Irreducible complexity | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-01-15

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irreducible_complexity


00:01:54 1 Definitions
00:03:15 2 History
00:03:24 2.1 Forerunners
00:04:12 2.1.1 Up to the 18th century
00:06:01 2.1.2 19th century
00:09:45 2.1.3 20th century
00:14:33 2.2 Origins
00:18:33 2.3 The mousetrap example
00:21:54 2.4 Consequences
00:24:32 3 Stated examples
00:24:50 3.1 Blood clotting cascade
00:26:51 3.2 Eye
00:32:10 3.3 Flagella
00:35:29 3.4 Cilium motion
00:36:03 3.5 Bombardier beetle's defense mechanism
00:37:11 4 Response of the scientific community
00:37:38 4.1 Reducibility of "irreducible" systems
00:42:35 4.2 Gradual adaptation to new functions
00:44:07 4.3 Methods by which irreducible complexity may evolve
00:44:35 4.4 Falsifiability and experimental evidence
00:46:42 4.5 Argument from ignorance
00:47:33 4.6 False dilemma
00:48:07 5 In the Dover trial
00:54:25 6 Notes and references
00:54:35 7 Further reading
00:56:20 8 External links



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SUMMARY
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Irreducible complexity (IC) is the idea that certain biological systems cannot evolve by successive small modifications to pre-existing functional systems through natural selection. Irreducible complexity is central to the creationist concept of intelligent design, but it is rejected by the scientific community, which regards intelligent design as pseudoscience. Irreducible complexity is one of two main arguments used by intelligent design proponents, the other being specified complexity.The theological argument from design was presented in creation science with assertions that evolution could not explain complex molecular mechanisms, and in 1993 Michael Behe, a professor of biochemistry at Lehigh University, presented these arguments in a revised version of Of Pandas and People. In his 1996 book Darwin's Black Box he called this irreducible complexity and said it made evolution through natural selection of random mutations impossible. This was based on the mistaken assumption that evolution relies on improvement of existing functions, ignoring how complex adaptations originate from changes in function, and disregarding published research. Evolutionary biologists have published rebuttals showing how systems discussed by Behe can evolve, and examples documented through comparative genomics show that complex molecular systems are formed by the addition of components as revealed by different temporal origins of their proteins.In the 2005 Kitzmiller v. Dover Area School District trial, Behe gave testimony on the subject of irreducible complexity. The court found that "Professor Behe's claim for irreducible complexity has been refuted in peer-reviewed research papers and has been rejected by the scientific community at large."