Kathak | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-01-09

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kathak


00:02:24 1 Etymology and nomenclature
00:03:27 2 History
00:05:02 2.1 Bhakti movement era
00:06:21 2.2 Mughal era
00:08:10 2.3 British Raj era
00:10:34 2.4 Post colonial era
00:11:55 3 Repertoire
00:13:30 3.1 Pure dance (Nritta)
00:14:48 3.2 Expressive dance (Nritya)
00:17:16 3.3 Costumes
00:18:54 4 Instruments
00:19:31 5 Gharanas
00:22:13 6 Relationship with other art forms
00:24:05 7 Gallery
00:24:14 8 See also



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SUMMARY
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Kathak (कथक) is the Hindi name for one of the eight major forms of Indian classical dance. The origin of Kathak is traditionally attributed to the traveling bards of ancient northern India known as Kathakars or storytellers. The term Kathak is derived from the Vedic Sanskrit word Katha which means "story", and Kathaka which means "the one who tells a story", or "to do with stories". Wandering Kathakars communicated stories from the great epics and ancient mythology through dance, songs and music in a manner similar to early Greek theatre. Kathak dancers tell various stories through their hand movements and footwork, but most importantly through their facial expressions. Kathak evolved during the Bhakti movement, particularly by incorporating the childhood and stories of the Hindu god Krishna, as well as independently in the courts of north Indian kingdoms.Kathak is found in three distinct forms, called "gharanas", named after the cities where the Kathak dance tradition evolved – Jaipur, Banaras and Lucknow. While the Jaipur gharana focuses more on the foot movements, the Banaras and Lucknow gharanas focus more on facial expressions and graceful hand movements. Stylistically, the Kathak dance form emphasizes rhythmic foot movements, adorned with small bells (Ghungroo), and the movement harmonized to the music. The legs and torso are generally straight, and the story is told through a developed vocabulary based on the gestures of arms and upper body movement, facial expressions, stage movements, bends and turns. The main focus of the dance becomes the eyes and the foot movements. The eyes work as a medium of communication of the story the dancer is trying to communicate. With the eyebrows the dancer gives various facial expressions. The difference between the sub-traditions is the relative emphasis between acting versus footwork, with Lucknow style emphasizing acting and Jaipur style famed for its spectacular footwork.Kathak as a performance art survived and thrived as an oral tradition, learnt and innovated from one generation to another verbally and through practice. It transitioned, adapted and integrated the tastes of the Mughal courts in the 16th and 17th century particularly Akbar, was ridiculed and declined in the colonial British era, then was reborn as India gained independence and sought to rediscover its ancient roots and a sense of national identity through the arts.