Cultural relativism | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-10-06

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultural_relativism


00:01:17 1 Epistemological origins
00:02:34 2 As a methodological and heuristic device
00:03:52 2.1 As a methodological tool
00:05:48 2.2 As a heuristic tool
00:07:44 3 As a critical device
00:09:01 4 Comparison to moral relativism
00:10:58 4.1 Statement on human rights
00:12:54 5 Current debates
00:14:11 5.1 Post-colonial politics
00:15:29 5.2 Political critique
00:16:46 5.3 Defense by Clifford Geertz
00:18:42 6 Use by nations
00:20:00 7 See also



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- Socrates


SUMMARY
=======
Cultural relativism is the idea that a person's beliefs, values, and practices should be understood based on that person's own culture, rather than be judged against the criteria of another.
It was established as axiomatic in anthropological research by Franz Boas in the first few decades of the 20th century and later popularized by his students.  Boas first articulated the idea in 1887: "civilization is not something absolute, but ... is relative, and ... our ideas and conceptions are true only so far as our civilization goes". However, Boas did not coin the term. 
The first use of the term recorded in the Oxford English Dictionary was by philosopher and social theorist Alain Locke in 1924 to describe Robert Lowie's "extreme cultural relativism", found in the latter's 1917 book Culture and Ethnology.  The term became common among anthropologists after Boas' death in 1942, to express their synthesis of a number of ideas Boas had developed. Boas believed that the sweep of cultures, to be found in connection with any sub species, is so vast and pervasive that there cannot be a relationship between culture and race. Cultural relativism involves specific epistemological and methodological claims.  Whether or not these claims necessitate a specific ethical stance is a matter of debate. This principle should not be confused with moral relativism.