Molecular clock | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-10-04

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_clock


00:00:49 1 Early discovery and genetic equidistance
00:04:46 2 Relationship with neutral theory
00:06:22 3 Calibration
00:07:18 3.1 Node calibration
00:09:30 3.2 Tip calibration
00:10:37 3.2.1 Total evidence dating
00:11:47 3.3 Methods
00:12:09 4 Non-constant rate of molecular clock
00:16:49 5 Uses
00:17:46 6 See also



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SUMMARY
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The molecular clock  is figurative term for a technique that uses the mutation rate of biomolecules to deduce the time in prehistory when two or more life forms diverged. The biomolecular data used for such calculations are usually nucleotide sequences for DNA or amino acid sequences for proteins. The benchmarks for determining the mutation rate are often fossil or archaeological dates. The molecular clock was first tested in 1962 on the hemoglobin protein variants of various animals, and is commonly used in molecular evolution to estimate times of speciation or radiation. It is sometimes called a gene clock or an evolutionary clock.