Programmed cell death | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-05-06

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programmed_cell_death


00:01:31 1 History
00:02:33 2 Types
00:02:59 2.1 Apoptosis
00:04:34 2.2 Autophagy
00:05:17 2.2.1 Mechanism
00:08:09 2.3 Other types
00:10:17 3 Atrophic factors
00:11:04 4 Role in the development of the nervous system
00:11:48 4.1 Role in neural development
00:13:20 4.2 The neurotrophic theory
00:14:58 4.3 Peripheral versus central nervous system
00:17:19 4.4 Nervous system development in its absence
00:19:28 4.5 Invertebrates and vertebrates
00:21:34 5 In plant tissue
00:23:32 5.1 PCD in pollen prevents inbreeding
00:24:17 6 In slime molds
00:25:44 7 Evolutionary origin of mitochondrial apoptosis
00:28:09 8 Programmed death of entire organisms
00:28:20 9 Clinical significance
00:28:30 9.1 ABL
00:28:47 9.2 c-Myc
00:29:09 9.3 Metastasis
00:29:26 10 See also
00:29:36 11 Notes and references
00:29:53 12 External links



Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.

Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain

Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.

Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:
https://assistant.google.com/services/invoke/uid/0000001a130b3f91
Other Wikipedia audio articles at:
https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=wikipedia+tts
Upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
https://github.com/nodef/wikipedia-tts
Speaking Rate: 0.9371734503777516
Voice name: en-US-Wavenet-B


"I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think."
- Socrates


SUMMARY
=======
Programmed cell death (or PCD) is the death of a cell in any form, mediated by an intracellular program, and is also referred to as Cellular Suicide. PCD is carried out in a biological process, which usually confers advantage during an organism's life-cycle. For example, the differentiation of fingers and toes in a developing human embryo occurs because cells between the fingers apoptose; the result is that the digits are separate. PCD serves fundamental functions during both plant and animal tissue development.
Apoptosis and autophagy, both are the forms of programmed cell death, but necrosis was long seen as a non-physiological process that occurs as a result of infection or injury.Necrosis is the death of a cell caused by external factors such as trauma or infection and occurs in several different forms. Recently a form of programmed necrosis, called necroptosis, has been recognized as an alternative form of programmed cell death. It is hypothesized that necroptosis can serve as a cell-death backup to apoptosis when the apoptosis signaling is blocked by endogenous or exogenous factors such as viruses or mutations. Most recently, other types of regulated necrosis have been discovered as well, which share several signaling events with necroptosis and apoptosis.