Fascism | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-03-06

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fascism


00:02:34 1 Etymology
00:03:59 2 Definitions
00:07:36 2.1 Position in the political spectrum
00:12:43 2.2 "Fascist" as a pejorative
00:15:08 3 History
00:15:18 3.1 Nineteenth-century roots
00:16:13 3.2 iFin de siècle/i era and the fusion of Maurrasism with Sorelianism (1880–1914)
00:25:14 3.3 World War I and its aftermath (1914–1929)
00:28:46 3.3.1 Impact of World War I
00:30:03 3.3.2 Impact of the Bolshevik Revolution
00:32:01 3.3.3 The iFascist Manifesto/i of 1919
00:34:47 3.3.4 Italian Fascists in 1920
00:37:30 3.3.5 Fascist violence in 1922
00:39:19 3.4 Fascist Italy
00:40:44 3.4.1 Mussolini in power
00:42:47 3.4.2 Catholic Church
00:45:14 3.4.3 Corporatist economic system
00:46:24 3.4.4 Aggressive foreign policy
00:47:56 3.4.5 Hitler adopts Italian model
00:48:37 3.5 International impact of the Great Depression and the buildup to World War II
00:54:07 3.6 World War II (1939–1945)
00:59:59 3.7 Post-World War II (1945–present)
01:04:19 4 Tenets
01:05:30 4.1 Nationalism
01:07:07 4.2 Totalitarianism
01:08:56 4.3 Economy
01:17:23 4.4 Action
01:18:31 4.5 Age and gender roles
01:23:00 4.6 Palingenesis and modernism
01:25:13 5 Criticism
01:25:31 5.1 Anti-democratic and tyrannical
01:25:53 5.2 Unprincipled opportunism
01:30:06 5.3 Ideological dishonesty



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SUMMARY
=======
Fascism () is a form of radical, right-wing, authoritarian ultranationalism, characterized by dictatorial power, forcible suppression of opposition and strong regimentation of society and of the economy, which came to prominence in early 20th-century Europe. The first fascist movements emerged in Italy during World War I before it spread to other European countries. Opposed to liberalism, Marxism and anarchism, fascism is placed on the far-right within the traditional left–right spectrum.Fascists saw World War I as a revolution that brought massive changes to the nature of war, society, the state, and technology. The advent of total war and the total mass mobilization of society had broken down the distinction between civilians and combatants. A "military citizenship" arose in which all citizens were involved with the military in some manner during the war. The war had resulted in the rise of a powerful state capable of mobilizing millions of people to serve on the front lines and providing economic production and logistics to support them, as well as having unprecedented authority to intervene in the lives of citizens.Fascists believe that liberal democracy is obsolete and regard the complete mobilization of society under a totalitarian one-party state as necessary to prepare a nation for armed conflict and to respond effectively to economic difficulties. Such a state is led by a strong leader—such as a dictator and a martial government composed of the members of the governing fascist party—to forge national unity and maintain a stable and orderly society. Fascism rejects assertions that violence is automatically negative in nature and views political violence, war and imperialism as means that can achieve national rejuvenation. Fascists advocate a mixed economy, with the principal goal of achieving autarky (national economic self-sufficiency) through protectionist and interventionist economic policies.Since the end of World War II in 1945, few parties have openly described themselves as fascist and the term is instead now usually used pejoratively by political opponents. The descriptions neo-fascist or post-fascist are sometimes applied more formally to describe parties of the far-right with ideologies similar to, or rooted in, 20th-century fascist movements.