Mesa Verde National Park | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2018-12-18

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Mesa Verde National Park


00:02:00 1 Inhabitants
00:02:09 1.1 Paleo-Indians
00:03:24 1.2 Archaic
00:05:34 1.3 Basketmaker culture
00:09:04 1.4 Ancestral Puebloans
00:09:13 1.4.1 Pueblo I: 750 to 900
00:12:45 1.4.2 Pueblo II: 900 to 1150
00:15:30 1.4.3 Pueblo III: 1150 to 1300
00:19:17 1.4.4 Warfare
00:21:44 1.4.5 Migration
00:24:40 1.4.6 Organization
00:25:47 1.4.7 Architecture
00:28:05 1.4.8 Astronomy
00:29:18 1.4.9 Agriculture and water-control systems
00:32:12 1.4.10 Hunting and foraging
00:34:00 1.4.11 Pottery
00:37:17 1.4.12 Rock art and murals
00:39:19 2 Anthropogenic ecology, geography, and climate
00:41:22 3 Geology
00:44:36 4 Rediscovery
00:46:56 4.1 Wetherills
00:48:27 4.2 Gustaf Nordenskiöld
00:49:22 5 National Park
00:52:31 5.1 Excavation and protection
00:53:56 5.2 Conflicts with Local Tribes
00:56:19 5.3 Services
00:58:26 5.4 Wildfires and culturally modified trees
01:00:11 5.5 Ute Mountain Tribal Park
01:00:59 6 Key sites
01:01:23 6.1 Balcony House
01:02:16 6.2 Cliff Palace
01:03:07 6.3 Long House
01:04:05 6.4 Mug, Oak Tree, Spruce Tree, and Square Tower houses
01:05:09 7 See also



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SUMMARY
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Mesa Verde National Park is an American national park and UNESCO World Heritage Site located in Montezuma County, Colorado. The park protects some of the best-preserved Ancestral Puebloan archaeological sites in the United States.
Established by Congress and President Theodore Roosevelt in 1906, the park occupies 52,485 acres (21,240 ha) near the Four Corners region of the American Southwest. With more than 5,000 sites, including 600 cliff dwellings, it is the largest archaeological preserve in the United States. Mesa Verde (Spanish for "green table") is best known for structures such as Cliff Palace, thought to be the largest cliff dwelling in North America.
Starting c. 7500 BCE, Mesa Verde was seasonally inhabited by a group of nomadic Paleo-Indians known as the Foothills Mountain Complex. The variety of projectile points found in the region indicates they were influenced by surrounding areas, including the Great Basin, the San Juan Basin, and the Rio Grande Valley. Later, Archaic people established semi-permanent rockshelters in and around the mesa. By 1000 BCE, the Basketmaker culture emerged from the local Archaic population, and by 750 CE the Ancestral Puebloans had developed from the Basketmaker culture.
The Mesa Verdeans survived using a combination of hunting, gathering, and subsistence farming of crops such as corn, beans, and squash. They built the mesa's first pueblos sometime after 650, and by the end of the 12th century, they began to construct the massive cliff dwellings for which the park is best known. By 1285, following a period of social and environmental instability driven by a series of severe and prolonged droughts, they abandoned the area and moved south to locations in Arizona and New Mexico, including Rio Chama, Pajarito Plateau, and Santa Fe.