Sociocultural evolution | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2018-12-03

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Sociocultural evolution


00:01:56 1 Introduction
00:04:42 2 Stadial theory
00:08:59 2.1 Sociocultural evolutionism and the idea of progress
00:23:04 2.2 Critique and impact on modern theories
00:26:40 2.3 Max Weber, disenchantment, and critical theory
00:28:36 3 Modern theories
00:33:02 3.1 Neoevolutionism
00:46:40 3.2 Sociobiology
00:49:48 3.3 Theory of modernization
00:52:19 3.4 Prediction for a stable cultural and social future
00:53:41 4 Contemporary perspectives
00:53:51 4.1 Political perspectives
00:55:06 4.2 Technological perspectives
00:57:01 4.3 Anthropological perspectives



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SUMMARY
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Sociocultural evolution, sociocultural evolutionism or cultural evolution are theories of cultural and social evolution that describe how cultures and societies change over time. Whereas sociocultural development traces processes that tend to increase the complexity of a society or culture, sociocultural evolution also considers process that can lead to decreases in complexity (degeneration) or that can produce variation or proliferation without any seemingly significant changes in complexity (cladogenesis). Sociocultural evolution is "the process by which structural reorganization is affected through time, eventually producing a form or structure which is qualitatively different from the ancestral form".Most of the 19th-century and some 20th-century approaches to socioculture aimed to provide models for the evolution of humankind as a whole, arguing that different societies have reached different stages of social development. The most comprehensive attempt to develop a general theory of social evolution centering on the development of sociocultural systems, the work of Talcott Parsons (1902–1979), operated on a scale which included a theory of world history. Another attempt, on a less systematic scale, originated with the world-systems approach from the 1970s.
More recent approaches focus on changes specific to individual societies and reject the idea that cultures differ primarily according to how far each one is on some linear scale of social progress. Most modern archaeologists and cultural anthropologists work within the frameworks of neoevolutionism, sociobiology, and modernization theory.
Many different societies have existed in the course of human history, with estimates as high as a total of over one million separate societies; however, as of  2013, the number of current, distinct societies had been estimated as only about two hundred.