Doctorate | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2018-12-25

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doctorate


00:01:10 1 History
00:01:19 1.1 Middle Ages
00:03:00 1.2 17th century
00:05:37 1.3 Modern times
00:09:35 2 Types
00:10:04 2.1 Research doctorate
00:12:41 2.2 Licentiate
00:13:57 2.3 Higher doctorate and post-doctoral degrees
00:16:22 2.4 Professional doctorate
00:20:12 2.5 Honorary
00:20:50 3 National variations
00:21:00 3.1 Argentina
00:21:59 3.2 Brazil
00:25:46 3.3 Denmark
00:26:53 3.4 Egypt
00:28:10 3.5 Finland
00:33:25 3.6 France
00:37:42 3.7 Germany
00:41:46 3.8 India
00:42:26 3.9 Italy
00:45:14 3.10 Japan
00:45:22 3.10.1 Dissertation-only
00:46:35 3.10.2 Professional degree
00:47:13 3.11 Netherlands and Flanders
00:52:38 3.12 Russia
00:53:29 3.13 Spain
00:57:10 3.14 United Kingdom
00:57:19 3.14.1 History of the UK doctorate
00:58:59 3.14.2 British doctorates today
01:01:30 3.14.3 Subject specialist doctorates
01:03:50 3.14.4 Higher doctorates
01:05:56 3.14.5 Honorary degrees
01:06:33 3.15 United States
01:07:59 3.15.1 Research degrees
01:10:27 3.15.2 Professional degrees
01:12:02 4 Revocation
01:12:26 5 See also



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SUMMARY
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A doctorate (from Latin docere, "to teach") or doctor's degree (from Latin doctor, "teacher") or doctoral degree (from the ancient formalism licentia docendi) is an academic degree awarded by universities that is, in most countries, a research degree that qualifies the holder to teach at the university level in the degree's field, or to work in a specific profession. There are a variety of doctoral degrees, with the most common being the Doctor of Philosophy (PhD), which is awarded in many different fields, ranging from the humanities to the scientific disciplines.
In the United States and some other countries, there are also some types of vocational, technical, or professional degrees that are referred to as doctorates. Professional doctorates have historically come about to meet the needs of practitioners in a variety of disciplines. However, the aims and means of these degrees vary greatly across disciplines making it difficult to claim a universal understanding of professional doctorates. Many universities also award honorary doctorates to individuals who have been deemed worthy of special recognition, either for scholarly work or for other contributions to the university or to society.