Supersymmetry | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 08/12/2018

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Supersymmetry


00:03:57 1 Motivations
00:04:16 1.1 The hierarchy problem
00:05:03 1.2 Gauge coupling unification
00:05:40 1.3 Dark matter
00:06:01 1.4 Other technical motivations
00:07:17 2 History
00:07:25 2.1 Origination
00:08:24 2.2 Quantum Field Theory
00:09:21 2.3 Supersymmetric Field Theory
00:10:23 3 Applications
00:10:32 3.1 Extension of possible symmetry groups
00:11:42 3.1.1 The supersymmetry algebra
00:13:53 3.2 The Supersymmetric Standard Model
00:16:25 3.2.1 Gauge-coupling unification
00:17:04 3.3 Supersymmetric quantum mechanics
00:18:29 3.4 Supersymmetry in condensed matter physics
00:19:21 3.5 Supersymmetry in optics
00:20:15 3.6 Supersymmetry in dynamical systems
00:22:00 3.7 Supersymmetry in mathematics
00:22:45 3.8 Supersymmetry in quantum gravity
00:23:50 4 General supersymmetry
00:24:11 4.1 Extended supersymmetry
00:26:39 4.2 Supersymmetry in alternate numbers of dimensions
00:27:16 4.3 Fractional supersymmetry
00:27:53 5 Current status



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SUMMARY
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In particle physics, supersymmetry (SUSY) is a principle that proposes a relationship between two basic classes of elementary particles: bosons, which have an integer-valued spin, and fermions, which have a half-integer spin. A type of spacetime symmetry, supersymmetry is a possible candidate for undiscovered particle physics, and seen as an elegant solution to many current problems in particle physics if confirmed correct, which could resolve various areas where current theories are believed to be incomplete. A supersymmetrical extension to the Standard Model would resolve major hierarchy problems within gauge theory, by guaranteeing that quadratic divergences of all orders will cancel out in perturbation theory.
In supersymmetry, each particle from one group would have an associated particle in the other, which is known as its superpartner, the spin of which differs by a half-integer. These superpartners would be new and undiscovered particles. For example, there would be a particle called a "selectron" (superpartner electron), a bosonic partner of the electron. In the simplest supersymmetry theories, with perfectly "unbroken" supersymmetry, each pair of superpartners would share the same mass and internal quantum numbers besides spin. Since we expect to find these "superpartners" using present-day equipment, if supersymmetry exists then it consists of a spontaneously broken symmetry allowing superpartners to differ in mass. Spontaneously-broken supersymmetry could solve many mysterious problems in particle physics including the hierarchy problem.
There is no evidence at this time to show whether or not supersymmetry is correct, or what other extensions to current models might be more accurate. In part this is because it is only since around 2010 that particle accelerators specifically designed to study physics beyond the Standard Model have become operational, and because it is not yet known where exactly to look nor the energies required for a successful search. 
The main reasons for supersymmetry being supported by physicists is that the current theories are known to be incomplete and their limitations are well established, and supersymmetry would be an attractive solution to some of the major concerns. Direct confirmation would entail production of superpartners in collider experiments, such as the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The first runs of the LHC found no previously-unknown particles other than the Higgs boson which was already suspected to exist as part of the Standard Model, and therefore no evidence for supersymmetry. Indirect methods include the search for a permanent electric dipole moment (EDM) in the known Standard Model particles, which can arise when the Standard Model particle interacts with the supersymmetric particles. The current best constraint on the electron electric dipole moment put it to be smaller than 10-28 e·cm, equivalent to a sensitivity to new physics at the TeV scale and matching th ...