Anatomy: Upper limb for spotting in OSPE/VIVA VOCE (1st Year MBBS)
Channel: Cool Concepts in Physiology, Anatomy (& Life)
Date: 2022-12-06

Dr. Abdullah reviews the common points asked on upper limb for spotting in OSPE/VIVA VOCE.
The upper limb is a complex anatomical region of the body consisting of various bones, muscles, nerves, blood vessels, and other structures. Here's an overview of the anatomy of the upper limb:

Bones:
Shoulder Girdle:
Clavicle (collarbone): S-shaped bone that connects the arm to the trunk.
Scapula (shoulder blade): Triangular bone situated on the posterior aspect of the thorax.
Arm:
Humerus: Long bone of the upper arm, extending from the shoulder to the elbow.
Forearm:
Radius: One of the two bones of the forearm, located on the lateral side (thumb side).
Ulna: The other bone of the forearm, situated on the medial side (pinky side).
Hand:
Carpals: Eight bones forming the wrist.
Metacarpals: Five long bones forming the palm of the hand.
Phalanges: Fourteen bones forming the fingers and thumb (three in each finger and two in the thumb).
Joints:
Shoulder Joint (Glenohumeral Joint): Ball-and-socket joint formed by the head of the humerus and the glenoid fossa of the scapula.
Elbow Joint: Hinge joint formed by the articulation of the humerus, radius, and ulna.
Radioulnar Joints: Proximal and distal joints allowing rotation of the forearm.
Wrist Joint (Radiocarpal Joint): Condylar joint between the radius and the carpal bones.
Carpometacarpal Joints: Joints between the carpals and metacarpals.
Metacarpophalangeal Joints: Joints between the metacarpals and the proximal phalanges.
Interphalangeal Joints: Joints between the phalanges.
Muscles:
Various muscles act on the upper limb, including:
Deltoid
Biceps brachii
Triceps brachii
Brachialis
Brachioradialis
Flexor and extensor muscles of the forearm
Intrinsic muscles of the hand (e.g., flexors, extensors, abductors, adductors, opponens)
Nerves:
Brachial Plexus: Network of nerves originating from the cervical and thoracic spinal nerves, supplying the upper limb.
Major nerves arising from the brachial plexus include the median nerve, ulnar nerve, and radial nerve.
Other nerves include the musculocutaneous nerve and various sensory nerves.
Blood Vessels:
Major arteries supplying the upper limb include the subclavian artery, axillary artery, brachial artery, radial artery, and ulnar artery.
Major veins include the subclavian vein, axillary vein, brachial vein, radial vein, and ulnar vein.

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