Predation | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 26/03/2019

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Predation


00:01:55 1 Definition
00:04:23 2 Taxonomic range
00:06:51 3 Foraging
00:07:39 3.1 Search
00:10:02 3.2 Assessment
00:11:34 3.3 Capture
00:12:06 3.3.1 Ambush
00:13:14 3.3.2 Ballistic interception
00:14:18 3.3.3 Pursuit
00:16:15 3.4 Handling
00:17:00 3.5 Solitary versus social predation
00:19:31 4 Specialization
00:19:41 4.1 Physical adaptations
00:21:35 4.2 Diet and behaviour
00:23:02 4.3 Camouflage and mimicry
00:24:16 4.4 Venom
00:24:57 4.5 Physiology
00:25:39 5 Antipredator adaptations
00:26:29 5.1 Avoiding detection
00:26:56 5.1.1 Misdirection
00:27:51 5.1.2 Behavioural mechanisms
00:29:15 5.2 Detecting predators
00:29:25 5.2.1 Recognition
00:30:50 5.2.2 Vigilance
00:31:32 5.3 Avoiding an attack
00:31:41 5.3.1 Signalling unprofitability
00:32:50 5.3.2 Forming groups
00:33:39 5.4 Fending off an attack
00:34:14 5.5 Escaping an attack
00:35:03 6 Coevolution
00:39:02 7 Role in ecosystems
00:39:12 7.1 Trophic level
00:40:01 7.2 Biodiversity maintained by apex predation
00:41:49 7.3 Population dynamics
00:45:39 8 Evolutionary history
00:48:45 9 In human society
00:51:47 10 See also



Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.

Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain

Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.

Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:
https://assistant.google.com/services/invoke/uid/0000001a130b3f91
Other Wikipedia audio articles at:
https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=wikipedia+tts
Upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
https://github.com/nodef/wikipedia-tts
Speaking Rate: 0.805643522164628
Voice name: en-GB-Wavenet-A


"I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think."
- Socrates


SUMMARY
=======
Predation is a biological interaction where one organism, the predator, kills and eats another organism, its prey. It is one of a family of common feeding behaviours that includes parasitism and micropredation (which usually do not kill the host) and parasitoidism (which always does, eventually). It is distinct from scavenging on dead prey, though many predators also scavenge; it overlaps with herbivory, as a seed predator is both a predator and a herbivore.
Predators may actively search for prey or sit and wait for it. When prey is detected, the predator assesses whether to attack it. This may involve ambush or pursuit predation, sometimes after stalking the prey. If the attack is successful, the predator kills the prey, removes any inedible parts like the shell or spines, and eats it.
Predators are adapted and often highly specialized for hunting, with acute senses such as vision, hearing, or smell. Many predatory animals, both vertebrate and invertebrate, have sharp claws or jaws to grip, kill, and cut up their prey. Other adaptations include stealth and aggressive mimicry that improve hunting efficiency. 
Predation has a powerful selective effect on prey, and the prey develop antipredator adaptations such as warning coloration, alarm calls and other signals, camouflage, mimicry of well-defended species, and defensive spines and chemicals. Sometimes predator and prey find themselves in an evolutionary arms race, a cycle of adaptations and counter-adaptations. Predation has been a major driver of evolution since at least the Cambrian period.