Geo Engineering with Carbon Black – What is it - Who is using it today and Why?
Channel: sherri99516
Date: 03/04/2016

Apr 1, 2016 Climate Change with Geo Engineering with Carbon Black  What is it and How is it being used: Article: http://wp.me/p2FjTj-6BN

SEE PDF report: “Practicality of stratospheric geoengineering with 2 black carbon aerosols” by Ben Kravitz and Alan Robock.  Ben Kravitz, Department of Global Ecology, Carnegie Institution for Science and corresponding Author Alan Robock of the  Department of Environmental Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA. D R A F T August 21, 2011. http://climate.envsci.rutgers.edu/pdf/SootPracticality.pdf

SEE maps & posters: Stratospheric Geoengineering with Black Carbon Aerosols - http://www.wcrp-climate.org/conference2011/posters/C45/C45_Kravitz_TH185A.pdf

SEE Nasa: Publication Abstracts
http://pubs.giss.nasa.gov/abs/kr03000u.html  Kravitz et al. 2012
Kravitz, B., A. Robock, D.T. Shindell, and M.A. Miller, 2012: Sensitivity of stratospheric geoengineering with black carbon to aerosol size and altitude of injection. J. Geophys. Res., 117, D09203, doi:10.1029/2011JD017341.
Simulations of stratospheric geoengineering with black carbon (BC) aerosols using a general circulation model with fixed sea surface temperatures show that the climate effects strongly depend on aerosol size and altitude of injection. 1 Tg BC a-1injected into the lower stratosphere would cause little surface cooling for large radii but a large amount of surface cooling for small radii and stratospheric warming of over 60°C. With the exception of small particles, increasing the altitude of injection increases surface cooling and stratospheric warming. Stratospheric warming causes global ozone loss by up to 50% in the small radius case. The Antarctic shows less ozone loss due to reduction of polar stratospheric clouds, but strong circumpolar winds would enhance the Arctic ozone hole. Using diesel fuel to produce the aerosols is likely prohibitively expensive and infeasible. Although studying an absorbing aerosol is a useful counterpart to previous studies involving sulfate aerosols, black carbon geoengineering likely carries too many risks to make it a viable option for deployment.
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SEE Research article March 4, 2016: Climatic impacts of stratospheric geoengineering with sulfate, black carbon and titania injection.  http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/16/2843/2016/

SEE excerpt: http://www.ucsusa.org/global_warming/science_and_impacts/science/aerosols-and-global-warming-faq.html#.VwBko5wrJkg
Can climate engineering with aerosols save us from global warming?  Because global warming is such a serious threat, some scientists and engineers have explored the idea of harnessing the reflective power of some aerosol particles to temporarily combat global warming while non fossil fuel energy sources are being more fully developed. The idea is to artificially increase the concentrations of ‘white’ atmospheric aerosol particles above the surface of the ocean and/or in the lower stratosphere in order to reflect more of the sun’s energy away from Earth. The field of climate engineering (so-called ‘geoengineering’), still in its infancy, has the potential to buy us some time in the attempt to maintain relatively slow warming rates. However, experimentation with our very complex climate system by dramatically increasing reflecting aerosols carries with it the potential for large unintended, and potentially dangerous side effects on ecosystems, agriculture, and human health. In particular, the human health consequences associated with further increases in particulate pollution are a grave concern. For example, efforts are underway to reduce harmful black carbon emissions in developing countries through improved cook stoves to improve human health as well as curb global warming.[3]
Reference [3] [3] Ramanathan, V. and G. Carmichael. 2008. Global and regional climate changes due to black carbon. Nature Geoscience 1: 221-227.


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