growth of nationalism | देशभक्ति | indian national movement | INC | Congress | reform movements
Channel: Ace Abhilash Tutorials By Abhilash Sinha
Date: 2020-05-15

this lecture deals with the following events of growth of nationalism under indian national movement:

nationalism;
growth of nationalism;
INC (Indian National Congress) 1885;
first war of independence 1857;
socio-religious reform movements;
role of press;
economic exploitation;
repressive colonial policies;
Lord Lytton's following highlights from 1876 to 1880
1. a Grand Delhi Durbar 1877;
2. The Vernacular Press Act 1878; repealed by Lord Ripon;
3. The Indian Arms Act 1878;
4. Age limit for ICS Examination;
5. Import Duties;
6. Ilbert Bill 1883;

Started with the impact of western education that led to a rational, humanitarian & scientific approach to life, this made the educated Indians realise the need to reform their religion & society. Prominent reformers & their movements are as follows:-
1. Raja Ram Mohan Roy – Brahmo Samaj – August 20th 1828
2. Swami Dayanand Saraswati – Arya Samaj – April 10th 1875
3. Swami Vivekananda – RamaKrishna Mission – May 1st 1897
4. Jyotiba Phule – Satya Shodhak Samaj – September 24th 1873 

Raja Ram Mohan Roy

To do away with the religious & social evils which were prevalent in Bengal; 
Well known for his religious, social, intellectual & political regeneration;
A great humanist, who stressed the unity of all religion;
Studied Sanskrit & Hindi philosophy, the Quran as well as Persian & Arabic Literature;
To study the Bible, he learnt Greek & Hebrew language; He started a paper in Persian “Mirat-ul-Akhbar”
Wrote Gift of Monotheists in Persian where he put forward his views against beliefs in many Gods and for the worship of a single God; He started a Benagli Weekly - Samwad Kamudi in 1821.
In 1814 he started the Atmiya Sabha; 
Earlier name of Brahmo Samaj was Brahmo Sabha.
Abolition of sati; purdah system; polygamy; child marriage, widow remarriage
Father of Indian Renaissance;  the prophet of Indian Nationalism; William Bentick the then GGI supported him;

Swami Dayanand Saraswati

a monotheistic Indian Hindu reform movement;
that promotes values and practices based on the belief in the infallible authority of the Vedas;
the samaj was founded by the sannyasi (ascetic) Dayanand Saraswati on 10 April 1875;
Members of the Arya Samaj believe in one God and reject the worship of idols;
The Arya Samaj was established in Bombay;
The Samaj is associated with the Dayanand Anglo Vedic (DAV) schools which number over two hundred

Swami Vivekananda

a Hindu religious and spiritual organisation which forms the core of a worldwide spiritual movement known as the Ramakrishna Movement or the Vedanta Movement;
The mission is named after and inspired by the Indian saint Ramakrishna Paramahamsa;
founded by Ramakrishna's chief disciple Swami Vivekananda on 1 May 1897;
Apart from religious and spiritual teaching the organisation carries out extensive educational and philanthropic work in India;
The mission bases its work on the principles of karma yoga, the principle of selfless work done with dedication to God;

Jyotiba Phule

An urban-educated, so-called low caste, personal experiences had made him critical of Hindu religion & customs;
Upliftment of women, his wife Savitribai Phule started one of the first girls school in Pune;
Pioneered widow remarriage movement in Maharashtra;
Liberate the depressed class and make them aware of their rights by educating them;
Caste Structure was prevalent in India as an epitome of slavery;
In his famous book “Ghulamgiri” he described the hardships & distress felt by the lower castes;
Social Justice for lower castes

role of press

Started in the later half of the 19th century;
Prominent newspapers viz. Amrit Bazar Patrika, The Bengali, The Tribune, The Pioneer, The Times of India, The Hindus & the Statesman in English;
Newspaper played a significant role in developing a strong national sentiment among the Indians;
Following concepts devised & benefits of newspaper:-
1. spread the message of patriotism;
2. carry on daily criticism of unjust policies of the British Government;
3. Exchange of views made easy in entire nation & people get to know about global news as well.

PRECURSORS OF THE INC (Indian national congress)

The first political association to be started in India was Landholders’ Society in Kolkata in 1838;
Others were formed later viz. Bengal British India Society, British India Association, East India Association, The Poona Sarvajanik Sabha, London Indian Society & Indian Associates;
These associations served as the base for the formation of Congress – an all India political organisation

1. East India Association, founded in London in 1866 by Dadabhai Naoroji – the Grand Old Man of India
2. Indian Association, headed by Surendranath Banerjee, was a body of public opinion & promote friendly relations
3. Indian National Conference founded in 1883, it was a merger association; merger took place in December 1886

Surendranath Banerjee;
Dadabhai Naoroji;
Pherozeshah Mehta;
Badruddin Tyabji;
Justice MG Ranade;
Allan Octavian Hume (A.O.. Hume);