Coevolution | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 25/03/2019

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coevolution


00:02:06 1 Mutualism
00:02:33 1.1 Flowering plants
00:03:14 1.1.1 Insects and entomophilous flowers
00:06:29 1.1.2 Birds and ornithophilous flowers
00:11:48 1.2 Fig reproduction and fig wasps
00:12:28 1.3 Acacia ants and acacias
00:13:25 2 Hosts and parasites
00:13:35 2.1 Parasites and sexually reproducing hosts
00:15:47 2.2 Brood parasites
00:16:49 2.3 Antagonistic coevolution
00:17:53 3 Predators and prey
00:19:23 4 Competition
00:19:47 5 Guild or diffuse coevolution
00:21:06 6 Outside biology
00:21:25 6.1 In algorithms
00:21:59 6.2 In architecture
00:24:09 6.3 In cosmology and astronomy
00:24:42 6.4 In technology
00:26:15 6.5 In sociology
00:27:01 7 See also



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SUMMARY
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In biology, coevolution occurs when two or more species reciprocally affect each other's evolution.
Charles Darwin mentioned evolutionary interactions between flowering plants and insects in On the Origin of Species (1859). The term coevolution was coined by Paul R. Ehrlich and Peter H. Raven in 1964. The theoretical underpinnings of coevolution are now well-developed, and demonstrate that coevolution can play an important role in driving major evolutionary transitions such as the evolution of sexual reproduction or shifts in ploidy. More recently, it has also been demonstrated that coevolution influences the structure and function of ecological communities as well as the dynamics of infectious disease.Each party in a coevolutionary relationship exerts selective pressures on the other, thereby affecting each other's evolution. Coevolution includes many forms of mutualism, host-parasite, and predator-prey relationships between species, as well as competition within or between species. In many cases, the selective pressures drive an evolutionary arms race between the species involved. Pairwise or specific coevolution, between exactly two species, is not the only possibility; in guild or diffuse coevolution, several species may evolve a trait in reciprocity with a trait in another species, as has happened between the flowering plants and pollinating insects such as bees, flies, and beetles.
Coevolution is primarily a biological concept, but researchers have applied it by analogy to fields such as computer science, sociology, and astronomy.