Forest | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-03-26

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forest


00:01:38 1 Definition
00:04:23 2 Etymology
00:07:41 3 Evolution
00:08:39 4 Ecology
00:10:17 4.1 Components
00:10:53 4.2 Layers
00:12:15 4.3 Types
00:15:21 4.3.1 Temperate needleleaf
00:16:14 4.3.2 Temperate broadleaf and mixed
00:16:59 4.3.3 Tropical moist
00:17:53 4.3.4 Tropical dry
00:18:48 4.3.5 Sparse trees and parkland
00:19:54 4.3.6 Forest plantations
00:20:32 5 Societal significance
00:26:06 5.1 Canada
00:27:40 5.2 Latvia
00:29:02 5.3 United States
00:30:06 6 Land area



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SUMMARY
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A forest is a large area dominated by trees.  Hundreds of more precise definitions of forest are used throughout the world, incorporating factors such as tree density, tree height, land use, legal standing and ecological function. According to the widely used Food and Agriculture Organization definition, forests covered 4 billion hectares (9.9×109 acres) (15 million square miles) or approximately 30 percent of the world's land area in 2006.Forests are the dominant terrestrial ecosystem of Earth, and are distributed around the globe. Forests account for 75% of the gross primary production of the Earth's biosphere, and contain 80% of the Earth's plant biomass. Net primary production is estimated at 21.9 gigatonnes carbon per year for tropical forests, 8.1 for temperate forests, and 2.6 for boreal forests.Forests at different latitudes and elevations form distinctly different ecozones: boreal forests near the poles, tropical forests near the equator and temperate forests at mid-latitudes. Higher elevation areas tend to support forests similar to those at higher latitudes, and amount of precipitation also affects forest composition.
Human society and forests influence each other in both positive and negative ways. Forests provide ecosystem services to humans and serve as tourist attractions. Forests can also affect people's health. Human activities, including harvesting forest resources, can negatively affect forest ecosystems.