Rutherfordium | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 08/12/2018

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Rutherfordium


00:01:23 1 History
00:01:32 1.1 Discovery
00:03:21 1.2 Naming controversy
00:05:58 2 Isotopes
00:06:35 2.1 Life-times
00:08:49 3 Predicted properties
00:08:58 3.1 Chemical
00:11:41 3.2 Physical and atomic
00:11:57 4 Experimental chemistry
00:12:51 4.1 Gas phase
00:13:02 4.2 Aqueous phase
00:13:14 5 See also
00:14:42 6 References



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SUMMARY
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Rutherfordium is a synthetic chemical element with symbol Rf and atomic number 104, named after physicist Ernest Rutherford. As a synthetic element, it is not found in nature and can only be created in a laboratory. It is radioactive; the most stable known isotope, 267Rf, has a half-life of approximately 1.3 hours.
In the periodic table of the elements, it is a d-block element and the second of the fourth-row transition elements. It is a member of the 7th period and belongs to the group 4 elements. Chemistry experiments have confirmed that rutherfordium behaves as the heavier homologue to hafnium in group 4. The chemical properties of rutherfordium are characterized only partly. They compare well with the chemistry of the other group 4 elements, even though some calculations had indicated that the element might show significantly different properties due to relativistic effects.
In the 1960s, small amounts of rutherfordium were produced in the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research in the former Soviet Union and at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory in California. The priority of the discovery and therefore the naming of the element was disputed between Soviet and American scientists, and it was not until 1997 that International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) established rutherfordium as the official name for the element.