Geo-information science | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-02-07

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geographic_information_system


00:01:44 1 History of development
00:08:57 2 Techniques and technology
00:09:57 2.1 Relating information from different sources
00:12:01 2.2 GIS uncertainties
00:14:00 2.3 Data representation
00:15:19 2.4 Data capture
00:20:09 2.5 Raster-to-vector translation
00:21:31 2.6 Projections, coordinate systems, and registration
00:22:21 3 Spatial analysis with geographical information system (GIS)
00:23:49 3.1 Slope and aspect
00:27:11 3.2 Data analysis
00:29:05 3.3 Topological modeling
00:29:42 3.4 Geometric networks
00:30:38 3.5 Hydrological modeling
00:32:10 3.6 Cartographic modeling
00:32:59 3.7 Map overlay
00:34:41 3.8 Geostatistics
00:37:16 3.9 Address geocoding
00:38:36 3.10 Reverse geocoding
00:39:26 3.11 Multi-criteria decision analysis
00:40:13 3.12 Data output and cartography
00:41:41 3.13 Graphic display techniques
00:43:40 3.14 Spatial ETL
00:44:21 3.15 GIS data mining
00:45:04 4 Applications
00:47:04 4.1 Open Geospatial Consortium standards
00:48:54 4.2 Web mapping
00:50:08 4.3 Adding the dimension of time
00:52:38 5 Semantics
00:55:00 6 Implications of GIS in society
00:55:55 6.1 GIS in education
00:56:54 6.2 GIS in local government



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SUMMARY
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A geographic information system (GIS) is a system designed to capture, store, manipulate, analyze, manage, and present spatial or geographic data. GIS applications are tools that allow users to create interactive queries (user-created searches), analyze spatial information, edit data in maps, and present the results of all these operations. GIS (more commonly GIScience) sometimes refers to  geographic information science (GIScience),  the science underlying geographic concepts, applications, and systems.GIS can refer to a number of different technologies, processes, techniques and methods. It is attached to many operations and has many applications related to engineering, planning, management, transport/logistics, insurance, telecommunications, and business. For that reason, GIS and location intelligence applications can be the foundation for many location-enabled services that rely on analysis and visualization.
GIS can relate unrelated information by using location as the key index variable. Locations or extents in the Earth space–time may be recorded as dates/times of occurrence, and x, y, and z coordinates representing, longitude, latitude, and elevation, respectively. All Earth-based spatial–temporal location and extent references should be relatable to one another and ultimately to a "real" physical location or extent. This key characteristic of GIS has begun to open new avenues of scientific inquiry.