Neurooncology | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-10-04

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuro-oncology


00:01:21 1 General information
00:01:30 1.1 Primary tumors of the central nervous system
00:02:08 1.2 Metastatic tumors of the central nervous system
00:02:43 1.2.1 Intracranial metastasis
00:03:46 1.2.2 Skull metastasis
00:04:17 1.2.3 Spinal metastasis
00:04:45 1.3 Genetic syndromes and risk factors
00:05:04 1.4 Nongenetic risk factors
00:05:41 2 Mechanisms
00:05:51 2.1 Tumor factors
00:06:00 2.1.1 Histology
00:06:48 2.1.2 Tumor location
00:07:27 2.1.3 Blood-brain barrier disruption (BBB)
00:08:15 2.2 Peri-tumoral factors
00:08:35 2.2.1 Morphological changes
00:09:01 2.2.2 Hypoxia, acidosis and metabolic changes
00:09:39 2.2.3 Ionic changes
00:10:12 2.2.4 Glutamate neurotransmission
00:10:44 3 Initial patient evaluation and care
00:14:59 4 Diagnostic procedures
00:15:10 4.1 Diagnostic imaging of the brain and spinal cord
00:15:40 4.2 Lumbar puncture and cerebrospinal fluid analysis
00:16:07 4.3 Pathologic diagnosis
00:16:44 5 Commonly used treatments
00:18:27 6 Specific tumors
00:18:37 6.1 Primary tumors
00:22:48 6.2 Metastatic tumors
00:23:59 7 Approach to clinical problems
00:25:19 8 Pain and terminal care
00:25:29 8.1 Palliative and terminal care
00:26:24 8.2 Cancer pain management
00:27:26 8.3 Treatment implications for tumor-related epilepsy



Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.

Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain

Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.

Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:
https://assistant.google.com/services/invoke/uid/0000001a130b3f91
Other Wikipedia audio articles at:
https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=wikipedia+tts
Upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
https://github.com/nodef/wikipedia-tts
Speaking Rate: 0.8681078911425245
Voice name: en-US-Wavenet-A


"I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think."
- Socrates


SUMMARY
=======
Neuro-oncology is the study of brain and spinal cord neoplasms, many of which are (at least eventually) very dangerous and life-threatening (astrocytoma, glioma, glioblastoma multiforme, ependymoma, pontine glioma, and brain stem tumors are among the many examples of these). Among the malignant brain cancers, gliomas of the brainstem and pons, glioblastoma multiforme, and high-grade (highly anaplastic) astrocytoma are among the worst. In these cases, untreated survival usually amounts to only a few months, and survival with current radiation and chemotherapy treatments may extend that time from around a year to a year and a half, possibly two or more, depending on the patient's condition, immune function, treatments used, and the specific type of malignant brain neoplasm. Surgery may in some cases be curative, but, as a general rule, malignant brain cancers tend to regenerate and emerge from remission easily, especially highly malignant cases. In such cases, the goal is to excise as much of the mass (tumor cells) and as much of the tumor margin as possible without endangering vital functions or other important cognitive abilities.