Relativistic quantum mechanics | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2018-12-24

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relativistic_quantum_mechanics


00:02:37 1 Combining special relativity and quantum mechanics
00:07:34 1.1 Space and time
00:08:23 1.2 Non-relativistic and relativistic Hamiltonians
00:10:10 1.3 The Klein–Gordon and Dirac equations for free particles
00:13:19 1.4 Densities and currents
00:16:32 2 Spin and electromagnetically interacting particles
00:22:13 2.1 Spin 0
00:26:43 2.2 Spin spanspan1
00:28:56 2.3 Helicity and chirality
00:33:25 2.4 Higher spins
00:35:23 3 Velocity operator
00:37:07 4 Relativistic quantum Lagrangians
00:37:19 5 Relativistic quantum angular momentum
00:38:36 5.1 Thomas precession and spin-orbit interactions
00:44:25 6 History
00:46:53 6.1 Relativistic description of particles in quantum phenomena
00:55:28 6.2 Experiments
00:56:40 6.3 Quantum non-locality and relativistic locality
00:59:19 6.4 The Lamb shift
01:00:49 6.5 Development of quantum electrodynamics
01:03:29 7 See also
01:07:04 7.1 Atomic physics and chemistry
01:08:08 7.2 Mathematical physics
01:09:03 7.3 Particle physics and quantum field theory
01:10:32 8 Footnotes
01:11:51 9 References
01:12:28 9.1 Notes
01:12:58 9.2 Selected books



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SUMMARY
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In physics, relativistic quantum mechanics (RQM) is any Poincaré covariant formulation of quantum mechanics (QM). This theory is applicable to massive particles propagating at all velocities up to those comparable to the speed of light c, and can accommodate massless particles. The theory has application in high energy physics, particle physics and accelerator physics, as well as atomic physics, chemistry and condensed matter physics. Non-relativistic quantum mechanics refers to the mathematical formulation of quantum mechanics applied in the context of Galilean relativity, more specifically quantizing the equations of classical mechanics by replacing dynamical variables by operators. Relativistic quantum mechanics (RQM) is quantum mechanics applied with special relativity, but not general relativity. Although the earlier formulations, like the Schrödinger picture and Heisenberg picture were originally formulated in a non-relativistic background, these pictures of quantum mechanics also apply with special relativity.
The relativistic formulation is more successful than the original quantum mechanics in some contexts, in particular: the prediction of antimatter, electron spin, spin magnetic moments of elementary spin 1/2 fermions, fine structure, and quantum dynamics of charged particles in electromagnetic fields. The key result is the Dirac equation, from which these predictions emerge automatically. By contrast, in quantum mechanics, terms have to be introduced artificially into the Hamiltonian operator to achieve agreement with experimental observations.
Nevertheless, RQM is only an approximation to a fully self-consistent relativistic theory of known particle interactions because it does not describe cases where the number of (elementary) particles changes; for example in matter creation and annihilation. By yet another theoretical advance, a more accurate theory that allows for these occurrences and other predictions is relativistic quantum field theory in which particles are interpreted as field quanta (see article for details).
In this article, the equations are written in familiar 3d vector calculus notation and use hats for operators (not necessarily in the literature), and where space and time components can be collected, tensor index notation is shown also (frequently used in the literature), in addition the Einstein summation convention is used. SI units are used here; Gaussian units and natural units are common alternatives. All equations are in the position representation; for the momentum representation the equations have to be Fourier transformed – see position and momentum space.