Climate change in the Arctic | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-06-17

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_change_in_the_Arctic


00:01:14 1 Rising temperatures
00:02:27 1.1 Arctic amplification
00:03:19 1.2 Black carbon
00:03:50 2 Decline of sea ice
00:04:18 2.1 Changes in extent and area
00:06:38 2.2 Changes in volume
00:07:28 2.3 An end to summer sea ice?
00:08:33 3 Permafrost thaw
00:09:53 3.1 Subsea permafrost
00:11:17 4 Changes in vegetation
00:15:18 5 Changes for animals
00:16:53 6 Melting of the Greenland Ice Sheet
00:17:45 7 Effect on ocean circulation
00:18:22 8 Territorial claims
00:19:12 9 Social impacts
00:20:57 9.1 Navigation
00:22:23 10 Research
00:22:32 10.1 National
00:23:21 10.2 International
00:24:43 11 See also



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SUMMARY
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The effects of  global warming in the Arctic, or climate change in the Arctic include rising air and water temperatures, loss of sea ice, and melting of the Greenland ice sheet with a related cold temperature anomaly, observed since the 1970s. Related impacts include ocean circulation changes, increased input of freshwater, and ocean acidification. Indirect effects through potential climate teleconnections to mid latitudes may result in a greater frequency of extreme weather events (flooding, fires and drought), ecological, biological and phenology changes, biological migrations and extinctions, natural resource stresses and as well as human health, displacement and security issues. Potential methane releases from the region, especially through the thawing of permafrost and methane clathrates, may occur. Presently, the Arctic is warming twice as fast compared to the rest of the world. The pronounced warming signal, the amplified response of the Arctic to global warming, is often seen as a leading indicator of global warming. The melting of Greenland's ice sheet is linked to polar amplification. According to a study published in 2016, about 0.5 °C of the warming in the Arctic has been attributed to reductions in sulfate aerosols in Europe since 1980.