Oil lamp | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 27/06/2019

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_lamp


00:01:34 1 Components
00:03:08 2 Lamp typology
00:03:35 3 Lamp typological categories
00:06:14 4 Oil lamps in religious contexts
00:06:25 4.1 Judaism
00:08:09 4.1.1 Chanukah
00:08:47 4.2 Christianity
00:13:18 4.3 Islam
00:14:06 4.4 Hinduism
00:17:07 4.5 Chinese folk religion
00:17:50 5 History
00:19:24 5.1 Chalcolithic Age, c. 4500–3300 BC
00:19:45 5.2 The Bronze Ages (3200–1200 BC)
00:21:14 5.3 The Iron Age (1200–560 BC)
00:22:05 5.4 Arctic
00:22:49 5.5 Persian
00:23:04 5.6 Greek
00:23:33 5.7 Chinese
00:24:12 5.8 Early Roman
00:24:52 5.9 Late Roman
00:25:30 5.10 Byzantine
00:25:50 5.11 Early Islamic
00:26:51 5.12 Industrial age
00:27:07 6 Regional variations
00:27:17 6.1 Israel
00:29:32 6.2 Importance of oil lamps in India
00:32:28 7 Oil tax
00:32:56 8 Books and catalogues
00:33:05 8.1 General
00:36:30 8.2 Western Europe
00:38:10 8.3 Middle (Near) East
00:38:55 8.4 Aegean
00:39:28 8.5 North Africa



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SUMMARY
=======
An oil lamp is an object used to produce light continuously for a period of time using an oil-based fuel source. The use of oil lamps began thousands of years ago and continues to this day, although not commonly anymore. 
Oil lamps are a form of lighting, and were used as an alternative to candles before the use of electric lights. Starting in 1780, the Argand lamp quickly replaced other oil lamps still in their basic ancient form. These in turn were replaced by the kerosene lamp in about 1850. In small towns and rural areas the latter continued in use well into the 20th century, until such areas were finally electrified and light bulbs could be used.
Sources of fuel for oil lamps include a wide variety of plants such as nuts (walnuts, almonds) and seeds (sesame, olive, castor, flax). Also widely used were animal fats (butter, fish oil, shark liver, whale blubber, seals). Camphine, a blend of turpentine and alcohol, was the first "burning fluid" fuel for lamps after whale oil supplies were depleted.  It was replaced by kerosene after Congress enacted excise taxes on alcohol to pay for the Civil War.
Most modern lamps (such as fueled lanterns) have been replaced by gas-based or petroleum-based fuels to operate when emergency non-electric light is required. Therefore, oil lamps of today are primarily used for the particular ambience they produce.