Cation | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 08/12/2018

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Cation


00:01:13 1 History of discovery
00:02:40 2 Characteristics
00:04:16 2.1 Anions and cations
00:05:58 2.2 Natural occurrences
00:06:46 3 Related technology
00:07:48 3.1 Detection of ionizing radiation
00:08:45 4 Chemistry
00:08:54 4.1 Notation
00:09:02 4.1.1 Denoting the charged state
00:10:34 4.1.2 Sub-classes
00:11:12 4.2 Formation
00:11:21 4.2.1 Formation of monatomic ions
00:13:24 4.2.2 Formation of polyatomic and molecular ions
00:14:37 4.2.3 Ionization potential
00:16:03 4.3 Ionic bonding
00:17:46 4.4 Common ions



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SUMMARY
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An ion () is an atom or molecule that has a non-zero net electrical charge. Since the charge of the electron (considered "negative" by convention) is equal and opposite to that of the proton (considered "positive" by convention), the net charge of an ion is non-zero due to its total number of electrons being unequal to its total number of protons.  A cation is a positively charged ion, with fewer electrons than protons, while an anion is negatively charged, with more electrons than protons. Because of their opposite electric currents, cations and anions attract each other and readily form ionic compounds. 
Ions consisting of only a single atom are termed atomic or monatomic ions, while two or more atoms form molecular ions or polyatomic ions. In the case of physical ionization in a medium, such as a gas,  "ion pairs" are created by ion collisions, where each generated pair consists of a free electron and a positive ion. Ions are also created by chemical interactions, such as the dissolution of a salt in liquids, or by other means, such as passing a direct current through a conducting solution, dissolving an anode via ionization.