Sexual violence | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 03/12/2018

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Sexual violence


00:02:39 1 Definitions
00:02:48 1.1 General
00:06:57 1.2 Conflict-related and domestic sexual violence
00:08:03 2 Victims
00:08:12 2.1 Spectrum
00:09:15 2.2 Domestic sexual violence
00:10:08 2.3 Women
00:12:19 2.4 Men
00:14:35 2.5 Children
00:15:35 3 Causes and factors
00:15:44 3.1 Explanations
00:16:35 3.2 Risk factors
00:18:09 3.3 Perpetrators
00:19:44 4 Consequences
00:22:03 5 Treatment
00:22:58 6 Prevention
00:24:50 7 Statistics
00:26:45 8 Culture
00:28:21 9 Feminism and sexual violence
00:30:56 10 International legal framework
00:34:18 11 History
00:34:27 11.1 General
00:35:25 11.2 Middle Ages
00:36:55 11.3 Codification of laws of war on gender-related crimes
00:39:00 12 See also
00:39:41 13 Further reading



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SUMMARY
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Sexual violence is any sexual act or attempt to obtain a sexual act by violence or coercion, acts to traffic a person or acts directed against a person's sexuality, regardless of the relationship to the victim.  It occurs in times of peace and armed conflict situations, is widespread and is considered to be one of the most traumatic, pervasive, and most common human rights violations.Sexual violence is a serious public health problem and has a profound short or long-term impact on physical and mental health, such as an increased risk of sexual and reproductive health problems, an increased risk of suicide or HIV infection. Murder occurring either during a sexual assault or as a result of an honor killing in response to a sexual assault is also a factor of sexual violence. Though women and girls suffer disproportionately from these aspects, sexual violence can occur to anybody at any age; it is an act of violence that can be perpetrated by parents, caregivers, acquaintances and strangers, as well as intimate partners. It is rarely a crime of passion, and is rather an aggressive act that frequently aims to express power and dominance over the victim.
Sexual violence remains highly stigmatized in all settings, thus levels of disclosure of the assault vary between regions. In general, it is a widely underreported phenomenon, thus available data tend to underestimate the true scale of the problem. In addition, sexual violence is also a neglected area of research, thus deeper understanding of the issue is imperative in order to promote a coordinated movement against it. Domestic sexual violence is distinguished from conflict-related sexual violence. Often, people who coerce their spouses into sexual acts believe their actions are legitimate because they are married. In times of conflict, sexual violence tends to be an inevitable repercussion of warfare trapped in an ongoing cycle of impunity. Rape of women and of men is often used as a method of warfare (war rape), as a form of attack on the enemy, typifying the conquest and degradation of its women or men or captured male or female fighters. Even if strongly prohibited by IHRL, Customary law and IHL, enforcement mechanisms are still fragile or even non-existent in many corners of the world.From a historical perspective, sexual violence was considered as only happening to women and as being commonplace and "normal" during both war and peace times from the Ancient Greeks to the 20th century. This led to the negligence of any indications of what the methods, aims and magnitude of such violence was. It took until the end of the 20th century for sexual violence to no longer be considered a minor issue and to gradually become criminalized.