History of the United States (1789–1849) | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2018-12-03

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
History of the United States (1789–1849)


00:04:51 1 Federalist Era
00:05:00 1.1 Washington Administration: 1789–1797
00:11:07 1.2 Emergence of political parties
00:14:03 1.3 Adams Administration: 1797–1801
00:17:28 2 Thomas Jefferson
00:21:36 3 Louisiana Purchase and the War of 1812
00:25:42 4 Era of Good Feelings and the rise of Nationalism
00:26:33 4.1 Sectionalism
00:27:42 4.2 Era of Good Feelings
00:28:47 4.3 Annexation of Florida and border treaties
00:31:19 5 Emergence of Second Party System
00:33:10 5.1 Jacksonian democracy
00:35:15 5.2 Suffrage of all white men
00:38:40 5.3 Indian Removal
00:39:43 5.4 Nullification Crisis
00:41:56 5.5 Banking
00:47:29 6 Age of Reform
00:48:09 6.1 Second Great Awakening
00:49:17 6.1.1 Utopians
00:54:08 6.2 Public schools movement
00:56:02 6.3 Asylum movement
00:56:47 6.4 Women
00:59:35 6.5 Anti-slavery movements
01:02:55 6.6 Women as abolitionists
01:03:56 6.7 Prohibition
01:04:39 7 Economic growth
01:05:15 7.1 Social mobility
01:07:12 8 Westward expansion
01:08:21 8.1 Texas, Oregon, California and Manifest Destiny
01:10:38 8.2 Mexican–American War: 1846–1848
01:13:24 9 See also



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SUMMARY
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George Washington, elected the first president in 1789, set up a cabinet form of government, with departments of State, Treasury, and War, along with an Attorney General (the Justice Department was created in 1870). Based in New York, the new government acted quickly to rebuild the nation's financial structure. Enacting the program of Treasury Secretary Alexander Hamilton, the government assumed the Revolutionary war debts of the states and the national government, and refinanced them with new federal bonds. It paid for the program through new tariffs and taxes; the tax on whiskey led to a revolt in the west; Washington raised an army and suppressed it. The nation adopted a Bill of Rights as 10 amendments to the new constitution. The Judiciary Act of 1789 established the entire federal judiciary, including the Supreme Court. The Supreme Court became important under the leadership of Chief Justice John Marshall (1801–1835), a federalist and nationalist who built a strong Supreme Court and strengthened the national government.
The 1790s were highly contentious, as the First Party System emerged in the contest between Hamilton and his Federalist party, and Thomas Jefferson and his Republican party. Washington and Hamilton were building a strong national government, with a broad financial base, and the support of merchants and financiers throughout the country. Jeffersonians opposed the new national Bank, the Navy, and federal taxes. The Federalists favored Britain, which was embattled in a series of wars with France. Jefferson's victory in 1800 opened the era of Jeffersonian democracy, and doomed the upper-crust Federalists to increasingly marginal roles.
The Louisiana Purchase from Napoleon in 1803 opened vast Western expanses of fertile land, which exactly met the needs of the rapidly expanding population of yeomen farmers whom Jefferson championed.
The Americans declared war on Britain (the War of 1812) to uphold American honor at sea, and to end the Indian raids in the west, as well as to seize Canadian territory. Despite incompetent government management, and a series of defeats early on, Americans found new generals like Andrew Jackson, William Henry Harrison, and Winfield Scott, who repulsed British invasions and broke the alliance between the British and the Indians that held up settlement of the Old Northwest. The Federalists, who had opposed the war to the point of trading with the enemy and threatening secession, were devastated by the triumphant ending of the war. The remaining Indians east of the Mississippi were kept on reservations or moved via the Trail of Tears to reservations in what later became Oklahoma.
The spread of democracy opened the ballot box to nearly all white men, allowing the Jacksonian democracy to dominate politics d ...