Husayn ibn Ali | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2018-12-03

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Husayn ibn Ali


00:02:40 1 Family
00:03:51 2 Birth and early life
00:06:05 2.1 The incident of the Mubahalah
00:07:28 3 Life under the first three Caliphs
00:08:13 4 Husayn and the Umayyad Caliphate
00:08:23 4.1 Reign of Muawiyah
00:10:02 4.2 Reign of Yazid
00:12:44 4.2.1 Martyrdom in the Battle of Karbala
00:14:43 5 Aftermath
00:18:27 5.1 Burial
00:18:53 5.1.1 Return of his head to the body
00:19:23 5.1.2 Husayn's head in Isma'ilism
00:20:48 5.2 Commemoration
00:22:03 6 Views on Husayn
00:23:05 6.1 In culture
00:23:54 7 Inspiring modern movements
00:24:34 8 See also
00:25:23 9 Notes



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SUMMARY
=======
Al-Ḥusayn ibn ʿAlī ibn Abi Talib (Arabic: الحسين ابن علي ابن أبي طالب‎‎; 10 October 625 – 10 October 680) (his name is also transliterated as Husayn ibn Ali, Husain, Hussain and Hussein) was a grandson of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and a son of Ali ibn Abi Talib (the first Shia Imam and the fourth Rashid caliph of Sunni Islam) and Muhammad's daughter Fatimah. He is an important figure in Islam as he was a member of the Bayṫ (Arabic: بَيت‎, Household) of Muhammad and the Ahl al-Kisā' (Arabic: أَهل الكِسَاء‎, People of the Cloak), as well as the third Shia Imam.
Prior to his death, the Umayyad ruler Muawiya appointed his son Yazid as his successor in a clear violation of the Hasan-Muawiya treaty. When Muawiya died in 680 CE, Yazid demanded that Husain pledge allegiance to him. Husain refused to pledge allegiance to Yazid, even though it meant sacrificing his life. As a consequence, he left Medina, his hometown, to take refuge in Mecca in AH 60. There, the people of Kufah sent letters to him, asking his help and pledging their allegiance to him. So he traveled towards Kufah; however, at a place near it known as Karbala, his caravan was intercepted by Yazid's army. He was killed and beheaded in the Battle of Karbala on 10 October 680 (the 10th of Muharram in 61 AH) by Shimr ibn Thil-Jawshan, along with most of his family and companions, including Husayn's six month old son, Ali al-Asghar, with the women and children taken as prisoners. Anger at Husayn's death was turned into a rallying cry that helped undermine the Umayyad caliphate's legitimacy, and ultimately overthrow it by the Abbasid Revolution.Husayn is highly regarded by Shia Muslims for refusing to pledge allegiance to Yazid, the Umayyad caliph, because he considered the rule of the Umayyads unjust. The annual memorial for him and his children, family and companions occurs during Muharram, the first month of the Islamic calendar, and the day he was martyred is known as Ashura (the tenth day of Muharram, a day of mourning for Shi'i Muslims). Husayn's actions at Karbala fueled later Shia movements,
and the martyrdom of Husayn was decisive in shaping Islamic and Shia history. The timing of the Imam's life and martyrdom were crucial as they were in one of the most challenging periods of the seventh century. During this time, Umayyad oppression was rampant, and the stand of Husain and his followers took became a symbol of resistance inspiring future uprisings against oppressors and injustice. Throughout history, many notable personalities, such as Nelson Mandela and Mahatma Gandhi, have cited Husain's stand against oppression as an example for their own fights against injustice.