Quantum dot | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 24/12/2018

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_dot


00:01:56 1 Production
00:02:11 1.1 Colloidal synthesis
00:04:47 1.2 Plasma synthesis
00:05:40 1.3 Fabrication
00:09:31 1.4 Viral assembly
00:10:42 1.5 Electrochemical assembly
00:11:14 1.6 Bulk-manufacture
00:14:15 1.7 Heavy-metal-free quantum dots
00:15:09 2 Health and safety
00:19:05 3 Optical properties
00:21:03 4 Potential applications
00:23:09 4.1 Biology
00:28:11 4.2 Photovoltaic devices
00:29:08 4.2.1 Quantum dot only solar cells
00:29:51 4.2.2 Quantum dot in hybrid solar cells
00:30:35 4.2.3 Quantum dot with nanowire in solar cells
00:31:57 4.3 Light emitting diodes
00:32:43 4.4 Quantum dot displays
00:35:08 4.5 Photodetector devices
00:36:01 4.6 Photocatalysts
00:37:04 5 Theory
00:37:40 6 Quantum confinement in semiconductors
00:44:01 6.1 Models
00:44:23 6.2 Quantum mechanics
00:44:42 6.2.1 Semiclassical
00:47:28 6.2.2 Classical mechanics
00:48:32 7 History
00:48:52 8 See also
00:49:01 9 Further reading



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SUMMARY
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Quantum dots (QD) are very small semiconductor particles, only several nanometres in size, so small that their optical and electronic properties differ from those of larger LED particles. They are a central theme in nanotechnology. Many types of quantum dot will emit light of specific frequencies if electricity or light is applied to them, and these frequencies can be precisely tuned by changing the dots' size, shape and material, giving rise to many applications.
In the language of materials science, nanoscale semiconductor materials tightly confine either electrons or electron holes. Quantum dots are also sometimes referred to as artificial atoms, a term that emphasizes that a quantum dot is a single object with bound, discrete electronic states, as is the case with naturally occurring atoms or molecules.Quantum dots exhibit properties that are intermediate between those of bulk semiconductors and those of discrete atoms or molecules.  Their optoelectronic properties change as a function of both size and shape. Larger QDs (diameter of 5–6 nm, for example) emit longer wavelengths resulting in emission colors such as orange or red. Smaller QDs (diameter of 2–3 nm, for example) emit shorter wavelengths resulting in colors like blue and green, although the specific colors and sizes vary depending on the exact composition of the QD.
Because of their highly tunable properties, QDs are of wide interest. Potential applications include transistors, solar cells, LEDs, diode lasers and second-harmonic generation, quantum computing, and medical imaging. Additionally, their small size allows for QDs to be suspended in solution which leads to possible uses in inkjet printing and spin-coating.   They have also been used in Langmuir-Blodgett thin-films. These processing techniques result in less expensive and less time-consuming methods of semiconductor fabrication.