Ancient Egypt the Middle Kingdom with Pyramids (2040-1782 BC) | History of God ep11
Channel: Christian Perspective
Date: 2021-03-14

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This is the 11th episode in a series about the bible and history called the History of God. 

In this video I go through the fall of the Old Kingdom  of ancient Egypt and the Pharaoh's of Middle Kingdom Egypt with their Pyramids and the Hyksos, who took power over North Egypt during the latter part of the Second Intermediate Period.
I go over a timeline comparison between Sumeria, Egypt and the Hittites. The Middle Kingdom of Egypt took place during the Ur the Isin and the Old Babylon dynasties of Mesopotamia. 
Here is a list of the Pharaoh's named in this video. 
Pepi II (2269-2175) The last Pharaoh of the Old Kingdom. Longest ruling Pharaoh in history 94 years.
Ist Intermediate Period (2181 - 2040)
7th to 10th dynasty - a transition of the seat of power from Memphis to Herakleopolis. The 9th and 10th are known as the Herakleoplian dynasties.
11th Dynasty
Intef II (-2060) He was governor of Thebes
Mentuhotep I (2060-2010) He united the people of Thebes into a kingdom
Mentuhotep II (2010-1998) He subjugated Herakleopolis and Memphis beginning 
The Middle Kingdom. Coincides with the fall of Ur and rise of Isin dynasty in Mesopotamia.
Pyramids were smaller than Old Kingdom pyramids. Pharaoh now shared power with the underworld according to Osiris cult. Mentuhotep II secured Oasis outposts in western desert. 
Mentuhotep III (1997-1991) Military excursion into Wadi Hamamat had a trading outpost on the Red sea.
Mentuhotep IV Sent his general Amenemhat to the Wadi Hamamat to find a stone for a lid of his tomb.
12th Dynasty
Amenemhet I (1991-1971) Patron god was Amen. He warred with the Nubians, famous warriors of ancient times. Began measuring water levels in Nile river. Art and literature increased during his reign. He introduced co-regency with his son. Co-ruled for 10 years with his son.
Was killed in a coup while his son was away at war.
Senuseret I (1971-1929)
Fought against the Libyans in the Western desert when he rushed back to put down a coup in the palace which killed his father. Two famous scripts survive from his rule. He restored the Old Kingdom temple at Heliopolis where he erected 2 66 foot obelisks, one is still standing. He fortified the fortresses between the 1st and 2nd cataract. The built the temple to Amun at Karnak, the first of 30 pharaohs to build there.
Amenemhet II (1929-1897) He traded with the Mycenaean, Minoan, Byblos and Lebanon on the Mediterranean sea.  He also dredged the canal to the Fayum.
Senuseret II (1897-1878) He continued dredging the canal to the Fayum. 
Senuseret III (1878-1841) The greatest king of the 12th dynasty. Known for his natural solemn face. He fortified the fortresses between the 1st and 2nd cataract against the Nubian kingdom of Kerma. He set up a stele on the border of Nubia. He built a summer palace at Avaris. He is the most likely candidate to be the Pharaoh who co-ruled with Joseph.
Amenemhet III (1841-1797) He is also know for his solemn look. He made numerous expeditions to the turquoise mines in Sinai. The location where the earliest alphabet structures related to Greek and Latin are found. He built 2 pyramids, the first one collapsed during construction but the second one is an excellent example with a labyrinth in the courtyard.
Amenemhet IV (1798-1786) He strengthened Mediterranean sea trade. He made expeditions into Libya. His reign coincides with the beginning of the reign of Hammurabi in Old Babylon.
during this time the Hyksos began migrating into Egypt.
Sobeknefru (1785-1782) She was the wife of Amenemhet IV and took over when he died, she reigned for 3 years and died, bringing the 12th dynasty to an end. 
2nd Intermediate Period (1782 - 1570)
13th and 15th Dynasty 
After the death of Sobeknefru the 12th dynasty ended plunging Egypt into the second intermediate period of the 13th dynasty, a list of unrelated Pharaohs chosen by someone to run the business of Thebes while the Hyksos (1720-1555) began encroaching more and more until they took over the Northern half of Egypt. They are the 15th dynasty who were people from the land of Canaan or the Sinai peninsula who had superior weapons than the Egyptians and ruled over them for almost 200 years until the Egyptians of Thebes during the 17th and 18th dynasties of Egypt kicked the Hyksos out and restored all of Egypt to the Egyptian Pharaoh's.
I also discuss the effect on trade between the Hyksos and Old Babylon on Hattusilis (1650-1620) the Hittite, prompting him to desire the control of Aleppo.