Halabja chemical attack | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 21/01/2019

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halabja_chemical_attack


00:02:15 1 Background
00:03:20 2 Chemical attack
00:09:09 3 Aftermath
00:09:18 3.1 Discovery and response
00:13:31 3.2 Destruction and partial restoration of Halabja
00:14:26 3.3 Medical and genetic consequences
00:16:14 3.4 Trials of Saddam and 'Chemical Ali'
00:20:11 4 International sources for technology and chemical precursors
00:24:24 5 Controversies
00:24:33 5.1 Allegations of Iranian involvement
00:32:13 5.2 2006 Halabja memorial riot
00:33:09 6 In popular culture
00:34:25 7 See also



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SUMMARY
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The Halabja chemical attack (Kurdish:  Kîmyabarana Helebce کیمیابارانی ھەڵەبجە), also known as the Halabja Massacre or Bloody Friday, was a massacre against the Kurdish people that took place on March 16, 1988, during the closing days of the Iran–Iraq War in the Kurdish city of Halabja in Iraq. The attack was part of the Al-Anfal Campaign in northern Iraq, as well as part of the Iraqi attempt to repel the Iranian Operation Zafar 7. It took place 48 hours after the fall of the town to the Iranian army. A United Nations (UN) medical investigation concluded that mustard gas was used in the attack, along with unidentified nerve agents.The attack killed between 3,200 and 5,000 people and injured 7,000 to 10,000 more, most of them civilians. Preliminary results from surveys of the affected region showed an increased rate of cancer incidence and birth defects in the years after the attack. The incident, which has been officially defined by Supreme Iraqi Criminal Tribunal as a genocidal massacre against the Kurdish people in Iraq, was the largest chemical weapons attack directed against a civilian-populated area in history.The Halabja attack has been recognized as a distinct event of the Anfal Genocide conducted against the Kurdish people by the Iraqi regime under Saddam Hussein. The Iraqi High Criminal Court recognized the Halabja massacre as an act of genocide on March 1, 2010, a decision welcomed by the Kurdistan Regional Government. The attack was also condemned as a crime against humanity by the Parliament of Canada. In 2010, high-ranking Iraqi official Ali Hassan al-Majid was found guilty of ordering the attack and sentenced to death.