Electricity on Shabbat | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 29/06/2019

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity_on_Shabbat


00:04:05 1 Incandescent lights
00:06:22 2 Shabbat laws potentially related to electricity
00:06:42 2.1 iMolid/i
00:07:32 2.2 Building
00:08:32 2.3 iMakeh Bapatish/i
00:09:18 2.4 Sparks
00:10:40 2.5 Additional fuel consumption
00:11:13 2.6 Heating a wire or filament
00:11:44 3 Range of practices
00:14:27 4 Practical applications
00:14:55 4.1 Cooking appliances
00:15:24 4.2 Refrigerators
00:17:15 4.3 Thermostats
00:18:40 4.4 Lighting
00:19:51 4.5 Television and radio
00:21:10 4.6 Computers and similar appliances
00:23:41 4.7 Telephones
00:25:52 4.8 Microphones
00:26:48 4.9 Laundry
00:27:21 4.10 Automobiles
00:28:08 4.11 Elevators
00:28:44 4.12 Surveillance systems
00:30:04 4.13 Static electricity
00:30:22 5 Shabbat clocks
00:32:04 5.1 Adjusting a Shabbat clock
00:34:23 5.2 Applications
00:34:47 5.2.1 Automated milking of cows
00:37:47 6 Use of electricity generated in Israeli power plants
00:38:42 6.1 iPikuach nefesh/i
00:38:50 6.1.1 Generating electricity
00:40:42 6.1.2 Using electricity
00:41:55 6.2 Unintentional violation of Shabbat
00:42:42 6.3 Forbidden actions in power plants
00:44:22 6.4 Alternatives to publicly generated electricity
00:45:32 7 Practices in Conservative Judaism
00:45:51 8 See also



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SUMMARY
=======
Many Jews who strictly observe Shabbat (the Sabbath), especially within Orthodox Judaism, refrain from what is considered turning electricity on or off during Shabbat. They may also refrain from making adjustments to the intensity of electrical appliances. Various rabbinical authorities have pronounced on what is permitted and what is not, but there are many disagreements in detailed interpretation, both between different individual authorities and between branches of Judaism.
Orthodox authorities of Jewish law have disagreed about the basis of this prohibition since the early 20th century. Many Orthodox leaders have held that turning on an incandescent light bulb violates the Biblical prohibition against igniting a fire (Hebrew: הבערה, hav'arah).  However, the reasons for prohibiting the operation of an electrical appliance that does not produce light or heat, such as an electric fan, are not agreed upon.  At least six substantive reasons have been suggested, and a minority believe that turning on an electrical fan is prohibited only because of common Jewish practice and tradition (minhag) but not for any substantive technical reason.  Conservative Jewish authorities have argued that such reasons do not justify describing the use of electricity as prohibited.
Although directly operating electrical appliances is prohibited in Orthodoxy, several indirect methods are permitted according to some or all authorities. For example, Jews may set a timer before Shabbat to operate a light or appliance on Shabbat, and in some cases they may adjust the timer on Shabbat. Actions which activate an electrical appliance but are not specifically intended to do so may be permitted if the activation is not certain to occur or if the person does not benefit from the automatic operation of the appliance.  For example, most authorities permit Jews to open a refrigerator door even though it may cause the motor to turn on immediately or later (not certain to occur); however, they prohibit opening the door if a light inside will automatically turn on (certain and of benefit). They also permit walking past a house with a motion sensor which switches on a light if the street is already well-lit (not of benefit), but not if it is dark.Several innovations have been developed to address the various needs of the Shabbat-observant user.  One such consumer product available since 2004, the KosherLamp, facilitates the pseudo-control of lighting by blocking/unblocking a bulb that remains lit for  ...