Biochemical switches in the cell cycle | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 06/06/2019

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biochemical_switches_in_the_cell_cycle


00:01:28 1 Feedback loops
00:03:04 2 Combination of positive and negative feedback loops
00:04:31 3 Ultrasensitivity
00:05:02 4 Bistability
00:06:37 5 The G1/S switch
00:09:00 6 The G2/M switch
00:13:47 7 Metaphase-anaphase switch
00:28:14 8 Mitotic exit
00:31:53 8.1 Proteolytic degradation
00:33:04 8.2 Sic1 levels
00:36:45 8.3 Dynamical systems approach
00:38:50 8.4 Systems-level feedback
00:41:39 8.5 Implications
00:44:17 9 Relevant information
00:46:17 10 References



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SUMMARY
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A series of biochemical switches control transitions between and within the various phases of the cell cycle. The cell cycle is a series of complex, ordered, sequential events that control how a single cell divides into two cells, and involves several different phases. The phases include the G1 and G2 phases, DNA replication or S phase, and the actual process of cell division, mitosis or M phase. During the M phase, the chromosomes separate and cytokinesis occurs.
The switches maintain the orderly progression of the cell cycle and act as checkpoints to ensure that each phase has been properly completed before progression to the next phase. For example, Cdk, or cyclin dependent kinase, is a major control switch for the cell cycle and it allows the cell to move from G1 to S or G2 to M by adding phosphate to protein substrates. Such multi-component (involving multiple inter-linked proteins) switches have been shown to generate decisive, robust (and potentially irreversible) transitions and trigger stable oscillations. As a result, they are a subject of active research that tries to understand how such complex properties are wired into biological control systems.