1982 Lebanon War | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2018-12-03

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
1982 Lebanon War


00:03:16 1 Background
00:03:25 1.1 Relocation of PLO from Jordan to South Lebanon
00:04:38 1.2 Lebanese Civil War
00:04:47 1.2.1 Incidents 1975–1980
00:07:30 1.2.2 1981 events and cease-fire
00:14:07 1.2.3 Immediate causes
00:24:32 2 Timeline
00:24:41 2.1 Invasion
00:26:29 2.2 Advance on Beirut
00:40:26 2.3 Battles of the Beirut-Damascus highway
00:43:13 2.4 Siege of Beirut
00:45:02 2.5 Further conflict and Israeli withdrawal
00:47:52 3 Military analysis
00:50:28 4 Final accords
00:52:36 5 Opposing forces
00:53:20 5.1 Israel
00:55:00 5.2 Syria
00:55:57 5.3 Lebanon
00:56:05 5.3.1 Armed Forces
00:57:12 5.3.2 Security forces
00:57:27 5.4 Palestinians
00:57:36 5.4.1 PLO
01:00:16 5.4.2 Non-PLO Palestinian groups
01:01:44 5.5 Paramilitary forces
01:01:53 5.5.1 Right wing
01:02:52 5.5.2 Left wing
01:04:25 5.5.3 Religious
01:04:33 5.5.3.1 Christian
01:05:10 5.5.3.2 Muslim
01:06:32 5.6 UNIFIL
01:07:36 6 Outcome of the war
01:07:46 6.1 Casualties
01:07:54 6.1.1 Lebanese, Palestinian, and Syrian casualties
01:11:24 6.1.2 Israeli casualties
01:12:25 6.2 Security buffer zone and Syrian occupation
01:13:53 6.3 Relocation of PLO
01:14:44 6.4 Political results for Israel
01:16:24 6.5 Political outcome for Lebanon
01:17:54 6.6 Cold War perspective
01:18:36 6.7 Long-term consequences
01:19:55 6.8 Other consequences
01:20:59 7 Investigation into violation of international law
01:23:45 8 In cinema
01:24:09 9 Footnotes
01:24:18 10 See also



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SUMMARY
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The 1982 Lebanon War, dubbed Operation Peace for Galilee (Hebrew: מבצע שלום הגליל, or מבצע של"ג‎ Mivtsa Shlom HaGalil or Mivtsa Sheleg) by the Israeli government, later known in Israel as the Lebanon War or the First Lebanon War (Hebrew: מלחמת לבנון הראשונה‎, Milhemet Levanon Harishona), and known in Lebanon as "the invasion" (Arabic: الاجتياح‎, Al-ijtiyāḥ), began on 6 June 1982, when the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) invaded southern Lebanon, after repeated attacks and counter-attacks between the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) operating in southern Lebanon and the IDF that had caused civilian casualties on both sides of the border. The military operation was launched after gunmen from Abu Nidal's organization attempted to assassinate Shlomo Argov, Israel's ambassador to the United Kingdom. Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin blamed Abu Nidal's enemy, the PLO, for the incident, and treated the incident as a casus belli for the invasion.After attacking the PLO – as well as Syrian, leftist, and Muslim Lebanese forces – the Israeli military, in cooperation with the Maronite allies and the self-proclaimed Free Lebanon State, occupied southern Lebanon, eventually surrounding the PLO and elements of the Syrian Army. Surrounded in West Beirut and subjected to heavy bombardment, the PLO forces and their allies negotiated passage from Lebanon with the aid of United States Special Envoy Philip Habib and the protection of international peacekeepers. The PLO, under the chairmanship of Yasser Arafat, had relocated its headquarters to Tripoli in June 1982. By expelling the PLO, removing Syrian influence over Lebanon, and installing a pro-Israeli Christian government led by President Bachir Gemayel, Israel hoped to sign a treaty which Menachem Begin promised would give Israel "forty years of peace".Following the assassination of Gemayel in September 1982, Israel's position in Beirut became untenable and the signing of a peace treaty became increasingly unlikely. Outrage following Israel's role in the Phalangist-perpetrated Sabra and Shatila massacre, of mostly Palestinians and Lebanese Shiites, and Israeli popular disillusionment with the war would lead to a gradual withdrawal from Beirut to the areas claimed by the self-proclaimed Free Lebanon State in southern Lebanon (later to become the South Lebanon security belt), which was initiated following the 17 May Agreement and Syria's change ...