Tribunal | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 04/10/2019

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tribunal


00:01:37 1 Republic of Ireland
00:02:46 2 United Kingdom
00:03:17 3 Netherlands
00:04:11 4 Belgium
00:04:39 5 India
00:05:33 6 Hong Kong
00:06:01 7 Catholic Church
00:08:04 8 Australia
00:10:08 9 United States
00:10:43 10 Bangladesh
00:11:25 11 Canada
00:11:54 12 In health sector
00:12:42 13 See also



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SUMMARY
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A tribunal, generally, is any person or institution with authority to judge, adjudicate on, or determine claims or disputes—whether or not it is called a tribunal in its title.
For example, an advocate who appears before a court with a single judge could describe that judge as 'their tribunal'. Many governmental bodies that are titled 'tribunals' are so described to emphasize that they are not courts of normal jurisdiction. For example, the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda is a body specially constituted under international law; in Great Britain, employment tribunals are bodies set up to hear specific employment disputes. In many (but not all) cases, the word tribunal implies a judicial (or quasi-judicial) body with a lesser degree of formality than a court, to which the normal rules of evidence and procedure may not apply, and whose presiding officers are frequently neither judges nor magistrates. Private judicial bodies are also often styled 'tribunals'. However, the word tribunal is not conclusive of a body's function–for example, in Great Britain, the Employment Appeal Tribunal is a superior court of record.
The term is derived from the tribunes, magistrates  of the Classical Roman Republic. "Tribunal" originally referred to the office of the tribunes, and the term is still sometimes used in this sense in historical writings.The tribunal was the platform upon which the presiding authority sat; having a raised position physically as symbolic of his higher position in regard to the adjudication of the law.