Cryptographic signature | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 15/06/2019

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_signature


00:02:28 1 Definition
00:04:44 2 History
00:05:12 3 Method
00:05:15 4 Notions of security
00:05:24 5 Applications of digital signatures
00:07:07 5.1 Authentication
00:10:38 5.2 Integrity
00:11:59 5.3 Non-repudiation
00:12:56 6 Additional security precautions
00:13:53 6.1 Putting the private key on a smart card
00:14:49 6.2 Using smart card readers with a separate keyboard
00:16:13 6.3 Other smart card designs
00:16:24 6.4 Using digital signatures only with trusted applications
00:18:27 6.5 Using a network attached hardware security module
00:19:15 6.6 WYSIWYS
00:19:37 6.7 Digital signatures versus ink on paper signatures
00:20:57 7 Some digital signature algorithms
00:21:36 8 The current state of use &#8211; legal and practical
00:23:25 9 Industry standards
00:24:32 9.1 Using separate key pairs for signing and encryption
00:25:58 10 See also
00:29:24 11 Notes
00:29:53 12 References
00:31:23 13 Further reading



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SUMMARY
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A digital signature is a mathematical scheme for verifying the authenticity of digital messages or documents. A valid digital signature, where the prerequisites are satisfied, gives a recipient very strong reason to believe that the message was created by a known sender (authentication), and that the message was not altered in transit (integrity).Digital signatures are a standard element of most cryptographic protocol suites, and are commonly used for software distribution, financial transactions, contract management software, and in other cases where it is important to detect forgery or tampering.
Digital signatures are often used to implement electronic signatures, which includes any electronic data that carries the intent of a signature, but not all electronic signatures use digital signatures. In some countries, including the United States, Algeria, Turkey, India, Brazil, Indonesia, Mexico, Saudi Arabia, Uruguay, Switzerland and the countries of the European Union, electronic signatures have legal significance.
Digital signatures employ asymmetric cryptography. In many instances they provide a layer of validation and security to messages sent through a non-secure channel: Properly implemented, a digital signature gives the receiver reason to believe the message was sent by the claimed sender.  Digital seals and signatures are equivalent to handwritten signatures and stamped seals. Digital signatures are equivalent to traditional handwritten signatures in many respects, but properly implemented digital signatures are more difficult to forge than the handwritten type. Digital signature schemes, in the sense used here, are cryptographically based, and must be implemented properly to be effective. Digital signatures can also provide non-repudiation, meaning that the signer cannot successfully claim they did not sign a message, while also claiming their private key remains secret. Further, some non-repudiation schemes offer a time stamp for the digital signature, so that even if the private key is exposed, the signature is valid. Digitally signed messages may be anything representable as a bitstring: examples include electronic mail, contracts, or a message sent via some other cryptographic protocol.