California Gold Rush | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: Subhajit Sahu
Date: 05/12/2018

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
California Gold Rush


00:03:06 1 History
00:04:04 1.1 Discovery announced
00:05:39 1.2 Transportation to California
00:06:41 1.3 Supplies and goods needed
00:07:14 1.4 Northern California strikes
00:08:38 1.5 Indigenous driven out
00:09:53 1.6 Earlier discoveries of gold
00:11:09 2 Forty-niners
00:17:03 2.1 Homosexuality in San Francisco
00:17:34 3 Legal rights
00:20:08 4 Development of gold-recovery techniques
00:24:03 5 Profits
00:26:20 5.1 Path of the gold
00:27:53 6 Near-term effects
00:28:31 6.1 Development of government and commerce
00:30:24 6.2 Impact on Native Americans
00:34:35 6.3 World-wide economic stimulation
00:36:00 7 Longer-term effects
00:38:34 8 Cultural references
00:38:57 9 See also



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SUMMARY
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The California Gold Rush (1848–1855) began on January 24, 1848, when gold was found by James W. Marshall at Sutter's Mill in Coloma, California. The news of gold brought approximately 300,000 people to California from the rest of the United States and abroad. The sudden influx of gold into the money supply reinvigorated the American economy, and the sudden population increase allowed California to go rapidly to statehood, in the Compromise of 1850. The Gold Rush had severe effects on Native Californians and resulted in a precipitous population decline from disease, genocide and starvation. By the time it ended, California had gone from a thinly populated ex-Mexican territory, to having one of its first two U.S. Senators, John C. Frémont, selected to be the first presidential nominee for the new Republican Party, in 1856.
The effects of the Gold Rush were substantial. Whole indigenous societies were attacked and pushed off their lands by the gold-seekers, called "forty-niners" (referring to 1849, the peak year for Gold Rush immigration). Outside of California, the first to arrive were from Oregon, the Sandwich Islands (Hawaii), and Latin America in late 1848. Of the approximately 300,000 people who came to California during the Gold Rush, about half arrived by sea and half came overland on the California Trail and the Gila River trail; forty-niners often faced substantial hardships on the trip. While most of the newly arrived were Americans, the gold rush attracted thousands from Latin America, Europe, Australia, and China. Agriculture and ranching expanded throughout the state to meet the needs of the settlers. San Francisco grew from a small settlement of about 200 residents in 1846 to a boomtown of about 36,000 by 1852. Roads, churches, schools and other towns were built throughout California. In 1849 a state constitution was written. The new constitution was adopted by referendum vote, and the future state's interim first governor and legislature were chosen. In September 1850, California became a state.
At the beginning of the Gold Rush, there was no law regarding property rights in the goldfields and a system of "staking claims" was developed. Prospectors retrieved the gold from streams and riverbeds using simple techniques, such as panning. Although the mining caused environmental harm, more sophisticated methods of gold recovery were developed and later adopted around the world. New methods of transportation developed as steamships came into regular service. By 1869, railroads were built from California to the eastern United States. At its peak, technological advances reached a point where significant financing was required, increasing the proportion of gold companies to individual miners. Gold worth tens of billions of today's US dollars was recovered, which led to great wealth for a few, though many who participated in the California Gold Rush earned little more than they had started with.