Rate (particle physics) | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 03/05/2019

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross_section_(physics)


00:01:39 1 Collision among gas particles
00:03:21 2 Attenuation of a beam of particles
00:04:38 3 Differential cross section
00:05:42 4 Quantum scattering
00:10:30 4.1 Relation to the S-matrix
00:14:17 5 Units
00:16:20 6 Scattering of light
00:16:40 7 Scattering of light on extended bodies
00:17:36 7.1 Relation to physical size
00:17:48 7.2 Meteorological range
00:17:52 8 Examples
00:19:47 8.1 Example 1: elastic collision of two hard spheres
00:21:28 8.2 Example 2: scattering light from a 2D circular mirror
00:22:08 8.3 Example 3: scattering light from a 3D spherical mirror
00:22:46 9 See also
00:22:54 10 References
00:23:49 11 External links
00:27:01 π; the light is reflected perpendicularly and returns), and the zero minimum for the scattering from the edge of the circle directly forward (θ
00:28:55 πr2.
00:28:58 Example 3: scattering light from a 3D spherical mirror



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SUMMARY
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When two particles interact, their mutual cross section is the area transverse to their relative motion within which they must meet in order to scatter from each other. If the particles are hard inelastic spheres that interact only upon contact, their scattering cross section is related to their geometric size. If the particles interact through some action-at-a-distance force, such as electromagnetism or gravity, their scattering cross section is generally larger than their geometric size. When a cross section is specified as a function of some final-state variable, such as particle angle or energy, it is called a differential cross section. When a cross section is integrated over all scattering angles (and possibly other variables), it is called a total cross section. Cross sections are typically denoted σ (sigma) and measured in units of area.
Scattering cross sections may be defined in nuclear, atomic, and particle physics for collisions of accelerated beams of one type of particle with targets (either stationary or moving) of a second type of particle. The probability for any given reaction to occur is in proportion to its cross section. Thus, specifying the cross section for a given reaction is a proxy for stating the probability that a given scattering process will occur.
The measured reaction rate of a given process depends strongly on experimental variables such as the density of the target material, the intensity of the beam, the detection efficiency of the apparatus, or the angle setting of the detection apparatus. However, these quantities can be factored away, allowing measurement of the underlying two-particle collisional cross section.
Differential and total scattering cross sections are among the most important measurable quantities in nuclear, atomic, and particle physics.