Capitalism | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-01-01

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capitalism


00:03:03 1 Etymology
00:06:58 2 History
00:08:57 2.1 Agrarian capitalism
00:10:37 2.2 Mercantilism
00:13:21 2.3 Industrial capitalism
00:15:03 2.4 Modern capitalism
00:19:28 2.4.1 Relationship to democracy
00:24:33 2.5 Varieties of capitalism
00:27:04 3 Characteristics
00:28:20 3.1 The market
00:30:33 3.2 Profit motive
00:31:57 3.3 Private property
00:33:07 3.4 Market competition
00:35:12 3.5 Economic growth
00:36:43 3.6 Reserve army of labour
00:45:23 3.6.1 Composition of the relative surplus population
00:48:26 3.7 As a mode of production
00:51:19 4 Supply and demand
00:52:45 4.1 Graphical representation of supply and demand
00:53:49 4.1.1 Supply schedule
00:56:54 4.1.2 Demand schedule
00:59:58 4.2 Equilibrium
01:01:05 4.3 Partial equilibrium
01:03:26 4.4 Empirical estimation
01:04:34 4.5 Macroeconomic uses of demand and supply
01:05:36 4.6 History
01:09:06 5 Role of government
01:10:52 5.1 Relationship to political freedom
01:12:26 6 Types of capitalism
01:13:07 6.1 Advanced capitalism
01:14:43 6.2 Finance capitalism
01:16:32 6.3 Mercantilism
01:17:33 6.4 Free market economy
01:18:16 6.5 Social market economy
01:19:12 6.6 State capitalism
01:22:17 6.7 Corporate capitalism
01:22:37 6.8 Mixed economy
01:23:27 6.9 Others
01:23:39 7 Capital accumulation
01:25:29 7.1 Background
01:29:03 7.2 Concentration and centralisation
01:30:50 7.3 The rate of accumulation
01:33:43 7.4 The circuit of capital accumulation from production
01:35:24 7.5 Simple and expanded reproduction
01:38:55 7.6 Capital accumulation as social relation
01:43:16 8 Wage labour
01:45:23 8.1 Types
01:48:33 9 Effects of war
01:55:39 10 Criticism
02:03:45 10.1 The profit motive
02:05:32 10.2 Comparison to slavery
02:13:30 10.3 Marxian responses
02:18:34 10.4 Criticisms on the Environmental Sustainability of Capitalism
02:19:31 10.5 Supply and demand
02:22:40 10.6 Externalities
02:23:48 10.7 Counter-criticisms
02:23:57 10.7.1 Austrian School
02:24:48 10.7.2 Ayn Rand



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SUMMARY
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Capitalism is an economic system based on the private ownership of the means of production and their operation for profit. Characteristics central to capitalism include private property, capital accumulation, wage labor, voluntary exchange, a price system, and competitive markets. In a capitalist market economy, decision-making and investment are determined by every owner of wealth, property or production ability in financial and capital markets, whereas prices and the distribution of goods and services are mainly determined by competition in goods and services markets.Economists, political economists, sociologists and historians have adopted different perspectives in their analyses of capitalism and have recognized various forms of it in practice. These include laissez-faire or free market capitalism, welfare capitalism and state capitalism. Different forms of capitalism feature varying degrees of free markets, public ownership, obstacles to free competition and state-sanctioned social policies. The degree of competition in markets, the role of intervention and regulation, and the scope of state ownership vary across different models of capitalism. The extent to which different markets are free as well as the rules defining private property are matters of politics and policy. Most existing capitalist economies are mixed economies, which combine elements of free markets with state intervention and in some cases economic planning.Market economies have existed under many forms of government and in many different times, places and cultures. Modern capitalist societies—marked by a universalization of money-based social relations, a consistently large and system-wide class of workers who must work for wages, and a capitalist class which owns the means of pro ...