Presidency of Chester A. Arthur | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 04/12/2018

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Presidency of Chester A. Arthur


00:02:51 1 Accession
00:06:42 2 Administration
00:08:46 3 Judicial appointments
00:10:14 4 Civil service reform
00:10:24 4.1 Pendleton Act
00:13:52 4.2 Star Route scandal
00:15:28 5 Surplus and the tariff
00:18:37 6 Foreign affairs and immigration
00:22:35 7 Naval reform
00:24:15 8 Civil rights and the South
00:27:00 9 Native American policy
00:28:28 10 Health, travel, and 1884 election
00:28:39 10.1 Declining health
00:29:49 10.2 1884 election
00:32:09 11 Historical reputation



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SUMMARY
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The presidency of Chester A. Arthur began on September 19, 1881, when Arthur became the 21st President of the United States upon the assassination and death of President James A. Garfield, and ended on March 4, 1885. He had been Vice President of the United States for only 199 days when he succeeded to the presidency. Arthur was a New York Republican associated with the Stalwart faction of his party. In ill health and lacking the full support of his party by the end of his term, Arthur made only a token effort for the Republican nomination in 1884. He was succeeded in office by Democrat Grover Cleveland.
At the outset of his presidency, Arthur struggled to overcome his reputation as a slick New York machine politician. He succeeded by embracing the cause of civil service reform. His advocacy for, and subsequent enforcement of, the Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act was the centerpiece of his administration. Though patronage remained a powerful force in politics, the Pendleton Act laid the foundations for a professional civil service that would emerge in subsequent decades. Journalist Alexander McClure later wrote, "No man ever entered the Presidency so profoundly and widely distrusted as Chester Alan Arthur, and no one ever retired ... more generally respected, alike by political friend and foe."Facing a budget surplus, Arthur signed the Tariff of 1883, which reduced tariffs. He also vetoed the Rivers and Harbors Act, an act that would have appropriated federal funds in a manner he thought excessive. He proceeded to rebuild the United States Navy. He was heavily criticized for failing to fully alleviate the federal budget surplus, which had been accumulating since the end of the Civil War. After the Supreme Court struck down the Civil Rights Act of 1875, Arthur favored new civil rights legislation to protect African-Americans, but was unable to win passage of a new bill. Facing pressure from Congress, Arthur signed the Chinese Exclusion Act, which temporarily barred immigration from China. In foreign policy, Arthur pursued closer economic and political relations with Latin America, but many of his proposed trade agreements were defeated in the Senate.
Although his failing health and political temperament combined to make his administration less active than a modern presidency, he earned praise among contemporaries for his solid performance in office. The New York World summed up Arthur's presidency at his death in 1886: "No duty was neglected in his administration, and no adventurous project alarmed the nation." Since his death, Arthur's reputation has mostly faded from the public consciousness. Although some have praised his flexibility and willingness to embrace reform, present-day historians and scholars generally rank him as a below-average president.