Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 16/01/2019

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plug-in_hybrid


00:01:55 1 Terminology
00:03:08 2 History
00:03:17 2.1 Invention and early interest
00:04:28 2.2 Revival of interest
00:09:32 2.3 Series production
00:18:40 3 Technology
00:18:49 3.1 Powertrains
00:19:29 3.2 Charging systems
00:20:43 3.3 Modes of operation
00:22:24 3.4 Electric power storage
00:26:01 3.5 Conversions of production vehicles
00:26:58 4 Target market
00:32:43 5 Comparison to non-plug-in hybrids
00:32:54 5.1 Fuel efficiency and petroleum displacement
00:38:05 5.2 Operating costs
00:40:01 5.3 Cost of batteries
00:43:44 5.4 Emissions shifted to electric plants
00:45:45 5.5 Tiered rate structure for electric bills
00:46:35 6 Greenhouse gas emissions
00:48:12 7 Life cycle energy and emissions assessments
00:48:23 7.1 Argonne
00:50:27 7.2 Oak Ridge
00:51:27 7.3 Environmental Protection Agency
00:54:57 7.4 National Bureau of Economic Research
00:57:23 8 Production and sales
00:57:32 8.1 Production models
00:57:53 8.2 Sales and main markets
00:59:38 8.2.1 By country
01:02:09 8.2.2 By model
01:04:26 8.3 Government support and public deployment
01:04:37 8.3.1 Subsidies and economic incentives
01:05:52 8.3.2 Other government support
01:09:32 8.4 Supportive organizations



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SUMMARY
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A plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) is a hybrid electric vehicle whose battery can be recharged by plugging it into an external source of electric power, as well by its on-board engine and generator. Most PHEVs are passenger cars, but there are also PHEV versions of commercial vehicles and vans, utility trucks, buses, trains, motorcycles, scooters, and military vehicles.
Similarly to all-electric vehicles, plug-in hybrids displace emissions from the car tailpipe to the generators powering the electricity grid. These generators may be renewable, or may have lower emission than an internal combustion engine. Charging the battery from the grid can cost less than using the on-board engine, helping to reduce operating cost.
Mass-produced plug-in hybrids were available to the public in China and the United States in 2010. By the end of 2017, there were over 40 models of series-production highway legal plug-in hybrids for retail sales. Plug-in hybrid cars are available mainly in the United States, Canada, Western Europe, Japan, and China. The top-selling models are the Chevrolet Volt family, the Mitsubishi Outlander P-HEV, and the Toyota Prius PHV.As of  December 2017, the global stock of plug-in hybrid cars totaled 1.2 million units, out of over 3 million plug-in electric cars on the world roads at the end of 2017. As of  December 2017, the United States ranked as the world's largest plug-in hybrid car market with a stock of 360,510 units, followed by China with 276,580 vehicles, and Japan with 100,860 units.