Rigveda | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-01-09

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rigveda


00:01:58 1 Text
00:02:06 1.1 Organization
00:02:15 1.1.1 Mandalas
00:04:17 1.1.2 Prosody
00:05:51 1.2 Composers
00:06:30 1.3 Transmission
00:09:00 1.4 Recensions
00:11:16 1.5 Manuscripts
00:12:12 1.5.1 Versions
00:13:51 1.5.2 Comparison
00:16:03 2 Contents
00:17:11 2.1 Hymns
00:21:19 2.2 Rigveda Brahmanas
00:23:54 2.3 Rigveda Aranyakas and Upanishads
00:25:23 3 Dating and historical context
00:30:05 4 Reception in Hinduism
00:30:15 4.1 Shruti
00:31:09 4.2 Medieval Hindu scholarship
00:32:57 4.3 Arya Samaj and Aurobindo movements
00:33:53 4.4 Contemporary Hinduism
00:35:19 5 Monism debate
00:37:43 6 Translations
00:39:15 7 See also



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SUMMARY
=======
The Rigveda (Sanskrit: ऋग्वेद ṛgveda, from ṛc "praise" and veda "knowledge") is an ancient Indian collection of Vedic Sanskrit hymns along with associated commentaries on liturgy, ritual and mystical exegesis. It is one of the four sacred  canonical texts (śruti) of Hinduism known as the Vedas.The core text, known as the Rigveda Samhita, is a collection of 1,028 hymns (sūktas) in about 10,600 verses (called ṛc, eponymous of the name Rigveda), organized into ten books (maṇḍalas).
In the eight books that were composed the earliest, the hymns are mostly  praise of specific  deities.  The younger books (books 1 and 10) in part also deal with philosophical or speculative questions, with the virtue of dāna (charity) in society and with other metaphysical issues in their hymns.The oldest layers of the Rigveda Samhita are among the oldest extant texts in any Indo-European language, perhaps of similar age as certain Hittite texts. Philological and  linguistic evidence indicates that the bulk of the Rigveda Samhita was composed in the northwestern region of the Indian subcontinent, most likely between c. 1500 and 1200 BC, although a wider approximation of c. 1700–1100 BC has also been given. The initial codification of the Rigveda took place during the early Kuru kingdom (c. 1200–900 BC).
Some of its verses continue to be recited during Hindu rites of passage celebrations (such as weddings) and prayers, making it probably the world's oldest religious text in continued use.The associated material has been preserved from two shakhas or "schools", known as Śākalya
and Bāṣkala. The school-specific commentaries are known as Brahmanas (Aitareya-brahmana and Kaushitaki-brahmana) Aranyakas (Aitareya-aranyaka and Kaushitaki-aranyaka), 
and Upanishads (partly excerpted from the Aranyakas: Bahvrca-brahmana-upanishad, Aitareya-upanishad, Samhita-upanishad, Kaushitaki-upanishad).