Presidency of James K. Polk | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2018-12-04

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Presidency of James K. Polk


00:02:35 1 1844 election
00:06:50 2 Inauguration
00:08:47 3 Administration
00:08:56 3.1 Cabinet
00:11:29 3.2 Goals
00:12:12 4 Judicial appointments
00:13:57 5 Foreign affairs
00:14:07 5.1 Annexation of Texas
00:16:12 5.2 Partition of Oregon Country
00:16:22 5.2.1 Background
00:17:29 5.2.2 Partition
00:20:38 5.3 Mexican–American War
00:20:47 5.3.1 Background
00:23:08 5.3.2 Outbreak of war
00:26:49 5.3.3 Early war
00:29:45 5.3.4 Growing domestic resistance
00:31:27 5.3.5 Late war
00:34:41 5.3.6 Peace: the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
00:38:05 5.3.7 Postwar and the territories
00:40:13 5.4 Other initiatives
00:42:07 6 Domestic affairs
00:42:16 6.1 Tariff reduction
00:44:35 6.2 Banking policy
00:46:09 6.3 Opposition to internal improvements bills
00:47:37 6.4 Other domestic issues
00:47:46 6.4.1 Slavery
00:48:43 6.4.2 California Gold Rush
00:49:46 6.4.3 Department of the Interior
00:50:26 6.4.4 States admitted to the Union
00:50:50 7 1848 election
00:54:17 8 Historical reputation



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SUMMARY
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The presidency of James K. Polk began on March 4, 1845, when James K. Polk was inaugurated as President of the United States, and ended on March 4, 1849. He was a Democrat, and assumed office after defeating Whig Henry Clay in the 1844 presidential election. Polk left office after one term, fulfilling a campaign pledge he made in 1844, and he was succeeded by Whig Zachary Taylor. A close ally of Andrew Jackson, Polk's presidency reflected his adherence to the ideals of Jacksonian democracy and manifest destiny.
Polk is often considered the last strong pre-Civil War president, having met during his four years in office every major domestic and foreign policy goal set during his campaign and the transition to his administration. Polk's presidency was particularly influential in U.S. foreign policy, and his presidency saw the last major expansions of the Contiguous United States. When Mexico rejected the U.S. annexation of Texas, Polk achieved a sweeping victory in the Mexican–American War, which resulted in the cession by Mexico of nearly the whole of what is now the American Southwest. He threatened war with the United Kingdom over control of the Oregon Country, eventually reaching an agreement in which both nations agreed to partition the region at the 49th parallel.
Polk also accomplished his goals in domestic policy. He ensured a substantial reduction of tariff rates by replacing the "Black Tariff" with the Walker tariff of 1846, which pleased the less-industrialized states of his native South by rendering less expensive both imported and, through competition, domestic goods. Additionally, he built an independent treasury system that lasted until 1913, oversaw the opening of the U.S. Naval Academy and of the Smithsonian Institution, the groundbreaking for the Washington Monument, and the issuance of the first United States postage stamp.
Polk did not closely involve himself in the 1848 presidential election, but his actions strongly affected the race. General Zachary Taylor, who had served in the Mexican–American War, won the Whig presidential nomination and defeated Polk's preferred candidate, Democratic Senator Lewis Cass. Scholars have ranked Polk favorably on lists of greatest presidents for his ability to promote, obtain support for, and achieve all of the major items on his presidential agenda. However, he has also been criticized for leading the country into war against Mexico and for exacerbating sectional divides. Polk has been called the "least known consequential president" of the United States.