Nonreductive physicalism | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-03-27

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophy_of_mind


00:03:30 1 Mind–body problem
00:04:52 2 Dualist solutions to the mind–body problem
00:06:18 2.1 Arguments for dualism
00:10:38 2.2 Interactionist dualism
00:12:52 2.3 Other forms of dualism
00:13:01 2.3.1 Psychophysical parallelism
00:14:01 2.3.2 Occasionalism
00:14:36 2.3.3 Property dualism
00:17:42 2.3.4 Dual aspect theory
00:18:44 2.3.5 Experiential dualism
00:22:13 3 Monist solutions to the mind–body problem
00:24:02 3.1 Physicalistic monisms
00:24:11 3.1.1 Behaviorism
00:25:54 3.1.2 Identity theory
00:28:05 3.1.3 Functionalism
00:29:41 3.1.4 Non-reductive physicalism
00:31:56 3.1.5 Weak emergentism
00:33:29 3.1.6 Eliminative materialism
00:34:51 4 Mysterianism
00:36:00 5 Linguistic criticism of the mind–body problem
00:37:26 6 Naturalism and its problems
00:38:10 6.1 Qualia
00:41:29 6.2 Intentionality
00:42:43 7 Philosophy of perception
00:43:13 8 Philosophy of mind and science
00:43:57 8.1 Neurobiology
00:45:59 8.2 Computer science
00:48:31 8.3 Psychology
00:49:32 8.4 Cognitive science
00:50:51 9 Philosophy of mind in the continental tradition
00:54:18 10 Topics related to philosophy of mind
00:54:57 10.1 Free will
00:57:19 10.2 Self
00:58:29 11 See also



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SUMMARY
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Philosophy of mind is a branch of philosophy that studies the ontology, nature, and relationship of the mind to the body. The mind–body problem is a paradigm issue in philosophy of mind, although other issues are addressed, such as the hard problem of consciousness, and the nature of particular mental states. Aspects of the mind that are studied include mental events, mental functions, mental properties, consciousness, the ontology of the mind, the nature of thought, and the relationship of the mind to the body.
Dualism and monism are the two central schools of thought on the mind–body problem, although nuanced views have arisen that do not fit one or the other category neatly. Dualism finds its entry into Western philosophy thanks to René Descartes in the 17th century. Substance dualists like Descartes argue that the mind is an independently existing substance, whereas property dualists maintain that the mind is a group of independent properties that emerge from and cannot be reduced to the brain, but that it is not a distinct substance.Monism is the position that mind and body are not ontologically distinct entities (independent substances). This view was first advocated in Western philosophy by Parmenides in the 5th century BCE and was later espoused by the 17th century rationalist Baruch Spinoza. Physicalists argue that only entities postulated by physical theory exist, and that mental processes will eventually be explained in terms of these entities as physical theory continues to evolve. Physicalists maintain various positions on the prospects of reducing mental properties to physical properties (many of whom adopt compatible forms of property dualism), and the ontological status of such mental properties remains unclear. Idealists maintain that the mind is all that exists and that the external world is either mental itself, or an illusion created by the mind. Neutral monists such as Ernst Mach and William James argue that events in the world can be thought of as either mental (psychological) or physical depending on the network of relationships into which they enter, and dual-aspect monists such as Spinoza adhere to the position that there is some other, neutral substance, and that both matter and mind are properties of this unknown substance. The most common monisms in the 20th and 21st centuries have all been variations of physicalism; these positions include behaviorism, the type identity theory, anomalous monism and functionalism.Most modern philosophers of mind adopt either a reductive ph ...