Gas | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2018-12-08

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Gas


00:01:16 1 Elemental gases
00:01:53 2 Etymology
00:02:59 3 Physical characteristics
00:05:21 4 Macroscopic
00:08:15 4.1 Pressure
00:09:22 4.2 Temperature
00:10:47 4.3 Specific volume
00:11:58 4.4 Density
00:13:10 5 Microscopic
00:13:54 5.1 Kinetic theory
00:15:00 5.2 Brownian motion
00:16:02 5.3 Intermolecular forces
00:18:00 6 Simplified models
00:18:53 6.1 Ideal and perfect gas models
00:21:30 6.2 Real gas
00:23:43 7 Historical synthesis
00:23:53 7.1 Boyle's law
00:25:47 7.2 Charles's law
00:26:36 7.3 Gay-Lussac's Law
00:27:30 7.4 Avogadro's law
00:29:07 7.5 Dalton's law
00:30:05 8 Special topics
00:30:14 8.1 Compressibility
00:30:54 8.2 Reynolds number
00:31:31 8.3 Viscosity
00:32:14 8.4 Turbulence
00:32:45 8.5 Boundary layer
00:33:32 8.6 Maximum entropy principle
00:34:30 8.7 Thermodynamic equilibrium
00:35:17 9 See also



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SUMMARY
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Gas is one of the four fundamental states of matter (the others being solid, liquid, and plasma). A pure gas may be made up of individual atoms (e.g. a noble gas like neon), elemental molecules made from one type of atom (e.g. oxygen), or compound molecules made from a variety of atoms (e.g. carbon dioxide). A gas mixture would contain a variety of pure gases much like the air. What distinguishes a gas from liquids and solids is the vast separation of the individual gas particles. This separation usually makes a colorless gas invisible to the human observer. The interaction of gas particles in the presence of electric and gravitational fields are considered negligible as indicated by the constant velocity vectors in the image.
The gaseous state of matter is found between the liquid and plasma states, the latter of which provides the upper temperature boundary for gases. Bounding the lower end of the temperature scale lie degenerative quantum gases which are gaining increasing attention. High-density atomic gases super cooled to incredibly low temperatures are classified by their statistical behavior as either a Bose gas or a Fermi gas. For a comprehensive listing of these exotic states of matter see list of states of matter.