George S. Boutwell | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2018-12-06

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
George S. Boutwell


00:01:49 1 Early life
00:03:53 2 Political career (1839–1861)
00:06:03 2.1 Massachusetts Governor
00:10:00 2.2 Constitutional Convention and Republican Party
00:12:06 3 Early Civil War years
00:14:13 4 U.S. Congressman
00:15:15 4.1 African-American civil rights
00:17:32 4.2 Impeachment of Andrew Johnson
00:19:43 5 U.S. Secretary of Treasury
00:21:43 5.1 Reforms (1869)
00:22:23 5.2 Gold panic (1869)
00:25:03 5.3 National debt (1870)
00:26:55 5.4 Ku Klux Klan bill (1871)
00:28:15 6 U.S. Senator
00:31:02 7 Later career
00:33:02 8 Death
00:33:45 9 Publications
00:34:40 10 Notes
00:34:49 11 Sources
00:42:52 12 Further reading
00:43:31 13 External links



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SUMMARY
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George Sewall Boutwell (January 28, 1818 – February 27, 1905) was an American politician, lawyer, and statesman from Massachusetts.  He served as Secretary of the Treasury under President Ulysses S. Grant, the 20th Governor of Massachusetts, a Senator and Representative from Massachusetts and the first Commissioner of Internal Revenue under President Abraham Lincoln.  He was a leader in the impeachment of Andrew Johnson.
Boutwell, an abolitionist, is primarily known for his leadership in the formation of the Republican Party, and his championship of African American citizenship and suffrage rights during Reconstruction. As U.S. Representative, he was instrumental in the construction and passage of the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments to the United States Constitution. As Secretary of Treasury, he made needed reforms in the Treasury Department after the chaos of the American Civil War and the impeachment trial of President Andrew Johnson. He controversially reduced the national debt by selling Treasury gold and using greenbacks to buy up Treasury bonds, a process that created a cash shortage. Boutwell and President Grant thwarted an attempt to corner the gold market in September 1869 by releasing $4,000,000 of gold into the economy.  As U.S. Senator, Boutwell sponsored the Civil Rights Act of 1875.
In 1877, President Rutherford B. Hayes appointed Boutwell commissioner to codify the Revised Statutes of the United States and in 1880 to serve as United States counsel before the French and American Claims Commission. He also practiced international law in other diplomatic fora. At the turn of the 20th century, he abandoned the Republican Party, opposed the acquisition of the Philippines, and supported William Jennings Bryan for President.