Pharaoh | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 23/06/2019

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharaoh


00:02:22 1 Etymology
00:07:19 2 List of Pharaohs
00:07:28 3 Regalia
00:07:38 3.1 Scepters and staves
00:09:05 3.2 The Uraeus
00:09:29 4 Crowns and headdresses
00:09:39 4.1 Deshret
00:10:07 4.2 Hedjet
00:10:26 4.3 Pschent
00:10:54 4.4 Khat
00:11:19 4.5 Nemes
00:11:51 4.6 Atef
00:12:15 4.7 Hemhem
00:12:44 4.8 Khepresh
00:13:14 4.9 Physical evidence
00:14:05 5 Titles
00:15:00 5.1 iNesu Bity/i name
00:15:39 5.2 Horus name
00:16:36 5.3 iNebty/i name
00:17:07 5.4 Golden Horus
00:17:51 5.5 Nomen and prenomen
00:18:25 6 See also



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SUMMARY
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Pharaoh (, US also ; Coptic: ⲡⲣ̅ⲣⲟ Pǝrro) is the common title of the monarchs of ancient Egypt from the First Dynasty (c. 3150 BCE) until the annexation of Egypt by the Roman Empire in 30 BCE, although the actual term "Pharaoh" was not used contemporaneously for a ruler until Merneptah, c. 1200 BCE. In the early dynasty, ancient Egyptian kings used to have up to three titles, the Horus, the Sedge and Bee (nswt-bjtj) name, and the Two Ladies (nbtj) name. The Golden Horus and nomen and prenomen titles were later added.
In Egyptian society, religion was central to everyday life. One of the roles of the pharaoh was as an intermediary between the gods and the people. The pharaoh thus deputised for the gods; his role was both as civil and religious administrator. He owned all of the land in Egypt, enacted laws, collected taxes, and defended Egypt from invaders as the commander-in-chief of the army. Religiously, the pharaoh officiated over religious ceremonies and chose the sites of new temples. He was responsible for maintaining Maat (mꜣꜥt), or cosmic order, balance, and justice, and part of this included going to war when necessary to defend the country or attacking others when it was believed that this would contribute to Maat, such as to obtain resources.During the early days prior to the unification of Upper and Lower Egypt, the Deshret or the "Red Crown", was a representation of the kingdom of Lower Egypt, while the Hedjet, the "White Crown", was worn by the kings of the kingdom of Upper Egypt. After the unification of both kingdoms into one united Egypt, the Pschent, the combination of both the red and white crowns was the official crown of kings. With time new headdresses were introduced during different dynasties like the Khat, Nemes, Atef, Hemhem crown, and Khepresh. At times, it was depicted that a combination of these headdresses or crowns would be worn together.