Maritime industry | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2018-12-14

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Maritime industry


00:01:48 1 History
00:01:57 2 Merchant shipping
00:03:28 3 Professional mariners
00:03:46 3.1 Deck department
00:04:40 3.2 Engineering department
00:06:28 3.3 Steward's department
00:08:03 3.4 Other departments
00:09:06 3.5 Life at sea
00:14:27 4 Ships and watercraft
00:15:17 5 Liners and tramps
00:16:18 6 Typical in-transit times
00:17:04 7 Carbon emissions
00:17:55 8 Maritime transport infrastructure
00:18:49 9 See also



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SUMMARY
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Maritime transport is the transport of people (passengers) or goods (cargo) by water. Freight transport has been achieved widely by sea throughout recorded history. Although the importance of sea travel for passengers has decreased due to aviation, it is effective for short trips and pleasure cruises. Transport by water is cheaper than transport by air, despite fluctuating exchange rates and a fee placed on top of freighting charges for carrier companies known as  the Currency Adjustment Factor (CAF).
Maritime transport can be realized over any distance by boat, ship, sailboat or barge, over oceans and lakes, through canals or along rivers. Shipping may be for commerce, recreation, or for military purposes. While extensive inland shipping is less critical today, the major waterways of the world including many canals are still very important and are integral parts of worldwide economies. Virtually any material can be moved by water; however, water transport becomes impractical when material delivery is  time-critical such as various types of perishable produce. However, water transport is highly cost effective with regular schedulable cargoes, such as trans-oceanic shipping of consumer products – and especially for heavy loads or bulk cargos, such as coal, coke, ores or grains. Arguably, the industrial revolution took place best where cheap water transport by canal, navigations, or shipping by all types of watercraft on natural waterways supported cost effective bulk transport.
Containerization revolutionized maritime transport starting in the 1970s. "General cargo" includes goods packaged in boxes, cases, pallets, and barrels. When a cargo is carried in more than one mode, it is intermodal or co-modal.