Bio-MEMS | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-06-06

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bio-MEMS


00:02:08 1 History
00:06:20 2 Approaches
00:06:29 2.1 Materials
00:06:38 2.1.1 Silicon and glass
00:07:53 2.1.2 Plastics and polymers
00:09:26 2.1.3 Biological materials
00:10:49 2.1.4 Paper
00:13:26 2.2 Electrokinetics
00:15:25 2.3 Microfluidics
00:18:23 2.3.1 BioMEMs Flow Control
00:18:55 2.3.1.1 Quake Valves
00:20:12 2.3.1.2 Ice Valves
00:21:27 2.3.1.3 Prefabricated Valves
00:22:35 2.3.2 Micro-scale Mixing
00:23:04 2.3.2.1 Sonication Mixing Elements
00:23:54 2.3.2.2 Passive Mixing Elements
00:24:39 3 Bio-MEMS as Miniaturized Biosensors
00:25:41 3.1 Micromechanical sensors
00:28:44 3.2 Electrical and electrochemical sensors
00:30:36 3.3 Optical sensors
00:32:28 4 Bio-MEMS for diagnostics
00:32:39 4.1 Genomic and proteomic microarrays
00:33:42 4.1.1 Oligonucleotide chips
00:35:43 4.1.2 cDNA microarray
00:37:29 4.1.3 Peptide and protein microarrays
00:40:37 4.2 PCR chips
00:44:59 4.3 Point-of-care-diagnostic devices
00:46:04 4.3.1 Sample conditioning
00:48:53 4.3.2 Sample fractionation
00:49:52 4.3.3 Outstanding Challenges
00:51:44 5 Bio-MEMS in tissue engineering
00:51:55 5.1 Cell culture
00:56:50 5.2 Stem-cell engineering
00:58:07 5.2.1 Biochemical factors
00:59:41 5.2.2 Fluid shear stress
01:00:45 5.2.3 Cell–ECM interactions
01:02:25 5.2.4 Cell–cell interactions
01:04:09 5.2.5 Embryoid body formation and organization
01:05:11 5.3 Assisted reproductive technologies
01:06:25 6 Bio-MEMS in medical implants and surgery
01:06:38 6.1 Implantable microelectrodes
01:09:14 6.2 Microtools for surgery
01:10:28 6.3 Drug delivery



Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.

Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain

Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.

Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:
https://assistant.google.com/services/invoke/uid/0000001a130b3f91
Other Wikipedia audio articles at:
https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=wikipedia+tts
Upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
https://github.com/nodef/wikipedia-tts
Speaking Rate: 0.7138317421965935
Voice name: en-AU-Wavenet-A


"I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think."
- Socrates


SUMMARY
=======
Bio-MEMS is an abbreviation for biomedical (or biological) microelectromechanical systems. Bio-MEMS have considerable overlap, and is sometimes considered synonymous, with lab-on-a-chip (LOC) and micro total analysis systems (μTAS). Bio-MEMS is typically more focused on mechanical parts and microfabrication technologies made suitable for biological applications. On the other hand, lab-on-a-chip is concerned with miniaturization and integration of laboratory processes and experiments into single (often microfluidic) chips. In this definition, lab-on-a-chip devices do not strictly have biological applications, although most do or are amenable to be adapted for biological purposes. Similarly, micro total analysis systems may not have biological applications in mind, and are usually dedicated to chemical analysis. A broad definition for bio-MEMS can be used to refer to the science and technology of operating at the microscale for biological and biomedical applications, which may or may not include any electronic or mechanical functions. The interdisciplinary nature of bio-MEMS combines material sciences, clinical sciences, medicine, surgery, electrical engineering, mechanical engineering, optical engineering, chemical engineering, and biomedical engineering. Some of its major applications include genomics, proteomics, molecular diagnostics, point-of-care diagnostics, tissue engineering, single cell analysis and implantable microdevices.