Charlemagne | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: Subhajit Sahu
Date: 14/12/2018

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Charlemagne


00:02:36 1 Political background
00:06:26 2 Rise to power
00:06:35 2.1 Early life
00:06:44 2.1.1 Date of birth
00:08:07 2.1.2 Place of birth
00:08:41 2.2 Ancestry
00:09:40 2.3 Ambiguous high office
00:13:41 2.4 Aquitainian rebellion
00:13:50 2.4.1 Formation of a new Aquitaine
00:15:26 2.4.2 Acquisition of Aquitaine by the Carolingians
00:18:13 2.4.3 Loss and recovery of Aquitaine
00:20:54 2.5 Perforce union
00:22:00 3 Italian campaigns
00:22:10 3.1 Conquest of the Lombard kingdom
00:24:43 3.2 Southern Italy
00:25:29 4 Children
00:28:43 5 Carolingian expansion to the south
00:28:53 5.1 Vasconia and the Pyrenees
00:31:48 5.2 Roncesvalles campaign
00:33:27 5.3 Contact with the Saracens
00:34:20 5.4 Wars with the Moors
00:35:52 6 Eastern campaigns
00:36:02 6.1 Saxon Wars
00:39:59 6.2 Submission of Bavaria
00:41:20 6.3 Avar campaigns
00:43:15 6.4 Northeast Slav expeditions
00:44:25 6.5 Southeast Slav expeditions
00:45:45 7 Imperium
00:45:54 7.1 Coronation
00:48:14 7.1.1 Debate
00:55:16 7.2 Imperial title
00:56:26 7.3 Imperial diplomacy
00:58:26 7.4 Danish attacks
00:59:46 7.5 Death
01:02:19 8 Administration
01:02:28 8.1 Organisation
01:03:11 8.2 Military
01:03:51 8.3 Economic and monetary reforms
01:05:36 8.4 Jews in Charlemagne's realm
01:06:49 8.5 Education reforms
01:09:07 8.6 Church reforms
01:10:45 8.7 Writing reforms
01:11:37 8.8 Political reforms
01:11:55 8.8.1 Divisio regnorum
01:12:58 9 Personality
01:13:08 9.1 Manner
01:14:51 9.2 Language
01:15:51 9.3 Appearance
01:17:28 9.4 Dress
01:18:43 9.5 Homes
01:19:20 10 Family
01:19:28 10.1 Marriages and heirs
01:20:13 10.2 Ancestry
01:20:21 11 Name
01:21:49 12 Beatification
01:22:32 13 Cultural uses
01:22:42 13.1 Middle Ages
01:24:19 13.2 Modern era
01:27:09 14 Books and libraries
01:29:08 15 See also



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SUMMARY
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Charlemagne () or Charles the Great (German: Karl der Große, Italian: Carlo Magno/Carlomagno; 2 April 742 – 28 January 814), numbered Charles I, was King of the Franks from 768, King of the Lombards from 774, and Holy Roman Emperor from 800. He united much of western and central Europe during the Early Middle Ages. He was the first recognised emperor to rule from western Europe since the fall of the Western Roman Empire three centuries earlier. The expanded Frankish state that Charlemagne founded is called the Carolingian Empire. He was later canonized by Antipope Paschal III.
Charlemagne was the eldest son of Pepin the Short and Bertrada of Laon, born before their canonical marriage. He became king in 768 following his father's death, initially as co-ruler with his brother Carloman I. Carloman's sudden death in December 771 under unexplained circumstances left Charlemagne as the sole ruler of the Frankish Kingdom. He continued his father's policy towards the papacy and became its protector, removing the Lombards from power in northern Italy and leading an incursion into Muslim Spain. He campaigned against the Saxons to his east, Christianizing them upon penalty of death and leading to events such as the Massacre of Verden. He reached the height of his power in 800 when he was crowned "Emperor of the Romans" by Pope Leo III on Christmas Day at Rome's Old St. Peter's Basilica.
Charlemagne has been called the "Father of Europe" (Pater Europae), as he united most of Western Europe for the first time since the classical era of the Roman Empire and united parts of Europe that had never been under Frankish rule. His rule spurred the Carolingian Renaissance, a period of energetic cultural and intellectual activity within the Western Church. All Holy Roman Emperors considered their kingdoms to be descendants of Charlemagne's empire, as did the French and German monarchies. However, the Eastern Orthodox Church views Charlemagne more controversially, labelling as heterodox his support of the filioque and the Pope's recognizing him as legitimate Roman Emperor rather than Irene of Athens of the Byzantine Empire. These and othe ...