British Army during World War I | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-06-13

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Army_during_World_War_I


00:03:46 1 Organization
00:11:54 2 British Expeditionary Force
00:14:03 3 Recruitment and conscription
00:17:46 4 Commanders
00:24:52 4.1 Officer selection
00:29:33 5 Doctrine
00:33:14 5.1 Weapons
00:36:11 5.2 Infantry tactics
00:39:09 5.3 Tank tactics
00:41:13 5.4 Artillery tactics
00:46:54 5.5 Communications
00:49:52 5.6 Royal Flying Corps
00:52:41 5.7 Corps of Royal Engineers
00:54:30 5.8 Machine Gun Corps
00:55:34 5.9 Tank Corps
00:57:56 5.10 Army Service Corps
00:58:53 5.11 Royal Army Medical Corps
00:59:35 6 Life in the trenches
01:02:07 6.1 Daily routine
01:03:44 6.2 Moving into the front line
01:05:03 7 Discipline
01:05:12 7.1 Legal authority
01:06:07 7.2 Lesser offences
01:07:49 7.3 Courts martial
01:10:43 7.4 Executions
01:15:18 7.5 Shell shock and pardons
01:17:38 7.6 Other discipline
01:19:02 7.7 Positive motivation
01:20:21 8 Western Front
01:27:39 9 Other campaigns
01:27:49 9.1 Ireland
01:29:21 9.2 Salonika
01:30:40 9.3 Italy
01:31:56 9.4 China
01:32:46 9.5 East Africa
01:34:04 9.6 Gallipoli
01:35:57 9.7 Mesopotamia
01:38:09 9.8 Sinai and Palestine
01:41:21 9.9 Persia
01:42:16 9.10 Fighting the Senussi Arabs
01:43:15 10 Aftermath
01:46:31 11 Notes
01:46:40 12 Footnotes
01:46:49 13 Further reading
01:46:59 14 External links



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SUMMARY
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The British Army during World War I fought the largest and most costly war in its long history. Unlike the French and German Armies, the British Army was made up exclusively of volunteers—as opposed to conscripts—at the beginning of the conflict. Furthermore, the British Army was considerably smaller than its French and German counterparts.

During World War I, there were four distinct British armies. The first comprised approximately 247,000 soldiers of the regular army, over half of which were posted overseas to garrison the British Empire, supported by some 210,000 reserves and a potential 60,000 additional reserves. This component formed the backbone of the British Expeditionary Force (BEF), which was formed for service in France and became known as the Old Contemptibles. The second army was provided by the approximately 246,000-strong Territorial Force, initially allocated to home defence but used to reinforce the BEF after the regular army suffered heavy losses in the opening battles of the war. The third army was Kitchener's Army, comprising men who answered Lord Kitchener's call for volunteers in 1914–1915 and which went into action at the Battle of the Somme in 1916. The fourth army was the reinforcement of existing formations with conscripts after the introduction of compulsory service in January 1916. By the end of 1918, the British Army had reached its maximum strength of 3,820,000 men and could field over 70 divisions. The vast majority of the British Army fought in the main theatre of war on the Western Front in France and Belgium against the German Empire. Some units were engaged in Italy and Salonika against Austria-Hungary and the Bulgarian Army, while other units fought in the Middle East, Africa and Mesopotamia—mainly against the Ottoman Empire—and one battalion fought alongside the Japanese Army in China during the Siege of Tsingtao.
The war also posed problems for the army commanders, given that, prior to 1914, the largest formation any serving General in the BEF had commanded on operations was a division. The expansion of the British Army saw some officers promoted from brigade to corps commander in less than a year. Army commanders also had to cope with the new tactics and weapons that were developed. With the move from manoeuvre to trench warfare, both the infantry and the artillery had to learn how to work together. During an offensive, and when in defence, they learned how to combine forc ...