ALKYL HALIDE PART_5
Channel: chemistry by sandeep sharma
Date: 15/12/2023

alky halide
 An alkyl halide is a chemical compound that contains a halogen atom (fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or iodine) bonded to an alkyl group. Alkyl halides are classified as organic compounds because they contain carbon atoms. They are also known as haloalkanes or halogenated hydrocarbons.

Alkyl halides are commonly used as solvents, degreasers, and cleaning agents. They are also used as intermediates in the synthesis of other organic compounds, such as polymers, pharmaceuticals, and dyes.

Alkyl halides can be synthesized by a variety of methods, including:

* **Alkylation of alkenes:** Alkenes can be reacted with hydrogen halides (HX) to form alkyl halides. This reaction is known as electrophilic addition.
* **Halogenation of alkanes:** Alkanes can be halogenated by reacting them with elemental halogens (X2). This reaction is known as free radical halogenation.
* **Substitution of hydroxyl groups:** Hydroxyl groups (-OH) can be replaced by halogen atoms by reacting them with hydrogen halides (HX). This reaction is known as nucleophilic substitution.

Alkyl halides are reactive compounds and can undergo a variety of reactions, including:

* **Substitution reactions:** Alkyl halides can react with nucleophiles to form new bonds. This reaction is known as nucleophilic substitution.
* **Elimination reactions:** Alkyl halides can also undergo elimination reactions, in which a hydrogen atom and a halogen atom are removed from the molecule to form an alkene. This reaction is known as elimination.
* **Addition reactions:** Alkyl halides can also undergo addition reactions, in which a new atom or group of atoms is added to the molecule. This reaction is known as addition.

Alkyl halides are toxic and can be harmful to human health. They can cause skin irritation, eye irritation, and respiratory problems. Alkyl halides are also flammable and can be explosive.

Due to their toxicity and reactivity, alkyl halides should be handled with care. They should be stored in a cool, dry place away from heat and open flames. They should also be disposed of properly according to local regulations.