Klemens von Metternich | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2018-12-06

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Klemens von Metternich


00:02:58 1 Early life
00:06:10 2 Marriage and the Congress of Rastatt
00:08:24 3 Ambassador
00:08:33 3.1 Dresden and Berlin
00:11:11 3.2 Paris
00:14:14 4 Foreign Minister
00:14:23 4.1 Détente with France
00:16:48 4.1.1 As France's ally
00:18:37 4.1.2 As a neutral
00:21:57 4.1.3 As a coalition partner
00:27:29 4.2 Congress of Vienna
00:33:02 4.3 Paris and Italy
00:37:13 4.4 Aachen, Teplice, Karlsbad, Troppau and Laibach
00:43:17 5 Chancellor
00:43:26 5.1 Hanover, Verona and Czernowitz
00:49:05 5.2 Hungarian Diets, Alexander I's death, and problems in Italy
00:55:56 5.3 Eastern Question revisited and peace in Europe
01:03:06 6 Revolution
01:06:30 7 Exile, return, and death
01:12:57 8 Historians' assessment
01:16:23 9 Issue
01:16:37 10 Ancestry
01:16:46 11 See also



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SUMMARY
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Klemens Wenzel Nepomuk Lothar, Prince von Metternich-Winneburg zu Beilstein, KOGF (German: [ˈmɛtɐnɪç]; 15 May 1773 – 11 June 1859) was an Austrian diplomat who was at the center of European affairs for four decades as the Austrian Empire's foreign minister from 1809 and Chancellor from 1821 until the liberal Revolutions of 1848 forced his resignation.
Born into the House of Metternich in 1773 as the son of a diplomat, Metternich received a good education at the universities of Strasbourg and Mainz. Metternich rose through key diplomatic posts, including ambassadorial roles in the Kingdom of Saxony, the Kingdom of Prussia, and especially Napoleonic France. One of his first assignments as Foreign Minister was to engineer a détente with France that included the marriage of Napoleon to the Austrian archduchess Marie Louise. Soon after, he engineered Austria's entry into the War of the Sixth Coalition on the Allied side, signed the Treaty of Fontainebleau that sent Napoleon into exile and led the Austrian delegation at the Congress of Vienna that divided post-Napoleonic Europe amongst the major powers. For his service to the Austrian Empire, he was given the title of Prince in October 1813. Under his guidance, the "Metternich system" of international congresses continued for another decade as Austria aligned itself with Russia and to a lesser extent Prussia. This marked the high point of Austria's diplomatic importance and thereafter Metternich slowly slipped into the periphery of international diplomacy. At home, Metternich held the post of Chancellor of State from 1821 until 1848 under both Francis I and his son Ferdinand I. After a brief exile in London, Brighton, and Brussels that lasted until 1851, he returned to the Viennese court, this time to offer only advice to Ferdinand's successor, Franz Josef. Having outlived his generation of politicians, Metternich died at the age of 86 in 1859.
A traditional conservative, Metternich was keen to maintain the balance of power, in particular by resisting Russian territorial ambitions in Central Europe and lands belonging to the Ottoman Empire. He disliked liberalism and strove to prevent the breakup of the Austrian Empire, for example, by crushing nationalist revolts in Austrian north Italy. At home, he pursued a similar policy, using censorship and a wide-ranging spy network to suppress unrest. Metternich has been both praised and heavily criticized for the policies he pursued. His supporters pointed out that he presided over the "Age of Metternich", when international diplomacy helped prevent major wars in Europe. His qualities as a diplomat were commended, some noting that his achievements were considerable in light of the weakness of his negotiating position. Meanwhile, his detractors argued that he could have done much to secure Austria's future, and he was deemed as a stumbling block to reforms in Austria.