Object Oriented Methodology | Class, Object, Abstraction, Encapsulation, Inheritance & Polymorphism
Channel: PsychoTech Institute™
Date: 2023-11-09

Object-Oriented Methodology encompasses several fundamental concepts and principles that are central to object-oriented programming (OOP). These concepts include Class, Object, Abstraction, Encapsulation, Inheritance, and Polymorphism. Let's explore each of these concepts in the context of Object-Oriented Methodology:

1. Class:
   - In Object-Oriented Methodology, a class is a blueprint or template for creating objects. It defines the structure and behavior of objects of that class.
   - Classes represent abstract definitions of entities or concepts and encapsulate data (attributes) and behavior (methods) that objects of the class will possess.
   - Classes act as a blueprint for creating multiple objects that share the same characteristics and behaviors.

2. Object:
   - An object is an instance of a class in Object-Oriented Methodology. Objects are real-world entities that represent specific instances or occurrences of the concept defined by the class.
   - Objects have state (attributes) and behavior (methods) associated with them.
   - They are created based on the structure defined by the class and can interact with other objects.

3. Abstraction:
   - Abstraction is a key concept in Object-Oriented Methodology. It involves simplifying complex reality by modeling classes and objects based on essential characteristics while ignoring non-essential details.
   - Abstraction allows developers to focus on what an object does rather than how it does it, making it an essential aspect of OOP's modeling and problem-solving approach.

4. Encapsulation:
   - Encapsulation is the practice of bundling data (attributes) and methods that operate on that data into a single unit called an object.
   - It also involves controlling access to the internal state of an object by using access modifiers like public, private, protected, etc.
   - Encapsulation helps hide the implementation details of an object and provides a well-defined interface for interacting with it.

5. Inheritance:
   - Inheritance is a mechanism in Object-Oriented Methodology that allows one class (the subclass or derived class) to inherit the attributes and behaviors (fields and methods) of another class (the superclass or base class).
   - It establishes a hierarchical relationship between classes, promoting code reuse and the modeling of "is-a" relationships.
   - Inheritance allows the creation of specialized classes based on more general ones.

6. Polymorphism:
   - Polymorphism is a fundamental concept in Object-Oriented Methodology that allows objects of different classes to be treated as objects of a common superclass.
   - It enables methods to be called on objects without knowing their exact type, providing flexibility and extensibility in code design.
   - Polymorphism is achieved through method overriding and method overloading, allowing different classes to provide their own implementations of methods.

These concepts are integral to the Object-Oriented Methodology and are used to model and design software systems in a way that mirrors real-world entities and relationships. Object-Oriented Methodology promotes modularity, reusability, and maintainability in software development. It is widely employed in designing and implementing a wide range of applications and systems.

Best reference books for Object Oriented Programming: https://amzn.to/47dYoZp 
Books for IGNOU BCS-031 C++ Programming: https://amzn.to/3FGbCT3
Books for MCS-024 IGNOU Java Programming: https://amzn.to/3u1pIfq 

Thank you for watching!

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