Gallienus | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2018-12-03

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Gallienus


00:01:47 1 Life
00:01:55 1.1 Rise to power
00:03:39 1.2 Early reign and the revolt of Ingenuus
00:06:12 1.3 Invasion of the Alemanni
00:07:52 1.4 The revolt of Regalianus
00:08:53 1.5 Capture of Valerian, revolt of Macrianus
00:11:22 1.6 The revolt of Postumus
00:13:36 1.7 The revolt of Aemilianus
00:14:44 1.8 Herulian invasions, revolt of Aureolus, conspiracy and death
00:17:48 2 Legacy
00:18:14 2.1 Military reforms
00:19:08 2.2 Decree of Toleration
00:19:37 3 In popular culture
00:19:47 3.1 Films
00:20:03 3.2 Novels
00:20:22 4 See also



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SUMMARY
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Gallienus (; Latin: Publius Licinius Egnatius Gallienus Augustus; c. 218 – September 268), also known as Gallien, was Roman Emperor with his father Valerian from 22 October 253 to spring 260 and alone from spring 260 to September 268. He ruled during the Crisis of the Third Century that nearly caused the collapse of the empire. While he won a number of military victories, he was unable to prevent the secession of important provinces. His 15-year reign was the longest since the 19-year rule of Caracalla.
Born into a wealthy and traditional senatorial family, Gallienus was the son of Valerian and Mariniana. Valerian became Emperor on 22 October 253 and had the Roman senate elevate Gallienus to the ranks of Caesar and Augustus. Valerian divided the empire between him and his son, with Valerian ruling the east and his son the west. Gallienus defeated the usurper Ingenuus in 258 and destroyed an Alemanni army at Mediolanum in 259.
The defeat and capture of Valerian at Edessa in 260 by the Sasanian Empire threw the Roman Empire into the chaos of civil war. Control of the whole empire passed to Gallienus. He defeated the eastern usurpers Macrianus Major Mussius Aemilianus in 261–262 but failed to stop the formation of the breakaway Gallic Empire under general Postumus. Aureolus, another usurper, proclaimed himself emperor in Mediolanum in 268 but was defeated outside the city by Gallienus and besieged inside. While the siege was ongoing, Gallienus was stabbed to death by the officer Cecropius as part of a conspiracy.