Aluminium | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 08/12/2018

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Aluminium


00:01:14 1 Physical characteristics
00:01:24 1.1 Nuclei and isotopes
00:03:00 1.2 Electron shell
00:04:17 1.3 Bulk
00:06:07 2 Chemistry
00:08:03 2.1 Inorganic compounds
00:11:26 2.1.1 Rarer oxidation states
00:11:47 2.1.1.1 Aluminium(I)
00:12:54 2.1.1.2 Aluminium(II)
00:13:25 2.2 Organoaluminium compounds and related hydrides
00:15:03 3 Natural occurrence
00:15:12 3.1 In space
00:16:22 3.2 On Earth
00:18:23 4 History
00:24:47 5 Etymology
00:25:57 5.1 Spelling
00:28:40 6 Production and refinement
00:29:47 6.1 Bayer process
00:31:02 6.2 Hall–Héroult process
00:33:24 6.3 Recycling
00:34:44 7 Applications
00:34:53 7.1 Metal
00:36:56 7.2 Compounds
00:39:53 8 Biology
00:40:24 8.1 Toxicity
00:41:20 8.2 Effects
00:43:05 8.3 Exposure routes
00:44:19 8.4 Treatment
00:45:01 9 Environmental effects
00:47:27 10 See also



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SUMMARY
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Aluminium or aluminum is a chemical element with symbol Al and atomic number 13. It is a silvery-white, soft, nonmagnetic and ductile metal in the boron group. By mass, aluminium makes up about 8% of the  Earth's crust; it is the third most abundant element after oxygen and silicon and the most abundant metal in the crust, though it is less common in the mantle below. The chief ore of aluminium is bauxite. Aluminium metal is so chemically reactive that native specimens are rare and limited to extreme reducing environments. Instead, it is found combined in over 270 different minerals.Aluminium is remarkable for its low density and its ability to resist corrosion through the phenomenon of passivation. Aluminium and its alloys are vital to the aerospace industry and important in transportation and building industries, such as building facades and window frames. The oxides and sulfates are the most useful compounds of aluminium.Despite its prevalence in the environment, no known form of life uses aluminium salts metabolically, but aluminium is well tolerated by plants and animals. Because of these salts' abundance, the potential for a biological role for them is of continuing interest, and studies continue.