Work–life balance | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 04/10/2019

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Work%E2%80%93life_balance


00:03:48 1 Identity through work
00:05:23 2 Causes of work–life imbalance
00:08:30 3 Role of gender and family
00:11:23 4 Changes in perceived gender roles
00:13:28 5 Consequences of work–life imbalance
00:13:39 5.1 Stress
00:20:20 6 Role of technology
00:23:02 6.1 Working from home
00:24:25 7 Improving work–life balance
00:24:35 7.1 Responsibility of the employer
00:31:16 7.2 Corporate social responsibility
00:33:40 7.3 Maternity leave
00:38:09 8 Diversity
00:38:18 8.1 Sexual orientation
00:40:13 8.2 Religion
00:41:47 9 Global comparisons
00:41:56 9.1 United States
00:45:43 9.2 European Union
00:48:22 10 See also



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SUMMARY
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Work–life balance is the lack of opposition between work and other life roles. It is the state of equilibrium in which demands of personal life, professional life, and family life are equal. Work–life balance consists of, but it is not limited to, flexible work arrangements that allow employees to carry out other life programs and practices. The term 'work–life balance' is recent in origin, as it was first used in UK and US in the late 1970s and 1980s, respectively. Work–life balance is a term commonly used to describe the balance that a working individual needs between time allocated for work and other aspects of life. Areas of life other than work–life can include personal interests, family and social or leisure activities. Technological advances have made it possible for work tasks to be accomplished faster due to the use of smartphones, email, video-chat, and other technological software. These technology advances facilitate individuals to work without having a typical '9 to 5' work day.
The United States current lack of paid parental leave negates work-life balance for many American citizens. New parents fear that asking for paid time off to bond with their new families will lead to negative consequences professionally. If an employee seeks paid leave of absence for significant amounts of time, they could receive less training, lose out on promotions or may not become a candidate for hiring altogether (Ruhm, C., 2011). Support of paid parental leave by the US government, according to Heymann et al. (2017), reducing the chances of negative mental health outcomes, such as postpartum depression and indicate a “long term attachment to the labor force” (p. 5).
Those not currently in the predicament of deciding what level of absence they will require from employment responsibilities may feel singled out and expected to assume additional/unfair workloads, thereby attributing to unsatisfactory work-life balance (Richardson, D., et al., 2019).  In theory, this outcome could lead to interpersonal conflicts between personnel in the latter term when the new parent resumes work.  Not to mention, as pointed out by Adema et al. (2016), this could lead employers to intentionally or unintentionally discriminate against hiring women of child rearing age with motherhood being the determining factor.
Studies from the London Hazards Centre indicate that work today is more intense than it was a decade ago creating the need for a balance between work and life. Experiencing being over-worked, long working hours, and an extreme work environment has proven to affect the overall physical and psychological health of employees and deteriorate family-life. Britain's government recognized this reality and started making an effort to balance the work and home life of its employees by providing alternatives such as being able to use portable electronic equipment to do their jobs from a virtual office, or to work from their actual homes.
According to 2010 National Health Interview Survey Occupational Health Supplement data, 16% of U.S. workers reported difficul ...