Proto-Indo-European particles | Wikipedia audio article
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Date: 30/11/2018

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Proto-Indo-European particles

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SUMMARY
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The particles of the Proto-Indo-European language (PIE) have been reconstructed by modern linguists based on similarities found across all Indo-European languages. They have long been ignored by Indo-Europeanists, who are generally interested only in nouns and verbs.  The following article makes no reference to the new standard treatment, George Dunkel's Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme (see the References), which presents the material for the first time in a systematic manner.  Among other things, it proves that almost all of the laryngeals cited below must be deleted.