Peacekeeping | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-06-23

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peacekeeping


00:02:14 1 Definitions and types of peacekeeping operations
00:02:26 1.1 United Nations peacekeeping missions
00:02:37 1.1.1 Chapter VI and Chapter VII mission types
00:06:53 1.1.2 UN missions during and after the Cold War
00:08:48 1.1.3 Broader aims of UN missions
00:11:10 1.2 Non-United Nations peacekeeping
00:13:04 2 Brief history
00:13:13 2.1 Creation and early years
00:14:31 2.2 Cold War peacekeeping
00:20:04 2.3 Since 1991
00:22:36 3 Composition of peacekeeping forces
00:22:47 3.1 Nations that participate in peacekeeping missions
00:27:07 3.2 Women's participation in peacekeeping
00:30:51 4 Theoretical basis for why peacekeeping missions should keep and preserve peace
00:37:55 5 Effectiveness of peacekeeping missions
00:43:40 5.1 Factors that Impact Lasting Peace
00:46:14 6 Impacts of peacekeeping on participating forces
00:46:26 6.1 Military normalisation
00:47:50 6.2 Political impact on sending countries
00:48:53 6.3 Impacts on individual peacekeepers
00:50:13 7 Criticism
00:50:22 7.1 Peacekeeping, human trafficking, and forced prostitution
00:57:20 7.2 Peacekeepers and the Haiti cholera crisis
01:00:15 7.3 Cultural Concerns Related to Contemporary Peacekeeping
01:07:45 7.4 Limitations on Contemporary Intervention and Conflict Resolution
01:23:12 7.5 Mission Creep
01:24:31 7.6 Lack of Engagement with the Populace
01:26:23 8 Proposed reform
01:26:33 8.1 Brahimi analysis
01:29:33 9 See also



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SUMMARY
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Peacekeeping refers to activities intended to create conditions that favour lasting peace. Research generally finds that peacekeeping reduces civilian and battlefield deaths and reduces the risk of renewed warfare.
Within the United Nations (UN) group of nation-state governments and organisations, there is a general understanding that at the international level, peacekeepers monitor and observe peace processes in post-conflict areas, and may assist ex-combatants in implementing peace agreement commitments that they have undertaken. Such assistance may come in many forms, including confidence-building measures, power-sharing arrangements, electoral support, strengthening the rule of law, and economic and social development. Accordingly, the UN peacekeepers (often referred to as Blue Berets or Blue Helmets because of their light blue berets or helmets) can include soldiers, police officers, and civilian personnel.The United Nations is not the only organisation to implement peacekeeping missions. Non-UN peacekeeping forces include the NATO mission in Kosovo (with United Nations authorisation) and the Multinational Force and Observers on the Sinai Peninsula or the ones organised by the European Union (like EUFOR RCA, with UN authorisation) and the African Union (like the African Union Mission in Sudan). The Nonviolent Peaceforce is one NGO widely considered to have expertise in general peacemaking by non-governmental volunteers or activists.Under international law, peacekeepers are non-combatants due to their neutral stance in the conflict between two or more belligerent parties (to the same extent as neutral personnel and properties outside of peacekeeping duties) and are to be protected from attacks at all times.