History of the Central Intelligence Agency | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-01-18

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Central_Intelligence_Agency


00:02:53 1 Immediate predecessors, 1946–47
00:05:19 2 Legislative foundation
00:06:38 3 New director
00:09:06 4 Intelligence vs. action
00:09:57 4.1 Office of Special Operations (Covert Intelligence)
00:12:06 4.2 Office of Policy Coordination (Covert Action)
00:13:49 4.3 Early successes and failures
00:16:12 4.4 Korean War
00:19:16 4.4.1 China
00:20:40 4.5 Iran
00:24:47 4.6 Guatemala
00:27:01 4.7 Syria
00:28:21 4.8 Indonesia
00:32:40 4.9 Congo
00:33:16 4.10 Gary Powers U-2 Shootdown
00:34:41 4.11 Dominican Republic
00:35:37 4.12 Cuba
00:37:29 4.12.1 Cuban Missile Crisis
00:38:39 4.13 Early Cold War, 1953–1966
00:39:59 4.14 Indochina, Tibet and the Vietnam War (1954–1975)
00:43:44 4.14.1 Johnson
00:46:44 4.15 Nixon
00:51:47 4.16 Congressional investigations
00:53:42 4.17 Counter-espionage against the USSR
00:54:26 4.18 Chad
00:54:52 4.19 Afghanistan
00:55:17 4.20 Iran Contra
00:56:46 4.20.1 Hostage taking
00:57:22 4.20.1.1 Lebanon
00:59:32 4.20.1.2 Nicaragua
01:00:21 4.20.1.3 Hostage trades
01:02:29 4.21 Operation Desert Storm
01:04:22 4.22 Fall of the USSR
01:06:20 4.23 President Clinton
01:10:20 4.23.1 Somalia
01:11:26 4.23.2 Aldrich Ames
01:13:15 4.24 Yugoslavia
01:13:23 4.24.1 Kosovo
01:15:48 4.25 Osama Bin Laden
01:18:27 4.25.1 Al-Qaeda and the "Global War on Terrorism"
01:25:28 4.25.2 Use of vaccination programs
01:26:11 4.26 Failures in intelligence analysis
01:27:19 4.27 Abuses of CIA authority, 1970s–1990s
01:29:59 4.28 2004, DNI takes over CIA top-level functions
01:31:55 4.29 Iraq War
01:34:58 4.30 Operation Neptune Spear
01:36:02 4.31 Reorganization



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SUMMARY
=======
The United States Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) was created on July 26, when Harry S. Truman signed the National Security Act of 1947 into law.  A major impetus that has been cited over the years for the creation of the CIA was the unforeseen attack on Pearl Harbor, but whatever Pearl Harbor's role, in the twilight of World War II it was considered clear in government circles that there was a need for a group to coordinate government intelligence efforts, and the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), the State Department, and the War Department, and even the Post Office were all jockeying for that new power.
General William "Wild Bill" Donovan, head of the Office of Strategic Services (OSS), wrote to President Franklin D. Roosevelt on November 18, 1944, stating the need for a peacetime "Central Intelligence Service" "which will procure intelligence both by overt and covert methods and will at the same time provide intelligence guidance, determine national intelligence objectives, and correlate the intelligence material collected by all government agencies.", and have authority to conduct "subversive operations abroad", but "no police or law enforcement functions, either at home or abroad". The letter was prompted by a query from General Dwight Eisenhower's Chief of Staff about the nature of the role of the OSS in the military establishment.  Following this, Roosevelt ordered his chief military aide to conduct a secret investigation of the OSS's World War II operations.  Around this time, stories about the OSS began circulating in major papers including references to this OSS follow-on being an "American Gestapo". The report, heavily influenced by an FBI that saw itself as the future of American foreign intelligence, was starkly, and vividly negative, only praising a few rescues of downed airmen, sabotage operations, and its deskbound research and analysis staff; the pronouncement of the report was that any "use [of the OSS] as a secret intelligence agency in the postwar world [would be] inconceivable", but even before the report was finished the Joint Chiefs had been ordered,  ...