Space Station Mir | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-05-02

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mir


00:03:16 1 Origins
00:06:43 2 Station structure
00:06:52 2.1 Assembly
00:09:46 2.2 Pressurised modules
00:10:09 2.3 Unpressurised elements
00:12:55 2.4 Power supply
00:16:11 2.5 Orbit control
00:18:26 2.6 Communications
00:19:40 2.7 Microgravity
00:20:56 2.8 Life support
00:22:23 3 International cooperation
00:22:33 3.1 Intercosmos
00:23:28 3.2 European involvement
00:24:42 3.3 Canadian involvement
00:25:02 3.4 Shuttle–iMir/i program
00:27:45 3.5 Other visitors
00:28:10 4 Life on board
00:29:04 4.1 Crew schedule
00:31:47 4.2 Exercise
00:33:00 4.3 Hygiene
00:34:59 4.4 Sleeping in space
00:35:51 4.5 Food and drink
00:36:45 4.6 Microbiological environmental hazards
00:38:08 5 Station operations
00:38:17 5.1 Expeditions
00:39:56 5.1.1 Early existence
00:43:06 5.1.2 Third start
00:46:44 5.1.3 Post-Soviet period
00:51:40 5.1.4 Shuttle–iMir/i
00:58:02 5.1.5 Final days and deorbit
01:02:27 5.2 Visiting spacecraft
01:06:54 5.3 Mission control centre
01:08:24 5.4 Unused equipment
01:08:54 5.5 Safety aspects
01:09:03 5.5.1 Ageing systems and atmosphere
01:10:22 5.5.2 Accidents
01:12:22 5.5.3 Radiation and orbital debris
01:14:49 6 In popular culture



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SUMMARY
=======
Mir (Russian: Мир, IPA: [ˈmʲir]; lit. peace or world) was a space station that operated in low Earth orbit from 1986 to 2001, operated by the Soviet Union and later by Russia. Mir was the first modular space station and was assembled in orbit from 1986 to 1996. It had a greater mass than any previous spacecraft. At the time it was the largest artificial satellite in orbit, succeeded by the International Space Station (ISS) after Mir's orbit decayed. The station served as a microgravity research laboratory in which crews conducted experiments in biology, human biology, physics, astronomy, meteorology, and spacecraft systems with a goal of developing technologies required for permanent occupation of space.
Mir was the first continuously inhabited long-term research station in orbit and held the record for the longest continuous human presence in space at 3,644 days, until it was surpassed by the ISS on 23 October 2010. It holds the record for the longest single human spaceflight, with Valeri Polyakov spending 437 days and 18 hours on the station between 1994 and 1995. Mir was occupied for a total of twelve and a half years out of its fifteen-year lifespan, having the capacity to support a resident crew of three, or larger crews for short visits.
Following the success of the Salyut programme, Mir represented the next stage in the Soviet Union's space station programme. The first module of the station, known as the core module or base block, was launched in 1986 and followed by six further modules. Proton rockets were used to launch all of its components except for the docking module, which was installed by a US Space Shuttle mission STS-74 in 1995. When complete, the station consisted of seven pressurised modules and several unpressurised components. Power was provided by several photovoltaic arrays attached directly to the modules. The station was maintained at an orbit between 296 km (184 mi) and 421 km (262 mi) altitude and travelled at an average speed of 27,700 km/h (17,200 mph), completing 15.7 orbits per day.The station was launched as part of the Soviet Union's manned spaceflight programme effort to maintain a long-term research outpost in space, and following the collapse of the USSR, was operated by the new Russian Federal Space Agency (RKA). As a result, most of the station's occupants were Soviet; through international collaborations such as the Intercosmos, Euromir and Shuttle–Mir programmes, the station was made accessible to space travellers from several Asian, European and North American nations. Mir was deorbited in March 20 ...