Civil union | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2018-12-04

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Civil union


00:01:54 1 Overview and terminology
00:06:08 2 List of jurisdictions recognizing same-sex unions
00:06:36 2.1 Africa
00:06:44 2.2 Americas
00:06:52 2.3 Asia
00:07:01 2.4 Europe
00:07:09 2.5 Oceania
00:07:17 3 Case studies
00:07:26 3.1 Argentina
00:07:53 3.2 Australia
00:09:03 3.3 Brazil
00:10:35 3.4 Canada
00:11:17 3.5 Colombia
00:12:09 3.6 Costa Rica
00:13:24 3.7 Ecuador
00:13:46 3.8 Europe
00:13:56 3.8.1 Andorra
00:14:03 3.8.2 Croatia
00:14:11 3.8.3 Cyprus
00:14:19 3.8.4 Czech Republic
00:14:27 3.8.5 Denmark
00:15:28 3.8.6 Estonia
00:15:36 3.8.7 France
00:16:37 3.8.8 Germany
00:16:47 3.8.9 Greece
00:17:16 3.8.10 Hungary
00:17:26 3.8.11 Iceland
00:18:04 3.8.12 Italy
00:18:13 3.8.13 Liechtenstein
00:18:24 3.8.14 Netherlands
00:18:46 3.8.15 Poland
00:21:16 3.8.16 Republic of Ireland
00:22:50 3.8.17 San Marino
00:22:58 3.8.18 Slovenia
00:23:06 3.8.19 Switzerland
00:25:12 3.8.20 United Kingdom
00:28:16 3.9 Mexico
00:29:39 3.10 New Zealand
00:30:46 3.11 South  Africa
00:31:10 3.12 United States
00:33:11 3.12.1 Arizona
00:34:27 3.12.2 California
00:35:33 3.12.3 Colorado
00:35:55 3.12.4 Connecticut
00:36:32 3.12.5 Delaware
00:36:57 3.12.6 District of Columbia
00:37:28 3.12.7 Hawaii
00:37:48 3.12.8 Illinois
00:38:42 3.12.9 Maine
00:39:06 3.12.10 New Hampshire
00:39:47 3.12.11 New Jersey
00:40:54 3.12.12 Nevada
00:41:34 3.12.13 Oregon
00:41:52 3.12.14 Rhode Island
00:42:08 3.12.15 Vermont
00:44:01 3.12.16 Washington
00:44:37 3.13 Uruguay
00:44:51 3.14 Venezuela
00:45:03 4 National debates
00:45:12 5 International standards
00:45:39 6 See also



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SUMMARY
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A civil union (also known as a civil partnership) is a legally recognized arrangement similar to marriage, created primarily as a means to provide recognition in law for same-sex couples. Civil unions grant most or all of the rights of marriage except the title itself. Around the world, developed democracies began establishing civil unions in the late 1990s, often developing them from less formal domestic partnerships, which grant only some of the rights of marriage. In the majority of countries that established these unions in laws, they have since been either supplemented or replaced by same-sex marriage. Civil unions are viewed by LGBT rights campaigners as a "first step" towards establishing same-sex marriage, as civil unions are viewed by supporters of LGBT rights as a "separate but equal" or "second class" status. While civil unions are often established for both opposite-sex couples and same-sex couples, in a number of countries they are available to same-sex couples only.
Beginning with Denmark in 1989, civil unions under one name or another have been established by law in several, mostly developed, countries in order to provide legal recognition of relationships formed by unmarried same-sex couples and to afford them rights, benefits, tax breaks, and responsibilities similar or identical to those of legally married couples. In Brazil, civil unions were first created for opposite-sex couples in 2002, and then expanded to include same-sex couples through a supreme court ruling in 2011.
Many jurisdictions with civil unions recognize foreign unions if those are essentially equivalent to their own; for example, the United Kingdom lists equivalent unions in the Civil Partnership Act 2004 Schedule 20. The marriages of same-sex couples performed abroad may be recognized as civil unions in jurisdictions that only have the latter.