Geophysics | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2018-12-24

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geophysics


00:01:55 1 Physical phenomena
00:02:22 1.1 Gravity
00:03:22 1.2 Heat flow
00:04:09 1.3 Vibrations
00:05:20 1.4 Electricity
00:06:41 1.5 Electromagnetic waves
00:07:49 1.6 Magnetism
00:09:23 1.7 Radioactivity
00:10:24 1.8 Fluid dynamics
00:11:33 1.9 Mineral physics
00:13:08 2 Regions of the Earth
00:13:18 2.1 Size and form of the Earth
00:13:50 2.2 Structure of the interior
00:16:32 2.3 Magnetosphere
00:17:12 3 Methods
00:17:21 3.1 Geodesy
00:19:28 3.2 Satellites and space probes
00:20:18 4 History
00:20:47 4.1 Ancient and classical eras
00:22:01 4.2 Beginnings of modern science
00:22:48 5 See also



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SUMMARY
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Geophysics  is a subject of natural science concerned with the physical processes and physical properties of the Earth and its surrounding space environment, and the use of quantitative methods for their analysis. The term geophysics sometimes refers only to the geological applications: Earth's shape; its gravitational and magnetic fields; its internal structure and composition; its dynamics and their surface expression in plate tectonics, the generation of magmas, volcanism and rock formation. However, modern geophysics organizations use a broader definition that includes the water cycle including snow and ice; fluid dynamics of the oceans and the atmosphere; electricity and magnetism in the ionosphere and magnetosphere and solar-terrestrial relations; and analogous problems associated with the Moon and other planets.Although geophysics was only recognized as a separate discipline in the 19th century, its origins date back to ancient times. The first magnetic compasses were made from lodestones, while more modern magnetic compasses played an important role in the history of navigation. The first seismic instrument was built in 132 AD. Isaac Newton applied his theory of mechanics to the tides and the precession of the equinox; and instruments were developed to measure the Earth's shape, density and gravity field, as well as the components of the water cycle. In the 20th century, geophysical methods were developed for remote exploration of the solid Earth and the ocean, and geophysics played an essential role in the development of the theory of plate tectonics.
Geophysics is applied to societal needs, such as mineral resources, mitigation of natural hazards and environmental protection.  In Exploration Geophysics, Geophysical survey data are used to analyze potential petroleum reservoirs and mineral deposits, locate groundwater, find archaeological relics, determine the thickness of glaciers and soils, and assess sites for environmental remediation.