Atlas Computer (Manchester) | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 13/01/2019

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlas_(computer)


00:02:26 1 Background
00:03:50 2 Technical description
00:04:00 2.1 Hardware
00:07:43 2.2 Extracode
00:09:57 2.3 Software
00:11:07 2.4 Hardware/software integration
00:11:33 3 See also
00:11:44 4 Notes and references
00:12:26 5 Further reading
00:12:36 6 External links
00:12:42 Notes and references
00:13:00 Further reading
00:16:24 External links



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SUMMARY
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The Atlas Computer was one of the world's first supercomputers, in use from 1962 until 1971. It was considered to be the most powerful computer in the world at that time. Atlas was created in a joint development effort among the University of Manchester, Ferranti International plc and the Plessey Co., plc.
Atlas was a second generation computer, using discrete germanium transistors in place of vacuum tubes. It is notable for being the first machine with virtual memory (at that time referred to as 'one-level store') using paging techniques; this approach quickly spread, and is now ubiquitous. Atlas' capacity promoted the saying that when it went offline, half of the United Kingdom's computer capacity was lost. Two other Atlas machines were built: one for British Petroleum and the University of London, and one for the Atlas Computer Laboratory at Chilton near Oxford.
A derivative system was built by Ferranti for Cambridge University. Called the Titan, or Atlas 2, it had a different memory organisation and ran a time-sharing operating system developed by Cambridge University Computer Laboratory.  Two further Atlas 2s were delivered: one to the CAD Centre in Cambridge (later called CADCentre, then AVEVA), and the other to the Atomic Weapons Research Establishment (AWRE), Aldermaston.
The University of Manchester's Atlas was decommissioned in 1971. The final Atlas, the CADCentre machine, was switched off in late 1976. Parts of the Chilton Atlas are preserved by National Museums Scotland in Edinburgh; the main console itself was rediscovered in July 2014 and is at Rutherford Appleton Laboratory in Chilton, near Oxford.