Judaism | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2018-12-09

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Judaism


00:03:52 1 Defining characteristics and principles of faith
00:04:04 1.1 Defining characteristics
00:07:35 1.2 Core tenets
00:10:53 2 Jewish religious texts
00:12:26 2.1 Jewish legal literature
00:15:33 2.2 Jewish philosophy
00:16:30 2.3 Rabbinic hermeneutics
00:20:34 3 Jewish identity
00:20:43 3.1 Origin of the term "Judaism"
00:22:57 3.2 Distinction between Jews as a people and Judaism
00:24:43 3.3 Who is a Jew?
00:28:40 3.4 Jewish demographics
00:29:37 4 Jewish religious movements
00:29:47 4.1 Rabbinic Judaism
00:33:30 4.1.1 Sephardi and Mizrahi Judaism
00:34:39 4.1.2 Jewish movements in Israel
00:37:01 4.2 Karaites and Samaritans
00:38:01 4.3 Haymanot (Ethiopian Judaism)
00:38:50 5 Jewish observances
00:39:00 5.1 Jewish ethics
00:39:41 5.2 Prayers
00:41:51 5.3 Religious clothing
00:43:53 5.4 Jewish holidays
00:44:15 5.4.1 Shabbat
00:45:27 5.4.2 Three pilgrimage festivals
00:48:07 5.4.3 High Holy Days
00:49:55 5.4.4 Purim
00:50:44 5.4.5 Hanukkah
00:52:03 5.4.6 Fast days
00:52:38 5.4.7 Israeli holidays
00:53:10 5.5 Torah readings
00:53:34 5.6 Synagogues and religious buildings
00:54:55 5.7 Dietary laws: ikashrut/i
00:58:30 5.8 Laws of ritual purity
00:59:24 5.8.1 Family purity
01:00:54 5.9 Life-cycle events
01:02:38 6 Community leadership
01:02:48 6.1 Classical priesthood
01:04:05 6.2 Prayer leaders
01:07:49 6.3 Specialized religious roles
01:09:20 7 History
01:09:28 7.1 Origins
01:13:04 7.2 Antiquity
01:15:32 7.3 Historical Jewish groupings (to 1700)
01:17:39 7.4 Persecutions
01:18:32 7.5 Hasidism
01:20:38 7.6 The Enlightenment and new religious movements
01:22:48 7.7 Spectrum of observance
01:24:19 8 Judaism and other religions
01:24:29 8.1 Christianity and Judaism
01:29:05 8.2 Islam and Judaism
01:31:31 8.3 Syncretic movements incorporating Judaism
01:32:55 9 See also



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SUMMARY
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Judaism (originally from Hebrew יהודה‬, Yehudah, "Judah"; via Latin and Greek) is the religion of the Jewish people. It is an ancient, monotheistic, Abrahamic religion with the Torah as its foundational text. It encompasses the religion, philosophy, and culture of the Jewish people. Judaism is considered by religious Jews to be the expression of the covenant that God established with the Children of Israel. Judaism encompasses a wide corpus of texts, practices, theological positions, and forms of organization. The Torah is part of the larger text known as the Tanakh or the Hebrew Bible, and supplemental oral tradition represented by later texts such as the Midrash and the Talmud. With between 14.5 and 17.4 million adherents worldwide, Judaism is the tenth largest religion in the world.
Within Judaism there are a variety of movements, most of which emerged from Rabbinic Judaism, which holds that God revealed his laws and commandments to Moses on Mount Sinai in the form of both the Written and Oral Torah. Historically, this assertion was challenged by various groups such as the Sadducees and Hellenistic Judaism during the Second Temple period; the Karaites and Sabbateans during the early and later medieval period; and among segments of the modern non-Orthodox denominations. Modern branches of Judaism such as Humanistic Judaism may be nontheistic. Today, the largest Jewish religious movements are Orthodox Judaism (Haredi Judaism and Modern Orthodox Judaism), Conservative Judaism, and Reform Judaism. Major sources of difference between these groups are their approaches to Jewish law, the authority of the Rabbinic tradition, and the significance of the State of Israel. Orthodox Judaism maintains that the Torah and Jewish law are divine in origin, eternal and unalterable, and that they should be strictly followed. Conservative and Reform Judaism are more liberal, with Conservative Judaism generally promoting a more traditionalist interpretation of Judaism's requirements than Reform Judaism. A typical Reform position is that Jewish law should be viewed as a set of general guidelines rather than a ...