Spinal cord | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-05-07

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinal_cord


00:01:31 1 Structure
00:05:08 1.1 Spinal cord segments
00:09:37 1.2 Development
00:11:58 1.3 Blood supply
00:13:43 2 Function
00:13:52 2.1 Somatosensory organization
00:17:39 2.2 Motor organization
00:20:23 2.3 Spinocerebellar tracts
00:22:38 3 Clinical significance
00:23:01 3.1 Injury
00:25:12 3.2 Treatment
00:25:49 3.3 Lumbar puncture
00:26:24 3.4 Tumours
00:26:41 4 Additional images
00:26:51 5 See also



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Voice name: en-GB-Wavenet-B


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SUMMARY
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The spinal cord is a long, thin, tubular structure made up of nervous tissue, which extends from the medulla oblongata in the brainstem to the lumbar region of the vertebral column. It encloses the central canal of the spinal cord, which contains cerebrospinal fluid. The brain and spinal cord together make up the central nervous system (CNS). In humans, the spinal cord begins at the occipital bone, passing through the foramen magnum and entering the spinal canal at the beginning of the cervical vertebrae. The spinal cord extends down to between the first and second lumbar vertebrae, where it ends. The enclosing bony vertebral column protects the relatively shorter spinal cord. It is around 45 cm (18 in) in men and around 43 cm (17 in) long in women. The diameter of the spinal cord ranges from 13 mm (1⁄2 in) in the cervical and lumbar regions to 6.4 mm (1⁄4 in) in the thoracic area.
The spinal cord functions primarily in the transmission of nerve signals from the motor cortex to the body, and from the afferent fibers of the sensory neurons to the sensory cortex.  It is also a center for coordinating many reflexes and contains reflex arcs that can independently control reflexes. It is also the location of groups of spinal interneurons that make up the neural circuits known as central pattern generators. These circuits are responsible for controlling motor instructions for rhythmic movements such as walking.