Evolution of fish | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-05-10

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolution_of_fish


00:02:51 1 Overview
00:05:49 2 Jawless fish
00:08:29 2.1 sup†/supConodonts
00:08:33 2.2 sup†/supOstracoderms
00:08:42 3 Jawed fish
00:09:46 3.1 sup†/supPlacoderms
00:11:48 3.2 sup†/supSpiny sharks
00:13:40 3.3 Cartilaginous fishes
00:13:44 3.4 Bony fishes
00:13:53 3.4.1 Lobe-finned fishes
00:15:00 3.4.2 Ray-finned fishes
00:15:09 4 Timeline
00:15:55 4.1 Pre Devonian: Origin of fish
00:16:05 4.2 Devonian: Age of fishes
00:16:42 4.3 Fish to tetrapods
00:17:36 4.4 Post Devonian
00:21:26 5 Prehistoric fish
00:22:12 6 Living fossils
00:22:21 7 Fossil sites
00:22:31 8 Fossil collections
00:27:32 9 Paleoichthyologists
00:34:58 10 See also
00:36:28 11 References
00:37:11 11.1 Citations
00:37:31 11.2 Bibliography
00:37:44 12 Further reading
00:37:57 13 External links
00:38:19 See also



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SUMMARY
=======
The evolution of fish began about 530 million years ago during the Cambrian explosion. It was during this time that the early chordates developed the skull and the vertebral column, leading to the first craniates and vertebrates. The first fish lineages belong to the Agnatha, or jawless fish. Early examples include Haikouichthys. During the late Cambrian, eel-like jawless fish called the conodonts, and small mostly armoured fish known as ostracoderms, first appeared. Most jawless fish are now extinct; but the extant lampreys may approximate ancient pre-jawed fish. Lampreys belong to the Cyclostomata, which includes the extant hagfish, and this group may have split early on from other agnathans.
The earliest jawed vertebrates probably developed during the late Ordovician period. They are first represented in the fossil record from the Silurian by two groups of fish: the armoured fish known as placoderms, which evolved from the ostracoderms; and the Acanthodii (or spiny sharks). The jawed fish that are still extant in modern days also appeared during the late Silurian: the Chondrichthyes (or cartilaginous fish) and the Osteichthyes (or bony fish). The bony fish evolved into two separate groups: the Actinopterygii (or ray-finned fish) and Sarcopterygii (which includes the lobe-finned fish).
During the Devonian period a great increase in fish variety occurred, especially among the ostracoderms and placoderms, and also among the lobe-finned fish and early sharks. This has led to the Devonian being known as the age of fishes. It was from the lobe-finned fish that the tetrapods evolved, the four-limbed vertebrates, represented today by amphibians, reptiles, mammals, and birds. Transitional tetrapods first appeared during the early Devonian, and by the late Devonian the first tetrapods appeared. The diversity of jawed vertebrates may indicate the evolutionary advantage of a jawed mouth; but it is unclear if the advantage of a hinged jaw is greater biting force, improved respiration, or a combination of factors. Fish do not represent a monophyletic group, but a paraphyletic one, as they exclude the tetrapods.Fish, like many other organisms, have been greatly affected by extinction events throughout natural history. The Ordovician–Silurian extinction events led to the loss of many species. The late Devonian extinction led to the extinction of the ostracoderms and placoderms by the end of the Devonian, as well as other fish. The spiny sharks became extinct at the Permian–Triassic extinction event; the conodonts became extinct at the Triassic–Jurassic extinction event. The Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event, and the present day Holocene extinction, have also affected fish variety and fish stocks.