Steam engines | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-07-05

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steam_engine


00:02:16 1 History
00:02:25 1.1 Early experiments
00:03:33 1.2 Pumping engines
00:04:40 1.3 Piston steam engines
00:06:54 1.4 High-pressure engines
00:08:50 1.5 Horizontal stationary engine
00:09:57 1.6 Road vehicles
00:11:36 1.7 Marine engines
00:12:32 1.8 Steam locomotives
00:14:51 1.9 Steam turbines
00:15:57 1.10 Present development
00:16:48 2 Components and accessories of steam engines
00:18:28 2.1 Heat source
00:19:01 2.2 Boilers
00:20:22 2.3 Cold sink
00:21:08 2.4 Water pump
00:23:22 2.5 Monitoring and control
00:24:22 2.6 Governor
00:25:38 3 Engine configuration
00:26:32 3.1 Simple engine
00:26:42 3.2 Compound engines
00:28:41 3.3 Multiple-expansion engines
00:32:08 4 Types of motor units
00:34:51 4.1 Reciprocating piston
00:35:01 4.1.1 Compression
00:37:46 4.1.2 Lead
00:38:22 4.2 Uniflow (or unaflow) engine
00:38:57 4.3 Turbine engines
00:40:01 4.4 Oscillating cylinder steam engines
00:44:23 4.5 Rotary steam engines
00:45:07 4.6 Rocket type
00:46:51 5 Safety
00:47:30 6 Steam cycle
00:50:01 7 Efficiency
00:53:36 8 See also



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SUMMARY
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A steam engine is a heat engine that performs mechanical work using steam as its working fluid. The steam engine uses the force produced by steam pressure to push a piston back and forth inside a cylinder. This pushing force is transformed, by a connecting rod and flywheel, into rotational force for work. The term "steam engine" is generally applied only to reciprocating engines as just described, not to the steam turbine.
Steam engines are external combustion engines, where the working fluid is separated from the combustion products. The ideal thermodynamic cycle used to analyze this process is called the Rankine cycle.
In general usage, the term steam engine can refer to either complete steam plants (including boilers etc.) such as railway steam locomotives and portable engines, or may refer to the piston or turbine machinery alone, as in the beam engine and stationary steam engine.
Steam-driven devices were known as early as the aeliopile in the first century AD, with a few other uses recorded in the 16th and 17th century. Thomas Savery's dewatering pump used steam pressure operating directly on water. The first commercially successful engine that could transmit continuous power to a machine was developed in 1712 by Thomas Newcomen. James Watt made a critical improvement by removing spent steam to a separate vessel for condensation, greatly improving the amount of work obtained per unit of fuel consumed. By the 19th century, stationary steam engines powered the factories of the Industrial Revolution. Steam engines replaced sail for ships, and steam locomotives operated on the  railways.
Reciprocating piston type steam engines were the dominant source of power until the early 20th century, when advances in the design of electric motors and internal combustion engines gradually resulted in the replacement of reciprocating (piston) steam engines in commercial usage. Steam turbines replaced reciprocating engines in power generation, due to lower cost, higher operating speed, and higher efficiency.