A Deep Analysis of Art. - 13 with Spl. Ref. to Art. 368 of Indian Constitution | Adv. Prafful Gupta
Channel: Law Classroom
Date: 30/07/2020

A Deep Analysis of Article - 13 with Special Reference to Article 368 of Indian Constitution | Adv. Prafful Gupta, B.A.LL.B (Hons.) Gold Medalist, M.P. High Court, Jabalpur.

13. Laws inconsistent with or in derogation of the fundamental rights.—
(1) All laws in force in the territory of India immediately before the commencement of this Constitution, in so far as they are inconsistent with the provisions of this Part, shall, to the extent of such inconsistency, be void.
(2) The State shall not make any law which takes away or abridges the rights conferred by this Part and
any law made in contravention of this clause shall, to the extent of the contravention, be void.
(3) In this article, unless the context otherwise requires,—
(a) “law” includes any Ordinance, order, bye-law, rule, regulation, notification, custom or usage
having in the territory of India the force of law;
(b) “laws in force” includes laws passed or made by a Legislature or other competent authority in
the territory of India before the commencement of this Constitution and not previously repealed,
notwithstanding that any such law or any part thereof may not be then in operation either at all or in
particular areas.

[(4) Nothing in this article shall apply to any amendment of this Constitution made under article 368.]

AMENDMENT OF THE CONSTITUTION
368.[Power of Parliament to amend the Constitution and procedure therefor.]— 
[(1)
Notwithstanding anything in this Constitution, Parliament may in exercise of its constituent power amend by way of addition, variation or repeal any provision of this Constitution in accordance with the procedure
laid down in this article.]
[(2)] An amendment of this Constitution may be initiated only by the introduction of a Bill for the purpose in either House of Parliament, and when the Bill is passed in each House by a majority of the total membership of that House and by a majority of not less than two-thirds of the members of that Housepresent and voting,
[it shall be presented to the President who shall give his assent to the Bill andthereupon] the Constitution shall stand amended in accordance with the terms of the Bill:

Provided that if such amendment seeks to make any change in—
(a) article 54, article 55, article 73, 9
[article 162, article241 or article 279A] or
(b) Chapter IV of Part V, Chapter V of Part VI, or Chapter I of Part XI, or
(c) any of the Lists in the Seventh Schedule, or
(d) the representation of States in Parliament, or
(e) the provisions of this article,
the amendment shall also require to be ratified by the Legislatures of not less than one-half of the States
1*** by resolutions to that effect passed by those Legislatures before the Bill making provision for such amendment is presented to the President for assent.

[(3) Nothing in article 13 shall apply to any amendment made under this article.]
[(4) No amendment of this Constitution (including the provisions of Part III) made or purporting to have been made under this article whether before or after the commencement of section 55 of the Constitution (Forty-second Amendment) Act, 1976] shall be called in question in any court on any ground.
(5) For the removal of doubts, it is hereby declared that there shall be no limitation whatever on the constituent power of Parliament to amend by way of addition, variation or repeal the provisions of this Constitution under this article.

अनुच्छेद - 13, भारत का संविधान 

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