Physical torture | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-05-05

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torture


00:02:35 1 Definitions
00:02:43 1.1 International level
00:02:51 1.1.1 UN Convention Against Torture
00:04:42 1.1.2 Declaration of Tokyo
00:05:20 1.1.3 Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court
00:06:09 1.1.4 Inter-American Convention to Prevent and Punish Torture
00:07:12 1.1.5 Amnesty International
00:07:38 1.2 Municipal level
00:07:46 1.2.1 United States
00:07:54 1.2.1.1 U.S. Code § 2340
00:09:44 1.2.1.2 Torture Victim Protection Act of 1991
00:11:20 2 History
00:13:53 2.1 Antiquity
00:14:39 2.2 Middle Ages
00:17:07 2.3 Early modern period
00:22:13 2.4 Methods of torture
00:24:17 2.5 Since 1948
00:29:48 2.6 Historical methods of execution and capital punishment
00:32:16 2.7 Etymology
00:32:58 3 Religious perspectives
00:33:07 3.1 Roman Catholic Church
00:37:13 3.2 Sharia law
00:37:41 3.3 In Judaism
00:38:30 4 Laws against torture
00:39:11 4.1 United Nations Convention Against Torture
00:42:32 4.2 Optional Protocol to the UN Convention Against Torture
00:43:19 4.3 UN Special Rapporteur on Torture
00:43:53 4.4 Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court
00:45:25 4.5 Geneva Conventions
00:50:21 4.5.1 Geneva Convention IV exemptions
00:52:11 4.5.2 Additional Protocols to the Geneva Conventions
00:54:35 4.6 Other conventions
00:57:15 4.7 Supervision of anti-torture treaties
00:58:48 4.8 Municipal law
01:00:53 4.9 Exclusion of evidence obtained under torture
01:01:03 4.9.1 International law
01:02:28 4.9.2 Within national borders
01:02:51 4.9.2.1 United Kingdom
01:05:22 4.9.2.2 United States
01:07:29 5 Aspects
01:07:37 5.1 Ethical arguments
01:14:46 5.2 Effectiveness
01:15:38 5.3 Rejection
01:16:06 5.4 Secrecy
01:17:28 6 Methods and devices
01:19:28 7 Murder
01:20:01 8 Effects
01:23:10 9 Rehabilitation
01:24:28 9.1 Rehabilitation of secondary survivors
01:25:00 9.2 Broken societies
01:25:44 10 See also
01:26:50 11 Notes
01:26:58 11.1 Footnotes
01:27:06 11.2 Citations
01:27:14 12 Further reading
01:27:23 12.1 Books



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SUMMARY
=======
Torture (from Latin tortus: to twist, to torment) is the act of deliberately inflicting severe physical or psychological suffering on someone by another as a punishment or in order to fulfill some desire of the torturer or force some action from the victim. Torture, by definition, is a knowing and intentional act; deeds which unknowingly or negligently inflict suffering or pain, without a specific intent to do so, are not typically considered torture.Torture has been carried out or sanctioned by individuals, groups, and states throughout history from ancient times to modern day, and forms of torture can vary greatly in duration from only a few minutes to several days or longer. Reasons for torture can include punishment, revenge, extortion, persuasion, political re-education, deterrence, coercion of the victim or a third party, interrogation to extract information or a confession irrespective of whether it is false, or simply the sadistic gratification of those carrying out or observing the torture. Alternatively, some forms of torture are designed to inflict psychological pain or leave as little physical injury or evidence as possible while achieving the same psychological devastation. The torturer may or may not kill or injure the victim, but torture may result in a deliberate death and serves as a form of capital punishment. Depending on the aim, even a form of torture that is intentionally fatal may be prolonged to allow the victim to suffer as long as possible (such as half-hanging). In other cases, the torturer may be indifferent to the condition of the victim.
Although torture is sanctioned by some states, it is prohibited under international law and the domestic laws of most countries. Although widely illegal and reviled, there is an ongoing debate as t ...