Scientific research in Canada | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-01-19

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_scientific_research_in_Canada


00:00:19 1 The beginnings of science (AD 1600 – AD 1850)
00:00:33 1.1 The Europeans: explorers, universities, and talented amateurs (1600–1850)
00:00:48 1.1.1 Marine science
00:03:53 1.1.2 Universities and talented amateurs
00:05:25 1.1.3 Astronomy
00:06:08 1.1.4 Chemistry
00:06:31 1.1.5 Biology
00:07:57 1.2 The rise of professional science (1850–1900)
00:08:39 1.2.1 Government research organizations
00:09:04 1.2.2 New universities and changing curricula
00:10:13 1.2.3 The Royal Society of Canada and peer review
00:11:03 1.2.4 Disciplines (1850–1900)
00:11:13 1.2.4.1 Geology
00:13:10 1.2.4.2 Physics
00:13:57 1.2.4.3 Astronomy
00:14:34 1.2.4.4 Chemistry
00:16:24 1.2.4.5 Biology
00:17:41 1.2.4.6 Medical research
00:18:57 1.2.5 Scientists of note (1850–1900)
00:19:44 1.3 Research laboratories, Nobel Prizes and the NRC (1900–1939)
00:19:59 1.3.1 University laboratories
00:22:04 1.3.2 Disciplines (1900–1939)
00:22:15 1.3.2.1 Physics
00:25:03 1.3.2.2 Astronomy
00:26:06 1.3.2.3 Geology
00:27:16 1.3.2.4 Oceanography
00:29:05 1.3.2.5 Chemistry
00:31:57 1.3.2.6 Biology
00:35:49 1.3.2.7 Medical research
00:39:26 1.3.3 Scientists of note (1900–1939)
00:40:45 1.4 Science at war (1939–1945)
00:40:57 1.4.1 Funding and pure science
00:42:50 1.4.2 Disciplines (1939–1945)
00:43:01 1.4.2.1 Physics
00:44:47 1.5 Explosive growth (1945–1985)
00:45:00 1.5.1 Universities and government research agencies (1945–1985)
00:47:11 1.5.2 Funding agencies (1945–1985)
00:48:41 1.5.3 Disciplines (1945–1985)
00:48:53 1.5.3.1 Physics
00:54:37 1.5.3.2 Astronomy
00:55:53 1.5.3.3 Space science
00:57:55 1.5.3.4 Geology
01:00:19 1.5.3.5 Oceanography
01:03:31 1.5.3.6 Chemistry
01:06:11 1.5.3.7 Biology
01:09:18 1.5.3.8 Medical research
01:13:51 1.5.4 Big science (1945–1985)
01:14:59 1.5.5 Science policy
01:17:38 1.5.6 Nobel laureates and other scientists of note (1945–1985)
01:19:09 2 Integrationism
01:20:07 2.1 Cutbacks and recovery (1985–present)
01:20:19 2.1.1 Universities and government research agencies (1985–present)
01:22:03 2.1.2 Funding agencies, science policy and science infrastructure (1985–present)
01:29:36 2.1.3 Disciplines (1985–present)
01:29:46 2.1.3.1 Physics
01:39:16 2.1.3.2 Astronomy
01:46:26 2.1.3.3 Space science
01:53:21 2.1.3.4 Geology
01:55:40 2.1.3.5 Oceanography
01:59:15 2.1.3.6 Chemistry
02:01:45 2.1.3.7 Biology
02:06:57 2.1.3.8 Medical research
02:20:11 2.1.3.9 Cognitive science
02:24:42 2.1.4 Big science (1985–present)
02:26:02 2.1.5 Nobel Laureates and other scientists of note (1985–present)
02:27:09 2.1.6 Canadian scientific research (2000s)



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SUMMARY
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This article outlines the history of natural scientific research in Canada, including physics, astronomy, space science, geology, oceanography, chemistry, biology, and medical research. Neither the social sciences nor the formal sciences are treated here.