Environmental justice and coal mining in Appalachia | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-06-15

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_justice_and_coal_mining_in_Appalachia


00:02:19 1 Background
00:02:28 1.1 Coal production
00:04:29 1.2 History
00:05:17 2 Impacts of coal mining in Appalachia
00:06:08 2.1 Surface mining
00:08:39 2.2 Effects on health
00:10:58 2.3 Environmental impacts
00:12:33 2.4 Social and economic impacts
00:14:46 2.5 Specific events
00:14:55 2.5.1 Buffalo Creek Disaster
00:15:27 3 Law and regulation
00:18:07 3.1 The Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977
00:19:14 4 Advocacy groups
00:20:51 4.1 Save Our Cumberland Mountains
00:22:25 4.2 Mountain Justice
00:23:10 5 See also



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SUMMARY
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Environmental justice and coal mining in Appalachia is the study of environmental justice – the interdisciplinary body of social science literature studying theories of the environment and justice; environmental laws, policies, and their implementations and enforcement; development and sustainability; and political ecology – in relation to Coal mining in Appalachia.
The Appalachian region of the Southeastern United States is a leading producer of coal in the country. Research shows that people who live in close proximity to mountaintop removal (MTR) mines have higher mortality rates than average, and are more likely to live in poverty be exposed to harmful environmental conditions than people in otherwise comparable parts of the region.In the late 1990s, several Appalachian women, including Julia Bonds, began to speak out against MTR and its effects on the people and environment of mining communities. Research has shown that MTR is causing "irreparable" environmental damage in Appalachia. The blasting of mountaintops has polluted stream and water supplies have been contaminated by toxic waste from coal processing called slurry ponds. Scientists have noted an increase in respiratory and heart problems among area residents, including lung cancer. Mortality rates and birth defect rates are higher in the areas surrounding surface mining locations.Coal mining production in Appalachia declined from 1990 to 2015, but there is some debate over why. Cited factors include a rising demand for clean energy, environmental policies and regulations set forth by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), and globalization. The number of coal mining jobs in the region remained steady from 2000 to 2010, but declined by 37% between 2011 and 2015. Less production is responsible for much of this job loss, but improved mining techniques like mountain-top removal also contributed. Discourse around coal in the area has sparked a debate in academia over whether it creates wealth or poverty. The core debate centers around coal production's impact on local and national economy.