Schutzstaffel | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-06-22

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schutzstaffel


00:02:57 1 Origins
00:03:05 1.1 Forerunner of the SS
00:05:12 1.2 Early commanders
00:07:04 1.3 Himmler appointed
00:10:17 1.4 Ideology
00:15:08 2 Pre-war Germany
00:20:43 2.1 Hitler's personal bodyguards
00:24:49 2.2 Concentration camps founded
00:27:04 3 SS in World War II
00:28:27 3.1 Invasion of Poland
00:32:02 3.2 Battle of France
00:35:20 3.3 Campaign in the Balkans
00:37:19 4 War in the east
00:40:00 4.1 The Holocaust
00:42:43 4.2 Anti-partisan operations
00:45:03 4.3 Death camps
00:48:28 5 Business empire
00:54:11 6 Military reversals
00:55:10 6.1 Normandy landings
00:59:06 6.2 Battle for Germany
01:04:52 7 SS units and branches
01:05:02 7.1 Reich Main Security Office
01:06:55 7.2 iSS-Sonderkommandos/i
01:10:09 7.3 iEinsatzgruppen/i
01:12:38 7.4 SS Court Main Office
01:13:53 7.5 SS Cavalry
01:16:16 7.6 SS Medical Corps
01:18:41 7.7 Other SS units
01:18:49 7.7.1 iAhnenerbe/i
01:19:38 7.7.2 iSS-Frauenkorps/i
01:20:48 7.7.3 iSS-Mannschaften/i
01:21:15 8 Foreign legions and volunteers
01:24:36 9 Ranks and uniforms
01:26:20 10 SS membership estimates 1925–45
01:27:00 11 SS offices
01:28:13 12 Austrian SS
01:30:51 13 Post-war activity and aftermath
01:32:52 13.1 International Military Tribunal at Nuremberg
01:35:14 13.2 Escapes
01:39:15 14 See also
01:39:37 15 Informational notes
01:39:46 16 Citations
01:39:56 17 Bibliography
01:40:05 18 Further reading
01:40:14 19 External links



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SUMMARY
=======
The Schutzstaffel (SS; also stylized as  with Armanen runes; German pronunciation: [ˈʃʊtsˌʃtafl̩] (listen); literally "Protection Squadron") was a major paramilitary organization under Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party (NSDAP) in Nazi Germany, and later throughout German-occupied Europe during World War II. It began with a small guard unit known as the Saal-Schutz ("Hall Security") made up of NSDAP volunteers to provide security for party meetings in Munich. In 1925, Heinrich Himmler joined the unit, which had by then been reformed and given its final name. Under his direction (1929–45) it grew from a small paramilitary formation to one of the most powerful organizations in Nazi Germany. From 1929 until the regime's collapse in 1945, the SS was the foremost agency of security, surveillance, and terror within Germany and German-occupied Europe.
The two main constituent groups were the Allgemeine SS (General SS) and Waffen-SS (Armed SS). The Allgemeine SS was responsible for enforcing the racial policy of Nazi Germany and general policing, whereas the Waffen-SS consisted of combat units within Nazi Germany's military. A third component of the SS, the SS-Totenkopfverbände (SS-TV), ran the concentration camps and extermination camps. Additional subdivisions of the SS included the Gestapo and the Sicherheitsdienst (SD) organizations. They were tasked with the detection of actual or potential enemies of the Nazi state, the neutralization of any opposition, policing the German people for their commitment to Nazi ideology, and providing domestic and foreign intelligence.
The SS was the organization most responsible for the genocidal killing of an estimated 5.5 to 6 million Jews and millions of other victims in the Holocaust. Members of all of its branches committed war crimes and crimes against humanity during World War II (1939–45). The SS was also involved in commercial enterprises and exploited concentration camp inmates as slave labor. After Nazi Germany's defeat, the SS and the NSDAP were judged by the International Military Tribunal at Nuremberg to be criminal organizations. Ernst Kaltenbrunner, the highest-ranking surviving SS main department chief, was found guilty of crimes against humanity at the Nuremberg trials and hanged in 1946.