Human flight | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-06-05

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_aviation


00:03:14 1 Primitive beginnings
00:03:24 1.1 Tower jumping
00:05:02 1.2 Kites
00:06:02 1.2.1 Man-carrying kites
00:06:48 1.3 Rotor wings
00:07:18 1.4 Hot air balloons
00:08:22 1.5 The Renaissance
00:09:51 2 Lighter than air
00:10:01 2.1 Beginnings of modern theories
00:11:34 2.2 Balloons
00:14:48 2.3 Airships
00:18:59 3 Heavier than air
00:19:08 3.1 The 17th and 18th centuries
00:22:02 3.2 The 19th century
00:23:07 3.2.1 Sir George Cayley and the first modern aircraft
00:27:07 3.2.2 The age of steam
00:34:26 3.2.3 Learning to glide
00:37:56 3.3 Langley
00:42:32 3.4 Whitehead
00:43:52 3.5 The Wright brothers
00:51:59 4 The Pioneer Era (1903–1914)
00:52:25 4.1 Pioneers in Europe
00:55:11 4.2 Flight as an established technology
00:57:56 4.3 Rotorcraft
00:58:46 4.4 Military use
01:00:35 5 World War I (1914–1918)
01:00:48 5.1 Combat schemes
01:02:34 6 Between the World Wars (1918–1939)
01:12:17 7 World War II (1939–1945)
01:14:49 8 The postwar era (1945–1979)
01:21:09 9 The digital age (1980–present)
01:22:48 10 21st century
01:25:29 11 See also



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SUMMARY
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The history of aviation extends for more than two thousand years, from the earliest forms of aviation such as kites and attempts at tower jumping to supersonic and hypersonic flight by powered, heavier-than-air jets.
Kite flying in China dates back to several hundred years BC and slowly spread around the world. It is thought to be the earliest example of man-made flight.
Leonardo da Vinci's 15th-century dream of flight found expression in several rational but unscientific designs, though he did not attempt to construct any of them.
The discovery of hydrogen gas in the 18th century led to the invention of the hydrogen balloon, at almost exactly the same time that the Montgolfier brothers rediscovered the hot-air balloon and began manned flights. Various theories in mechanics by physicists during the same period of time, notably fluid dynamics and Newton's laws of motion, led to the foundation of modern aerodynamics, most notably by Sir George Cayley.
Balloons, both free-flying and tethered, began to be used for military purposes from the end of the 18th century, with the French government establishing Balloon Companies during the Revolution.The term aviation, noun of action from stem of Latin avis "bird" with suffix -ation meaning action or progress, was coined in 1863 by French pioneer Guillaume Joseph Gabriel de La Landelle (1812–1886) in "Aviation ou Navigation aérienne sans ballons".Experiments with gliders provided the groundwork for heavier-than-air craft, and by the early-20th century, advances in engine technology and aerodynamics made controlled, powered flight possible for the first time. The modern aeroplane with its characteristic tail was established by 1909 and from then on the history of the aeroplane became tied to the development of more and more powerful engines.
The first great ships of the air were the rigid dirigible balloons pioneered by Ferdinand von Zeppelin, which soon became synonymous with airships and dominated long-distance flight until the 1930s, when large flying boats became popular. After World War II, the flying boats were in their turn replaced by land planes, and the new and immensely powerful jet engine revolutionised both air travel and military aviation.
In the latter part of the 20th century the advent of digital electronics produced great advances in flight instrumentation and "fly-by-wire" systems. The 21st century saw the large-scale use of pilotless drones for military, civilian and leisure use. With digital controls, inherently unstable aircraft such as flying wings became possible.