Liquid nitrogen | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-10-03

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquid_nitrogen


00:01:26 1 Physical properties
00:03:06 2 Uses
00:06:31 2.1 Culinary use of liquid nitrogen
00:07:48 3 Safety
00:10:46 4 Production
00:12:05 5 See also



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SUMMARY
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Liquid nitrogen—LN2—is nitrogen in a liquid state at an extremely low temperature (−195.79 °C (77 K; −320 °F) boiling point at sea level).  
Nitrogen was first liquefied at the Jagiellonian University on 15 April 1883 by Polish physicists, Zygmunt Wróblewski and Karol Olszewski. It is produced industrially by fractional distillation of liquid air. 
Liquid nitrogen is a cryogenic fluid that can cause rapid freezing on contact with living tissue. When appropriately insulated from ambient heat, liquid nitrogen can be stored and transported, for example in vacuum flasks. The temperature is held constant at 77 K by slow boiling of the liquid, resulting in the evolution of nitrogen gas. Depending on the size and design, the holding time of vacuum flasks ranges from a few hours to a few weeks. The development of pressurised super-insulated vacuum vessels has enabled liquefied nitrogen to be stored and transported over longer time periods with losses reduced to 2% per day or less.