Electric double-layer capacitor | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: Subhajit Sahu
Date: 2019-01-11

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supercapacitor


00:02:13 1 History
00:02:27 1.1 Evolution of components
00:07:35 2 Basics
00:07:44 2.1 Basic design
00:08:34 2.2 Capacitance distribution
00:09:28 2.3 Storage principles
00:09:50 2.3.1 Electrostatic double-layer capacitance
00:10:49 2.3.2 Electrochemical pseudocapacitance
00:14:20 2.4 Potential distribution
00:17:01 2.5 Comparison with other storage technologies
00:19:02 3 Styles
00:20:03 3.1 Construction details
00:20:27 4 Supercapacitor types
00:21:37 5 Materials
00:24:06 5.1 Electrodes
00:24:28 5.1.1 Electrodes for EDLCs
00:25:38 5.1.1.1 Activated carbon
00:26:12 5.1.1.2 Activated carbon fibres
00:27:38 5.1.1.3 Carbon aerogel
00:28:18 5.1.1.4 Carbide-derived carbon
00:29:23 5.1.1.5 Graphene
00:30:18 5.1.1.6 Carbon nanotubes
00:31:35 5.1.2 Electrodes for pseudocapacitors
00:34:17 5.1.2.1 Metal oxides
00:35:48 5.1.2.2 Conductive polymers
00:38:09 5.1.3 Electrodes for hybrid capacitors
00:38:54 5.1.3.1 Composite electrodes
00:39:33 5.1.3.2 Battery-type electrodes
00:41:09 5.1.3.3 Asymmetric electrodes (pseudo/EDLC)
00:41:38 5.2 Electrolytes
00:42:17 5.2.1 Aqueous
00:43:26 5.2.2 Organic
00:44:12 5.3 Separators
00:44:59 5.4 Collectors and housing
00:45:36 6 Electrical parameters
00:46:04 6.1 Capacitance
00:46:13 6.1.1 Measurement
00:47:18 6.2 Operating voltage
00:50:41 6.3 Internal resistance
00:52:24 6.4 Current load and cycle stability
00:55:11 6.5 Device capacitance and resistance dependence on operating voltage and temperature
00:57:45 6.6 Energy capacity
00:58:40 6.7 Specific energy and specific power
01:00:20 6.8 Lifetime
01:03:50 6.9 Self-discharge
01:08:04 6.10 Post charge voltage relaxation
01:08:57 6.11 Polarity
01:09:23 6.12 Comparison of selected commercial supercapacitors
01:10:51 7 Standards
01:13:19 8 Applications
01:14:47 8.1 General
01:16:22 8.1.1 Consumer electronics
01:16:30 8.1.2 Tools
01:17:02 8.1.3 Grid power buffer
01:17:23 8.1.4 Low-power equipment power buffer
01:17:57 8.1.5 Voltage stabilizer
01:19:05 8.1.6 Energy harvesting
01:19:31 8.1.7 Incorporation into batteries
01:20:12 8.1.8 Street lights
01:21:12 8.1.9 Medical
01:21:43 8.2 Transport
01:21:58 8.2.1 Aviation
01:22:06 8.2.2 Military
01:22:27 8.2.3 Automotive
01:23:07 8.2.4 Bus/tram
01:23:38 8.3 Energy recovery
01:24:10 8.3.1 Railway
01:24:40 8.3.2 Cranes, forklifts and tractors
01:25:15 8.3.3 Light-rails and trams
01:26:03 8.3.4 Buses
01:29:57 8.3.5 Motor racing
01:31:49 8.3.6 Hybrid electric vehicles
01:33:17 8.3.7 Gondolas
01:34:59 9 Developments
01:35:46 10 Market
01:36:39 11 Trade or series names
01:37:21 12 See also
01:37:57 13 Literature
01:38:06 14 References



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SUMMARY
=======
A supercapacitor (SC) (also called a supercap, ultracapacitor or Goldcap) is a high-capacity capacitor with capacitance values much higher than other capacitors (but lower voltage limits) that bridge the gap between electrolytic capacitors and rechargeable batteries. They typically store 10 to 100 times more energy per unit volume or mass than electrolytic capacitors, can accept and deliver charge much faster than batteries, and tolerate many more charge and discharge cycles than rechargeable batteries.
Supercapacitors are used in applications requiring many rapid charge/discharge cycles rather than long term compact energy storage: within cars, buses, trains, cranes and elevators, where they are used for regenerative braking, short-term energy storage or burst-mode power delivery. Smaller units are used as memory backup for static random-access memory (SRAM).
Unlike ordinary capacitors, supercapacitors do not use the conventional solid dielectric, but rather, they use electrostatic double-layer capacitance and electrochemical pseudocapacitance, both of which contribute to the total capacitance of the capacitor, with a few differen ...