Robert E. Lee | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2018-12-03

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Robert E. Lee


00:03:15 1 Early life and career
00:07:22 2 Military engineer career
00:11:13 3 Marriage and family
00:13:58 4 Mexican–American War
00:15:45 5 Early 1850s: West Point and Texas
00:17:05 6 Late 1850s: Arlington plantation and the Custis slaves
00:19:06 6.1 The Norris case
00:24:19 6.2 Lee's views on race and slavery
00:33:06 7 Harpers Ferry and Texas, 1859–1861
00:33:32 7.1 Harpers Ferry
00:34:32 7.2 Texas
00:36:11 8 Civil War
00:36:20 8.1 Resignation from United States Army
00:42:48 8.2 Early role
00:45:18 8.3 Commander, Army of Northern Virginia (June 1862 – June 1863)
00:50:05 8.4 Battle of Gettysburg
00:52:42 8.5 Ulysses S. Grant and the Union offensive
00:54:02 8.6 General in Chief
00:55:34 9 Summaries of Lee's Civil War battles
00:55:53 10 Postbellum life
00:59:16 10.1 President Johnson’s amnesty pardons
01:00:35 10.2 Postwar politics
01:04:45 11 Illness and death
01:06:00 12 Legacy
01:10:44 12.1 Monuments, memorials and commemorations
01:19:13 13 Dates of rank
01:19:34 14 In popular culture
01:22:06 15 See also



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SUMMARY
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Robert Edward Lee (January 19, 1807 – October 12, 1870) was an American and Confederate soldier, best known as a commander of the  Confederate States Army. He commanded the Army of Northern Virginia in the American Civil War from 1862 until his surrender in 1865. A son of Revolutionary War officer Henry "Light Horse Harry" Lee III, Lee was a top graduate of the United States Military Academy and an exceptional officer and military engineer in the United States Army for 32 years. During this time, he served throughout the United States, distinguished himself during the Mexican–American War, and served as Superintendent of the United States Military Academy.
When Virginia declared its secession from the Union in April 1861, Lee chose to follow his home state, despite his desire for the country to remain intact and an offer of a senior Union command. During the first year of the Civil War, Lee served as a senior military adviser to Confederate President Jefferson Davis. Once he took command of the main field army in 1862 he soon emerged as a shrewd tactician and battlefield commander, winning most of his battles, all against far superior Union armies. Lee's strategic foresight was more questionable, and both of his major offensives into Union territory ended in defeat. Lee's aggressive tactics, which resulted in high casualties at a time when the Confederacy had a shortage of manpower, have come under criticism in recent years.  Lee surrendered his entire army to Ulysses S. Grant at Appomattox Court House on April 9, 1865. By this time, Lee had assumed supreme command of the remaining Southern armies; other Confederate forces swiftly capitulated after his surrender. Lee rejected the proposal of a sustained insurgency against the Union and called for reconciliation between the two sides.
In 1865, after the war, Lee was paroled and signed an oath of allegiance, asking to have his citizenship of the United States restored. Lee's application was misplaced; as a result, he did not receive a pardon and his citizenship was not restored. In 1865, Lee became president of Washington College (later Washington and Lee University) in Lexington, Virginia; in that position, he supported reconciliation between North and South. Lee accepted "the extinction of slavery" provided for by the Thirteenth Amendment, but publicly opposed racial equality and granting African Americans the right to vote and other political rights. Lee died in 1870. In 1975, the U.S. Congress posthumously restored Lee's citizenship effective June 13, 1865.Lee opposed the construction of public memorials to Confederate rebellion on the grounds that they would prevent the healing of wounds inflicted during the war. Nevertheless, after his death, Lee became an icon used by promoters of "Lost Cause" mythology, who sought to romanticize the Confederate cause and strengthen white suprema ...