【Old Chinese / 上古漢語】Republic of China/Taiwan national anthem sung in Old Chinese / 中華民國國歌
Channel: Kat Mistberg 霧山豸砂
Date: 10/10/2022

Lyrics / 歌詞:
Traditional characters / 正體漢字
Old Chinese reconstruction (Baxter–Sagart) / 上古漢語擬音（Baxter–Sagart）
Attempted Old Chinese pronunciation (IPA) / 試唱 ê 上古漢語發音（國際音標）
Standard Mandarin pronunciation (IPA) / 華語發音（國際音標）

三民主義，吾黨所宗；
/*s.rum mi[ŋ] toʔ ŋ(r)aj-s    ŋˤa tˤaŋʔ s-qʰ‹r›aʔ [ts]ˤuŋ/
[*sɾum miŋ toʔ ŋajs    ŋˤa tˤaŋʔ sqʰɾaʔ tsˤuŋ]
[san˦ min˧˨˧ t͡ʂu˧˩ i˥˨    u˧˨˧ taŋ˧˩ swo˧˩ t͡soŋ˦]

以建民國，以進大同。
/*ləʔ [k]a[n]-s mi[ŋ] [C.q]ʷˤək    ləʔ [ts][i][n]-s lˤat-s lˤoŋ/
[*lɯʔ kans miŋ qʷˤɯk̚    lɯʔ tsins lˤats lˤoŋ]
[i˧˩ t͡ɕjɛn˥˨ min˧˨˧ kwo˧˨˧    i˧˩ t͡ɕin˥˨ ta˥˨ tʰoŋ˧˨˧]

咨爾多士，為民前鋒；
/*[ts]ij n[ə][r]ʔ [t.l]ˤaj [m-s-]rəʔ    ɢʷ(r)aj-s mi[ŋ] [dz]ˤen pʰ(r)oŋ/
[*tsij nɯɾʔ tlˤaj msɾɯʔ    ɢʷajs miŋ dzˤen pʰoŋ]
[t͡sz̩˦ ɚ˧˩ two˦ ʂʐ˥˨    wei̯˥˨ min˧˨˧ t͡ɕʰjɛn˧˨˧ foŋ˦]

夙夜匪懈，主義是從。
/*[s]uk [ɢ]Ak-s pəjʔ N-kˤreʔ    toʔ ŋ(r)aj-s [d]eʔ [dz]oŋ/
[*suk̚ ɢaks pɯjʔ ŋ̩kˤɾeʔ    toʔ ŋajs deʔ dzoŋ]
[su˥˨ je˥˨ fei̯˧˩ ɕje˥˨    t͡ʂu˧˩ i˥˨ ʂʐ̩˥˨ t͡sʰoŋ˧˨˧]

矢勤矢勇，必信必忠；
/*l̥i[j]ʔ [g]ər l̥i[j]ʔ loŋʔ    pi[t] s-ni[ŋ]-s pi[t] truŋ/
[*l̥ijʔ gɯɾ l̥ijʔ loŋʔ    pit̚ sniŋs pit̚ tɾuŋ]
[ʂʐ˧˩ t͡ɕʰin˧˨˧ ʂʐ˧˩ joŋ˧˩    pi˥˨ ɕin˥˨ pi˥˨ t͡ʂoŋ˦]

一心一德，貫徹始終。
/*ʔi[t] səm ʔi[t] tˤək    kˤon-s tʰret l̥əʔ tuŋ/
[*ʔit̚ sɯm ʔit̚ tˤɯk̚    kˤons tʰɾet̚ l̥ɯʔ tuŋ]
[i˥˨ ɕin˦ i˥˨ tə˧˨˧    kwan˥˨ t͡ʂʰə˥˨ ʂʐ˧˩ t͡ʂoŋ˦]

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What is "Old Chinese"? / 「上古漢語」是啥？:
"Old Chinese" is a broad term encompassing many historical varieties of "Chinese": the Chinese languages spoken before the Qin dynasty (before 221 BCE), the ancestor of all modern Chinese (Sinitic) languages (including the Min languages), and the language of the earliest Chinese classical texts, which Classical/LIterary Chinese developed from. (Baxter and Sagart, 2014) There have been attempts at reconstructing the phonology of Old Chinese (what sounds there were in the language and how they evolved), the most recent one being Baxter and Sagart's 2014 book "Old Chinese: A New Reconstruction".
「上古漢語」chit-个詞有覆蓋 chok chē 種古早 ê 漢語：秦朝以前（西元 221 年以前）ê 漢語、現代漢語族 ê 語言 ê 祖先 mā koh 有上早 ê 漢語文獻（文言文、漢文 toh 是 ùi chia 來--ê）ê 語言。（Baxter kap Sagart，2014）儂有 leh 試 leh 重建上古漢語 ê 音系（chit-个語言有啥物音素），á 上蓋新--ê 是 Baxter kap Sagart 2014 年出版 ê 冊「Old Chinese: A New Reconstruction」。

So this is what Chinese sounded like 2000 something years ago? / 所以 2000 jōa 年前 ê 漢語聽--起來 toh 是 án-ne？
Not exactly. 1) Old Chinese is old enough that we can't be sure of the details of its phonology, and 2) knowing its phonology (what distinctions between sounds people made) doesn't mean we know its pronunciation (how exactly the different sounds are pronounced). My attempted pronunciation is merely a possible rendition of how Old Chinese could have been pronounced.
Eⁿ… 毋是。因為一、已經 siuⁿ 久 ah，咱無法度完全知影上古漢語音系 ê 細節 á koh 有二、知影音系（一个語言內底啥物聲音是無仝--ê）無代表知影發音（每一个音素是 ài án-chóaⁿ 發音）。我試唱 ê 發音是上古漢語一个可能 ê 發音 niâ。

Why did /*ə/ become [*ɯ]? / /*ə/ nà ē 變做 [*ɯ]？:
According to Baxter and Sagart (2014) page 194, /*ə/ is the same as /*ɨ/ of Baxter (1992) and Sagart (1999c), and in Baxter (1992) page 181, /*ɨ/ is [+ high], [+ back], [- round], and [- low], which I render as [*ɯ].
根據 Baxter kap Sagart (2014) 第 194 頁 /*ə/ kap Baxter (1992) kap Sagart (1999c) ê /*ɨ/ 仝款，á 根據 Baxter (1992) 第 181 頁 /*ɨ/ 是 [+ high]、[+ back]、[- round]、[- low]，等於大概是 [*ɯ]。

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Sources / 來源:
- Flag / 國旗:
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg

- Small Seal script / 小篆:
https://hanziyuan.net (main / 主要--ê)
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Commons:Ancient_Chinese_characters_project (為, 夙)

- Old Chinese reconstruction (Baxter–Sagart) / 上古漢語擬音（Baxter–Sagart）:
https://ocbaxtersagart.lsait.lsa.umich.edu/

- Standard Mandarin pronunciation (IPA) / 華語發音（國際音標）:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_Chinese_phonology
Using a general Taiwanese accent ([-oŋ] for ㄥ, ㄨㄥ, and ㄩㄥ rimes, and Taipei-style tone contours)
用臺灣式發音（ㄥ、ㄨㄥ、ㄩㄥ發 [-oŋ] kap 臺北式聲調）

- Instrumental / 管弦樂:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Oz2fo3RdbOk

- Vocals / 歌唱: me

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License / 授權:
This video © 2022 by Kat Mistberg 霧山豸砂 is licensed under CC BY 4.0:
此影片 © 2022 Kat Mistberg 霧山豸砂 採用創用 CC BY 4.0（姓名標示 4.0 國際）授權條款：
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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Links / 鏈仔:

Twitter: @KatMistberg
https://www.twitter.com/KatMistberg