Radiation therapy | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2018-12-08

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Radiation therapy


00:03:27 1 Medical uses
00:06:57 2 Side effects
00:08:34 2.1 Acute side effects
00:12:05 2.2 Late side effects
00:17:23 2.3 Cumulative side effects
00:17:53 2.4 Effects on reproduction
00:18:36 2.5 Effects on pituitary system
00:19:24 2.6 Radiation therapy accidents
00:20:41 3 Use in non-cancerous diseases
00:21:27 4 Technique
00:21:35 4.1 Mechanism of action
00:25:38 4.2 Dose
00:30:10 4.2.1 Estimation of dose based on target sensitivity
00:31:10 5 Types
00:32:23 5.1 External beam radiation therapy
00:32:38 5.1.1 Conventional external beam radiation therapy
00:34:24 5.1.2 Stereotactic radiation
00:36:03 5.1.3 Virtual simulation, and 3-dimensional conformal radiation therapy
00:37:13 5.1.4 Intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT)
00:41:04 5.1.5 Volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT)
00:42:27 5.1.6 Particle therapy
00:43:03 5.1.7 Auger therapy
00:43:59 5.2 Contact x-ray brachytherapy
00:44:54 5.3 Brachytherapy (sealed source radiotherapy)
00:46:24 5.4 Unsealed source radiotherapy (systemic radioisotope therapy)
00:49:11 5.5 Intraoperative radiotherapy
00:49:32 5.5.1 Rationale
00:50:38 5.6 Deep inspiration breath-hold
00:51:12 6 History
00:55:08 7 See also



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SUMMARY
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Radiation therapy or radiotherapy, often abbreviated RT, RTx, or XRT, is therapy using ionizing radiation, generally as part of cancer treatment to control or kill malignant cells and normally delivered by a linear accelerator. Radiation therapy may be curative in a number of types of cancer if they are localized to one area of the body. It may also be used as part of adjuvant therapy, to prevent tumor recurrence after surgery to remove a primary malignant tumor (for example, early stages of breast cancer). Radiation therapy is synergistic with chemotherapy, and has been used before, during, and after chemotherapy in susceptible cancers. The subspecialty of oncology concerned with radiotherapy is called radiation oncology.
Radiation therapy is commonly applied to the cancerous tumor because of its ability to control cell growth. Ionizing radiation works by damaging the DNA of cancerous tissue leading to cellular death.  To spare normal tissues (such as skin or organs which radiation must pass through to treat the tumor), shaped radiation beams are aimed from several angles of exposure to intersect at the tumor, providing a much larger absorbed dose there than in the surrounding, healthy tissue. Besides the tumour itself, the radiation fields may also include the draining lymph nodes if they are clinically or radiologically involved with tumor, or if there is thought to be a risk of subclinical malignant spread. It is necessary to include a margin of normal tissue around the tumor to allow for uncertainties in daily set-up and internal tumor motion. These uncertainties can be caused by internal movement (for example, respiration and bladder filling) and movement of external skin marks relative to the tumor position.
Radiation oncology is the medical specialty concerned with prescribing radiation, and is distinct from radiology, the use of radiation in medical imaging and diagnosis. Radiation may be prescribed by a radiation oncologist with intent to cure ("curative") or for adjuvant therapy. It may also be used as palliative treatment (where cure is not possible and the aim is for local disease control or symptomatic relief) or as therapeutic treatment (where the therapy has survival benefit and it can be curative). It is also common to combine radiation therapy with surgery, chemotherapy, hormone therapy, immunotherapy or some mixture of the four. Most common cancer types can be treated with radiation therapy in some way.
The precise treatment intent (curative, adjuvant, neoadjuvant therapeutic, or palliative) will depend on the tumor type, location, and stage, as well as the general health of the patient. Total body irradiation (TBI) is a radiation therapy technique used to prepare the body to receiv ...