Cofactor engineering | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-07-10

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cofactor_engineering


00:01:48 1 Background
00:04:03 2 Significance
00:06:42 3 Tools and processes
00:09:18 4 Applications
00:09:28 4.1 Changing an Enzyme's Cofactor From NADPH to NADH
00:12:35 4.2 Changing a Network's Cofactor Preference
00:15:47 4.3 Modifying Metabolite Flux with Cofactor Equilibrium
00:20:00 4.4 Citric acid cycle
00:21:41 4.5 Paper manufacturing
00:22:57 5 Other examples
00:23:14 6 Notes



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SUMMARY
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Cofactor engineering, a subset of metabolic engineering, is defined as the manipulation of the use of cofactors in an  organism’s metabolic pathways.  In cofactor engineering, the concentrations of cofactors are changed in order to maximize or minimize metabolic fluxes.  This type of engineering can be used to optimize the production of a metabolite product or to increase the efficiency of a metabolic network.  The use of engineering single celled organisms to create lucrative chemicals from cheap raw materials is growing, and cofactor engineering can play a crucial role in maximizing production. The field has gained more popularity in the past decade and has several practical applications in chemical manufacturing, bioengineering and pharmaceutical industries.Cofactors are non-protein compounds that bind to proteins and are required for the proteins normal catalytic functionality. Cofactors can be considered “helper molecules” in biological activity, and often affect the functionality of enzymes. Cofactors can be both organic and inorganic compounds.   Some examples of inorganic cofactors are iron or magnesium, and some examples of organic cofactors include ATP or coenzyme A. Organic cofactors are more specifically known as coenzymes, and many enzymes require the addition of coenzymes to assume normal catalytic function in a metabolic reaction.  The coenzymes bind to the active site of an enzyme to promote catalysis.  By engineering cofactors and coenzymes, a naturally occurring metabolic reaction can be manipulated to optimize the output of a metabolic network.