Computer chip | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 15/01/2019

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integrated_circuit


00:02:53 1 Terminology
00:03:57 2 Invention
00:08:28 3 Advances
00:14:06 4 Design
00:15:18 5 Types
00:19:41 6 Manufacturing
00:19:51 6.1 Fabrication
00:27:29 6.2 Packaging
00:32:43 7 Intellectual property
00:34:07 8 Other developments
00:35:22 9 Generations
00:36:08 9.1 SSI, MSI and LSI
00:41:50 9.2 VLSI
00:44:09 9.3 ULSI, WSI, SoC and 3D-IC
00:46:58 10 Silicon labelling and graffiti
00:47:41 11 ICs and IC families
00:49:11 12 See also



Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.

Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain

Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.

Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:
https://assistant.google.com/services/invoke/uid/0000001a130b3f91
Other Wikipedia audio articles at:
https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=wikipedia+tts
Upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
https://github.com/nodef/wikipedia-tts
Speaking Rate: 0.784350838932745
Voice name: en-US-Wavenet-E


"I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think."
- Socrates


SUMMARY
=======
An integrated circuit or monolithic integrated circuit (also referred to as an IC, a chip, or a microchip) is a set of electronic circuits on one small flat piece (or "chip") of semiconductor material, normally silicon.  The integration of large numbers of tiny transistors into a small chip results in circuits that are orders of magnitude smaller, cheaper, and faster than those constructed of discrete electronic components. The IC's mass production capability, reliability and building-block approach to circuit design has ensured the rapid adoption of standardized ICs in place of designs using discrete transistors.  ICs are now used in virtually all electronic equipment and have revolutionized the world of electronics. Computers, mobile phones, and other digital home appliances are now inextricable parts of the structure of modern societies, made possible by the small size and low cost of ICs.
Integrated circuits were made practical by mid-20th-century technology advancements in semiconductor device fabrication.  Since their origins in the 1960s, the size, speed, and capacity of chips have progressed enormously, driven by technical advances that fit more and more transistors on chips of the same size – a modern chip may have many billions of transistors in an area the size of a human fingernail.  These advances, roughly following Moore's law, make computer chips of today possess millions of times the capacity and thousands of times the speed of the computer chips of the early 1970s.
ICs have two main advantages over discrete circuits: cost and performance. Cost is low because the chips, with all their components, are printed as a unit by photolithography rather than being constructed one transistor at a time. Furthermore, packaged ICs use much less material than discrete circuits. Performance is high because the IC's components switch quickly and consume comparatively little power because of their small size and close proximity.  The main disadvantage of ICs is the high cost to design them and fabricate the required photomasks.  This high initial cost means ICs are only practical when high production volumes are anticipated.