Matter | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 08/12/2018

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Matter


00:02:13 1 Comparison with mass
00:04:01 2 Definition
00:04:10 2.1 Based on atoms
00:04:55 2.2 Based on protons, neutrons and electrons
00:06:01 2.3 Based on quarks and leptons
00:10:22 2.4 Based on elementary fermions (mass, volume, and space)
00:11:58 2.5 In general relativity and cosmology
00:12:51 3 Structure
00:13:19 3.1 Quarks
00:13:59 3.1.1 Baryonic matter
00:15:30 3.1.2 Hadronic matter
00:15:58 3.1.3 Degenerate matter
00:17:01 3.1.4 Strange matter
00:17:47 3.1.4.1 Two meanings of the term "strange matter"
00:18:55 3.2 Leptons
00:19:31 4 Phases
00:20:59 5 Antimatter
00:23:54 6 Conservation of matter
00:25:54 7 Other types
00:26:20 7.1 Dark matter
00:27:13 7.2 Dark energy
00:28:05 7.3 Exotic matter
00:28:32 8 Historical development
00:28:41 8.1 Antiquity (c. 610 BC–c. 322 BC)
00:31:56 8.2 Seventeenth and eighteenth centuries
00:35:50 8.3 Nineteenth and twentieth centuries
00:41:40 9 Summary



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- Socrates



SUMMARY
=======
In the classical physics and in the chemistry of things of everyday life, matter is any substance that has mass and takes up space by having volume. All everyday objects that we can touch are ultimately composed of atoms, which are made up of interacting subatomic particles, and in everyday as well as scientific usage, "matter" generally includes atoms and anything made up of them, and any particles (or combination of particles) that act as if they have both rest mass and volume. However it does not include massless particles such as photons, or other energy phenomena or waves such as light or sound.  Matter exists in various states (also known as phases). These include classical everyday phases such as solid, liquid, and gas – for example water exists as ice, liquid water, and gaseous steam – but other states are possible, including plasma, Bose–Einstein condensates, fermionic condensates, and quark–gluon plasma.Usually atoms can be imagined as a nucleus of protons and neutrons, and a surrounding "cloud" of orbiting electrons which "take up space".  However this is only somewhat correct, because subatomic particles and their properties are governed by their quantum nature, which means they do not act as everyday objects appear to act – they can act like waves as well as particles and they do not have well-defined sizes or positions. In the Standard Model of particle physics, matter is not a fundamental concept because the elementary constituents of atoms are quantum entities which do not have an inherent "size" or "volume" in any everyday sense of the word. Due to the exclusion principle and other fundamental interactions, some "point particles" known as fermions (quarks, leptons), and many composites and atoms, are effectively forced to keep a distance from other particles under everyday conditions; this creates the property of matter which appears to us as matter taking up space.
For much of the history of the natural sciences people have contemplated the exact nature of matter. The idea that matter was built of discrete building blocks, the so-called particulate theory of matter, was first put forward by the Greek philosophers Leucippus (~490 BC) and Democritus (~470–380 BC).