State (polity) | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-01-08

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_(polity)


00:01:23 1 Etymology
00:03:18 2 Definition issues
00:05:46 2.1 Types of states
00:08:01 2.2 The state and government
00:08:48 2.3 States and nation-states
00:09:16 2.4 The state and civil society
00:09:47 2.5 The man versus the state
00:11:50 3 Theories of state function
00:12:41 3.1 Anarchist perspective
00:13:36 3.2 Marxist perspective
00:15:44 3.3 Pluralism
00:17:02 3.4 Contemporary critical perspectives
00:20:52 3.5 State autonomy (institutionalism)
00:21:45 4 Theories of state legitimacy
00:22:04 4.1 Divine right of kings
00:23:07 4.2 Rational-legal authority
00:24:01 5 History
00:26:23 5.1 Pre-historic stateless societies
00:27:10 5.2 The Neolithic period
00:28:34 5.3 The state in ancient Eurasia
00:29:16 5.4 The state in classical antiquity
00:30:06 5.5 The feudal state
00:31:06 5.6 The modern state
00:31:47 6 Weak states and late state formation
00:36:00 7 See also



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SUMMARY
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A state is a compulsory political organization with a centralized government that maintains a monopoly on the legitimate use of force within a certain geographical territory.Some states are sovereign; some states are subject to external sovereignty or hegemony where ultimate sovereignty lies in another state. The term state is also applied to federated states that are members of a federal union, which is the sovereign state.
Speakers of American English often use the terms state and government as synonyms, with both words referring to an organized political group that exercises authority over a particular territory. In British and Commonwealth English, state is the only term that has that meaning, while the government instead refers to the ministers and officeholders who set the political policy for the territory.
Many human societies have been governed by states for millennia, however for most of pre-history people lived in stateless societies. The first states arose about 5,500 years ago in conjunction with rapid growth of cities, invention of writing, and codification of new forms of religion. Over time, a variety of different forms developed, employing a variety of justifications for their existence (such as divine right, the theory of the social contract, etc.). Today, however, the modern nation-state is the predominant form of state to which people are subject.