Imperial Russia | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 02/12/2018

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Imperial Russia


00:03:52 1 History
00:04:31 1.1 Population
00:05:08 1.2 Foreign relations
00:05:17 1.3 Eighteenth century
00:05:26 1.3.1 Peter the Great (1672–1725)
00:09:04 1.3.2 Catherine the Great (1762–1796)
00:12:09 1.3.3 State budget
00:13:14 1.4 First half of the nineteenth century
00:18:47 1.5 Second half of the nineteenth century
00:23:31 1.5.1 Alexander III
00:25:02 1.6 Early twentieth century
00:27:59 1.7 War, revolution, collapse
00:30:59 2 Territory
00:31:08 2.1 Boundaries
00:33:14 2.2 Geography
00:33:52 2.3 Territorial development
00:37:34 2.4 Imperial territories
00:39:52 3 Government and administration
00:41:42 3.1 Emperor
00:43:17 3.2 Imperial Council
00:44:31 3.3 State Duma and the electoral system
00:46:42 3.4 Council of Ministers
00:47:48 3.5 Most Holy Synod
00:48:17 3.6 Senate
00:49:15 3.7 Administrative divisions
00:50:37 4 Judicial system
00:52:26 5 Local administration
00:52:54 5.1 Municipal dumas
00:53:57 5.2 Baltic provinces
00:55:08 6 Economy
00:55:17 6.1 Mining and Heavy Industry
00:55:26 7 Infrastructure
00:55:35 7.1 Railways
00:56:44 7.2 Seaports
00:56:53 8 Religion
00:58:30 9 Military
00:59:03 10 Society
01:00:06 10.1 Estates
01:01:23 10.2 Serfdom
01:02:42 10.3 Peasants
01:05:00 10.4 Landowners
01:07:37 10.5 Media
01:08:15 11 See also



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SUMMARY
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The Russian Empire (Russian: Российская Империя, tr. Rossiyskaya Imperiya) also known as Imperial Russia or simply Russia  (Russian: Россия, tr. Rossiya) was an empire that existed across Eurasia and North America from 1721, following the end of the Great Northern War, until the Republic was proclaimed by the Provisional Government that took power after the February Revolution of 1917.The third largest empire in world history, stretching over a massive three continents, the Russian Empire was surpassed in landmass only by the British and Mongol empires. The rise of the Russian Empire happened in association with the decline of neighboring rival powers: the Swedish Empire, the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, Persia and the Ottoman Empire. It played a major role in 1812–1814 in defeating Napoleon's ambitions to control Europe and expanded to the west and south.
The House of Romanov ruled the Russian Empire from 1721 until 1762, and its German-descended cadet branch, the House of Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov, ruled from 1762. At the beginning of the 19th century, the Russian Empire extended from the Arctic Ocean in the north to the Black Sea in the south, from the Baltic Sea on the west to the Pacific Ocean, into Alaska and Northern California in  America on the east. With 125.6 million subjects registered by the 1897 census, it had the third-largest population in the world at the time, after Qing China and India. Like all empires, it included a large disparity in terms of economics, ethnicity, and religion. There were numerous dissident elements, who launched numerous rebellions and assassination attempts; they were closely watched by the secret police, with thousands exiled to Siberia.
Economically, the empire had a predominantly agricultural base, with low productivity on large estates worked by serfs, Russian peasants (until they were freed in 1861). The economy slowly industrialized with the help of foreign investments in railways and factories. The land was ruled by a nobility (the boyars) from the 10th through the 17th centuries, and subsequently by an emperor. Tsar Ivan III (1462–1505) laid the groundwork for the empire that later emerged. He tripled the territory of his state, ended the dominance of the Golden Horde, renovated the Moscow Kremlin, and laid the foundations of the Russian state. Emperor Peter the Great (1682–1725) fought numerous wars and expanded an already huge empire into a major European power. He moved the capital from Moscow to the new model city of St. Petersburg, and led a cultural revolution that replaced some of the traditionalist and medieval social a ...