Artillery | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-05-07

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artillery


00:04:03 1 Artillery piece
00:07:34 2 Crew
00:12:15 3 Etymology
00:13:19 4 History
00:13:46 4.1 Invention of gunpowder
00:15:45 4.2 Expansion of artillery use
00:21:18 4.3 Smoothbores
00:27:36 4.4 Napoleonic artillery
00:28:56 4.5 Modern artillery
00:34:52 4.5.1 Indirect fire
00:42:16 4.6 Precision-guided artillery
00:45:20 5 Ammunition
00:46:07 5.1 Fuzes
00:53:08 5.2 Projectiles
00:55:20 5.3 Stabilization
00:57:05 5.4 Propellant
01:03:06 6 Field artillery system
01:05:35 6.1 Logistics
01:06:57 7 Classification of artillery
01:07:20 7.1 Types of ordnance
01:11:42 7.2 Organizational types
01:16:46 7.3 Equipment types
01:25:13 7.4 Caliber categories
01:26:02 8 Modern operations
01:31:11 8.1 Application of fire
01:40:07 8.2 Counter-battery fire
01:43:04 8.3 Field artillery team
01:46:40 8.4 Time on Target
01:48:12 8.5 MRSI
01:52:36 8.6 Air burst
01:54:46 9 Use in monuments



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SUMMARY
=======
Artillery is a class of heavy military ranged weapons built to launch  munitions far beyond the range and power of infantry's small arms.  Early artillery development focused on the ability to breach defensive walls and fortifications during sieges, and led to heavy, fairly immobile siege engines.  As technology improved, lighter, more mobile field artillery cannons developed for battlefield use.  This development continues today; modern self-propelled artillery vehicles are highly mobile weapons of great versatility providing the large share of an army's total firepower.
In its earliest sense, the word artillery referred to any group of soldiers primarily armed with some form of manufactured weapon or armour. Since the introduction of gunpowder and cannon, the word "artillery" has largely meant cannon, and in contemporary usage, it usually refers to shell-firing guns, howitzers, mortars, and rocket artillery. In common speech, the word artillery is often used to refer to individual devices, along with their accessories and fittings, although these assemblages are more properly called "equipments". However, there is no generally recognised generic term for a gun, howitzer, mortar, and so forth: the United States uses "artillery piece", but most English-speaking armies use "gun" and "mortar". The projectiles fired are typically either "shot" (if solid) or "shell" (if not). "Shell" is a widely used generic term for a projectile, which is a component of munitions.
By association, artillery may also refer to the arm of service that customarily operates such engines.  In some armies one arm has operated field, coastal, anti-aircraft artillery and anti-tank artillery, in others these have been separate arms and in some nations coastal has been a naval or marine responsibility. In the 20th century technology based target acquisition devices, such as radar, and systems, such as sound ranging and flash spotting, emerged to acquire targets, primarily for artillery.  These are usually operated by one or more of the artillery arms.  The widespread adoption of indirect fire in the early 20th century introduced the need for specialist data for field artillery, notably survey and meteorological, in some armies provision of these are the responsibility of the artillery arm.
Artillery originated for use against ground targets—against infantry, cavalry and other artillery.  An early specialist development was coastal artillery for use against enemy ships.  The early 20th century saw the development of a new class of artillery for use against aircraft: anti-aircraft guns.
Artillery is arguably the most lethal form of land-based armament currently employed, and has been since at least the early Industrial Revolution. The majority of combat deaths in the Napoleonic Wars, World War I, and World War II were caused by artillery. In 1 ...