Slavery in Britain | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2018-12-05

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Slavery in Britain


00:02:52 1 Before 1066
00:05:10 2 Norman England
00:06:20 3 Transportation
00:10:53 4 Slavery and bondage in Scottish collieries
00:11:47 5 Workhouse slavery
00:12:35 6 Barbary pirates
00:14:58 7 Enslaved Africans
00:17:45 7.1 Triangular trade
00:18:32 7.2 The Isle of Man and the transatlantic slave trade
00:18:55 8 Judicial decisions
00:24:36 9 Abolition
00:26:16 10 Modern evaluations of economic impact
00:27:25 11 See also
00:27:47 12 Footnotes
00:27:56 13 Further reading



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SUMMARY
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Slavery in Great Britain existed and was recognized from before the Roman occupation until the 12th century, when chattel slavery disappeared, at least for a time, after the Norman Conquest. Former slaves merged into the larger body of  serfs in Britain and no longer were recognized separately in law nor custom.From the 17th century into the 19th century, transportation to the colonies as a criminal or an indentured servant served as punishment for both genuine and petty crimes, or for simply being poor and viewed as an 'undesirable', in England and Ireland facilitated by the Transportation Act of 1718  Tens of thousands children and vulnerable adults were kidnapped from Britain and transported by sail ship to the emerging lands of America, as a source of expendable labour for the numerous plantations of the colonies. During the same period, workhouses employed people whose poverty left them no other alternative than to work under forced labour conditions.British merchants were among the largest participants in the Atlantic slave trade.  And British owners living within the home British isles, as well as within its colonies, owned African slaves.  Ship owners transported enslaved West Africans, as well as British natives, to the New World to be sold into slave labour. The ships brought commodities back to Britain then exported goods to Africa. Some brought slaves to Britain, where they were kept in bondage.  After a long campaign for abolition led by William Wilberforce, Parliament prohibited the practice by passing the Slave Trade Act 1807 which was enforced by the Royal Navy's West Africa Squadron. Britain used its influence to persuade other countries around the world to abolish the slave trade and sign treaties to allow the Royal Navy to interdict their ships.Somersett's case in 1772 held that no slave could be forcibly removed from Britain. This case was generally taken at the time to have decided that the condition of slavery did not exist under English law, and emancipated the remaining ten to fourteen thousand slaves or possible slaves in England and Wales, who were mostly domestic servants. However slavery elsewhere in the British Empire was not affected. Joseph Knight's case in 1778 established a similar position in Scots law. Slavery was abolished throughout the British Empire by the Slavery Abolition Act 1833, with exceptions provided for the East India Company, Ceylon, and Saint Helena. These exceptions were eliminated in 1843.The prohibition on slavery and servitude is now codified under Article 4 of the European Convention on Human Rights, in force since 1953 and incorporated directly into United Kingdom law by the Human Rights Act 1998 and into Republic of Ireland law by the European Convention on Human Rights Act 2003. Article 4 of the Convention also bans forced or compulsory labour, with some exceptions such as a criminal penalty or military service.