RevolutionCrossroads/si_us_revolutionary_era_collections huggingface dataset:
Apothecary Bottle
Collection: National Museum of American History
Object type: bottle
bottle; Pharmaceutical Container
date made: 18th century
Physical Description: glass (overall material)
paint (overall material)
Measurements: overall: 14.2 cm x 7 cm x 6.5 cm; 5 9/16 in x 2 3/4 in x 2 9/16 in
Credit line: Gift of American Pharmaceutical Association and Bristol-Myers Squibb Company
Publisher: Urdang, George and Ferdinand William Nitardy. The Squibb Ancient Pharmacy: A Catalogue of the Collection
Topics: Art
Pharmacy
European Apothecary
Health & Medicine
Description: This blown and molded square-shaped bottle has a narrow neck and a flared lip. The white baked enamel shield is framed by stylized blue leaves with yellow and red flowers. A yellow crown sits atop the shield. The jar is labeled with the alchemical symbol for Spirit, Tartar, and the letters <i>RI</i> in black. Tartar, also known as cream of tartar, or potassium bitartrate is a by product of the winemaking process, crystallizing from the must (juice, pulp, and skin of grapes) in the fermenting barrel. Tartar was used as a diuretic and as a cathartic.
[None]
CASTOR EUM
Collection: National Museum of American History
Object type: jar
date made: 18th century
Physical Description: glass (overall material)
paint (overall material)
paper (overall material)
Measurements: overall: 6.1 cm x 5.6 cm; 2 13/32 in x 2 7/32 in
Credit line: Gift of American Pharmaceutical Association and Bristol-Myers Squibb Company
Publisher: Urdang, George and Ferdinand William Nitardy. The Squibb Ancient Pharmacy: A Catalogue of the Collection
Estes, J. Worth. Dictionary of Protopharmacology: Therapeutic Practices, 1700-1850
Topics: Art
Pharmacy
European Apothecary
Health & Medicine
Description: The label applied in the cold paint technique is marked in black and red <i>CASTOR Eum.</i> The jar is blown green glass and is covered with paper secured with string. The late historian J. Worth Estes, former professor of pharmacology at Boston University describes Castoreum as <i>a fatty material from the glands lying between the anus and external glands of the Russian beaver.</i> It was used as a nerve tonic, an antiemetic, and an emmenagogue to hasten menstruation. Today Castoreum is still used in perfumes. The jar contains two folded paper packets.
[None]
Apothecary Jar, CORAL ALBI
Collection: National Museum of American History
Object type: jar
date made: 18th century
Physical Description: glass (overall material)
paint (overall material)
Measurements: overall: 6.1 cm x 5.5 cm; 2 3/8 in x 2 3/16 in
Credit line: Gift of American Pharmaceutical Association and Bristol-Myers Squibb Company
Publisher: Urdang, George and Ferdinand William Nitardy. The Squibb Ancient Pharmacy: A Catalogue of the Collection
Topics: Art
Pharmacy
European Apothecary
Health & Medicine
Description: Blown, aqua-colored glass container. Marked in alternating red and black paint <i>CORAL ALBI</i>. Coral was used for centuries for a variety of ills including but not limited to the reduction of fever, the prevention of bleeding in pregnant women, for gastric pain and to protect infants from convulsions.
[None]
Drug Jar
Collection: National Museum of American History
Object type: jar
jar; bottle; Pharmaceutical Container
date made: 18th century
Physical Description: glass (overall material)
paint (overall material)
Measurements: overall: 8.5 cm x 5.8 cm; 3 3/8 in x 2 5/16 in
Credit line: Gift of American Pharmaceutical Association and Bristol-Myers Squibb Company
Publisher: Urdang, George and Ferdinand William Nitardy. The Squibb Ancient Pharmacy: A Catalogue of the Collection
Topics: Art
Pharmacy
European Apothecary
Health & Medicine
Description: This blown glass drug jar has a flared lip and its baked white oval enamel label is framed by green vines. Containers with blank labels could be filled with different ingredients depending on the apothecary's needs. When the contents of the jars were replaced, the apothecary would write the appropriate name in the medallion.
[None]
Elix Pectoralis
Collection: National Museum of American History
Object type: bottle
bottle; Pharmaceutical Container
date made: 18th century
Physical Description: glass (overall material)
paint (overall material)
Measurements: overall: 15.7 cm x 16.6 cm; 6 3/16 in x 6 17/32 in
Credit line: Gift of American Pharmaceutical Association and Bristol-Myers Squibb Company
Publisher: Urdang, George and Ferdinand William Nitardy. The Squibb Ancient Pharmacy: A Catalogue of the Collection
Topics: Art
Pharmacy
European Apothecary
Health & Medicine
Description: This blown glass drug jar has a round body and a long neck, flared lip and an applied foot. The oval label is painted gold, black and red in the cold technique is marked in Latin, <i>Elix Pectoralis</i>" Containers of this shape and size were called "noenchen" or little nuns. This jar is one of a group of five bottles of the same size and shape. Elixir Pectoralis would have been a elixir that served as a remedy for ailments of the chest or lungs.
[None]
Apothecary Bottle
Collection: National Museum of American History
Object type: bottle
bottle; Pharmaceutical Container
date made: 18th century
Physical Description: glass (overall material)
paint (overall material)
Measurements: overall: 16 cm x 7.5 cm x 7.5 cm; 6 5/16 in x 2 15/16 in x 2 15/16 in
Credit line: Gift of American Pharmaceutical Association and Bristol-Myers Squibb Company
Publisher: Urdang, George and Ferdinand William Nitardy. The Squibb Ancient Pharmacy: A Catalogue of the Collection
Topics: Art
Pharmacy
European Apothecary
Health & Medicine
Description: Containers with blank labels could be filled with different ingredients depending on the apothecary’s needs. When the contents of the jars were replaced with different ingredients the apothecary would write the appropriate name in the medallion. This example is decorated in blue and white baked enamel and is blown and molded with a flared lip.
[None]
Oleum ae Valerian
Collection: National Museum of American History
Object type: bottle
bottle; Pharmaceutical Container
date made: 18th century
Physical Description: glass (overall material)
paint (overall material)
Measurements: overall: 6.8 cm x 4 cm; 2 11/16 in x 1 9/16 in
Credit line: Gift of American Pharmaceutical Association and Bristol-Myers Squibb Company
Publisher: Urdang, George and Ferdinand William Nitardy. The Squibb Ancient Pharmacy: A Catalogue of the Collection
Topics: Art
Pharmacy
Religion
European Apothecary
Health & Medicine
Description: This blown glass urn-shaped drug jar has a long neck and applied foot. The neck in this object has broken. The label has been applied using a cold Paint technique rather than being baked or fused with high heat. The label is a gold oval outlined in red with the text <i>Oleum ae Valerian</i> in black. The jar would have contained oil of valerian, prepared from valerian root. Oil of valerian was sometimes used as a mild sedative and as an anticonvulsant for epilepsy.
[None]
Apothecary Bottle, Oleum Anis Vulga
Collection: National Museum of American History
Object type: bottle
bottle
bottle; Pharmaceutical Container
date made: 18th century
Physical Description: glass (overall material)
paint (overall material)
Measurements: overall: 8.3 cm x 5.2 cm; 3 1/4 in x 2 1/16 in
overall: 3 1/2 in x 1 7/8 in; 8.89 cm x 4.7625 cm
Credit line: Gift of American Pharmaceutical Association and Bristol-Myers Squibb Company
Publisher: Urdang, George and Ferdinand William Nitardy. The Squibb Ancient Pharmacy: A Catalogue of the Collection
Topics: Medicine
Art
Pharmacy
Religion
European Apothecary
Description: A blown glass drug jar with a round body and a long neck, flared lip and an applied foot. The oval label is painted gold, black and red in the cold paint technique and is marked in Latin, <i>Oleum Anis Vulga</i>.
Containers of this shape and size were called "noenchen" or little nuns. This jar is one of a group of five containers of the same size and shape.
[None None None None None None]
Apothecary Bottle, Bals Copaivae
Collection: National Museum of American History
Object type: bottle
bottle
bottle; Pharmaceutical Container
date made: 18th century
Physical Description: glass (overall material)
paint (overall material)
Measurements: overall: 8.5 cm x 5.5 cm; 3 3/8 in x 2 3/16 in
overall: 3 1/2 in x 2 in; 8.89 cm x 5.08 cm
Credit line: Gift of American Pharmaceutical Association and Bristol-Myers Squibb Company
Publisher: Urdang, George and Ferdinand William Nitardy. The Squibb Ancient Pharmacy: A Catalogue of the Collection
Topics: Art
Pharmacy
Religion
European Apothecary
Health & Medicine
Description: A free blown glass drug jar with a round body and a long neck, flared lip and an applied foot. The oval label painted gold, black and red in the cold technique is marked <i>Bals Copaivae</i>. This jar is one of a group of five containers of the same size and shape.
[None None None None None None]
Oleum ae Serpylli
Collection: National Museum of American History
Object type: bottle
bottle; Pharmaceutical Container
date made: 18th century
Physical Description: glass (overall material)
paint (overall material)
Measurements: overall: 8.2 cm x 4.2 cm; 3 1/4 in x 1 5/8 in
Credit line: Gift of American Pharmaceutical Association and Bristol-Myers Squibb Company
Publisher: Urdang, George and Ferdinand William Nitardy. The Squibb Ancient Pharmacy: A Catalogue of the Collection
Topics: Art
Pharmacy
Religion
European Apothecary
Health & Medicine
Description: This blown-glass, urn-shaped drug jar has a long neck and applied foot. The label has been applied using a cold paint technique rather than being baked or fused with high heat. The label consists of a gold oval outlined in red with the text, <i>Oleum ae Serpylli</i> in black. The jar would have contained oil of thyme, which could have been prescribed as an antiseptic or expectorant. Urdang refers to this type of bottle as "noennchen", or "little nuns" in English. This is one of a group of five containers of the same size and shape.
[None]
POLYCHR
Collection: National Museum of American History
Object type: jar
date made: 18th century
Physical Description: glass (overall material)
paint (overall material)
Measurements: overall: 9.8 cm x 6.3 cm; 3 27/32 in x 2 15/32 in
Credit line: Gift of American Pharmaceutical Association and Bristol-Myers Squibb Company
Publisher: Urdang, George and Ferdinand William Nitardy. The Squibb Ancient Pharmacy: A Catalogue of the Collection
Topics: Art
Pharmacy
European Apothecary
Health & Medicine
Description: This wide–mouth blown glass jar has an applied foot. The jar is decorated with a white oval cartouche capped with a three-pointed crown. The baked enamel label is marked with the alchemical symbols for powder and salt and <i>POLYCHR.</i> Sal polychrestum is known as the salt of many virtues. A compound of tartrate and potash, it was used as a plaster to treat coughs and lung diseases. The remedy was developed by Christopher Glaser (about 1615–1676) a Swiss apothecary to the court of Louis XIV.
[None]
Apothecary Jar
Collection: National Museum of American History
Object type: jar
Bottle
jar; Bottle; Pharmaceutical Container
date made: 18th century
Physical Description: glass (overall material)
paint (overall material)
wood (overall material)
Measurements: overall: 11.7 cm x 8 cm; 4 19/32 in x 3 5/32 in
Credit line: Gift of American Pharmaceutical Association and Bristol-Myers Squibb Company
Publisher: Urdang, George and Ferdinand William Nitardy. The Squibb Ancient Pharmacy: A Catalogue of the Collection
Topics: Art
Pharmacy
European Apothecary
Health & Medicine
Description: This vase-shaped drug jar has a turned wooden lid painted red. The blue and yellow baroque-style baked enamel label has been left blank. for the apothecary. Containers with blank labels could be filled with different ingredients depending on the apothecary's needs. When the contents of the jars were replaced, apothecary would write the appropriate name in the medallion.
[None]
jar
Collection: National Museum of American History
Object type: Jar
Date made: 18th Century
Physical Description: glass (overall material)
paint (overall material)
Measurements: overall: 10.3 cm x 6.8 cm; 4 1/16 in x 2 11/16 in
Credit line: Gift of American Pharmaceutical Association and Bristol-Myers Squibb Company
Topics: Art
Pharmacy
Description: This vase-shaped blown glass drug jar has a flared lip and round foot. The blue and yellow baroque-style label is without marks. Containers with blank labels could be filled with different ingredients depending on the apothecary's needs. When the contents of the jars were replaced, apothecay would write the appropriate name in the medallion.
[None]
CAMPHOR
Collection: National Museum of American History
Object type: bottle
bottle; bottle & stopper; Pharmaceutical Container
date made: 18th century
Physical Description: glass (overall material)
paint (overall material)
Measurements: overall: 11.4 cm x 5.2 cm x 5.2 cm; 4 1/2 in x 2 1/16 in x 2 1/16 in
Credit line: Gift of American Pharmaceutical Association and Bristol-Myers Squibb Company
Publisher: Urdang, George and Ferdinand William Nitardy. The Squibb Ancient Pharmacy: A Catalogue of the Collection
Estes, J. Worth. Dictionary of Protopharmacology: Therapeutic Practices, 1700-1850
Topics: Art
Pharmacy
European Apothecary
Health & Medicine
Description: This blown and molded square-shaped bottle has a narrow neck and a flared lip. The baked white enamel shield is framed by stylized blue leaves with red flowers. A yellow crown sits on the top of the shield. The alchemical symbol for spirits is above the word <i>CAMPHOR.</i> Camphor was often used as an analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and diuretic. It is a gummy, aromatic substance obtained from the Camphor Laurel or <i>cinnamomum camphora</i> found in China, Japan, and Taiwan. Externally Camphor was applied to the skin as a liniment.
[None]
VITAE
Collection: National Museum of American History
Object type: bottle
bottle; bottle & stopper; Pharmaceutical Container
date made: 18th century
Physical Description: glass (overall material)
paint (overall material)
Measurements: overall: 11.8 cm x 5 cm x 4.8 cm; 4 5/8 in x 1 15/16 in x 1 7/8 in
Credit line: Gift of American Pharmaceutical Association and Bristol-Myers Squibb Company
Publisher: Urdang, George and Ferdinand William Nitardy. The Squibb Ancient Pharmacy: A Catalogue of the Collection
Topics: Art
Pharmacy
European Apothecary
Health & Medicine
Description: This blown and molded square-shaped bottle has a narrow neck and a flared lip. The baked white enamel shield is framed by stylized blue leaves with red and yellow flowers. A yellow crown sits atop the shield. The alchemical symbol for spirits is just above the word <i>VITAE</i> in black. <i>Spirits of life</i> could have referred to mercury, or to a variety of distilled spirits, including alcohol. The jar is illustrated on page 24 in the <i>Squibb Ancient Pharmacy Catalogue</i>.
[None]
Apothecary Bottle, OL VALERIAN
Collection: National Museum of American History
Object type: bottle
bottle
bottle; Pharmaceutical Container
date made: 18th century
Physical Description: glass (overall material)
paint (overall material)
Measurements: overall: 7.7 cm x 4 cm x 3.9 cm; 3 1/16 in x 1 9/16 in x 1 9/16 in
overall: 3 1/8 in x 1 1/2 in x 1 1/2 in; 7.9375 cm x 3.81 cm x 3.81 cm
Credit line: Gift of American Pharmaceutical Association and Bristol-Myers Squibb Company
Publisher: Urdang, George and Ferdinand William Nitardy. The Squibb Ancient Pharmacy: A Catalogue of the Collection
Topics: Medicine
Art
Pharmacy
European Apothecary
Description: this blown and molded square bottle has rounded shoulders, and a oval-shaped glass stopper. Dating from the eigteenth century, its baked enamel label is typical of the Rococo style. The oval cartouche is outlined in blue stylized acanthus leaves and pink ribbon the center of the cartouche is marked in black <i>OL VALERIAN</i>. Oil of Valerian was sometimes used as a mild sedative and an anticonvulsant for epilepsy. This jar is one of a group of six small containers for oil extracts decorated with the same labels.
[None None None None None None]
Apothecary Bottle, OL CINAM
Collection: National Museum of American History
Object type: bottle
bottle
bottle; Pharmaceutical Container
date made: 18th century
place made: Germany
Physical Description: glass (overall material)
paint (overall material)
Measurements: overall: 7.8 cm x 4 cm x 4 cm; 3 1/16 in x 1 9/16 in x 1 9/16 in
overall: 3 1/8 in x 1 1/2 in x 1 1/2 in; 7.9375 cm x 3.81 cm x 3.81 cm
Credit line: Gift of American Pharmaceutical Association and Bristol-Myers Squibb Company
Publisher: Urdang, George and Ferdinand William Nitardy. The Squibb Ancient Pharmacy: A Catalogue of the Collection
Topics: Art
Pharmacy
European Apothecary
Health & Medicine
Description: This free blown bottle has rounded shoulders, a circular-shaped glass stopper, and dates from the eighteenth century. The baked enamel label is typical of the Rococo style popular at the time. The label is a white oval-shaped cartouche and is outlined with blue stylized acanthus leaves and pink ribbons. The center of the cartouche is marked in black, <i>OL CINAM</i>, Oil of Cinnamon. It is one of a group of six small containers used for oil extracts.
[None None None None None None]
Apothecary Bottle, OL DE CEDRO
Collection: National Museum of American History
Object type: bottle
bottle; Pharmaceutical Container
date made: 18th century
Physical Description: glass (overall material)
paint (overall material)
Measurements: overall: 8.3 cm x 4 cm x 3.8 cm; 3 1/4 in x 1 9/16 in x 1 1/2 in
Credit line: Gift of American Pharmaceutical Association and Bristol-Myers Squibb Company
Publisher: Urdang, George and Ferdinand William Nitardy. The Squibb Ancient Pharmacy: A Catalogue of the Collection
Topics: Medicine
Art
Pharmacy
European Apothecary
Description: This blown and molded square bottle has rounded shoulders, and an oval-shaped glass stopper. Dating from the eighteenth century, its baked enamel label is typical of the Rococo. The oval cartouche is outlined in blue stylized acanthus leaves and pink ribbon the center of the cartouche is marked in black <i> OL DE CEDRO </i>. This jar is one of a group of six small containers used for oil extracts.
[None]
BUTYR ANTIMON
Collection: National Museum of American History
Object type: bottle
bottle; Pharmaceutical Container
date made: 18th century
Physical Description: glass (overall material)
paint (overall material)
Measurements: overall: 14.4 cm x 7 cm x 6.9 cm; 5 11/16 in x 2 3/4 in x 2 11/16 in
Credit line: Gift of American Pharmaceutical Association and Bristol-Myers Squibb Company
Publisher: Urdang, George and Ferdinand William Nitardy. The Squibb Ancient Pharmacy: A Catalogue of the Collection
Topics: Art
Pharmacy
European Apothecary
Health & Medicine
Description: This blown and molded square glass jar has a narrow neck, a flared lip, and a circular glass stopper. The number "13" has been etched into the stopper. The baked white enamel label is flanked by blue flowers on the sides and top, and a blue ribbon sits on top of the label. The label reads<i>BUTYR ANTIMON</i> in black text. This jar would have contained butter of antimony (antimony trichloride), which was used as a caustic. Antimony tricholoride is toxic and is used today as a flame retardant.
[None]
ELIX BALS PECT
Collection: National Museum of American History
Object type: bottle
bottle; Pharmaceutical Container
date made: 18th century
Physical Description: glass (overall material)
paint (overall material)
Credit line: Gift of American Pharmaceutical Association and Bristol-Myers Squibb Company
Publisher: Urdang, George and Ferdinand William Nitardy. The Squibb Ancient Pharmacy: A Catalogue of the Collection
Topics: Art
Pharmacy
European Apothecary
Health & Medicine
Description: This blown and molded square-shaped bottle has a narrow neck and a flared lip. The baked white enamel shield is framed by stylized blue leaves with yellow and red flowers. A yellow crown sits atop the shield. The Roman numeral X is etched into the shoulder. The jar’s label reads <i>ELIX BALS PECT</i> in black text. The jar would have contained an elixir of balsam, which was prescribed for its pulmonary benefits in treating the lungs.
[None]
TR RHEI AQ
Collection: National Museum of American History
Object type: jar
jar; Pharmaceutical Container
date made: 18th century
Physical Description: glass (overall material)
paint (overall material)
Measurements: overall: 16.2 cm x 7 cm x 7.1 cm; 6 3/8 in x 2 3/4 in x 2 13/16 in
Credit line: Gift of American Pharmaceutical Association and Bristol-Myers Squibb Company
Publisher: Urdang, George and Ferdinand William Nitardy. The Squibb Ancient Pharmacy: A Catalogue of the Collection
Topics: Art
Pharmacy
European Apothecary
Description: This square-shaped bottle has a baked enamel label, and is marked in black <i>TR RHEI AQ</i>. The letter B is etched into the crown. RHEI notes J. Worth Estes in <i>The Dictionary of Photopharmacology</i> is an abbreviation for Rhubarb, specifically Chinese Rhubarb. It is tonic and a cathartic and aid constipation.
[None]
Apothecary Jar
Collection: National Museum of American History
Object type: jar
bottle
jar; Pharmaceutical Container
date made: 18th century
Physical Description: glass (overall material)
paint (overall material)
Measurements: overall: 16.3 cm x 7.2 cm x 7.2 cm; 6 7/16 in x 2 13/16 in x 2 13/16 in
Credit line: Gift of American Pharmaceutical Association and Bristol-Myers Squibb Company
Publisher: Urdang, George and Ferdinand William Nitardy. The Squibb Ancient Pharmacy: A Catalogue of the Collection
Topics: Art
Pharmacy
European Apothecary
Health & Medicine
Description: This blown and molded square-shaped bottle has a narrow neck and flared lip. The baked white enamel shield is framed by stylized blue leaves with red and yellow flowers. A yellow crown sits atop the shield with the letter "B" inscribed on it. The jar’s label also has the alchemical symbol for spirits at the top with two symbols for calx (a metallic oxide powder) and a symbol for radices (roots) below.
[None]
ELIX ACID DIPP
Collection: National Museum of American History
Object type: bottle
bottle; Pharmaceutical Container
date made: 18th century
Physical Description: glass (overall material)
paint (overall material)
Measurements: overall: 12.5 cm x 6.3 cm x 6.3 cm; 4 15/16 in x 2 1/2 in x 2 1/2 in
Credit line: Gift of American Pharmaceutical Association and Bristol-Myers Squibb Company
Publisher: Urdang, George and Ferdinand William Nitardy. The Squibb Ancient Pharmacy: A Catalogue of the Collection
Topics: Art
Pharmacy
European Apothecary
Health & Medicine
Description: This blown and molded bottle has a naqrrow neck and a flared lip. The baked enamel label is framed by a Baroque style blue and yellow cartouche. The label reads “ELIX ACID DIPP” in black text, with the first initial of each word in red. The bottle would have contained Dippel’s Acid Elixir, which consists of 1 part sulphuric acid, 5 parts spirits, and 2 parts kermes and saffron. Johann Conrad Dippel (1673–1734) was a German alchemist who is credited with several alchemical recipes. Dippel’s Acid Elixir was used as an astringent or antiseptic.
[None]
SPIR MASTICHIN
Collection: National Museum of American History
Object type: bottle
bottle; Pharmaceutical Container
date made: 18th century
Physical Description: paint (overall material)
glass (overall material)
Measurements: overall: 12.8 cm x 7 cm x 6.8 cm; 5 1/16 in x 2 3/4 in x 2 11/16 in
Credit line: Gift of American Pharmaceutical Association and Bristol-Myers Squibb Company
Publisher: Urdang, George and Ferdinand William Nitardy. The Squibb Ancient Pharmacy: A Catalogue of the Collection
Topics: Art
Pharmacy
European Apothecary
Health & Medicine
Description: This blown and molded bottle is marked <i>SPIR MASTICHIN</i>, and would have contained Spirit of Mastichinae. This solution contained gum resin from the Pistacia lentiscu tree, wormwood, aloes, and canella bark. Spirit of Mastichinae would have been used as a cathartic.
[None]