RevolutionCrossroads/si_us_revolutionary_era_collections huggingface dataset:
Martha Washington
Collection: National Portrait Gallery
Object type: Silhouette
Date: c. 1803-04
Artist: William Bache, 22 Dec 1771 - 9 Jul 1845
Sitter: Martha Dandridge Custis Washington, 2 Jun 1731 - 22 May 1802
Medium: Cut coated paper mounted on paper
Dimensions: Image (approx): 7.9 × 7 cm (3 1/8 × 2 3/4")
Book closed: 47.3 × 34.9 × 4.8 cm (18 5/8 × 13 3/4")
Book open: 47.3 × 66.7 × 4.8 cm (18 5/8 × 26 1/4")
Credit line: National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution; partial gift of Sarah Bache Bloise
Topics: Women
Cut-out
Books and reading
Government
Portraits
Silhouette
Presidents' spouses
First ladies
Headgear
Albums
Bonnet
Costume
Hats
Politics
First Lady of US
Mr Geo. Washington
No 2
X
Thomas Jefferson
Collection: National Portrait Gallery
Object type: Silhouette
Date: c. 1803-04
Artist: William Bache, 22 Dec 1771 - 9 Jul 1845
Sitter: Thomas Jefferson, 13 Apr 1743 - 4 Jul 1826
Medium: Cut coated paper mounted on paper
Dimensions: Image (approx): 7.9 × 7 cm (3 1/8 × 2 3/4")
Book closed: 47.3 × 34.9 × 4.8 cm (18 5/8 × 13 3/4 × 1 7/8")
Book open: 47.3 × 66.7 × 4.8 cm (18 5/8 × 26 1/4 × 1 7/8")
Credit line: National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution; partial gift of Sarah Bache Bloise
Topics: Business and Finance
Legislators
Cut-out
Art
Books and reading
Arts and Culture
Architects
Natural resources commerce
Silhouette
Secretary of State
Governors
Founder
Albums
Universities
Colonial statesman
Statesman
Signer of Declaration
Public officers
Vice-Presidents
Diplomats
Presidents
Minister
Cabinet member
Congressmen
Farmers
Government
Diplomacy
Portraits
Lawyers
Continental congressman
Science and Technology
Agriculturists
Inventors
Men
Law and Crime
Politics
Education and Scholarship
Portfolio/Series: Ledger book of William Bache, with associated pieces
No 5
10
Th. G. ...
James Wilkinson
Collection: National Portrait Gallery
Object type: Silhouette
Date: 1804
Artist: William Bache, 22 Dec 1771 - 9 Jul 1845
Sitter: James Wilkinson, 24 Mar 1757 - 28 Dec 1825
Medium: Cut coated paper mounted on paper
Dimensions: Image (approx): 7.9 × 7 cm (3 1/8 × 2 3/4")
Book closed: 47.3 × 34.9 × 4.8 cm (18 5/8 × 13 3/4")
Book open: 47.3 × 66.7 × 4.8 cm (18 5/8 × 26 1/4")
Credit line: National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution; partial gift of Sarah Bache Bloise
Topics: Cut-out
Books and reading
Government
Territorial Governor
Portraits
Silhouette
Governors
Albums
Military and Intelligence
Men
American Revolution (1775-1783)
Public officers
Politics
Officer
[None]
George Wythe
Collection: National Portrait Gallery
Object type: Silhouette
Date: c. 1803-04
Artist: William Bache, 22 Dec 1771 - 9 Jul 1845
Sitter: George Wythe, 3 Dec 1726 - 8 Jun 1806
Medium: Cut coated paper mounted on paper
Dimensions: Image (approx): 7.9 × 7 cm (3 1/8 × 2 3/4")
Book closed: 47.3 × 34.9 × 4.8 cm (18 5/8 × 13 3/4")
Book open: 47.3 × 66.7 × 4.8 cm (18 5/8 × 26 1/4")
Credit line: National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution; partial gift of Sarah Bache Bloise
Topics: Cut-out
Books and reading
Government
Portraits
Silhouette
Lawyers
Educators
Albums
Jurist
Colonial statesman
Statesman
Men
Signer of Declaration
Law and Crime
Politics
Education and Scholarship
[None]
George Washington
Collection: National Portrait Gallery
Object type: Print
Date: 1798
Artist: David Edwin, 1776 - 1841
Sitter: George Washington, 22 Feb 1732 - 14 Dec 1799
Medium: Engraving on paper
Dimensions: Sheet: 36.2 x 25.5cm (14 1/4 x 10 1/16")
Credit line: National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution
Topics: Office
Business and Finance
Natural resources commerce
Dress accessories
Design
Colonial statesman
Weapons
Statesman
Swords
Military and Intelligence
American Revolution (1775-1783)
Public officers
Presidents
Congressional Gold Medal
Farmers
Government
Interior decoration
Portraits
Civilian awards
Science and Technology
Agriculturists
Surveyors
Costume
Men
Politics
Officer
E. Bartoli Fecit
D. Edmonston Sc.
His Excellency GEORGE WASHINGTON Lieut. Genl. of the Armies of the United States of America. Respectfully Dedicated to the Lovers of their Country and Firm Supporters of its Constitution.
Published by D. Kennedy, 229 Mark St. Philad a
Alexander Hamilton
Collection: National Portrait Gallery
Object type: Print
Date: c. 1800-04
Artist: George Graham, active 1786 - 1813
Sitter: Alexander Hamilton, 11 Jan 1757 - 11 Jul 1804
Medium: Mezzotint on paper
Dimensions: Sheet: 55.5 x 40.8cm (21 7/8 x 16 1/16")
Credit line: National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution
Topics: Legislators
Books and reading
Arts and Culture
Society of the Cincinnati
Writers
Home Furnishings
Printed Material
Design
Symbols & Motifs
Inkstand
Chairs
Column
Seating
Military and Intelligence
Tables
American Revolution (1775-1783)
Public officers
Cabinet member
Literature
Congressmen
Architecture
Government
Interior decoration
Portraits
Lawyers
Drafting & Writing Implements
Furnishings
Continental congressman
Men
Secretary of Treasury
Law and Crime
Politics
Medal
Officer
[None]
John Winthrop
Collection: National Portrait Gallery
Object type: Painting
Date: c. 1800, after early 17th century original
Artist: Unidentified Artist
Copy after: Unidentified Artist
Sitter: John Winthrop, 1587/8 - 1649
Medium: Oil on canvas
Dimensions: Sight: 74.6 x 62.2cm (29 3/8 x 24 1/2")
Frame: 93.7 x 81.4 x 6.7cm (36 7/8 x 32 1/16 x 2 5/8")
Credit line: National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution, gift of Dr. and Mrs. R. Ted Steinbock
Topics: Neckwear
Ruff
Government
Dress accessories
Goatee
Portraits
Facial Hair
Governors
Colonial Governor
Costume
Men
Public officers
Politics
Collar
Exhibition Label: Born Edwardstone, Suffolk, England
English Puritan and lawyer John Winthrop was a founding member of the Massachusetts Bay Colony. Appointed as the colony’s first governor in 1629, Winthrop proclaimed that this godly community would be a “city upon a hill” for other nations to admire. Serving twelve non-consecutive terms as governor, he guided the commonwealth in its foundational years. The government he formed was inseparable from Puritan values. Although Winthrop and his fellow Puritans had fled religious persecution in Britain, they did not tolerate dissent in the new commonwealth, which banished anyone who challenged religious authority.
As colonists expanded their settlements on Indigenous lands, Winthrop declared war against the Pequot tribe. Following the massacre of Pequot people in 1637, he proclaimed victory and declared a public day of thanksgiving. Indigenous prisoners of war were traded for goods or enslaved by colonists, with Winthrop owning at least one.
Nacido en Edwardstone, Suffolk, Inglaterra
El abogado de fe puritana John Winthrop estuvo entre los fundadores de la colonia de la Bahía de Massachusetts y fue designado su primer gobernador en 1629, proclamando que esta devota comunidad sería una “ciudad en lo alto de una colina” para admiración de las demás naciones. Sirvió 12 términos consecutivos como gobernador y guio a la mancomunidad en sus años fundacionales. Su gobierno era inseparable de los valores puritanos. Aunque él y sus compañeros de fe habían huido de la persecución religiosa en Gran Bretaña, no toleraban disensiones en la mancomunidad, y quien desafiara la autoridad religiosa era expulsado.
Mientras los colonos expandían sus asentamientos en tierras indígenas, Winthrop declaró la guerra a la tribu pequot. Tras la masacre del pueblo pequot en 1637, proclamó su victoria y declaró un día de “acción de gracias”. Los prisioneros de guerra indígenas fueron intercambiados por mercancía o esclavizados por los colonos, incluido Winthrop.
Provenance: (Adam A. Weschler & Son, Inc., Washington, 13 December 2003, lot 538); purchased NPG
[None]
Washington Irving
Collection: National Portrait Gallery
Object type: Drawing
Date: 1808
Artist: John Wesley Jarvis, 1780 - 14 Jan 1840
Sitter: Washington Irving, 3 Apr 1783 - 28 Nov 1859
Medium: Ink on paper
Dimensions: Image: 14.9 x 13.4cm (5 7/8 x 5 1/4")
Sheet: 34.3 x 25.3cm (13 1/2 x 9 15/16")
Mat: 45.7 x 35.6cm (18 x 14")
Credit line: National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution; gift of John Boyd
Topics: Books and reading
Arts and Culture
Literature
Writers
Government
Diplomacy
Portraits
Lawyers
History
Headgear
Vehicles
Printed Material
Ships
Costume
Men
Hats
Law and Crime
Politics
Diplomats
Novelists
Thomas Tudor Tucker
Collection: National Portrait Gallery
Object type: Drawing
Date: 1805
Artist: Charles Balthazar Julien Févret de Saint-Mémin, 12 Mar 1770 - 23 Jun 1852
Sitter: Thomas Tudor Tucker, 1745 - 1828
Place: United States/District of Columbia/Washington
Medium: Black chalk on prepared pink paper
Dimensions: Sheet: 58.9 x 44.6cm (23 3/16 x 17 9/16")
Frame: 71.4 × 58.7 × 6.4cm (28 1/8 × 23 1/8 × 2 1/2")
Credit line: National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution; gift of Cynthia Beverley Tucker Kimbrough Barlowe
Topics: Legislators
Cabinet member
Medicine and Health
Congressmen
Government
Physicians
Men
Secretary of Treasury
Portraits
Public officers
Politics
[None]
Fisher Ames
Collection: National Portrait Gallery
Object type: Drawing
Date: c. 1797
Artist: James Sharples, c. 1751 - 26 Feb 1811
Sitter: Fisher Ames, 9 Apr 1758 - 4 Jul 1808
Medium: Pastel on paper
Dimensions: Sight: 23.5 x 18.3cm (9 1/4 x 7 3/16")
Frame: 29.8 x 24.4 x 1.9cm (11 3/4 x 9 5/8 x 3/4")
Credit line: National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution
Topics: Business and Finance
Legislators
Congressmen
Government
Businessperson
Portraits
Lawyers
Company president
Men
Public officers
Law and Crime
Politics
Business executive
[None]
George Washington
Collection: National Portrait Gallery
Object type: Print
Date: 1790
Artist: Joseph Wright, 16 Jul 1756 - c. 11 Oct 1793
Sitter: George Washington, 22 Feb 1732 - 14 Dec 1799
Medium: Etching on paper
Dimensions: Sheet: 7 cm (2 3/4") diameter
Credit line: National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution
Topics: Business and Finance
Congressional Gold Medal
Farmers
Government
Natural resources commerce
Portraits
Civilian awards
Science and Technology
Colonial statesman
Agriculturists
Statesman
Surveyors
Military and Intelligence
Men
American Revolution (1775-1783)
Public officers
Politics
Presidents
Officer
[None]
Stephen Decatur
Collection: National Portrait Gallery
Object type: Drawing
Date: 1802
Artist: Charles Balthazar Julien Févret de Saint-Mémin, 12 Mar 1770 - 23 Jun 1852
Sitter: Stephen Decatur, Sr., 1752 - 1808
Medium: Black and white chalk on paper
Dimensions: Sheet: 49.5 x 36.2 cm (19 1/2 x 14 1/4")
Frame: 65.5 x 50.4 x 3.8 cm (25 13/16 x 19 13/16 x 1 1/2")
Credit line: National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution; gift of Robert L. McNeil, Jr.
Topics: Costume
Military and Intelligence
Men
Dress accessories
Portraits
Officer
[None]
William Linn
Collection: National Portrait Gallery
Object type: Painting
Date: early 1790s
Attribution: Archibald Robertson, 8 May 1765 - 6 Dec 1835
Sitter: William Linn, 27 Feb 1752 - 8 Jan 1808
Medium: Watercolor on ivory
Dimensions: 5.7 x 4.4 x 0.6cm (2 1/4 x 1 3/4 x 1/4")
Credit line: National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution; gift of DeWitt Linn Sage Conserved with funds from the Smithsonian Women's Committee
Topics: Religion and Spirituality
Men
Portraits
Clergy
Minister
Provenance: DeWitt Linn Sage, Greenwich, Conn., descendant of sitter; gift 2007 to NPG
[None None]
Thomas Pinckney
Collection: National Portrait Gallery
Object type: Painting
Date: 1791
Artist: John Trumbull, 6 Jun 1756 - 10 Nov 1843
Sitter: Thomas Pinckney, 23 Oct 1750 - 2 Nov 1828
Medium: Oil on wood panel
Dimensions: Sight: 8.6 x 7cm (3 3/8 x 2 3/4")
Frame: 15.9 x 14.6cm (6 1/4 x 5 3/4")
Credit line: National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution; gift of Elise Pinckney
Topics: Government
Diplomacy
Portraits
Lawyers
Governors
Military and Intelligence
Men
American Revolution (1775-1783)
Public officers
Law and Crime
Politics
Diplomats
Minister
Officer
Provenance: Elise Pinckney, Mt. Pleasant, South Carolina, descendant of sitter; gift 2007 to NPG
[None]
Charles Cotesworth Pinckney
Collection: National Portrait Gallery
Object type: Painting
Date: 1791
Artist: John Trumbull, 6 Jun 1756 - 10 Nov 1843
Sitter: Charles Cotesworth Pinckney, 25 Feb 1746 - 25 Aug 1825
Medium: Oil on wood panel
Dimensions: Frame: 15.9 x 14cm (6 1/4 x 5 1/2")
Sight: 8.6 x 7cm (3 3/8 x 2 3/4")
Credit line: National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution; gift of Elise Pinckney
Topics: Presidential candidate
Legislators
Congressmen
Government
Diplomacy
Portraits
Lawyers
Governors
Signer of Constitution
Statesman
Military and Intelligence
Men
Senators
American Revolution (1775-1783)
Public officers
Law and Crime
Politics
Prisoner of War
Diplomats
Minister
Officer
Exhibition Label: Born Charles Town (now Charleston), South Carolina
While traveling along the East Coast in 1791, “taking heads” of Revolutionary War heroes, the painter John Trumbull sought out Charles Cotesworth Pinckney. A leading political and military figure in South Carolina, Pinckney was also a wealthy landowner who enslaved dozens on his plantations. During the drafting of the U.S. Constitution in 1787, Pinckney had opposed including a bill of rights declaring all men were born free. He later defended his position, arguing it a “very bad grace when a large part of our property consists of men who are actually born slaves.”
Nacido en Charles Town (hoy Charleston), Carolina del Sur
Viajando por la costa este del país en 1791 para “hacer cabezas” de los héroes de la Guerra de Independencia, el pintor John Trumbull contactó a Charles Cotesworth Pinckney. Importante figura política y militar de Carolina del Sur, Pinckney era también hacendado y tuvo docenas de esclavizados en sus plantaciones. Cuando se redactaba la Constitución de EE.UU. en 1787, se opuso a la declaración de que todos los hombres nacen libres. Luego argumentó que la declaración sería “mal recibida, dado que gran parte de nuestras propiedades consisten de hombres que de hecho han nacido esclavos”.
Provenance: Elise Pinckney, Mt. Pleasant, South Carolina, descendant; gift 2007 to NPG
[None]
George Washington Apotheosis
Collection: National Portrait Gallery
Object type: Decorative Arts
Date: c. 1800-02
Artist: Unidentified Artist
Copy after: John James Barralet, 1747 - 1815
Sitter: George Washington, 22 Feb 1732 - 14 Dec 1799
Medium: Transfer image on ceramic
Dimensions: Other: 26.5 x 27 x 20 cm (10 7/16 x 10 5/8 x 7 7/8")
Credit line: National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution
Topics: Business and Finance
Congressional Gold Medal
Farmers
Government
Natural resources commerce
Portraits
Civilian awards
Science and Technology
Colonial statesman
Agriculturists
Statesman
Surveyors
Military and Intelligence
Men
American Revolution (1775-1783)
Public officers
Politics
Presidents
Officer
['' None 'JOHN TAYLOR.']
Daniel Leonard
Collection: National Portrait Gallery
Object type: Painting
Date: c. 1770
Artist: Unidentified Artist
Sitter: Daniel Leonard, 18 May 1740 - 27 Jun 1829
Medium: Watercolor on ivory
Dimensions: 3.8 x 3.5 x 0.6cm (1 1/2 x 1 3/8 x 1/4")
Credit line: National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution Conserved with funds from the Smithsonian Women's Committee
Topics: Justice
Arts and Culture
Literature
Writers
Government
Dress accessories
Portraits
Lawyers
Button
Costume
Men
Loyalist
Law and Crime
Politics
Judges
Provenance: (Webster’s Fine Books and Maps, Toronto); purchased 2007 NPG
[None]
John Paul Jones
Collection: National Portrait Gallery
Object type: Print
Date: 1781
Artist: Jean Michel Moreau, Le Jeune, 1741 - 1814
Sitter: John Paul Jones, 6 Jul 1747 - 18 Jul 1792
Medium: Engraving on paper
Dimensions: Sheet: 21.5 x 16.2 cm (8 7/16 x 6 3/8")
Credit line: National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution
Topics: Congressional Gold Medal
Government
Dress accessories
Portraits
Civilian awards
Headgear
Tricorne
Costume
Military and Intelligence
Men
Public officers
Hats
Politics
Officer
Dessiné d'après nature au mois de may 1780 par J. M. Moreau le Jeune.
Gravé à l'Eau forte par J. M. Moreau le Jeune. Terminé au burin par J. B. Fosseux 1781.
John Paul Jones
Tels hommes rarement se peuvent présenter, Et quand le Ciel les donne, il faut en profiter.
Boullée sculpit.
MOLINIER. Gloire du Val de grace.
a Paris chez l'Auteur rue du Coq St. Honoré, près le Louvre. A.P.D.R.
George Washington
Collection: National Portrait Gallery
Object type: Print
Date: c. 1793
Artist: Edward Savage, 26 Nov 1761 - 6 Jul 1817
Sitter: George Washington, 22 Feb 1732 - 14 Dec 1799
Medium: Mezzotint on paper
Dimensions: Sheet: 52.9 x 38.2 cm (20 13/16 x 15 1/16")
Mat: 71.1 x 55.9 cm (28 x 22")
Credit line: National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution
Topics: Business and Finance
Natural resources commerce
Home Furnishings
Printed Material
Colonial statesman
Statesman
Column
Military and Intelligence
Curtain
Tables
American Revolution (1775-1783)
Public officers
Presidents
Congressional Gold Medal
Farmers
Architecture
Government
Portraits
Civilian awards
Furnishings
Science and Technology
Agriculturists
Surveyors
Men
Politics
Officer
George Washington
PRESIDENT of the UNITED STATES of AMERICA.
From the Original Portrait Painted at the request of the Corporation of the University of Cambridge in Massachusetts
George Washington
Collection: National Portrait Gallery
Object type: Print
Date: 1799
Artist: John Roberts, 1768 - 1803
Copy after: Benjamin Trott, 1769 - 27 Nov 1843
Gilbert Stuart, 3 Dec 1755 - 9 Jul 1828
Sitter: George Washington, 22 Feb 1732 - 14 Dec 1799
Medium: Mezzotint on paper
Dimensions: Sheet: 9.3 x 7.1 cm (3 11/16 x 2 13/16")
Credit line: National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution
Topics: Business and Finance
Congressional Gold Medal
Farmers
Government
Natural resources commerce
Portraits
Civilian awards
Science and Technology
Colonial statesman
Agriculturists
Statesman
Surveyors
Military and Intelligence
Men
American Revolution (1775-1783)
Public officers
Politics
Presidents
Officer
[None]
John Adams
Collection: National Portrait Gallery
Object type: Print
Date: c. 1810-26
Artist: Nathaniel Dearborn, 1786 - 1852
Copy after: David Edwin, 1776 - 1841
Edward Savage, 26 Nov 1761 - 6 Jul 1817
Sitter: John Adams, 30 Oct 1735 - 4 Jul 1826
Medium: Engraving on paper
Dimensions: Sheet: 42.9 x 31.8cm (16 7/8 x 12 1/2")
Mat: 55.9 x 40.6cm (22 x 16")
Credit line: National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution
Topics: Legislators
Arts and Culture
Literature
Congressmen
Writers
Government
Diplomacy
Portraits
Continental congressman
Colonial statesman
Statesman
Men
Signer of Declaration
Public officers
Politics
Vice-Presidents
Diplomats
Presidents
Published by N. Dearborn, Boston.
JOHN ADAMS.
Second President of the United States of America.
Thomas Ash II
Collection: National Portrait Gallery
Object type: Painting
Date: 1807
Artist: Thomas Sully, 19 Jun 1783 - 5 Nov 1872
Sitter: Thomas Ash II, 1785 - after 1824
Medium: Oil on canvas
Dimensions: Stretcher: 66.4 x 56.2cm (26 1/8 x 22 1/8")
Frame: 85.1 x 74.3 x 8.9cm (33 1/2 x 29 1/4 x 3 1/2")
Credit line: National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution; partial gift of the Fund in Honor of Barbara Novak
Topics: Art
Arts and Culture
Men
Cabinetmaker
Portraits
Artists
Furniture maker
Provenance: (Sumpter Priddy, III, Inc., Alexandria, Va.); purchased 2008 NPG
[None]
Thomas Paine
Collection: National Portrait Gallery
Object type: Painting
Date: c. 1792
Artist: Laurent Dabos, 1761 - 1835
Sitter: Thomas Paine, 29 Jan 1737 - 8 Jun 1809
Medium: Oil on canvas
Dimensions: Stretcher: 34 x 26cm (13 3/8 x 10 1/4")
Frame: 50.8 x 43.5cm (20 x 17 1/8")
Credit line: National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution
Topics: Social Welfare and Reform
Neckwear
Arts and Culture
Literature
Writers
Government
Magazine editor
Dress accessories
Portraits
Home Furnishings
Furnishings
Reformers
Science and Technology
Statesman
Inventors
Humanitarianism
Chairs
Seating
Costume
Men
Politics
Journalism and Media
Cravat
Exhibition Label: Born Thetford, England
“We have it in our power to begin the world over again,” Thomas Paine proclaimed in Common Sense. Published anonymously in January 1776 (just fourteen months after his arrival in Philadelphia from England), Paine’s pamphlet helped lay the groundwork for the Declaration of Independence in July. After war broke out, he continued to boost morale, beginning his series of Crisis essays (1776–83) with the words, “These are the times that try Men’s souls.”
Paine’s attacks on hereditary monarchy and his declaration of liberty and equality as fundamental rights made him a hero in revolutionary France. In response to public demand for his image, this portrait was painted as a model for engravings.
After fifteen years in Europe, Paine returned to the United States in 1802 to find his fortunes changed.
His assault on traditional religion in The Age of Reason
(1794–1807) had cost him friends and public support.
Nacido en Thetford, Inglaterra
“Tenemos el poder de empezar el mundo de nuevo”, proclamó Thomas Paine en Sentido común. Publicado anónimamente en enero de 1776 (14 meses después de llegar Paine a Filadelfia desde Inglaterra), el panfleto preparó el terreno para la Declaración de Independencia en julio. Tras estallar la guerra, Paine siguió animando al pueblo; su serie de ensayos La crisis americana (1776–83) comienza así: “Estos son tiempos que ponen a prueba el alma de los hombres”.
Los ataques de Paine a la monarquía hereditaria y su afirmación de que la libertad y la igualdad son derechos fundamentales lo convirtieron en héroe de la Francia revolucionaria. Ante la demanda de alguna imagen de él, esta pintura sirvió de modelo para hacer grabados.
De regreso a EE.UU. en 1802, tras 15 años en Europa, su suerte había cambiado. La edad de la razón (1794–1807), su ataque a la religión tradicional, le había costado amistades y el apoyo público.
Provenance: (Salamander Fine Arts, London); purchased 2008 NPG
[None]
Benjamin Thompson, Count of Rumford
Collection: National Portrait Gallery
Object type: Print
Date: 1801
Artist: John Raphael Smith, 1752 - 2 Mar 1812
Sitter: Benjamin Thompson, 26 Mar 1753 - 21 Aug 1814
Medium: Mezzotint engraving on paper
Dimensions: Sheet: 57 x 42.1 cm (22 7/16 x 16 9/16")
Mat: 71.1 x 55.9 cm (28 x 22")
Credit line: National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution
Topics: Social Welfare and Reform
Art
Books and reading
Arts and Culture
Papers
Quill
Dress accessories
Home Furnishings
Reformers
Printed Material
Chairs
Social reformer
Seating
Tables
Drape
Physicist
Sash
Portraits
Drafting & Writing Implements
Furnishings
Science and Technology
Costume
Bookshelf
Men
Scientists
Artists
Pens
Benjamin, Count of Rumford
Knight of the Illustrious Orders of the White Eagle, and Saint Stanislaus:
Chamberlain, Privy Counsellor à Plats , and Lieutenant-General in the Service of His Most Serene Highness the Elector Bavaro-Palatine.
Vice-President of the Royal Society of London; and one of the Managers of the Royal Institutions of Great Britain.
L. L. D. Acad. Reg. Hibern. Berl. Elec. Boicae. Palat. Americ. Genev. et Mancuniens. Socius, &c.
Printed, Engraved & Published April 2, 1801, by I. R. SMITH, Marquis Engraver, to H. R. H. the Prince of Wales N. 31 King Street Westmin. London.
Dr. Thomas Parke
Collection: National Portrait Gallery
Object type: Drawing
Date: 1802
Artist: Charles Balthazar Julien Févret de Saint-Mémin, 12 Mar 1770 - 23 Jun 1852
Sitter: Thomas Parke, 1749 - 1835
Medium: Black and white chalk on paper
Dimensions: Sheet: 52.8 x 41.3cm (20 13/16 x 16 1/4")
Frame: 65.6 × 52.9 × 3.8cm (25 13/16 × 20 13/16 × 1 1/2")
Credit line: National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution
Topics: Medicine and Health
Physicians
Men
Portraits
[None None]