Submarine | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: Subhajit Sahu
Date: 2018-12-03

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Submarine


00:02:59 1 History
00:03:08 1.1 Early submersibles
00:04:20 1.2 18th century
00:05:31 1.3 19th century
00:06:49 1.3.1 Mechanical power
00:08:43 1.4 20th century
00:11:36 1.4.1 World War I
00:13:26 1.4.2 World War II
00:17:39 1.4.3 Cold-War military models
00:20:15 1.5 21st century
00:20:24 2 Usage
00:20:33 2.1 Military
00:23:44 2.2 Civilian
00:25:45 2.3 Polar operations
00:28:52 3 Technology
00:29:01 3.1 Submersion and trimming
00:32:23 3.2 Hull
00:32:31 3.2.1 Overview
00:35:06 3.2.2 Single and double hulls
00:37:05 3.2.3 Pressure hull
00:41:21 3.3 Propulsion
00:43:05 3.3.1 Diesel-electric
00:47:24 3.3.2 Air-independent
00:49:01 3.3.3 Nuclear power
00:51:45 3.3.4 Alternative
00:52:44 3.4 Armament
00:55:37 3.5 Sensors
00:57:32 3.6 Navigation
00:58:40 3.7 Communication
01:00:11 3.8 Life support systems
01:03:02 4 Crew
01:03:37 4.1 Women
01:07:22 4.2 Abandoning the vessel
01:08:00 5 See also
01:08:09 5.1 By country



Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.

Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain

Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.

You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCuKfABj2eGyjH3ntPxp4YeQ

You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
https://github.com/nodef/wikipedia-tts



"The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing."
- Socrates



SUMMARY
=======
A submarine (or simply sub) is a watercraft capable of independent operation underwater. It differs from a submersible, which has more limited underwater capability. The term most commonly refers to a large, crewed vessel. It is also sometimes used historically or colloquially to refer to remotely operated vehicles and robots, as well as medium-sized or smaller vessels, such as the midget submarine and the wet sub. The noun submarine evolved as a shortened form of submarine boat; by naval tradition, submarines are usually referred to as "boats" rather than as "ships", regardless of their size (boat is usually reserved for seagoing vessels of relatively small size).
Although experimental submarines had been built before, submarine design took off during the 19th century, and they were adopted by several navies. Submarines were first widely used during World War I (1914–1918), and now figure in many navies large and small. Military uses include attacking enemy surface ships (merchant and military), attacking other submarines, aircraft carrier protection, blockade running, ballistic missile submarines as part of a nuclear strike force, reconnaissance, conventional land attack (for example using a cruise missile), and covert insertion of special forces. Civilian uses for submarines include marine science, salvage, exploration and facility inspection and maintenance. Submarines can also be modified to perform more specialized functions such as search-and-rescue missions or undersea cable repair. Submarines are also used in tourism, and for undersea archaeology.
Most large submarines consist of a cylindrical body with hemispherical (or conical) ends and a vertical structure, usually located amidships, which houses communications and sensing devices as well as periscopes. In modern submarines, this structure is the "sail" in American usage and "fin" in European usage. A "conning tower" was a feature of earlier designs: a separate pressure hull above the main body of the boat that allowed the use of shorter periscopes. There is a propeller (or pump jet) at the rear, and various hydrodynamic control fins. Smaller, deep-diving and specialty submarines may deviate significantly from this traditional layout. Submarines use diving planes and also change the amount of water and air in ballast tanks to change buoyancy for submerging and surfacing.
Submarines have one of the widest ranges of types and capabilities of any vessel. They range from small autonomous examples and one- or two-person vessels that operate for a few hours, to vessels that can remain submerged for six months—such as the Russian Typhoon class, the biggest submarines ever built. Submarines can work at greater depths than are survivable or practical for human divers. Modern deep-diving submarines derive from the bathyscaphe, which in turn evolved from the diving bell.