Wave nature | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 14/06/2019

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wave%E2%80%93particle_duality


00:02:59 1 History
00:03:09 1.1 Classical particle and wave theories of light
00:05:56 1.2 Black-body radiation and Planck's law
00:10:28 1.3 Photoelectric effect
00:14:43 1.3.1 Einstein's explanation of photoelectric effect
00:17:34 1.4 de Broglie's hypothesis
00:19:33 1.5 Heisenberg's Uncertainty principle
00:22:17 1.6 de Broglie–Bohm theory
00:23:56 2 Wave nature of large objects
00:28:31 3 Importance
00:31:30 4 Visualization
00:32:51 5 Alternative views
00:33:31 5.1 1. Both-particle-and-wave view
00:36:00 5.2 2. Wave-only view
00:39:04 5.3 3. Particle-only view
00:39:48 5.4 4. Neither-wave-nor-particle view
00:41:03 5.5 5. Relational approach to wave–particle duality
00:41:41 6 Uses



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SUMMARY
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Wave–particle duality is the concept in quantum mechanics  that every particle or quantum entity may be partly described in terms not only of particles, but also of waves. It expresses the inability of the classical concepts "particle" or "wave" to fully describe the behaviour of quantum-scale objects. As Albert Einstein wrote:
It seems as though we must use sometimes the one theory and sometimes the other, while at times we may use either. We are faced with a new kind of difficulty. We have two contradictory pictures of reality; separately neither of them fully explains the phenomena of light, but together they do.

Through the work of Max Planck, Albert Einstein, Louis de Broglie, Arthur Compton, Niels Bohr, and many others, current scientific theory holds that all particles exhibit a wave nature and vice versa. This phenomenon has been verified not only for elementary particles, but also for compound particles like atoms and even molecules. For macroscopic particles, because of their extremely short wavelengths, wave properties usually cannot be detected.Although the use of the wave-particle duality has worked well in physics, the meaning or interpretation has not been satisfactorily resolved; see Interpretations of quantum mechanics.
Bohr regarded the "duality paradox" as a fundamental or metaphysical fact of nature. A given kind of quantum object will exhibit sometimes wave, sometimes particle, character, in respectively different physical settings. He saw such duality as one aspect of the concept of complementarity. Bohr regarded renunciation of the cause-effect relation, or complementarity, of the space-time picture, as essential to the quantum mechanical account.Werner Heisenberg considered the question further. He saw the duality as present for all quantic entities, but not quite in the usual quantum mechanical account considered by Bohr. He saw it in what is called second quantization, which generates an entirely new concept of fields that exist in ordinary space-time, causality still being visualizable. Classical field values (e.g. the electric and magnetic field strengths of Maxwell) are replaced by an entirely new kind of field value, as considered in quantum field theory. Turning the reasoning around, ordinary quantum mechanics can be deduced as a specialized consequence of quantum field theory.