25 Rajab Shahadat e Imam Musa Kazim A S | jhonkay khizan ke
Channel: Durood o Salam Life
Date: 06/02/2024

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Musa ibn Ja'far al-Kazim (Arabic: مُوسَىٰ ٱبْن جَعْفَر ٱلْكَاظِم, romanized: Mūsā ibn Jaʿfar al-Kāẓim; c. 745–799) was a descendant of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and the seventh imam in Twelver Shia Islam. Musa is often known by the title al-Kazim (lit. 'forbearing'), apparently a reference to his patience and mild demeanor. He was born in 745 CE in Medina to Ja'far al-Sadiq, the sixth Shia imam, who died in 765 without publicly designating a successor to save his heir from the wrath of the Abbasid caliphs. The subsequent crisis of succession was eventually resolved in favor of al-Kazim, with a dissenting group, now known as the Isma'ilis, separating from the mainstream Shia.

After the death of al-Sadiq, Musa al-Kazim remained in Medina, where he kept aloof from politics and devoted himself to religious teachings. He was nevertheless tightly restricted by the Abbasid caliphs and spent much of his adult life in their prisons. To counter these restrictions, he established an underground network of local representatives to organize the affairs of his followers across the Abbasid empire and to collect their religious donations. His final imprisonment, circa 795, ended with his death in 799 in a Baghdad prison, possibly poisoned at the instigation of the Abbasid caliph Harun al-Rashid. The shrine of al-Kazim and his grandson, Muhammad al-Jawad, is a popular pilgrimage destination for Twelver Muslims in Kazimayn, Baghdad.

Musa al-Kazim played a key role in eradicating extreme views and exaggerations (ghuluww) from Twelver thought. His answers to legal questions have survived in Wasiyya fi al-aql, and he is credited with numerous supplications. Musa al-Kazim is also revered for his piety in Sunni Islam and considered a reliable transmitter of prophetic sayings. He is a link in the initiatic Golden Chain in Sufism, and some Sufi saints are often associated with him. Various nonprophetic miracles are attributed to al-Kazim, often emphasizing his precognition. He was succeeded to the imamate by his son, Ali al-Rida.
After the death of al-Sadiq
After the death of al-Sadiq, Musa al-Kazim remained in Medina,[3] where he stayed out of politics, similar to most of his predecessors.[12][13] As with his father, al-Kazim instead taught religious sciences in Medina.[1][14] Over time, he also established an underground network of representatives (wukala) to collect religious donations from his followers and organize their affairs.[15]

Reign of Harun al-Rashid (r. 786–809)
The persecution of the Shia reached a climax during the caliphate of Harun, who is said to have killed hundreds of Alids.[30] Harun also arrested al-Kazim, brought him to Baghdad, and was apparently intent on killing him but then set him free as a result of a dream, it is said.[30][35] Harun was perhaps provoked by an earlier incident, according to the Sunni historian Ibn Khallikan (d. 1282): When the two men visited the tomb of Muhammad in Medina, Harun, intent on showing his family ties to the prophet, had said, "Salutation unto thee, O prophet of God, unto thee who art my cousin!" Musa al-Kazim apparently countered with, "Salutation unto thee, O my dear father!" This angered Harun, who retorted, "O Abu al-Hasan [al-Kazim], such glory as thine is truly to be vaunted of!"[36]
Death (799)
Shrine of al-Kazim in Kazimiyan, Baghdad
Shrine
Harun brought several public figures to examine al-Kazim's body and testify that he had died naturally.[39][30] The caliph also publicly displayed the body of al-Kazim in Baghdad, perhaps to dispel the rumors that he had not died and would return as the Mahdi, the Messianic figure in Islam.[30][1][43] Later al-Kazim was buried in the Quraysh cemetery in northwest Baghdad,[14][19] which is now located in Kazimayn (lit. 'the two Kazims'), a city named after him and his grandson, Muhammad al-Jawad, who is buried next to him.[15][44] At first a dangerous site for Shia visitors, the burial site in time became an important center for Shia pilgrimage.[1][14][45] A shrine has stood over the two graves since the time of the Buyid dynasty (r. 934–1062), but the present complex dates to the Safavid monarch Isma'il (r. 1501–1524), the Twelver ruler of Iran.[30] The shrine of al-Kazim has over time acquired a reputation as a place where prayers are fulfilled, that is, a gate to the fulfilment of needs (bab al-hawaij), as attested by the Sunni scholar al-Shafi'i (d. 820).[46] Also buried there are a number of medieval Shia scholars,[47] including the polymath Nasir al-Din al-Tusi