Baryon | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 08/12/2018

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Baryon


00:01:29 1 Background
00:02:03 2 Baryonic matter
00:02:23 3 Baryogenesis
00:02:44 4 Properties
00:03:36 4.1 Isospin and charge
00:04:27 4.2 Flavour quantum numbers
00:05:21 4.3 Spin, orbital angular momentum, and total angular momentum
00:05:30 4.4 Parity
00:07:22 5 Nomenclature
00:07:35 6 See also
00:07:48 7 Notes
00:09:33 8 References
00:14:35 9 External links
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SUMMARY
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In particle physics, a baryon is a type of composite subatomic particle which contains an odd number of valence quarks (at least 3). Baryons belong to the hadron family of particles, which are the quark-based particles. They are also classified as fermions, i.e., they have half-integer spin. 
The name "baryon" comes from the Greek word for "heavy" (βαρύς, barýs), because, at the time of their naming, most known elementary particles had lower masses than the baryons. Each baryon has a corresponding antiparticle (antibaryon) where their corresponding antiquarks replace quarks. For example, a proton is made of two up quarks and one down quark; and its corresponding antiparticle, the antiproton, is made of two up antiquarks and one down antiquark.
As quark-based particles, baryons participate in the strong interaction, which is mediated by particles known as gluons. The most familiar baryons are protons and neutrons, both of which contain three quarks, and for this reason these particles are sometimes described as triquarks.  These particles make up most of the mass of the visible matter in the universe, as well as forming the components of the nucleus of every atom. Electrons (the other major component of the atom) are members of a different family of particles, known as leptons, which do not interact via the strong force. Exotic baryons containing five quarks (known as pentaquarks) have also been discovered and studied.