Communications satellite | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-01-08

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communications_satellite


00:01:59 1 History
00:10:09 2 Satellite orbits
00:12:43 2.1 Low Earth orbit (LEO)
00:14:29 2.2 Satellite constellation
00:15:36 2.3 Medium Earth orbit (MEO)
00:17:40 2.3.1 Example
00:18:37 2.4 Geostationary orbit (GEO)
00:19:46 2.4.1 Examples
00:23:28 2.5 Molniya orbit
00:26:14 2.6 Polar orbit
00:27:41 3 Structure
00:29:27 4 Frequency Allocation for satellite systems
00:31:10 5 Applications
00:31:20 5.1 Telephone
00:34:03 5.2 Television
00:40:29 5.3 Radio broadcasting
00:43:41 5.4 Amateur radio
00:44:45 5.5 Internet access
00:45:21 5.6 Military
00:46:33 6 See also



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SUMMARY
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A communications satellite is an artificial satellite that relays and amplifies radio telecommunications signals via a transponder; it creates a communication channel between a source transmitter and a receiver at different locations on Earth. Communications satellites are used for television, telephone, radio, internet, and military applications. There are over 2,000 communications satellites in Earth’s orbit, used by both private and government organizations.  Many are in geostationary orbit 22,200 miles (35,700 km) above the equator, so that the satellite appears stationary at the same point in the sky, so the satellite dish antennas of ground stations can be aimed permanently at that spot and do not have to move to track it.
The high frequency radio waves used for telecommunications links travel by line of sight and so are obstructed by the curve of the Earth.  The purpose of communications satellites is to relay the signal around the curve of the Earth allowing communication between widely separated geographical points.    Communications satellites use a wide range of radio and microwave frequencies. To avoid signal interference, international organizations have regulations for which frequency ranges or "bands" certain organizations are allowed to use. This allocation of bands minimizes the risk of signal interference.