Why does Exophthalmos occur in Graves’ Disease? What is Thyroid Eye Disease? Graves Ophthalmopathy
Channel: Decoded Medicine
Date: 2022-03-27

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The term exophthalmos is derived from two root words, exo=out, ophthalmos=protrusion of the eyeball.
Graves' disease is an autoimmune cause of hyperthyroidism where TSIs act like TSH and increase thyroid hormone secretion.
TSIs or Thyroid Stimulating Immunoglobulins also exert effects on the preadipocyte fibroblasts of the eye. Due to the effects of TSIs, these fibroblasts release cytokines, which inturn stimulate production of glycosaminoglycans or GAGs that have water attracting properties. This leads to accumulation of water in fibroblasts of the eye, leading to edema.
Fibroblasts are more in the retroorbital tissues of the eye. This explains the retro-orbital edema seen in Graves' disease.
Retro-orbital (means behind the orbit) tissues are swollen leading to protrusion of the eyeballs.
This explains exophthalmos in Graves' disease.

Also Known as
Graves Orbitopathy
Graves Ophthalmopathy
Thyroid Eye Disease
Thyroid Oculopathy


Timestamps
0:00 Introduction
0:15 Exophthalmos
1:30 Graves' Disease
5:54 Exophthalmos in Graves’ Disease