Botulism | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: Subhajit Sahu
Date: 2018-12-07

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Botulism


00:01:59 1 Signs and symptoms
00:03:36 1.1 Infant botulism
00:05:31 1.2 Complications
00:06:15 2 Cause
00:07:31 2.1 Colonization of the gut
00:08:11 2.2 Food
00:09:09 2.3 Wound
00:09:39 2.4 Inhalation
00:09:55 2.5 Injection
00:10:09 3 Mechanism
00:13:47 4 Diagnosis
00:15:22 5 Prevention
00:19:22 5.1 Vaccine
00:19:42 6 Treatment
00:20:28 6.1 Antitoxin
00:22:21 7 Prognosis
00:23:02 8 Epidemiology
00:23:18 8.1 United States
00:28:35 8.2 United Kingdom
00:29:17 8.3 China
00:29:37 8.4 Canada
00:30:04 8.5 Ukraine
00:30:23 9 Other species
00:33:42 10 See also



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SUMMARY
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Botulism is a rare and potentially fatal illness caused by a toxin produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum. The disease begins with weakness, blurred vision, feeling tired, and trouble speaking. This may then be followed by weakness of the arms, chest muscles, and legs. Vomiting, swelling of the abdomen, and diarrhea may also occur. The disease does not usually affect consciousness or cause a fever.Botulism can be spread in several different ways.  The bacterial spores which cause it are common in both soil and water. They produce the botulinum toxin when exposed to low oxygen levels and certain temperatures. Foodborne botulism happens when food containing the toxin is eaten. Infant botulism happens when the bacteria develops in the intestines and releases the toxin. This typically only occurs in children less than six months old, as protective mechanisms develop after that time. Wound botulism is found most often among those who inject street drugs. In this situation, spores enter a wound, and in the absence of oxygen, release the toxin. It is not passed directly between people. The diagnosis is confirmed by finding the toxin or bacteria in the person in question.Prevention is primarily by proper food preparation. The toxin, though not the organism, is destroyed by heating it to more than 85 °C (185 °F) for longer than 5 minutes. Honey can contain the organism, and for this reason, honey should not be fed to children under 12 months. Treatment is with an antitoxin. In those who lose their ability to breathe on their own, mechanical ventilation may be necessary for months. Antibiotics may be used for wound botulism. Death occurs in 5 to 10% of people. Botulism also affects many other animals. The word is from Latin, botulus, meaning sausage. Early descriptions of botulism date from at least as far back as 1793 in Germany.