Lipid | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: Subhajit Sahu
Date: 2018-12-08

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Lipid


00:01:53 1 History
00:04:00 2 Categories of Lipids
00:04:10 2.1 Fatty acids
00:06:40 2.2 Glycerolipids
00:07:47 2.3 Glycerophospholipids
00:09:22 2.4 Sphingolipids
00:10:37 2.5 Sterol lipids
00:11:51 2.6 Prenol lipids
00:13:03 2.7 Saccharolipids
00:14:00 2.8 Polyketides
00:14:56 3 Biological functions
00:15:05 3.1 Membranes
00:18:08 3.2 Energy storage
00:19:13 3.3 Signaling
00:20:49 3.4 Other functions
00:22:02 4 Metabolism
00:22:30 4.1 Biosynthesis
00:25:07 4.2 Degradation
00:26:16 5 Nutrition and health
00:28:47 6 See also



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SUMMARY
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In biology and biochemistry, a lipid is a biomolecule that is soluble in nonpolar solvents.   Non-polar solvents are typically hydrocarbons used to dissolve other naturally occurring hydrocarbon lipid molecules that do not (or do not easily) dissolve in water, including fatty acids, waxes, sterols, fat-soluble vitamins (such as vitamins A, D, E, and K), monoglycerides, diglycerides, triglycerides, and phospholipids.
The functions of lipids include storing energy, signaling, and acting as structural components of cell membranes. Lipids have applications in the cosmetic and food industries as well as in nanotechnology.Scientists sometimes broadly define lipids as hydrophobic or amphiphilic small molecules; the amphiphilic nature of some lipids allows them to form structures such as vesicles, multilamellar/unilamellar liposomes, or membranes in an aqueous environment. Biological lipids originate entirely or in part from two distinct types of biochemical subunits or "building-blocks": ketoacyl and isoprene groups. Using this approach, lipids may be divided into eight categories: fatty acids, glycerolipids, glycerophospholipids, sphingolipids, saccharolipids, and polyketides (derived from condensation of ketoacyl subunits); and sterol lipids and prenol lipids (derived from condensation of isoprene subunits).Although the term "lipid" is sometimes used as a synonym for fats, fats are a subgroup of lipids called triglycerides. Lipids also encompass molecules such as fatty acids and their derivatives (including tri-, di-, monoglycerides, and phospholipids), as well as other sterol-containing metabolites such as cholesterol. Although humans and other mammals use various biosynthetic pathways both to break down and to synthesize lipids, some essential lipids can't be made this way and must be obtained from the diet.