Antitumor antibiotic | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-06-06

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemotherapy


00:03:45 1 Treatment strategies
00:07:28 1.1 Efficacy
00:08:01 1.2 Dosage
00:15:47 1.3 Types
00:15:55 1.3.1 Alkylating agents
00:18:48 1.3.2 Antimetabolites
00:22:58 1.3.3 Anti-microtubule agents
00:26:52 1.3.4 Topoisomerase inhibitors
00:29:11 1.3.5 Cytotoxic antibiotics
00:31:09 1.4 Delivery
00:33:44 2 Adverse effects
00:34:26 2.1 Immunosuppression and myelosuppression
00:37:34 2.2 Neutropenic enterocolitis
00:38:43 2.3 Gastrointestinal distress
00:40:18 2.4 Anemia
00:41:40 2.5 Fatigue
00:42:21 2.6 Nausea and vomiting
00:43:51 2.7 Hair loss
00:45:38 2.8 Secondary neoplasm
00:46:29 2.9 Infertility
00:49:41 2.10 Teratogenicity
00:51:16 2.11 Peripheral neuropathy
00:53:07 2.12 Cognitive impairment
00:53:39 2.13 Tumor lysis syndrome
00:54:48 2.14 Organ damage
00:56:43 2.15 Other side-effects
00:57:42 3 Limitations
00:59:48 4 Resistance
01:02:31 5 Cytotoxics and targeted therapies
01:04:21 6 Mechanism of action
01:07:09 7 Other uses
01:10:09 8 Occupational exposure and safe handling
01:12:32 8.1 Routes of exposure
01:15:01 8.2 Hazards
01:16:50 8.3 Safe handling in health care settings
01:17:22 8.3.1 Preparation
01:19:09 8.3.2 Administration
01:20:47 8.3.3 Employee training
01:22:26 8.3.4 Housekeeping and waste disposal
01:23:45 8.3.5 Spill control
01:24:30 8.4 Occupational monitoring
01:26:42 9 Available agents
01:27:07 10 History
01:29:30 10.1 The term ichemotherapy/i
01:30:42 11 Sales
01:30:58 12 Research
01:31:07 12.1 Targeted therapies
01:31:36 12.1.1 Antibody-drug conjugates
01:33:31 12.1.2 Nanoparticles
01:35:03 12.2 Electrochemotherapy
01:36:45 12.3 Hyperthermia therapy
01:38:31 13 Other animals



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SUMMARY
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Chemotherapy (often abbreviated to chemo and sometimes CTX or CTx) is a type of cancer treatment that uses one or more anti-cancer drugs (chemotherapeutic agents) as part of a standardized chemotherapy regimen. Chemotherapy may be given with a curative intent (which almost always involves combinations of drugs), or it may aim to prolong life or to reduce symptoms (palliative chemotherapy). Chemotherapy is one of the major categories of the medical discipline specifically devoted to pharmacotherapy for cancer, which is called medical oncology.The term chemotherapy has come to connote non-specific usage of intracellular poisons to inhibit mitosis, cell division. The connotation excludes more selective agents that block extracellular signals (signal transduction). The development of therapies with specific molecular or genetic targets, which inhibit growth-promoting signals from classic endocrine hormones (primarily estrogens for breast cancer and androgens for prostate cancer) are now called hormonal therapies. By contrast, other inhibitions of growth-signals like those associated with receptor tyrosine kinases are referred to as targeted therapy.
Importantly, the use of drugs (whether chemotherapy, hormonal therapy or targeted therapy) constitutes systemic therapy for cancer in that they are introduced into the blood stream and are therefore in principle able to address cancer at any anatomic location in the body. Systemic therapy is often used in conjunction with other modalities that constitute local therapy (i.e. treatments whose efficacy is confined to the anatomic area where they are applied) for cancer such as radiation therapy, surgery or hyperthermia therapy.
Traditional chemotherapeutic agents are cytotoxic by means of interfering with cell division (mitosis) but cancer cells vary widely in their susceptibility to these agents. To a large extent, chemotherapy can be thought of as a way to damage or stress cells, which may then lead to cell death if apoptosis is initiated. Many of the side effects of chemotherapy can be traced to damage to normal cells that divide rapidly  ...