History of Italy as a monarchy and in the World Wars | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-05-16

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy


00:05:08 1 Overview
00:05:17 1.1 Territory
00:07:48 1.2 Government
00:10:42 1.3 Monarchs
00:11:53 1.4 Military structure
00:13:06 2 History
00:13:16 2.1 Unification process (1848–1870)
00:20:08 2.1.1 Unifying multiple bureaucracies
00:22:26 2.1.2 Culture and society
00:27:09 2.1.3 Economy
00:31:02 2.1.4 "iIl Mezzogiorno/i" (Southern Italy)
00:32:39 2.2 Liberal era of politics (1870–1914)
00:33:19 2.2.1 Agostino Depretis
00:36:20 2.2.2 Francesco Crispi
00:38:30 2.2.3 Colonialism
00:44:35 2.2.4 Giovanni Giolitti
00:47:29 2.3 World War I and the failure of the liberal state (1915–1922)
00:47:45 2.3.1 Prelude to war and internal dilemma
00:56:27 2.3.2 Italy's war effort
01:10:32 2.3.3 Italy's territorial settlements and the reaction
01:14:22 2.4 Fascist regime (1922–1943)
01:14:35 2.4.1 Mussolini in war and postwar
01:19:06 2.4.2 March on Rome
01:24:33 2.4.3 World War II and the fall of Fascism
01:37:45 2.5 Civil war (1943–1945)
01:45:23 2.6 End of the Kingdom of Italy
01:45:33 2.6.1 Italian constitutional referendum (1946)
01:48:34 3 See also



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SUMMARY
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The Kingdom of Italy (Italian: Regno d'Italia) was a state which existed from 1861—when King Victor Emmanuel II of Sardinia was proclaimed King of Italy—until 1946—when civil discontent led an institutional referendum to abandon the monarchy and form the modern Italian Republic. The state was founded as a result of the unification of Italy under the influence of the Kingdom of Sardinia, which can be considered its legal predecessor state.
Italy declared war on Austria in alliance with Prussia in 1866 and received the region of Veneto following their victory. Italian troops entered Rome in 1870, thereby ending more than one thousand years of Papal temporal power. Italy entered into a Triple Alliance with Germany and Austria-Hungary in 1882, following strong disagreements with France about the respective colonial expansions. However, even if relations with Berlin became very friendly, the alliance with Vienna remained purely formal as the Italians were keen to acquire Trentino and Trieste, corners of Austria-Hungary populated by Italians. So in 1915, Italy accepted the British invitation to join the Allied Powers, as the western powers promised territorial compensation (at the expense of Austria-Hungary) for participation that was more generous than Vienna's offer in exchange for Italian neutrality. Victory in the war gave Italy a permanent seat in the Council of the League of Nations.
"Fascist Italy" is the era of National Fascist Party government from 1922 to 1943 with Benito Mussolini as head of government. The fascists imposed totalitarian rule and crushed the political and intellectual opposition, while promoting economic modernization, traditional social values and a rapprochement with the Roman Catholic Church. According to Payne (1996), "[the] Fascist government passed through several relatively distinct phases". The first phase (1923–1925) was nominally a continuation of the parliamentary system, albeit with a "legally-organized executive dictatorship". Then came the second phase, "the construction of the Fascist dictatorship proper, from 1925 to 1929". The third phase, with less activism, was 1929 to 1934. The fourth phase, 1935–1940, was characterized by an aggressive foreign policy: war against Ethiopia, launched from Italian Eritrea and Italian Somaliland, which resulted in its annexation; confrontations with the League of Nations, leading to sanctions; growing economic autarky; and the signing of the Pact of Steel. The war itself (1940–1943) was the fifth phase with its disasters and defeats, while the rump Salò Government under German control was the final stage (1943–1945).Italy was an important m ...