Militia | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-10-05

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Militia


00:03:32 1 Etymology
00:04:30 2 Argentina
00:06:18 3 Armenia
00:06:49 4 Australia
00:08:12 5 Austria
00:10:11 6 Canada
00:15:07 7 China
00:16:16 8 Cuba
00:17:00 9 Denmark
00:18:16 10 Estonia
00:18:53 11 Finland
00:20:27 12 France
00:21:55 13 Germany
00:25:51 14 India
00:26:11 15 Iran
00:26:37 16 Iraq
00:27:32 17 Israel
00:28:27 18 Latvia
00:28:35 19 Libya
00:29:06 20 Mexico
00:35:30 21 New Zealand
00:36:35 22 North Korea
00:36:53 23 Norway
00:37:01 24 Pakistan
00:37:45 25 Philippines
00:38:09 26 Portugal
00:41:16 27 Russia and the Soviet Union
00:43:08 28 Sri Lanka
00:46:09 29 Sudan
00:46:41 30 Sweden
00:48:17 31 Switzerland
00:50:18 32 Syria
00:51:02 33 United Kingdom
00:51:11 33.1 Origins
00:51:58 33.2 16th and 17th centuries
00:53:47 33.3 Militia in the British Empire
00:58:24 33.4 Political issues
01:00:50 33.5 18th century and the Acts of Union
01:01:27 33.5.1 British Militia
01:02:38 33.5.2 Irish militia
01:03:18 33.5.3 Scottish militia
01:04:15 33.6 19th century
01:06:16 33.7 The Special Reserve
01:07:44 33.8 The militiamen
01:08:50 33.9 Modern survivals
01:09:30 33.10 Other British militias
01:10:37 33.11 The Troubles and Irish War of Independence
01:12:00 34 United States
01:16:35 34.1 19th century
01:18:55 34.2 20th century
01:22:02 34.3 21st century
01:23:00 34.3.1 Active militias
01:23:12 34.4 Texas
01:25:05 35 Vietnam
01:25:38 36 SFR Yugoslavia
01:26:32 37 See also



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SUMMARY
=======
A militia () is generally an army or some other fighting organization of non-professional soldiers, citizens of a nation, or subjects of a state, who can be called upon for military service during a time of need, as opposed to a professional force of regular, full-time military personnel, or historically, members of a warrior nobility class (e.g., knights or samurai). Generally unable to hold ground against regular forces, it is common for militias to be used for aiding regular troops by skirmishing, holding fortifications, or irregular warfare, instead of being used in offensive campaigns by themselves. Militia are often limited by local civilian laws to serve only in their home region, and to serve only for a limited time; this further reduces their use in long military campaigns.
With the emergence of professional forces (in the form of mercenaries whose livelihood was military service) during the Renaissance, Western European militias wilted; later however, they would be revived as part of Florentine civic humanism, which held that professional militaries were a result of corruption, and admired the Roman model. The civic humanist ideal of the militia was spread through Europe by the writings of Niccolò Machiavelli (According to Hörnqvist, The Prince, ch. 12 and 13, Discourses on Livy, and The Art of War.)
Beginning in the late 20th century, some militias (in particular officially recognized and sanctioned militias of a government) act as professional forces, while still being "part-time" or "on-call" organizations. For instance, the members of some U.S. Army National Guard units are considered professional soldiers, as they are trained to maintain the same standards as their "full-time" (active duty) counterparts.Militias thus can be military or paramilitary, depending on the instance. Some of the contexts in which the term "militia" is used include:

Forces engaged in defense activity or service, to protect a community, its territory, property, and laws.
The entire able-bodied population of a community, town, county, or state, available to be called to arms.
A subset of these who may be legally penalized for failing to respond to a call-up.
A subset of these who actually respond to a call-up, regardless of legal obligation.
A private, non-government force, not necessarily directly supported or sanc ...