Optics (physics) | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-05-04

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optics


00:02:36 1 History
00:14:26 2 Classical optics
00:15:13 2.1 Geometrical optics
00:17:25 2.1.1 Approximations
00:18:10 2.1.2 Reflections
00:21:36 2.1.3 Refractions
00:26:13 2.1.3.1 Lenses
00:29:57 2.2 Physical optics
00:31:53 2.2.1 Modelling and design of optical systems using physical optics
00:35:02 2.2.2 Superposition and interference
00:38:44 2.2.3 Diffraction and optical resolution
00:45:09 2.2.4 Dispersion and scattering
00:52:26 2.2.5 Polarization
00:56:28 2.2.5.1 Changing polarization
01:01:29 2.2.5.2 Natural light
01:03:26 3 Modern optics
01:06:24 3.1 Lasers
01:09:08 3.2 Kapitsa–Dirac effect
01:09:34 4 Applications
01:10:20 4.1 Human eye
01:16:11 4.1.1 Visual effects
01:18:52 4.1.2 Optical instruments
01:22:45 4.2 Photography
01:24:06 4.3 Atmospheric optics
01:27:29 5 See also
01:30:14 6 References



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SUMMARY
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Optics is the branch of physics that studies the behaviour and properties of light, including its interactions with matter and the construction of instruments that use or detect it. Optics usually describes the behaviour of visible, ultraviolet, and infrared light. Because light is an electromagnetic wave, other forms of electromagnetic radiation such as X-rays, microwaves, and radio waves exhibit similar properties.Most optical phenomena can be accounted for using the classical electromagnetic description of light. Complete electromagnetic descriptions of light are, however, often difficult to apply in practice. Practical optics is usually done using simplified models. The most common of these, geometric optics, treats light as a collection of rays that travel in straight lines and bend when they pass through or reflect from surfaces. Physical optics is a more comprehensive model of light, which includes wave effects such as diffraction and interference that cannot be accounted for in geometric optics. Historically, the ray-based model of light was developed first, followed by the wave model of light. Progress in electromagnetic theory in the 19th century led to the discovery that light waves were in fact electromagnetic radiation.
Some phenomena depend on the fact that light has both wave-like and particle-like properties. Explanation of these effects requires quantum mechanics. When considering light's particle-like properties, the light is modelled as a collection of particles called "photons". Quantum optics deals with the application of quantum mechanics to optical systems.
Optical science is relevant to and studied in many related disciplines including astronomy, various engineering fields, photography, and medicine (particularly ophthalmology and optometry). Practical applications of optics are found in a variety of technologies and everyday objects, including mirrors, lenses, telescopes, microscopes, lasers, and fibre optics.