Sea surface temperature | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 23/06/2019

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea_surface_temperature


00:02:15 1 Measurement
00:03:12 1.1 Thermometers
00:05:50 1.2 Weather satellites
00:08:57 2 Local variation
00:10:58 2.1 Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation
00:11:19 3 Regional variation
00:13:08 4 Importance to the Earth's atmosphere
00:15:00 4.1 Tropical cyclones
00:18:52 5 See also



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SUMMARY
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Sea surface temperature (SST) is the water temperature close to the ocean's surface. The exact meaning of surface varies according to the measurement method used, but it is between 1 millimetre (0.04 in) and 20 metres (70 ft) below the sea surface.  Air masses in the Earth's atmosphere are highly modified by sea surface temperatures within a short distance of the shore.  Localized areas of heavy snow can form in bands downwind of warm water bodies within an otherwise cold air mass.  Warm sea surface temperatures are known to be a cause of tropical cyclogenesis over the Earth's oceans.  Tropical cyclones can also cause a cool wake, due to turbulent mixing of the upper 30 metres (100 ft) of the ocean.  SST changes diurnally, like the air above it, but to a lesser degree. There is less SST variation on breezy days than on calm days.  In addition, ocean currents such as the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO), can effect SST's on multi-decadal time scales, a major impact results from the global thermohaline circulation, which affects average SST significantly throughout most of the world's oceans.
Ocean temperature is related to ocean heat content, an important topic in the debate over global warming.
Coastal SSTs can cause offshore winds to generate upwelling, which can significantly cool or warm nearby landmasses, but shallower waters over a continental shelf are often warmer.  Onshore winds can cause a considerable warm-up even in areas where upwelling is fairly constant, such as the northwest coast of South America.  Its values are important within numerical weather prediction as the SST influences the atmosphere above, such as in the formation of sea breezes and sea fog.  It is also used to calibrate measurements from weather satellites.