Internet censorship in Turkey | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-01-02

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Censorship_in_Turkey


00:05:12 1 History
00:21:08 2 Legislative framework
00:25:22 2.1 Article 301
00:28:15 2.2 Article 312
00:30:15 2.3 Other
00:40:50 2.4 ECHR oversight
00:47:56 3 Attacks and threats against journalists
00:48:08 3.1 Physical attacks and assassinations of journalists
00:51:47 3.2 Arrests of journalists
00:56:27 3.3 Judicial prosecution
00:59:52 3.4 Denial of accreditation and deportation of foreign journalists
01:02:10 3.5 Hostile public rhetoric and smear campaigns
01:03:42 3.6 Arbitrary denial of access
01:04:50 4 Government control over the media
01:07:08 4.1 Direct control over state media
01:08:25 4.2 Pro-governmental "Pool Media"
01:10:55 4.3 Direct pressures and self-censorship of major media outlets
01:15:24 4.4 Prosecution of journalists and closure of media
01:24:03 4.5 Government seizure of independent media companies
01:26:31 4.6 Removing channels from government-controlled TV satellites
01:30:03 5 Censorship of the media
01:32:18 5.1 Reporting bans and gag orders
01:38:11 5.2 Broadcasting
01:40:55 5.3 Print
01:42:28 6 Censorship of works of art
01:46:21 7 Censorship of films, movies and theater plays
01:49:58 8 Censorship of Books
01:53:52 9 Internet censorship
02:02:09 9.1 Legal framework
02:06:12 9.2 Blocking of Internet sites
02:27:59 10 Civil society initiatives
02:30:31 11 See also



Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.

Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain

Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.

Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:
https://assistant.google.com/services/invoke/uid/0000001a130b3f91
Other Wikipedia audio articles at:
https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=wikipedia+tts
Upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
https://github.com/nodef/wikipedia-tts
Speaking Rate: 0.711980065637492
Voice name: en-AU-Wavenet-A


"I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think."
- Socrates


SUMMARY
=======
Censorship in Turkey is regulated by domestic and international legislation, the latter (in theory) taking precedence over domestic law, according to Article 90 of the Constitution of Turkey (so amended in 2004).Despite legal provisions, media freedom in Turkey has steadily deteriorated from 2010 onwards, with a precipitous decline following the attempted coup in July 2016. President Tayyip Erdoğan has arrested hundreds of journalists, closed or taken over dozens of media outlets, and prevented journalists and their families from traveling. By some accounts, Turkey currently accounts for one-third of all journalists imprisoned around the world.Since 2013, Freedom House ranks Turkey as "Not Free". Reporters Without Borders ranked Turkey at the 149th place out of over 180 countries, between Mexico and DR Congo, with a score of 44.16. In the third quarter of 2015, the independent Turkish press agency Bianet recorded a strengthening of attacks on the opposition media during the Justice and Development Party (AKP) interim government. Bianet's final 2015 monitoring report confirmed this trend and underlined that once regained majority after the AKP interim government period, the Turkish government further intensified its pressure on the country's media.According to Freedom House,

The government enacted new laws that expanded both the state’s power to block websites and the surveillance capability of the National Intelligence Organization (MİT). Journalists faced unprecedented legal obstacles as the courts restricted reporting on corruption and national security issues. The authorities also continued to aggressively use the penal code, criminal defamation laws, and the antiterrorism law to crack down on journalists and media outlets.
Verbal attacks on journalists by senior politicians—including Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, the incumbent prime minister who was elected president in August—were often followed by harassment and even death threats against the targeted journalists on social media. Meanwhile, the government continued to use the financial and other leverage it holds over media owners to influence coverage of politically sensitive issues. Several dozen journalists, including prominent columnists, lost their jobs as a result of such pressure during the year, and those who remained had to operate in a climate of increasing self-censorship and media polarization.
In 2012 and  ...