Toxicity | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 06/05/2019

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toxicity


00:01:33 1 Types
00:04:22 2 Measuring
00:07:52 3 Classification
00:08:55 3.1 Health hazards
00:09:26 3.1.1 Acute toxicity
00:10:07 3.1.2 Other methods of exposure and severity
00:11:26 3.1.3 Other categories
00:12:16 3.2 Environmental hazards
00:12:47 3.2.1 Common types of environmental hazards
00:13:31 3.2.2 Occupational hazards
00:13:56 3.2.2.1 Hazards for small businesses
00:14:05 3.2.2.2 Hazards from medical waste and prescription disposal
00:14:15 3.2.2.3 Hazards in the arts
00:15:35 3.2.3 Mapping environmental hazards
00:16:32 3.2.4 Aquatic toxicity
00:17:26 4 Factors influencing toxicity
00:18:36 5 Etymology
00:18:50 6 See also



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SUMMARY
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Toxicity is the degree to which a chemical substance or a particular mixture of substances can damage an organism. Toxicity can refer to the effect on a whole organism, such as an animal, bacterium, or plant, as well as the effect on a substructure of the organism, such as a cell (cytotoxicity) or an organ such as the liver (hepatotoxicity). By extension, the word may be metaphorically used to describe toxic effects on larger and more complex groups, such as the family unit or society at large. Sometimes the word is more or less synonymous with poisoning in everyday usage.
A central concept of toxicology is that the effects of a toxicant are dose-dependent; even water can lead to water intoxication when taken in too high a dose, whereas for even a very toxic substance such as snake venom there is a dose below which there is no detectable toxic effect. Considering the limitations of this dose-response concept, a novel Drug Toxicity Index (DTI) has been proposed recently.  DTI redefines drug toxicity, identifies hepatotoxic drugs, gives mechanistic insights, predicts clinical outcomes and has potential as a screening tool.  Toxicity is species-specific, making cross-species analysis problematic. Newer paradigms and metrics are evolving to bypass animal testing, while maintaining the concept of toxicity endpoints.