RevolutionCrossroads/si_us_revolutionary_era_collections huggingface dataset:
Richard Potter 6-Keyed Flute
Collection: National Museum of American History
Object type: flute
Date made: 1787 - 1800
maker: Potter, Richard
place made: United Kingdom: England, London
Physical Description: boxwood (overall material)
ivory (overall material)
silver (overall material)
Measurements: overall: 26 1/4 in x 1 1/2 in; 66.675 cm x 3.81 cm
Credit line: Gift of Estate of Mr. and Mrs. Roberdeau Buchanan
Topics: Musical instruments
Music
Flutes
Description: <p>This flute was made by Richard Potter in London, England around 1787 to 1800. It is a 6-keyed flute made of boxwood with ivory ferrules, an ivory crown cap, and silver keys. This flute is stamped:</p>
<p>PATENT<br>6<br>POTTER<br>JOHNSON'S COURT<br>FLEET STREET<br>LONDON</p>
<p>Richard Potter (1726-1806) was granted British Patent #1499 on October 28, 1785 for “An improvement upon the musical instrument commonly called the German flute, and which invention was also as to parts thereof applicable to and an improvement upon most of such other musical wood instruments as are played upon with keys.”</p>
Cramer & Key 3-keyed Serpent
Collection: National Museum of American History
Object type: serpent
date made: 1805 - 1807
maker: Cramer & Key
place made: United Kingdom: England, London
Physical Description: maple (overall material)
leather (overall material)
linen (overall material)
brass (overall material)
ivory (overall material)
Measurements: serpent: 4 3/4 in x 17 1/4 in x 28 7/8 in; 12.065 cm x 43.815 cm x 73.3425 cm
mouthpiece extender: 7/8 in x 4 3/8 in x 7 7/8 in; 2.2225 cm x 11.1125 cm x 20.0025 cm
mouthpiece ivory: 1 13/16 in x 1 5/16 in; 4.60375 cm x 3.33375 cm
box of fragments: 3 1/4 in x 10 in x 13 in; 8.255 cm x 25.4 cm x 33.02 cm
Credit line: Gift of Wesleyan University
Publisher: Densmore, Frances. Handbook of the Collection of Musical Instruments in the United States National Museum.
Topics: Musical instruments
Music
Description: <p>This serpent was made by Cramer & Key in London, England, around 1805-1807. It is a 3-keyed serpent made of maple, covered with leather and linen, strengthened by 2 metal rods. This serpent has 6 fingerholes with ivory bushes, 3 brass keys, a brass band at the top, a brass rim around the edge of the bell, brass crook, and an ivory mouthpiece. The keys have flat round key heads and are mounted in saddles. Etched on the top brass band:</p>
<p>CRAMER & KEY<br>PALL MALL LONDON</p>
<p>Instrument makers John Cramer (c. 1764 – 1828) and Thomas Key (17?? – 1853), had a brief partnership in London from 1804-1808. John Cramer was trained by instrument maker George Miller and took over his workshop in 1791 at No. 3 Dacre Street, Westminster. In July 1804 John Cramer started his business partership with his foreman Thomas Key at Pall Mall No. 2. In September 1807 their partnership was dissolved, and John Cramer continued with his son John Theodore Jonas Cramer (1792-1818) at Pall Mall No. 20.</p>
Wilhelm Staaden Walking Stick Flute
Collection: National Museum of American History
Object type: flute
Date made: 1775 - 1799
place made: Germany: Hesse, Leun
Physical Description: fruitwood (overall material)
brass (ferrule material)
horn (knob on upper end material)
ivory (overall material)
Measurements: overall: 88.5 cm; x 34 13/16 in
flute, foot: 13 in x 1 9/16 in; 33.02 cm x 3.96875 cm
Credit line: Mrs. John Crosby Brown
Topics: Musical instruments
Music
Flutes
Description: <p>This flute was made by Wilhelm Staaden in Leun, Holland around 1775 to 1799. It is a 1-keyed flute in the shape of a walking stick, made of fruitwood with a brass tip and key, horn knob, and an ivory lined cord hole. This flute is stamped:</p>
<p>W<br>STAADEN<br>LEUN<br>3</p>
George Waldhauser 1-Keyed Flute
Collection: National Museum of American History
Object type: flute
Date made: 1798
place made: Germany: Bavaria, Straubing
Physical Description: boxwood (overall material)
ivory (overall material)
Measurements: overall: 59 cm; x 23 1/4 in
overall: 3 3/16 in x 1 1/2 in; 8.09625 cm x 3.81 cm
Credit line: Mrs. John Crosby Brown
Publisher: Densmore, Frances. Handbook of the Collection of Musical Instruments in the United States National Museum.
Topics: Musical instruments
Music
Flutes
Description: <p>This flute was made by George Waldhauser in Straubing, Germany in 1798. It is a 1-keyed flute made of boxwood with ivory ferrules, key is missing. This flute is stamped:</p>
<PGEORG.<br>WALDHAUSER.<br>STRAUBING.<br>P<br>3<br>1798</p>
American Fife
Collection: National Museum of American History
Object type: fife
Date made: 1850 - 1860
date made: 1800 - 1899
unspecified: U.S. War Department
place made: United States
Physical Description: rosewood (overall material)
nickel silver (overall material)
Measurements: overall: 15 1/16 in x 3/4 in; 38.25875 cm x 1.905 cm
Credit line: Gift of War Department
Publisher: Densmore, Frances. Handbook of the Collection of Musical Instruments in the United States National Museum.
Topics: Musical instruments
Music
Military
Description (Brief): <p>This fife was made by an unknown maker in the United States, around 1850-1860. It is a United States Army Regulation fife in B-flat, made of rosewood with nickel silver ferrules. The fife is stamped:</p>
<p>Bb</p>
Clementi & Co. 6-Keyed Clarinet
Collection: National Museum of American History
Object type: clarinet
date made: 1802-1810
maker: Clementi & Co.
place made: United Kingdom: England, London
Physical Description: boxwood (overall material)
ivory (overall material)
brass (overall material)
Measurements: overall: 2 1/2 in x 3 in; 6.35 cm x 7.62 cm
cap: 2 1/4 in x 1 5/16 in; 5.715 cm x 3.33375 cm
barrel: 2 1/4 in x 1 7/16 in; 5.715 cm x 3.65125 cm
upper joint: 8 3/8 in x 1 9/16 in; 21.2725 cm x 3.96875 cm
middle joint: 5 in x 1 1/2 in; 12.7 cm x 3.81 cm
lower joint: 10 in x 1 3/4 in; 25.4 cm x 4.445 cm
bell: 4 5/8 in x 3 1/8 in; 11.7475 cm x 7.9375 cm
Credit line: Gift of Col. George F. Jeffcott
Topics: Musical instruments
Music
Clarinets
Description: <p>This clarinet was made by Clementi & Co. in London, England around 1802 to 1810. It is a 6-keyed clarinet in B-flat, made of boxwood with ivory ferrules and square brass keys. This clarinet is stamped:</p>
<p>CLEMENTI & CO<br>LONDON</p>
Wittman E-Flat Natural Trumpet
Collection: National Museum of American History
Object type: trumpet
date made: 1781-1807
place made: Germany: Bavaria, Nuremberg
Physical Description: brass (overall material)
cord (overall material)
Measurements: overall: 4 9/16 in x 5 in x 26 3/4 in; 11.58875 cm x 12.7 cm x 67.945 cm
Credit line: Gift of Cooper Union Museum
Topics: Musical instruments
Music
Trumpets
Description: <p>This trumpet was made by Christian Wittmann (died ca. 1807) in Nuremberg around 1781-1807. It is an E-flat natural trumpet made of brass with one coil and brass ferrules and ball decorated with engraved lines. This trumpet is engraved:</p>
<p>MACHT CHRISTIAN<br>WITTMANN IN NURNB<br>C * W</p>
Bagpipe (musette)
Collection: National Museum of American History
Object type: bagpipe
date made: 1775-1799
place made: France
Physical Description: leather (overall material)
ivory (overall material)
silver (overall material)
fabric (overall material)
Credit line: Made available through the Cooper Union Museum
Topics: Musical instruments
Music
Description: This bagpipe was made by an unknown maker in France, around 1775-1799. It is a musette style bagpipe, bellows blown, with a sewn leather bag with a faded red cover. The pipes and stocks are made of ivory. The main chanter is cylindrical, with a thumbhole, 7 fingerholes (the lowest double), and 6 silver keys. The auxiliary chanter is flat and pear-shaped with a blind bore, and 6 silver keys. The auxiliary chanter stock is closed at top and joined to the main chanter stock. Air passes from one to the other through a lateral hole in the stocks. 5 drones are housed in a short thick shuttle drilled with 14 narrow interconnecting passages. The 6 ivory sliders (2 for the bass drone) on the sides of the shuttle permit selection of drones and tuning.
Orchestral Horn
Collection: National Museum of American History
Object type: horn
date made: 1790-1810
place made: Europe
Physical Description: brass (overall material)
Measurements: overall: 15 3/8 in x 17 3/8 in x 11 in; 39.0525 cm x 44.1325 cm x 27.94 cm
Credit line: Gift of The University Museum, University of Pennsylvania (through Dr. Robert H. Dyson)
Topics: Musical instruments
Music
Description: This orchestral horn was made by an unknown maker in Europe, around 1790-1810. It is made of brass. The extra crooks in image #NMAH-MAH-75159/1000 are not part of this horn.
7-Keyed Bass Clarinet
Collection: National Museum of American History
Object type: clarinet
date made: 1800-1825
place made: United States
Physical Description: boxwood (overall material)
ivory (overall material)
brass (overall material)
Measurements: overall: 14 cm x 83 cm x 17.6 cm; x 5 1/2 in x 32 11/16 in x 6 15/16 in
mouthpiece: 3 15/16 in x 1 in; 10.00125 cm x 2.54 cm
barrel: 3 in x 7 in x 1 3/4 in; 7.62 cm x 17.78 cm x 4.445 cm
upper joint: 10 1/2 in x 1 7/8 in x 2 7/16 in; 26.67 cm x 4.7625 cm x 6.19125 cm
lower joint: 16 7/8 in x 2 1/2 in x 2 5/8 in; 42.8625 cm x 6.35 cm x 6.6675 cm
bell: 17 5/8 in x 5 7/16 in; 44.7675 cm x 13.81125 cm
Credit line: Gift of The University Museum, University of Pennsylvania (through Dr. Robert H. Dyson)
Topics: Musical instruments
Music
Clarinets
Description: This clarinet was made by an unknown maker in the United States around 1800 to 1825. It is a 7-keyed bass clarinet in C, made of boxwood with ivory and brass ferrules and square brass keys. This bass clarinet is made in bassoon form.
Pitch Pipe
Collection: National Museum of American History
Object type: pitch pipe
date made: 18th century
Physical Description: walnut (overall material)
brass (overall material)
bone (overall material)
Measurements: overall: 3.5 cm x 2.8 cm x 30.2 cm; 1 3/8 in x 1 1/8 in x 11 7/8 in
overall: 1 1/8 in x 1 3/8 in x 12 1/2 in; 2.8575 cm x 3.4925 cm x 31.75 cm
Credit line: Gift of The University Museum, University of Pennsylvania (through Dr. Robert H. Dyson)
Topics: Musical instruments
Music
Description: This pitch pipe was made by an unknown maker, provenance unknown, 18th century. It is made of walnut, with a sliding plunger capped with a bone and brass peg, pewter ferrule at end of pipe body. The scale is engraved in wood of plunger from E diatonically an octave to E. Provenance is subject to study.
Schmeid Natural Horn
Collection: National Museum of American History
Object type: horn
date made: 1788
place made: Germany: Rhineland Palatinate, Pfaffendorf
Physical Description: brass (overall material)
Measurements: overall: 12 3/4 in x 20 3/4 in x 9 3/8 in; 32.385 cm x 52.705 cm x 23.8125 cm
Credit line: Gift of The University Museum, University of Pennsylvania (through Dr. Robert H. Dyson)
Topics: Musical instruments
Music
Description: <p>This horn was made by Johann Joseph Schmeid in Pfaffendorf, Germany, in 1788. It is a natural horn in C, made of brass. This instrument is inscribed:</p>
<p>IOHANN IOSEPH SCHMIED<br>MACHTS IN PFAFFENDORFF<br>1788</p>
Viola d'amore (composite)
Collection: National Museum of American History
Object type: viola d'amore
date made: 18th century
place made: Eastern Europe
Physical Description: pine (overall material)
hardwood (overall material)
fruitwood (overall material)
Measurements: overall: 30 3/4 in x 8 7/8 in x 4 in; 78.105 cm x 22.5425 cm x 10.16 cm
Credit line: Gift of The University Museum, University of Pennsylvania (through Dr. Robert H. Dyson)
Topics: Musical instruments
Music
Description (Brief): <p>This viola d’amore (composite instrument) was made by an unknown maker, probably Eastern Europe, 18th century. This instrument has a two-piece table of pine, one piece back of slab-cut fruitwood with central strip inlay of dark hardwood, ribs are of similar fruitwood; neck and pegbox of plain fruitwood with a stained black carved blindfolded male head, and yellow-brown varnish. The label, printed and handwritten, indicates a date of 1853 with other text that remains to be identified and translated.</p>
<p>It is possible that this instrument from the Sarah Frishmuth collection at the University of Pennsylvania Museum may have come through the hands of Leopoldo Franciolini toward the end of the 19th century. The body is a composite of an 18th-century back and ribs joined with a 19th-century table re-cut and edged to accommodate the body outline. The neck and peg-box are probably original to the body, with late 19th-century stained black pegs, carved head and fittings.</p>
<p>Leopoldo Franciolini (1844–1920) was an Italian antique dealer who flourished in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. He is remembered as a fraudster who sold faked and altered historical musical instruments.</p>
French Musette Bagpipe
Collection: National Museum of American History
Object type: bagpipe
date made: 1775 - 1799
place made: France
Physical Description: satin (ribbons material)
cotton (strap material)
metal (keys material)
rosewood (overall material)
ivory (overall material)
silk velvet (overall material)
leather (overall material)
Measurements: bass drone and stock: 24.2 cm; 9 17/32 in
main chanter: 25.6 cm; 10 3/32 in
auxiliary chanter: 21.4 cm; 8 7/16 in
bellows: 21 cm x 5 cm; 8 9/32 in x 1 31/32 in
bag: 50.8 cm; 20 in
Credit line: Gift of The University Museum, University of Pennsylvania
Topics: Musical instruments
Music
Description: This bagpipe was made by an unknown maker in France, around 1775-1799. It is a musette bagpipe, bellows blown, with a sewn leather bag with 2 covers of faded and discolored material. It has rosewood pipes and stocks with ivory ferrules. The main chanter is cylindrical with a double reed, thumhole, 7 fingerholes (the lowest double), and 6 brass keys. The auxiliary chanter is flat and pear-shaped with a blind bore, double reed, and 8 brass keys. The auxiliary chanter stock is closed at the top and joined to the main chanter stock. 4 drones are housed in a short thick shuttle drilled with 13 narrow interconnecting passages. 5 ivory sliders (2 for the bass drone) on the sides of the shuttle permit selection of drones and tuning.
French Bagpipe
Collection: National Museum of American History
Object type: bagpipe
date made: 18th century
place made: France
Physical Description: thread, metallic (bag cover material)
silk (bag cover material)
felt (inner bag material)
leather (bag material)
boxwood (overall material)
pewter (overall material)
leather (overall material)
fabric, brocade (bag cover material)
Measurements: chanter: 33.3 cm; 13 1/8 in
tenor drone: 26.3 cm; 10 11/32 in
bass drone: 35.7 cm; 14 1/16 in
blow pipe: 9.5 cm; 3 3/4 in
bag: 48.3 cm; 19 1/32 in
Credit line: Gift of The University Museum, University of Pennsylvania
Topics: Musical instruments
Music
Description: This bagpipe was made by an unknown maker in France, in the 18th century. It is a mouth blown bagpipe, with a sewn leather bag, and an inner cover of green and outer cover of grey material with flowered patterns in many colors. The boxwood stocks and pipes have decorative pewter inlay. The chanter and small drone are mounted in a double stock. The large drone is mounted in separate stock. The conical chanter has 7 fingerholes, a thumbhole and 2 vent holes. The lowest fingerhole is repeated for either hand. No reeds. The date is subject to study.
European Snare Drum
Collection: National Museum of American History
Object type: drum
date made: 1775-1799
place made: Europe
Physical Description: wood (overall material)
paint (overall material)
rope (overall material)
leather (overall material)
Measurements: overall: 16 in x 17 in x 17 in; 40.64 cm x 43.18 cm x 43.18 cm
Credit line: Gift of The University Museum, University of Pennsylvania (through Dr. Robert H. Dyson)
Topics: Musical instruments
Music
Percussion
Description: <p>This drum was made by an unknown maker, probably Europe in the late 18th century. It has a wood shell that is painted with two lions flanking a shield containing four six-sided stars and a Maltese cross, and skin heads. The wood hoops are painted red, white and blue and are drilled with 10 holes each for rope which is laced through leather ears. There is a crude metal mechanism (missing parts) for the gut snare. The painted shield is inscribed:</p>
<p>Anno HAARLEM 1572</p>
<p>The date attribution is subject to study.</p>
Goulding & Co. 1-Keyed Flute
Collection: National Museum of American History
Object type: flute
Date made: 1795-1805
maker: Goulding & Co.
place made: United Kingdom: England, London
Physical Description: boxwood (overall material)
ivory (overall material)
brass (overall material)
Measurements: overall: 24 1/8 in x 1 5/8 in; 61.2775 cm x 4.1275 cm
Topics: Musical instruments
Music
Flutes
Description: <p>This flute was made by Goulding & Co. in London, England around 1795 to 1805. It is a 1-keyed flute made of stained boxwood with ivory ferrules and a brass key. This flute is stamped:</p>
<p>GOULDING & CO.</p>
Drum Head
Collection: National Museum of American History
Object type: drum head
Date made: 1800 - 1883
place made: United States
Measurements: overall: 18 3/4 in; 47.625 cm
Drum Head
Collection: National Museum of American History
Object type: drum head
Date made: 1800 - 1883
place made: United States
Physical Description: calf skin (overall material)
Measurements: overall: 31 in; 78.74 cm
Dawes New England Bass Viol
Collection: National Museum of American History
Object type: viol
Place Made: United States: Massachusetts, Windsor
Physical Description: pine (overall material)
maple (overall material)
Measurements: overall: 49 3/4 in x 18 1/2 in x 7 in; 126.365 cm x 46.99 cm x 17.78 cm
Credit line: Gift of Beatrice and Jacques Francais
Topics: Musical instruments
Music
Description (Brief): <p>This New England Bass Viol was made by Hervey Dawes in Windsor, Massachusetts, in 1793. It is made of a table of two pieces of yellow pine, back of one piece of slab-cut maple, ribs of similar plain maple, original maple neck, peg-box and scroll, and varnish of opaque reddish-brown color. Inside this instrument has a handwritten ink label:</p>
<p>Made By Hervey<br>Dawes Windsor<br>Mafs.<br>1793</p>
<p>[* 1793 in pencil]</p>
<p>In style and execution, the instrument displays very well refined woodworking skills and attention to aesthetic detail. In place of inlayed purfling, the edge is ornamental with alternating yellow and black dots of ink concluding with an inlaid brass pinhead in each of the corners of the table and back. The delicately shaped neck-foot is complemented by an ornamental carved peg-box. The unusual scroll is formed by a lathe-turned series of four volutes in diminishing diameters glued in place on the peg-box. In other respects, this bass viol is typical in construction: i.e., the ribs are inlaid into both back and table, with the neck and top-block fashioned in one piece allowing the body to be constructed “in the air” without specific templates and formal interior mold. The long extended “f” holes have upper and lower wings that remain connected to the table, and the body is without interior linings. The small corner blocks, shaped inside in a half-circle, were glued to the rib miters after the rib and back assembly had been completed.</p>
<p>The modern term for this instrument is church bass. During the late 18th and early 19th centuries, this instrument was also known as the American bass viol, New England bass viol, or Yankee bass viol. These church basses were used in churches and meeting houses to provide a bass line for maintaining a consistent key by New England congregational singers. The church bass was also used by popular singing groups such as the Hutchinson Family singers.</p>
Preston English Guitar
Collection: National Museum of American History
Object type: english guitar
Date made: 1775 - 1799
maker: Preston, John
place made: United Kingdom: England, London
Physical Description: spruce (top material)
maple (back, sides, neck material)
metal (strings material)
Measurements: overall: 27 1/8 in x 11 1/2 in x 3 3/4 in; 68.8975 cm x 29.21 cm x 9.525 cm
Credit line: Gift of Mary E. Maxwell
Topics: Musical instruments
Guitar
Music
Description: This guitar was made by John Preston of London, England around 1775-1799. It is a six course (4x2, 2x1) English guitar with a spruce top and figured maple back and sides. There is a decorative inlay cover over the soundhole and at the top of the pegbox. The guitar has a watch-key tuning device which was better suited to the guitar’s short metal strings. English guitars received great popularity with amateur musicians in Great Britain from about 1750 to 1810.
Pitch Pipe
Collection: National Museum of American History
Object type: pitch pipe
date made: 1774
place made: United States
Physical Description: wood (overall material)
ivory (overall material)
Measurements: overall: 2 5/16 in x 2 in x 11 1/8 in; 5.87375 cm x 5.08 cm x 28.2575 cm
Credit line: Gift of Eleanor P. Merrick
Topics: Musical instruments
Music
Description (Brief): <p>This pitch pipe was made by an unknown maker probably in the United States, 1774. It is made of wood with a sliding plunger with a knob, engraved with a scale of pitches. The pitch pipe is elaborately inlaid with hardwoods and ivory. There is an engraved ivory medallion:</p>
<p>1774</p>
Thompson Violoncello (1/4 size)
Collection: National Museum of American History
Object type: cello
Date made: ca 1780
place made: United Kingdom: England, London
Physical Description: pine (overall material)
Measurements: overall: 7 in x 14 1/4 in x 40 7/8 in; 17.78 cm x 36.195 cm x 103.8225 cm
Credit line: Gift of Beatrice and Jacques Francais
Topics: Musical instruments
Cellos
Music
Description: <p>This violoncello was made by Charles and Samuel Thompson in London, about 1780. It is a ¼ size violoncello, made of a table of pine slab cut on the bass side, joined to quarter-cut pine on the treble. The interior has square linings and ribs finished with a toothed plane. The lower bout ribs are joined at the bottom block with notches at the top and bottom of the joint for centering of the model . There is an original printed label inside the instrument:</p>
<p>CHA: & SAM THOMPSON,<br>in St. Paul’s Church Yard<br>L O N D O N</p>
<p>The brothers Charles and Samuel Thompson were the successors of their father, Robert, who worked in St. Paul’s Church Yard around 1740-1769. The brothers continued the business (ca. 1770-1790), making and selling instruments of commercial quality made from common wood, with painted ink purfling and dark reddish-brown opaque varnish.</p>
Cello Bow
Collection: National Museum of American History
Object type: bow
date made: 1795-1805
Measurements: overall: 1 5/16 in x 9/16 in x 27 1/8 in; 3.33375 cm x 1.42875 cm x 68.8975 cm
Credit line: Bequest of Janos Scholz
Cello Bow
Collection: National Museum of American History
Object type: bow
date made: 1770-1790
Measurements: overall: 1 3/8 in x 5/8 in x 27 5/8 in; 3.4925 cm x 1.5875 cm x 70.1675 cm
Credit line: Bequest of Janos Scholz
Cello Bow
Collection: National Museum of American History
Object type: bow
date made: 1775-1785
Measurements: overall: 1 1/8 in x 7/16 in x 28 3/8 in; 2.8575 cm x 1.11125 cm x 72.0725 cm
Credit line: Bequest of Janos Scholz
Chappuy Quinton
Collection: National Museum of American History
Object type: quinton
date made: 1770-1780
maker: Chappuy, Nicolas
place made: France: Île-de-France, Paris
Physical Description: spruce (overall material)
maple (overall material)
Measurements: overall: 25 1/4 in x 8 1/4 in x 3 1/2 in; 64.135 cm x 20.955 cm x 8.89 cm
Credit line: Gift of Lex K. Larson in memory of Arthur Larson
Topics: Musical instruments
Music
Description (Brief): <p>This Quinton was made by Nicolas Chappuy in Paris, France, around 1770-1780. It is made of a two-piece spruce top of a fine grain, two-piece maple back of a fine figure descending from the center seam, ribs of maple of a plain and a faint figure, and yellow-gold colored varnish. The carved human head, pegbox and neck are of maple and are original to the instrument. This instrument is stamped on the back:</p>
<p>N. Chappuy</p>