RevolutionCrossroads/si_us_revolutionary_era_collections huggingface dataset:
BOLUS RUBER
Collection: National Museum of American History
Object type: jar
jar
jar; Pharmaceutical Container
date made: 1790-1810
Date made: 1775 - 1799
place made: Germany: Hesse, Hanau
Physical Description: ceramic (overall material)
Measurements: overall: 16.2 cm x 11.3 cm; 6 3/8 in x 4 7/16 in
overall: 6 1/2 in x 4 1/4 in; 16.51 cm x 10.795 cm
Credit line: Gift of American Pharmaceutical Association and Bristol-Myers Squibb Company
Publisher: Urdang, George and Ferdinand William Nitardy. The Squibb Ancient Pharmacy: A Catalogue of the Collection
Topics: Art
Pharmacy
European Apothecary
Health & Medicine
Description: This majolica drug jar is decorated with a painted garland of blue and purple flowers. Green leaves create an oval medallion outlined in yellow and black. The interior of the garland is marked, “BOLUS RUBER” in black, and the bottom of the jar is marked “HN.” A bolus is a large pill, and ruber would likely refer to the pill’s red color.
Historian George Urdang attributes the containers 1991.0664.0760 through 1991.0664.0825 to Hanau in the late 18th century, based on the floral design surrounding the medallion and the initials HN on the bottom of many of the jars in the series. However, in a letter dated August 1983, the pharmaceutical history scholar Wolfgang Hagen Hein states that he believes the unmarked containers and those marked FH were made in Florsheim in the German state of Hesse.
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FEL: VITRI
Collection: National Museum of American History
Object type: jar
jar; Pharmaceutical Container
date made: 1790-1810
Date made: 1775 - 1799
place made: Germany
Physical Description: ceramic (overall material)
Measurements: overall: 16 cm x 11 cm; 6 5/16 in x 4 5/16 in
Credit line: Gift of American Pharmaceutical Association and Bristol-Myers Squibb Company
Publisher: Urdang, George and Ferdinand William Nitardy. The Squibb Ancient Pharmacy: A Catalogue of the Collection
Topics: Art
Pharmacy
European Apothecary
Description: This drug jar is marked <i>FEL: VITRI</i>. Pharmaceutical historian George Urdang attributes containers 1991.0664.0760 through 1991.0664.0825 to Hanau in the late 18th century based on the floral design surrounding the medallion and the initials <i>HN</i> on the bottom of many of the jars in the series. However, in a letter dated August 1983, the pharmaceutical historian Wolfgang-Hagen Hein wrote that the containers without initials and those marked <i>FH</i> were made in Florsheim in the German state of Hesse.
[None]
jar
Collection: National Museum of American History
Object type: Jar
Jar; Pharmaceutical Container
Date made: 1790-1810
1775 - 1799
place made: Germany
Physical Description: ceramic (overall material)
Measurements: overall: 16.3 cm x 10.5 cm; 6 7/16 in x 4 1/8 in
Credit line: Gift of American Pharmaceutical Association and Bristol-Myers Squibb Company
Topics: Art
Pharmacy
European Apothecary
Health & Medicine
[None]
Drug Jar
Collection: National Museum of American History
Object type: jar
jar; Pharmaceutical Container
date made: 1790-1810
Date made: 1775 - 1799
place made: Germany
Physical Description: ceramic (overall material)
Measurements: overall: 16 cm x 11 cm; 6 5/16 in x 4 5/16 in
Credit line: Gift of American Pharmaceutical Association and Bristol-Myers Squibb Company
Publisher: Urdang, George and Ferdinand William Nitardy. The Squibb Ancient Pharmacy: A Catalogue of the Collection
Topics: Art
Pharmacy
European Apothecary
Description (Brief): Drug jars often came with blank shields or cartouches. When the contents of the jars were refilled with different ingredients the apothecary wrote the new formula on the medallion.
George Urdang author of the <i>Squibb Ancient Pharmacy Catalogue</i> attributes the containers 1991.0664.0760 through 1991.0664.0825 to the town of Hanau in the late 18th century based on the blue and purple floral design surrounding the white medallion and the initials <i>HN</i> on the bottom of many of the jars in the series. However, in a letter to museum curators dated August 1983, the pharmaceutical historian Wolfgang-Hagen Hein wrote that the containers without initials, and those marked <i>FH</i> were made in Florsheim in the German state of Hesse just twenty-three miles southwest of Hanau.
[None]
CANDEL FUMALES
Collection: National Museum of American History
Object type: jar
jar; Pharmaceutical Container
date made: 1790-1810
Date made: 1775 - 1799
place made: Germany
Physical Description: ceramic (overall material)
Measurements: overall: 16 cm x 10.7 cm; 6 5/16 in x 4 3/16 in
Credit line: Gift of American Pharmaceutical Association and Bristol-Myers Squibb Company
Publisher: Urdang, George and Ferdinand William Nitardy. The Squibb Ancient Pharmacy: A Catalogue of the Collection
Topics: Medicine
Art
Pharmacy
European Apothecary
Description: This drug jar is marked <i>CANDEL FUMALES</i>. Pharmaceutical historian George Urdang attributes containers 1991.0664.0760 through 1991.0664.0825 to Hanau in the late 18th century based on the floral design surrounding the medallion and the initials <i>HN</i> on the bottom of many of the jars in the series. However, in a letter to museum curators dated August 1983, the pharmaceutical historian Wolfgang-Hagen Hein wrote that the containers without initials and those marked <i>FH</i> were made in Florsheim in the German state of Hesse.
[None]
BACCAE JUNIPERI
Collection: National Museum of American History
Object type: jar
jar; Pharmaceutical Container
date made: 1790-1810
Date made: 1775 - 1799
place made: Germany
Physical Description: ceramic (overall material)
Measurements: overall: 15.9 cm x 10.5 cm; 6 1/4 in x 4 1/8 in
Credit line: Gift of American Pharmaceutical Association and Bristol-Myers Squibb Company
Publisher: Urdang, George and Ferdinand William Nitardy. The Squibb Ancient Pharmacy: A Catalogue of the Collection
Topics: Medicine
Art
Pharmacy
European Apothecary
Description: This drug jar is marked <i>BACCAE JUNIPERI</i>. Baccae refers to the female worshipers of the Greek God Bacchus. The oil from the Juniper berries were used as a flavoring, and for a variety of conditions including inflammation, liver, and kidney disease. Pharmaceutical historian George Urdang attributes containers 1991.0664.0760 through 1991.0664.0825 to Hanau in the late 18th century based on the floral design surrounding the medallion and the initials <i>HN</i> on the bottom of many of the jars in the series. However, in a letter to museum curators dated August 1983, the pharmaceutical historian Wolfgang-Hagen Hein wrote that the containers without initials and those marked <i>FH</i> were made in Florsheim in the German state of Hesse twenty-three miles southwest of Hanau.
[None]
COLLA PISC: IN TABULIS
Collection: National Museum of American History
Object type: Jar
Jar; Pharmaceutical Container
Date made: 1790-1810
1775 - 1799
place made: Germany
Physical Description: ceramic (overall material)
Measurements: overall: 16.3 cm x 11 cm; 6 7/16 in x 4 5/16 in
Credit line: Gift of American Pharmaceutical Association and Bristol-Myers Squibb Company
Topics: Art
Pharmacy
[None]
LAPIS CALAMIN
Collection: National Museum of American History
Object type: jar
jar; Pharmaceutical Container
date made: 1790-1810
Date made: 1775 - 1799
place made: Germany
Physical Description: ceramic (overall material)
Measurements: overall: 16.1 cm x 11 cm; 6 5/16 in x 4 5/16 in
Credit line: Gift of American Pharmaceutical Association and Bristol-Myers Squibb Company
Publisher: Urdang, George and Ferdinand William Nitardy. The Squibb Ancient Pharmacy: A Catalogue of the Collection
Topics: Art
Pharmacy
European Apothecary
Description (Brief): This jar is marked "LAPIS CALAMIN". Lapis and calamin or stone calaminia is made into a lotion of stone and zinc carbonate for the relief of itchy skin.
George Urdang author of <i>The Squibb Ancient Pharmacy Catalogue</i> attributes the containers 1991.0664.0760 through 1991.0664.0825 to Hanau in the late 18th century based on the floral design surrounding the medallion and the initials "HN" on the bottom of many of the jars in the series. However, in a letter to museum curators dated August 1983, the pharmaceutical historian Wolfgang-Hagen Hein wrote that the containers without initials and those marked "FH" were made in Florsheim in the German state of Hesse twenty-three miles southwest of Hanau.
[None]
SEM: CYDONIOR
Collection: National Museum of American History
Object type: jar
jar; Pharmaceutical Container
date made: 1790-1810
Date made: 1775 - 1799
place made: Germany
Physical Description: ceramic (overall material)
Measurements: overall: 16.2 cm x 11.2 cm; 6 3/8 in x 4 7/16 in
Credit line: Gift of American Pharmaceutical Association and Bristol-Myers Squibb Company
Publisher: Urdang, George and Ferdinand William Nitardy. The Squibb Ancient Pharmacy: A Catalogue of the Collection
Topics: Art
Pharmacy
European Apothecary
Description: This drug jar is marked "SEM: CYDONIOR". "Sem" is one of several abbreviations used to refer to seeds. Cydonia oblonga is also known as quince. A mucilage or gelatinous like substance is extracted from the seeds and sometimes mixed with additional ingredients. Quince was used as a cough suppressant, an ointment for burns and wound inflammation, diarrhea and dysentery.
Pharmaceutical historian George Urdang attributes the containers 1991.0664.0760 through 1991.0664.0825 to Hanau in the late 18th century based on the floral design surrounding the medallion and the initials "HN" on the bottom of many of the jars in the series. However, in a letter to museum curators dated August 1983, pharmaceutical historian Wolfgang-Hagen Hein wrote that he believes the unmarked containers and those marked "FH" were made in Florsheim in the German state of Hesse.
[None]
LAPIS TRIPOLIS
Collection: National Museum of American History
Object type: jar
jar; Pharmaceutical Container
date made: 1790-1810
Date made: 1775 - 1799
place made: Germany
Physical Description: ceramic (overall material)
Measurements: overall: 16 cm x 11 cm; 6 5/16 in x 4 5/16 in
Credit line: Gift of American Pharmaceutical Association and Bristol-Myers Squibb Company
Publisher: Urdang, George and Ferdinand William Nitardy. The Squibb Ancient Pharmacy: A Catalogue of the Collection
Topics: Medicine
Art
Pharmacy
European Apothecary
Description: The word Lapis in Latin means stone. Lapis Tripolis was used for renal disorders including kidney and bladder stones. Pharmaceutical historian George Urdang attributes containers 1991.0664.0760 through 1991.0664.0825 to Hanau in the late 18th century based on the floral design surrounding the medallion and the initials <i>HN</i> on the bottom of many of the jars in the series. However, in a letter to curators dated August 1983, pharmaceutical historian Wolfgang-Hagen Hein wrote that the containers without initials and those marked <i>FH</i> were made in Florsheim in the German state of Hesse twenty-three miles southwest of Hanau.
[None]
CORNU CERVI TORNAT
Collection: National Museum of American History
Object type: jar
jar; Pharmaceutical Container
date made: 1790-1810
Date made: 1775 - 1799
place made: Germany
Physical Description: ceramic (overall material)
Measurements: overall: 16 cm x 10.8 cm; 6 5/16 in x 4 1/4 in
Credit line: Gift of American Pharmaceutical Association and Bristol-Myers Squibb Company
Publisher: Urdang, George and Ferdinand William Nitardy. The Squibb Ancient Pharmacy: A Catalogue of the Collection
Estes, J. Worth. Dictionary of Protopharmacology: Therapeutic Practices, 1700-1850
Topics: Medicine
Art
Pharmacy
European Apothecary
Description: This drug jar is marked <i>CORNU CERVI TORNAT.</i> <i>The Dictionary of Photopharmacology</i> by J. Worth Estes lists CORNU CERVI as a calcium phosphate derived from stag horns. It was used for a variety of ailments including as a sedative, antispasmodic and antacid.
Pharmaceutical historian George Urdang author of <i>The Squibb Ancient Pharmacy Catalogue</i> attributes containers 1991.0664.0760 through 1991.0664.0825 to Hanau in the late 18th century based on the floral design surrounding the medallion and the initials <i>HN</i> on the bottom of many of the jars in the series. However, in a letter to curators dated August 1983, the pharmaceutical historian Wolfgang-Hagen Hein wrote that the containers without initials and those marked <i>FH</i> were made in Florsheim in the German state of Hesse.
[None]
GUMMI ELASTIC
Collection: National Museum of American History
Object type: jar
jar; Pharmaceutical Container
date made: 1790-1810
Date made: 1775 - 1799
place made: Germany
Physical Description: ceramic (overall material)
Measurements: overall: 16 cm x 11 cm; 6 5/16 in x 4 5/16 in
Credit line: Gift of American Pharmaceutical Association and Bristol-Myers Squibb Company
Publisher: Urdang, George and Ferdinand William Nitardy. The Squibb Ancient Pharmacy: A Catalogue of the Collection
Topics: Art
Pharmacy
European Apothecary
Description (Brief): This drug jar is marked "GUMMI ELASTIC" which in German refers to rubber. It can also refer to a gum resin usually extracted from trees.
Pharmaceutical historian George Urdang Urdang attributed containers 1991.0664.0760 through 1991.0664.0825 to Hanau in the late 18th century based on the floral design surrounding the medallion and the initials "HN" on the bottom of many of the jars in the series. However, in a letter to museum curators dated August 1983, the pharmaceutical historian Wolfgang-Hagen Hein wrote that the containers without initials and those marked "FH" were made in Florsheim in the German state of Hesse.
[None]
AGARICUS
Collection: National Museum of American History
Object type: jar
jar; Pharmaceutical Container
date made: 1790-1810
Date made: 1775 - 1799
place made: Germany
Physical Description: ceramic (overall material)
Measurements: overall: 16.2 cm x 10.5 cm; 6 3/8 in x 4 1/8 in
Credit line: Gift of American Pharmaceutical Association and Bristol-Myers Squibb Company
Publisher: Urdang, George and Ferdinand William Nitardy. The Squibb Ancient Pharmacy: A Catalogue of the Collection
Topics: Art
Pharmacy
European Apothecary
Description (Brief): According to the <i>Dictionary of Protopharmacology</i> "AGARICUS" is a fungus used to stop bleeding. George Urdang author of <i>The Squibb Ancient Pharmacy Catalogue</i> attributes the containers 1991.0664.0760 through 1991.0664.0825 to Hanau in the late 18th century based on the floral design surrounding the medallion and the initials "HN" on the bottom of many of the jars in the series. However, in a letter to museum curators dated August 1983, the pharmaceutical scholar Wolfgang-Hagen Hein wrote that the containers without initials and those marked "FH" were made in Florsheim in the German state of Hesse.
[None]
TUTIAE PULVER
Collection: National Museum of American History
Object type: jar
jar; Pharmaceutical Container
date made: 1790-1810
Date made: 1775 - 1799
place made: Germany
Physical Description: ceramic (overall material)
Measurements: overall: 16 cm x 10.5 cm; 6 5/16 in x 4 1/8 in
Credit line: Gift of American Pharmaceutical Association and Bristol-Myers Squibb Company
Publisher: Urdang, George and Ferdinand William Nitardy. The Squibb Ancient Pharmacy: A Catalogue of the Collection
Topics: Art
Pharmacy
European Apothecary
Description (Brief): This drug jar marked "TUTIAE PULVER" would have contained a powder substance including zinc,copper, and lead which was made into an emollient. Pharmaceutical historian George Urdang attributes the containers 1991.0664.0760 through 1991.0664.0825 to Hanau in the late 18th century based on the floral design surrounding the medallion and the initials "HN" on the bottom of many of the jars in the series. However, in a letter to museum curators dated August 1983, the pharmaceutical historian Wolfgang-Hagen Hein wrote that the containers without initials and those marked "FH" were made in Florsheim in the German state of Hesse.
[None]
SANGUIS HIRCI
Collection: National Museum of American History
Object type: jar
jar; Pharmaceutical Container
Date made: 1775 - 1799
date made: 1790-1810
place made: Germany
Physical Description: ceramic (overall material)
Measurements: overall: 16.1 cm x 10.5 cm; 6 5/16 in x 4 1/8 in
Credit line: Gift of American Pharmaceutical Association and Bristol-Myers Squibb Company
Publisher: Urdang, George and Ferdinand William Nitardy. The Squibb Ancient Pharmacy: A Catalogue of the Collection
Topics: Medicine
Art
Pharmacy
European Apothecary
Description: This drug jar is marked <i>SANGUIS HIRCI</i>. Sanguis Hirci in Latin translates to blood and goat respectively.
Pharmaceutical historian George Urdang attributes containers 1991.0664.0760 through 1991.0664.0825 to Hanau in the late 18th century based on the floral design surrounding the medallion and the initials <i>HN</i> on the bottom of many of the jars in the series. However, in a letter to museum curators dated August 1983, the pharmaceutical historian Wolfgang-Hagen Hein wrote that the containers without initials and those marked <i>FH</i> were made in Florsheim in the German state of Hesse.
[None]
BUTTYR CACAO
Collection: National Museum of American History
Object type: jar
jar; Pharmaceutical Container
Date made: 1775 - 1799
date made: 1790-1810
place made: Germany
Physical Description: ceramic (overall material)
Measurements: overall: 16 cm x 11.3 cm; 6 5/16 in x 4 7/16 in
Credit line: Gift of American Pharmaceutical Association and Bristol-Myers Squibb Company
Publisher: Urdang, George and Ferdinand William Nitardy. The Squibb Ancient Pharmacy: A Catalogue of the Collection
Estes, J. Worth. Dictionary of Protopharmacology: Therapeutic Practices, 1700-1850
Topics: Medicine
Art
Pharmacy
European Apothecary
Description: This drug jar is marked "BUTTYR CACAO". Cacao was brought to Europe by explorers returning from the new world. It had been used for centuries by the indigenous peoples of South America. The contents of this jar would have held Cocoa butter extracted from the yellowish-white fat of the cacao bean, and used as a soothing ointment for burns. It was also used as the base for making suppositories.
Pharmaceutical historian George Urdang, author of <i>The Squibb Ancient Pharmacy Catalogue</i> attributes containers 1991.0664.0760 through 1991.0664.0825 to Hanau in the late 18th century based on the floral design surrounding the medallion and the initials "HN" on the bottom of many of the jars in the series. However, in a letter to museum curator dated August 1983, the pharmaceutical historian Wolfgang-Hagen Hein wrote that the containers without initials and those marked "FH" were made in Florsheim in the German state of Hesse.
[None]
Drug Jar
Collection: National Museum of American History
Object type: jar
jar; Pharmaceutical Container
date made: 1790-1810
Date made: 1775 - 1799
place made: Germany
Physical Description: ceramic (overall material)
Measurements: overall: 16.4 cm x 10.5 cm; 6 7/16 in x 4 1/8 in
Credit line: Gift of American Pharmaceutical Association and Bristol-Myers Squibb Company
Publisher: Urdang, George and Ferdinand William Nitardy. The Squibb Ancient Pharmacy: A Catalogue of the Collection
Topics: Art
Pharmacy
European Apothecary
Description (Brief): Drug jars often came with blank shields or cartouches. When the contents of the jars were refilled with different ingredients the apothecary wrote the new formula on the medallion.
George Urdang author of <i>The Squibb Ancient Pharmacy Catalogue</i> attributes the containers 1991.0664.0760 through 1991.0664.0825 to the town of Hanau in the late18th century based on the blue and purple floral design surrounding the white medallion and the initials <i>HN</i> on the bottom of many of the jars in the series. However, in a letter dated August 1983, the pharmaceutical historian Wolfgang-Hagen Hein wrote that the containers without initials, and those marked <i>FH</i> were made in Florsheim in the German state of Hesse just twenty-three miles southwest of Hanau.
[None]
Drug Jar
Collection: National Museum of American History
Object type: jar
jar; Pharmaceutical Container
date made: 1790-1810
Date made: 1775 - 1799
place made: Germany
Physical Description: ceramic (overall material)
Measurements: overall: 16.2 cm x 9.9 cm; 6 3/8 in x 3 7/8 in
Credit line: Gift of American Pharmaceutical Association and Bristol-Myers Squibb Company
Publisher: Urdang, George and Ferdinand William Nitardy. The Squibb Ancient Pharmacy: A Catalogue of the Collection
Topics: Art
Pharmacy
European Apothecary
Description (Brief): Drug jars often came with blank shields or cartouches. When the contents of the jars were refilled with different ingredients the apothecary would write the name of the new formula on the medallion.
George Urdang author of <i>The Squibb Ancient Pharmacy Catalogue</i>attributes the containers 1991.0664.0760 through 1991.0664.0825 to the town of Hanau in the late 18th century based on the blue and purple floral design surrounding the white medallion and the initials <i>HN</i> on the bottom of many of the jars in the series. However, in a letter to museum curators dated August 1983, the pharmaceutical historian Wolfgang-Hagen Hein wrote that the containers without initials, and those marked <i>FH</i> were made in Florsheim in the German state of Hesse just twenty-three miles southwest of Hanau.
[None]
SEM. SYNAPIS
Collection: National Museum of American History
Object type: jar
jar; Pharmaceutical Container
date made: 1790-1810
Date made: 1775 - 1799
place made: Germany
Physical Description: ceramic (overall material)
Measurements: overall: 16.1 cm x 11 cm; 6 5/16 in x 4 5/16 in
Credit line: Gift of American Pharmaceutical Association and Bristol-Myers Squibb Company
Publisher: Urdang, George and Ferdinand William Nitardy. The Squibb Ancient Pharmacy: A Catalogue of the Collection
Estes, J. Worth. Dictionary of Protopharmacology: Therapeutic Practices, 1700-1850
Topics: Medicine
Art
Pharmacy
European Apothecary
Description: This drug jar is marked <i>SEM. SYNAPIS</i>. Sem. Synapis, Synapi or Sinapi are the white or black seeds from the mustard plant. The seeds were used as an appetite stimulant for digestion, and as a laxative. It could also be used as an irritant for blistering and when made into mustard plasters.
Pharmaceutical historian George Urdang attributes containers 1991.0664.0760 through 1991.0664.0825 to Hanau in the late 18th century based on the floral design surrounding the medallion and the initials <i>HN</i> on the bottom of many of the jars in the series. However, in a letter to museum curators dated August 1983, the pharmaceutical history scholar Wolfgang-Hagen Hein wrote that the containers without initials and those marked <i>FH</i> were made in Florsheim in the German state of Hesse.
[None]
CORT: AURANT: FLAV
Collection: National Museum of American History
Object type: jar
jar; Pharmaceutical Container
date made: 1790-1810
Date made: 1775 - 1799
place made: Germany
Physical Description: ceramic (overall material)
Measurements: overall: 16.2 cm x 11 cm; 6 3/8 in x 4 5/16 in
Credit line: Gift of American Pharmaceutical Association and Bristol-Myers Squibb Company
Publisher: Urdang, George and Ferdinand William Nitardy. The Squibb Ancient Pharmacy: A Catalogue of the Collection
Estes, J. Worth. Dictionary of Protopharmacology: Therapeutic Practices, 1700-1850
Topics: Art
Pharmacy
European Apothecary
Description (Brief): "CORT: AURANT: FLAV" is the fruit or rind of the orange. Aurant Cortex was used for flavoring in cooking. It was also used as a tonic, antispasmodic, and for the general health of the stomach.
George Urdang author of <i>The Squibb Ancient Pharmacy Catalogue</i> attributes the containers 1991.0664.0760 through 1991.0664.0825 to Hanau in the late 18th century based on the floral design surrounding the medallion and the initials "HN" on the bottom of many of the jars in the series. However, in a letter to museum curators dated August 1983, the pharmaceutical historian Wolfgang-Hagen Hein wrote that the unmarked containers and those marked "FH" were made in Florsheim in the German state of Hesse.
[None]