Instanton | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 26/03/2019

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instanton


00:01:22 1 Mathematics
00:03:05 2 Quantum mechanics
00:03:39 2.1 Motivation of considering instantons
00:06:22 2.2 WKB approximation
00:08:54 2.3 Path integral interpretation via instantons
00:20:07 2.4 Explicit formula for double-well potential
00:26:20 2.5 Results
00:31:21 2.6 Periodic instantons
00:33:28 2.7 Instantons in reaction rate theory
00:40:29 2.8 Inverted double-well formula
00:45:41 3 Quantum field theory
00:49:47 4 Yang–Mills theory
00:52:41 5 Various numbers of dimensions
01:01:07 6 4d supersymmetric gauge theories
01:02:10 7 See also
01:03:54 8 References and notes
01:07:27 9 External links
01:07:38 See also
01:08:00 References and notes
01:09:32 External links



Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.

Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain

Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.

Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:
https://assistant.google.com/services/invoke/uid/0000001a130b3f91
Other Wikipedia audio articles at:
https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=wikipedia+tts
Upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
https://github.com/nodef/wikipedia-tts
Speaking Rate: 0.9414875104326176
Voice name: en-GB-Wavenet-C


"I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think."
- Socrates


SUMMARY
=======
An instanton (or pseudoparticle) is a notion appearing in theoretical and mathematical physics. An instanton is a classical solution to equations of motion with a finite, non-zero action, either in quantum mechanics or in quantum field theory. More precisely, it is a solution to the equations of motion of the classical field theory on a Euclidean spacetime.
In such quantum theories, solutions to the equations of motion may be thought of as critical points of the action. The critical points of the action may be local maxima of the action, local minima, or saddle points.  Instantons are important in quantum field theory because:

they appear in the path integral as the leading quantum corrections to the classical behavior of a system, and
they can be used to study the tunneling behavior in various systems such as a Yang–Mills theory.Relevant to dynamics, families of instantons allow to mutually relate the instantons, i.e. different critical points of the equation of motion. In physics instantons are particularly important because the condensation of instantons (and noise-induced anti-instantons) is believed to be the explanation of the noise-induced chaotic phase known as self-organized criticality.