Nuclear fuel cycle | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 04/10/2019

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_fuel_cycle


00:00:34 1 Basic concepts
00:03:34 2 Front end
00:03:43 2.1 Exploration
00:05:16 2.2 Mining
00:06:28 2.3 Milling
00:06:58 2.4 Uranium conversion
00:08:09 2.5 Enrichment
00:09:35 2.6 Fabrication
00:10:52 3 Service period
00:11:01 3.1 Transport of radioactive materials
00:12:55 3.2 In-core fuel management
00:14:45 3.2.1 The study of used fuel
00:17:42 3.2.2 Fuel cladding interactions
00:19:09 3.2.3 Normal and abnormal conditions
00:23:45 3.2.4 Release of radioactivity from fuel during normal use and accidents
00:25:02 3.2.4.1 Releases from reprocessing under normal conditions
00:26:25 3.3 On-load reactors
00:27:19 3.4 Interim storage
00:28:15 3.5 Transportation
00:28:23 3.6 Reprocessing
00:29:55 3.7 Partitioning and transmutation
00:30:33 3.8 Waste disposal
00:32:07 4 Fuel cycles
00:32:43 4.1 Once-through nuclear fuel cycle
00:33:25 4.2 Plutonium cycle
00:34:49 4.3 Minor actinides recycling
00:37:13 4.3.1 Fuel or targets for this actinide transmutation
00:39:02 4.3.1.1 Actinides in an inert matrix
00:39:19 4.3.1.2 Actinides in a thorium matrix
00:39:45 4.3.1.3 Actinides in a uranium matrix
00:40:26 4.3.1.4 Mixed matrix
00:41:01 4.4 Thorium cycle
00:44:38 4.5 Current industrial activity



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SUMMARY
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The nuclear fuel cycle, also called nuclear fuel chain, is the progression of nuclear fuel through a series of differing stages. It consists of steps in the front end, which are the preparation of the fuel, steps in the service period in which the fuel is used during reactor operation, and steps in the back end, which are necessary to safely manage, contain, and either reprocess or dispose of spent nuclear fuel. If spent fuel is not reprocessed, the fuel cycle is referred to as an open fuel cycle (or a once-through fuel cycle); if the spent fuel is reprocessed, it is referred to as a closed fuel cycle.