The Truth About the Battle of Culloden (1746), the Last Pitched Battle in Britain
Channel: Celtic History Decoded
Date: 2023-10-15

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The Truth About the Battle of Culloden (1746), the Last Pitched Battle in Britain

Chapters: 
0:00 Intro
0:57 Game of Thrones 
2:47 Jacobite Risings 
4:35 How Scottish was the Jacobite Army?
6:25 How English was the British Army? 
7:05 Bayonet Drill 
7:36 The Battle of Culloden 
9:57 Aftermath of the Battle of Culloden 
12:07 Support

Creative Commons Imagery:

James Bosser Wdcf (talk) (Uploads) https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:House_of_Stuart.png Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported license. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en 

What is the truth about the Battle of Culloden and how Scottish was the Jacobite Army who actually fought at Culloden? Lying around 5 miles east of Inverness, this is Culloden Moor, the site of last pitched battle on British soil. The Jacobite rising of 1745 led to this battlefield the following year, with the Jacobites unified under the banner of restoring the House of Stuart to the British throne. The Jacobites were led by Charles Edward Stuart, the Young Pretender (“or Bonnie Prince Charlie”), whilst the British forces were led by William Augustus, the Duke of Cumberland (who ate all the pies aye), the son of King George II of Britain and Ireland. So just for context as we move through this video, at the battlefield today the red flags represent where the British forces under Cumberland lined up, and the blue flags represent the Jacobite position. 

But how did we get here? What were the key events that led to this battlefield, that shed so much blood on this land? Well, the story starts with King Billy and game of thrones-style family connections. The Glorious Revolution of 1688/89 set off a political earthquake in these isles that reverberated for over half a century. It started when Charles’s grandfather, James II (also known as James VII), a catholic King from the House of Stuart, who had ruled as King of Scotland, England and Ireland since 1685, was overthrown in the Glorious Revolution of 1688/89 by his daughter, Mary II of England, and her husband, William of Orange (who was actually Mary’s first cousin, which was quite common among royalty), a Protestant Prince from the Netherlands. 

The revolution took place shortly after the birth of James Francis Edward Stuart in 1688, the son, and therefore male heir, from James II’s second marriage with Mary of Modena. Thus, Mary II of England’s path to the throne was threatened by the birth of James Francis Edward Stuart, who would later have a son of his own, Charles, or Bonnie Prince Charlie. Various factors, including other internal pressures against James II, led to him being overthrown and fleeing to France. Mary and William of Orange took the British throne in 1689, and co-reigned until Mary’s death five years later, with William of Orange solely reigning until his death in 1702. After William’s death, Mary’s sister Anne reigned as Queen until 1714, when the throne was passed to King George I of the House of Hanover.

Sources:

National Army Museum – The Battle of Culloden https://www.nam.ac.uk/explore/battle-culloden 

Britannica, Battle of Culloden https://www.britannica.com/biography/Charles-Edward-the-Young-Pretender 

Battle of Culloden https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Culloden

Absolute History - Culloden: The Brutal 18th-Century Battle In The Scottish Highlands | Line Of Fire | Absolute History https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_40onBDbPH0 

History Hit - Culloden Battlefield Tour: How Were The Jacobites Defeated? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NAoyWOMLpUk 

Battle of Culloden https://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Battle_of_Culloden 

Simon Fraser - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simon_Fraser,_11th_Lord_Lovat 

The Highland Clearances The Highland Clearances (historic-uk.com)

Act of Proscription 1747 Act of Proscription 1747 (electricscotland.com) 

Campbell of Argyll Militia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Campbell_of_Argyll_Militia 

Independent Highland Companies https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independent_Highland_Companies 

#battleofculloden #history #scotland 

Battle of Culloden Documentary - Battle of Culloden Battlefield