Permian–Triassic extinction event | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-10-04

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permian%E2%80%93Triassic_extinction_event


00:01:41 1 Dating
00:07:10 2 Extinction patterns
00:07:20 2.1 Marine organisms
00:10:34 2.2 Terrestrial invertebrates
00:12:04 2.3 Terrestrial plants
00:12:14 2.3.1 Plant ecosystem response
00:14:33 2.3.2 Coal gap
00:16:18 2.4 Terrestrial vertebrates
00:17:48 2.5 Possible explanations
00:22:21 3 Biotic recovery
00:25:17 3.1 Changes in marine ecosystems
00:27:03 3.2 Land vertebrates
00:29:14 4 Theories about cause
00:31:03 4.1 Impact event
00:33:50 4.1.1 Possible impact sites
00:36:36 4.2 Volcanism
00:40:47 4.3 Methane hydrate gasification
00:48:34 4.4 Anoxia
00:51:44 4.5 Hydrogen sulfide emissions
00:53:15 4.6 Supercontinent Pangaea
00:54:42 4.7 Encounter with spiral arm
00:55:11 4.8 Microbes
00:56:30 4.9 Combination of causes



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SUMMARY
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The Permian–Triassic extinction event, also known as the P–Tr extinction, the P–T extinction, the End-Permian Extinction, and colloquially as the Great Dying,  formed the boundary between the Permian and Triassic geologic periods, as well as between the Paleozoic and Mesozoic eras, approximately 252 million years ago. It is the Earth's most severe known extinction event, with up to 96% of all marine species and 70% of terrestrial vertebrate species becoming extinct. It was the largest known mass extinction of insects. Some 57% of all biological families and 83% of all genera became extinct. Because so much biodiversity was lost, the recovery of land-dwelling life took significantly longer than after any other extinction event, possibly up to 10 million years. Studies in Bear Lake County, near Paris, Idaho, showed a relatively quick rebound in a localized marine ecosystem, taking around 2 million years to recover, suggesting that the impact of the extinction may have been felt less severely in some areas than others.
There is evidence for one to three distinct pulses, or phases, of extinction. Potential causes for those pulses include one or more large meteor impact events, massive volcanic eruptions (such as the Siberian Traps), and climate change brought on by large releases of underwater methane or methane-producing microbes.