RevolutionCrossroads/si_us_revolutionary_era_collections huggingface dataset:
SEMEN NIGELLI
Collection: National Museum of American History
Object type: jar
jar; Pharmaceutical Container
date made: 1790-1810
Date made: 1775 - 1799
place made: Germany
Physical Description: ceramic (overall material)
Measurements: overall: 16 cm x 11 cm; 6 5/16 in x 4 5/16 in
Credit line: Gift of American Pharmaceutical Association and Bristol-Myers Squibb Company
Publisher: Urdang, George and Ferdinand William Nitardy. The Squibb Ancient Pharmacy: A Catalogue of the Collection
Topics: Art
Pharmacy
European Apothecary
Description (Brief): This drug jar is marked "SEMEN NIGELLI". Nigella Satavia also known as black cumin is native to southern Europe, southeast Asia and northern Africa. The today its seeds are used as a condiment but as this drug jar shows they were used for medicinal purposes as well. Nigella was used as a tonic, astringent and for flatulence.
Pharmaceutical historian George Urdang attributed containers 1991.0664.0760 through 1991.0664.0825 to Hanau in the late 18th century based on the floral design surrounding the medallion and the initials "HN" on the bottom of many of the jars in the series. However, in a letter to museum curators dated August 1983, the pharmaceutical historian scholar Wolfgang-Hagen Hein wrote that the unmarked containers and those marked "FH" were made in Florsheim in the German state of Hesse.
[None]
CORT: CINNAM: ZEYLO
Collection: National Museum of American History
Object type: jar
jar; Pharmaceutical Container
date made: 1790-1810
Date made: 1775 - 1799
place made: Germany
Physical Description: ceramic (overall material)
Measurements: overall: 16 cm x 11 cm; 6 5/16 in x 4 5/16 in
Credit line: Gift of American Pharmaceutical Association and Bristol-Myers Squibb Company
Publisher: Urdang, George and Ferdinand William Nitardy. The Squibb Ancient Pharmacy: A Catalogue of the Collection
Topics: Art
Pharmacy
European Apothecary
Description (Brief): This drug jar is marked "CORT: CINNAM: ZEYLO", and is used as an aromatic. Cinnamon was also used as a tonic for stomach ailments and topically as an astringent. Pharmaceutical historian George Urdang attributes the containers 1991.0664.0760 through 1991.0664.0825 to Hanau in the late 18th century based on the floral design surrounding the medallion and the initials "HN" on the bottom of many of the jars in the series. However, in a letter to museum curators dated August 1983, pharmaceutical historian Wolfgang-Hagen Hein wrote that the containers without initials and those marked "FH" were made in Florsheim in the German state of Hesse twenty-three miles southwest of Hanau.
[None]
GUMMI LACC IN TABU
Collection: National Museum of American History
Object type: jar
jar; Pharmaceutical Container
date made: 1790-1810
Date made: 1775 - 1799
place made: Germany
Physical Description: ceramic (overall material)
Measurements: overall: 15.9 cm x 11 cm; 6 1/4 in x 4 5/16 in
Credit line: Gift of American Pharmaceutical Association and Bristol-Myers Squibb Company
Publisher: Urdang, George and Ferdinand William Nitardy. The Squibb Ancient Pharmacy: A Catalogue of the Collection
Topics: Art
Pharmacy
European Apothecary
Description: This drug jar is marked <i>GUMMI LACC IN TABUL</i>. Pharmaceutical historian George Urdang attributes containers 1991.0664.0760 through 1991.0664.0825 to Hanau in the late 18th century based on the floral design surrounding the medallion and the initials <i>HN</i> on the bottom of many of the jars in the series. However, in a letter to museum curators dated August 1983, the pharmaceutical historian Wolfgang-Hagen Hein wrote that the containers without initials and those marked <i>FH</i> were made in Florsheim in the German state of Hesse.
[None]
CORT: CHIN: FLAV
Collection: National Museum of American History
Object type: jar
jar; Pharmaceutical Container
date made: 1790-1810
Date made: 1775 - 1799
place made: Germany
Physical Description: ceramic (overall material)
Measurements: overall: 16.2 cm x 10.6 cm; 6 3/8 in x 4 3/16 in
Credit line: Gift of American Pharmaceutical Association and Bristol-Myers Squibb Company
Publisher: Urdang, George and Ferdinand William Nitardy. The Squibb Ancient Pharmacy: A Catalogue of the Collection
Topics: Art
Pharmacy
European Apothecary
Description: This drug jar is marked <i>CORT: CHIN:FLAV</i>. It probably contained bark from the Cinchona tree.
Pharmaceutical historian George Urdang attributes containers 1991.0664.0760 through 1991.0664.0825 to Hanau in the late 18th century based on the floral design surrounding the medallion and the initials <i>HN</i> on the bottom of many of the jars in the series. However, in a letter to museum curators dated August 1983, pharmaceutical historian Wolfgang-Hagen Hein wrote that the containers without initials and those marked <i>FH</i> were made in Florsheim in the German state of Hesse.
[None]
Drug Jar
Collection: National Museum of American History
Object type: jar
jar; Pharmaceutical Container
date made: 1790-1810
Date made: 1775 - 1799
place made: Germany
Physical Description: ceramic (overall material)
Measurements: overall: 15.3 cm x 10.4 cm; 6 1/32 in x 4 3/32 in
Credit line: Gift of American Pharmaceutical Association and Bristol-Myers Squibb Company
Publisher: Urdang, George and Ferdinand William Nitardy. The Squibb Ancient Pharmacy: A Catalogue of the Collection
Topics: Art
Pharmacy
European Apothecary
Description: Drug jars often came with blank shields or cartouches. When the contents of the jars were refilled with different ingredients the apothecary wrote the name of the new formula on the medallion.
Pharmaceutical historian George Urdang attributes the containers 1991.0664.0760 through 1991.0664.0825 to the town of Hanau in the late 18th century based on the blue and purple floral design surrounding the white medallion and the initials <i>HN</i> on the bottom of many of the jars in the series. However, in a letter to museum curators dated August 1983, the pharmaceutical historian Wolfgang-Hagen Hein wrote that the containers without initials and those marked <i>FH</i> were made in Florsheim in the German state of Hesse just twenty-three miles southwest of Hanau.
[None]
BOLUS ALBUS
Collection: National Museum of American History
Object type: jar
jar; Pharmaceutical Container
date made: 1790-1810
Date made: 1775 - 1799
place made: Germany
Physical Description: ceramic (overall material)
Measurements: overall: 16.2 cm x 10.7 cm; 6 3/8 in x 4 3/16 in
Credit line: Gift of American Pharmaceutical Association and Bristol-Myers Squibb Company
Publisher: Urdang, George and Ferdinand William Nitardy. The Squibb Ancient Pharmacy: A Catalogue of the Collection
Estes, J. Worth. Dictionary of Protopharmacology: Therapeutic Practices, 1700-1850
Topics: Art
Pharmacy
European Apothecary
Description: This drug jar is marked <i>BOLUS ALBUS</i>. Bolus is a sticky clay-like substance which can be shaped into a pill. In <i>Healing Earths: A History of Minerals in Medicine</i>, W. Rudolph Reinbacher refers to Bolus Albus as a German pharmaceutical term.
George Urdang, author of <i>The Squibb Ancient Pharmacy Catalogue</i> attributes containers 1991.0664.0760 through 1991.0664.0825 to Hanau in the late 18th century based on the floral design surrounding the medallion and the initials <i>HN</i> on the bottom of many of the jars in the series. However, in a letter to museum curators dated August 1983, the pharmaceutical historian Wolfgang-Hagen Hein wrote that the containers without initials and those marked <i>FH</i> were made in Florsheim in the German state of Hesse.
[None]
CORTEX QUERCUS
Collection: National Museum of American History
Object type: jar
jar; Pharmaceutical Container
date made: 1790-1810
Date made: 1775 - 1799
place made: Germany
Physical Description: ceramic (overall material)
Measurements: overall: 16.1 cm x 10.6 cm; 6 5/16 in x 4 3/16 in
Credit line: Gift of American Pharmaceutical Association and Bristol-Myers Squibb Company
Publisher: Urdang, George and Ferdinand William Nitardy. The Squibb Ancient Pharmacy: A Catalogue of the Collection
Topics: Art
Pharmacy
European Apothecary
Description: This drug jar is marked <i>CORTEX QUERCUS</i>. Cortex Quercus is the bark from the North American White Oak. It can be made into a astringent, tonic and used as an antiseptic.
Pharmaceutical historian George Urdang attributes containers 1991.0664.0760 through 1991.0664.0825 to Hanau in the late 18th century based on the floral design surrounding the medallion and the initials <i>HN</i> on the bottom of many of the jars in the series. However, in a letter to museum curators dated August 1983, the pharmaceutical historian Wolfgang-Hagen Hein wrote that the containers without initials and those marked <i>FH</i> were made in Florsheim in the German state of Hesse.
[None]
HORD PRAEPAR
Collection: National Museum of American History
Object type: jar
jar; Pharmaceutical Container
date made: 1790-1810
Date made: 1775 - 1799
place made: Germany
Physical Description: ceramic (overall material)
Measurements: overall: 16.2 cm x 11 cm; 6 3/8 in x 4 5/16 in
Credit line: Gift of American Pharmaceutical Association and Bristol-Myers Squibb Company
Publisher: Urdang, George and Ferdinand William Nitardy. The Squibb Ancient Pharmacy: A Catalogue of the Collection
Topics: Art
Pharmacy
European Apothecary
Description: This drug jar is marked <i>HORD PRAEPAR</i>. Hord may be an abbreviation for Hordeum (which is barley), and Praepar may be an abbreviation for prepared. The cultivation of barley extends back 10,000 years. Barley is used in cereals and to make beer and whiskey.
Pharmaceutical historian George Urdang attributes containers 1991.0664.0760 through 1991.0664.0825 to Hanau in the late 18th century based on the floral design surrounding the medallion and the initials <i>HN</i> on the bottom of many of the jars in the series. However, in a to museum curators letter dated August 1983, the pharmaceutical historian Wolfgang-Hagen Hein wrote that the containers without initials and those marked <i>FH </i> were made in Florsheim in the German state of Hesse.
[None None]
SEM. PhELLAND: AQ
Collection: National Museum of American History
Object type: jar
jar; Pharmaceutical Container
date made: 1790-1810
Date made: 1775 - 1799
place made: Germany
Physical Description: ceramic (overall material)
Measurements: overall: 16 cm x 10.5 cm; 6 5/16 in x 4 1/8 in
Credit line: Gift of American Pharmaceutical Association and Bristol-Myers Squibb Company
Publisher: Urdang, George and Ferdinand William Nitardy. The Squibb Ancient Pharmacy: A Catalogue of the Collection
Henriette's Herbal Homepage
Topics: Art
Pharmacy
European Apothecary
Description (Brief): This jar is marked "SEM.PhELLAND: AQ". The Phellandrium plant is found in Europe. It's seeds are crushed into a powder, and used for a variety of ailments including headache, asthma, and coughs.
George Urdang author of <i>The Squibb Ancient Pharmacy Catalogue</i> attributes the containers 1991.0664.0760 through 1991.0664.0825 to Hanau in the late 18th century based on the floral design surrounding the medallion and the initials "HN" on the bottom of many of the jars in the series. However, in a letter to museum curators dated August 1983, historian Wolfgang-Hagen Hein wrote that the containers without initials and those marked "FH" were made in Florsheim in the German state of Hesse.
[None]
AMYGD DULC
Collection: National Museum of American History
Object type: jar
jar; Pharmaceutical Container
date made: 1790-1810
Date made: 1775 - 1799
place made: Germany
Physical Description: ceramic (overall material)
Measurements: overall: 16 cm x 10.5 cm; 6 5/16 in x 4 1/8 in
Credit line: Gift of American Pharmaceutical Association and Bristol-Myers Squibb Company
Publisher: Urdang, George and Ferdinand William Nitardy. The Squibb Ancient Pharmacy: A Catalogue of the Collection
Estes, J. Worth. Dictionary of Protopharmacology: Therapeutic Practices, 1700-1850
Topics: Medicine
Art
Pharmacy
European Apothecary
Description (Brief): This drug jar is marked "AMYGD DULC", and would have contained Amygdala, the oil from almonds and Dulcamera which refers to Nightshade a narcotic. Both were used as a sedative, antispasmodic and expectorant.
George Urdang author of <i>The Squibb Ancient Pharmacy</i>, attributes containers 1991.0664.0760 through 1991.0664.0825 to Hanau in the late 18th century based on the floral design surrounding the medallion and the initials "HN" on the bottom of many of the jars in the series. However, in a letter to museum curators dated August 1983, pharmaceutical historian Wolfgang-Hagen Hein wrote that the containers without initials and those marked "FH" were made in Florsheim in the German state of Hesse.
[None]
SAGO
Collection: National Museum of American History
Object type: jar
jar; Pharmaceutical Container
date made: 1790-1810
Date made: 1775 - 1799
place made: Germany: Hesse, Hanau
Physical Description: ceramic (overall material)
Measurements: overall: 16 cm x 10.5 cm; 6 5/16 in x 4 1/8 in
Credit line: Gift of American Pharmaceutical Association and Bristol-Myers Squibb Company
Publisher: Urdang, George and Ferdinand William Nitardy. The Squibb Ancient Pharmacy: A Catalogue of the Collection
Topics: Art
Pharmacy
European Apothecary
Description: This drug jar is marked "SAGO" and the initials HN appear on the bottom of the jar. Sago is a type of palm tree fround on the islands of South East Asia. It is made into a powdery starch, and used to thicken food such as pudding and jelly.
Urdang attributes containers 1991.0664.0760 through 1991.0664.0825 to Hanau in the late 18th century based on the floral design surrounding the medallion and the initials HN on the bottom of many of the jars in the series. However, in a letter to museum curators dated August 1983, the pharmaceutical historian Wolfgang-Hagen Hein wrote that the unmarked containers and those marked FH were made in Florsheim in the German state of Hesse.
[None]
jar
Collection: National Museum of American History
Object type: Jar
Date made: 18th Century
Physical Description: ceramic (overall material)
Measurements: overall: 22.4 cm x 12 cm; 8 13/16 in x 4 3/4 in
Credit line: Gift of American Pharmaceutical Association and Bristol-Myers Squibb Company
Topics: Art
Pharmacy
Description: This urn-shaped drug jar with a grayish-white glaze, a straight neck and a round domed foot. A rectangular label is formed by thin yellow and brown stripes and topped by four C-scrolls forming a blue cartouche with a yellow center. The rectangle creates a frame for the containers inscription. The outer frame is surrounded at the top and bottom by green and brown vines and yellow swags of beads.
However in a 1954 letter from Associate Curator George Griffenhagen in the Division of Medicine to George Urdang the jars numbered Squibb Ancient Pharmacy a renowned Spanish historian of Medicine, G. Folch Jou, of <i>483-491 appear to be of Catalonian-Aragonese origin"</i>.
[None]
Apothecary Bottle, AQ ARTHEMIS
Collection: National Museum of American History
Object type: bottle
bottle; Pharmaceutical Container
date made: 18th century
place made: Germany
Physical Description: glass (overall material)
paint (overall material)
Measurements: overall: 23.8 cm x 9.7 cm x 9.5 cm; 9 3/8 in x 3 13/16 in x 3 3/4 in
Credit line: Gift of American Pharmaceutical Association and Bristol-Myers Squibb Company
Publisher: Urdang, George and Ferdinand William Nitardy. The Squibb Ancient Pharmacy: A Catalogue of the Collection
Topics: Art
Pharmacy
European Apothecary
Health & Medicine
Description: This square-shaped bottle has a blue, yellow, and white Baroque-style baked enamel label is marked in red and black, "AQ ARTHEMIS". The reverse side of the container has a stained paper label marked, "Spirit Rorismarin."
[None None]
Apothecary Bottle, OL MACIS
Collection: National Museum of American History
Object type: bottle
bottle; Pharmaceutical Container
date made: 18th century
Physical Description: glass (overall material)
paint (overall material)
Measurements: overall: 8.6 cm x 3.6 cm x 3.6 cm; 3 3/8 in x 1 7/16 in x 1 7/16 in
Credit line: Gift of American Pharmaceutical Association and Bristol-Myers Squibb Company
Publisher: Urdang, George and Ferdinand William Nitardy. The Squibb Ancient Pharmacy: A Catalogue of the Collection
Topics: Medicine
Art
Pharmacy
European Apothecary
Description: This blown and molded square bottle has rounded shoulders, and an oval-shaped glass stopper. Dating from the eighteenth century, this baked enamel label is typical of the Rococo style. The oval cartouche is outlined in blue stylized acanthus leaves and pink ribbon the center of the cartouche is marked in black <i> OL MACIS </i>, refers to nutmeg. This jar is one of a group of six small containers used for oil extracts.
[None]
ELIX APERIT CLAUD
Collection: National Museum of American History
Object type: bottle
bottle; Pharmaceutical Container
date made: 18th century
Physical Description: glass (overall material)
paint (overall material)
Measurements: overall: 17.2 cm x 6.7 cm x 6.8 cm; 6 3/4 in x 2 5/8 in x 2 11/16 in
Credit line: Gift of American Pharmaceutical Association and Bristol-Myers Squibb Company
Publisher: Urdang, George and Ferdinand William Nitardy. The Squibb Ancient Pharmacy: A Catalogue of the Collection
Topics: Art
Pharmacy
European Apothecary
Health & Medicine
Description: This blown and molded square glass bottle has a narrow neck, a flared lip, and round glass stopper. it has a baked white enamel label surrounded by stylized blue vines with yellow ribbons. The label is marked <i>ELIX APERIT CLAUD</i> in black text. APERIT CLAUD means Open/Closed in Latin. Prescriptions indicate that this elixir contained Aqua foenicul or fennel water, and tincture Opii crocut. The elixir was used to help alleviate some of the symptoms, cramps, and excessive bleeding associated with menses.
[None]
TINCT MARTIS POMAT
Collection: National Museum of American History
Object type: bottle
bottle; Pharmaceutical Container
date made: 18th century
Physical Description: glass (overall material)
paint (overall material)
Measurements: overall: 14.3 cm x 7 cm x 6.8 cm; 5 5/8 in x 2 3/4 in x 2 11/16 in
Credit line: Gift of American Pharmaceutical Association and Bristol-Myers Squibb Company
Publisher: Urdang, George and Ferdinand William Nitardy. The Squibb Ancient Pharmacy: A Catalogue of the Collection
Topics: Art
Pharmacy
European Apothecary
Health & Medicine
Description: This blown and molded square glass jar has a narrow neck with a flared lip. The baked white enamel label is flanked by blue flowers on its sides and top, and a blue ribbon sits on top of the label. The label reads <i>TINCT MARTIS POMAT</i> in black text. The bottle would have contained a tincture of martis pomatum, or tincture of iron with perfumed fats. Iron solutions were often used as a stimulant, astringent, or tonic.
[None]
TINCT CASCARIL
Collection: National Museum of American History
Object type: bottle
bottle; Pharmaceutical Container
date made: 18th century
Physical Description: glass (overall material)
paint (overall material)
Measurements: overall: 14.6 cm x 7.1 cm x 7.2 cm; 5 3/4 in x 2 13/16 in x 2 13/16 in
Credit line: Gift of American Pharmaceutical Association and Bristol-Myers Squibb Company
Publisher: Urdang, George and Ferdinand William Nitardy. The Squibb Ancient Pharmacy: A Catalogue of the Collection
Topics: Art
Pharmacy
European Apothecary
Health & Medicine
Description: This blown and molded square glass bottle has a narrow neck and a flared lip. The baked white enamel label is flanked by blue flowers and ribbons. The label reads <i>TINCT CASCARIL</i> in black. The bottle would have contained a Tincture of Cascarilla, a plant native to the Caribbean. It's bark was used in a variety of solutions to help cure stomach ailments.
[None]
TINCT MELAMPOD
Collection: National Museum of American History
Object type: bottle
bottle; Pharmaceutical Container
date made: 18th century
Physical Description: glass (overall material)
paint (overall material)
Measurements: overall: 13.1 cm x 6.6 cm x 6.4 cm; 5 5/32 in x 2 19/32 in x 2 17/32 in
Credit line: Gift of American Pharmaceutical Association and Bristol-Myers Squibb Company
Publisher: Urdang, George and Ferdinand William Nitardy. The Squibb Ancient Pharmacy: A Catalogue of the Collection
Topics: Art
Pharmacy
European Apothecary
Health & Medicine
Description: This square–shaped blown and molded glass bottle has a narrow neck and rounded shoulders. The white oval baked enamel label is marked, <i>TINCT MELAMPOD</i>". The jar would have contained a Tincture of Melampodium. Tinctures were steeped for weeks with a mixture of herbs and alcohol. Melampodium was a flowering plant that was used as a cathartic to aid digestion and as an emmenagogue to encourage menstrual flow. This bottle is illustrated on page 30 of the <i>Squibb Ancient Pharmacy Catalogue</i>.
[None]
BALS ARCAE
Collection: National Museum of American History
Object type: bottle
bottle; Pharmaceutical Container
date made: 18th century
Physical Description: glass (overall material)
paint (overall material)
Measurements: overall: 15.3 cm x 6.6 cm x 6.6 cm; 6 in x 2 5/8 in x 2 5/8 in
Credit line: Gift of American Pharmaceutical Association and Bristol-Myers Squibb Company
Publisher: Urdang, George and Ferdinand William Nitardy. The Squibb Ancient Pharmacy: A Catalogue of the Collection
Topics: Art
Pharmacy
European Apothecary
Health & Medicine
Description: This blown and molded square-shaped bottle has a narrow neck and a flared lip. The Roman numeral <i>V</i> has been etched into the shoulder of the jar. The baked white enamel shield is framed by stylized blue leaves with yellow and red flowers. A yellow crown sits atop the shield. The jar’s label reads <i>BALS ARCÆ.</i> This jar would have contained balsam of arcæus which was used as a dressing for wounds.
[None]
VULNER THND
Collection: National Museum of American History
Object type: bottle
bottle; Pharmaceutical Container
date made: 18th century
Physical Description: glass (overall material)
paint (overall material)
Measurements: overall: 15.2 cm x 6.7 cm x 6.8 cm; 6 in x 2 5/8 in x 2 11/16 in
Credit line: Gift of American Pharmaceutical Association and Bristol-Myers Squibb Company
Publisher: Urdang, George and Ferdinand William Nitardy. The Squibb Ancient Pharmacy: A Catalogue of the Collection
Topics: Art
Pharmacy
European Apothecary
Health & Medicine
Description: This blown and molded square-shaped bottle has a narrow neck and a flared lip. The baked white enamel shield is framed by stylized blue leaves with a yellow stylized flower. A yellow crown sits atop the shield. The jar’s label has the alchemical symbol for water just above the text <i>VULNER THND</i> in black. The jar would have contained Aqua Vulneraria Thedenii, a solution used to treat wounds and stop bleeding.
[None]
TRAGEA STOMACH
Collection: National Museum of American History
Object type: bottle
bottle; Pharmaceutical Container
date made: 18th century
Physical Description: "colorless" (overall color)
glass (overall material)
paint (overall material)
Measurements: overall: 17.3 cm x 6.3 cm x 6.5 cm; 6 13/16 in x 2 1/2 in x 2 9/16 in
Credit line: Gift of American Pharmaceutical Association and Bristol-Myers Squibb Company
Publisher: Urdang, George and Ferdinand William Nitardy. The Squibb Ancient Pharmacy: A Catalogue of the Collection
Topics: Art
Pharmacy
European Apothecary
Health & Medicine
Description: This square-shaped bottle has a baked enamel label. It is marked with the alchemical symbol for powder and <i>TRAGEA STOMACH.</i>
[None]