the Life Cycle of a Star - GCSE Physics Space - Summary
Channel: Kit Betts-Masters
Date: 08/03/2021

Our solar system consists of (in ascending size order): comets, dwarf planets, moons, eight planets, the Sun.
Our sun and its solar system is part of a galaxy called the Milky Way.
Our Sun is in its main sequence.  It will have started as a nebula, a cloud of gas and dust.  This was drawn together by gravity until the temperature and pressure was right for nuclear fusion to begin.  There is now an equilibrium between the expansion caused by the nuclear fusion and the gravitational collapse of the star.  

Nebula - a cloud of gas and dust which contracts due to the force of gravity.
Protostar - Friction between particles causes high temperature and pressure, nuclear fusion starts
Main Sequence Star - stable period of a stars life during which force due to radiation pressure outwards and gravity force inwards are balanced.
Red Giant - star expands and cools, elements up to iron made by fusion
White Dwarf and Planetary Nebula – layers drift into space and last fusion occurs until all hydrogen runs out
Black Dwarf - Fusion eventually stops and the star no longer gives out light.

Red super giant - star expands and cools elements up to iron made by fusion
Supernova - layers collapse in on dense core in an explosion in which elements more massive than iron are made.  Elements are scattered throughout the universe.
Neutron star - a very dense ball of neutrons. 
Black hole - object so dense that not even light can escape its gravity field. 


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