Leon and French Socialism
Channel: The Praetorian
Date: 2017-06-25

Leon and French Socialism
The Socialist Party also the French Section of the Workers International, traces its roots’ all the way back to the French Revolution. It’s later parties’ formed in the nineteenth century, formally established in nineteen hundred and five. Inspired by politicians’ and social theorists such as Charles Fourier, Henry de Saint-Simon, Francois-Noel Babeuf, Auguste Blanqui and Louis Blanc. The four dominant forms’ of socialism were Utopian, Syndicalist, revolutionary and reformist. France’s first socialist party was called the French Workers’ Party. In the Third Republic Era of France, between eighteen hundred and ninety-four until nineteen hundred and six, the Dreyfus affair created the political crisis. The controversy centered around the innocence or guilt of a French officer, Alfred Dreyfus, who was convicted of treason. Dreyfus was an Army Captain, who allegedly sold military secrets’ to the Germans’ in, eighteen hundred and ninety-four. At first, the public believed his guilt, many though have also claimed that it was only because he was Jewish, that he was prosecuted. It was also stated that much of the publicity concerning the case came from Anti-Semitic publications’. Accusations’ were apparently made, stating that Dreyfus symbolized the disloyalty of French Jews’. At first, the only efforts’ made to reverse the sentence, were made by Alfred Dreyfus’s family. Soon though, evidence started pointing towards guilt of another officer, Ferdinand Walsin-Esterhazy. The evidence pointed toward Esterhazy, presented itself in eighteen hundred and ninety-six. Accusations’ made against Esterhazy, resulted in the court-martial, that acquitted him, in eighteen hundred and ninety-eight. Protests’ broke out and writers’ like, Emile Zola, were found guilty of libel. The Dreyfus affair gained plenty of publicity, splitting the French into two opposing camps’, the Anti-Dreyfusards and the Dreyfusards. The Dreyfusards’ saw the issue as a principle of freedom for the individual, subordinated to that of national security. They wanted the military to be more Republican, placing it under parliamentary control. The Anti-Dreyfusards’ though, felt that the controversy was an attempt by their nation’s enemies’, to discredit the military and weaken France. In eighteen hundred and ninety-eight, a document implicating Dreyfus was discovered as a forgery. Major Hubert-Joseph Henry confessed to fabricating the document, in order to strengthen the army’s position. The Republican parties’ in the Chamber of Deputies’, recognized that the increasingly vocal nationalist right posed a threat to the parliamentary regime. In response to protests’ and demonstrations’, a left-wing coalition of radicals’ was formed, in eighteen hundred and ninety-nine. Led by Rene Waldeck-Rousseau, it’s main purposes’ were defend the Republic and settle the Dreyfus case. When a new court-martial was held, in eight hundred and ninety-nine, Dreyfus was again found guilty. The president of the republic, pardoned him though, in order for the issue to be resolved. In nineteen hundred and six, a civilian court of appeals’, finally set aside the judgment by Rennes court and Dreyfus was released. The French army didn’t publicly declare Alfred Dreyfus innocent, until, nineteen hundred and ninety-five. This case was to be a start in a new phase of the Third Republic, with series’ of radical led governments’. Resulting in the formal separation of church and state, within France. Leon Blum was the first socialist premier of France, presiding over the Popular Front coalition between, nineteen hundred and thirty-six and thirty-seven. Blum was born into a Jewish family from, Alsace, a region that was a former province of France, located between the Vosges and the Rhine. He became interested in politics’ when he became involved in the Dreyfus affair. Because of his admiration for Jean Jaures, Blum joined the French Socialist Party in, nineteen hundred and four.
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