Counter-Reformation | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-03-20

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Counter-Reformation


00:03:44 1 Documents
00:03:53 1.1 iConfutatio Augustana/i
00:04:10 1.2 Council of Trent
00:09:23 1.3 iIndex Librorum Prohibitorum/i
00:10:10 1.4 iRoman Catechism/i
00:10:26 1.5 iNova ordinantia ecclesiastica/i
00:11:01 1.6 iDefensio Tridentinæ fidei/i
00:11:21 1.7 iUnigenitus/i
00:11:59 2 Politics
00:12:08 2.1 British isles
00:12:17 2.2 The Netherlands
00:15:00 2.3 Germany
00:16:20 2.3.1 Cologne
00:16:49 2.4 Belgium
00:16:57 2.5 Bohemia and Austria
00:18:51 2.6 France
00:19:33 2.7 Italy
00:19:41 2.8 Poland and Lithuania
00:19:50 2.9 Spain
00:19:58 2.10 Eastern Rites
00:20:07 2.10.1 Middle east
00:20:15 2.10.2 Ukraine
00:21:08 2.11 Areas affected
00:21:48 3 Spiritual movements
00:21:57 3.1 Precursors
00:26:25 3.2 Religious orders
00:30:55 3.3 Devotion and mysticism
00:33:41 3.4 Baroque art
00:34:54 3.4.1 Decrees on art
00:38:57 3.5 Church music
00:39:05 3.5.1 Reforms before the Council of Trent
00:41:41 3.5.2 Reforms during the 22nd session
00:45:21 3.5.3 Saviour-Legend
00:47:31 3.5.4 Reforms following the Council of Trent
00:52:38 3.6 Calendrical studies
00:54:57 4 Major figures
00:56:38 5 See also
00:57:09 6 Footnotes
00:57:18 7 Further reading
01:00:31 7.1 Primary sources
01:00:49 7.2 Historiography
01:01:53 8 External links



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SUMMARY
=======
The Counter-Reformation (Latin: Contrareformatio), also called the Catholic Reformation (Latin: Reformatio Catholica) or the Catholic Revival, was the period of Catholic resurgence that was initiated in response to the Protestant Reformation.  It began with the Council of Trent (1545–1563) and largely ended with the 1781 Patent of Toleration, although smaller expulsions of Protestants continued into the 19th century. Initiated to preserve the power, influence and material wealth enjoyed by the Catholic Church and to present a theological and material challenge to Reformation, the Counter-Reformation was a comprehensive effort composed of apologetic and polemical documents, ecclesiastical reconfiguration as decreed by the Council of Trent, a series of wars, political maneuvering including the efforts of Imperial Diets of the Holy Roman Empire, exiling of Protestant populations, confiscation of Protestant children for Catholic institutionalized upbringing, heresy trials and the Inquisition, anti-corruption efforts, spiritual movements, and the founding of new religious orders.
Such reforms included  the foundation of seminaries for the proper training of priests in the spiritual life and the theological traditions of the church, the reform of religious life by returning orders to their spiritual foundations, and new spiritual movements focusing on the devotional life and a personal relationship with Christ, including the Spanish mystics and the French school of spirituality.It also involved political activities that included the Roman Inquisition and the expulsion of hundreds of thousands of Protestants. One primary emphasis of the Counter-Reformation was a mission to reach parts of the world that had been colonized as predominantly Catholic and also try to reconvert areas such as Sweden and England that were at one time Catholic, but had been Protestantized during the Reformation.Various Counter-Reformation theologians focused only on defending doctrinal positions such as the sacraments and pious practices that were attacked by the Protestant reformers, up to the Second Vatican Council in 1962–1965. One of the "most dramatic moments" at that council was the intervention of Belgian Bishop Émile-Joseph De Smed when, during the debate on the nature of the church, he called for an end to the "triumphalism, clericalism, and juridicism" that had typified the church in the previous centuries.Key events of the period include: the Council of Trent ( ...