Lead poisoning | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2018-12-07

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Lead poisoning


00:02:31 1 Classification
00:05:06 2 Signs and symptoms
00:07:58 2.1 Acute poisoning
00:09:02 2.2 Chronic poisoning
00:10:18 2.3 Effects on children
00:11:28 2.4 By organ system
00:12:06 2.4.1 Kidneys
00:12:55 2.4.2 Cardiovascular system
00:13:27 2.4.3 Reproductive system
00:14:19 2.4.4 Nervous system
00:17:47 3 Exposure routes
00:19:02 3.1 Occupational exposure
00:20:20 3.2 Food
00:20:41 3.3 Paint
00:22:29 3.4 Soil
00:23:23 3.5 Water
00:25:44 3.6 Lead-containing products
00:27:58 3.7 Bullets
00:31:43 4 Pathophysiology
00:35:08 4.1 Enzymes
00:36:55 4.2 Neurons
00:38:37 5 Diagnosis
00:42:01 5.1 Reference levels
00:44:06 6 Prevention
00:47:03 7 Treatment
00:51:50 8 Epidemiology
00:55:17 8.1 Notable cases
00:56:16 9 Prognosis
00:56:25 9.1 Reversibility
00:57:03 9.2 Encephalopathy
00:57:38 9.3 Long-term
00:58:31 10 History
01:07:56 11 Other species
01:09:05 11.1 Wildlife
01:10:46 12 See also



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SUMMARY
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Lead poisoning is a type of metal poisoning caused by lead in the body. The brain is the most sensitive. Symptoms may include abdominal pain, constipation, headaches, irritability, memory problems, inability to have children, and tingling in the hands and feet. It causes almost 10% of intellectual disability of otherwise unknown cause and can result in behavioral problems. Some of the effects are permanent. In severe cases anemia, seizures, coma, or death may occur.Exposure to lead can occur by contaminated air, water, dust, food, or consumer products. Children are at greater risk as they are more likely to put objects in their mouth such as those that contain lead paint and absorb a greater proportion of the lead that they eat. Exposure at work is a common cause of lead poisoning in adults with certain occupations at particular risk. Diagnosis is typically by measurement of the blood lead level. The Centers for Disease Control (US) has set the upper limit for blood lead for adults at 10 µg/dl (10 µg/100 g) and for children at 5 µg/dl. Elevated lead may also be detected by changes in red blood cells or dense lines in the bones of children as seen on X-ray.Lead poisoning is preventable. This includes individual efforts such as removing lead-containing items from the home, workplace efforts such as improved ventilation and monitoring, and nationwide policies such as laws that ban lead in products such as paint and gasoline, reduce allowable levels in water or soil, and provide for cleanup of contaminated soil. The major treatments are removal of the source of lead and the use of medications that bind lead so it can be eliminated from the body, known as chelation therapy. Chelation therapy in children is recommended when blood levels are greater than 40–45 µg/dl. Medications used include dimercaprol, edetate calcium disodium, and succimer.In 2016 lead is believed to have resulted in 540,000 deaths. It occurs most commonly in the developing world. Those who are poor are at greater risk. Lead is believed to result in 0.6% of the world's disease burden. People have been mining and using lead for thousands of years. Descriptions of lead poisoning date to at least 2000 BC, while efforts to limit lead's use date back to at least the 16th century. Concerns for low levels of exposure begin in the 1970s with there being no safe threshold for lead exposure.