Theanine | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2018-12-10

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Theanine


00:01:35 1 Structure and properties
00:03:23 2 Discovery and distribution
00:04:12 3 Digestion and metabolism
00:04:43 4 Pharmacology
00:04:53 4.1 Pharmacodynamics
00:06:26 4.2 Effects
00:07:43 5 Supplement use
00:09:49 6 In brewed teabags
00:10:35 7 See also
00:10:48 8 Notes and references
00:10:57 9 Further reading



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SUMMARY
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Theanine , also known as L-γ-glutamylethylamide and N5-ethyl-L-glutamine, is an amino acid analogue of the proteinogenic amino acids L-glutamate and L-glutamine and is found primarily in particular plant and fungal species. It was discovered as a constituent of green tea in 1949 and in 1950 was isolated from gyokuro leaves. Theanine provides a unique brothy or savory (umami) flavor to green tea infusions.
The name "theanine" without a prefix generally implies the enantiomer L-theanine, which is the form found in tea leaves and as a dietary supplement ingredient. Most studies have used L-theanine. The opposite enantiomer, D-theanine, has been studied less.
The regulatory status of theanine varies by country. In Japan, L-theanine has been approved for use in all foods, including herb teas, soft drinks, desserts, etc. Restrictions apply to infant foods. In the United States, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) considers it to be generally recognized as safe (GRAS) and allows its sale as a dietary supplement. The German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, an agency of their Federal Ministry of Food and Agriculture, objects to the addition of L-theanine to beverages. The European Food Safety Authority EFSA advised negatively on health claims related to L-theanine and cognitive function, alleviation of psychological stress, maintenance of normal sleep, and reduction of menstrual discomfort. Therefore, health claims for L-theanine are prohibited in the European Union.