Tuberculosis | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2018-12-08

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Tuberculosis


00:02:33 1 Signs and symptoms
00:03:09 1.1 Pulmonary
00:04:06 1.2 Extrapulmonary
00:05:10 2 Causes
00:05:19 2.1 Mycobacteria
00:07:48 2.2 Risk factors
00:09:31 3 Mechanism
00:09:40 3.1 Transmission
00:11:21 3.2 Pathogenesis
00:15:21 4 Diagnosis
00:15:30 4.1 Active tuberculosis
00:16:55 4.2 Latent tuberculosis
00:17:53 5 Prevention
00:18:31 5.1 Vaccines
00:19:25 5.2 Public health
00:20:10 6 Management
00:20:58 6.1 New onset
00:21:30 6.2 Recurrent disease
00:21:57 6.3 Medication administration
00:22:51 6.4 Medication resistance
00:24:15 7 Prognosis
00:25:30 8 Epidemiology
00:28:57 9 History
00:34:44 10 Society and culture
00:34:54 10.1 Names
00:35:47 10.2 Art and literature
00:37:15 10.3 Public health efforts
00:39:42 10.4 Stigma
00:41:23 11 Research
00:43:30 12 Other animals



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SUMMARY
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Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease usually caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) bacteria. Tuberculosis generally affects the lungs, but can also affect other parts of the body. Most infections do not have symptoms, in which case it is known as latent tuberculosis. About 10% of latent infections progress to active disease which, if left untreated, kills about half of those infected. The classic symptoms of active TB are a chronic cough with blood-containing sputum, fever, night sweats, and weight loss. It was historically called "consumption" due to the weight loss. Infection of other organs can cause a wide range of symptoms.Tuberculosis is spread through the air when people who have active TB in their lungs cough, spit, speak, or sneeze. People with latent TB do not spread the disease. Active infection occurs more often in people with HIV/AIDS and in those who smoke. Diagnosis of active TB is based on chest X-rays, as well as microscopic examination and culture of body fluids. Diagnosis of latent TB relies on the tuberculin skin test (TST) or blood tests.Prevention of TB involves screening those at high risk, early detection and treatment of cases, and vaccination with the bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine. Those at high risk include household, workplace, and social contacts of people with active TB. Treatment requires the use of multiple antibiotics over a long period of time. Antibiotic resistance is a growing problem with increasing rates of multiple drug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB).Presently, one-quarter of the world's population is thought to be infected with TB. New infections occur in about 1% of the population each year. In 2016, there were more than 10 million cases of active TB which resulted in 1.3 million deaths. This makes it the number one cause of death from an infectious disease. More than 95% of deaths occurred in developing countries, and more than 50% in India, China, Indonesia, Pakistan, and the Philippines. The number of new cases each year has decreased since 2000. About 80% of people in many Asian and African countries test positive while 5–10% of people in the United States population test positive by the tuberculin test. Tuberculosis has been present in humans since ancient times.