Light mill | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 04/06/2019

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crookes_radiometer


00:01:13 1 General description
00:02:03 1.1 Effect observations
00:02:43 1.2 Origin of the name
00:03:45 2 Thermodynamic explanation
00:03:55 2.1 Movement with black-body absorption
00:06:24 2.2 Movement with black-body radiation
00:07:51 3 Explanations for the force on the vanes
00:12:10 4 All-black light mill
00:13:34 5 Horizontal vane light mill
00:14:15 6 Nanoscale light mill
00:14:59 7 See also



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SUMMARY
=======
The Crookes radiometer (also known as a light mill) consists of an airtight glass bulb containing a partial vacuum, with a set of vanes which are mounted on a spindle inside. The vanes rotate when exposed to light, with faster rotation for more intense light, providing a quantitative measurement of electromagnetic radiation intensity. 
The reason for the rotation was a cause of much scientific debate in the ten years following the invention of the device, but in 1879 the currently accepted explanation for the rotation was published. Today the device is mainly used in physics education as a demonstration of a heat engine run by light energy.
It was invented in 1873 by the chemist Sir William Crookes as the by-product of some chemical research. In the course of very accurate quantitative chemical work, he was weighing samples in a partially evacuated chamber to reduce the effect of air currents, and noticed the weighings were disturbed when sunlight shone on the balance. Investigating this effect, he created the device named after him.
It is still manufactured and sold as an educational aid or curiosity.