RevolutionCrossroads/si_us_revolutionary_era_collections huggingface dataset:
GUMMI TRAGAGANT
Collection: National Museum of American History
Object type: jar
date made: 1790-1810
place made: Germany
Physical Description: ceramic (overall material)
Measurements: overall: 16 cm x 10.4 cm; 6 5/16 in x 4 1/8 in
Credit line: Gift of American Pharmaceutical Association and Bristol-Myers Squibb Company
Publisher: Urdang, George and Ferdinand William Nitardy. The Squibb Ancient Pharmacy: A Catalogue of the Collection
Hein, W.H., and D.A. Wittop Koning. Deutsche Apotheken-Fayencen
Topics: Art
Pharmacy
European Apothecary
Description (Brief): "GUMMI TRAGAGANT" was used to increase the viscosity of a liquid. It is also used as a suspending agent for drugs. It is a low growing shrub found around the Mediterranean and the Middle East. The gum substance is extracted from the stem.
George Urdang co-author of <i>The Squibb Ancient Pharmacy Catalogue</i> attributes the containers 1991.0664.0760 through 1991.0664.0825 to Hanau in the late 18th century based on the floral design surrounding the medallion and the initials "HN" on the bottom of many of the jars in the series. However, in a letter to museum curators dated August 1983, the pharmaceutical historian and scholar Wolfgang-Hagen Hein wrote that those without initials and those marked "FH" were made in Florsheim in the German state of Hesse twenty-three miles southwest of Hanau.
[None]
SANGUIS DRACONIS
Collection: National Museum of American History
Object type: jar
jar; Pharmaceutical Container
date made: 1790-1810
Date made: 1775 - 1799
place made: Germany
Physical Description: ceramic (overall material)
Measurements: overall: 15.8 cm x 11 cm; 6 1/4 in x 4 5/16 in
Credit line: Gift of American Pharmaceutical Association and Bristol-Myers Squibb Company
Publisher: Urdang, George and Ferdinand William Nitardy. The Squibb Ancient Pharmacy: A Catalogue of the Collection
Topics: Medicine
Art
Pharmacy
European Apothecary
Description: <i>SANGUIS DRACONIS</i> or Dragons Blood is a gum resin taken from the berries of palm trees. It was used by the Greeks, Romans and peoples of Asia and the Middle-East as a dye. It was also used for medicinal purposes including respiratory and gastrointestinal ailments. Pharmaceutical historian George Urdang author of <i>The Squibb Ancient Apothecary Catalogue</i> attributes containers 1991.0664.0760 through 1991.0664.0825 to Hanau in the late 18th century based on the floral design surrounding the medallion and the initials <i>HN</i> on the bottom of many of the jars in the series. However, in a letter to curators dated August 1983, the pharmaceutical historian Wolfgang-Hagen Hein wrote that the containers without initials and those marked <i>FH</i> were made in Florsheim in the German state of Hesse twenty-three miles southwest of Hanau.
[None]
MUSCUS HELMINTOCH
Collection: National Museum of American History
Object type: jar
jar
jar; Pharmaceutical Container
Date made: 1775 - 1799
date made: 1790-1810
place made: Germany: Hesse, Hanau
Physical Description: ceramic (overall material)
Measurements: overall: 16.1 cm x 11 cm; 6 11/32 in x 4 11/32 in
overall: 6 3/8 in x 4 3/8 in; 16.1925 cm x 11.1125 cm
Credit line: Gift of American Pharmaceutical Association and Bristol-Myers Squibb Company
Publisher: Urdang, George and Ferdinand William Nitardy. The Squibb Ancient Pharmacy: A Catalogue of the Collection
Topics: Art
Pharmacy
European Apothecary
Health & Medicine
Description: The interior of the medallion of this jar is marked, <i>MUSCUS HELMINTOCH</i> Muscus helminithocortos is a mixture of lichen, plants, and zoophytes meant to rid the patient of intestinal worms.
This majolica drug jar has a wide mouth and a whitish gray glaze. The jar is decorated with a painted garland of blue and purple flowers with green leaves framing a yellow and black oval medallion. The bottom of the jar is marked <i>HN</i>.
Pharmacy historian George Urdang attributes the containers 1991.0664.0760 through 1991.0664.0825 to Hanau in the late 18th century, based on the floral design surrounding the medallion and the initials <i>HN</i> on the bottom of many of the jars in the series. However, in a letter to museum curators dated August 1983, the pharmaceutical historian Wolfgang Hagen Hein wrote that he believes the containers without and those marked <i>FH</i> were made in Florsheim in the Germanstate of Hesse.
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Cort: Chin: Rubr
Collection: National Museum of American History
Object type: Jar
Date made: 18th Century
date made: 1790-1810
Physical Description: ceramic (overall material)
Measurements: overall: 16.1 cm x 10.2 cm; 6 5/16 in x 4 in
Credit line: Gift of American Pharmaceutical Association and Bristol-Myers Squibb Company
Topics: Art
Pharmacy
Description: A Garland of blue and purple flowers with green leaves frames an oval medallion outlined in yellow and black. Marked <i>CORT: CHIN: RUBR</i> and <i>HN</i> on the bottom of the jar.
Pharmaceutical historian George Urdang attributes containers 1991.0664.0760 through 1991.0664.0825 to Hanau in the late 18th century based on the floral design surrounding the medallion and the initials HN on the bottom of many of the jars in the series.
[None None]
jar
Collection: National Museum of American History
Object type: Jar
Date made: 18th Century
place made: Netherlands
Physical Description: ceramic (overall material)
metal (overall material)
Measurements: overall: 20.7 cm x 12 cm; 8 1/8 in x 4 3/4 in
Credit line: Gift of American Pharmaceutical Association and Bristol-Myers Squibb Company
Topics: Art
Pharmacy
Description: This tin-glazed drug jar has a straight walled body, flared neck, and a metal lid. The cobalt blue cartouche is surrounded by scrolls, swags of flowers, tassels and the face of an angel. A basket of fruit adorns the top of the cartouche and is flanked by two peacocks.
A green paper label glued to the container has two layers, the first is a rectangle with a green boarder of acanthus leaves entwined in silver-colored lattice work. The second label is a smaller green rectangle which has been glued to the larger label. There is a faint inscription written in ink.
[None None]
MEL: COM
Collection: National Museum of American History
Object type: Jar
Date made: 18th Century
place made: Netherlands
Physical Description: ceramic (overall material)
Measurements: overall: 25.5 cm x 18.5 cm; 10 1/16 in x 7 5/16 in
Credit line: Gift of American Pharmaceutical Association and Bristol-Myers Squibb Company
Topics: Art
Pharmacy
Description: Cylindrical drug jar with a short straight neck and a slightly flared foot. The decorative motif is identical to drug jar 1991.0664.0841, however it does not have a makers mark. The interior of the cartouche is marked, "MEL:COM".
[None None]
S/ROSAR: C: SENN
Collection: National Museum of American History
Object type: Jar
Date made: 18th Century
place made: Netherlands
Physical Description: ceramic (overall material)
Credit line: Gift of American Pharmaceutical Association and Bristol-Myers Squibb Company
Topics: Art
Pharmacy
Description: Syrup jar with a flared foot has an applied spout and handle. The white and blue tin-glazes container is decorated with a cartouche marked, "S/ROSAR: C: SENN:"
[None None]
Apothecary Jar, CAMP
Collection: National Museum of American History
Object type: jar
jar
date made: 18th century
Physical Description: glass (overall material)
paint (overall material)
Measurements: overall: 14.5 cm x 6.5 cm; 5 23/32 in x 2 9/16 in
overall: 5 5/8 in x 2 5/8 in; 14.2875 cm x 6.6675 cm
Credit line: Gift of American Pharmaceutical Association and Bristol-Myers Squibb Company
Publisher: Urdang, George and Ferdinand William Nitardy. The Squibb Ancient Pharmacy: A Catalogue of the Collection
Topics: Medicine
Art
Pharmacy
European Apothecary
Description: Cylindrical, blown glass drug jar with a round, flat-shaped stopper. The container tapers slightly and has an applied foot. The baked enamel motif is a yellow shield surrounded by blue and red flowers. The interior of the shield is marked <i>CAMP</i> with three alchemical symbols. The opaque white color of the glass comes from the addition of tin oxide and was meant to imitate porcelain.
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Apothecary Bottle, ELIX PECTOR
Collection: National Museum of American History
Object type: bottle
jar
date made: 18th century
Physical Description: glass (overall material)
paint (overall material)
Measurements: overall: 8 1/2 in x 4 3/8 in; 21.59 cm x 11.1125 cm
Credit line: Gift of American Pharmaceutical Association and Bristol-Myers Squibb Company
Publisher: Urdang, George and Ferdinand William Nitardy. The Squibb Ancient Pharmacy: A Catalogue of the Collection
Topics: Art
Pharmacy
European Apothecary
Health & Medicine
Description: This blown glass drug container has a round, flat-shaped stopper and an applied foot. A blue, red and yellow floral wreath is connected at the top with a pink ribbon and at the bottom with a blue ribbon. The Roman numeral XI is etched into the glass just above the shoulder. The opaque white color of the glass comes from the addition of tin oxide and was meant to imitate porcelain. The inside of the wreath is marked, <i>ELIX: PECTOR:</i>. It wasa liquid remedy for ailments of the chest and lungs.
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Apothecary Bottle, ELIX: VISCER: H
Collection: National Museum of American History
Object type: bottle
date made: 18th century
Physical Description: glass (overall material)
paint (overall material)
Measurements: overall: 21 cm x 10.5 cm; 8 1/4 in x 4 1/8 in
Credit line: Gift of American Pharmaceutical Association and Bristol-Myers Squibb Company
Publisher: Urdang, George and Ferdinand William Nitardy. The Squibb Ancient Pharmacy: A Catalogue of the Collection
Topics: Art
Pharmacy
European Apothecary
Health & Medicine
Description: This blown glass drug container is marked, <i>ELIX: VISCER: H:</i>" The opaque white color of the glass comes from the addition of tin oxide and was meant to imitate porcelain.
[None]
RAD MEU
Collection: National Museum of American History
Object type: jar
jar; Pharmaceutical Container
date made: 18th century
place made: Germany
Physical Description: turnen wood (overall production method/technique)
wood (overall material)
paint (overall material)
Measurements: overall: 16.2 cm x 9.5 cm; 6 3/8 in x 3 3/4 in
Credit line: Gift of American Pharmaceutical Association and Bristol-Myers Squibb Company
Publisher: Urdang, George and Ferdinand William Nitardy. The Squibb Ancient Pharmacy: A Catalogue of the Collection
Topics: Art
Pharmacy
European Apothecary
Wood Drug Jars
Description: This turned conical-shaped wooden drug jar and lid is painted blue-green, ivory, red, black and gold. The front of the container has a oval ivory-colored medallion surrounded by stylized gold leaves tied at the bottom with a red bow. The label reads "RAD/MEU".
This jar and .873, 875, 876, and 877 appear to have come from the same apothecary.
[None]
SANG Hircii
Collection: National Museum of American History
Object type: jar
jar; Pharmaceutical Container
date made: 18th century
place made: Germany
Physical Description: turnen wood (overall production method/technique)
wood (overall material)
paint (overall material)
Measurements: overall: 17.5 cm x 8.1 cm; 6 7/8 in x 3 3/16 in
Credit line: Gift of American Pharmaceutical Association and Bristol-Myers Squibb Company
Publisher: Urdang, George and Ferdinand William Nitardy. The Squibb Ancient Pharmacy: A Catalogue of the Collection
Topics: Art
Pharmacy
European Apothecary
Wood Drug Jars
Description: This turned cylindrical wooden drug jar is painted olive-green with an ivory-colored medallian surrounded by "c" scrolls.
[None]
SEM MELO NUM
Collection: National Museum of American History
Object type: jar
jar; Pharmaceutical Container
date made: 18th century
place made: Germany
Physical Description: turnen wood (overall production method/technique)
wood (overall material)
paint (overall material)
Measurements: overall: 16.2 cm x 9.5 cm; 6 3/8 in x 3 3/4 in
Credit line: Gift of American Pharmaceutical Association and Bristol-Myers Squibb Company
Publisher: Urdang, George and Ferdinand William Nitardy. The Squibb Ancient Pharmacy: A Catalogue of the Collection
Topics: Art
Pharmacy
European Apothecary
Wood Drug Jars
Description: This conical-shaped wooden jar and lid are painted dark green with ivory-colored medallion, gold and red decorative motif.
[None]
SEM CUCUR BIT
Collection: National Museum of American History
Object type: jar
jar; Pharmaceutical Container
date made: 18th century
place made: Germany
Physical Description: turnen wood (overall production method/technique)
wood (overall material)
paint (overall material)
Measurements: overall: 16.2 cm x 9.5 cm; 6 3/8 in x 3 3/4 in
Credit line: Gift of American Pharmaceutical Association and Bristol-Myers Squibb Company
Publisher: Urdang, George and Ferdinand William Nitardy. The Squibb Ancient Pharmacy: A Catalogue of the Collection
Topics: Art
Pharmacy
European Apothecary
Wood Drug Jars
Description: This conical-shaped wooden drug jar and lid is painted dark green with an ivory-colored oval medallion surrounded by gold leaves and a red ribbon.
[None]
RAD DORONI CI
Collection: National Museum of American History
Object type: jar
jar; Pharmaceutical Container
date made: 18th century
place made: Germany
Physical Description: turnen wood (overall production method/technique)
wood (overall material)
paint (overall material)
Measurements: overall: 14.2 cm x 8.7 cm; 5 9/16 in x 3 7/16 in
Credit line: Gift of American Pharmaceutical Association and Bristol-Myers Squibb Company
Publisher: Urdang, George and Ferdinand William Nitardy. The Squibb Ancient Pharmacy: A Catalogue of the Collection
Topics: Art
Pharmacy
European Apothecary
Wood Drug Jars
Description (Brief): RAD DORONI CI is an abbreviation for Doroncicum also known as Leopard’s Bane. Doroncicum is a yellow flower found in central Europe. Both the flower and the root were used in medicinal preparations. It was once used internally to lower fevers, but has since been found to cause stomach irritation. Externally it was used for burns and to counter act inflammation.
This conical-shaped wooden drug jar and lid are painted a dark green. The decoration includes an ivory-colored medallion with a red and gold leaf design and a red ribbon.
[None]
SEM DAUCI CERT
Collection: National Museum of American History
Object type: jar
jar; Pharmaceutical Container
date made: 18th century
place made: Germany
Associated Place: Europe
Physical Description: turnen wood (overall production method/technique)
wood (overall material)
paint (overall material)
Measurements: overall: 16.2 cm x 9.5 cm; 6 3/8 in x 3 3/4 in
Credit line: Gift of American Pharmaceutical Association and Bristol-Myers Squibb Company
Publisher: Urdang, George and Ferdinand William Nitardy. The Squibb Ancient Pharmacy: A Catalogue of the Collection
Topics: Art
Pharmacy
European Apothecary
Wood Drug Jars
Description: SEM DAUCI CERT refers to the seeds of the Wild Carrot. It was used as a dye, a diuretic and to reduce or eliminate flatulence. For centuries it was used to prevent conception. Daucas Creticus was introduced to North America and is also referred to as Queen Anne’s lace.
This conical-shaped drug jar and lid is painted a blue-green color, and is marked "SEM DAUCI CERT". The ivory-colored Medallion is surrounded by a gold and red leaf design just below the medallion.
[None]
PILL, BALASMIC. BE=CHER
Collection: National Museum of American History
Object type: jar
jar; Pharmaceutical Container
date made: 18th century
place made: Germany
Physical Description: turnen wood (overall production method/technique)
wood (overall material)
paint (overall material)
Measurements: overall: 10.3 cm x 7.4 cm; 4 1/16 in x 2 15/16 in
Credit line: Gift of American Pharmaceutical Association and Bristol-Myers Squibb Company
Publisher: Urdang, George and Ferdinand William Nitardy. The Squibb Ancient Pharmacy: A Catalogue of the Collection
Topics: Art
Pharmacy
European Apothecary
Wood Drug Jars
Description: In his Dictionary of <i>Protopharmacology: Theraputic Practices 1700-1850</i>, J. Worth Estes describes Balsamic as “A softening, restoring, healing, and cleansing medicine”.
This turned wooden drug jar would have contained Balsamic pills. It has two incised lines at the neck and the base of the container, and the ivory-colored shield outlined in gold and black. There is a piece of paper attached to the interior of the lid with a hand written inscription.
[None None]
GUM STORAC
Collection: National Museum of American History
Object type: jar
jar; Pharmaceutical Container
date made: 18th century
place made: Germany
Physical Description: turnen wood (overall production method/technique)
wood (overall material)
paint (overall material)
Measurements: overall: 20 cm x 10.3 cm; 7 7/8 in x 4 1/16 in
Credit line: Gift of American Pharmaceutical Association and Bristol-Myers Squibb Company
Publisher: Urdang, George and Ferdinand William Nitardy. The Squibb Ancient Pharmacy: A Catalogue of the Collection
Topics: Art
Pharmacy
European Apothecary
Wood Drug Jars
Description: This turned wooded drug and lid with an exaggerated overhang is painted red. Cone-shaped, it widens from top to bottom. The wood has traces of red paint around the neck and the lid, and has a ivory-colored shield surrounded by a finely painted asymmetrical scalloped border in shades of brown.
[None]
CORAL R PP
Collection: National Museum of American History
Object type: jar
date made: 18th century
place made: Germany
Physical Description: wood (overall material)
paint (overall material)
Measurements: overall: 11.2 cm x 6.2 cm; 4 13/32 in x 2 7/16 in
overall: 4 3/8 in x 2 1/2 in; 11.1125 cm x 6.35 cm
Credit line: Gift of American Pharmaceutical Association and Bristol-Myers Squibb Company
Publisher: Urdang, George and Ferdinand William Nitardy. The Squibb Ancient Pharmacy: A Catalogue of the Collection
Topics: Art
Pharmacy
European Apothecary
Health & Medicine
Description: This turned wooden straight walled drug jar is painted red with a red lid. The jar is decorated with an ivory-colored oval medallion outlined in black. The interior of the medallion is painted white and is marked, “CORAL/ R PP” in black. Two vertical lines intersect the stem of the P. This is the alchemical symbol for powder.
This red-colored container was used to store powdered coral. Coral was used for centuries for a variety of ills including but not limited to the reduction of fever, the prevention of bleeding in pregnant women, for gastric pain and to protect infants from convulsions.
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GRAN TILLI
Collection: National Museum of American History
Object type: jar
jar; Pharmaceutical Container
date made: 18th century
place made: Germany
Physical Description: turnen wood (overall production method/technique)
wood (overall material)
paint (overall material)
Measurements: overall: 21 cm x 8.5 cm; 8 1/4 in x 3 3/8 in
Credit line: Gift of American Pharmaceutical Association and Bristol-Myers Squibb Company
Publisher: Urdang, George and Ferdinand William Nitardy. The Squibb Ancient Pharmacy: A Catalogue of the Collection
Topics: Art
Pharmacy
European Apothecary
Wood Drug Jars
Description: This turned conical-shaped, wooden drug jar and lid is painted green and has a faded yellow and red medallion. The front of the jar is marked "GRAN/TILLI".
The conservator who worked on this object was able to see at least one earlier design under the green paint, centered on what is now the back of the container. The second design was detected with infra red videocom. The letters "A D" can be seen, as well as two layers of superimposed letters. It is likely this container was used to store several different types of medecinal plant material. Often an apothecary reused a container by removing the one label and replacing it with another.
[None]
AUR PIGM
Collection: National Museum of American History
Object type: jar
jar; Pharmaceutical Container
date made: 18th century
place made: Germany
Physical Description: turnen wood (overall production method/technique)
wood (overall material)
paint (overall material)
Measurements: overall: 21 cm x 8.7 cm; 8 9/32 in x 3 7/16 in
Credit line: Gift of American Pharmaceutical Association and Bristol-Myers Squibb Company
Publisher: Urdang, George and Ferdinand William Nitardy. The Squibb Ancient Pharmacy: A Catalogue of the Collection
Topics: Art
Pharmacy
European Apothecary
Wood Drug Jars
Description: This conical-shaped, wooden drug jar and lis is painted dark green. The container has an inscription painted in black. The interior walls of the container and lid are stained yellow.
[None]
Balance
Collection: National Museum of American History
Object type: Balance
date made: 1807
maker: Poppenberg Brothers
place made: Germany
Physical Description: wood (overall material)
brass (overall material)
iron (overall material)
Measurements: overall: 3/4 in x 7 5/16 in x 4 1/4 in; 1.905 cm x 18.542 cm x 10.795 cm
Credit line: Gift of American Pharmaceutical Association and Bristol-Myers Squibb Company
Publisher: Urdang, George and Ferdinand William Nitardy. The Squibb Ancient Pharmacy: A Catalogue of the Collection
Topics: Art
Pharmacy
European Apothecary
Description: This hand-held coin balance was made by the Poppenberg Brothers in Germany. The beam is iron and the pans are brass. There are 21 square-tapered weights and 9 fraction weights housed inside the the wooden case with a hinged lid. The paper label on the interior of the lid is marked, in part, "DIED. PET. CASP. DIED. PET. CASP POPPENBERG / im Amt. Blankenstein bey Sprockhovel / Anno 1807."
[None None]
Balance
Collection: National Museum of American History
Object type: scale
date made: ca 1780
maker: John Peter Poppenberg
place made: Germany
Physical Description: wood (overall material)
brass (overall material)
iron (overall material)
paper (overall material)
Measurements: overall: 1 in x 7 3/16 in x 3 3/4 in; 2.54 cm x 18.288 cm x 9.525 cm
Credit line: Gift of American Pharmaceutical Association and Bristol-Myers Squibb Company
Publisher: Urdang, George and Ferdinand William Nitardy. The Squibb Ancient Pharmacy: A Catalogue of the Collection
Topics: Art
Pharmacy
European Apothecary
Description (Brief): Hand-held coin balance with an iron beam, and pans and weights of brass. There are 18 square-tapered weights and 8 fraction weights, housed in a hinged wooden case. The set was made in Germany by John Peter Poppenberg, and dated 1780.
[None None]
Spy Glass
Collection: National Museum of American History
Object type: telescope (spyglass)
date made: 1775-1800
maker: Jesse Ramsden
place made: United Kingdom: England, London
Physical Description: brass (overall material)
glass (overall material)
shagreen (overall material)
paper (overall material)
Measurements: overall: 12 cm x 4.2 cm; 4 23/32 in x 1 21/32 in
overall, case: 2 1/4 in x 5 5/8 in x 2 1/4 in; 5.715 cm x 14.2875 cm x 5.715 cm
overall, telescope: 1 5/8 in x 1 3/4 in x 4 3/4 in; 4.1275 cm x 4.445 cm x 12.065 cm
Credit line: Gift of American Pharmaceutical Association and Bristol-Myers Squibb Company
Publisher: Warner, Deborah Jean. Telescopes For Land And Sea
Dictionary of National Biography
Urdang, George and Ferdinand William Nitardy. The Squibb Ancient Pharmacy: A Catalogue of the Collection
Topics: Art
Pharmacy
European Apothecary
Health & Medicine
Description: Small refracting telescope with an achromatic objective 1¼ inches aperture. There are two brass tubes. The inner one is engraved “Ramsden / London” and calibrated from one to four. A dial adjusts the eyepiece. The telescope is housed in a cylindrical cardboard container covered in shagreen.
Jesse Ramsden (1735-1800), a prominent maker of mathematical and optical instruments. began in business in 1762, and became a Fellow of the Royal Society of London in 1786.
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