The funeral of italian anarchist Giuseppe (Pino) Pinelli killed by cops (Milan, 15 December 1969)
Channel: Perseus999
Date: 2020-12-15

Giuseppe Pinelli, nicknamed Pino - Born 21 October 1928 in Milan, Italy, killed 15 December 1969 in Milan, Italy.

Giuseppe Pinelli was born 21st October 1928 in the working class neighbourhood of Porta Ticinese in Milan. He worked from a young age as an errand boy, and then later as a warehouse worker. In 1944-45 as a teenager he operated as a courier for an anarchist partisan group operating in the Milan area. Despite having to work at an early age he managed to educate himself by reading hundreds of books.

Mario Mantovani had set up the paper Il Libertario, organ of the Federazione Comunista Libertaria Lombarde in 1945 in Milan and managed to gather together some of the surviving old comrades. Il Libertario appeared at first as a weekly and then as a bimonthly up to 1961. Giuseppe was one of a handful of young people who gravitated towards the grouping.

In 1954 Giuseppe got employment on the railways as a fitter. The following year he married Licia Rognini, who he had met on an Esperanto evening course.

The 1960s saw the steady growth of the Milanese anarchist movement, which accelerated after 1968. This was in no small way due to Giuseppe who organised young anarchists in the Gioventu Libertaria (Libertarian Youth) in 1963. Two years later he was one of those who founded the Sacco and Vanzetti Circle who found themselves a local centre which remained open for the next decade. In 1968 with the end of that circle he founded the Ponte della Ghisolfa Circle (named after the nearby bridge) on 1st May. The group organised a series of conferences and student meetings and assemblies. The circle and Pino were also involved in some of the first initiatives around the base union CUB. Pino also worked for the reconstruction of the anarcho-syndicalist union USI.

He organised the library of the circle making sure the hundreds of books were all bound in black, classified and arranged. On Sundays the circle’s centre welcomed the older comrades, some aged 90 and some even older!

On 25th April 1969 fascists initiated a series of bomb attacks as part of the Strategy of Tension which involved the manipulation of the Italian secret services working together with the American CIA. Some Milanese anarchists were arrested for this as part of a scheme to discredit the revolutionary movement. Pino organised support for the imprisoned anarchists (who were finally acquitted in June 1971). He brought food parcels, clothing and books to the prison gates. At the same time he began to organise the Crocenera Anarchica (Anarchist Black Cross) as a prisoner support and counter-information network.

Pino had attracted the attention of the police and in the aftermath of the December 1969 bombing at Piazza Fontana (where 16 people were killed by fascists) he was arrested and taken to the central police station to be interrogated by Calabresi and his henchmen. On the evening of 15th December he "fell" from the 4th floor of the police station. The police maintained that he accidentally went through the window of his own accord, but the official story was so full of holes an entire play was written by Dario Fo debunking it.

The state murder of Pinelli set off a wave of protest. 1.000 people attended his funeral on 20 December 1969. Later Nobel Prize-winner Dario Fo wrote his play Accidental Death of An Anarchist about Pinelli’s murder.

Three policemen, who were interrogating Pinelli, including Commissioner Luigi Calabresi, were put on trial for his death, but his death was ruled to be an accident. Calabresi was himself mysteriously gunned down in the street a few years later. 

In 2001 a new investigation found 3 members of a Neo Fascist group responsible for the bombing that Giuseppe Pinelli had been detained for. 

"The ballad of Pinelli" Ballad you hear in the video is a song that tells the truth about what happened the night Pinelli died.

--- Lyrics ---

That evening it was hot in Milan
how hot, how hot it was,
"Brigadiere, open the window!",
a push ... and Pinelli goes down.
"Mr. questor, I told you already,
I am repeating that I am innocent,
anarchy does not mean bombs,
but equality in liberty".
"No more humbug, confess, Pinelli,
your friend Valpreda talked,
he is the author of this bombing,
and you certainly are the accomplice".
"Impossible!", shouts Pinelli,
"A comrade couldn't possibly do that
and the author of this crime,
must be sought among the masters".
"Watch out, suspect Pinelli,
this room is already full of smoke,
if you persist, we'll open the window,
four floors are hard to do".
There's a coffin and 3,000 comrades,
we were clasping our flags,
that night we swore,
it won't end this way.
And you Guida, you Calabresi,
if a comrade was killed,
to cover a State slaughter,
this fight will just get harder.
That evening it was hot in Milan
how hot, how hot it was,
"Brigadiere, open the window!",
a push ... and Pinelli goes down.

[Song by Almudena Rubio and Davide Cristiani performed at Museo Cobra as "La ballata del Pinelli"]