Constitution of the United States | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2018-12-05

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Constitution of the United States


00:02:23 1 Background
00:02:31 1.1 First government
00:03:51 1.2 Articles of Confederation
00:08:54 2 History
00:09:02 2.1 1787 drafting
00:14:30 2.2 1788 ratification
00:17:50 3 Influences
00:21:33 4 Original frame
00:22:09 4.1 Preamble
00:23:12 4.2 Article One
00:25:49 4.3 Article Two
00:27:33 4.4 Article Three
00:32:22 4.5 Article Four
00:33:49 4.6 Article Five
00:37:35 4.7 Article Six
00:38:34 4.8 Article Seven
00:39:34 4.9 Closing endorsement
00:41:57 5 Ratified amendments
00:43:46 5.1 Safeguards of liberty (Amendments 1, 2, and 3)
00:45:59 5.2 Safeguards of justice (Amendments 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8)
00:49:30 5.3 Unenumerated rights and reserved powers (Amendments 9 and 10)
00:51:25 5.4 Governmental authority (Amendments 11, 16, 18, and 21)
00:53:54 5.5 Safeguards of civil rights (Amendments 13, 14, 15, 19, 23, 24, and 26)
00:57:26 5.6 Government processes and procedures (Amendments 12, 17, 20, 22, 25, and 27)
01:01:02 6 Unratified amendments
01:01:58 6.1 Still pending
01:05:51 6.2 No longer pending
01:07:40 7 Judicial review
01:09:18 7.1 Scope and theory
01:12:55 7.2 Establishment
01:15:36 7.2.1 Self-restraint
01:17:15 7.2.2 Separation of powers
01:20:22 7.3 Subsequent Courts
01:25:03 8 Civic religion
01:26:26 9 Worldwide influence
01:27:29 10 Criticisms
01:28:27 11 See also



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- Socrates



SUMMARY
=======
The United States Constitution is the supreme law of the United States. The Constitution, originally comprising seven articles, delineates the national frame of government. Its first three articles embody the doctrine of the separation of powers, whereby the federal government is divided into three branches: the legislative, consisting of the bicameral Congress; the executive, consisting of the President; and the judicial, consisting of the Supreme Court and other federal courts. Articles Four, Five and Six embody concepts of federalism, describing the rights and responsibilities of state governments, the states in relationship to the federal government, and the shared process of constitutional amendment. Article Seven establishes the procedure subsequently used by the thirteen States to ratify it. It is regarded as the oldest written and codified national constitution in force.Since the Constitution came into force in 1789, it has been amended 27 times, including an amendment to repeal a previous one, in order to meet the changing needs of a nation that has profoundly changed since the eighteenth century. In general, the first ten amendments, known collectively as the Bill of Rights, offer specific protections of individual liberty and justice and place restrictions on the powers of government. The majority of the seventeen later amendments expand individual civil rights protections. Others address issues related to federal authority or modify government processes and procedures. Amendments to the United States Constitution, unlike ones made to many constitutions worldwide, are appended to the document. All four pages of the original U.S. Constitution are written on parchment.According to the United States Senate: "The Constitution's first three words—We the People—affirm that the government of the United States exists to serve its citizens. For over two centuries the Constitution has remained in force because its framers wisely separated and balanced governmental powers to safeguard the interests of majority rule and minority rights, of liberty and equality, and of the federal and state governments."The first permanent constitution of its kind, adopted by the people's representatives for an expansive nation, it is interpreted, supplemented, and implemented by a large body of constitutional law, and has influenced the constitutions of other nations.