Metamaterial | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-05-06

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metamaterial


00:02:29 1 History
00:05:03 2 Electromagnetic metamaterials
00:07:06 2.1 Negative refractive index
00:09:36 2.2 Classification
00:09:52 2.2.1 Negative index
00:11:04 2.2.2 Single negative
00:13:16 2.2.3 Bandgap
00:15:50 2.2.4 Double positive medium
00:16:22 2.2.5 Bi-isotropic and bianisotropic
00:24:15 2.2.6 Chiral
00:25:54 2.2.7 FSS based
00:26:25 3 Other types
00:26:34 3.1 Elastic
00:27:13 3.2 Acoustic
00:28:13 3.3 Structural
00:28:58 3.4 Nonlinear
00:30:04 4 Frequency bands
00:30:13 4.1 Terahertz
00:30:51 4.2 Photonic
00:31:11 4.3 Tunable
00:31:37 4.4 Plasmonic
00:32:07 5 Applications
00:32:42 5.1 Antennas
00:33:13 5.2 Absorber
00:33:56 5.3 Superlens
00:34:32 5.4 Cloaking devices
00:34:56 5.5 RCS (Radar Cross Section) reducing metamaterials
00:35:48 5.6 Seismic protection
00:36:06 5.7 Sound filtering
00:36:51 6 Theoretical models
00:39:40 7 Institutional networks
00:39:50 7.1 MURI
00:40:45 7.2 Metamorphose
00:41:28 8 See also



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SUMMARY
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A metamaterial (from the Greek word μετά meta, meaning "beyond" and the Latin word materia, meaning "matter" or "material") is a material engineered to have a property that is not found in naturally occurring materials. They are made from assemblies of multiple elements fashioned from composite materials such as metals or plastics. The materials are usually arranged in repeating patterns, at scales that are smaller than the wavelengths of the phenomena they influence. Metamaterials derive their properties not from the properties of the base materials, but from their newly designed structures. Their precise shape, geometry, size, orientation and arrangement gives them their smart properties capable of manipulating electromagnetic waves: by blocking, absorbing, enhancing, or bending waves, to achieve benefits that go beyond what is possible with conventional materials.
Appropriately designed metamaterials can affect waves of electromagnetic radiation or sound in a manner not observed in bulk materials. Those that exhibit a negative index of refraction for particular wavelengths have attracted significant research. These materials are known as negative-index metamaterials.
Potential applications of metamaterials are diverse and include optical filters, medical devices, remote aerospace applications, sensor detection and infrastructure monitoring, smart solar power management, crowd control, radomes, high-frequency battlefield communication and lenses for high-gain antennas, improving ultrasonic sensors, and even shielding structures from earthquakes. Metamaterials offer the potential to create superlenses. Such a lens could allow imaging below the diffraction limit that is the minimum resolution that can be achieved by conventional glass lenses. A form of 'invisibility' was demonstrated using gradient-index materials. Acoustic and seismic metamaterials are also research areas.Metamaterial research is interdisciplinary and involves such fields as electrical engineering, electromagnetics, classical optics, solid state physics, microwave and antenna engineering, optoelectronics, material sciences, nanoscience and semiconductor engineering.