Xinjiang | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 10/05/2019

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xinjiang


00:03:53 1 Names
00:08:44 2 Description
00:12:21 3 History
00:12:30 3.1 Early history
00:21:32 3.2 Islamisation of Xinjiang
00:23:20 3.3 Mongol period
00:27:11 3.4 Qing dynasty
00:31:47 3.5 Republic of China
00:35:25 3.6 Modern China (People's Republic of China)
00:40:45 4 Administrative divisions
00:42:02 4.1 Urban areas
00:42:11 5 Geography and geology
00:42:57 5.1 Mountain systems and basins
00:45:10 5.2 Geology
00:45:52 5.3 Center of the continent
00:47:05 5.4 Rivers and lakes
00:49:10 5.5 Time
00:50:09 5.6 Deserts
00:50:33 5.7 Major cities
00:51:22 5.8 Climate
00:52:50 5.9 Bordering regions
00:53:00 6 Politics
00:55:43 6.1 Human rights
00:57:59 7 Economy
00:59:48 7.1 Agriculture and fishing
01:02:23 7.2 Mining and minerals
01:03:13 7.3 Foreign trade
01:04:18 7.4 Economic and Technological Development Zones
01:06:37 8 Culture
01:06:46 9 Demographics
01:13:56 9.1 Vital statistics
01:14:05 9.2 Religion
01:15:46 9.3 Media
01:17:01 10 Sports
01:17:42 11 Transportation
01:17:52 11.1 Roads
01:20:16 11.2 Rail
01:22:50 12 East Turkestan independence movement
01:25:34 13 See also



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SUMMARY
=======
Xinjiang (Uyghur: شىنجاڭ; SASM/GNC: Xinjang; Chinese: 新疆; pinyin: Xīnjiāng formerly romanized as Sinkiang), officially the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (XUAR), is a provincial-level autonomous region of China in the northwest of the country. It is the largest Chinese administrative division and the eighth largest country subdivision in the world, spanning over 1.6 million km2 (640,000 square miles). Xinjiang contains the disputed territory of Aksai Chin, which is administered by China and claimed by India. Xinjiang borders the countries of Mongolia (Bayan-Ölgii, Khovd and Govi-Altai Provinces), Russia (Altai Republic), Kazakhstan (East Kazakhstan and Almaty Provinces), Kyrgyzstan (Issyk Kul, Naryn and Osh Regions), Tajikistan (Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Region), Afghanistan (Badakhshan Province), Pakistan (Gilgit-Baltistan), and India (Jammu and Kashmir). The rugged Karakoram, Kunlun, and Tian Shan mountain ranges occupy much of Xinjiang's borders, as well as its western and southern regions. Xinjiang also borders Tibet Autonomous Region and the provinces of Gansu and Qinghai. The most well-known route of the historical Silk Road ran through the territory from the east to its northwestern border. In recent decades, abundant oil and mineral reserves have been found in Xinjiang, and it is currently China's largest natural gas-producing region.
It is home to a number of ethnic groups, including the Uyghur, Han, Kazakhs, Tibetans, Hui, Tajiks, Kyrgyz, Mongols, Russians and Xibe. More than a dozen autonomous prefectures and counties for minorities are in Xinjiang. Older English-language reference works often refer to the area as Chinese Turkestan. Xinjiang is divided into the Dzungarian Basin in the north and the Tarim Basin in the south by a mountain range. Only about 9.7% of Xinjiang's land area is fit for human habitation.With a documented history of at least 2,500 years, a succession of people and empires have vied for control over all or parts of this territory. The territory came under the rule of the Qing dynasty in the 18th century, which was later replaced by the Republic of China government. Since 1949, it has been part of the People's Republic of China following the Chinese Civil War. In 1954, Xinjiang Bingtuan was set up to strengthen the border defense against the Soviet Union, and also promote the local economy. In 1955, Xinjiang was turned into an autonomous region from a province. In the last decades, the East Turkistan  independent movement, separatist conflict and the influence of radical Islam have both resulted in unrest in the region, with occasional terrorist attacks and cla ...