Maxwell's theory | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2018-12-28

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxwell%27s_equations


00:03:13 1 Conceptual descriptions
00:03:23 1.1 Gauss's law
00:04:20 1.2 Gauss's law for magnetism
00:05:35 1.3 Faraday's law
00:06:36 1.4 Ampère's law with Maxwell's addition
00:08:24 2 Formulation in terms of electric and magnetic fields (microscopic or in vacuum version)
00:10:18 2.1 Formulation in SI units convention
00:10:29 2.2 Formulation in Gaussian units convention
00:11:57 2.3 Key to the notation
00:13:00 2.3.1 Differential equations
00:14:21 2.3.2 Integral equations
00:14:52 3 Relationship between differential and integral formulations
00:18:35 3.1 Flux and divergence
00:18:58 3.2 Circulation and curl
00:21:48 4 Charge conservation
00:24:23 5 Vacuum equations, electromagnetic waves and speed of light
00:27:39 6 Macroscopic formulation
00:27:54 6.1 Bound charge and current
00:36:02 6.2 Auxiliary fields, polarization and magnetization
00:40:04 6.3 Constitutive relations
00:42:39 7 Alternative formulations
00:44:56 8 Relativistic formulations
00:49:57 9 Solutions
00:51:14 10 Overdetermination of Maxwell's equations
00:53:09 11 Maxwell equations as the classical limit of QED
00:53:35 12 Variations
00:54:35 12.1 Magnetic monopoles
00:56:37 13 See also
00:59:19 14 Notes
01:01:19 15 References
01:03:06 16 Historical publications
01:03:30 17 Further reading
01:04:10 18 External links



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SUMMARY
=======
Maxwell's equations are a set of partial differential equations that, together with the Lorentz force law, form the foundation of classical electromagnetism, classical optics, and electric circuits. The equations provide a mathematical model for electric, optical and radio technologies, such as power generation, electric motors, wireless communication, lenses, radar etc. Maxwell's equations describe how electric and magnetic fields are generated by charges, currents, and changes of the fields. One important consequence of the equations is that they demonstrate how fluctuating electric and magnetic fields propagate at the speed of light. Known as electromagnetic radiation, these waves may occur at various wavelengths to produce a spectrum from radio waves to γ-rays. The equations are named after the physicist and mathematician James Clerk Maxwell, who between 1861 and 1862 published an early form of the equations that included the Lorentz force law. He also first used the equations to propose that light is an electromagnetic phenomenon.
The equations have two major variants. The microscopic Maxwell equations have universal applicability, but are unwieldy for common calculations. They relate the electric and magnetic fields to total charge and total current, including the complicated charges and currents in materials at the atomic scale. The "macroscopic" Maxwell equations define two new auxiliary fields that describe the large-scale behaviour of matter without having to consider atomic scale charges and quantum phenomena like spins. However, their use requires experimentally determined parameters for a phenomenological description of the electromagnetic response of materials.
The term "Maxwell's equations" is often also used for equivalent alternative formulations. Versions of Maxwell's equations based on the electric and magnetic potentials are preferred for explicitly solving the equations as a boundary value problem, analytical mechanics, or for use in quantum mechanics. The spacetime formulations (i.e., on spacetime rather than space and time separately), are commonly used in high energy and gravitational physics because they make the compatibility of the equations with special and general relativity manifest. In fact, Einstein developed special and general relativity to accommodate the invariant speed of light that drops out of the Maxwell equations with the principle that only  ...