Semaphore telegraph | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-10-02

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semaphore_telegraph


00:01:35 1 Etymology and terminology
00:03:03 2 History
00:03:12 2.1 Early designs
00:04:46 2.2 Chappe system
00:05:20 2.2.1 Development
00:07:51 2.2.2 Technical operation
00:10:29 2.3 Other systems
00:11:49 3 Use in various countries
00:12:00 3.1 France
00:14:55 3.2 Sweden
00:16:31 3.3 United Kingdom
00:20:34 3.4 Other countries
00:27:01 4 In popular culture
00:28:52 5 See also



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SUMMARY
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A semaphore telegraph is an early system of conveying information by means of visual signals, using towers with pivoting shutters, also known as blades or paddles. Information is encoded by the position of the mechanical elements; it is read when the shutter is in a fixed position. The most widely used system was invented in 1792 in France by Claude Chappe, and was popular in the late eighteenth to early nineteenth centuries.  Lines of relay towers with a semaphore rig at the top were built within line-of-sight of each other, at separations of 5–20 miles (8.0–32.2 km). Operators at each tower would watch the neighboring tower through a spyglass, and when the semaphore arms began to move spelling out a message, they would pass the message on to the next tower.  This system was much faster than post riders for conveying a message over long distances, and also had cheaper long-term operating costs, once constructed. Semaphore lines were a precursor of the electrical telegraph, which would replace them half a century later, and would also be cheaper, faster, and more private. The line-of-sight distance between relay stations was limited by geography and weather, and prevented the optical telegraph from crossing wide expanses of water, unless a convenient island could be used for a relay station. Modern derivatives of the semaphore system include flag semaphore (a flag relay system) and the heliograph (optical telegraphy using mirror-directed sunlight reflections).