Carbon offset | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 17/06/2019

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_offset


00:04:15 1 Features
00:06:48 2 Markets
00:06:57 2.1 Global market
00:08:33 2.2 E.U. market
00:09:22 2.3 U.S. market
00:10:43 2.4 Voluntary market
00:15:14 3 Types of offset projects
00:15:44 3.1 Renewable energy
00:17:27 3.2 Methane collection and combustion
00:18:32 3.3 Energy efficiency
00:19:53 3.4 Destruction of industrial pollutants
00:20:38 3.5 Land use, land-use change and forestry
00:22:43 3.6 Links with emission trading schemes
00:24:10 3.7 Carbon retirement
00:24:58 3.8 Small-scale schemes
00:25:40 3.9 Other
00:26:28 4 Accounting for and verifying reductions
00:28:03 4.1 Criteria for quality offsets
00:29:37 4.2 Co-benefits
00:32:39 5 Quality assurance schemes
00:32:49 5.1 Quality Assurance Standard for Carbon Offsetting (QAS)
00:35:24 5.2 Australian Government National Carbon Offset Program
00:36:09 6 Controversies
00:36:18 6.1 Efficiency of funding carbon offset projects
00:37:36 6.2 Indulgence controversy
00:40:13 6.3 Effectiveness of tree-planting offsets
00:44:09 6.4 Indigenous land rights issues
00:45:21 6.5 Additionality and lack of regulation in the voluntary market
00:45:58 6.6 Perverse incentives
00:47:56 6.7 Other negative impacts from offset projects
00:49:11 7 See also



Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.

Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain

Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.

Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:
https://assistant.google.com/services/invoke/uid/0000001a130b3f91
Other Wikipedia audio articles at:
https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=wikipedia+tts
Upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
https://github.com/nodef/wikipedia-tts
Speaking Rate: 0.8391329490959437
Voice name: en-US-Wavenet-D


"I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think."
- Socrates


SUMMARY
=======
A carbon offset is a reduction in emissions of carbon dioxide or other greenhouse gases made in order to compensate for emissions made elsewhere. Offsets are measured in tonnes of carbon dioxide-equivalent (CO2e). One tonne of carbon offset represents the reduction of one tonne of carbon dioxide or its equivalent in other greenhouse gases.
There are two markets for carbon offsets. In the larger, compliance market, companies, governments, or other entities buy carbon offsets in order to comply with caps on the total amount of carbon dioxide they are allowed to emit. For instance, an entity could be complying with obligations of Annex 1 Parties under the Kyoto Protocol or of liable entities under the EU Emission Trading Scheme, among others. In 2006, about $5.5 billion of carbon offsets were purchased in the compliance market, representing about 1.6 billion metric tons of CO2e reductions.In the much smaller, voluntary market, individuals, companies, or governments purchase carbon offsets to mitigate their own greenhouse gas emissions from transportation, electricity use, and other sources. For example, an individual might purchase carbon offsets to compensate for the greenhouse gas emissions caused by personal air travel. Carbon offset vendors offer direct purchase of carbon offsets, often also offering other services such as designating a carbon offset project to support or measuring a purchaser's carbon footprint. In 2016, about $191.3 million of carbon offsets were purchased in the voluntary market, representing about 63.4 million metric tons of CO2e reductions.Offsets typically support projects that reduce the emission of greenhouse gases in the short- or long-term. A common project type is renewable energy, such as wind farms, biomass energy, or hydroelectric dams. Others include energy efficiency projects, the destruction of industrial pollutants or agricultural byproducts, destruction of landfill methane, and forestry projects. Some of the most popular carbon offset projects from a corporate perspective are energy efficiency and wind turbine projects.The Kyoto Protocol has sanctioned offsets as a way for governments and private companies to earn carbon credits that can be traded on a marketplace. The protocol established the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), which validates and measures projects to ensure they produce authentic benefits and are genuinely "additional" activities that would not otherwise have been undertaken. Organizations that are unable to meet their emissions quo ...