Mic Polar Patterns - YouTube Interactive (Part 1 of 6)
Channel: DVE Store
Date: 23/05/2010

Great info from Audio Technica 
A directional microphone’s ability to reject much of the sound that arrives from off-axis provides a greater working distance or “distance factor” than an omni. As Fig. 10 shows, the distance factor (DF) for a cardioid is 1.7 while the omni is 1.0. This means that if an omni is used in a uniformly noisy environment to pick up a desired sound that is 10" away, a cardioid used at 17" from the sound source should provide the same results in terms of the ratio of desired signal to ambient noise. Among other microphone types, the subcardioid should do equally well at 12", the hypercardioid at 20" and the bidirectional at 17". 
https://www.audio-technica.com/cms/site/aa901ccabf1dfc6b/index.html

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