Light microscopy | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 05/06/2019

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microscopy


00:01:54 1 History
00:02:53 2 Optical microscopy
00:03:46 2.1 Limitations
00:05:25 2.2 Techniques
00:06:00 2.2.1 Bright field
00:06:37 2.2.2 Oblique illumination
00:07:16 2.2.3 Dark field
00:08:30 2.2.4 Dispersion staining
00:09:06 2.2.5 Phase contrast
00:10:42 2.2.6 Differential interference contrast
00:12:40 2.2.7 Interference reflection
00:13:22 2.2.8 Fluorescence
00:17:14 2.2.9 Confocal
00:17:45 2.2.10 Single plane illumination microscopy and light sheet fluorescence microscopy
00:18:31 2.2.11 Wide-field multiphoton microscopy
00:19:50 2.2.12 Deconvolution
00:23:09 2.3 Sub-diffraction techniques
00:24:20 2.4 Serial time-encoded amplified microscopy
00:25:15 2.5 Extensions
00:26:43 2.6 Other enhancements
00:26:56 2.7 X-ray
00:27:35 3 Electron microscopy
00:28:58 4 Scanning probe microscopy
00:29:31 4.1 Ultrasonic force
00:30:48 5 Ultraviolet microscopy
00:32:12 6 Infrared microscopy
00:34:19 7 Digital holographic microscopy
00:35:46 8 Digital pathology (virtual microscopy)
00:36:20 9 Laser microscopy
00:37:48 10 Photoacoustic microscopy
00:41:34 11 Amateur microscopy
00:44:03 12 Application in forensic science



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SUMMARY
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Microscopy is the technical field of using microscopes to view objects and areas of objects that cannot be seen with the naked eye (objects that are not within the resolution range of the normal eye). There are three well-known branches of microscopy: optical, electron, and scanning probe microscopy, along with the emerging field of X-ray microscopy.
Optical microscopy and electron microscopy involve the diffraction, reflection, or refraction of electromagnetic radiation/electron beams interacting with the specimen, and the collection of the scattered radiation or another signal in order to create an image. This process may be carried out by wide-field irradiation of the sample (for example standard light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy) or by scanning a fine beam over the sample (for example confocal laser scanning microscopy and scanning electron microscopy). Scanning probe microscopy involves the interaction of a scanning probe with the surface of the object of interest. The development of microscopy revolutionized biology, gave rise to the field of histology and so remains an essential technique in the life and physical sciences. X-ray microscopy is three-dimensional and non-destructive, allowing for repeated imaging of the same sample for in situ or 4D studies, and providing the ability to "see inside" the sample being studied before sacrificing it to higher resolution techniques. A 3D X-ray microscope uses the technique of computed tomography (microCT), rotating the sample 360 degrees and reconstructing the images. CT is typically carried out with a flat panel display. A 3D X-ray microscope employs a range of objectives, e.g., from 4X to 40X, and can also include a flat panel.