Meson | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 08/12/2018

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Meson


00:03:30 1 History
00:06:50 2 Overview
00:06:59 2.1 Spin, orbital angular momentum, and total angular momentum
00:07:43 2.2 Parity
00:07:56 2.3 C-parity
00:08:07 2.4 G-parity
00:08:19 2.5 Isospin and charge
00:09:12 2.6 Flavour quantum numbers
00:09:32 3 Classification
00:09:46 3.1 Types of meson
00:09:57 3.2 Nomenclature
00:10:09 3.2.1 Flavourless mesons
00:10:16 3.2.2 Flavoured mesons
00:10:28 4 Exotic mesons
00:10:39 5 List
00:10:54 6 See also
00:12:07 7 Notes
00:12:23 8 References
00:13:31 9 External links
00:13:43 9.1 Recent findings
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SUMMARY
=======
In particle physics, mesons ( or ) are hadronic subatomic particles composed of one quark and one antiquark, bound together by strong interactions. Because mesons are composed of quark subparticles, they have physical size, notably a diameter of roughly one femtometer, which is about 1.2 times the size of a proton or neutron. All mesons are unstable, with the longest-lived lasting for only a few hundredths of a microsecond. Charged mesons decay (sometimes through mediating particles) to form electrons and neutrinos. Uncharged mesons may decay to photons. Both of these decays imply that color is no longer a property of the byproducts.
Outside the nucleus, mesons appear in nature only as short-lived products of very high-energy collisions between particles made of quarks, such as cosmic rays (high-energy protons and neutrons) and ordinary matter. Mesons are also frequently produced artificially in cyclotron in the collisions of protons, antiprotons, or other particles.
Mesons are the associated quantum-field particles that transmit the nuclear force between hadrons that pull those together into a nucleus. Their effect is analogous to photons that are the force carriers that transmit the electromagnetic force of attraction between oppositely charged protons and electrons that allow individual atoms to exist, and further, to pull atoms together into molecules. Higher energy (more massive) mesons were created momentarily in the Big Bang, but are not thought to play a role in nature today. However, such heavy mesons are regularly created in particle accelerator experiments, in order to understand the nature of the heavier types of quark that compose the heavier mesons.
Mesons are part of the hadron particle family, and are defined simply as particles composed of two quarks. The other members of the hadron family are the baryons: subatomic particles composed of three quarks. Some experiments show evidence of exotic mesons, which do not have the conventional valence quark content of one quark and one antiquark.
Because quarks have a spin of ​1⁄2, the difference in quark number between mesons and baryons results in conventional two-quark mesons being bosons, whereas baryons are fermions.
Each type of meson has a corresponding antiparticle (antimeson) in which quarks are replaced by their corresponding antiquarks and vice versa. For example, a positive pion (π+) is made of one up quark and one down antiquark; and its corresponding antiparticle, the negative pion (π−), is made of one up antiquark and one down quark.
Because mesons are composed of quarks, they participate in both the weak and strong interactions. Mesons with net electric charge also participate in the electromagnetic interaction. Mesons are classified according to their quark content, total angular momentum, parity and various other properties, such as C-parity and G-parity. Although no meson is stable, those of lower mass are nonetheless more stable than the more massive, and hence are easier to observe and study i ...