Urban metabolism | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 26/03/2019

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urban_metabolism


00:01:26 1 History
00:07:39 2 Two main schools of approach
00:07:50 2.1 The energy method
00:09:17 2.2 Material flow analysis
00:10:40 3 Applications
00:11:08 3.1 Sustainability indicators
00:12:11 3.2 Greenhouse gas accounting
00:13:16 3.3 Mathematical models
00:14:12 3.4 Design tools
00:15:20 4 See also



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SUMMARY
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Urban metabolism is a model to facilitate the description and analysis of the flows of the materials and energy within cities, such as undertaken in a material flow analysis of a city. It provides researchers with a metaphorical framework to study the interactions of natural and human systems in specific regions. From the beginning, researchers have tweaked and altered the parameters of the urban metabolism model. C. Kennedy and fellow researchers have produced a clear definition in the 2007 paper The Changing Metabolism of Cities claiming that urban metabolism is "the sum total of the technical and socio-economic process that occur in cities, resulting in growth, production of energy and elimination of waste." With the growing concern of climate change and atmospheric degradation, the use of the urban metabolism model has become a key element in determining and maintaining levels of sustainability  and health in cities around the world. Urban metabolism provides a unified or holistic viewpoint to encompass all of the activities of a city in a single model.