The arrival of the Britishers in India  | भारत में अंग्रेजों का आगमन | Indian history
Channel: Kutumb IAS
Date: 2022-10-03

the arrival of the Britishers in India the British East India Company came to India as traders in spices, a very important commodity in Europe back then as it was used to preserve meat. Apart from that, they primarily traded in silk, cotton, indigo dye, tea, and opium. They landed in the Indian subcontinent on August 24, 1608, at the port of Surat.

For almost a century (1500–1600), the Portuguese held a monopoly on European exploration and trade in the Indian Ocean. Portuguese interests on the west coast of India were largely determined by sailing conditions, and in Goa, they found a defensible island site with excellent harbor facilities on either side. Portuguese explorer Vasco de Gama becomes the first European to reach India via the Atlantic Ocean when he arrives at Calicut on the Malabar Coast. Da Gama sailed from Lisbon, Portugal, in July 1497, rounded the Cape of Good Hope, and anchored at Malindi on the east coast of Africa. The Portuguese failed in India due to inadequate manpower, the decline in their naval power, and aggression from their British counterparts. In addition, several conflicts with its European neighbors had made it difficult for the Portuguese to maintain their colonial empire in India and elsewhere.

Dutch presence on the Indian subcontinent lasted from 1605 to 1825. Merchants of the Dutch East India Company first established themselves in Dutch Coromandel, notably Pulicat, as they were looking for textiles to exchange with the spices they traded in the East Indies. The Dutch failed in India due to repeated conflicts with the British and the local kingdoms in India. Further conflict with the French would see them relinquishing their colonies to the British in order to prevent a complete French takeover.

The British Raj refers to the period of British rule on the Indian subcontinent between 1858 and 1947. The system of governance was instituted in 1858 when the rule of the East India Company was transferred to The Crown in the person of Queen Victoria. the rule of the British Crown on the Indian subcontinent; it is also called Crown rule in India, or Direct rule in India, and lasted from 1858 to 1947. The Empire was overstretched and - combined with growing unrest in various colonies - this led to the swift and decisive fall of many of Britain's key assets, some diplomatically, some violently. In 1947 India became independent following a nonviolent civil-disobedience campaign spearheaded by Mahatma Gandhi.


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