Electric surface potential | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 29/06/2019

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double_layer_(surface_science)


00:01:45 1 Development of the (interfacial) double layer
00:01:56 1.1 Helmholtz
00:03:18 1.2 Gouy-Chapman
00:04:03 1.3 Stern
00:04:58 1.4 Grahame
00:05:58 1.5 Bockris/Devanathan/Müller (BDM)
00:07:05 1.6 Trasatti/Buzzanca
00:07:46 1.7 Conway
00:08:51 1.8 Marcus
00:09:48 2 Mathematical description
00:16:22 3 Electrical double layers
00:17:20 3.1 Differential capacitance
00:18:02 4 See also



Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.

Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain

Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.

Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:
https://assistant.google.com/services/invoke/uid/0000001a130b3f91
Other Wikipedia audio articles at:
https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=wikipedia+tts
Upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
https://github.com/nodef/wikipedia-tts
Speaking Rate: 0.9078008326688131
Voice name: en-AU-Wavenet-A


"I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think."
- Socrates


SUMMARY
=======
A double layer (DL, also called an electrical double layer, EDL) is a structure that appears on the surface of an object when it is exposed to a fluid. The object might be a solid particle, a gas bubble, a liquid droplet, or a porous body. The DL refers to two parallel layers of charge surrounding the object. The first layer, the surface charge (either positive or negative), consists of ions adsorbed onto the object due to chemical interactions.   The second layer is composed of ions attracted to the surface charge via the Coulomb force, electrically screening the first layer. This second layer is loosely associated with the object. It is made of free ions that move in the fluid under the influence of electric attraction and thermal motion rather than being firmly anchored.  It is thus called the "diffuse layer".
Interfacial DLs are most apparent in systems with a large surface area to volume ratio, such as a colloid or porous bodies with particles or pores (respectively) on the scale of micrometres to nanometres. However, DLs are important to other phenomena, such as the electrochemical behaviour of electrodes.
DLs play a fundamental role in many everyday substances. For instance, homogenized milk exists only because fat droplets are covered with a DL that prevents their coagulation into butter. DLs exist in practically all heterogeneous fluid-based systems, such as blood, paint, ink and ceramic and cement slurry.
The DL is closely related to electrokinetic phenomena and electroacoustic phenomena.