Defamation | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-10-04

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defamation


00:01:43 1 Overview
00:04:19 2 Types
00:04:28 2.1 Slander
00:05:25 2.2 Libel
00:05:53 2.2.1 Cases involving libel
00:07:12 2.2.2 Proving libel
00:07:56 2.3 iScandalum magnatum/i
00:08:22 3 Criminal defamation
00:10:03 3.1 Early cases of criminal defamation
00:12:34 4 History
00:15:44 5 Defenses
00:16:01 5.1 Truth
00:19:44 5.2 Privilege and malice
00:21:56 5.3 Other defenses
00:26:39 5.4 Public figure doctrine (absence of malice)
00:28:11 6 Freedom of speech
00:29:31 7 Laws by jurisdiction
00:29:41 7.1 Criminal defamation by country
00:29:51 7.2 Internationally
00:30:26 7.3 Asia
00:30:35 7.3.1 Azerbaijan
00:31:43 7.3.2 China
00:32:02 7.3.3 Japan
00:32:33 7.3.4 India
00:33:48 7.3.5 Saudi Arabia
00:34:26 7.3.6 South Korea
00:37:09 7.3.7 Former Soviet Union
00:37:28 7.3.8 Nepal
00:37:40 7.3.9 Philippines
00:39:57 7.3.10 Taiwan
00:40:23 7.3.11 Thailand
00:40:31 7.3.11.1 Civil
00:41:28 7.3.11.2 Criminal
00:42:27 7.4 Europe
00:42:35 7.4.1 Albania
00:43:21 7.4.2 Austria
00:44:03 7.4.3 Belgium
00:45:36 7.4.4 Bulgaria
00:46:06 7.4.5 Croatia
00:47:35 7.4.6 Czech Republic
00:48:26 7.4.7 Denmark
00:49:05 7.4.8 Finland
00:50:10 7.4.9 France
00:50:42 7.4.10 Germany
00:52:19 7.4.11 Greece
00:53:20 7.4.12 Ireland
00:54:14 7.4.13 Italy
00:56:36 7.4.14 Netherlands
00:57:27 7.4.15 Norway
00:58:57 7.4.16 Poland
00:59:52 7.4.17 Portugal
01:01:07 7.4.18 Spain
01:02:23 7.4.19 Sweden
01:04:13 7.4.20 Switzerland
01:05:28 7.4.21 United Kingdom
01:05:36 7.4.21.1 England and Wales
01:08:24 7.4.21.2 Scotland
01:08:49 7.5 South America
01:08:58 7.5.1 Argentina
01:10:48 7.5.2 Brazil
01:12:05 7.5.3 Chile
01:15:03 7.5.4 Venezuela
01:15:21 7.6 North America
01:15:30 7.6.1 Canada
01:17:51 7.6.1.1 Criminal defamation
01:19:34 7.6.2 United States
01:21:52 7.6.2.1 Civil defamation
01:23:24 7.6.2.1.1 Defamation iper se/i
01:25:26 7.6.2.1.2 Record awards
01:25:57 7.6.2.2 Criminal defamation
01:27:03 7.6.2.2.1 Group Defamation
01:32:17 7.6.2.2.2 iBeauharnais v. Illinois/i
01:37:40 7.6.3 Mexico
01:38:14 7.7 Australasia
01:38:23 7.7.1 Australia
01:42:36 7.7.2 New Zealand
01:44:34 7.8 Religious law
01:45:37 8 Related torts



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SUMMARY
=======
Defamation, calumny, vilification, or traducement is the communication of a false statement that harms the reputation of, depending on the law of the country, an individual, business, product, group, government, religion, or nation. In South Korea and some other countries, communicating a true statement can also be considered defamation.
Under common law, to constitute defamation, a claim must generally be false and must have been made to someone other than the person defamed. Some common law jurisdictions also distinguish between spoken defamation, called slander, and defamation in other media such as printed words or images, called libel.False light laws protect against statements which are not technically false, but which are misleading.In some civil law jurisdictions, defamation is treated as a crime rather than a civil wrong. The United Nations Human Rights Committee ruled in 2012 that the libel law of one country, the Philippines, was inconsistent with Article 19 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, as well as urging that "State parties [to the Covenant] should consider the decriminalization of libel". In Saudi Arabia, defamation of the state, or a past or present ruler, is punishable under terrorism legislation.A person who defames another may be called a "defamer", "libeler", "slanderer", or rarely a "famacide".
The term libel is derived from the Latin libellus (literally "small book" or "booklet").