and control, and high-performance computer systems that would be needed to control a system consisting of hundreds of combat centers and satellites spanning the entire globe. A number of these concepts were tested through the late 1980s, and follow-on efforts and spin-offs continue to this day.
Under the SDIO's Innovative Sciences and Technology Office, headed by physicist and engineer Dr. James Ionson, the investment was predominantly made in basic research at national laboratories, universities, and in industry; these programs have continued to be key sources of funding for top research scientists in the fields of high-energy physics, supercomputing/computation, advanced materials, and many other critical science and engineering disciplines — funding which indirectly supports other research work by top scientists, and which would be politically impossible to fund outside of the defense budget environment.
In 1987, the American Physical Society concluded that the technologies being considered were decades away from being ready for use, and at least another decade of research was required to know whether such a system was even possible. After the publication of the APS report, SDIs budget was repeatedly cut. By the late 1980s, the effort had been re-focused on the "Brilliant Pebbles" concept using small orbiting missiles not unlike a conventional air-to-air missile, which was expected to be much less expensive to develop and deploy.
SDI was co ...