Hamilton Fish | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 04/12/2018

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Hamilton Fish


00:04:35 1 Early life, education, and career
00:06:10 2 Marriage and family
00:06:43 3 New York political career
00:06:53 3.1 U.S. Representative
00:07:40 3.2 Lieutenant Governor
00:08:36 3.3 Governor
00:09:58 3.4 U.S. Senator
00:13:10 4 American Civil War
00:13:44 5 U.S. Secretary of State
00:14:51 5.1 Reformed U.S. State Department 1869
00:14:54 5.2 Cuban belligerency and insurrection 1869–1870
00:15:58 5.3 Dominican Republic annexation treaty 1869–1870
00:16:04 5.4 Colombian inter-oceanic canal treaty 1870
00:17:30 5.5 Treaty of Washington 1871
00:17:44 5.6 South American détente and armistice 1871
00:19:06 5.7 Korean expedition and conflict 1871
00:19:20 5.8 iVirginius/i affair 1873
00:22:05 5.9 Hawaiian reciprocal trade treaty 1875
00:22:17 5.10 Liberian-Grebo war 1876
00:22:50 5.11 Republican convention 1876
00:25:44 5.12 Nicaragua inter-oceanic canal negotiations 1877
00:26:50 6 Later life and health
00:30:19 7 Death, funeral, and burial
00:32:45 8 Historical reputation
00:33:19 9 Society of Cincinnati
00:34:05 10 Notable descendants
00:34:58 11 References
00:35:33 12 Sources
00:36:13 12.1 Books
00:37:08 12.2 Journals and newspapers
00:38:37 12.2.1 American Heritage
00:39:30 12.2.2 New York Times



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SUMMARY
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Hamilton Fish (August 3, 1808 – September 7, 1893) was an American politician who served as the 16th Governor of New York from 1849 to 1850, a United States Senator from New York from 1851 to 1857 and the 26th United States Secretary of State from 1869 to 1877. Fish is recognized as the "pillar" of the presidency of Ulysses S. Grant and considered one of the best U.S. Secretaries of State by scholars, known for his judiciousness and efforts towards reform and diplomatic moderation.  Fish settled the controversial Alabama Claims with Great Britain through his development of the concept of international arbitration. Fish kept the United States out of war with Spain over Cuban independence by coolly handling the volatile Virginius Incident.  In 1875, Fish initiated the process that would ultimately lead to Hawaiian statehood, by having negotiated a reciprocal trade treaty for the island nation's sugar production.  He also organized a peace conference and treaty in Washington D.C. between South American countries and Spain. Fish worked with James Milton Turner, America's first African American consul, to settle the Liberian-Grebo war. President Grant said he trusted Fish the most for political advice.Fish came from both prominence and wealth, his family being of Dutch Americans heritage long-established in New York City. He attended Columbia College, and later passed the bar.  Initially working as New York's commissioner of deeds, he ran unsuccessfully for New York State Assembly as a Whig candidate in 1834.  After marrying, he returned to politics and was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives in 1843.  Fish ran for New York's Lieutenant Governor in 1846, falling to a Democratic Anti-Rent Party contender.  When the office was vacated in 1847, Fish ran and was elected to the position.  In 1848 he ran and was elected Governor of New York, serving one term. In 1851, he was elected U.S. Senator for the state of New York, serving one term. Fish gained valuable experience serving on the U.S. Senate Committee on Foreign Relations. During the 1850s he became a Republican after the Whig party dissolved. In terms of the slavery issue, Fish was a moderate, having disapproved of the Kansas–Nebraska Act and the expansion of slavery.
After traveling to Europe, Fish returned to America and supported Abraham Lincoln as the Republican candidate for President in 1860.  During the American Civil War, Fish raised money for the Union war effort and served on Lincoln's presidential commission that made successful arrangements for Union and Confederate troop prisoner exchanges.  Fish returned to his law practice after the Civil War, and was thought to have retired from p ...