Antimony | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-01-31

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antimony


00:01:37 1 Characteristics
00:01:47 1.1 Properties
00:04:52 1.2 Isotopes
00:05:54 1.3 Occurrence
00:06:40 2 Compounds
00:07:02 2.1 Oxides and hydroxides
00:09:04 2.2 Halides
00:11:12 2.3 Antimonides, hydrides, and organoantimony compounds
00:13:14 3 History
00:17:16 3.1 Etymology
00:20:17 4 Production
00:20:26 4.1 Top producers and production volumes
00:22:32 4.2 Reserves
00:22:56 4.3 Production process
00:24:22 4.4 Supply risk and critical mineral rankings
00:25:22 4.4.1 Europe
00:26:24 4.4.2 U.S.
00:27:50 5 Applications
00:28:12 5.1 Flame retardants
00:29:16 5.2 Alloys
00:30:11 5.3 Other applications
00:33:22 6 Precautions
00:37:56 6.1 Toxicity
00:39:01 7 See also



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SUMMARY
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Antimony is a chemical element with symbol Sb (from Latin: stibium) and atomic number 51. A lustrous gray metalloid, it is found in nature mainly as the sulfide mineral stibnite (Sb2S3). Antimony compounds have been known since ancient times and were powdered for use as medicine and cosmetics, often known by the Arabic name, kohl. Metallic antimony was also known, but it was erroneously identified as lead upon its discovery. The earliest known description of the metal in the West was written in 1540 by Vannoccio Biringuccio.
For some time, China has been the largest producer of antimony and its compounds, with most production coming from the Xikuangshan Mine in Hunan. The industrial methods for refining antimony are roasting and reduction with carbon or direct reduction of stibnite with iron.
The largest applications for metallic antimony is an alloy with lead and tin and the lead antimony plates in lead–acid batteries. Alloys of lead and tin with antimony have improved properties for solders, bullets, and plain bearings. Antimony compounds are prominent additives for chlorine and bromine-containing fire retardants found in many commercial and domestic products. An emerging application is the use of antimony in microelectronics.