Strategic bombing during World War II | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-05-15

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strategic_bombing_during_World_War_II


00:03:00 1 Legal considerations
00:06:13 2 Europe
00:06:21 2.1 Policy at the start of the war
00:09:13 2.2 Early war in Europe
00:09:23 2.2.1 Poland
00:16:36 2.2.2 The Western Front, 1939 to May 1940
00:19:40 2.2.3 Rotterdam Blitz
00:22:23 2.2.4 Allied response
00:25:02 2.2.5 The Battle of Britain and the Blitz
00:33:31 2.3 Germany later in the war
00:40:27 2.4 The British later in the war
00:51:59 2.4.1 Other British efforts
00:52:33 2.5 US bombing in Europe
01:00:29 2.6 Bombing in Romania
01:02:57 2.7 Bombing in Italy
01:08:21 2.8 Bombing in France
01:11:16 2.9 Soviet strategic bombing
01:16:34 2.10 Effectiveness
01:19:33 2.11 Effect on morale
01:22:54 2.12 Allied bombing statistics 1939–45
01:23:51 2.13 Casualties
01:26:02 3 Asia
01:26:34 3.1 Japanese bombing
01:28:22 3.2 Allied bombing of South-East Asia
01:29:55 3.3 United States bombing of Japan
01:30:55 3.3.1 Conventional bombing
01:39:37 3.3.2 Nuclear bombing
01:44:08 4 See also



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SUMMARY
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Strategic bombing during World War II was the sustained aerial attack on railways, harbours, cities, workers' and civilian housing, and industrial districts in enemy territory during World War II. Strategic bombing is a military strategy which is distinct from both close air support of ground forces and tactical air power.During World War II, it was believed by many military strategists of air power that major victories could be won by attacking industrial and political infrastructure, rather than purely military targets. Strategic bombing often involved bombing areas inhabited by civilians and some campaigns were deliberately designed to target civilian populations in order to terrorize and disrupt their usual activities. International law at the outset of World War II did not specifically forbid aerial bombardment of cities despite the prior occurrence of such bombing during World War I, the Spanish Civil War, and the Second Sino-Japanese War.
Strategic bombing during World War II began on 1 September 1939 when Germany invaded Poland and the Luftwaffe (German Air Force) began bombing cities and the civilian population in Poland in an indiscriminate aerial bombardment campaign. As the war continued to expand, bombing by both the Axis and the Allies increased significantly. The Royal Air Force began bombing Germany in March 1940. In September 1940, the Luftwaffe began targeting British cities in 'The Blitz'. After the beginning of Operation Barbarossa in June 1941, the Luftwaffe attacked Soviet cities and infrastructure. From 1942 onward, the British bombing campaign against Germany became less restrictive and increasingly targeted industrial sites and eventually, civilian areas. When the United States began flying bombing missions against Germany, it reinforced these efforts and controversial firebombings were carried out against Hamburg (1943), Dresden (1945), and other German cities.In the Pacific War, the Japanese bombed civilian populations throughout the war (e.g. in Chongqing). The US air raids on Japan began in earnest in October 1944 and by March 1945 had started their escalation into widespread firebombing, which culminated in the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki on 6 and 9 August 1945, respectively.
The effect of strategic bombing was highly debated during and after the war. Both the Luftwaffe and RAF failed to deliver a knockout blow by destroying enemy morale. However some argued that strategic bombing of non-military targets could significantly reduce enemy industrial capacity and production and in the opinion of its interwar period proponents, the surrender of Japan vindicated strategic bombing.