Lithotroph | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-05-06

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithotroph


00:01:15 1 History
00:01:30 2 Biochemistry
00:01:45 2.1 Chemolithotrophs
00:02:45 2.1.1 Habitat of chemolithotrophs
00:04:34 2.1.2 Overview of the Metabolic Process
00:07:39 2.2 Photolithotrophs
00:08:00 2.3 Lithoheterotrophs versus lithoautotrophs
00:08:57 2.4 Chemolithotrophs versus photolithotrophs
00:10:30 3 Geological significance
00:11:05 3.1 Soil Formation
00:11:56 3.2 Biogeochemical Cycling
00:13:22 3.3 Acid Mine Drainage
00:14:32 4 Astrobiology
00:15:36 5 See also



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SUMMARY
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Lithotrophs are a diverse group of organisms using inorganic substrate (usually of mineral origin) to obtain reducing equivalents for use in biosynthesis (e.g., carbon dioxide fixation) or energy conservation (i.e., ATP production) via aerobic or anaerobic respiration. Known chemolithotrophs are exclusively microorganisms; no known macrofauna possesses the ability to use inorganic compounds as energy sources.  Macrofauna and lithotrophs can form symbiotic relationships, in which case the lithotrophs are called "prokaryotic symbionts".  An example of this is chemolithotrophic bacteria in giant tube worms or plastids, which are organelles within plant cells that may have evolved from photolithotrophic cyanobacteria-like organisms. Lithotrophs belong to either the domain Bacteria or the domain Archaea. The term "lithotroph" was created from the Greek terms 'lithos' (rock) and 'troph' (consumer), meaning "eaters of rock". Many lithoautotrophs are extremophiles, but this is not universally so.
Different from a lithotroph is an organotroph, an organism which obtains its reducing agents from the catabolism of organic compounds.