Belief | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-01-08

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belief


00:01:41 1 Knowledge and epistemology
00:03:53 2 As a psychological phenomenon
00:09:50 3 Epistemological belief compared to religious belief
00:10:12 3.1 Belief-in
00:11:37 3.2 Belief-that
00:11:45 3.2.1 Economical belief
00:12:21 3.2.2 Delusion
00:13:43 4 Formation
00:14:03 4.1 The conditional inference process
00:14:56 4.2 Linear models of belief formation
00:15:30 4.3 Information processing models of belief formation and change
00:18:11 5 Justified true belief
00:20:30 6 Modification
00:22:43 7 Partial
00:23:26 8 Prediction
00:24:35 9 Religion
00:25:34 9.1 Forms of religious belief
00:26:13 9.1.1 Fundamentalism
00:27:11 9.1.2 Orthodoxy
00:28:20 9.1.3 Modernism/reform
00:29:19 9.1.4 Systemization
00:31:31 9.1.5 Universalism
00:33:28 9.2 Approaches to the beliefs of others
00:33:57 9.2.1 Exclusivism
00:35:43 9.2.2 Inclusivism
00:36:42 9.2.3 Pluralism
00:37:53 9.2.4 Syncretism
00:38:21 9.3 Adherence
00:41:45 9.4 Apostasy
00:44:56 10 Systems
00:45:32 10.1 Gilbert, sociological perspectives
00:46:46 10.2 Glover
00:50:04 10.3 Law
00:50:41 11 See also
00:50:50 12 Notes
00:50:59 13 Further reading
00:52:30 14 External links



Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.

Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain

Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.

Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:
https://assistant.google.com/services/invoke/uid/0000001a130b3f91
Other Wikipedia audio articles at:
https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=wikipedia+tts
Upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
https://github.com/nodef/wikipedia-tts
Speaking Rate: 0.756341164270827
Voice name: en-AU-Wavenet-C


"I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think."
- Socrates


SUMMARY
=======
Belief is the state of mind in which a person thinks something to be the case regardless of empirical evidence to prove that something is the case with factual certainty. Another way of defining belief sees it as a mental representation of an attitude positively oriented towards the likelihood of something being true. In the context of Ancient Greek thought, two related concepts were identified with regards to the concept of belief: pistis and doxa. Simplified, we may say that pistis refers to "trust" and "confidence", while doxa refers to "opinion" and "acceptance".  The English word "orthodoxy" derives from doxa.  Jonathan Leicester suggests that belief has the purpose of guiding action rather than indicating truth.In epistemology, philosophers use the term "belief" to refer to personal attitudes
associated with true or false ideas and concepts. However, "belief" does not require active introspection and circumspection. For example, we never ponder whether or not the sun will rise. We simply assume the sun will rise. Since "belief" is an important aspect of mundane life, according to Eric Schwitzgebel in the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, a related question asks: "how a physical organism can have beliefs?"