Oncolytic virus | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-05-06

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oncolytic_virus


00:01:59 1 History
00:03:57 1.1 Herpes simplex virus
00:06:31 1.2 Oncorine (H101)
00:08:04 2 Mechanisms of action
00:08:14 2.1 Immunotherapy
00:08:43 2.1.1 Immunity as an obstacle
00:10:20 2.1.2 Immunity as an ally
00:11:49 3 Oncolytic behaviour of wild-type viruses
00:12:01 3.1 Vaccinia virus
00:13:19 3.2 Vesicular stomatitis virus
00:15:18 3.3 Poliovirus
00:16:21 3.4 Reovirus
00:17:07 3.5 Senecavirus
00:17:49 3.6 RIGVIR
00:19:31 3.7 Semliki Forest virus
00:20:25 3.8 Other
00:20:41 4 Engineering oncolytic viruses
00:20:52 4.1 Directed evolution
00:22:43 4.2 Attenuation
00:24:02 4.3 Tumour targeting
00:25:53 4.4 Reporter genes
00:27:22 4.5 Modifications to improve oncolytic activity
00:27:42 4.5.1 Suicide genes
00:28:45 4.5.2 Suppression of angiogenesis
00:29:43 4.5.3 Radioiodine
00:30:27 5 Approved therapeutic agents
00:31:25 6 Oncolytic viruses in conjunction with existing cancer therapies
00:31:52 6.1 Clinical trials
00:32:35 6.2 Pre-clinical research
00:33:56 7 In fiction
00:34:49 8 See also



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SUMMARY
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An oncolytic virus is a virus that preferentially infects and kills cancer cells. As the infected cancer cells are destroyed by oncolysis, they release new infectious virus particles or virions to help destroy the remaining tumour. Oncolytic viruses are thought not only to cause direct destruction of the tumour cells, but also to stimulate host anti-tumour immune system responses.The potential of viruses as anti-cancer agents was first realised in the early twentieth century, although coordinated research efforts did not begin until the 1960s.
A number of viruses including adenovirus, reovirus, measles, herpes simplex, Newcastle disease virus, and vaccinia have been clinically tested as oncolytic agents.
Most current oncolytic viruses are engineered for tumour selectivity, although there are naturally occurring examples such as reovirus and the senecavirus, resulting in clinical trials.The first oncolytic virus to be approved by a national regulatory agency was genetically unmodified ECHO-7 strain enterovirus RIGVIR, approved in Latvia in 2004 for the treatment of skin melanoma. It was subsequently approved in Georgia and Armenia. An oncolytic adenovirus, a genetically modified adenovirus named H101, was approved in China in 2005 for the treatment of head and neck cancer. In 2015, talimogene laherparepvec (OncoVex, T-VEC), an oncolytic herpes virus which is a modified herpes simplex virus, became the first oncolytic virus to be approved for use in the U.S. and European Union, for the treatment of advanced inoperable melanoma.