Alternative stable state | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 06/05/2019

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_stable_state


00:01:04 1 Theory
00:04:38 2 Ecological community
00:06:49 3 Ecosystem
00:09:16 4 Hysteresis effects
00:12:06 5 Resilience
00:13:50 6 Evidence
00:15:22 6.1 Empirical evidence



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SUMMARY
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In ecology, the theory of alternative stable states (sometimes termed alternate stable states or alternative stable equilibria) predicts that ecosystems can exist under multiple "states" (sets of unique biotic and abiotic conditions). These alternative states are non-transitory and therefore considered stable over ecologically-relevant timescales. Ecosystems may transition from one stable state to another, in what is known as a state shift (sometimes termed a phase shift or regime shift), when perturbed. Due to ecological feedbacks, ecosystems display resistance to state shifts and therefore tend to remain in one state unless perturbations are large enough. Multiple states may persist under equal environmental conditions, a phenomenon known as hysteresis. Alternative stable state theory suggests that discrete states are separated by ecological thresholds, in contrast to ecosystems which change smoothly and continuously along an environmental gradient.