Energy subsidies | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 02/10/2019

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_subsidy


00:00:48 1 Overview
00:04:38 2 Impact of fossil fuel subsidies
00:07:42 3 Environmental externalities
00:09:08 4 Impact of renewable energy subsidies
00:09:40 5 IEA position on subsidies
00:12:43 6 Subsidies by country
00:13:54 6.1 Canada
00:14:02 6.1.1 Fossil fuel subsidies
00:18:20 6.2 Iran
00:18:52 6.3 Turkey
00:19:06 6.4 United States
00:20:13 6.4.1 Allocation of subsidies in the United States
00:27:26 6.4.2 United States government role in the development of new energy industries
00:34:46 6.5 Venezuela
00:37:07 6.6 Russia
00:38:32 6.7 European Union
00:40:02 7 See also



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SUMMARY
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Energy subsidies are measures that keep prices for consumers below market levels or for producers above market levels, or reduce costs for consumers and producers. Energy subsidies may be direct cash transfers to producers, consumers, or related bodies, as well as indirect support mechanisms, such as tax exemptions and rebates, price controls, trade restrictions, and limits on market access. They may also include energy conservation subsidies. The development of today's major modern energy industries have all relied on substantial subsidy support.
The elimination of energy subsidies is widely seen as one of the most effective ways of reducing global carbon emissions.