Bhikkhunī | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 12/05/2019

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhikkhun%C4%AB


00:01:58 1 History
00:05:24 1.1 The Eight Garudharmas
00:09:38 2 Becoming a Bhikkhuni
00:10:20 2.1 The Fourteen Precepts of the Order of Interbeing
00:11:34 3 Gelongma
00:13:19 4 Tradition in South and East Asia
00:14:35 5 In Theravada Buddhism
00:18:24 6 Re-establishing Bhikkhuni Ordination
00:27:13 6.1 Concerns about lineage and legitimacy
00:28:13 6.1.1 Defense against criticism
00:29:02 7 Recent developments
00:29:13 7.1 America
00:36:45 7.2 Australia
00:37:30 7.3 Burma
00:38:06 7.4 Germany
00:38:43 7.5 Indonesia
00:39:26 7.6 Sri Lanka
00:40:47 7.7 Thailand
00:42:56 7.8 Tibetan tradition
00:49:08 8 Discriminating against nuns
00:50:52 9 Family
00:51:13 10 Poems
00:51:34 11 See also



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SUMMARY
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A bhikkhunī (Pali) or bhikṣuṇī (Sanskrit) is a fully ordained female monastic in Buddhism. Male monastics are called bhikkhus. Both bhikkhunis and bhikkhus live by the Vinaya, a set of rules. Until recently, the lineages of female monastics only remained in Mahayana Buddhism and thus are prevalent in countries such as China, Korea, Taiwan and Vietnam but a few women have taken the full monastic vows in the Theravada and Vajrayana schools over the last decade. From conservative perspectives, none of the contemporary bhikkuni ordinations are valid.In Buddhism, women are as capable of reaching nirvana as men. According to Buddhist scriptures, the order of bhikkhunis was first created by the Buddha at the specific request of his aunt and foster-mother Mahapajapati Gotami, who became the first ordained bhikkhuni.  A famous work of the early Buddhist schools is the Therigatha, a collection of poems by elder nuns about enlightenment that was preserved in the Pāli Canon.
Bhikkhunis are required to take extra vows, the Eight Garudhammas, and are subordinate to and reliant upon the bhikkhu order. In places where the bhikkhuni lineage was historically missing or has died out, due to hardship, alternative forms of renunciation have developed. In Tibetan Buddhism, women officially take the vows of śrāmaṇerīs (novitiates); Theravadin women may choose to take an informal and limited set of vows similar to the historical vows of the sāmaṇerī, like the maechi of Thailand and thilashin of Myanmar.