Meritocracy | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: Subhajit Sahu
Date: 09/01/2019

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meritocracy


00:01:27 1 Definitions
00:01:36 1.1 Early definitions
00:04:29 1.2 More recent definitions
00:05:52 2 Etymology
00:08:30 3 History
00:08:39 3.1 Ancient times: China
00:11:12 3.2 17th century: spread to Europe
00:13:32 3.3 19th century
00:15:24 3.4 20th century to today
00:18:37 4 Modern meritocratic movements
00:18:47 4.1 The Meritocracy Party
00:20:42 5 Criticism
00:26:11 6 See also



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SUMMARY
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Meritocracy (merit, from Latin mereō, and -cracy, from Ancient Greek κράτος kratos "strength, power") is a political philosophy which holds that certain things, such as economic goods or power, should be vested in individuals on the basis of talent, effort, and achievement, rather than factors such as sexuality, race, gender, or wealth. Advancement in such a system is based on performance, as measured through examination or demonstrated achievement. Although the concept of meritocracy has existed for centuries, the term itself was first created in 1958 by the sociologist Michael Young. The Oxford English Dictionary shows the first use in 1956 and gives this citation. "1956 A. Fox in Socialist Comm. May 13/1 The ‘meritocracy’; the society in which the gifted, the smart, the energetic, the ambitious and the ruthless are carefully sifted out and helped towards their destined positions of dominance."  Young's entry is listed as "1958 M. Young Rise of Meritocracy iv. 71 Before the meritocracy was fully established, age-stratification as a substitute for the hereditary order may have been necessary for the sake of social stability."