Pharmaceutical industry | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 02/01/2019

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharmaceutical_industry


00:00:34 1 History
00:00:43 1.1 Mid-1800s – 1945: From botanicals to the first synthetic drugs
00:02:05 1.1.1 Epinephrine, norepinephrine, and amphetamine
00:04:56 1.1.2 Discovery and development of the barbiturates
00:06:28 1.1.3 Insulin
00:08:17 1.1.4 Early anti-infective research: Salvarsan, Prontosil, Penicillin and vaccines
00:12:43 1.1.5 Unsafe drugs and early industry regulation
00:15:10 1.2 The post-war years, 1945–1970
00:15:23 1.2.1 Further advances in anti-infective research
00:19:46 1.2.2 Development and marketing of antihypertensive drugs
00:22:43 1.2.3 Oral Contraceptives
00:24:12 1.2.4 Thalidomide and the Kefauver-Harris Amendments
00:26:54 1.3 1970–1980s
00:27:05 1.3.1 Statins
00:29:11 2 Research and development
00:31:18 2.1 The cost of innovation
00:34:38 2.2 Controversies
00:37:29 3 Product approval
00:40:41 3.1 Orphan drugs
00:41:32 4 Global sales
00:43:15 4.1 Patents and generics
00:44:42 4.2 Prescriptions
00:45:19 5 Marketing
00:46:13 5.1 To healthcare professionals
00:46:45 5.2 Direct to consumer advertising
00:47:14 6 Controversy about drug marketing and lobbying
00:50:50 6.1 Regulatory issues
00:52:22 6.2 Pharmaceutical fraud
00:55:24 7 Developing world
00:55:34 7.1 Patents
00:58:03 7.2 Charitable programs
01:00:00 8 See also



Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.

Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain

Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.

Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:
https://assistant.google.com/services/invoke/uid/0000001a130b3f91
Other Wikipedia audio articles at:
https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=wikipedia+tts
Upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
https://github.com/nodef/wikipedia-tts
Speaking Rate: 0.8274510306144893
Voice name: en-GB-Wavenet-A


"I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think."
- Socrates


SUMMARY
=======
The pharmaceutical industry discovers, develops, produces, and markets drugs or pharmaceutical drugs for use as medications to be administered (or self-administered) to patients to cure them, vaccinate them, or alleviate a symptom.  Pharmaceutical companies may deal in generic or brand medications and medical devices. They are subject to a variety of laws and regulations that govern the patenting, testing, safety, efficacy and marketing of drugs.