National and regional identity in Spain | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 23/12/2018

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_and_regional_identity_in_Spain


00:02:03 1 Aspects of unity and diversity within Spain
00:02:14 1.1 Geographical
00:03:17 1.2 Historical
00:03:25 1.2.1 Roman and Islamic conquests
00:04:27 1.2.2 iReconquista/i: Rise of the Christian states
00:05:44 1.2.3 Unification
00:07:41 1.2.4 19th- and 20th-century movements
00:09:21 1.2.5 Autonomous communities
00:11:25 1.3 Linguistic
00:12:22 1.4 Economic
00:14:08 2 Expressions of unity and diversity
00:14:18 2.1 Social attitudes
00:16:06 2.2 Political parties and movements
00:17:00 2.2.1 Nationalism
00:17:45 2.2.2 Regionalism
00:18:31 2.3 Culture and traditions
00:18:58 3 Spanish nationalism
00:21:53 4 Territories of the former Crown of Aragon
00:23:31 4.1 Catalan Countries
00:24:12 4.2 Catalonia
00:24:21 4.2.1 Geography
00:24:52 4.2.2 History
00:28:32 4.2.3 Catalan language
00:29:55 4.2.4 Economy
00:30:29 4.2.5 Politics
00:33:07 4.3 Valencia
00:38:27 4.4 Balearic Islands
00:41:15 4.5 Aragon
00:43:12 5 Northern and northwestern territories
00:44:46 5.1 The Basque Country
00:44:55 5.1.1 Geography
00:45:53 5.1.2 History
00:50:13 5.1.3 Demographics and language
00:51:33 5.1.4 Economy
00:52:15 5.1.5 Politics
00:54:06 5.2 Navarre
00:57:09 5.3 Cantabria
00:59:25 5.4 Asturias
01:01:07 5.5 Galicia
01:05:50 6 Central Spain
01:06:00 6.1 Castile
01:08:48 6.2 León
01:10:31 6.3 La Rioja
01:11:38 7 Southern Spain
01:11:47 7.1 Andalusia
01:17:18 7.1.1 Eastern Andalusia
01:18:21 7.1.2 Gitanos
01:18:49 7.2 Canary Islands
01:21:25 7.3 Extremadura
01:23:40 7.4 Murcia
01:25:10 7.5 Ceuta and Melilla
01:27:34 8 See also



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SUMMARY
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Both the perceived nationhood of Spain, and the perceived distinctions between different parts of its territory are said to derive from historical, geographical, linguistic, economic, political and social factors.
Present-day Spain was formed in the wake of the expansion of the Christian states in northern Spain, a process known as the Reconquista. The Reconquista, ending with the Fall of Granada in 1492, was followed by a contested process of religious and linguistic unification and political centralisation, which began under the Catholic Monarchs and continued intermittently into the 20th century. Peripheral nationalism in its modern form arose chiefly in Cuba, Catalonia and the Basque Country during the 19th century. The modern division of Spain into Autonomous Communities embodies an attempt to recognise nationalities and regional identities within Spain as a basis for devolution of power.
From the Reconquista onwards, in most parts of the peninsula, territories have identified themselves as distinct from the rest of Spain in one of three ways. In the north: Galicia, León, Cantabria, Asturias, the Basque Country and Navarre; and the east: Aragon, Catalonia, Balearic Islands and Valencia distinguish themselves through claims of historical independence and, often, the presence of a native minority language. Many of these areas also identify with Christian kingdoms from the early Reconquista, before dynastic unions linked the provinces. In the south, some Andalusians claim a unique regional identity through either more recent Muslim occupation or through the longer-lasting presence of Morisco culture. In central Spain, entities have identities historically connected to the Kingdom of Castile. 
Demands for greater autonomy or full independence remain in certain regions, conflicting with the view that decentralisation has already gone far enough. The most dramatic recent manifestations of separatism have been the violent campaign by the Basque ETA group in the late 20th century, and the unilateral Catalan declaration of independence in 2017.