Friction | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 24/12/2018

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friction


00:02:27 1 History
00:06:31 2 Laws of dry friction
00:07:07 3 Dry friction
00:09:57 3.1 Normal force
00:11:40 3.2 Coefficient of friction
00:15:57 3.2.1 Approximate coefficients of friction
00:16:22 3.3 Static friction
00:19:15 3.4 Kinetic friction
00:21:08 3.5 Angle of friction
00:21:55 3.6 Friction at the atomic level
00:22:31 3.7 Limitations of the Coulomb model
00:24:08 3.7.1 "Negative" coefficient of friction
00:24:49 3.8 Numerical simulation of the Coulomb model
00:25:34 3.9 Dry friction and instabilities
00:27:07 4 Fluid friction
00:27:58 5 Lubricated friction
00:28:52 6 Skin friction
00:29:36 7 Internal friction
00:30:40 8 Radiation friction
00:31:34 9 Other types of friction
00:31:44 9.1 Rolling resistance
00:32:23 9.2 Braking friction
00:32:54 9.3 Triboelectric effect
00:33:19 9.4 Belt friction
00:34:05 10 Reducing friction
00:34:15 10.1 Devices
00:34:55 10.2 Lubricants
00:36:06 11 Energy of friction
00:38:44 11.1 Work of friction
00:40:18 12 Applications
00:40:32 12.1 Transportation
00:41:36 12.2 Measurement
00:41:54 12.3 Household usage



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SUMMARY
=======
Friction is the force resisting the relative motion of solid surfaces, fluid layers, and material elements sliding against each other. There are several types of friction:

Dry friction is a force that opposes the relative lateral motion of two solid surfaces in contact. Dry friction is subdivided into static friction ("stiction") between non-moving surfaces, and kinetic friction between moving surfaces. With the exception of atomic or molecular friction, dry friction generally arises from the interaction of surface features, known as asperities
Fluid friction describes the friction between layers of a viscous fluid that are moving relative to each other.Lubricated friction is a case of fluid friction where a lubricant fluid separates two solid surfaces.Skin friction is a component of drag, the force resisting the motion of a fluid across the surface of a body.
Internal friction is the force resisting motion between the elements making up a solid material while it undergoes deformation.When surfaces in contact move relative to each other, the friction between the two surfaces converts kinetic energy into thermal energy (that is, it converts work to heat). This property can have dramatic consequences, as illustrated by the use of friction created by rubbing pieces of wood together to start a fire. Kinetic energy is converted to thermal energy whenever motion with friction occurs, for example when a viscous fluid is stirred. Another important consequence of many types of friction can be wear, which may lead to performance degradation or damage to components. Friction is a component of the science of tribology.
Friction is desirable and important in supplying traction to facilitate motion on land. Most land vehicles rely on friction for acceleration, deceleration and changing direction. Sudden reductions in traction can cause loss of control and accidents.
Friction is not itself a fundamental force. Dry friction arises from a combination of inter-surface adhesion, surface roughness, surface deformation, and surface contamination. The complexity of these interactions makes the calculation of friction from first principles  impractical and necessitates the use of empirical methods for analysis and the development of theory.
Friction is a non-conservative force - work done against friction is path dependent. In the presence of friction, some energy is always lost in the form of heat. Thus mechanical energy is not conserved.