Scorched earth policy | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 14/06/2019

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scorched_earth


00:02:45 1 Ancient times
00:03:45 2 Roman era
00:07:13 3 Middle Ages
00:07:22 3.1 Early Middle Ages
00:09:06 3.2 Harrying of the North
00:10:07 3.3 High and Late Middle Ages
00:12:07 4 Early Modern era
00:15:00 4.1 Wallachian-Ottoman Wars
00:15:56 4.2 Great Siege of Malta
00:16:47 4.3 Nine Years' War
00:18:18 4.4 Mughal-Maratha Wars
00:20:07 5 Nineteenth century
00:20:17 5.1 Napoleonic Wars
00:23:57 5.2 South American War of Independence
00:26:10 5.3 Greek War of Independence
00:27:23 5.4 Philippine-American War
00:28:05 5.5 American Civil War
00:30:51 5.6 Native American wars
00:32:28 5.7 Boer War
00:34:28 5.8 Other
00:34:52 6 Twentieth century
00:35:02 6.1 World War I
00:36:32 6.2 Greco-Turkish War (1919–22)
00:37:25 6.3 Second Sino-Japanese War
00:38:25 6.4 World War II
00:42:46 6.5 Malayan Emergency
00:43:23 6.6 Goa War
00:44:21 6.7 Vietnam War
00:44:52 6.8 Gulf War
00:45:37 6.9 Central America
00:46:35 6.10 Bandung Sea of Fire
00:47:32 6.11 Yugoslav Wars
00:47:53 7 21st century
00:48:03 7.1 Darfur region of Sudan
00:48:21 7.2 Sri Lankan civil war
00:48:47 7.3 Libyan civil war
00:49:29 7.4 Syrian civil war



Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.

Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain

Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.

Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:
https://assistant.google.com/services/invoke/uid/0000001a130b3f91
Other Wikipedia audio articles at:
https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=wikipedia+tts
Upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
https://github.com/nodef/wikipedia-tts
Speaking Rate: 0.8163012129059228
Voice name: en-US-Wavenet-C


"I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think."
- Socrates


SUMMARY
=======
A scorched-earth policy is a military strategy that aims to destroy anything that might be useful to the enemy while it is advancing through or withdrawing from a location. Any assets that could be used by the enemy may be targeted, for example food sources, water supplies, transportation, communications, industrial resources, and even the local people themselves.
The practice can be carried out by the military in enemy territory, or in its own home territory. It may overlap with, but it is not the same as, punitive destruction of the enemy's resources, which is done for purely strategic/political reasons rather than strategic/operational reasons.
Notable historic examples of scorched-earth tactics include the Russian army's strategy during the failed Swedish invasion of Russia, the failed Napoleonic invasion of Russia, William Tecumseh Sherman's March to the Sea in the American Civil War, colonel Kit Carson's subjugation of the American Navajo Indians, Lord Kitchener's advance against the Boers, the initial Soviet retreat commanded by Joseph Stalin during the German Army's invasion of the Soviet Union in the Second World War, the subsequent Nazi German retreat on the Eastern Front and the setting of fire to 605-732 oil wells by retreating Iraqi military forces in the Gulf War .
The strategy of destroying the food and water supply of the civilian population in an area of conflict has been banned under Article 54 of Protocol I of the 1977 Geneva Conventions. The relevant passage says:

It is prohibited to attack, destroy, remove, or render useless objects indispensable to the survival of the civilian population, such as foodstuffs, agricultural areas for the production of foodstuffs, crops, livestock, drinking water installations and supplies, and irrigation works, for the specific purpose of denying them for their sustenance value to the civilian population or to the adverse Party, whatever the motive, whether in order to starve out civilians, to cause them to move away, or for any other motive.
The concept of scorched earth is sometimes applied figuratively to the business world, where a firm facing a takeover attempt will make itself a lesser prize by selling off its assets.