Inverting  Amplifier equation derivation || Op-Amp gain equation | ( A to Z ) | Bangla Tutorial-04 |
Channel: Silicon Engineering BD
Date: 28/06/2020

In this video, the basic introduction of the Inverting Operational Amplifier (Op-Amp) has been discussed.
In this video, i have explained Op-Amp by following outlines: 

1. Basics of Inverting Op-Amp Theory 
2. Discribe Inverting Amplifier With Wave Shape
3. Statement Of  Inverting Op-Amp Symbol & Practical Op Amp Equivalent Circuit
4. Aplication Of Inverting  Op-Amp 
5. Open Loop Gain &  Close Loop Gain.
 
Inverting Amplifier 
 #inverting_Op_Amp#EEE_Job#SAE_#
The open loop gain of an ideal Operational Amplifier can be very high, up to about 1,000,000 (120dB) or more. However, this very high gain is of no real use to us as it makes the amplifier both unstable and hard to control as the smallest of input signals, just a few microvolts, would be enough to cause the output to saturate and swing towards one or the other of the voltage supply rails losing control. As the open loop DC gain of an operational amplifier is extremely high we can afford to lose some of this gain by connecting a suitable resistor across the amplifier from the output terminal back to the inverting input terminal to both reduce and control the overall gain of the amplifier. This then produces an effect known commonly as Negative Feedback, and thus produces a very stable Operational Amplifier system. 
 
Negative Feedback is the process of "feeding back" some of the output signal back to the input, but to make the feedback negative we must feed it back to the "Negative input" terminal using an external Feedback Resistor called Rf. This feedback connection between the output and the inverting input terminal produces a closed loop circuit to the amplifier resulting in the gain of the amplifier now being called its Closed-loop Gain. 
 
This results in the inverting input terminal having a different signal on it than the actual input voltage as it will be the sum of the input voltage plus the negative feedback voltage giving it the label or term of a Summing Point. We must therefore separate the real input signal from the inverting input by using an Input Resistor, Rin. As we are not using the positive non-inverting input this is connected to a common ground or zero voltage terminal as shown below. But the effect of this closed loop feedback circuit results in the voltage at the inverting input equal to that at the non-inverting input producing a Virtual Earth summing point because it will be at the same potential as the grounded reference input. 

 In inverting amplifier circuit the operational amplifier is connected with feedback to produce a closed loop operation. There are two very important rules to remember about inverting amplifiers: "no current flows into the input terminal" and that "V1 equals V2". This is because the junction of the input and feedback signal (X) is at the same potential as the positive (+) input which is at zero volts or ground then, the junction is a "Virtual Earth". Because of this virtual earth node the input resistance of the amplifier is equal to the value of the input resistor, Rin. Then by using these two rules one can find the equation for calculating the gain of an inverting amplifier, using first principles. Current ( i ) flows through the resistor network as shown. 


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