PGM-19 Jupiter | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-06-21

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PGM-19_Jupiter


00:02:55 1 Development history
00:03:05 1.1 Redstone
00:07:21 1.2 Initial concept
00:10:59 1.3 IRBM battles
00:14:54 1.4 Navy interest
00:16:41 1.5 Development begins
00:19:28 1.6 Navy exit
00:22:05 1.7 Jupiter vs. Thor
00:26:09 1.8 Army to Air Force
00:28:48 1.9 Saved from cancellation
00:30:41 1.10 Lingering complaints
00:31:48 1.11 Army to NASA
00:34:08 2 Testing
00:34:16 2.1 Engines
00:36:09 2.2 Jupiter-A
00:37:53 2.3 Jupiter-C
00:39:28 2.4 Static tests
00:40:49 2.5 Flight tests
00:50:43 2.6 Biological flights
00:53:35 3 Operational deployment
00:58:21 3.1 Deployment sites
01:03:10 4 Description
01:06:05 5 Specifications (Jupiter MRBM)
01:09:20 6 Launch vehicle derivatives
01:10:21 7 Specifications (Juno II launch vehicle)
01:11:23 8 Jupiter MRBM and Juno II launches
01:11:43 9 1957
01:11:53 10 1958
01:12:03 11 1959
01:12:13 12 1960
01:12:23 13 1961
01:12:33 14 1962
01:12:43 15 1963
01:12:53 16 Operators
01:13:02 16.1 Former operators
01:13:50 17 Surviving examples
01:16:23 18 See also



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SUMMARY
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The PGM-19 Jupiter was the first nuclear tipped, medium-range ballistic missile (MRBM) of the United States Air Force (USAF). It was a liquid-propellant rocket using RP-1 fuel and LOX oxidizer, with a single Rocketdyne LR70-NA (model S-3D) rocket engine producing 667 kN of thrust. It was armed with the 1.44 megaton W49 nuclear warhead. The prime contractor was the Chrysler Corporation.
The Jupiter was originally designed by the US Army, which was looking for a highly accurate missile designed to strike high-value targets like bridges, railway yards, troop concentrations and the like. The Navy also expressed an interest in the design as an SLBM, but left the collaboration to work on their Polaris. Jupiter retained the short, squat shape intended to fit in naval submarines.
The U.S. Army set accuracy goals so high that some expressed skepticism they could be met, but the Redstone Arsenal team successfully designed a system with a circular error probable (CEP) of 0.5 miles (0.80 km), substantially more accurate than designs like the US Air Force's Thor ICBM. A presidential report suggested this made it the most valuable missile then being developed. This led to continual inter-service fighting between the Army and Air Force, and ultimately to Charles Erwin Wilson's decision to give the Jupiter missiles to the U.S. Air Force.
The Air Force were never greatly interested in supporting Jupiter; they saw no need for its accuracy in their battle plans and had their own Thor with longer range. Production went ahead and the nuclear tipped missiles were deployed in both Italy and Turkey in 1961 due to NATO's Cold War deterrence against the Soviet Union. All were then later removed by the United States as part of a secret agreement (The Secret Deal) with the Soviet Union during the Cuban Missile Crisis. They were considered to be outdated. It was also used as the basis for a satellite launcher known as Juno II, but had a short and unsuccessful career in this role. It is unclear as to what happened to the missiles in Italy, but they too were removed at some point.