Biosphere | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 11/01/2019

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biosphere


00:01:22 1 Origin and use of the term
00:02:31 1.1 Narrow definition
00:03:45 2 Earth's biosphere
00:03:55 2.1 Age
00:05:15 2.2 Extent
00:10:45 2.3 Annual variation
00:10:55 3 Artificial biospheres
00:11:57 4 Extraterrestrial biospheres



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SUMMARY
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The biosphere (from Greek βίος bíos "life" and σφαῖρα sphaira "sphere") also known as the ecosphere (from Greek οἶκος oîkos "environment" and σφαῖρα), is the worldwide sum of all ecosystems. It can also be termed the zone of life on Earth, a closed system (apart from solar and cosmic radiation and heat from the interior 
of the Earth), and largely self-regulating. By the most general biophysiological definition, the biosphere is the global ecological system integrating all living beings and their relationships, including their interaction with the elements of the lithosphere, geosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere. The biosphere is postulated to have evolved, beginning with a process of biopoiesis (life created naturally from non-living matter, such as simple organic compounds) or biogenesis (life created from living matter), at least some 3.5 billion years ago.In a general sense, biospheres are any closed, self-regulating systems containing ecosystems. This includes artificial biospheres such as Biosphere 2 and BIOS-3, and potentially ones on other planets or moons.