Attribution of recent climate change | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 17/06/2019

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attribution_of_recent_climate_change


00:02:37 1 Background
00:04:57 2 Detection vs. attribution
00:06:32 3 Key attributions
00:06:43 3.1 Greenhouse gases
00:09:07 3.1.1 Water vapor
00:09:55 3.2 Land use
00:10:58 3.2.1 Livestock and land use
00:12:03 3.3 Aerosols
00:12:56 4 Attribution of 20th century climate change
00:17:13 4.1 Details on attribution
00:20:11 4.1.1 "Fingerprint" studies
00:26:56 4.1.2 Extreme weather events
00:29:58 5 Scientific literature and opinion
00:31:21 5.1 Detection and attribution studies
00:36:06 5.2 Reviews of scientific opinion
00:38:26 6 Solar activity
00:42:29 7 Non-consensus views
00:46:09 7.1 Effect of cosmic rays
00:47:03 7.1.1 Consensus view on cosmic rays
00:50:46 8 See also



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SUMMARY
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Attribution of recent climate change is the effort to scientifically ascertain mechanisms responsible for recent global warming and related climate changes on Earth. The effort has focused on changes observed during the period of instrumental temperature record, particularly in the last 50 years. This is the period when human activity has grown fastest and observations of the atmosphere above the surface have become available. According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), it is "extremely likely" that human influence was the dominant cause of global warming between 1951 and 2010. The best estimate is that observed warming since 1951 has been entirely human caused.Some of the main human activities that contribute to global warming are:
increasing atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases, for a warming effect
global changes to land surface, such as deforestation, for a warming effect
increasing atmospheric concentrations of aerosols, mainly for a cooling effectIn addition to human activities, some natural mechanisms can also cause climate change, including for example, climate oscillations, changes in solar activity, and volcanic activity.
Multiple lines of evidence support attribution of recent climate change to human activities:
A basic physical understanding of the climate system: greenhouse gas concentrations have increased and their warming properties are well-established.
Historical estimates of past climate changes suggest that the recent changes in global surface temperature are unusual.
Computer-based climate models are unable to replicate the observed warming unless human greenhouse gas emissions are included.
Natural forces alone (such as solar and volcanic activity) cannot explain the observed warming.The IPCC's attribution of recent global warming to human activities is a view shared by the scientific community, and is also supported by 196 other scientific organizations worldwide (see also: scientific opinion on climate change).