Hindustani (Hindi-Urdu) word etymology | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 03/01/2019

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindustani_etymology


00:02:46 1 Traditional categorization of Hindustani (Hindi-Urdu) words in Hindi pedagogy
00:04:25 2 Examples of Hindustani Word Derivations
00:04:37 2.1 Origin of iāp/i (आप آپ), itum/i (तुम تم) and itū/i (तू تو)
00:05:52 2.2 Origin of ihai/i (है ہے)
00:06:57 2.3 Derivation of ijātā/i (जाता جاتا) and igayā/i  (गया گیا)
00:07:30 2.4 iĀjā/i (आजा آجا) and idādā/i (दादा دادا)
00:08:37 2.5 iBaṛā/i (बड़ा بڑا)
00:08:55 3 Loanwords
00:09:16 3.1 Loanwords from Sanskrit
00:09:26 3.1.1 Phonetic Alterations
00:10:15 3.2 Loanwords from Persian
00:10:37 3.2.1 Examples of common Persian loanwords and corresponding Sanskrit loans
00:10:50 3.2.2 Present Stem
00:11:04 3.2.3 Past Stem
00:11:16 3.2.4 Present Participle
00:11:34 3.2.5 Past Participle
00:11:53 3.2.6 Loaned Verbs
00:12:09 3.2.7 Derived Nouns
00:12:25 3.3 Loanwords from Turkic languages
00:13:46 3.4 Loanwords from Arabic
00:14:43 3.5 Loanwords from Portuguese
00:15:03 3.6 Loanwords from English
00:15:51 3.6.1 Phonetic Alterations



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SUMMARY
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Hindustānī, also known as Hindi-Urdu, comprises several closely related dialects in the northern, central and northwestern part of the Indian subcontinent. It encompasses two standardized registers in the forms of the official languages Hindi and Urdu, as well as several nonstandard dialects.  Hindustani is not an immediate descendant of Sanskrit, but uses a large lexicon of loanwords.Standard Hindi derives much of its formal and technical vocabulary from Sanskrit while standard Urdu derives much of its formal and technical vocabulary from Persian. Standard Hindi and Urdu are used primarily in public addresses and radio or TV news, while the everyday spoken language is one of the several varieties of Hindustani, whose vocabulary contains words drawn from Persian, Arabic, and Sanskrit. In addition, spoken Hindustani includes words from English and the Dravidian languages, as well as several others.
Hindustani developed over several centuries throughout much of the northern subcontinent including the areas that comprise modern-day India, Pakistan, and Nepal. In the same way that the core vocabulary of English evolved from Old English (Anglo-Saxon) but assimilated a large number of words borrowed from French and other languages (whose pronunciations often changed naturally so as to become easier for speakers of English to pronounce), what may be called Hindustani can be said to have evolved from Sanskrit while borrowing many Persian and Arabic words over the years, and changing the pronunciations (and often even the meanings) of these words to make them easier for Hindustani speakers to pronounce. A large number of Persian words entered the Hindustani lexicon due to the influence of the Turco-Mongol Mughal rulers of north India, who followed a very Persianised culture and also spoke Persian. Many Arabic words entered Hindustani via Persian, which had previously been assimilated into the Persian language due to the influence of Arabs in the area. The dialect of Persian spoken by the Mughal ruling elite was known as 'Dari', which is the dialect of Persian spoken in modern-day Afghanistan. Therefore, Hindustani is the naturally developed common language of north India. This article will deal with the separate categories of Hindustani words and some of the common words found in the Hindustani language.