Force | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 24/12/2018

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Force


00:01:33 1 Development of the concept
00:03:21 2 Pre-Newtonian concepts
00:05:51 3 Newtonian mechanics
00:06:23 3.1 First law
00:08:44 3.2 Second law
00:12:26 3.3 Third law
00:16:35 4 Special theory of relativity
00:21:18 5 Descriptions
00:25:24 5.1 Equilibrium
00:25:52 5.1.1 Static
00:27:50 5.1.2 Dynamic
00:30:08 5.2 Forces in quantum mechanics
00:32:29 5.3 Feynman diagrams
00:34:51 6 Fundamental forces
00:37:36 6.1 Gravitational
00:44:50 6.2 Electromagnetic
00:50:09 6.3 Strong nuclear
00:51:38 6.4 Weak nuclear
00:52:29 7 Non-fundamental forces
00:52:49 7.1 Normal force
00:53:32 7.2 Friction
00:55:54 7.3 Tension
00:57:05 7.4 Elastic force
00:58:19 7.5 Continuum mechanics
01:01:28 7.6 Fictitious forces
01:02:23 8 Rotations and torque
01:05:16 8.1 Centripetal force
01:06:58 9 Kinematic integrals
01:10:23 10 Potential energy
01:11:29 10.1 Conservative forces
01:14:35 10.2 Nonconservative forces
01:15:57 11 Units of measurement
01:18:04 12 Force measurement
01:18:16 13 See also



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SUMMARY
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In physics, a force is any interaction that, when unopposed, will change the motion of an object. A force can cause an object with mass to change its velocity (which includes to begin moving from a state of rest), i.e., to accelerate. Force can also be described intuitively as a push or a pull. A force has both magnitude and direction, making it a vector quantity.  It is measured in the SI unit of newtons and represented by the symbol F.
The original form of Newton's second law states that the net force acting upon an object is equal to the rate at which its momentum changes with time. If the mass of the object is constant, this law implies that the acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force acting on the object, is in the direction of the net force, and is inversely proportional to the mass of the object.
Concepts related to force include: thrust, which increases the velocity of an object; drag, which decreases the velocity of an object; and torque, which produces changes in rotational speed of an object. In an extended body, each part usually applies forces on the adjacent parts; the distribution of such forces through the body is the internal mechanical stress. Such internal mechanical stresses cause no acceleration of that body as the forces balance one another. Pressure, the distribution of many small forces applied over an area of a body, is a simple type of stress that if unbalanced can cause the body to accelerate. Stress usually causes deformation of solid materials, or flow in fluids.