International relations theory | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2018-12-19

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
International relations theory


00:03:10 1 Realism
00:06:12 1.1 Neorealism
00:07:07 2 Liberalism
00:10:00 2.1 Neoliberalism
00:10:23 2.2 Complex interdependence
00:12:38 2.3 Post-liberalism
00:14:44 3 Constructivism
00:17:29 4 Marxism and Critical Theory
00:19:27 5 Feminism
00:24:02 6 Green theory
00:24:21 7 Alternative approaches
00:24:58 8 English School
00:26:22 9 Functionalism
00:28:00 10 Post-structuralism
00:28:58 11 Post-modernism
00:29:17 12 Postcolonialism
00:29:46 13 Evolutionary perspectives
00:30:47 14 Neuroscience and IR
00:32:40 15 Queer and transgender perspectives
00:36:54 16 Theory in international relations scholarship
00:37:35 17 See also



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- Socrates



SUMMARY
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International relations theory is the study of international relations (IR) from a theoretical perspective. It attempts to provide a conceptual framework upon which international relations can be analyzed. Ole Holsti describes international relations theories as acting like pairs of coloured sunglasses that allow the wearer to see only salient events relevant to the theory; e.g., an adherent of realism may completely disregard an event that a constructivist might pounce upon as crucial, and vice versa. The three most prominent theories are realism, liberalism and constructivism. Sometimes, institutionalism proposed and developed by Keohane and Nye is discussed as an paradigm differed from liberalism. 
International relations theories can be divided into "positivist/rationalist" theories which focus on a principally state-level analysis, and "post-positivist/reflectivist" ones which incorporate expanded meanings of security, ranging from class, to gender, to postcolonial security.  Many often conflicting ways of thinking exist in IR theory, including constructivism, institutionalism, Marxism, neo-Gramscianism, and others.  However, two positivist schools of thought are most prevalent: realism and liberalism. Constructivism, however, is increasingly becoming mainstream.The study of international relations, as theory, can be traced to E. H. Carr's The Twenty Years' Crisis, which was published in 1939, and to Hans Morgenthau's Politics Among Nations published in 1948. International relations, as a discipline, is believed to have emerged after the First World War with the establishment of a Chair of International Relations at the University of Wales, Aberystwyth. Early international relations scholarship in the interwar years focused on the need for the balance of power system to be replaced with a system of collective security. These thinkers were later described as "Idealists". The leading critique of this school of thinking was the "realist" analysis offered by Carr.
However, a more recent study, by David Long and Brian Schmidt in 2005, offers a revisionist account of the origins of the field international relations. They claim that the history of the field can be traced back to late 19th Century imperialism and internationalism. The fact that the history of the field is presented by "great debates", such as the realist-idealist debate, does not correspond with the historic evidence found in earlier works: "We should once and for all dispense with the outdated anachronistic artifice of the debate between the idealists and realists as the dominant framework for and understanding the history of the field". Their revisionist account claims that, up until 1918, international relations already existed in the form of colonial administration, race science, and race development.A clear distinction is made between explanatory and constitutive approaches when classifying international relations theories. Explanatory theories are ones which postulates the world is something external to theorize about. A constitutive theory is one which suggest that theories actually help construct the world.