Malayalam | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2018-12-09

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Malayalam


00:02:04 1 Etymology
00:03:15 2 Evolution
00:04:45 2.1 Malayalam-Tamil
00:07:22 2.2 History
00:09:28 2.3 Role of Missionaries
00:10:44 3 Dialects
00:16:38 3.1 External influences and loanwords
00:18:01 4 Geographic distribution and population
00:20:55 5 Phonology
00:21:15 5.1 Vowels
00:22:57 5.2 Consonants
00:24:23 5.3 Number system and other symbols
00:24:47 6 Grammar
00:24:57 6.1 Nouns
00:25:18 6.2 Personal pronouns
00:25:27 6.3 Other nouns
00:25:58 6.4 Words adopted from Sanskrit
00:26:07 6.4.1 Nouns
00:26:36 7 Writing system
00:26:45 8 Literature
00:26:58 8.1 Early period
00:27:07 8.1.1 Impact of European scholars
00:27:15 8.1.2 1850–1904
00:27:24 8.2 Twentieth century
00:27:33 8.2.1 Prose
00:27:41 8.2.2 Poetry
00:33:15 9 See also
00:35:22 10 Notes
00:37:07 11 References
00:44:49 12 Further reading
00:47:58 13 External links
00:51:02 undefined
00:51:31 undefined
00:53:23 undefined
00:54:39 undefined



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SUMMARY
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Malayalam (; മലയാളം, Malayāḷam ? [maləjaːɭəm]) is a Dravidian language spoken in the Indian state of Kerala and the union territories of Lakshadweep and Puducherry (Mahé) by the Malayali people and it is one of 22 scheduled languages of India. Malayalam has official language status in the state of Kerala and in the union territories of Lakshadweep and Puducherry (Mahé). It belongs to the Dravidian family of languages and is spoken by 38 million people worldwide. Malayalam is also spoken by linguistic minorities in the neighbouring states; with significant number of speakers in the Nilgiris, Kanyakumari and Coimbatore districts of Tamil Nadu, and Kodagu and Dakshina Kannada districts of Karnataka. Due to Malayali expatriates in the Persian Gulf, the language is also widely spoken in Gulf countries.
The origin of Malayalam remains a matter of dispute among scholars. One view holds that Malayalam and modern Tamil are offshoots of Middle Tamil and separated from it sometime after the c. 7th century. A second view argues for the development of the two languages out of "Proto-Dravidian" or "Proto-Tamil-Malayalam" in the prehistoric era. Designated a "Classical Language in India" in 2013, it developed into the current form mainly by the influence of the poet Thunchaththu Ezhuthachan in the 16th century. The oldest documents written purely in Malayalam and still surviving are the Vazhappalli Copper plates from 832 and Tharisapalli Copper plates from 849.
The earliest script used to write Malayalam was the Vatteluttu alphabet, and later the Kolezhuttu, which derived from it. The current Malayalam script is based on the Vatteluttu script, which was extended with Grantha script letters to adopt Indo-Aryan loanwords from Sanskrit..  The oldest literary work in Malayalam, distinct from the Tamil tradition, is dated from between the 9th and 11th centuries. The first travelogue in any Indian language is the Malayalam Varthamanappusthakam, written by Paremmakkal Thoma Kathanar in 1785.