Population groups in biomedicine | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 05/05/2019

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Race_and_health


00:02:29 1 Racial health disparities
00:04:38 2 Defining race
00:10:24 3 Race and disease
00:13:22 3.1 Single-gene disorders
00:15:39 3.2 Multifactorial polygenic diseases
00:17:12 3.3 Disease progression
00:17:56 3.4 Prevention
00:20:32 3.5 Race-based treatment
00:25:07 4 Environmental factors
00:28:47 5 Genetic factors
00:31:52 5.1 Evolutionary factors
00:34:59 5.2 Gene flow
00:35:48 5.3 Gene interactions
00:36:59 6 Theoretical approaches in addressing health and race disparities
00:39:42 6.1 Biocultural approach
00:42:49 6.2 Bio social inheritance model
00:43:36 7 Controversy
00:49:50 7.1 From concepts of race to ethnogenetic layering
00:52:14 8 Association studies
00:54:10 9 Human genome projects
00:54:32 10 Sources of racial disparities in care
00:55:08 10.1 Patient-level variables
00:56:10 10.2 Health system-level factors
00:57:08 10.3 Care process-level variables
00:57:52 11 See also



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SUMMARY
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Race and health refers to how being identified with a specific race influences health. Race is a complex concept that changes across time and space and that depends on both self-identification and social recognition. In the study of race and health, scientists organize people in racial categories depending on different factors such as: phenotype, ancestry, social identity, genetic makeup and lived experience. “Race” and ethnicity often remain undifferentiated in health research.Differences in health status, health outcomes, life expectancy, and many other indicators of health in different racial and ethnic groups are well documented. Some individuals in certain racial groups receive less care, have less access to resources, and live shorter lives in general. Epidemiological data indicates that racial groups are unequally affected by diseases, in terms or morbidity and mortality. These health differences between racial groups create racial health disparities.Health disparities are defined as “preventable differences in the burden of disease, injury, violence, or opportunities to achieve optimal health that are experienced by socially disadvantaged populations”. Health disparities are intrinsically related to the “historical and current unequal distribution of social, political, economic and environmental resources".Social, political, economic, environmental, cultural and biological factors constitute determinants of health.  The relation between race and health has been studied from a multidisciplinary perspective, paying attention to how racism influence health disparities and how environmental factors and physiological factors respond to each other and to genetics.