Chetniks | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-06-17

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chetniks


00:04:42 1 Etymology
00:05:42 2 Background
00:05:52 2.1 Chetnik guerrilla (1903–18)
00:09:06 2.2 Interwar period
00:14:32 3 World War II
00:14:42 3.1 Formation and ideology
00:21:24 3.2 Early activities
00:27:23 3.3 Axis offensives
00:29:44 3.4 Composition
00:36:12 3.5 Axis collaboration
00:38:06 3.5.1 Collaboration with the Italians
00:45:41 3.5.2 Collaboration with the Independent State of Croatia
00:49:43 3.5.3 Case White
00:51:02 3.5.4 Collaboration with the Germans
00:58:00 3.5.5 Collaboration with the Government of National Salvation
01:02:20 3.5.6 Contacts with Hungary
01:04:43 3.6 Terror tactics and cleansing actions
01:17:10 3.7 Loss of Allied support
01:21:39 3.8 Cooperation with the Soviets
01:26:06 3.9 Retreat and dissolution
01:27:23 4 Aftermath
01:27:33 4.1 SFR Yugoslavia
01:31:10 5 Legacy
01:31:19 5.1 Yugoslav Wars
01:41:55 5.2 Serbian historiography
01:42:47 6 Contemporary period
01:42:58 6.1 Serbia
01:48:35 6.2 Montenegro
01:51:04 6.3 Bosnia and Herzegovina
01:55:22 6.4 Croatia
01:55:47 6.5 United States
01:56:14 6.6 Ukraine
01:57:14 7 See also



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SUMMARY
=======
The Chetnik Detachments of the Yugoslav Army, commonly known as the Chetniks (Serbo-Croatian: Четници / Četnici, pronounced [tʃɛ̂tniːtsi]; Slovene: Četniki) and as the Yugoslav Army in the Homeland and The Ravna Gora Movement, was a Yugoslav royalist and Serbian nationalist movement in occupied Yugoslavia led by Draža Mihailović, which was anti-Axis in its long-term goals, and engaged in marginal resistance activities for limited periods. They also engaged in tactical or selective collaboration with the occupying forces for almost all of the war. The Mihailović Chetniks were not a homogeneous movement. The Chetnik movement adopted a policy of collaboration with regard to the Axis, and engaged in cooperation to one degree or another by establishing modus vivendi or operating as "legalised" auxiliary forces under Axis control. Over a period of time, and in different parts of the country, the Chetnik movement was progressively drawn into collaboration agreements: first with the Nedić forces in the Territory of the Military Commander in Serbia, then with the Italians in occupied Dalmatia and Montenegro, with some of the Ustaše forces in northern Bosnia, and, after the Italian capitulation, with the Germans directly.The Chetniks were active in uprising against the Axis occupiers throughout 1941. Following the success of the Battle of Loznica, Mihailović's Chetniks were the first to liberate a European city from Axis control. Following this, German occupiers enacted Adolf Hitler's formula for suppressing anti-Nazi resistance in Eastern Europe, a ratio of 100 hostages executed for every German soldier killed and 50 hostages executed for every soldier wounded. In October 1941, German soldiers conducted two mass murder campaigns against Serbian civilians in Kraljevo and Kragujevac, with a combined death toll reaching over 4,500 civilians, convincing Chetnik leader Draža Mihailović that killing German troops would only result in further unnecessary deaths of tens of thousands of Serbs. As a result, he decided to scale back Chetnik guerrilla attacks and wait for an Allied landing in the Balkans. While Chetnik collaboration reached "extensive and systematic" proportions, the Chetniks themselves referred to their policy of collaboration as "using the enemy". Professor Sabrina Ramet, a historian, has observed, "Both the Chetniks' political program and the extent of their collaboration have been amply, even voluminously, documented; it is more than a bit disappointing, thus, that people can still be found who believe that the Chetniks were doing anything besides attempting to realize a vision of an ethnically homo ...