Anaerobic digestion | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 23/06/2019

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anaerobic_digestion


00:02:28 1 Process
00:04:06 1.1 Process stages
00:06:56 1.2 Configuration
00:08:09 1.2.1 Batch or continuous
00:10:14 1.2.2 Temperature
00:12:55 1.2.3 Solids content
00:16:11 1.2.4 Complexity
00:18:32 1.2.5 Residence time
00:19:56 1.3 Inhibition
00:20:40 2 Feedstocks
00:23:46 2.1 Moisture content
00:25:09 2.2 Contamination
00:26:22 2.3 Substrate composition
00:27:30 3 Applications
00:28:18 3.1 Waste and wastewater treatment
00:30:10 3.2 Power generation
00:33:30 3.3 Grid injection
00:34:49 3.4 Vehicle fuel
00:35:21 3.5 Fertiliser and soil conditioner
00:36:09 3.6 Cooking gas
00:37:00 4 Products
00:37:17 4.1 Biogas
00:40:58 4.2 Digestate
00:43:35 4.3 Wastewater
00:44:48 5 History



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SUMMARY
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Anaerobic digestion is a collection of processes by which microorganisms break down biodegradable material in the absence of oxygen. The process is used for industrial or domestic purposes to manage waste or to produce fuels. Much of the fermentation used industrially to produce food and drink products, as well as home fermentation, uses anaerobic digestion.
Anaerobic digestion occurs naturally in some soils and in lake and oceanic basin sediments, where it is usually referred to as "anaerobic activity". This is the source of marsh gas methane as discovered by Alessandro Volta in 1776.The digestion process begins with bacterial hydrolysis of the input materials. Insoluble organic polymers, such as carbohydrates, are broken down to soluble derivatives that become available for other bacteria. Acidogenic bacteria then convert the sugars and amino acids into carbon dioxide, hydrogen, ammonia, and organic acids. These bacteria convert these resulting organic acids into acetic acid, along with additional ammonia, hydrogen, and carbon dioxide. Finally, methanogens convert these products to methane and carbon dioxide. The methanogenic archaea populations play an indispensable role in anaerobic wastewater treatments.Anaerobic digestion is used as part of the process to treat biodegradable waste and sewage sludge. As part of an integrated waste management system, anaerobic digestion reduces the emission of landfill gas into the atmosphere. Anaerobic digesters can also be fed with purpose-grown energy crops, such as maize.Anaerobic digestion is widely used as a source of renewable energy. The process produces a biogas, consisting of methane, carbon dioxide, and traces of other ‘contaminant’ gases. This biogas can be used directly as fuel, in combined heat and power gas engines or upgraded to natural gas-quality biomethane. The nutrient-rich digestate also produced can be used as fertilizer.
With the re-use of waste as a resource and new technological approaches that have lowered capital costs, anaerobic digestion has in recent years received increased attention among governments in a number of countries, among these the United Kingdom (2011), Germany and Denmark (2011).