Earth structure | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-05-16

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth_structure


00:02:08 1 Soil
00:05:10 2 Materials
00:05:42 2.1 Mud
00:07:14 2.2 Cob
00:08:36 2.3 Sod or turf
00:09:47 2.4 Stabilized earth
00:11:56 2.5 Rammed earth
00:13:51 2.6 Concrete
00:14:51 3 Building units
00:15:01 3.1 Mud brick or adobe brick
00:17:11 3.2 Compressed earth block
00:19:00 3.3 Earthbags
00:20:25 3.4 Fired clay brick
00:22:16 4 Examples
00:22:26 4.1 Earth sheltering
00:24:32 4.2 Native American earth lodge
00:25:45 4.3 Wattle and daub
00:27:04 4.4 Prairie sod house
00:28:34 4.5 Mud brick buildings
00:31:02 4.6 Toulous
00:32:24 4.7 Mounds and pyramids
00:34:57 4.8 Earthworks
00:37:43 4.9 Forts and trenches
00:40:21 4.10 Embankment dams
00:42:05 5 Structural Issues
00:42:15 5.1 Designing for Earthquakes
00:44:07 5.2 Seismic-Resistant Construction Techniques



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SUMMARY
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An earth structure is a building or other structure made largely from soil. Since soil is a widely available material, it has been used in construction since prehistoric times.
It may be combined with other materials, compressed and/or baked to add strength. 
Soil is still an economical material for many applications, and may have low environmental impact both during and after construction.
Earth structure materials may be as simple as mud, or mud mixed with straw to make cob. Sturdy dwellings may be also built from sod or turf. Soil may be stabilized by the addition of lime or cement, and may be compacted into rammed earth. Construction is faster with pre-formed adobe or mudbricks, compressed earth blocks, earthbags or fired clay bricks.Types of earth structure include earth shelters, where a dwelling is wholly or partly embedded in the ground or encased in soil. Native American earth lodges are examples. Wattle and daub houses use a "wattle" of  poles interwoven with sticks to provide stability for mud walls. Sod houses were built on the northwest coast of Europe, and later by European settlers on the North American prairies. Adobe or mud-brick buildings are built around the world and include houses, apartment buildings, mosques and churches. Fujian Tulous are large fortified rammed earth buildings in southeastern China that shelter as many as 80 families. Other types of earth structure include mounds and pyramids used for religious purposes, levees, mechanically stabilized earth retaining walls, forts, trenches and embankment dams.