Cyberwarfare | Wikipedia audio article
Channel: wikipedia tts
Date: 2019-05-10

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyberwarfare


00:01:52 1 Definition
00:04:05 2 Types of threat
00:04:48 2.1 Espionage
00:06:06 2.2 Sabotage
00:08:50 2.2.1 Denial-of-service attack
00:09:48 2.2.2 Electrical power grid
00:11:49 2.3 Propaganda
00:13:24 2.4 Economic disruption
00:14:05 3 Motivations
00:14:15 3.1 Military
00:16:40 3.2 Civil
00:17:30 3.3 Hacktivism
00:18:46 3.4 Private sector
00:19:33 3.5 Non-profit research
00:20:06 4 By region
00:20:28 4.1 Asia
00:20:37 4.1.1 China
00:25:50 4.1.2 India
00:30:05 4.1.3 Philippines
00:30:51 4.1.4 Russia
00:32:50 4.1.5 South Korea
00:36:28 4.1.6 Sri Lanka
00:36:36 4.1.7 North Korea
00:36:45 4.2 Europe
00:36:53 4.2.1 Estonia
00:37:53 4.2.2 France
00:38:59 4.2.3 Germany
00:40:30 4.2.4 Netherlands
00:41:28 4.2.5 Norway
00:41:36 4.2.6 Sweden
00:41:59 4.2.7 Ukraine
00:44:09 4.2.8 United Kingdom
00:45:20 4.3 Middle East
00:45:29 4.3.1 Iran
00:46:30 4.3.2 Israel
00:48:29 4.3.3 Saudi Arabia
00:52:32 4.3.4 Qatar
00:53:48 4.4 North America
00:53:58 4.4.1 United States
01:08:25 5 Cyberpeace
01:09:50 6 Cyber counterintelligence
01:13:16 7 Controversy over terms
01:17:05 8 Legal issues
01:21:05 9 In films



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SUMMARY
=======
Cyberwarfare is a broad term describing the use of technological force within cyberspace . ‘Cyberwarfare’ does not imply scale, protraction or violence which are typically associated with the term ‘war’ . There is significant debate among experts regarding the definition of cyberwarfare, and even if such a thing exists . The term ‘Cyberwarfare’ is a misnomer, to date no offensive cyber actions could be described as ‘war’. Offensive cyber actions, such as those in Estonia in 2007, Georgia in 2008, Iran in 2010, North Korea have occurred in the context of international relations, only resulting in condemnation and denial by sides.Cyberwarfare may not meet the typical definition of the term war, however, many states including the United States, United Kingdom, Russia, China, Israel, Iran, North Korea and Vietnam  have active cyber operations for offensive and defensive operations. As states explore the use of cyber operations and combine capabilities the likelihood of physical confrontation and violence playing out as a result of, or part of, a cyber operation is increased. However, meeting the scale and protracted nature of war is unlikely, thus ambiguity remains.
The first instance of kinetic force used in response to a cyber-attack resulting in the loss of human life was observed on May 5th 2019. Israel Defense Forces targeted and destroyed a building associated with an on-going cyber-attack.