Three-phase traffic theory | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 31/12/2018

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three-phase_traffic_theory


00:00:50 1 Free flow (iF/i)
00:01:40 2 Congested traffic
00:02:59 3 Definitions [iJ/i] and [iS/i] of the phases iJ/i and iS/i in congested traffic
00:03:26 3.1 The "wide moving jam" phase [iJ/i]
00:05:19 3.2 The "synchronized flow" phase [iS/i]
00:06:25 3.3 Explanation of the traffic phase definitions based on measured traffic data
00:07:30 3.4 Traffic phase definition based on empirical single-vehicle data
00:09:07 4 Kerner’s hypothesis about two-dimensional (2D) states of traffic flow
00:09:20 4.1 Steady states of synchronized flow
00:10:57 5 Car following in three-phase traffic theory
00:12:00 5.1 Autonomous driving in framework of three-phase traffic theory
00:12:26 6 Traffic breakdown – a iF/i → iS/i phase transition
00:13:19 6.1 Empirical spontaneous and induced iF/i → iS/i transitions
00:14:58 6.2 Physical explanation of traffic breakdown in three-phase theory
00:16:57 6.3 Discussion of Kerner’s explanation of traffic breakdown
00:18:46 6.4 The reason for Kerner’s theory and his criticism of classical traffic flow theories
00:19:44 6.5 The main prediction of Kerner’s three-phase theory
00:21:40 7 Range of highway capacities
00:22:06 7.1 Maximum and minimum highway capacities
00:22:58 7.2 Highway capacities and metastability of free flow
00:24:23 7.3 Discussion of capacity definitions
00:26:27 8 Wide moving jams (iJ/i)
00:27:21 8.1 Characteristic parameters of wide moving jams
00:28:44 8.2 Minimum highway capacity and outflow from wide moving jam
00:30:42 9 Synchronized flow phase (iS/i)
00:31:32 10 iS/i → iJ/i phase transition
00:31:52 10.1 "Jam without obvious reason" – F → S → J phase transitions
00:33:37 10.2 The physics of iS/i → iJ/i transition
00:34:23 11 Traffic patterns of iS/i and iJ/i
00:34:39 11.1 Classification of synchronized flow traffic patterns (SP)
00:35:32 11.2 Catch effect of synchronized flow at a highway bottleneck
00:36:27 11.3 General congested traffic pattern (GP)
00:37:18 12 Applications of three-phase traffic theory in transportation engineering
00:38:20 13 Mathematical models of traffic flow in the framework of Kerner’s three-phase traffic theory
00:40:53 14 Criticism of the theory
00:43:02 15 Incommensurability of three-phase traffic theory and classical traffic-flow theories
00:46:16 16 See also



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SUMMARY
=======
Three-phase traffic theory is a theory of traffic flow developed by Boris Kerner between 1996 and 2002. It focuses mainly on the explanation of the physics of traffic breakdown and resulting congested traffic on highways. Kerner describes three phases of traffic, while the classical theories based on the fundamental diagram of traffic flow have two phases: free flow and congested traffic. Kerner’s theory divides congested traffic into two distinct phases, synchronized flow and wide moving jam, bringing the total number of phases to three:

Free flow (F)
Synchronized flow (S)
Wide moving jam (J)The word "wide" is used even though it is the length of the traffic jam that is being referred to.
A phase is defined as a state in space and time.