Aquaporins | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 03/07/2019

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquaporin


00:01:19 1 History
00:02:35 2 Discovery
00:04:15 3 Function
00:05:36 4 Structure
00:07:08 4.1 NPA motif
00:08:36 4.2 ar/R selectivity filter
00:09:34 5 Species distribution
00:09:43 5.1 In mammals
00:10:03 5.2 In plants
00:12:55 5.3 In archaea, eubacteria and fungi
00:13:20 6 Clinical significance



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SUMMARY
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Aquaporins, also called water channels, are integral membrane proteins from a larger family of major intrinsic proteins that form pores in the membrane of biological cells, mainly facilitating transport of water between cells. The cell membranes of a variety of different bacteria, fungi, animal and plant cells contain aquaporins through which water can flow more rapidly into and out of the cell than by diffusing through the phospholipid bilayer. Aquaporin has six membrane-spanning alpha helical domains with both carboxylic and amino terminals on the cytoplasmic side. Two hydrophobic loops contain conserved asparagine-proline-alanine NPA motif. Because Aquaporin is usually always open and is prevalent in just about every cell type, it causes water to almost always flow to down its concentration gradient. This leads to a misconception that water readily passes through the cell membrane down its concentration gradient. This is not true because only non-polar substances can diffuse directly through the lipid bilayer.
The 2003 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded jointly to Peter Agre for the discovery of aquaporins and Roderick MacKinnon for his work on the structure and mechanism of potassium channels.Genetic defects involving aquaporin genes have been associated with several human diseases including nephrogenic diabetes insipidus and neuromyelitis optica.