Candidate of Science | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 31/12/2018

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Candidate_of_Sciences


00:00:49 1 Overview
00:02:38 2 Procedure for attaining the degree
00:05:55 3 Local characteristics
00:06:06 3.1 Former Czechoslovakia
00:09:35 3.1.1 Czech Republic
00:10:16 3.1.2 Slovakia
00:10:42 3.2 Poland
00:11:15 3.3 Former Soviet Union, Russia, Ukraine, Belarus
00:12:29 3.3.1 Branches of science
00:13:34 4 See also



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- Socrates


SUMMARY
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Kandidat nauk (Russian: Кандидат наук, literally "Candidate of Sciences") is the first of two doctoral level scientific degrees in some former  Soviet countries. It is formally classified as UNESCO  ISCED level 8, 'doctoral or equivalent', and is thus officially translated into English and other languages as  Doctor of Philosophy (i.e. PhD) and recognised as such.
As in Germany, former Soviet countries have an additional doctoral degree, Doktor nauk (Доктор наук), which by official agreement is equivalent to habilitation and typically requires 10 years of original research after Kandidat nauk is attained.