Deme | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2018-12-07

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Deme


00:01:41 1 Cleisthenes' reforms and its modifications
00:01:52 1.1 First period: 508 – 307/306 BC
00:03:20 1.2 Second period: 307/306 – 224/223 BC
00:04:12 1.3 Third period: 224/223 – 201/200 BC
00:04:47 1.4 Fourth period: 201/200 BC – 126/127 AD
00:05:40 1.5 Fifth period: 126/127 – third century
00:06:14 2 Representation in the Boule
00:07:19 3 Spurious and Late Roman demes
00:07:59 4 Homonymous and divided demes
00:10:38 5 List of Athenian demes according to tribes/phylai (φυλαί)
00:10:50 5.1 The ten Cleisthenic tribes
00:11:20 5.2 The Macedonian tribes
00:11:33 5.3 The later tribes
00:11:46 6 The ten tribes of Thurii
00:12:22 7 Later usage



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SUMMARY
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In Ancient Greece, a deme or demos (Greek: δῆμος) was a suburb of Athens or a subdivision of Attica, the region of Greece surrounding Athens.  Demes as simple subdivisions of land in the countryside seem to have existed in the 6th century BC and earlier, but did not acquire particular significance until the reforms of Cleisthenes in 508 BC.  In those reforms, enrollment in the citizen-lists of a deme became the requirement for citizenship; prior to that time, citizenship had been based on membership in a phratry, or family group.  At this same time, demes were established in the city of Athens itself, where they had not previously existed; in all, at the end of Cleisthenes' reforms, Attica was divided into 139 demes to which one should add Berenikidai, established in 224/223 BC, Apollonieis (201/200 BC) and Antinoeis (126/127).  The establishment of demes as the fundamental units of the state weakened the gene, or aristocratic family groups, that had dominated the phratries.A deme functioned to some degree as a polis in miniature, and indeed some demes, such as Eleusis and Acharnae, were in fact significant towns. Each deme had a demarchos who supervised its affairs; various other civil, religious, and military functionaries existed in various demes. Demes held their own religious festivals and collected and spent revenue.Demes were combined with other demes from the same area to make trittyes, larger population groups, which in turn were combined to form the ten tribes, or phylai of Athens. Each tribe contained one trittys from each of three regions: the city, the coast, and the inland area.