History of Tamil Nadu | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: Tamilcloud 9
Date: 14/01/2020

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Courtesy:https: wikipedia tts YouTube channel.//youtu.be/nVyvu3qOCXI

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article: History of Tamil Nadu 00:02:12 1 Pre-historic period 00:02:22 1.1 Palaeolithic 00:03:50 1.2 Neolithic 00:04:34 1.3 Iron Age 00:06:29 2 Early history 00:12:38 3 Interregnum (300–700) 00:15:57 4 Age of empires (600–1300) 00:18:40 4.1 Pallavas 00:21:00 4.2 Pandyas 00:22:58 4.3 Cholas 00:27:58 4.4 Cheras 00:31:25 4.5 Pandya revival 00:32:10 4.6 Delhi Sultanate 00:33:10 5 Martial Arts History of Tamil Nadu 00:34:13 6 Vijayanagar and Nayak period (1300–1650) 00:36:34 7 Maratha influence 00:37:21 8 Rule of Poligars, Nizams and Nawabs 00:39:59 9 European colonisation (1750–1858) 00:40:12 9.1 Anglo-French conflicts 00:42:16 9.2 British Government control 00:45:57 9.3 End of Company rule 00:46:30 10 British rule (1858-1947) 00:48:41 10.1 Independence struggle 00:51:03 11 Post Independence period 00:53:40 11.1 Evolution of regional politics 00:57:57 12 See also Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago. Learning by listening is a great way to: - increases imagination and understanding - improves your listening skills - improves your own spoken accent - learn while on the move - reduce eye strain Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone. You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through: https://github.com/nodef/wikipedia-tts "The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing." - Socrates SUMMARY ======= The region of Tamil Nadu or Tamilakam, in the southeast of modern India, shows evidence of having had continuous human habitation from 15,000 BCE to 10,000 BCE. Throughout its history, spanning the early Upper Paleolithic age to modern times, this region has coexisted with various external cultures. The three ancient Tamil dynasties namely Chera, Chola, and Pandya were of ancient origins. Together they ruled over this land with a unique culture and language, contributing to the growth of some of the oldest extant literature in the world. They had extensive maritime trade contacts with the Roman empire. These three dynasties were in constant struggle with each other vying for hegemony over the land. Invasion by the Kalabhras during the 3rd century disturbed the traditional order of the land, displacing the three ruling kingdoms. These occupiers were overthrown by the resurgence of the Pandyas and the Pallavas, who restored the traditional kingdoms. The Cholas, who re-emerged from obscurity in the 9th century by defeating the Pallavas and the Pandyas, rose to become a great power and extended their empire over the entire southern peninsula. At its height the Chola empire spanned almost 3,600,000 km² (1,389,968 sq mi) straddling the Bay of Bengal. The Chola navy held sway over the Sri Vijaya kingdom in Southeast Asia. Rapid changes in the political situation of the rest of India occurred due to incursions of Muslim armies from the northwest and the decline of the three ancient dynasties during the 14th century, the Tamil country became part of the Vijayanagara Empire. Under this empire, the Kannada speaking Nayak governors ruled before the European trading companies appeared during the 17th century eventually assuming greater sway over the indigenous rulers of the land. The Madras Presidency, comprising most of southern India, was created in the 18th century and was ruled directly by the British. After the independence of India, after the Telugu and Malayalam parts of Madras state were separated from tamilakam state in 1956, it was renamed as Tamil Nadu in 1969 by the state government.