North American Free Trade Agreement | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-10-03

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_American_Free_Trade_Agreement


00:02:48 1 Negotiation, signing, ratification, and revision (1988–94)
00:03:03 1.1 Negotiation
00:04:04 1.2 Signing
00:04:32 1.3 Ratification
00:04:41 1.3.1 Canada
00:06:01 1.3.2 United States
00:07:35 1.3.3 Mexico
00:08:09 2 Provisions
00:09:24 2.1 Intellectual property
00:09:52 2.2 Environment
00:11:17 2.3 Agriculture
00:12:07 2.4 Transportation infrastructure
00:12:39 2.5 Chapter 11 - investor-state dispute settlement procedures
00:17:01 2.6 Chapter 19 - countervailing duty
00:19:17 3 Adjudication
00:19:44 4 Impact
00:19:53 4.1 Canada
00:20:02 4.1.1 Historical context
00:21:57 4.1.2 Current issues
00:24:19 4.2 Mexico
00:28:54 4.3 United States
00:31:22 4.3.1 Trade balances
00:32:51 4.3.2 Investment
00:33:39 4.4 Economy and jobs
00:35:52 4.5 Environment
00:37:26 4.6 Mobility of persons
00:39:49 5 Disputes and controversies
00:39:59 5.1 1992 U.S. presidential candidate Ross Perot
00:41:13 5.2 Legal disputes
00:43:09 5.2.1 Change in income trust taxation not expropriation
00:43:51 5.3 Impact on Mexican farmers
00:44:29 5.4 Zapatista Uprising in Chiapas, Mexico
00:45:28 5.5 Criticism from 2016 U.S. presidential candidates
00:47:36 6 Policy of the Trump administration
00:47:47 6.1 Renegotiation
00:54:32 6.2 Impact of withdrawing from NAFTA
00:56:27 7 Trans-Pacific Partnership
00:57:16 8 American public opinion on NAFTA
00:59:45 9 See also



Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.

Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain

Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.

Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:
https://assistant.google.com/services/invoke/uid/0000001a130b3f91
Other Wikipedia audio articles at:
https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=wikipedia+tts
Upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
https://github.com/nodef/wikipedia-tts
Speaking Rate: 0.992256572209177
Voice name: en-GB-Wavenet-C


"I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think."
- Socrates


SUMMARY
=======
The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA; Spanish: Tratado de Libre Comercio de América del Norte, TLCAN; French: Accord de libre-échange nord-américain, ALÉNA) is an agreement signed by Canada, Mexico, and the United States, creating a trilateral trade bloc in North America. The agreement came into force on January 1, 1994, and superseded the 1988 Canada–United States Free Trade Agreement between the United States and Canada. The NAFTA trade bloc is one of the largest trade blocs in the world by gross domestic product.
The impetus for a North American free trade zone began with U.S. President Ronald Reagan, who made the idea part of his 1980 presidential campaign. After the signing of the Canada–United States Free Trade Agreement in 1988, the administrations of U.S. President George H. W. Bush, Mexican President Carlos Salinas de Gortari, and Canadian Prime Minister Brian Mulroney agreed to negotiate what became NAFTA. Each submitted the agreement for ratification in their respective capitals in December 1992, but NAFTA faced significant opposition in both the United States and Canada. All three countries ratified NAFTA in 1993 after the addition of two side agreements, the North American Agreement on Labor Cooperation (NAALC) and the North American Agreement on Environmental Cooperation (NAAEC).
Passage of NAFTA resulted in the elimination or reduction of barriers to trade and investment between the U.S., Canada, and Mexico. The effects of the agreement regarding issues such as employment, the environment, and economic growth have been the subject of political disputes. Most economic analyses indicate that NAFTA has been beneficial to the North American economies and the average citizen, but has harmed a small minority of workers in industries exposed to trade competition. Economists hold that withdrawing from NAFTA or renegotiating NAFTA in a way that reestablishes trade barriers would adversely affect the U.S. economy and cost jobs. However, Mexico would be much more severely affected by job loss and reduction of economic growth in both the short term and long term.After U.S. President Donald Trump took office in January 2017, he sought to replace NAFTA with a new agreement, beginning negotiations with Canada and Mexico. In September 2018, the United States, Mexico, and Canada reached an agreement to  ...