Electrical ground | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 28/06/2019

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ground_(electricity)


00:02:44 1 History
00:04:07 2 Radio communications
00:06:03 3 Building wiring installations
00:10:13 3.1 Earthing systems
00:11:14 3.2 Impedance grounding
00:13:55 3.3 Ungrounded systems
00:14:59 4 Power transmission
00:16:45 5 Electronics
00:17:38 5.1 Circuit ground versus earth
00:18:23 5.2 Functional grounds
00:19:18 5.3 Separating low signal ground from a noisy ground
00:20:49 6 Lightning protection systems
00:21:33 7 Bonding
00:22:10 8 Ground (earth) mat
00:24:30 9 Isolation
00:27:50 10 See also



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SUMMARY
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In electrical engineering, ground or earth is the reference point in an electrical circuit from which voltages are measured, a common return path for electric current, or a direct physical connection to the earth.
Electrical circuits may be connected to ground (earth) for several reasons. Exposed metal parts of electrical equipment are connected to ground, so that failures of internal insulation will trigger protective mechanisms such as fuses or circuit breakers in the circuit to remove power from the device. This ensures that exposed parts can never have a dangerous voltage with respect to ground, which could cause an electric shock if a grounded person touched them. In electric power distribution systems, a protective earth (PE) conductor is an essential part of the safety provided by the earthing system.
Connection to ground also limits the build-up of static electricity when handling flammable products or electrostatic-sensitive devices. In some telegraph and power transmission circuits, the earth itself can be used as one conductor of the circuit, saving the cost of installing a separate return conductor (see single-wire earth return).
For measurement purposes, the Earth serves as a (reasonably) constant potential reference against which other potentials can be measured. An electrical ground system should have an appropriate current-carrying capability to serve as an adequate zero-voltage reference level. In electronic circuit theory, a "ground" is usually idealized as an infinite source or sink for charge, which can absorb an unlimited amount of current without changing its potential. Where a real ground connection has a significant resistance, the approximation of zero potential is no longer valid. Stray voltages or earth potential rise effects will occur, which may create noise in signals or if large enough will produce an electric shock hazard.
The use of the term ground (or earth) is so common in electrical and electronics applications that circuits in portable electronic devices such as cell phones and media players as well as circuits in vehicles may be spoken of as having a "ground" connection without any actual connection to the Earth, despite "common" being a more appropriate term for such a connection. This is usually a large conductor attached to one side of the power supply (such as the "ground plane" on a printed circuit board) which serves as the common return path for current from many different components in the circuit.