Anti-aircraft warfare | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-06-23

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-aircraft_warfare


00:01:37 1 Terminology
00:05:24 2 General description
00:10:17 3 Organization
00:13:35 4 History
00:13:44 4.1 Earliest use
00:16:14 4.2 First World War
00:23:22 4.3 Interwar years
00:34:10 4.3.1 Naval Aspects
00:36:09 4.4 Second World War
00:49:33 4.5 Post-war
00:53:07 5 AA warfare systems
00:57:01 5.1 Anti-UAV defences
00:57:41 5.2 Future developments
01:00:53 6 Force structures
01:01:43 6.1 Navy
01:03:04 6.1.1 Layered air defence
01:03:54 6.2 Army
01:04:55 6.3 Air force
01:05:24 6.4 Area air defence
01:06:11 7 Tactics
01:06:20 7.1 Mobility
01:07:27 7.2 Air defence versus air defence suppression
01:08:09 7.3 Insurgent tactics
01:09:07 8 See also



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SUMMARY
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Anti-aircraft warfare or counter-air defence is defined by NATO as "all measures designed to nullify or reduce the effectiveness of hostile air action". They include surface based, subsurface (submarine launched), and air-based weapon systems, associated sensor systems, command and control arrangements and passive measures (e.g. barrage balloons). It may be used to protect naval, ground, and air forces in any location. However, for most countries the main effort has tended to be 'homeland defence'. NATO refers to airborne air defence as counter-air and naval air defence as anti-aircraft warfare. Missile defence is an extension of air defence as are initiatives to adapt air defence to the task of intercepting any projectile in flight.
In some countries, such as Britain and Germany during the Second World War, the Soviet Union, NATO, and the United States, ground-based air defence and air defence aircraft have been under integrated command and control. However, while overall air defence may be for homeland defence including military facilities, forces in the field, wherever they are, invariably deploy their own air defence capability if there is an air threat. A surface-based air defence capability can also be deployed offensively to deny the use of airspace to an opponent.
Until the 1950s, guns firing ballistic munitions ranging from 7.62 mm to 152.4 mm were the standard weapons; guided missiles then became dominant, except at the very shortest ranges (as with close-in weapon systems, which typically use rotary autocannons or, in very modern systems, surface-to-air adaptations of short range air-to-air missiles).