Carbon star | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-10-04

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_star


00:01:08 1 Spectra
00:02:30 1.1 Secchi
00:02:55 1.2 Harvard
00:03:28 1.3 Morgan–Keenan C system
00:04:30 1.4 The Revised Morgan–Keenan system
00:05:34 2 Astrophysical mechanisms
00:09:21 3 Other characteristics
00:09:39 3.1 Observing carbon stars
00:10:09 3.2 Generation of interstellar dust
00:10:55 4 Other classifications
00:11:55 5 See also



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SUMMARY
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A carbon star is typically an asymptotic giant branch star, a luminous red giant, whose atmosphere contains more carbon than oxygen. The two elements combine in the upper layers of the star, forming carbon monoxide, which consumes all the oxygen in the atmosphere, leaving carbon atoms free to form other carbon compounds, giving the star a "sooty" atmosphere and a strikingly ruby red appearance. There are also some dwarf and supergiant carbon stars, with the more common giant stars sometimes being called classical carbon stars to distinguish them.
In most stars (such as the Sun), the atmosphere is richer in oxygen than carbon. Ordinary stars not exhibiting the characteristics of carbon stars but cool enough to form carbon monoxide are therefore called oxygen-rich stars.
Carbon stars have quite distinctive spectral characteristics, and they were first recognized by their spectra by Angelo Secchi in the 1860s, a pioneering time in astronomical spectroscopy.