The Heliocentric Model
Channel: Astronomy with Mr Guerin
Date: 2019-07-26

Why do the Sun, Moon and planets move in the sky? What did the earliest astronomers think, and how did we develop our knowledge through the centuries? Watch this video to learn about everybody from Plato to Newton, with all the history you need for EdExcel's Astronomy GCSE.

Download the slideshow (no Stellarium videos):
https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1v7n69srfzFmgYxF9Vct6FKp3r_ZRqFjx

Khan Academy lesson on logarithmic scales (11 minutes):
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sBhEi4L91Sg

Download Stellarium:
https://stellarium.org


Image credits:

Planets in 816AD, unknown, wikimedia, public domain
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Aratea_93v.jpg

Great Pyramids, KennyOMG, wikimedia, CC BY-SA 4.0
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pyramids_of_the_Giza_Necropolis.jpg

Stonehenge, Wigulf~commonswiki, wikimedia, CC BY-SA 3.0
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Stonehenge.jpg

Aztec calendar stone, Rob Young, wikimedia, CC BY 2.0
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Aztec_Calendar_Stone_(8263450477).jpg

Spinning top, LucasVB, wikimedia, public domain
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gyroscope_precession.gif

Bust of Plato, Marie-Lan Nguyen, wikimedia, CC-BY 2.5
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Plato_Silanion_Musei_Capitolini_MC1377.jpg

Geocentric celestial spheres, Peter Apian, Cosmographia, public domain
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ptolemaicsystem-small.png

Sketch of Ptolemy, unknown, wikimedia, public domain
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:PSM_V78_D326_Ptolemy.png

Ptolemaic deferent and epicycle, Fastfission~commonswiki, wikimedia, public domain
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ptolemaic_elements.svg

Antikythera mechanism, Marsyas, wikimedia, CC BY-SA 3.0
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:NAMA_Machine_d%27Anticyth%C3%A8re_1.jpg

Portrait of Copernicus, unknown, wikimedia, public domain
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nikolaus_Kopernikus.jpg

Copernican epicycle - Mr Guerin

Mars retrograde, Frog23, wikimedia, CC BY-SA 3.0
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mars_Loop.gif

Portrait of Tycho Brahe, Eduard Ender, wikimedia, public domain
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tycho_Brahe.JPG

Tychonian system, Fastfission~commonswiki, wikimedia, public domain
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tychonian_system.svg

Portrait of Kepler, unknown, wikimedia, public domain
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Johannes_Kepler_1610.jpg

Complexity of epicycles, James Ferguson, wikimedia, public domain
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cassini_apparent.jpg

Elliptical orbits - Mr Guerin

Portrait of Galileo, Justus Sustermans, wikimedia, public domain
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Justus_Sustermans_-_Portrait_of_Galileo_Galilei,_1636.jpg

Galileo's telescope, Sailko, wikimedia, CC BY-SA 3.0
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Galileo_galilei,_telescopi_del_1609-10_ca..JPG

Kepler's supernova, NASA, wikipedia, public domain
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kepler%27s_Supernova#/media/File:Keplers_supernova.jpg

Sunspots, NASA Goddard Photo and Video, wikimedia, CC BY 2.0
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Solar_Archipelago_-_Flickr_-_NASA_Goddard_Photo_and_Video.jpg

Apennine mountains, NASA, wikimedia, public domain
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Montes_Apenninus_(LRO).png

Phases of Venus, Statis Kalyvas - VT-2004 programme, wikimedia, permission to reproduce
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Phases_Venus.jpg

Phases of Venus, Nichalp, wikimedia, public domain
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Phases-of-Venus.svg

Galilean moons, NASA/JPL/DLR, public domain
https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/spaceimages/details.php?id=PIA01299

Portrait of Pope Urban VIII, Caravaggio, wikimedia, public domain
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Caravaggio_Maffeo_Barberini.jpg

Portrait of Isaac Newton, Sir Godfrey Kneller, wikimedia, public domain
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:GodfreyKneller-IsaacNewton-1689.jpg

Kepler's first law, Rubber Duck, wikimedia, CC BY-SA 3.0
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kepler-first-law.svg

Kepler's second law, MikeRun, wikimedia, CC BY-SA 4.0
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Second_law_of_Kepler.svg

Keplerian motion, WillowW, wikimedia, CC BY 3.0
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Classical_Kepler_orbit_80frames_e0.6_smaller.gif

The Solar System, Beinahegut, wikipedia, CC BY-SA 4.0
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Solar-System.pdf