Ksurg_cancer_EP4: How does Cancer Spread? The Exodus of Metastasis
Channel: Surgery Khalsom
Date: 2023-10-14

Welcome to the channel that discusses everything about general surgery. 

This is story of the journey of a malignant cell from primary site to the second home, the metastatic site. This week, we would understand why some Stage 1 disease also will have metastasis. We will dwell the theory behind that. What are the routes for metastasis? What are the steps taken for a malignant cell into the bloodstreams and lymphatics into the secondaries? What are the protein, and enzymes secreted by the tumour cell to go through the hurdles of human body defence mechanism?

We have found that most of the students are confused in certain terminologies and principles in managing cancer cases. Thence we dedicate a full series to discuss the fundamentals for the topic: Cancer! A series of videos will be released regularly on weekends. Hope you all enjoy it. The videos are for discussions only, and not for any medical usages. This is NOT a medical advice. 

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Time stamps
00:00 Prelude
00:31 Introduction
01:03 Routes of Metastasis 
02:44 Transcoelomic Metastasis
03:55 Nowell Hypothesis Steps of Metastasis 
05:42 Local Invasion
10:32 Intravasation
11:55 Survival in Circulation
13:20 Arrest and Extravasation
15:10 Micrometastasis Formation & Colonization
16:01 Conclusion & Outro

The background music and some graphics are from Pixabay, Giphy, and YouTube Free Music. 

My reference: 
1. Eva Pachmayr, Christoph Treesea, Ulrike Steina. Underlying Mechanisms for Distant Metastasis
Molecular Biology. Review Article. Visc Med 2017;33:11–20. doi: 10.1159/000454696
2. Kent W Hunter, Nigel PS Crawford and Jude Alsarraj. Mechanisms of Metastasis. Review Article. Breast Cancer Research 2008, 10(Supp1):S2. doi:10.1186/bcr1988
3. Vinay Kumar, Abul K. Abbas, Jon C. Aster, Andrea T Deyrup. Robbins & Kumar Pathology (11th ed). eBook ISBN: 9780323790208.