Battle of Spotsylvania Court House | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2018-12-05

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Battle of Spotsylvania Court House


00:02:37 1 Background
00:02:46 1.1 Military situation
00:05:01 2 Opposing forces
00:05:10 2.1 Union
00:07:34 2.2 Confederate
00:08:50 3 Initial movements
00:08:59 3.1 May 7: The race to Spotsylvania
00:11:21 4 Battle
00:11:30 4.1 May 8: Laurel Hill and cavalry troubles
00:15:18 4.2 May 9: Fortifications, Sedgwick, and Hancock
00:18:01 4.3 May 10: Grant attacks
00:23:37 4.4 May 11: Planning for the grand assault
00:26:10 4.5 May 12: The Bloody Angle
00:33:35 4.6 May 13–16: Reorienting the lines
00:35:00 4.7 May 17–18: Final Union attacks
00:36:12 4.8 May 19: Harris Farm
00:37:38 5 Aftermath
00:38:28 6 Casualties
00:40:01 7 Medal of Honor
00:40:22 8 Battlefield preservation
00:40:52 9 See also



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SUMMARY
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The Battle of Spotsylvania Court House, sometimes more simply referred to as the Battle of Spotsylvania (or the 19th-century spelling Spottsylvania), was the second major battle in Lt. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant's 1864 Overland Campaign of the American Civil War. Following the bloody but inconclusive Battle of the Wilderness, Grant's army disengaged from Confederate General Robert E. Lee's army and moved to the southeast, attempting to lure Lee into battle under more favorable conditions. Elements of Lee's army beat the Union army to the critical crossroads of Spotsylvania Court House, Virginia, and began entrenching. Fighting occurred on and off from May 8 through May 21, 1864, as Grant tried various schemes to break the Confederate line. In the end, the battle was tactically inconclusive, but with almost 32,000 casualties on both sides, it was the costliest battle of the campaign.
On May 8, Union Maj. Gens. Gouverneur K. Warren and John Sedgwick unsuccessfully attempted to dislodge the Confederates under Maj. Gen. Richard H. Anderson from Laurel Hill, a position that was blocking them from Spotsylvania Court House. On May 10, Grant ordered attacks across the Confederate line of earthworks, which by now extended over 4 miles (6.4 km), including a prominent salient known as the Mule Shoe. Although the Union troops failed again at Laurel Hill, an innovative assault attempt by Col. Emory Upton against the Mule Shoe showed promise.
Grant used Upton's assault technique on a much larger scale on May 12 when he ordered the 15,000 men of Maj. Gen. Winfield Scott Hancock's corps to assault the Mule Shoe. Hancock was initially successful, but the Confederate leadership rallied and repulsed his incursion. Attacks by Maj. Gen. Horatio Wright on the western edge of the Mule Shoe, which became known as the "Bloody Angle", involved almost 24 hours of desperate hand-to-hand fighting, some of the most intense of the Civil War. Supporting attacks by Warren and by Maj. Gen. Ambrose Burnside were unsuccessful.
Grant repositioned his lines in another attempt to engage Lee under more favorable conditions and launched a final attack by Hancock on May 18, which made no progress. A reconnaissance in force by Confederate Lt. Gen. Richard S. Ewell at Harris farm on May 19 was a costly and pointless failure. On May 21, Grant disengaged from the Confederate Army and started southeast on another maneuver to turn Lee's right flank, as the Overland Campaign continued toward the Battle of North Anna.