What do we mean by the directions “cranial” and “caudal” on a vertebra?
Channel: Mike Taylor
Date: 18/12/2018

Mike Taylor's and Matt Wedel's presentation at the 1st Palaeontological Virtual Congress, 1st-15th December 2018. Here we discuss the boring but important question of what it means for a vertebra to be depicted in "horizontal" orientation, as determined by the meaning of the directions "cranial" and "caudal" (or anterior and posterior).