Lawrence Summers | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 07/12/2018

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Lawrence Summers


00:03:53 1 Family and education
00:05:41 2 Career
00:05:50 2.1 Academic economist
00:06:55 2.2 Public official
00:07:18 2.3 Chief Economist at the World Bank
00:08:14 2.3.1 "Dirty industries" controversy
00:09:04 2.4 Service in the Clinton Administration
00:12:27 2.4.1 Views on banking regulation
00:14:40 2.5 President of Harvard
00:15:15 2.5.1 Cornel West affair
00:16:10 2.5.2 Differences between the sexes
00:19:22 2.5.3 Summers's opposition and support at Harvard
00:21:25 2.5.4 Support of economist Andrei Shleifer
00:24:00 2.5.5 Resignation as Harvard President
00:24:43 2.6 Post-Harvard presidency career
00:25:30 2.7 Business interests
00:26:34 2.8 National Economic Council
00:29:20 2.9 Post-NEC career
00:30:36 3 Candidacy for chairmanship of the Federal Reserve
00:31:26 4 In popular culture



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SUMMARY
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Lawrence Henry Summers (born November 30, 1954) is an American economist, former Vice President of Development Economics and Chief Economist of the World Bank (1991–93), senior U.S. Treasury Department official throughout President Clinton's administration (ultimately Treasury Secretary, 1999–2001), and former director of the National Economic Council for President Obama (2009–2010). He is a former president of Harvard University (2001–2006), where he is currently (as of March, 2017) a professor and director of the Mossavar-Rahmani Center for Business and Government at Harvard's Kennedy School of Government.Born in New Haven, Connecticut, Summers became a professor of economics at Harvard University in 1983. He left Harvard in 1991, working as the Chief Economist at the World Bank from 1991 to 1993. In 1993, Summers was appointed Undersecretary for International Affairs of the United States Department of the Treasury under the Clinton Administration. In 1995, he was promoted to Deputy Secretary of the Treasury under his long-time political mentor Robert Rubin. In 1999, he succeeded Rubin as Secretary of the Treasury. While working for the Clinton administration Summers played a leading role in the American response to the 1994 economic crisis in Mexico, the 1997 Asian financial crisis, and the Russian financial crisis. He was also influential in the Harvard Institute for International Development and American-advised privatization of the economies of the post-Soviet states, and in the deregulation of the U.S financial system, including the repeal of the Glass-Steagall Act.
Following the end of Clinton's term, Summers served as the 27th President of Harvard University from 2001 to 2006. Summers resigned as Harvard's president in the wake of a no-confidence vote by Harvard faculty, which resulted in large part from Summers's conflict with Cornel West, financial conflict of interest questions regarding his relationship with Andrei Shleifer, and a 2005 speech in which he suggested that the under-representation of women in science and engineering could be due to a "different availability of aptitude at the high end", and less to patterns of discrimination and socialization. Remarking upon political correctness in institutions of higher education, Summers said in 2016, "There is a great deal of absurd political correctness. Now, I'm somebody who believes very strongly in diversity, who resists racism in all of its many incarnations, who thinks that there is a great deal that's unjust in American society that needs to be combated, but it seems to be that there is a kind of creeping totalitarianism in terms of what kind of ideas are acceptable and are debatable on college campuses."After his departure from Harvard, Summers worked as a managing partner at the hedge fund D. E. Shaw & Co., and as a freelance speaker at other financial institutions, including Goldman Sachs, JPMorgan Chase, Citigroup, Merrill Lynch and Lehman Brothers. Summers rejoined public service during the Obama administration, serving as the Director of the White House United States National Economi ...