The Pollination Process: A Class 12 Biology Breakdown
Channel: LearnQuest
Date: 30/11/2023

The Pollination Process: A Class 12 Biology Breakdown
Sure, here is a breakdown of the pollination process in flowering plants:

| Step | Description |
|---|---|
| 1. Pollination | Pollen grains are transferred from the male reproductive organ (anther) of a flower to the female reproductive organ (stigma) of the same or another flower. This can be done by wind, water, or animals. |
| 2. Germination | The pollen grain lands on the stigma and germinates, producing a pollen tube. The pollen tube grows down the style of the flower to the ovary. |
| 3. Fertilization | The tip of the pollen tube enters the ovule and releases the sperm cells. One sperm cell fuses with the egg cell, forming a zygote. The other sperm cell fuses with the two polar nuclei of the central cell, forming an endosperm nucleus. |
| 4. Embryo development | The zygote divides and develops into an embryo. The endosperm nucleus also divides and forms the endosperm, which nourishes the embryo. |
| 5. Seed formation | The ovary develops into a fruit, and the ovule develops into a seed. The seed contains the embryo and the endosperm, which are protected by a seed coat. |
| 6. Seed dispersal | The seed is dispersed away from the parent plant by wind, water, or animals. When the seed lands in a suitable environment, it can germinate and produce a new plant. |

Pollination is a crucial step in the sexual reproduction of flowering plants. It allows for the transfer of genetic material between plants, which leads to genetic variation and the ability of plants to adapt to their environment.