Space Shuttle Challenger launch decision | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 27/03/2019

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Challenger_disaster


00:02:56 1 O-ring concerns
00:08:01 2 Pre-launch conditions
00:08:11 2.1 Delays
00:09:43 2.2 Thiokol–NASA conference call
00:13:50 2.3 Ice
00:16:24 3 January 28 launch and failure
00:16:35 3.1 Liftoff and initial ascent
00:21:30 3.2 Plume
00:23:30 3.3 Vehicle breakup
00:27:20 3.4 Post-breakup flight controller dialogue
00:29:52 3.5 Cause and time of death
00:34:46 3.6 Prospect of crew escape
00:36:34 4 Aftermath
00:36:43 4.1 Tributes
00:38:41 4.2 Recovery of debris and crew
00:49:04 4.3 Funeral ceremonies
00:50:06 4.4 Concurrent NASA crises
00:52:18 5 Investigation
00:53:20 5.1 Rogers Commission
00:55:42 5.1.1 Richard Feynman
00:57:32 5.2 U.S. House Committee hearings
00:58:32 6 NASA and Air Force response
01:02:57 6.1 Media coverage
01:06:15 6.2 Use as case study
01:10:46 6.3 Continuation of the Shuttle program
01:12:32 6.4 Other civilian passenger plans
01:14:08 7 Legacy
01:26:27 8 Media
01:26:35 8.1 Video documentation
01:28:13 8.2 Film
01:28:55 8.3 Other media
01:29:31 9 See also



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SUMMARY
=======
On January 28, 1986, the NASA shuttle orbiter mission STS-51-L and the tenth flight of Space Shuttle Challenger (OV-99) broke apart 73 seconds into its flight, killing all seven crew members, which consisted of five NASA astronauts, one payload specialist and a civilian school teacher. The spacecraft disintegrated over the Atlantic Ocean, off the coast of Cape Canaveral, Florida, at 11:39 a.m. EST (16:39 UTC). The disintegration of the vehicle began after a joint in its right solid rocket booster (SRB) failed at liftoff. The failure was caused by the failure of O-ring seals used in the joint that were not designed to handle the unusually cold conditions that existed at this launch. The seals' failure caused a breach in the SRB joint, allowing pressurized burning gas from within the solid rocket motor to reach the outside and impinge upon the adjacent SRB aft field joint attachment hardware and external fuel tank. This led to the separation of the right-hand SRB's aft field joint attachment and the structural failure of the external tank. Aerodynamic forces broke up the orbiter.
The crew compartment and many other vehicle fragments were eventually recovered from the ocean floor after a lengthy search and recovery operation. The exact timing of the death of the crew is unknown; several crew members are known to have survived the initial breakup of the spacecraft. The shuttle had no escape system, and the impact of the crew compartment at terminal velocity with the ocean surface was too violent to be survivable.The disaster resulted in a 32-month hiatus in the shuttle program and the formation of the Rogers Commission, a special commission appointed by United States President Ronald Reagan to investigate the accident. The Rogers Commission found NASA's organizational culture and decision-making processes had been key contributing factors to the accident, with the agency violating its own safety rules. NASA managers had known since 1977 that contractor Morton-Thiokol's design of the SRBs contained a potentially catastrophic flaw in the O-rings, but they had failed to address this problem properly. NASA managers also disregarded warnings from engineers about the dangers of launching posed by the low temperatures of that morning, and failed to adequately report these technical concerns to their superiors.
Approximately 17 percent of Americans witnessed the launch live because of the presence of high school teacher Christa McAuliffe, who would have been the first teacher in space. Media coverage of the accident was extensive: one study reported that 85 percent of Americans surveyed had heard the news within an hour of the accident. The Challenger disaster has been used as a case  ...