Lift (force) | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-10-02

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lift_(force)


00:00:58 1 Overview
00:02:49 2 Simplified physical explanations of lift on an airfoil
00:03:33 2.1 Flow deflection and Newton's laws
00:04:33 2.2 Increased flow speed and Bernoulli's principle
00:05:09 2.2.1 Conservation of mass
00:06:14 2.3 Limitations of the simplified explanations
00:08:48 2.4 Alternative explanations, misconceptions, and controversies
00:09:28 2.4.1 False explanation based on equal transit-time
00:10:32 2.4.2 Controversy regarding the Coandă effect
00:12:14 3 Basic attributes of lift
00:12:32 3.1 Pressure differences
00:14:12 3.2 Angle of attack
00:15:02 3.3 Airfoil shape
00:15:45 3.4 Flow conditions
00:16:08 3.5 Air speed and density
00:16:37 3.6 Boundary layer and profile drag
00:18:15 3.7 Stalling
00:19:07 3.8 Bluff bodies
00:20:46 4 A more comprehensive physical explanation
00:21:34 4.1 Lift at the airfoil surface
00:22:42 4.2 The wider flow around the airfoil
00:24:12 4.3 Mutual interaction of pressure differences and changes in flow velocity
00:27:55 4.4 How simpler explanations fall short
00:28:28 5 Quantifying lift
00:28:38 5.1 Pressure integration
00:30:30 5.2 Lift coefficient
00:32:11 6 Mathematical theories of lift
00:34:03 6.1 Navier-Stokes (NS) equations
00:35:20 6.2 Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations
00:36:31 6.3 Inviscid-flow equations (Euler or potential)
00:40:19 6.4 Linearized potential flow
00:40:53 6.5 Circulation and the Kutta-Joukowski theorem
00:42:48 7 Three-dimensional flow
00:43:23 7.1 Wing tips and spanwise distribution
00:45:07 7.2 Horseshoe vortex system
00:46:50 8 Manifestations of lift in the farfield
00:47:01 8.1 Integrated force/momentum balance in lifting flows
00:49:56 8.2 Lift reacted by overpressure on the ground under an airplane
00:51:16 9 See also



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SUMMARY
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A fluid flowing past the surface of a body exerts a force on it. Lift is the component of this force that is perpendicular to the oncoming flow direction. It contrasts with the drag force, which is the component of the force parallel to the flow direction. Lift conventionally acts in an upward direction in order to counter the force of gravity, but it can act in any direction at right angles to the flow.
If the surrounding fluid is air, the force is called an aerodynamic force. In water or any other liquid, it is called a hydrodynamic force.
Dynamic lift is distinguished from other kinds of lift in fluids. Aerostatic lift or buoyancy, in which an internal fluid is lighter than the surrounding fluid, does not require movement and is used by balloons, blimps, dirigibles, boats, and submarines. Planing lift, in which only the lower portion of the body is immersed in a liquid flow, is used by motorboats, surfboards, and water-skis.