Dialectics | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2018-12-07

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Dialectics


00:01:36 1 Western dialectical forms
00:01:46 1.1 Classical philosophy
00:03:05 1.1.1 Socratic method
00:05:46 1.1.2 Aristotle
00:07:20 1.2 Medieval philosophy
00:08:38 1.3 Modern philosophy
00:09:43 1.3.1 Hegelian dialectic
00:17:16 1.3.2 Marxist dialectic
00:25:21 1.3.3 Dialectical naturalism
00:26:08 2 Dialectical theology
00:27:52 3 Legacy
00:28:58 4 Criticisms
00:31:19 5 Formalism
00:32:22 6 See also



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"The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing."
- Socrates



SUMMARY
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Dialectic or dialectics (Greek: διαλεκτική, dialektikḗ; related to dialogue), also known as the dialectical method, is at base a discourse between two or more people holding different points of view about a subject but wishing to establish the truth through reasoned arguments. Dialectic resembles debate, but the concept excludes subjective elements such as emotional appeal and the modern pejorative sense of rhetoric. Dialectic may be contrasted with the didactic method, wherein one side of the conversation teaches the other. Dialectic is alternatively known as minor logic, as opposed to major logic or critique.
Within Hegelianism, the word dialectic has the specialised meaning of a contradiction between ideas that serves as the determining factor in their relationship. Dialectic comprises three stages of development: first, a thesis or statement of an idea, which gives rise to a second step, a reaction or antithesis that contradicts or negates the thesis, and third, the synthesis, a statement through which the differences between the two points is resolved. Dialectical materialism, a theory or set of theories produced mainly by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, adapted the Hegelian dialectic into arguments regarding traditional materialism.
Dialectic tends to imply a process of evolution and so does not naturally fit within formal logic (see logic and dialectic). This process is particularly marked in Hegelian dialectic and even more so in Marxist dialectic which may rely on the evolution of ideas over longer time periods in the real world; dialectical logic attempts to address this.