Intel 4004 | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-01-13

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_4004


00:02:07 1 Contemporaneous CPU chips
00:04:08 2 History and production
00:11:05 2.1 Name and variants
00:15:40 3 Technical specifications
00:18:21 3.1 Logic levels
00:18:30 3.2 Support chips
00:21:04 3.3 Packaging
00:21:49 4 Use
00:23:21 5 Legacy and value



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SUMMARY
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The Intel 4004 is a 4-bit central processing unit (CPU) released by Intel Corporation in 1971. It was the first commercially available microprocessor by Intel, and the first in a long line of Intel CPUs.
The chip design started in April 1970, when Federico Faggin joined Intel, and was completed under his leadership in January 1971.  The first commercial sale of the fully operational 4004 occurred in March 1971 to Busicom Corp. of Japan for which it was originally designed and built as a custom chip. In mid-November of the same year, with the prophetic ad "Announcing a new era in integrated electronics", the 4004 was made commercially available to the general market. The 4004 was the first commercially available monolithic processor, fully integrated in one small chip. Such a feat of integration was made possible by the use of the then-new silicon gate technology for integrated circuits, originally developed by Faggin (with Tom Klein) at Fairchild Semiconductor in 1968, which allowed twice the number of random-logic transistors and an increase in speed by a factor of five compared to the incumbent MOS aluminum gate technology. Faggin also invented the bootstrap load with silicon gate and the “buried contact”, improving speed and circuit density compared with aluminum gate.The 4004 microprocessor, the 4001 ROM, 4002 RAM, and 4003 Shift Register constituted the 4 chips in the Intel MCS-4 chip-set. With these components, small computers with varying amounts of memory and I/O facilities can be built.