Bioplastics | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 16/01/2019

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioplastic


00:01:02 1 Applications
00:02:12 2 Types
00:02:21 2.1 Starch-based plastics
00:05:07 2.2 Cellulose-based plastics
00:06:02 2.3 Protein-based plastics
00:07:02 2.4 Some aliphatic polyesters
00:07:30 2.4.1 Polylactic acid (PLA)
00:08:33 2.4.2 Poly-3-hydroxybutyrate
00:09:29 2.5 Polyhydroxyalkanoates
00:10:24 2.6 Polyamide 11
00:11:56 2.7 Bio-derived polyethylene
00:12:50 2.8 Genetically modified bioplastics
00:13:39 2.9 Polyhydroxyurethanes
00:14:21 2.10 Lipid derived polymers
00:15:12 3 Environmental impact
00:19:25 3.1 Biodegradation of Bioplastics
00:21:39 4 Industry and markets
00:28:31 5 History and development of bioplastics
00:36:37 6 Testing procedures
00:36:46 6.1 Industrial compostability – EN 13432, ASTM D6400
00:38:22 6.2 Compostability – ASTM D6002
00:39:35 6.2.1 Withdrawal of ASTM D 6002
00:40:20 6.3 Biobased – ASTM D6866
00:42:21 6.4 Anaerobic biodegradability – ASTM D5511-02 and ASTM D5526



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SUMMARY
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Bioplastics are plastics derived from renewable biomass sources, such as vegetable fats and oils, corn starch, straw, woodchips, food waste, etc. Bioplastic can be made from agricultural by-products and also from used plastic bottles and other containers using microorganisms. Common plastics, such as fossil-fuel plastics (also called petrobased polymers) are derived from petroleum or natural gas.  Not all bioplastics are biodegradable nor biodegrade more readily than commodity fossil-fuel derived plastics. Bioplastics are usually derived from sugar derivatives, including starch, cellulose, and lactic acid.  As of 2014, bioplastics represented approximately 0.2% of the global polymer market (300 million tons).