Natural-born-citizen clause | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2018-12-04

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Natural-born-citizen clause


00:01:49 1 Constitutional provisions
00:03:04 2 History
00:03:12 2.1 Antecedents in Britain
00:07:08 2.2 Between 1776 and 1789
00:08:04 2.3 Constitutional Convention
00:09:54 2.4 Constitutionality of the natural-born-citizen clause
00:10:23 2.5 Proposed constitutional amendments
00:11:22 3 Rationale
00:12:38 4 Interpretations of the clause
00:12:48 4.1 Naturalization Acts of 1790 and 1795
00:13:55 4.2 Interpretations by the courts
00:14:04 4.2.1 1800s
00:17:57 4.2.2 1900s
00:22:10 4.2.3 2000s
00:24:15 4.3 Government officials' interpretations
00:24:25 4.3.1 1800s
00:31:21 4.3.2 1900s
00:33:27 4.4 Academic interpretations
00:33:37 4.4.1 1800s
00:37:02 4.4.2 1900s
00:38:10 4.4.3 2000s
00:38:30 4.4.3.1 Foreign soil and territories
00:46:05 4.4.3.2 American soil
00:48:45 4.4.3.3 Implied repeal of the natural-born citizen clause
00:49:59 5 Eligibility challenges
00:51:35 5.1 1800s
00:51:44 5.1.1 Chester A. Arthur
00:53:24 5.1.2 Christopher Schürmann
00:54:21 5.2 1900s
00:54:30 5.2.1 Charles Evans Hughes
00:55:43 5.2.2 Barry Goldwater
00:56:09 5.2.3 George Romney
00:56:53 5.2.4 Lowell Weicker
00:57:31 5.3 2000s
00:57:39 5.3.1 John McCain
01:01:41 5.3.2 Barack Obama
01:04:44 5.3.3 Ted Cruz
01:08:49 5.3.4 Marco Rubio and Bobby Jindal
01:10:11 5.4 Potential presidential candidates who are not eligible
01:10:22 5.4.1 Arnold Schwarzenegger
01:11:31 6 See also
01:11:49 7 Notes
01:11:58 8 External links



Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.

Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain

Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.

You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCuKfABj2eGyjH3ntPxp4YeQ

You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
https://github.com/nodef/wikipedia-tts



"The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing."
- Socrates



SUMMARY
=======
Status as a natural-born citizen of the United States is one of the eligibility requirements established in the United States Constitution for holding the office of President or Vice President.  This requirement was intended to protect the nation from foreign influence.The U.S. Constitution uses but does not define the phrase "natural born Citizen", and various opinions have been offered over time regarding its precise meaning. The consensus of early 21st-century constitutional scholars, together with relevant case law, is that natural-born citizens include, subject to exceptions, those born in the United States. Many scholars have also concluded that those who meet the legal requirements for U.S. citizenship "at the moment of birth", regardless of place of birth, are also natural-born citizens. Every president to date was either a citizen at the adoption of the Constitution in 1789 or was born in the United States; of these there have been seven that had at least one parent who was not born on U.S. soil.The natural-born-citizen clause has been mentioned in passing in several decisions of the United States Supreme Court, and by some lower courts that have addressed eligibility challenges, but the Supreme Court has never directly addressed the question of a specific presidential or vice-presidential candidate's eligibility as a natural-born citizen.  Many eligibility lawsuits from the 2008, 2012, and 2016 election cycles were dismissed in lower courts due to the challengers' difficulty in showing that they had standing to raise legal objections.  Additionally, some experts have suggested that the precise meaning of the natural-born-citizen clause may never be decided by the courts because, in the end, presidential eligibility may be determined to be a non-justiciable political question that can be decided only by Congress rather than by the judicial branch of government.