Economy of Egypt | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2018-12-06

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Economy of Egypt


00:00:59 1 Macroeconomic trend
00:04:05 2 Reform era
00:08:01 2.1 External trade and remittances
00:10:02 2.2 Public finances
00:13:17 2.3 Opportunity cost of conflict
00:13:49 2.4 The financial sector
00:14:24 2.4.1 Monetary policy
00:17:54 2.4.2 Exchange rate policy
00:20:42 3 Natural resources
00:20:52 3.1 Land, agriculture and crops
00:26:37 3.2 Water resources
00:28:15 3.3 Groundwater
00:28:53 3.4 Mineral and energy resources
NaN:NaN:NaN 4 Main economic sectors
NaN:NaN:NaN 4.1 Agricultural sector
NaN:NaN:NaN 4.1.1 Irrigation
NaN:NaN:NaN 4.1.2 Crops
NaN:NaN:NaN 4.1.3 Land ownership
NaN:NaN:NaN 4.2 Industrial sector
NaN:NaN:NaN 4.2.1 Automobiles manufacturing
NaN:NaN:NaN 4.2.2 Chemicals
NaN:NaN:NaN 4.2.3 Consumer electronics and home appliances
NaN:NaN:NaN 4.2.4 Steel industries
NaN:NaN:NaN 4.2.5 Textiles and clothing
NaN:NaN:NaN 4.3 Construction and contracting sector
NaN:NaN:NaN 4.4 Services sector
NaN:NaN:NaN 4.4.1 Banking &amp; insurance
NaN:NaN:NaN 4.4.2 Communications
NaN:NaN:NaN 4.4.3 Transport
NaN:NaN:NaN 4.4.4 Tourism sector
NaN:NaN:NaN 5 Emerging sectors
NaN:NaN:NaN 5.1 ICT sector
NaN:NaN:NaN 6 Largest companies
NaN:NaN:NaN 7 Investment
NaN:NaN:NaN 7.1 Investment climate
NaN:NaN:NaN 8 Response to the global financial crisis
NaN:NaN:NaN 9 Poverty and income distribution
NaN:NaN:NaN 10 Causes of poverty
NaN:NaN:NaN 10.1 High cost of doing business
NaN:NaN:NaN 10.2 Corruption
NaN:NaN:NaN 10.3 Ineffective policies
NaN:NaN:NaN 10.4 High population growth
NaN:NaN:NaN 11 See also



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SUMMARY
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The economy of Egypt was a highly centralized planned economy focused on import substitution under President Gamal Abdel Nasser. In the 1990s, a series of International Monetary Fund arrangements, coupled with massive external debt relief resulting from Egypt's participation in the Gulf War coalition, helped Egypt improve its macroeconomic performance.
Since 2000, the pace of structural reforms, including fiscal, monetary policies, taxation, privatization and new business legislations, helped Egypt move towards a more market-oriented economy and prompted increased foreign investment. The reforms and policies have strengthened macroeconomic annual growth results which averaged 8% annually between 2004 and 2009 but the government largely failed to equitably share the wealth and the benefits of growth have failed to trickle down to improve economic conditions for the broader population, especially with the growing problem of unemployment and underemployment.