Blood | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 25/03/2019

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood


00:02:45 1 Functions
00:03:45 2 Constituents
00:03:54 2.1 In mammals
00:05:05 2.1.1 Cells
00:06:28 2.1.2 Plasma
00:07:42 2.1.3 pH values
00:08:43 2.2 In non-mammalian vertebrates
00:09:34 3 Physiology
00:09:43 3.1 Cardiovascular system
00:10:56 3.2 Production and degradation of blood cells
00:12:16 3.3 Oxygen transport
00:14:58 3.4 Carbon dioxide transport
00:16:27 3.5 Transport of hydrogen ions
00:16:50 3.6 Lymphatic system
00:17:18 3.7 Thermoregulation
00:17:56 3.8 Rate of blood flow
00:18:36 3.9 Hydraulic functions
00:19:09 3.10 Invertebrates
00:20:28 4 Color
00:20:47 4.1 Hemoglobin
00:22:36 4.2 Hemocyanin
00:23:31 4.3 Chlorocruorin
00:23:50 4.4 Hemerythrin
00:24:11 4.5 Hemovanadin
00:24:46 5 Pathology
00:24:55 5.1 General medical disorders
00:26:46 5.2 Hematological disorders
00:29:11 5.3 Carbon monoxide poisoning
00:30:04 6 Medical treatments
00:30:13 6.1 Blood products
00:30:56 6.2 Intravenous administration
00:31:49 6.3 Bloodletting
00:32:19 7 Etymology
00:32:47 8 History
00:32:55 8.1 Classical Greek medicine
00:33:46 8.2 Types
00:34:26 9 Cultural and religious beliefs
00:35:33 9.1 Indigenous Australians
00:36:38 9.2 European paganism
00:37:38 9.3 Christianity
00:39:54 9.4 Judaism
00:41:17 9.5 Islam
00:42:20 9.6 Jehovah's Witnesses
00:43:00 9.7 East Asian culture
00:43:41 9.8 Vampire legends
00:44:28 10 Applications
00:44:37 10.1 In the applied sciences
00:45:07 10.2 In art
00:45:42 10.3 In genealogy and family history



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SUMMARY
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Blood is a body fluid in humans and other animals that delivers necessary substances such as nutrients and oxygen to the cells and transports metabolic waste products away from those same cells.In vertebrates, it is composed of blood cells suspended in blood plasma. Plasma, which constitutes 55% of blood fluid, is mostly water (92% by volume), and contains proteins, glucose, mineral ions, hormones, carbon dioxide (plasma being the main medium for excretory product transportation), and blood cells themselves. Albumin is the main protein in plasma, and it functions to regulate the colloidal osmotic pressure of blood. The blood cells are mainly red blood cells (also called RBCs or erythrocytes), white blood cells (also called WBCs or leukocytes)  and platelets (also called thrombocytes). The most abundant cells in vertebrate blood are red blood cells. These contain hemoglobin, an iron-containing protein, which facilitates oxygen transport by reversibly binding to this respiratory gas and greatly increasing its solubility in blood. In contrast, carbon dioxide is mostly transported extracellularly as bicarbonate ion transported in plasma.
Vertebrate blood is bright red when its hemoglobin is oxygenated and dark red when it is deoxygenated. Some animals, such as crustaceans and mollusks, use hemocyanin to carry oxygen, instead of hemoglobin. Insects and some mollusks use a fluid called hemolymph instead of blood, the difference being that hemolymph is not contained in a closed circulatory system. In most insects, this "blood" does not contain oxygen-carrying molecules such as hemoglobin because their bodies are small enough for their tracheal system to suffice for supplying oxygen.
Jawed vertebrates have an adaptive immune system, based largely on white blood cells. White blood cells help to resist infections and parasites. Platelets are important in the clotting of blood. Arthropods, using hemolymph, have hemocytes as part of their immune system.
Blood is circulated around the body through blood vessels by the pumping action of the heart. In animals with lungs, arterial blood carries oxygen from inhaled air to the tissues of the body, and venous blood carries carbon dioxide, a waste product of metabolism produced by cells, from the tissues to the lungs to be exhale ...