Denaturation (biochemistry) | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 27/12/2018

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denaturation_(biochemistry)


00:01:38 1 Common examples
00:02:47 2 Protein denaturation
00:03:07 2.1 Background
00:05:35 2.2 How denaturation occurs at levels of protein structure
00:06:51 2.2.1 Loss of function
00:07:36 2.2.2 Loss of activity due to heavy metals and metalloids
00:08:52 2.2.3 Reversibility and irreversibility
00:09:58 2.2.4 Protein denaturation due to pH
00:10:42 3 Nucleic acid denaturation
00:11:59 3.1 Biologically-induced denaturation
00:13:50 3.2 Denaturation due to chemical agents
00:15:17 3.2.1 Chemical denaturation as an alternative
00:16:38 3.2.2 Denaturation due to air
00:17:42 3.3 Applications
00:18:14 4 Denaturants
00:18:24 4.1 Protein Denaturants
00:18:34 4.1.1 Acids
00:18:55 4.1.2 Bases
00:19:12 4.1.3 Solvents
00:19:29 4.1.4 Cross-linking reagents
00:19:47 4.1.5 Chaotropic agents
00:20:14 4.1.6 Disulfide bond reducers
00:20:39 4.1.7 Other
00:20:55 4.2 Nucleic Acid Denaturants
00:21:06 4.2.1 Chemical
00:21:44 4.2.2 Physical
00:22:02 5 See also



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SUMMARY
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Denaturation is a process in which proteins or nucleic acids lose the quaternary structure, tertiary structure, and secondary structure which is present in their native state, by application of some external stress or compound such as a strong acid or base, a concentrated inorganic salt, an organic solvent (e.g., alcohol or chloroform), radiation or heat. If proteins in a living cell are denatured, this results in disruption of cell activity and possibly cell death. Protein denaturation is also a consequence of cell death. Denatured proteins can exhibit a wide range of characteristics, from conformational change and loss of solubility to aggregation due to the exposure of hydrophobic groups. Denatured proteins lose their 3D structure and therefore cannot function.
Protein folding is key to whether a globular or membrane protein can do its job correctly; it must be folded into the right shape to function. However, hydrogen bonds, which play a big part in folding, are rather weak and thus easily affected by heat, acidity, varying salt concentrations, and other stressors which can denature the protein. This is one reason why tight homeostasis is physiologically necessary in many life forms.
This concept is unrelated to denatured alcohol, which is alcohol that has been mixed with additives to make it unsuitable for human consumption.