Airship | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-10-04

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airship


00:02:43 1 Terminology
00:02:53 1.1 Airship
00:04:03 1.2 Aerostat
00:05:24 1.3 Dirigible
00:05:55 1.4 Blimp
00:06:24 1.5 Zeppelin
00:07:09 1.6 Hybrid airship
00:07:31 2 Classification
00:07:49 2.1 Rigid airships
00:08:21 2.2 Semi-rigid airships
00:08:54 2.3 Non-rigid airships
00:09:53 3 Construction
00:10:17 3.1 Structure
00:10:34 3.2 Envelope
00:12:13 3.3 Lifting gas
00:13:20 3.4 Gondola
00:14:17 3.5 Propulsion and control
00:15:49 4 Environmental benefits
00:16:11 5 History
00:16:20 5.1 Early pioneers
00:16:30 5.1.1 17th–18th centuries
00:18:19 5.1.2 19th century
00:24:17 5.2 Early 20th century
00:29:11 5.3 World War I
00:35:00 5.4 The interwar period
00:46:14 5.5 World War II
00:56:12 5.6 Postwar period
01:03:51 5.6.1 Postwar projects
01:05:12 6 Modern airships
01:05:21 6.1 Military airships
01:08:51 6.2 Passenger transport
01:10:46 6.3 Exploration
01:11:34 6.4 Thermal airships
01:12:53 6.5 Unmanned remotes
01:13:35 7 Current design projects
01:14:36 7.1 Heavy lifting
01:17:15 7.2 Metal-clad airships
01:17:55 7.3 Hybrid airships
01:19:27 7.4 Airships in space exploration
01:19:52 8 Comparison with heavier-than-air aircraft
01:21:02 9 Safety
01:27:53 10 See also
01:28:54 11 Notes



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SUMMARY
=======
An airship or dirigible balloon is a type of aerostat or lighter-than-air aircraft that can navigate through the air under its own power. Aerostats gain their lift from large gasbags filled with a lifting gas that is less dense than the surrounding air.

In early dirigibles, the lifting gas used was hydrogen, due to its high lifting capacity and ready availability. Helium gas has almost the same lifting capacity and is not flammable, unlike hydrogen, but is rare and relatively expensive. Significant amounts were first discovered in the United States and for a while helium was only used for airships in that country. Most airships built since the 1960s have used helium, though some have used hot air.The envelope of an airship may form a gasbag, or may contain a number of internal gas-filled cells.  An airship also has engines, crew, and optionally also payload accommodation, typically housed in one or more "gondolas" suspended below the envelope.
The main types of airship are non-rigid, semi-rigid, and rigid. Non-rigid airships, often called "blimps", rely on internal pressure to maintain their shape. Semi-rigid airships maintain the envelope shape by internal pressure, but have some form of supporting structure, such as a fixed keel, attached to it. Rigid airships have an outer structural framework that maintains the shape and carries all structural loads, while the lifting gas is contained in one or more internal gasbags or cells. Rigid airships were first flown by Count Zeppelin and the vast majority of rigid airships built were manufactured by the firm he founded. As a result, rigid airships are often called zeppelins.Airships were the first aircraft capable of controlled powered flight, and were most commonly used before the 1940s; their use decreased as their capabilities were surpassed by those of aeroplanes. Their decline was accelerated by a series of high-profile accidents, including the 1930 crash and burning of the British R101 in France, the 1933 and 1935 storm-related crashes of the twin airborne aircraft carrier U.S. Navy helium-filled rigids, the USS Akron and USS Macon respectively, and the 1937 burning of the German hydrogen-filled Hindenburg. From the 1960s, helium airships have been used where the ability to hover for a long time outweighs the need for speed and manoeuvrability, such as advertising, tourism, camera platforms, geological surveys and aerial observation.