Iran–Iraq War | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-05-06

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Iraq_War


00:02:37 1 Terminology
00:03:48 2 Background
00:03:58 2.1 Iran–Iraq relations
00:04:52 2.2 After the Iranian Revolution
00:08:43 2.3 Iraqi preparations
00:10:44 2.4 Iranian preparations
00:15:04 2.5 Border conflicts leading to war
00:16:52 3 Course of the war
00:17:02 3.1 1980: Iraqi invasion
00:23:18 3.1.1 First Battle of Khorramshahr
00:25:12 3.1.2 Iraqi advance stalls
00:27:23 3.2 1981: Stalemate
00:28:51 3.2.1 Battle of Dezful
00:32:01 3.2.2 Attack on H3
00:33:48 3.2.3 Introduction of the human wave attack
00:37:16 3.2.4 Operation Eighth Imam
00:38:25 3.2.5 Operation Tariq al-Qods
00:39:55 3.3 1982: Iraqi retreat, Iranian offensive
00:41:12 3.3.1 Operation Undeniable Victory
00:43:11 3.3.2 Operation Beit ol-Moqaddas
00:45:36 3.3.2.1 Liberation of Khorramshahr (Second Battle of Khorramshahr)
00:46:56 3.3.3 State of Iraqi armed forces
00:49:20 3.3.4 International response in 1982
00:55:09 3.3.5 Ceasefire proposal
00:58:25 3.3.6 Iran invades Iraq
00:58:34 3.3.6.1 Iraqi tactics against Iranian invasion
01:02:29 3.3.6.2 Operation Ramadan (First Battle of Basra)
01:06:56 3.3.6.3 Fighting during the rest of 1982
01:09:02 3.4 1983–84: Strategic stalemate and war of attrition
01:10:42 3.4.1 Operation Before the Dawn
01:12:39 3.4.2 Dawn Operations
01:16:44 3.4.3 Iran's change in tactics
01:20:28 3.4.4 Battle of the Marshes
01:25:16 3.4.5 "Tanker War" and the "War of the Cities"
01:25:57 3.4.5.1 Attacks on shipping
01:31:43 3.4.5.2 Attacks on cities
01:35:45 3.4.6 Strategic situation in 1984
01:37:03 3.5 1985–86: Offensives and retreats
01:38:54 3.5.1 Operation Badr
01:42:13 3.5.2 Strategic situation at the beginning of 1986
01:46:09 3.5.3 First Battle of al-Faw
01:49:33 3.5.4 Battle of Mehran
01:51:28 3.5.5 Strategic situation at the end of 1986
01:55:07 3.5.5.1 Iraq's dynamic defense strategy
01:59:06 3.6 1987–88: Towards a ceasefire
02:00:53 3.6.1 Karbala operations
02:01:02 3.6.1.1 Operation Karbala-4
02:02:21 3.6.1.2 Operation Karbala-5 (Sixth Battle of Basra)
02:03:11 3.6.1.3 Operation Karbala-6
02:04:15 3.6.2 Iranian war-weariness
02:08:17 3.6.2.1 Strategic situation in late 1987
02:11:16 3.6.2.2 Air and tanker war in 1987
02:17:46 3.6.3 1988: Iraqi offensives and UN ceasefire
02:19:44 3.6.3.1 Iran's Kurdistan Operations
02:22:34 3.6.3.2 Second Battle of al-Faw
02:25:09 3.6.3.3 Operation Praying Mantis
02:26:05 3.6.3.4 Iranian counteroffensive
02:27:07 3.6.3.5 Operation Forty Stars
02:27:58 3.6.3.6 Tawakalna ala Allah operations
02:32:20 3.6.3.7 Iran accepts the ceasefire
02:36:39 3.6.4 Operation Mersad and end of the war
02:42:12 4 Aftermath
02:46:17 4.1 Peace talks and postwar situation
02:54:38 4.2 Economic situation
02:57:05 4.3 Science and technology
02:58:31 5 Domestic situation
02:58:42 5.1 Iraq
03:01:14 5.1.1 Gaining civilian support
03:03:17 5.2 Iran
03:05:08 5.2.1 Civil unrest
03:06:44 5.2.2 Economy
03:10:09 6 Comparison of Iraqi and Iranian military strength
03:11:48 7 Foreign support to Iraq and Iran
03:16:34 7.1 Iraq
03:19:15 7.1.1 Financial support
03:20:51 7.2 Iran
03:22:24 7.3 Both countries
03:24:26 8 U.S. involvement
03:25:09 8.1 U.S. embargo
03:27:20 8.2 Iraqi attack on U.S. warship
03:28:57 8.3 U.S. military actions toward Iran
03:30:40 8.3.1 U.S. shoots down civilian airliner
03:32:07 9 Iraq's use of chemical weapons
03:38:14 10 Differences from other conflicts
03:45:06 11 Iran and Iraq's Modern Relationship



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SUMMARY
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The Iran–Iraq War was an armed conflict between Iran and Iraq, beginning on 22 September 1980, when Iraq invaded Iran, and ending on 20 August 1988, when Iran accepted the UN-brokered ceasefire. Iraq wanted to replace Iran as the dominant Persian Gulf state, and was worried that the 1979 Iranian Revolution would lead Iraq's Shi'ite ...