Advanced Higher Chemistry 19 Hybridisation and Molecular Orbitals
Channel: Andrew Hay
Date: 2021-05-04

Why is methane tetrahedral? Why is it easy to break the first bond in a double bond, but not the second? How do coloured pigments like chlorophyll work?
The answer to all of these lies within molecular orbitals and we look at these in this video.
Prof Dave probably has a more complete explanation here https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I2k61JMk71M&t=0s if you'd like a different viewpoint.
0:00 Intro
1:41 Atomic orbitals recap with props!
2:22 Covalent bond reminder
3:08 Atomic orbitals don't work for C with more props
5:59 Hybridisation option 1
8:07 Why methane is tetrahedral
9:20 Overlapping molecular orbitals option 1
10:50 Hybridisation option 2
14:53 Overlapping molecular orbitals option 2
16:12 Why ethene is flat
16:35 Benzene is sp2 too
18:03 sigma and pi bond
20:07 Hybridisation option 3
21:45 Triple bond in alkynes
26:15 NileRed moment
26:26 Bonding and Antibonding orbitals
30:17 Colour terminology
32:24 How colour happens in molecules
37:10 How molecular structure affects colour
39:00 SQA questions on all this stuff?