Lombards | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2018-12-15

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Lombards


00:02:17 1 History
00:02:26 1.1 Early history
00:02:34 1.1.1 Legendary origins and name
00:07:45 1.1.2 Archaeology and migrations
00:14:55 1.2 Kingdom in Italy, 568–774
00:15:08 1.2.1 Invasion and conquest of the Italian peninsula
00:18:44 1.2.1.1 Langobardia major
00:18:52 1.2.1.2 Langobardia minor
00:19:08 1.2.2 Arian monarchy
00:22:30 1.2.3 Catholic monarchy
00:24:54 1.3 Later history
00:25:02 1.3.1 Duchy of Benevento, 774–849
00:27:32 1.3.2 Southern Italy and the Arabs, 836–915
00:29:37 1.3.3 Lombard principalities in the 10th century
00:31:33 1.3.4 Norman conquest, 1017–1078
00:33:21 2 Culture
00:33:29 2.1 Language
00:36:12 2.2 Social structure
00:36:21 2.2.1 Migration Period society
00:37:55 2.2.2 Society of the Catholic kingdom
00:40:53 2.2.3 Lombard states
00:41:26 2.3 Religious history
00:41:34 2.3.1 Paganism
00:42:49 2.3.2 Christianisation
00:44:33 2.3.3 Beneventan Christianity
00:46:15 2.4 Art
00:47:03 2.4.1 Architecture
00:48:57 3 List of rulers



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SUMMARY
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The Lombards () or Longobards (Latin: Langobardi; Italian: Longobardi [loŋɡoˈbardi]; Lombard: Longobard (Western)) were a Germanic people who ruled most of the Italian Peninsula from 568 to 774.
The Lombard historian Paul the Deacon wrote in the Historia Langobardorum that the Lombards descended from a small tribe called the Winnili, who dwelt in southern Scandinavia (Scadanan) before migrating to seek new lands. In the 1st century AD, they formed part of the Suebi, in northwestern Germany. By the end of the 5th century, they had moved into the area roughly coinciding with modern Austria and Slovakia north of the Danube river, where they subdued the Heruls and later fought frequent wars with the Gepids. The Lombard king Audoin defeated the Gepid leader Thurisind in 551 or 552; his successor Alboin eventually destroyed the Gepids in 567.
Following this victory, Alboin decided to lead his people to Italy, which had become severely depopulated and devastated after the long Gothic War (535–554) between the Byzantine Empire and the Ostrogothic Kingdom there. The Lombards were joined by numerous Saxons, Heruls, Gepids, Bulgars, Thuringians, and Ostrogoths, and their invasion of Italy was almost unopposed. By late 569 they had conquered all of northern Italy and the principal cities north of the Po River except Pavia, which fell in 572. At the same time, they occupied areas in central Italy and southern Italy. They established a Lombard Kingdom in north and central Italy, later named Regnum Italicum ("Kingdom of Italy"), which reached its zenith under the 8th-century ruler Liutprand. In 774, the Kingdom was conquered by the Frankish King Charlemagne and integrated into his Empire. However, Lombard nobles continued to rule southern parts of the Italian peninsula, well into the 11th century when they were conquered by the Normans and added to their County of Sicily. In this period, the southern part of Italy still under Longobardic domination was known by the name Langbarðaland (Land of the Lombards) in the Norse runestones. Their legacy is also apparent in the regional name Lombardy (in the north of Italy).