Ethernet | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 23/06/2019

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethernet


00:02:17 1 History
00:06:53 2 Standardization
00:10:12 3 Evolution
00:12:35 3.1 spanShared media
00:17:12 3.2 Repeaters and hubs
00:20:02 3.3 spanBridging and switching
00:24:11 3.4 Advanced networking
00:26:06 4 Varieties
00:27:42 5 Frame structure
00:28:51 6 Autonegotiation
00:29:29 7 Error conditions
00:29:39 7.1 Switching loop
00:30:53 7.2 Jabber
00:32:45 7.3 Runt frames
00:33:02 8 See also



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SUMMARY
=======
Ethernet  is a family of computer networking technologies commonly used in local area networks (LAN), metropolitan area networks (MAN) and wide area networks (WAN).  It was commercially introduced in 1980 and first standardized in 1983 as IEEE 802.3, and has since retained a good deal of backward compatibility and been refined to support higher bit rates and longer link distances. Over time, Ethernet has largely replaced competing wired LAN technologies such as Token Ring, FDDI and ARCNET.
The original 10BASE5 Ethernet uses coaxial cable as a shared medium, while the newer Ethernet variants use twisted pair and fiber optic links in conjunction with switches. Over the course of its history, Ethernet data transfer rates have been increased from the original 2.94 megabits per second (Mbit/s) to the latest 400 gigabits per second (Gbit/s). The Ethernet standards comprise several wiring and signaling variants of the OSI physical layer in use with Ethernet.
Systems communicating over Ethernet divide a stream of data into shorter pieces called frames. Each frame contains source and destination addresses, and error-checking data so that damaged frames can be detected and discarded; most often, higher-layer protocols trigger retransmission of lost frames. As per the OSI model, Ethernet provides services up to and including the data link layer. The 48-bit MAC address was adopted by other IEEE 802 networking standards, including IEEE 802.11 Wi-Fi, as well as by FDDI, and EtherType values are also used in Subnetwork Access Protocol (SNAP) headers.
Ethernet is widely used in home and industry. The Internet Protocol is commonly carried over Ethernet and so it is considered one of the key technologies that make up the Internet.