Revolutionary War Pension and Bounty Land Warrant Application File S. 35,420, Casper Hooper, Navy Residence And Agency-Maine

SERVICE
NUMBER
Navy
Hooper, Casper
S. 35,420
Residence and Agency - Maine
CONTENTS

Christian Reflector & Christian Watchman.
NICHOLS, UPHAM & FORD, PROPRIETORS.
BOSTON, THURSDAY, JULY 6, 1848.
C. W. VOL. XXIX.—C. R. VOL. XI. NO. 27.
Reflector & Watchman.
EDITORS. J. W. OLMSTEAD. WILLIAM HAGUE. H. A. GRAVES, Cor. Editor. Office, 122 Washington, Corner of Water Street. BY FOR TERMS, SEE LAST PAGE.
Foreign Correspondence of the Reflector & Watchman.
JAMAICA, W. I.
Kingston, May 22, 1848.
It is more than a month since the date of my last letter, which is a long interruption to a series of connected statements, such as I had commenced giving. But I recollect that this is the portion of the year in which your paper is wont to be crowded with anniversary reports; besides, the revolutions in Europe so far exceed, in importance and in exciting interest, the follies and sufferings of the West Indians, that it seems hardly right for me to claim a column in your foreign correspondence. I regret, moreover, to learn that some of the letters I forwarded during winter, have never appeared in your paper, from which I infer that they failed to reach you. The bare possibility that a letter may be lost on its way, is quite a damper to my zeal. But I have good reason to suppose that what I commit to the bark Kingston , which sails for Philadelphia to-morrow, will find its way to your compositor. And I have some stimulus for writing, in the simple desire to be remembered by the old readers of your journal. This discouraging epistle may serve this useful purpose, then, if no other; it may be to the friends of former days, a 'Forget me not.'
Since my last writing, we have had almost every kind of excitement here, except the better kinds. The people have been disappointed by the Home Government, which does literally nothing for the planter's benefit, and they have appealed, threatened, grumbled, scolded one another, and cried 'Ruin,' till it seems actually coming at their call. On one side, the Yucatecs have been over-run by the Indians, and reports of anarchy and bloodshed have spread abroad a sympathetic terror. On the other, the Haytiens have been shooting each other, while every man's life has been at the mercy of his enemies, and of a blood-thirsty despot. Large companies of emigrants have fled to this island for protection; and here in abject poverty, dependent on public charity, are families which a few weeks since were living, in Hayti, in comfort and opulence. In another direction, the Venezuelans have been in a state of revolution, and the famous Paredes, son of Bolivar, an exile from his country, has sojourned for a period in Kingston. His personal appearance, particularly his physiognomy, command singular respect. I have rarely seen a countenance which combined dignity and gravity in an equal degree.
And last, but not least, Santa Anna has taken up his residence here. The man in whose fortune and character, more striking opposites and extremes are united, than in those of any other man living,—the hero of one battle, and the first runaway of another,—again and again at the head of a nation and its armies, again and again the private citizen, or the unattended foreigner,—now the observed of all observers, and now living unknown to his next-door neighbor,
and one to assure the people at home of the loyalty of himself and his colleagues. Some things had appeared in one of the newspapers, indicating a want of loyalty. One of the leaders of the meeting had actually been heard to say that he would like a transfer of allegiance to the American government.
I will not detain your attention longer save to say that this is a rainy day ,—the first we have seen since our arrival in the island last November. Of course the rainy season has just commenced. I remain truly yours, H. A. G.
Foreign Correspondence of the Reflector & Watchman.
LETTER FROM MOUNT CARMEL. TABAREA TO DAMASCUS.
We leave the Lake of Galilee for Damascus, (two and a half days distant. The course is north by east. Let us bribe the porter, that he may open the gate in the grey of the morning. We pass up the western border of the lake two hours. The wild ducks seem to be domesticated or to claim a rightful possession. We notice the ruins of old towns. A lovely valley opens on the left. A small village stands here, called Magdal, perhaps Magdala. Bedouins were encamped in this vicinity with small herds of cattle. Rivulets flow into the lake. We pass a large walled enclosure or khan, and six hours afterwards we pass another.
Four hours from Tabarea, we take our final view of this lake in its full extent, with its adjacent hills, and with a thought of the sermons, prayers and miracles, such as the world beside never witnessed. There is gravity in the thought, and some sentiment becomes this farewell vision.
The whole valley of the Upper Jordan is verdant. What hundreds of camels, with saddle or pad on the back, are feeding on these slopes. They are just now (March) returned from Mecca across the desert to Damascus, and are sent down hither to pasture till the next annual caravan sets out with pilgrims to Mecca. See the driver or owner of each group sit on a rock or eminence to watch the objects of his care. The Bedouin tents occur often. There is much fear of Bedouin rapacity. Nor do I suppose that it is wholly a matter of affectation, yet I do not hear of any recent instance of violence.
Let us lodge in the Turkish guard-house at Jacob's bridge, pronounced Yacoub or Argob. This is a fording-place of the Jordan, just below the Lake Merom or Trachonitis, now called Bahr el Hoole. The Jordan is here about thirty yards wide, the current tumultuous but not deep. The bridge is constructed of stone with three arches, and is the best modern work of the kind that we have seen in Syria. An officer is stationed here to protect pilgrims, a company of whom came down from the north on their way to Jerusalem, just after we arrived. They, both men and women, encamped in the open air without tents. We leave them asleep when we take our departure by the aid of the morning star.
As we ascend the ridges of Hermon, east of the Jordan, we see a fire which had raged during the night on the west bank of Lake Merom, just like a fire in your western prairies. Though the fire may be harmless, the sight of it by night
through weeks and months of subsequent toil. The Convention was organized by the choice of Rev. D. P. Smith, of Iowa City, as Moderator, and Rev. T. H. Archibald, of Du Buque, as Clerk. The annual sermon was preached by brother Smith, from Zechariah 4: 10—'Who hath despised the day of small things.' As we reviewed the past, and saw how God had often caused the 'little one to become a thousand, and the small one a strong nation,' our hope was strengthened, and our confidence increased, that even among us 'the gates of hell' should not prevail against the church of God.
There are in the State two Associations, containing forty-five churches, twenty-five ministers, and an aggregate of about one thousand members. Many of these churches, however, are exceedingly small; ten of them having less than twenty members each. Many of the ministry have but a partial support, and are, in consequence, not wholly given to the work. This is all the labor and strength that the Baptists of Iowa have, among a population extending from the Mississippi to the Rocky Mountains, and from the Des Moines river to the forty-third degree of north latitude, and numbering more than one hundred thousand souls.
Well may we adopt the language of the annual report of the Board of the Convention, and say, 'Never did we more fully appreciate the truth, 'The harvest truly is plenteous, but the laborers are few.' At this important crisis, a few efficient men would not only exert a direct influence, salutary and wide-spread, upon the problematical destiny of this rapidly rising State, but would vastly augment the usefulness of those who are toiling single-handed, and undermining their constitutions by excessive hardships and crushing responsibilities.'
'And yet were we to intimate that all our good brethren at the East were not just where they should be, responding to calls most imperious, bound by obligations too sacred to sever, occupying fields of greatest promise, we might be regarded as unadvised and censorious. If so, what an important prayer should go up from our American Israel for an increase of laborers. With what earnestness should the feeble churches composing this Convention, with palpitating hearts bleeding over our moral wastes, with one hand grasping the sickle, the other filled with the precious grain, urge before the august Majesty, 'O Lord, send forth laborers into thy harvest!'
While on this subject, allow me to correct one impression prevalent among the New England churches. It is supposed that the ministry for the West must be men who can preach without reading from previously prepared 'notes.' This is a mistake. Some of the best and most acceptable preachers of our denomination in this State, often, if not generally, read their sermons on the Sabbath.
The Convention was marked by great unanimity of feeling, and left a salutary and lasting impression.
THA.
For the Reflector & Watchman.
CONNECTICUT ANNIVERSARIES.
The Connecticut anniversaries were held with the Second Baptist church in Suffield, June 10th, 14th, and 15th. Suffield is one of the
meeting of deep interest, and was made peculiarly so, on the present occasion, by the presence of our beloved brother Vinton and wife, and two native Karens—one of whom appeared in his native costume. Rev. Mr. Turnbull read a long, but interesting report, after which, Mr. Parker, of Massachusetts, in the place of Mr. Bright, who was expected, addressed the congregation, and uttered some impressive truths in relation to the Christian stewardship. In two particulars, Mr. P. was especially felicitous. In the first place, he evidently had something to say, and when he had said that something, he sat down. He left a good impression. Mr. Vinton followed with an address, the peculiarities of which, whether in matter or manner, cannot well be set out. His object was to show, that for the Missionary work at present, among the Karens especially, tried men—experienced pastors —the choicest gifts of the church, and not mere novitiates, young men fresh from the schools, were needed. Mr. Vinton is a peculiar speaker—hesitating—abrupt, yet pithy and sententious, and at times, fearfully animated . See him as he rises and bends awkwardly over the Bible—remaining silent, till the congregation sink into a deathlike stillness. The deep lines of his swarthy face, seem to be controlling and forming themselves to the rising thoughts and gathering emotions of his soul. He jerks out his words and sentences, as if by effort, lest they should mingle with the mass of unuttered and unutterable feeling, beneath which his soul is evidently struggling. He is sparing of words, but the few which he uses are full of meaning. He speaks earnestly, and sometimes with severity, but he knows whereof he affirms, and seems to be literally 'fretted out of measure' with the urgency of the work in which he is engaged. Rev. J. L. Swan followed, with an appeal, asking, Who will go? Who of the pastors of Connecticut?
Mr. Turnbull said that if he felt it to be his duty to go to the heathen, he would surely go—and added that he sustained a native preacher, and four members of his church, each did the same.
The services were closed by the singing of the hymn, commencing 'Rock of Ages,' &c., by Mr. Vinton, and the two natives. Here our record must close, as a journey of nearly a hundred miles by carriage, compelled us to leave early on Thursday morning.
By the way—we were permitted to hear your old neighbor, Rev. Mr. Langworthy, of Chelsea, on Sabbath evening preach an excellent sermon on the necessity of the new birth . We were glad to hear a sermon so purely evangelical in a Puritan church. It was evidently formed with reference to the Unitarian antagonism—but such preaching will find antagonisms everywhere, save in Heaven. A true Christianity in a world like this, must be antagonistical. Blessed are they who fight the good fight of faith.
AGAPE.
For the Reflector & Watchman.
BALAAM AND HIS PROPHECIES.
If such were the character of Balaam, and the nature of his prophecies, how are they to be reconciled? God has not thought proper to make known the reason why he should speak through his wicked servant. Our conclusions on this
matter must be drawn from the words of the prophet himself. He was a man of great earnestness, in clear, audible tones of voice, a discourse remarkable for its richness of scriptural truth, simplicity of language, and directness and pungency of application. A very large assembly, embracing the most distinguished citizens from the other congregations, was gathered, and listened with profound attention to the words of wisdom and truth as they fell from his lips. After the service was concluded, many of them remained to grasp his hand, and give him the assurance of their reverence for his character.
The desire to hear still more from the patriarch, especially after he had expressed his own opinion that it was for the last time, was so strong, that Dr. Alexander was induced to occupy the pulpit of the First church in the evening. The other churches were closed, and a great congregation thronged the house at an early hour. The introductory services were conducted by Drs. Ccondit and Brinsmade, and the veteran preacher then rose and delivered one of his most impressive discourses from these words:
And yet were we to intimate that all our good brethren at the East were not just where they should be, responding to calls most imperious, bound by obligations too sacred to sever, occupying fields of greatest promise, we might be regarded as unadvised and censorious. If so, what an important prayer should go up from our American Israel for an increase of laborers. With what earnestness should the feeble churches composing this Convention, with palpitating hearts bleeding over our moral wastes, with one hand grasping the sickle, the other filled with the precious grain, urge before the august Majesty, 'O Lord, send forth laborers into thy harvest!'
While on this subject, allow me to correct one impression prevalent among the New England churches. It is supposed that the ministry for the West must be men who can preach without reading from previously prepared 'notes.' This is a mistake. Some of the best and most acceptable preachers of our denomination in this State, often, if not generally, read their sermons on the Sabbath.
The Convention was marked by great unanimity of feeling, and left a salutary and lasting impression.
THA.
For the Reflector & Watchman.
LABORS OF CALVIN.
Dr. Hoyle, who wrote under the patronage of Archbishop Usher, mentioning Calvin, says, 'What shall I speak of his indefatigable industry, almost beyond the power of nature? which, paralleled with our loitering, will, I fear, exceed all credit! It may be the truest object of admiration, how one lean, worn, spent and wearied body could hold out. He read, every week of the year through, three divinity lectures; every other week, over and above, he preached every day: so that (as Erasmus said of Chrysostom,) I know not whether more to admire his constancy, or theirs that heard him. Some have reckoned his yearly lectures to be one hundred and eighty-six. Every Thursday he sat in the presbytery. Every Friday, when the ministers met to consult upon difficult texts, he made as good as a lecture. Besides all this, there was scarcely a day that exercised him not in answering, either by word of mouth or writing, the doubts and questions of different churches and pastors; so that he might say with Paul, 'The care of all the churches lieth upon me.' Scarcely a year passed wherein, over and above all these employments, some great volume, in folio, or other size, came not forth.'
This celebrated man, even in his dying illness, would not refrain from his labors; but, when his friends endeavored to persuade him to ease himself, he replied, 'What! shall my Lord come and find me idle?'—Cyclopedia of Moral and Religious Anecdotes.
him; and whatever may be our conjectures concerning him, we may reconcile his character and his prophecies, by remembering that Jehovah can cause the wrath of man to praise Him, and the remainder of wrath will He restrain.
As well as he could, Mr. Medhurst was struck from behind, with the butt end of one of the above-named hoes, the blow of which immediately stunned him, and he fell flat on the ground; the bystanders then came up, and struck him a number of times, whilst lying on his face; among the rest, one gave him a severe blow with a sword on the side of the knee. The other missionaries were equally ill treated. Mr. Muirhead being so much beat about his legs, that he was scarcely able to walk, and Mr. Lockhart received a severe wound on the back of the head, which bled profusely.
After having beaten them as much as they thought proper, the marauders proceeded to plunder them of their watches, spectacles, caps and clothes, with whatever else they could lay their hands on. This showed that the main object of the attack was to disable the Englishmen, so far that they could not resist, and then to rob them. It was a great mercy, however, that they were not murdered in the process, as any one of the blows so profusely dealt out, was sufficient, if rightly directed, to have caused death. After the missionaries were pillaged, they were ordered to proceed back toward the city, and when the least unwillingness was manifested, fresh blows were dealt out. Messrs. Medhurst and Lockhart, being acquainted with the language, endeavored, as they were led along, to remonstrate with their captors, and sought to move them by appealing to their feelings or sense of justice, but only got blows in return. On seeing any respectable looking people by the road, if the missionaries appealed to them for help, they got additional blows, and if any strangers approached too near, they received blows also.
The missionaries were urged forward, with the threat that they should be conveyed on board the junks, and should not be released without the payment of $5,000 each. The man that held Mr. Lockhart was somewhat softened when he heard that he was a surgeon, and had previously healed gratuitously, several of the grain junkmen in Shanghai. The others, also, as they approached nearer the city, appeared to soften in their treatment; gradually the party was joined by others of a different stamp, and who, though they kept fast hold of their prisoners, did not ill-use them. They were discovered by degrees to be men from the magistrate's office. When within sight of the city gate, the escort came to a halt, the one party wishing to retain the Englishmen there, or carry them off in a different direction, (perhaps to the grain junks,) while the latter pressed them to go into the city. The latter party prevailed; on arriving at the gate of the city, several respectable people came out, and endeavored to re-assure the missionaries, and persuade them to go to the office for protection; indeed, throughout the whole affair, the inhabitants of the place manifested the utmost sympathy with the missionaries, and sorrow at what had occurred, and though the square before the office was filled with people, not one of them showed the least disposition to insult or annoy them.
By the time the escort had reached the city gate, the grain junk-men had, one by one, slunk away, and the Englishmen were left entirely in the hands of the office servants. These conducted them to the magistrate, who soon appeared, invited the missionaries into the visitor's apartment, and, after asking them to sit down, inquired into the affair. Being informed of the whole circumstances, from beginning to end, he promised that the stolen articles should be returned, and that the men who committed the outrage should be punished. Having then provided chairs and boats to convey the missionaries back to their own boat, he despatched two military and two civil officers to escort and protect them from further harm. In this way they reached their own boat, and finally their own homes in safety, thankful for the preservation of their lives.
DR. ALEXANDER, OF PRINCETON.
The venerable Professor of Theology, now in the 77th year of his age, seldom goes from home, but when he does, he is received by his friends with those marks of attention and respect to which his long and eminent services in the church entitle him. Having been spending a few days in New York, he went over to Newark, on Saturday last, to pass a quiet Sabbath at the house of one of his friends, a former pupil, but it was soon known that he was in town, and a large number of the citizens called in the evening to pay their respects to the venerable man. The clergy waited upon him, and invited him to occupy their pulpits on the coming Sabbath, at such times as his strength would permit. He was able to engage to preach but once, and in the pulpit of the Third Presbyterian church, (Dr. Brinsmade's,) where he delivered with great earnestness, in clear, audible tones of voice, a discourse remarkable for its richness of scriptural truth, simplicity of language, and directness and pungency of application. A very large assembly, embracing the most distinguished citizens from the other congregations, was gathered, and listened with profound attention to the words of wisdom and truth as they fell from his lips. After the service was concluded, many of them remained to grasp his hand, and give him the assurance of their reverence for his character.
The desire to hear still more from the patriarch, especially after he had expressed his own opinion that it was for the last time, was so strong, that Dr. Alexander was induced to occupy the pulpit of the First church in the evening. The other churches were closed, and a great congregation thronged the house at an early hour. The introductory services were conducted by Drs. Ccondit and Brinsmade, and the veteran preacher then rose and delivered one of his most impressive discourses from these words:
And yet were we to intimate that all our good brethren at the East were not just where they should be, responding to calls most imperious, bound by obligations too sacred to sever, occupying fields of greatest promise, we might be regarded as unadvised and censorious. If so, what an important prayer should go up from our American Israel for an increase of laborers. With what earnestness should the feeble churches composing this Convention, with palpitating hearts bleeding over our moral wastes, with one hand grasping the sickle, the other filled with the precious grain, urge before the august Majesty, 'O Lord, send forth laborers into thy harvest!'
While on this subject, allow me to correct one impression prevalent among the New England churches. It is supposed that the ministry for the West must be men who can preach without reading from previously prepared 'notes.' This is a mistake. Some of the best and most acceptable preachers of our denomination in this State, often, if not generally, read their sermons on the Sabbath.
The Convention was marked by great unanimity of feeling, and left a salutary and lasting impression.
THA.
deavor to contrive some method or other to elude the obligation of duty. The heart, which is 'deceitful above all things and desperately wicked,' is never so fertile of evasions as when delight is all on one side and mere duty on the other. The man who has no heart for God, and no pleasure in his ways, may study to save appearances, he may dissemble to gain some favorite point, he may for a season do violence to his feelings, but while his heart secretly revolts, there is ground to apprehend that inclination will ultimately influence his conduct, and that the mask will not always be worn. Perseverance in an unpleasant path is not to be expected.—Dore, MS.
CARRYING A KNAPSACK.
When Dr. Cheever made the tour of Mont Blanc, he borrowed a military knapsack, and deposited in it such articles of clothing as he thought indispensable for his journey. With his knapsack on his shoulders, a long Alpen stock shod with iron in his hand, and a small edition of Paul's epistle to the Romans in his waistcoat pocket, he started off, he tells us, feeling very independent. His experience of the convenience and inconvenience of this sort of equipage leads him to say, 'There is one good thing in carrying your own knapsack; when you throw it off at evening you feel so light from the relief that your other fatigues are quite forgotten: you could almost set out for another day's walk. It seems as though some heavenly power had put wings to your shoulders. I do not expect, by this argument, to persuade any man to walk all day with a weary fardel on his back; it will be something like getting sick in order to enjoy the pleasure of convalescence; but certainly, if one feels compelled to walk under a burden, what I have mentioned is soon a consolation and encouragement. Just so, it may be, that those who have the heaviest burdens to bear through life, will be the lighter for them when they lay them at evening in the grave. Certainly they will, if the burdens were borne for Christ, if they came upon the shoulders in his service, or if they were carried in sweet, cheerful submission to him, because he laid them there. Men will be lighter and brighter for all such burdens for ever and ever; lighter and brighter in their path of glory and happiness through eternity, than those whose knapsack of evils was borne for them by others, or who had none to bear for Christ. Yes, burdened pilgrim, this light affliction worketh an exceeding and eternal weight of glory.'
HYPOCRISY DETECTED.
In the autumn of the year 1796, a minister was preaching to the Baptist congregation at Battle, with great acceptance. The writer heard him several Sabbaths, and considered him a man who would not suffer sin in himself or his people—his denunciations of it were very powerful.
Before that year closed, this minister preached on a Lord's day evening from the words 'Be sure your sin will find you out,' Numbers xxii. 23. But, alas! he was an immoral man. A person in London who had known him where he had previously been, and where he had lost his character, hearing that he was preaching at Battle, and likely to settle there, felt it his duty to warn the church, and not having been able to secure time in the course of the week to write, devoted the Lord's day evening to that duty—the very Lord's day evening on which the sermon was preached. The letter was commenced about seven o'clock, probably about the same time as the sermon, and both were proceeding together. Great was the surprise of the deacons at the receipt of the letter. The charges could not be denied, and the preacher left.
London Rev. Mag.

which combined dignity and gravity in an equal degree.
And last, but not least, Santa Anna has taken up his residence here. The man in whose fortune and character, more striking opposites and extremes are united, than in those of any other man living,—the hero of one battle, and the first runaway of another,—again and again at the head of a nation and its armies, again and again the private citizen, or the unattended foreigner,—now the observed of all observers, and now living unknown to his next-door neighbor,—this man is the tenant of a house in the upper part of Kingston. No gentleman of the upper classes appears to live more by himself, or to be less noticed, than the retired warrior. The flag of Victoria waves over him as over me, giving us equal protection, but no distinctions. He has not, as I am aware, suffered from ennui yet, so much as to resort to his favorite sport of cock-fighting, and it is to be hoped that he will sufficiently regard the difference between English and Spanish tastes not to do so at any time.
It is an item of some interest, and affords an illustration of the public sentiment in this island, that the editor of the Messenger , having hinted at the gross immorality of certain gentlemen in his neighborhood, though without designating individuals, has been indicted by the Grand Jury of the county, for publishing libelous articles. The trial has not yet occurred, but a very large majority of the Honorables and Esquires belonging to the body referred to, voted the bill of indictment, and the probability is that Mr. L. (the editor,) will suffer imprisonment. The question of the freedom of the press in Jamaica, is actually to be decided by this trial, and many are awaiting the result with no little interest.
While the kingdoms of the earth are trembling, thrones are tottering from their foundations, and the old order of things is passing away, we have been reminded that other elements are in existence, and subject to agitations more terrible and destructive than those which affect the civil relations of men. A few days since, a rumbling noise passed over this city, followed by a perceptible shaking of the earth and the houses, which, though not sufficiently severe to do injury, was enough to suggest our exposure. We subsequently heard that the shock was yet more sensibly felt in the mountains; and we were impressed with the conviction that it is God's forbearance that prevents a repetition in this island, of the scenes of a former period. Then the mountains shook against each other, new channels for rivers were formed, and the ocean overlapped its barriers, whelming a populous city in its depths! So fearful are the messengers that await the orders of the Almighty. So do
Dangers stand thick through all the ground, To push us to the tomb.
It is God that prevents our sudden destruction. In His hand are the deep places of the earth; the strength of the hills is His also.
Nothing new has transpired to diminish the evidences alluded to in my last letters, that the true cause of the embarrassed condition of this island, is the miserable management of proprietors and agents. But you must wait a little longer for the important statements remaining to be made, as my time is fully occupied by the duties of the Institution now under my superintendence. A mass meeting was held at the Court House the other day, which was called by the Mayor. The course pursued by the Home Government, (embracing the encouragement it has given to the slave trade, by admitting slave-grown sugars on the principles of free trade,) was the only subject of special animadversion. So far as the slave-trade is concerned, the protestations are truly important, for, as I have shown in a former letter, this dreadful traffic is carried on with unprecedented vigor. By far the most eloquent and effective speech of this occasion was delivered by Rev. S. Oughton, a Baptist clergyman. And one thing which he said was, that he would rather this island should be sunk to the bottom of the ocean, than allied to the United States of America! He evidently had two objects in this remark,—one to assure the masses of his abhorrence of slavery,
whom came down from the north on their way to Jerusalem, just after we arrived. They, both men and women, encamped in the open air without tents. We leave them asleep when we take our departure by the aid of the morning star.
As we ascend the ridges of Hermon, east of the Jordan, we see a fire which had raged during the night on the west bank of Lake Merom, just like a fire in your western prairies. Though the fire may be harmless, the sight of it by night is terrific.
We are charmed to see trees once more, the oak and the olive. Neither yesterday nor to-day do we pass a village or a house. What a country! Where are its ancient millions, armies, cities, towns? We see some indications of former culture, walls, foundations, cattle and goats. Camels, in several instances, had fallen along the way. The carcass of one was so fresh that the monstrous vultures from the mountains were feasting on the flesh. A hyena feared to approach. We thought that the shepherds in this vicinity guarded their lambs with a wakeful eye.
As the wind came down from the snowy tops of Hermon, the Djebel el Sheik, we drew our cloaks more closely around us.
What a day's ride! it is well that we began early,—full twelve hours on the saddle—climbing over hills, wading in desert sand, picking our steps for two hours over a bed of basalt stone, some perpendicular, some horizontal.
Sassa or Sassad is seen for hours in prospect to encourage the traveller. It is a very small town, enclosed by a high wall, to enable the poor people to protect from the Bedouins their herds of cattle, which are driven within the walls every night for safe keeping. This wall is one of the many works which immortalize the temporary dominion of Ibrahim Pacha in Syria. Here we sleep with a more peaceful mind, as we anticipate an easy ride to-morrow to the present point of destination.
We are on the plain of Damascus. Here is a sweet rivulet which empties into the Abana. The Hermon, Djebel el Sheik, is a majestic range on our left, nearly parallel to our path.
A different race of people is here surely. The style of culture, the style of architecture, the aspect and dress of the people, if possible, are different. The mountain is bleak and naked, the plain in its vicinity is badly washed, so that the soil is shallow, and the pebbles are often visible, but irrigation has a surprising power, and the valley further to the right appears to be rich.
What do we see? groves of ornamental and fruit trees, lofty and extensive. These indicate the position of towns in the suburbs of Damascus. See the buildings, whitewashed, larger, and more attractive in apparent comfort, than we have seen these many days. Look further on. It is Damascus itself, one great Eden, one widely extended grove, where the city is lost from the sight, except a few minarets which tower above trees and walls. Such is the first impression of Damascus as seen on the plain. To look down upon it from the mountain, changes the object and the impression.
TRAVELLER.
Correspondence of the Reflector and Watchman.
IOWA.
The Iowa Baptist Convention held its seventh anniversary at Davenport, on the 2d and 3d of June. To the Western missionary, these annual gatherings are seasons of rich and hal- lowed enjoyment. They are almost the only opportunities he has to mingle with his fellow- laborers, scattered over the wide harvest field, and toiling on, single-handed and alone, that they may 'gather fruit unto life eternal.' There, for a few precious days, he may meet his brethren, unite his counsels and his prayers with theirs, look over the wide destitution which abounds, and plan for its supply, listen to the trials and encouragements which his brethren experience, then relate his own, and emphatically say, 'it is good to be here.' Such seasons, then, are looked forward to with sweet anticipations, and are cherished in glad remembrance
State, often, if not generally, read their sermons on the Sabbath.
The Convention was marked by great unanimity of feeling, and left a salutary and lasting impression. THA.
For the Reflector & Watchman.
CONNECTICUT ANNIVERSARIES.
The Connecticut anniversaries were held with the Second Baptist church in Suffield, June 10th, 14th, and 15th. Suffield is one of the most fertile and wealthy towns in the State—situated on the western side of the river, about eighteen miles above Hartford. Monday and Tuesday were very favorable days for travelling, so that an unusually large delegation were present. The second church in Suffield is a large, efficient body,—probably the wealthiest church of our denomination in the State.
The Convention was organized, by choosing Rev. Dwight Ives, President, and Rev. E. Cushman, Secretary. On Tuesday evening, the Convention sermon was preached by Rev. E. Cushman, of Deep River, from 1 John 5:19. The object of the preacher was to contrast the condition of the church, and the world, and to show the obligation of the former, to labor for the salvation of the latter. The sermon was good—that is, it contained a great many important truths, well expressed—and evidently came from a feeling heart; but to our minds, was deficient in one important feature, namely, UNTRV. Nothing is so essential to the ultimate, final effect of a sermon, as an accumulative argument, all tending to one point.
On Wednesday morning, the Education Society were in session. Rev. S. D. Phelps was elected President. Rev. T. F. Caldicott, of the Northern Baptist Education Society, addressed the Society upon the importance of ministerial education. His views upon this subject cannot fail, we think, to commend themselves to Baptists, inasmuch as they are decidedly and peculiarly the views, which, as a denomination, they have ever cherished. He alluded with great respect and feeling, to our fathers in the ministry, as men of decided piety and worth, owned and approved of heaven. This is the right spirit. It will allay prejudice, and give our educational interest access to the sympathies of our churches. The fact is, our fathers in the ministry—if we regard the end of education, an ability to preach the gospel, were not uneducated men; for they did preach the gospel. They had to struggle with difficulties in the attainment of mental discipline, to which it would not be wisdom to make our younger brethren subject. But they attained it, at least, many of them. We have in mind now, our own venerable pastor, than whom, we have heard few better preachers. And there are a few of his cotemporaries still remaining, to whom we always listen with interest and profit.
A brother of ours, who has attended the ministry of Dr. Tyng during the past winter, says, that in addition to a finished education, and classical refinement, he has all the unction peculiar to our old Baptist ministry. In this, consists his power, and here is the secret of his unrivalled popularity.
The subject of Domestic Missions occupied Wednesday afternoon. Addresses were made by brethren Cushman, Vinton, and Swan. Mr. Swan, in allusion to the report of the committee, said:—Mr. President,—The apostle tells us that through faith, the Elders obtained a good report; (here the congregation catching the verbal analogy, and anticipating the application, lost their gravity, and broke down with laughter,) and continued he, it may in truth be said, that the elders here to-day, obtained a good report, and I doubt not but that faith dictated it.
The Home Mission and Bible interests were also before the body; the former advocated by brethren Morton and Stewart, and the latter by bro. Woolsey. The address of bro. S. excited much interest and sympathy, and a liberal collection was taken up, to aid the cause of seamen which he represents.
On Wednesday evening, came the subject of Foreign Missions. This has usually been a
where, save in Heaven. A true Christianity in a world like this, must be antagonistical. Blessed are they who fight the good fight of faith. AGAPE.
For the Reflector & Watchman.
BALAAM AND HIS PROPHECIES.
If such were the character of Balaam, and the nature of his prophecies, how are they to be reconciled? God has not thought proper to make known the reason why he should speak through his wicked servant. Our conclusions on this point must be the result of more supposition or conjecture. The apostle Peter in his second epistle, speaks of Balaam as a prophet, but as 'having forsaken the right way,' and as having 'loved the wages of unrighteousness.' Jude, in his epistle, speaks of some who 'ran greedily after the error of Balaam for reward;' and in Revelations, we read of some in the church at Pergamos, who 'held the doctrine of Balaam, who taught Balak to cast a stumbling-block before the children of Israel.' From these passages of Scripture, we conclude that he possessed an avaricious spirit, which destroyed the good he may have possessed. But notwithstanding his wickedness, God was able to make him an instrument in accomplishing the divine will. He speaks by whom He will. The word of God contains the records of unconverted men, upon whom was bestowed the gift of prophecy. When Saul sent messengers to take David, and when they saw the company of the prophets, prophesying, and Samuel standing as appointed over them, the Spirit of God was upon the messengers of Saul, and they also prophesied. And when it was told Saul, he sent other messengers, and they prophesied likewise. And Saul sent messengers again the third time, and they prophesied also. Then went he also to Ramah, and came to a great well in Sechu, and the Spirit of God was upon him also, and he prophesied.
In the gospel by John, we read that one of the chief priests who sought the destruction of Jesus, prophesied that he would die for the Jews, and gather together in one the children of God that were scattered abroad; and the apostle Paul, in his first epistle to the Corinthians, intimates that a man may have the gift of prophecy, and yet be destitute of true piety: 'Though I have the gift of prophecy, and understand all mysteries, and all knowledge; and though I have all faith, so that I could remove mountains, and have not charity, I am nothing.' Thus the character and the prophecies of Balaam may be reconciled on the ground that God may and does sometimes employ wicked men for the accomplishment of his purposes.
Again: Jehovah may have designed to show to Balak the superiority of the Divine will to all magic influence. Balak had sent to a great distance to procure an individual who was known as the most successful of all magicians; and he had offered him great rewards. Had the Lord restrained Balaam from going to Balak, he would not have so greatly displayed his sovereign power. By permitting the wicked prophet to go at a moment when the hopes of Balak are raised to their highest pitch, and he expects to hear Israel cursed, the turning of a premeditated curse into a blessing, could not fail to impress the mind of Balak with a sense of power beyond the reach of human skill.
God may also have designed in this way to discover to Balaam his true condition. He may have been, according to many Jewish writers, a great prophet. If so, he had wandered far from God. In his conduct, he now manifests a decidedly avaricious spirit. He is seized with an inordinate love of riches and honor. And what more effectual way could God have chosen to reveal to his wicked servant the corruptions of an avaricious heart, and the wickedness of departing from the one unbinding rule of right? The refusal, at first, to let him go, and then the displeasure of God because he went; the hedging up his way; the extortion of a blessing from lips prepared to utter a curse; the frustration of all the plans, and the blasting of all the hopes of the prophet, were well calculated to impress upon his heart lessons of eternal wisdom.
The improvement he made of all he saw and heard is recorded as an evidence of his depravity. He advised Balak to engage the Israelites in sin. Those who were betrayed by this advice perished. Balaam was involved in the slaughter of the Midianites; and Balak had the mortification of seeing his allies attacked, their country plundered, and himself accused with being the author of their calamity.
Our conclusions, therefore, after reading the history of Balaam's life, are that he was a prophet of the Lord, blinded by avarice; and that, notwithstanding the wickedness of his heart, God thought proper to make him an instrument of good to Israel, when he designed to curse
the assurance of their reverence for his character.
The desire to hear still more from the patriarch, especially after he had expressed his own opinion that it was for the last time, was so strong, that Dr. Alexander was induced to occupy the pulpit of the First church in the evening. The other churches were closed, and a great congregation thronged the house at an early hour. The introductory services were conducted by Drs. Cudit and Brinsmade, and the veteran preacher then rose and delivered one of his most impressive discourses from these words: 'Holding forth the word of life.'
In concluding his remarks, he reminded the people of the power and fullness with which the word had been held forth in that place for more than a century by the accomplished Burr, the learned and patriarchal McWhorter, the eloquent Griffin, and the wise and sagacious Richards, to say nothing of living men, and in view of these distinguished privileges, he besought them, as his last appeal, that they would remember their responsibilities and be prepared to meet them at the day of final account. He wished to bear his dying testimony to the value of the gospel, and to commend it to the young and the old, with his last breath.
As soon as the services were over and he descended from the pulpit, he took a seat in front of it, and the people thronged around him, sorrowing most of all for the words that he spake no more. The scene was deeply affecting, and will be remembered long by all who were present.—N. Y. Observer.
OUTRAGE ON BRITISH MISSIONARIES IN CHINA.
Recent advices from China speak of an outrage having been committed upon a party of English missionaries in the neighborhood of Shanghai. The particulars of the affair are given in the 'Friend of China,' of March 22d, from which we make the following abridged statements:
On the 8th of March, a party of missionaries, consisting of Messrs. Medhurst, Lockhart and Muirhead, went on an excursion to Tsing-poo, for the purpose of distributing tracts. On their arrival at the city, they proceeded, as their custom was, to distribute tracts, among those persons who appear able to read. While thus engaged, a number of Shang-tung men, who navigate the grain junks, then lying off Tsing-poo, came behind the missionaries, pushing and striving to get a larger number of books than would come to their share, and also throwing stones.
By an inadvertence on the part of Mr. Lockhart, one of the grain-junk men received a slight blow on the face, which so irritated the grain-junk men, that they commenced throwing stones, and threatened further mischief. An appeal made by Mr. Medhurst to the mob, produced quiet for a short time.
After passing through several streets in quietness, the missionaries left the city, but had not proceeded far, before they were overtaken by the mob, armed with poles, iron bars, swords and other weapons! Among the rest was one with a heavy iron chain, apparently the ringleader, who had stripped off his upper garments, in order to enable him to act the more freely, and who was brandishing his chain ready to beat the objects of his fury. The missionaries then began to talk quietly with the men, and asked them what they wanted, when, without further parley, each of them was attacked in the most furious manner by the men just referred to. Finding it impossible to make head against such numbers, thus armed, Messrs. Medhurst and Muirhead, being free from their grasp, ran for their lives. Mr. Lockhart, however, was soon found not to be with them, and the two above named returned to rescue their companion, when they found that the mob had thrown down Mr. L., and were beating him with the heavy chain alluded to above. Happily, he was enabled to get up again, when he joined his companions; then they all ran as fast as they could, with the mob after them. The chase was continued for more than a mile in the direction of the boat, which had been left five miles from the city, that the boatmen might have rest while the missionaries went to the city and returned. Being unable to run any further, the three gentlemen were overtaken by their pursuers, who now came on with redoubled fury, and in increasing numbers, cutting off all chance of retreat, and surrounding the victims of their attack. There another attempt was made to reason, but in vain; the pursuers approached nearer and nearer, with long poles, heavy hoes having teeth like rakes, and murderous weapons in abundance. Whilst warding off the blows from these
appeared, invited the missionaries into the visitor's apartment, and, after asking them to sit down, inquired into the affair. Being informed of the whole circumstances, from beginning to end, he promised that the stolen articles should be returned, and that the men who committed the outrage should be punished. Having then provided chairs and boats to convey the missionaries back to their own boat, he despatched two military and two civil officers to escort and protect them from further harm. In this way they reached their own boat, and finally their own homes in safety, thankful for the preservation of their lives, but smarting severely under the wounds which they had received.
The British Consul, Mr. Alcock, has taken up the matter officially, and by the next arrival from the coast we shall learn with what probability of success. A notification advises British subjects for the present to abstain from lengthened excursions into the country.
SAMSON'S DEATH.
The time at last came when the daughters of the Philistines did rejoice, and the daughters of the uncircumcised triumphed. Both with his first and second wife Samson showed himself peculiarly alive to the force of female importunities, and apt to give way before the exhibition of female distress. In the former attempt to extort a secret from him, it is said that his wife lay sore upon him; in the present attempt that his soul was vexed unto death. It looks a marvellous infatuation, the effect of melancholy weakness, that he should have been thus got the better of in the face of the former palpable designs to give him up unto the Philistines, evincing the blindness of passion, and holding forth a most impressive lesson to beware of it. The secret came out at last. God had charged his mother before that he was born that no razor should come upon his head, making this the condition, whether of the strength which he had naturally, or of the extraordinary visitations and gifts which he received of supernatural strength when the Spirit of God came upon him. He gave up his conscience and his vow to a perfidious woman, who, on his locks being shorn off, began to afflict him, a process which I cannot distinctly understand. At all events his strength did depart from him, and he, when he awoke out of his sleep, was unconscious thereof; but the Philistines, in obedience to the call of his treacherous and cruel wife, were upon him, and the Philistines prevailed. And merciless was the advantage they took of their success; putting out his eyes, and binding him with fetters, and forcing him to grind in a prison house. I know not if there be any natural connection between the growth of the hair and the recovery of strength. Samson may have repented of his infidelity, and the temporal chastisement of his loss of strength been withdrawn. And this strength was made the instrument at the last of a great and signal manifestation, a triumph over idolatry, a vindication of the supremacy of the one only and true God, and, finally, a most picturesque and characteristic termination to the career of a great hero. One recoils from the barbarity of the Philistines in bringing in blind old Samson to make sport of him; and, proportionally to this, one feels a certain wild and natural satisfaction in the avenging ruin which he brought upon his enemies, even though himself involved in the common destruction that fell upon all, both men and women, who were enjoying the savage spectacle. Thus fell one of the most noted of the historical personages whom Scripture, so full of them, has transmitted downward to future ages.—Chalmers' Daily Scripture Readings.
ALL IS WRONG IF THE HEART IS WRONG.
In vain will you endeavor to fix any one on the regular performance of that in which he finds no pleasure. As a child who does not love his book will leave it for his play; as a man who does not like his calling would gladly exchange it for another; so he who does not serve the Lord with gladness, will soon throw off the galling yoke. Though the heart be deceitful, yet man is true to his heart. He may oppose his reason, he may act in opposition to the dictates of his conscience, he may triumph over particular passions, he may destroy all the harmony of his moral constitution, yet he will vigorously pursue whatever affords him the greatest delight. You may succeed in convincing his understanding of the rectitude of a certain line of conduct, you may impress his moral sense in favor of it, you may even make the soul tremble with fearful apprehensions at the thought of pursuing a contrary course, but until the heart be in some measure gained, nothing is effectually accomplished. 'My son, give me thine heart:' this is the demand of God, this the voice of religion; and until the heart be surrendered it will en-
he had previously been, and where he had lost his character, hearing that he was preaching at Battle, and likely to settle there, felt it his duty to warn the church, and not having been able to secure time in the course of the week to write, devoted the Lord's day evening to that duty—the very Lord's day evening on which the sermon was preached. The letter was commenced about seven o'clock, probably about the same time as the sermon, and both were proceeding together. Great was the surprise of the deacons at the receipt of the letter. The charges could not be denied, and the preacher left. London Bap. Mag.
THE SLAVERY PROVISOS.
A late development in the Senate of the United States has not awakened that attention in the country which its prospective importance demands. The public mind for the last three or four weeks has been so much occupied with political nominations, that no thought has been taken of Congressional proceedings. But a new step has been taken by Southern men in the Senate, that is full of evil portent.
On the 1st of June, the Oregon bill came up. The bill provides that the existing laws established by the people of Oregon, shall continue to exist, subject to the revision of their territorial legislature. One of these existing laws provides that neither slavery nor involuntary servitude shall exist.
This provision is in the spirit of the principle held by the opponents of the Wilmot Proviso, who profess to be willing that the whole subject shall be left to the people of the respective territories. This is the principle avowed by Gen. Cass, the Democratic candidate for the Presidency, in the following declaration, made in his letter of December 24, 1847, defining the extent of rightful interference of Congress over territory. He says:
'It should be limited to the creation of proper government for new countries, acquired or settled, and to the necessary provision for their admission into the Union, leaving, in the mean time, to the people inhabiting them, to regulate their internal concerns in their own way.'
This is the ground on which it was supposed that all who are opposed to the Wilmot Proviso might stand, and this was considered as a vast concession to the Southern interests of the country.
But a new issue is made. Mr. Calhoun takes higher, or rather lower, pre-slavery ground, and insists upon the adoption of a clause which restricts the territorial legislature from making any law for the exclusion of slavery. He demands that the Senate shall decide first, that Congress has no power to extend the ordinance of 1787 to Oregon; and secondly, that the territory has no right to exclude slavery.
The three several provisos in reference to territory to be settled or acquired, are therefore as follows:
1. The Wilmot condition, that Congress do enact that slavery shall not be tolerated in any such territory; 2. The Cass platform, that it shall be left to the people of the territory to determine the question for themselves; 3. The Calhoun doctrine, that the territorial legislature shall not be permitted to prevent slavery; after it becomes a State, it may do as it pleases.
The bearings of this question are now intensely interesting, and momentous in their consequences. The Wilmot Proviso is popular in the free States, and out of the regular party lines. The Cass plan is the prevailing view of the Democratic party in the free States. The Calhoun doctrine is designed as a rallying ground of the South against the North, to break up the party organizations and concentrate a Southern party to uphold slavery. What Gen. Taylor's views are, we are not to know. He is a slaveholder; and is also pledged to make a strong effort to preserve the Union. It is confidently expected that he will not interfere with the action of Congress on the subject. The President of the South, instead of relaxing its demands, has taken a position more untenable than it has ever maintained on the subject of slavery; and it becomes the people of the United States to look it and its consequences boldly in the face. In the 19th century, when the Old World is bursting its chains, and the whole earth is in a jubilee of liberty, it is proposed by Mr. Calhoun, in the Senate of the Model Republic, to make an enactment by which the people of a free territory shall be restrained from securing equal rights to all its inhabitants! The proposition is hostile to the principles of our Declaration of Independence; it is repugnant to the free sentiments of the people of the United States; it is opposed to the spirit of the age in which we live. Such a provision as Mr. Calhoun now demands, would set back the

wheels of time a century; and we shall be sorry to see the day when the people of these States in Congress assembled, shall consent to take one step backwards in the march of free institutions. Certain we are, that when Congress shall ordain that the people of a territory may not preserve their soil from the foot print of the slave, the spirit of revolution, now reviving among the rotten thrones of Europe, will revisit the land of its birth.—N. Y. Observer.
REFLECTOR & WATCHMAN.
THURSDAY, JULY 6, 1848.
REFORMING POWER OF THE GOSPEL.
In looking over the late Report of a Home Missionary Society, our attention was attracted to the following statement of the effects of evangelical preaching:
'In consequence of a powerful religious awakening in Tuscarora, Ala., which spread its blessed influence amongst all classes, the citizens of that town, by a large majority, adopted the form of a charter, and submitted it to the Legislature, with a petition for it to become a law, the terms of which forbid the retail of any kind of intoxicating drinks, under a penalty of one thousand dollars. The Legislature has sanctioned it, and the Corporation embraces an area of two and a half miles square. The dram-shop, and the gambling-house keepers are now selling out and preparing to depart, vexed at the change, and leaving no kind wish behind them. This town was said to have been notorious for every species of dissipation prior to this outpouring of God's spirit upon its inhabitants. Our inference from this fact is, that if we wish to purify the morals of a community, we must send them the gospel. It is a magnet, which, if it does not succeed in attracting men to heaven, at least, elevates them to the high places of the earth.'
Yes! The influence is just. Such a fact contains a volume of argument. Is it not clear to all, that, whether the friends of Home Missions be regarded in the light of patriots, philanthropists, reformers, educators, or enlightened Christians, that they seek to attain the most benign and grand results by the most simple and least costly means? Is it not clear that the gospel which acts directly on the heart of the individual, achieves a hundred fold more of social good than those reforming schemes of men, which aim, like Fourierism, to produce at once, organic changes in the social order of a community?
For, in a rising town, or village of a new country, where society is in a plastic state, and the elements of its future character are in a process of gathering, where the very foundations of morality and peace are threatened by noxious errors, by increasing ignorance, by unrestrained passions, by seductive vices, by barbarous rudeness, by all forms of intemperance, how can you effectually bring to bear a resisting and renovating power, except by raising the standard of the gospel? Everything else is mocked at for its weakness; nothing else can rouse the conscience, subdue the heart, and lay a rocky basis of character.
In such a place, where the elements of evil have gotten the start of you, where, in the marts of trade, and in social gatherings, in the privacy of the family, and in the open street, every thing betokens laxity of principle and dissoluteness of manners, just plant a little church with an enlightened ministry, and ere long the spirit of reformation and improvement will be seen to branch itself out in every direction. A Christian ministry armed with the gospel of the New Testament, will give an impulse to every good work. It quickens the public conscience, and rouses the public spirit, and rallies around it all the true conservative principles of society. It sends out its appeals in behalf of education, of temperance, of industry, of domestic order, of self-culture, and the whole sisterhood of virtues. First of all, in such a place, the neglected school-house is repaired; or, if none have existed, the rulers for that important little structure are soon heeded and joined together: a teacher is procured, and the vagrant youth are instructed. Next, they are won away from their practices of Sabbath desecration, and gathering around the friends of the Sunday school, receive the 'first principles' of Christianity into their expanding minds. Ere long the books and tracts, borne home by the children, are read by the parents, by the young men and women of the family, and thus prepare the preacher's way for an influence more direct and effective. Soon too, the cause of Temperance is pleaded; its truths spread like leaven,
the South to emigrate, in order to keep the slaves more contented, comes, as to moral character, under the same category.
The second ground to which we referred, has been taken by some persons at the North, and by some who have publicly advocated the interests of African colonization. It is this: 'The utter impossibility of the colored race in the free States rising to the enjoyment of those rights and privileges which belong to them as men and citizens. It is not to be expected,' we are told, 'that they will ever attain to such a condition on this continent, and in order to reach it, there is an absolute necessity of their return to the land whence they originally came.' This plea has not the character of wickedness and folly which belongs to the first, but it is decidedly anti-Christian. That prevalence of our blessed religion which the Bible foretells, will remove the moral obstacles which now thwart the elevation of men pertaining to any class or caste, or color, or country. In any land where it shall have full scope it will bring up all races of people to the highest state of improvement of which they are capable. To deny the power of Christianity to do this, only shows the want of a clear perception of its aims, or a true sympathy with its spirit, and a simple faith in its promises.
But whatever views or motives may have influenced different parties in rearing colonies on the coast of Africa, it will be seen in the end that God who favors the humblest work of true benevolence, and also 'taketh the wise in their own craftiness,' has been all the while guiding or overruling the plans of men in subordination to one glorious object; namely, the elevation of the colored race both in Africa and America. The views of men may have been dim, narrow, selfish, erroneous, or devilish, but in spite of all, He is answering the prayers of those who have cried, 'May Ethiopia stretch out her hands unto God!' He is conducting all that has transpired to a happy issue, and it becomes every Christian to see His hand and to co-operate with His designs. The great end to which all is tending, is the NATIONALIZATION of the colored race; the very thing which is most 'devoutly to be wished,' in order to the establishment of their rights universally, and to their permanent elevation in the scale of improvement.
The antipathy which the white or Caucasian nations have long cherished against the recognition of colored men in Africa, in the capacity of a nation, is remarkable; and the proof of it which history furnishes is a striking illustration of the depravity of mankind. The corrupted Christianity of the Roman Empire did nothing to destroy this prejudice. A sentence of Gibbon, the historian, is full of meaning on this point. It occurs in his 43d chapter, where he says of the Emperor Justinian, 'he had been reproached for his alliance with the Ethiopians, as if he attempted to introduce a people of savage negroes into the system of civilized society.' Such was the national pride of the Romans at that time; yet during the more than thousand years which have elapsed since then, how little has the nominal religion of Christendom done to cope with this Pagan sentiment! But thanks to God, 'the face of the sky' is brightening. It has remained for our own age, so prolific in changes, to witness the rise of a free colored nation on the coast of Africa. The Republic of Liberia has become an independent government, and has commenced successfully to form commercial treaties with the leading powers of the world. This is a great event. It is a bright era in African history. Would that every son and daughter of Africa throughout the earth could read the portent of this cheering sign, and amidst their night of sorrows hail with joy this star of hope flinging its rays of promise over the prospects of their fatherland!
The Republic of Liberia is destined to live and flourish, to become a mighty nation, to send forth its ships over every sea, its ambassadors to every important capital, and radiate the light of Christian civilization over the wastes of African Paganism. Its prosperity will exert a benign influence on the elevation of the colored race every where. To aid its progress in any way is to work for the future as well as for the present. The missionaries who have gone thither from this country have lavished health and life upon what many have deemed a thankless service, but their labor has not been lost. They went 'forth weeping, bearing precious seed,' and a better world will doubtless witness them, 'bringing their sheaves with them.'
EDITORIAL CORRESPONDENCE FROM MAINE.
AGED BAPTIST MINISTERS.
It must be evident, from the foregoing, that the first Baptist ministers in Maine must have been men of eminent devotion, gifts and efficiency. Such is the fact which several yet remain to attest. Fathers Case, Kendall, Chisholm, Pillsbury, and others, still survive. The four above named evinced their lively interest in these anniversaries by their presence, their remarks, and their blessings on their younger brethren. Like the children of Issachar, they had 'knowledge of the times' in which they began their ministry, and wisely adapted it to them. They have knowledge, too, of the progress that has marked the present times, and to these they would promote an equally effective adaptation. Such men from our heart we honor.
Father Case went from Rehoboth, Ms., in 1783, and was Moderator of the Bowdoinham Association, at its first meeting. From three small churches, he has lived to see the denomination extending to almost 300 churches and over 20,000 members. We were shown at Damariscoitta the private house where Father C. first preached in that place, scattering there the seed of truth, which, mingled with that of other sowers, has sprung up in a cluster of large and important churches. Few ministers in modern times have witnessed so large a blessing attending their labors; and few have subjected themselves to greater hardships in conveying the gospel to the destitute. A similar record might be made of other pioneers in the ministry of reconciliation, in Maine, and in many other States of our country.
MAINE AS A FIELD OF LABOR.
The editor of the Christian Review, himself for several years a pastor in Maine, well says, that it opens to an enterprising, faithful and intelligent ministry, a wide and inviting field. It has many able churches, where a highly educated ministry is esteemed and desired. Many members of the churches are clear thinkers and skilful theologians. Though not educated in schools, they have applied their thoughts in solitude to religious topics, and they have carefully studied the Word of God. The result is, that they are not only sound in faith, but they know how to enunciate their creed with distinctness, and to defend it against the opposition of error. Even in the newest portions, where the forests are rapidly yielding to the woodman's axe, and the mighty woods are giving place to the habitations of civilized man, the religion and the culture carried from the older regions render the work of the spiritual husbandman comparatively easy. In them, also, is a people prepared for the Lord. As confirmation of this, and as an encouragement to Baptist cultivation, it is variously testified that in destitute portions of the State, Baptist preaching and labor are more welcome than any other.
SEA-BOARD—COMMERCE—WAR.
The commercial resources of Maine are surpassed by but one or two States of the Union. Lumber, agriculture, manufactures, fishing and even ice, bring to those who are operators in them, quick and golden returns. The State is watered with numerous ponds, lakes and rivers. Its line of sea-board is extensive, and at the interval of but a few miles along its whole extent, are good harbors. At Damariscotta and other points, ship-building is a heavy and lucrative business. On our return, we made a short pause at Wiscasset, a town of no more importance now, as we were assured, than at the beginning of the last war with England. That war came when the town was rising, and left on it the blight of stagnation and decay. The same cause, we were told, ruined most who at the time were engaged to any extent in commerce. An intelligent sea captain who rode at our side, pointed out in W. the very spot where, in 1800, he stood, when a wealthy citizen of the place said to him, 'See here, H——, I own all this block from the wharf up to ——, and all the shipping that you see there. Be encouraged, as you are a young man, by seeing what industry can accumulate.' That same man, Capt. H. assured us, the war ruined, and he is now living on the charity of his friends. The same is true of thousands in every war; and without attaching blame to one party more than another for the second war with England, or saying it was not as needful as are wars generally, such were the consequences which, in the vindication of 'free trade and sailors' rights,' it visited on our commerce, and such are among the secondary consequences which war ever brings in its train. It is verily that scourge of the earth, in its fruits, and the spirit which it ever engenders, which all true Christians should fervently
or hindrance, do whatsoever seemeth good in his own eyes. This, if we mistake not, is precisely the process through which the worst forms of communism or socialism conduct their friends to their conclusions.
We do not assume that such a result is to follow immediately with such opponents of the Sabbath as we are describing. Some few barriers, interposed by public sentiment and by society, must be scaled before such a result can be reached. But its incipiency is plainly manifest. A blow at one part of the Decalogue is as truly a blow at the whole, as the removal of a main pillar from a building aims at demolishing the entire structure. We do assume that the result which we have indicated, however near or remote, is legitimate, from the premises taken by those who attack the Sabbath. And we have no guarantee in man, certainly, that, according to the scale of reasoning which they adopt, the result of indiscriminate concubinage and licentiousness, with all other vice consequent or attendant thereto, may not sooner or later sweep its wave of desolation over the earth.
It cannot, therefore, be necessary for us to give any further specimen from the 'Proceedings of the Anti-Sabbath Convention.'
ORDINATION AT NORTH RANDOLPH.
A council of Christian brethren, ministers and laymen, having been convened at this place on the 22d ult., by request of the Baptist church, after the usual examination, proceeded to the ordination, as pastor, of Bro. R. W. E. Brown, recently a member of the Free Street Baptist church, in Portland, and for several years a licentiate.
The public services, to which a large audience gave fixed attention for three hours, were as follows: 1. Voluntary by the choir; 2. Reading the Scriptures and Introductory Prayer, by Bro. W. F. Sturtevant; 3. Hymn; 4. Sermon, by Bro. N. Colver; 5. Hand of Fellowship, by Bro. A. Haynes; 6. Charge, by Bro. E. Nelson; 7. Address to the church and society, by Bro. J. W. Parkhurst; 8. Voluntary by the Choir; 9. Benediction by the pastor.
The sermon by Bro. C., was from 2 Cor. 4: 5: 'For we preach not ourselves, but Christ Jesus the Lord and ourselves your servants for Jesus' sake.' It was a happy presentation of the work of the Christian pastor, and of the motives by which he should be moved to its performance. Such was the adaptation of the services generally, that we could but indulge the thought that their influence on all concerned, must be salutary.
The singing was in good taste, not in keeping with the orchestra of a theatre, as was too much the case in many of our congregations a few years ago, but with the solemn ordination of a Christian minister. Bro. B. has an extensive field open before him. It will task all his energies. We hope God will sustain him, and give him an abundant harvest.—Com.
CHARTISM AND REFORM IN ENGLAND.
The rocking of Chartism and Reform in England, is not yet quieted. The conclusion of our English letter received by the Cambrian, communicates the following:
'You will learn by the papers I forward you, that Chartism and general Reform are engrossing the public mind at present to a greater extent than ever. Last Monday the Chartists were to have holden meetings in London, but they were strictly forbidden to meet. Large placards posted everywhere throughout the city stated that as these large assemblies struck with terror and alarm the peaceable subjects of Her Majesty they were forbidden. I guess, as my friends across the water would say, that none were more alarmed than the Queen and the Ministry. The Queen, as on a former occasion, was hurried off to Osborne house, Isle of Wight. Sand bags were placed upon the bank and every preparation made for a revolution, but it appeared that all the preparation was on the part of the Government. No one else seemed to anticipate danger. How true it is that the wicked travail in pain all their days, that the number of his years is hidden from the oppressor. A dreadful sound is in his ears, [even] in his prosperity the destroyer shall come upon him.'
'Hume's great reform movement is making rapid advances in quarters which seem to ensure its success. A gentleman has just been to obtain my signature for a petition to Parliament for a large extension of the franchise, vote by ballot, electoral districts, and sessions not exceeding three years. Of course I signed it, because it is sufficiently guarded to
league has called a 'monstrosity, destructive of the Constitution of the United States.'
The following extracts from this speech are worth the space they occupy. Mr. Davis, speaking of the territory acquired, said:
The territory to be ceded, according to the map which is before us, and is our geographical and statistical guide, contains 576,000 square miles, and is equal to seventy-two such states as Massachusetts. The population is placed in the same tables at about 100,000, but in this chamber it has generally been estimated at 150,000, or sufficient for two States. There is the material, then, for two States, (if the people are suitably distributed,) very large in dimensions, but not differing much in size from Texas, if she should be carried to the Rio Bravo. Shall we bind ourselves to let them into the Union as soon as possible, that is, immediately, if they have the qualification which has hitherto been exacted? That is the question which we are to decide. We are to add at once four Senators to this branch. Now, sir, before making such an advance, in what some are pleased to call our destiny, I would stop to inquire what this population is? Who they are, that are about to be made citizens, and to be invested with a power and share of political authority here equal to that of New York or any other State. I desire no new territory by conquest—no new States except such as are made within our acknowledged limits; but, if we must have them, if they are forced upon us by a combination of circumstances which we cannot resist, let us at least understand what we promise when we engage to admit them to the Union as soon as possible. Should we think it safe or expedient to admit the Sandwich or the Society Islanders as members of the confederacy? Would China or Japan be likely to harmonize with us? Would you go into Africa to improve the condition of the race by annexation? No; gentlemen will draw back from such propositions as extravagant, if not preposterous; but how much better is the population upon this territory which we are grasping by conquest! There is scarcely a sprinkling of Spanish blood in it; what there is, is for the most part mixed with Indian, and the residue of this mass is admitted to be aboriginal. Some are Indians partially civilized, who live in villages, and subsist by agriculture; others are barbarians, roaming over the country, and living by the chase and by plunder. Who of these are citizens of Mexico? Who is and who is not enumerated as such among the population of Mexico? No one knows; the government, whose duty it is, gives us no information; the Consulate on Foreign Relations possess no reliable intelligence. But here is a mass made up of such materials as we all see. Is any of it capable of organizing and conducting a State Government with discretion, or of performing in a respectable manner the duties of members of this Union? Scarcely a man of them can speak our language; and whilst they differ from us in everything which relates to the social, moral, and political condition, they are far from being homogeneous among themselves. They are tribes widely scattered, and no doubt speaking different languages, and are nearly as great strangers to each other as they are to us. This is the material for two States to be admitted as soon as possible into the Union. * * * It is, however, my purpose to support this treaty, but I earnestly hope the preamble will be so amended as to blot out the solemn falsehoods which are impudently told upon its face. Why do I adopt this course? The treaty is certainly made without authority, and the author of it has treated those who appointed him with fierce scorn and contempt. He has heaped insult upon insult, and loaded the President and his secretary with degrading charges and insinuations. But if those who are thus contemned and defied are willing to take a paper from the hand of the insolent agent of their own appointment and give to it the solemn form of a compact between nations, surely we need have no insuperable scruples after it is thus adopted and ratified as a treaty by the President. No one will deny to the President and the Senate the power to make a treaty without negotiators. That was substantially done on the settlement of the Oregon question. This paper is no treaty, nor could it be one if it came from negotiators fully authorized to make it, until we have ratified it.
In the following extract Mr. Davis gives his reasons for voting for the treaty; time will show whether the course of policy pursued was the wisest, safest, best: The people are weary of this war, and demand peace, and I am not willing that a mere matter of form should frustrate it. There is a great majority who would take it on any terms that do not imply absolute disgrace. The public mind is by no means indifferent to the calamities which are inseparable from war. It brings with it carnage and desolation. There can be no splendid victory, no gallant and daring achievement, without sacrifices which afflict the living with unutterable sorrows. What compensation, what equivalent is there in war for the broken-hearted widow or the helpless orphan, deprived of its natural protector, and thrown upon the charity of a cold heartless world, that can shut hosannas for a victory and bury with pomp the chivalric dead, but has no tear of sympathy for the bereaved and desolate living? But, sir, if a successful war, carried on at a great distance from us, clothes in
conditions; but equality is still further removed than in the first. The political, blending the two, is the only state adapted to the wants, the progress, and the development of the powers of man. His social state cannot exist without sovereignty; hence the necessity of government. In his state of nature, man cannot exist at all; yet it is strange that the state in which man never did exist and never can exist, should be called the natural state; while the only state in which he can exist, should be called the artificial. This is the great misnomer. This only natural state is that in which he best exists with this false doctrine—that all men are born equal. Then comes up the idea in the mind, that these natural rights are the highest rights; that the rights of individual are higher than those of society, and then society rests upon a false basis until those imaginary individual rights are restored. This is all false. Political rights are the highest of all rights of the individual—but supplemental to the rights of the community. No man is entitled to any natural rights at the expense of the community. We may make some important deduction from this. The rights of the individual are ceded to, or taken by the government, according to necessity; but government has no right to subtract more from the individual, than is necessary for the general organization; hence the great distinction in governments, of which the people are ignorant; and in a wild state, it is necessary that government should have an immense power to prevent the evils of anarchy. As we ascend in the scale of intelligence, we come, at length, to that point where every man possesses the knowledge, and the readiness to act under mutual concessions; and as we approach it, we find that government relaxes more and more in the liberties of the individual, and less and less exercises the supreme power of its original condition. Instead, therefore, of all men being created equal, or all men being equally free, there is of necessity the greatest disparity. What then becomes of the error that all men are created equal, or that they are born free and equal? It vanishes. Yet to this error we may trace every struggle against government for individual rights, however just, or however fallacious. This error is the very organ of abolitionism and its dangerous offspring. It is this error which threatens to give to the revolution, which it has excited in Europe, a tendency to anarchy and all its confusion. This error of equality is all powerful to pull down, but impotent to build up. It can destroy fast enough, but it cannot reproduce. It is an error under which, unless detected and discarded, all Europe, and all Christendom may fall into hopeless anarchy, as the first result to be feared in military despotism.
Mr. C. sat down, and the spectators, with a number of approbations, retired. I have endeavored to give this topic the prominence I believe it should command in the minds of your readers. I believe the time is near when this important question will be settled, and I hope and believe that no son of Massachusetts will fail of the just expectation all entertain—New England expects every man to do his duty.' G. W.
THE MODEL OF JERUSALEM.
Boston, June 29, 1848.
MR. N. SOUTHARD,—Dear Sir,—Sometime since I visited the 'Model of Ancient Jerusalem' now in exhibition under your direction. I went without opinion respecting it, as a work of art or a means of moral and religious influence. But the most favorable impression, in both respects, was produced on my mind. As a work of art, it displays patient industry, great skill, and accurate taste. I remember it, however, with the deepest pleasure, for the effect which it produced on my religious feelings. It clothed the events and scenes recorded in the life of Christ, with a reality and a power to interest and subdue my soul, which they never possessed before. It served as a most impressive commentary on many passages in the Prophets and in the Evangelists, which were before invested with but little interest. Convinced of its value as a help in studying the Bible, I gave a general description of it to the Sabbath school connected with the church under my charge, and invited especially, the teachers and older pupils, most capable of appreciating its value, to visit it, proposing to accompany them. A time was fixed, and we went. Its influence on them was much the same as that produced on my own mind. I saw some of them weeping freely, while the explanation by yourself, was progressing. And I find it much more easy now, to illustrate many passages of Scripture before them, than formerly. I regard it as an advantage that myself, and so many of my congregation have been permitted to examine the Model, and sincerely hope multitudes of others may avail themselves of the privilege. I am, dear sir, yours, &c., GEO. W. BOSWORTH, Pastor of South Bap. church, Boston.
KNOWN BY THEIR FRUITS.—'I called upon a pious physician,' writes an Alabama colporteur, 'and while they were examining my books, a notorious Universalist came in, and began his abuse of the gospel and of Christians. I tried to reason with him, but nothing except a refusal to remain in his society stopped his profaneness and vituperation. A religious meeting was about to be held in the neighborhood, and he expressed the wish that every preacher coming to it might be struck with lightning! His bitter opposition to Christianity, it is alleged, has been the exciting cause of sending his daughter to the Insane Hospital.'
THE GENERAL CONGREGATIONAL ASSOCIATION of Massachusetts, held its sessions at Rev. Mr. Langworthy's church, in Chelsea, last week. Narratives of the state of religion were presented from about 400 churches, and discourses were delivered by Rev. Mr. Smalley, of Worcester, Rev. Mr. Payne, of Holden, and Rev. Dr. Cleaveland, from Providence.
THE DEDICATION OF THE AMHERST COLLEGE OBSERVATORY took place on the 28th ult., in the College chapel. Prayer was offered by Dr. Wheeler, President of Vermont University. President Hitchcock then delivered an address, comprising a detail of the more recent benefactions to the College, which was followed by an oration, by Hon. Wm. B. Calhoun.
COMMENCEMENTS.—The annual Commencements occur as follows: At Union College, Schenectady, and Hamilton College, Clinton, N. Y., July 25. At Amherst and Dartmouth, July 27. At Burlington, Vt., August 2. At Waterville, Me., August 9. At Williamstown, Ms., and Middlebury, Vt., August 16. At New Haven, August 17. At Harvard University, Cambridge, August 23. At Bowdoin College, Brunswick, Me., and Brown University, Providence, Sept. 6.
MASACRE OF THREE MISSIONARIES.—The Sydney papers of the 31st January, announce the murder of three English missionaries at the island of St. Christopher, by the natives, in the month of September last, and the bodies were afterwards cut up and devoured by the savages. The English attentions on them contrived to effect their escape.
REV. JOHN HEALEY, who had been pastor of the Second Baptist church, Baltimore, for upwards of fifty years, died on the 19th of June. Mr. H. was born in England, in 1764. We have been furnished with a brief sketch of this venerable minister of Christ, which will be given in our next.
CHURCH OF ENGLAND.—A London correspondent of the National Intelligencer says:—'The established church is undergoing the ordeal of very searching and astounding statistics. The income of the clergy of the establishment is said to be £10,000,000 per annum; while that of the clergy of all Europe, independent of Great Britain, is only about £7,000,000. The arguments based upon and deduced from such statements, are not favorable to the recipients of this immense sum.'
HUTCHINGS' GRAND CLASSICAL PANORAMA of the Sea and Shores of the Mediterranean.—This Panorama is composed of four divisions, embracing among the vast number of places, scenes and objects of note upon the canvas, views of Gibraltar, Malaga, National Sports of the Spanish Amphitheatre, Almeria, Cartagena, Mahon, Palma, Valencia, Barcelona, Marseille, Toulon, Nice, Genoa, 'La Superba,' Elba, Naples; Grand Review of the Troops of the King of Naples; Vesuvius during an Eruption; Steamers, Men of War, Merchantmen, Vessels and Craft of every class and all nations, upon the great sea of the Mediterranean, nearly 2,000 miles in extent. This Panorama can be seen at the Masonic Temple, in Tremont street; it commences moving at 8 o'clock every evening, and on Wednesday and Saturday afternoons, at 3 o'clock. A view of the scenes here presented, cannot fail of pleasing the eye and imparting much useful information to the mind.
HOME LIBRARY OF ENTERTAINING BOOKS.—Mrs. Adams' Letters.—Wilkins, Carter & Co. have commenced issuing a class of books, of which the above is a descriptive designation. Of these we have received Self-Control, and Mrs. Adams' Letters, embraced in one volume, and including the Letters addressed by John Quincy Adams to his son on the

the spirit, and called around it all the true conservative principles of society. It sends out its appeals in behalf of education, of temperance, of industry, of domestic order, of self-control, and the whole sisterhood of virtues. First of all, in such a place, the neglected school-house is repaired; or, if none have existed, the rulers for that important little structure are soon hewn and joined together; a teacher is procured, and the vagrant youth are instructed. Next, they are won away from their practices of Sabbath desecration, and gathering around the friends of the Sunday school, receive the 'first principles' of Christianity into their expanding minds. Ere long the books and tracts, borne home by the children, are read by the parents, by the young men and women of the family, and thus prepare the preacher's way for an influence more direct and effective. Soon too, the cause of Temperance is pleaded; its truths spread like leaven, public pledges are obtained, and a little army is organized to resist the ravages of this remorseless foe. Thus the mountains are brought down, and the valleys exalted, before the coming of the Messiah, and in due time a revival of true religion is seen, purifying the springs of moral life and health, drawing prayer and praise from tongues that had been used to the most profane ribaldry, and converting the house where savage passions ruled, into the home of piety and peace.
Faint and imperfect as is this sketch of a social reformation produced by Christianity, it exhibits the renovating power of the gospel, as displayed by facts , and also the true way to bless and save our country. It directs our attention to that good seed of the word, of which our Saviour spoke, when he said, 'Behold a sower went forth to sow;' and though some seeds of truth are borne away by the winged vanities of life, and others are choked by thorny cares, and others that spring up being scorched by the heat of persecution, die for want of root, yet others rise into a harvest of thirty, sixty, or a hundred fold, to reward the faithful laborer. The work of Home Missions, the enterprise of Christianizing our own country, claims the sympathy and aid of every reader in a sphere of service which takes in a large part of that world-wide field that the great commission embraces, and which, in its relation to the world as well as to ourselves, pleads in its own behalf with a voice as tender as it is earnest, as persuasive as it is commanding.
COLONIZATION IN AFRICA.
The following extract we take from a New York paper containing a report of the meeting of the New York Colonization Society: 'The next speaker was Dr. Bethune, who said that the enemies of colonization are now found among those who are seeking to destroy the Sabbath, to break down the Church, to trample upon the Constitution, and to do away with all government. The speaker rejoiced greatly in the establishment of the Republic of Liberia as an independent nation, and he thought it would outlive any one of the thrones of Europe. Never till now have Africans been organized in a free and well-administered government.'
Here are two short sentences, the first of which contains a very erroneous statement, while the second expresses a just and true sentiment. On both of these points we wish to add a few words of comment. It is often the case that a hurried report does injustice to a speaker. It is probably so in this instance; for it seems unlike Dr. Bethune to identify the enemies of colonization with the enemies of the Sabbath and the church. Many of this latter class are, indeed, opposed to the cause of colonization in Africa; but then we should remember that many of the best men in the world are opposed to the same cause as it has been managed and advocated in this country. The subject requires the exercise of a little discrimination.
There are two grounds on which the colonization of colored communities in Africa has been advocated by some persons, both of which are at variance with humanity, with Christianity, and with what posterity will regard as the prevailing sentiment of the nineteenth century. The one of these grounds was taken years ago by a party at the South; the other by a party at the North. The first may be thus stated in few words: that by the annual reduction of the numbers of colored people at the South, their increase will be kept within the bounds of safety; that on the one hand, the dangers arising from an overgrown slave-population will be lessened, and on the other hand, the value of those who remain will be enhanced. That some Southern men have advocated colonization with these views, is a matter of history, and proof.
It is difficult to say, however, whether this reasoning bear upon it the stamp of impress of wisdom or of absurdity. To show how the slave-system in America to strengthen itself, involves the guilt of piracy as much as does the African slave trade; and on this trade that stigma has been justly fixed by the language of United States law. But then the folly of such a project must be manifest to any one who has considered the statistics of the slave-population, or looked for a moment at their ratio of increase. A man might as well attempt to scoop up Massachusetts Bay with a tea-spoon, as to obtain money enough by voluntary contribution to transport slaves in sufficient numbers to make any sensible reduction of their increase on this continent. God has taken that matter into his own hands by the laws which he has established.
The plan of constraining the free colored people of
Florida, to become a missionary , to send forth its ships over every sea, its ambassadors to every important capital, and radiate the light of Christian civilization over the wastes of African Paganism. Its prosperity will exert a benign influence on the elevation of the colored race every where. To aid its progress in any way is to work for the future as well as for the present. The missionaries who have gone thither from this country have lavished health and life upon what many have deemed a thankless service, but their labor has not been lost. They went 'forth weeping, bearing precious seed,' and a better world will doubtless witness them, 'bringing their sheaves with them.'
EDITORIAL CORRESPONDENCE FROM MAINE.
ROTATION IN OFFICE.
In the election of the officers of the different State societies, during anniversary week, at Farmington, one feature struck us as worthy of regard and of imitation. This was the plan of rotation in office. There is not the course so common in some other States and organizations,—and it might be added so injurious in its influence,—of electing some one man or class of men to different eligible or onerous stations from year to year, and for a long duration. In choosing another to serve as president of one of the societies in room of him who was then occupying the chair, the reason was frankly assigned that he had already been elected president of another Society, and no one acquiesced in this more cheerfully than himself. This is as it should be. Another custom, it is true, has long and widely prevailed. But it is too anti-democratic an element among Baptists to be continued. If there be labors or honors in the kingdom of Christ, is it not well that all who are competent to sustain these, should share in them? We hope the time will be hastened when, while there will be the award of 'honors to whom honor' is due, official labors and distinctions in Zion shall be more distributed, and when the equality of the ministry shall be not less a practical than a nominal thing. A remedy for the existing evil may be found both in the modesty of those who hold offices and the wisdom of those who make them.
MR. VINTON'S APPEAL.
It may well be doubted whether a more devoted missionary ever returned from the field of his toils than Rev. Mr. Vinton, who is now adding to the strong appeals for the dying heathen with which American Baptists and Christians have, within the last few years, so often been plying. His manner is peculiar,—altogether sui generis , and hence possesses a power all its own. An accurate description of this may be found in the account of the Connecticut anniversaries on our first page. Mr. V. addressed a large congregation on the last day of the Maine anniversary, in a strain of faithfulness, pungency and pathos that we have rarely heard equalled. He directed a special appeal to the Baptists of Maine, which they will not soon forget. He called on them to send out to the heathen two of their 'tried men'—not those who might be 'useless at home'—not mere tyros, but men of approved devotion and efficiency. Maine, he said, had consecrated a gem to the missionary work, when she gave to it Boardman. But he feared that when Boardman was sent out, there was no consciousness of the fact that so precious an offering to the cause was being made. The time is coming, he urged, and must come, too, before the world are ever converted, when the church of Christ will be willing to pay her choicest gifts on the altar of God, with the clear and distinct knowledge that she is doing it. Clarke, too, whose recent death had made so lamented a breach in the missionary ranks, came from Maine. Mr. Vinton pointedly and feelingly put it to the churches and pastors in the State, whether they would not supply, from among their best men, these vacancies. Following this address and other remarks, a committee of correspondence was raised to hold, and by intercommunication and prayer, to specially entertain, the subject of the appeal. May they have grace to perform their labor wisely and faithfully.
BAPTISTS IN MAINE.
The early planting of the Baptist churches in Maine, furnishes clear proof of the signal efficacy with which the Divine blessing rests on humble yet devoted effort. It is less than a century since the First Baptist church that ever survived, was formed in that State. This was the church in Berwick, which was organized under the labors of Dr. Hezekiah Smith, at that time pastor of the church in Haverhill, Ms. Millet, in his history, informs us, that when established, it was 'composed of eight males and four females.' This was indeed a little one, but it was to the Baptists in the colonies as a 'star in the east.' Rev. William Hooper, who was the first Baptist minister ever ordained in Maine, became, at the time of his ordination, August 14, 1776, pastor of this church.
In 1787, the Bowdoinham Association, and the first among the Baptists of Maine, was formed. Three churches and their pastors comprised the representation of this body, which 'was abundantly accommodated in a private room.' But the mustard seed has become a tree large enough for the fowls of heaven to come and lodge in its branches. There are now in the State 13 associations and upwards of 21,000 members, being the most numerous evangelical denomination in the State, and showing what, in half a century, God hath wrought.
he stood, when a wealthy citizen of the place said to him, 'See here, H——, I own all this block from the wharf up to ——, and all the shipping that you see there. Be encouraged, as you are a young man, by seeing what industry can accumulate.' That same man, Capt. H. assured us, the war ruined, and he is now living on the charity of his friends. The same is true of thousands in every war; and without attaching blame to one party more than another for the second war with England, or saying it was not as needful as are wars generally, such were the consequences which, in the vindication of 'free trade and sailors' rights,' it visited on our commerce, and such are among the secondary consequences which war ever brings in its train. It is verily that scourge of the earth, in its fruits, and the spirit which it ever engenders, which all true Christians should fervently pray and labor may cease under the whole heaven. The light of the millennial day can never dawn upon a world stained with human blood. It is time that the whole theory of war be exploded forever.
PRESIDENT MAKING.
The Huntress, on her route from Bath to Portland, which is a fine sail along the coast, had on board a group of politicians, eagerly engaged in the work of president-making. A 'ratification meeting' was held the same evening, in Portland, on which, of course, great results were pending. The contrast between the zeal of worldly partisans and 'the children of light' is often painful. But how different their work. What a chasm lies between Mr. Vinton, in his ministry to the lost, and that of the ardent political canvasser.
ANTI-SABBATH CONVENTION.
The enemies of the Christian Sabbath, having held, some time ago, a convention in this city for abolishing this as a sacred day, have published in a voluminous shape its proceedings. One would suppose, from a sight of this publication, that it gave forth the expression of a numerous and imposing body of men, instead of being an echo of a knot of unbelievers fighting against God and the Bible, and led on in their work by one fiery, disappointed, infatuated spirit. Embraced in it, is the call for the Convention, the resolves that it passed, and a report of the speeches that were uttered during its sessions. Appended to all, and as somewhat of an antidote for its poison, are full extracts showing the treatment which the Convention received at the hand of the religious and other press. The book is intended to be a seed-sower of infidelity in its latest garb and malignity.
Our language may seem strong, but in casting our eye over the pages of the publication before us, we cannot truly describe it in the use of any other. It treats the friends of God and of his institutions as if they were so many inanimate fiends. It groups them by wholesale as hypocrites, knaves, lying impostors, and so sits in judgment, and condemns them all.
The book thus evinces the Decalogue. On page 5, it says:
'Believing that the efforts of this 'Sabbath Union' ought to be baffled by at least a corresponding energy on the part of the friends of civil and religious liberty; That the Sabbath, according to the Jewish Scriptures, was given to "the children of Israel,"—AND TO NO OTHER PEOPLE,—as a "sign" between them and God, and terminated with all the other Mosaic rituals belonging to the "ministration of death, written and engraven in stones," on the introduction of "THE MINISTRATION OF THE SPIRIT," and the substitution of "A BETTER COVENANT, which was established upon better promises," &c.
The 7th resolution passed runs thus: 'Resolved, That under the Christian dispensation, it is a Jewish characteristic to talk of sacred days, places, rites and ceremonies; for these, at their highest value, are only means to an end, to be used, modified, or repudiated, according to circumstances—and that end is, the benefit of man: hence, man is the only object that should be regarded as sacred on earth.'
Now, comparing these, the conclusion is inevitable that, as the Sabbath is an institution whose observance is commanded in the Decalogue equally with abstainence from theft, from bearing false witness, and from adultery, it requires but the calling of a convention with the friends of this movement, and each of these inhibitions can at once be swept away. To bear false witness, they already obviously regard as no sin. Of this, these published proceedings are a tissue of proofs. They have thus almost unconsiously, and in the way of demolishing a second, torn down one of the ten pillars of the Decalogue. In abolishing the Sabbath, they beat down another. Let the process go on, and since whatever institutions characteristic of the Jewish dispensation may be used, modified, or repudiated, according to circumstances,—the whole centering in 'the benefit of man,' we see not why, by the same course of reasoning, all the restraints that interpose between lust of every kind and its fullest gratification, may not also be abolished. This has been done more than once, on a fearful scale, and by precisely these steps. 'Man,' says the resolution quoted, 'is the only object that should be regarded as sacred on earth.' Hence, there can be nothing sacred in the injunctions of either the table of the commandments, or the Bible in general. Hence, it is only necessary for 'man,' the 'only sacred object on earth,' to conceive it needful, by whatever law,—of course, he is a final law unto himself,—and marriage, as being one of the 'rites and ceremonies' that have come down to us, would be abolished, and the 'only sacred' being might, without let
Quebec, as on a former occasion, was hurried off to Osborne house, Isle of Wight. Sand bags were placed upon the bank and every preparation made for a revolution, but it appeared that all the preparation was on the part of the Government. No one else seemed to anticipate danger. How true it is that the wicked travail in pain all their days, that the number of his years is hidden from the oppressor. A dreadful sound is in his ears, [even] in his prosperity the destroyer shall come upon him.
Hume's great reform movement is making rapid advances in quarters which seem to ensure its success. A gentleman has just been to obtain his signature for a petition to Parliament for a large extension of the franchise, vote by ballot, electoral districts, and sessions not exceeding three years. Of course I signed it, because it is sufficiently general to embrace nearly all the great points in the Charter, though I would prefer the Charter, not a point of which appears to me of doubtful expediency except that of annual Parliaments.
The weather of late has been extremely beautiful. Nature appears in all her loveliness, giving prospects and hopes of an abundant harvest. Potatoes and green peas have been in the market for some time. Green peas have been as low as sixpence per peck, potatoes two pence per pound.
Washington.
Ceremonies on Laying the Foundation Stone of the Washington Monument on Fourth of July next—Of the Monument—Character of Washington—Order of Procession—J. Q. Adams—Robert C. Winthrop—Speech of Hon. John Davis in Secret Session on the Mexican Treaty—Of the Extent of Territory Acquired—His Reasons for Voting for the Treaty—Oregon Territorial Bill—Mr. Calhoun's Speech—Novel Position taken by him—New England expects every Man to do his Duty.
Washington, June 30, 1848.
The coming Fourth of July is to be celebrated in this city with great splendor. The Congress of the United States in their official capacity, the President and the Executive, with the diplomatic corps of foreign nations at the seat of Government, will all unite with the citizens of Washington, and numerous delegations and societies from various sections of our country in laying the corner stone of the magnificent structure to be built on the public grounds south of the President's house, as the MONUMENT OF WASHINGTON. This is destined to be raised to the height of five hundred feet, and around the base of the towering shaft is to be erected the mausoleum of the great man of past, present and future times. The resolve of Congress passed forty-eight years since will be redeemed, not by the act of the Legislature, but by the people of the United States, and WASHINGTON will be honored by a noble monument as lofty as his fame. It is not Washington who is thus ennobled, but the people who are capable of appreciating his greatness and so commemorating his public worth. Time, the true test of all that is human, is thus showing the glory which made him 'the first in war, the first in peace, and first in the hearts of his countrymen.' The storms of party strife no longer cast up their mire and dirt which once sought to destroy the solid base of his fame. The men who were lifted into power and for awhile divided the applause of his countrymen, have long since been buried in the dust, and the test of human scrutiny has been applied and they are taking their true position in the estimation of the generations of the present age. While politicians have been sinking one by one into silence and oblivion, the fame of Washington grows with the lapse of ages, into vastness, as the sublime symmetry of his character is contrasted with other men whom accident has for awhile made great.
The political world in this city is in great excitement, in consequence of the course of policy adopted by Mr. Van Buren, and both parties are waiting in expectancy to see how far other free States will sympathize with this movement. In the meanwhile, the great debate on the Oregon Bill is going on in the Senate. On last Monday, Mr. Dix obtained the floor, and 'defined his position,' in the most explicit 'Barnburner' manner, so that he may be deemed as being no longer on the anxious seat , and will by so doing, recover his ground with his party at home. He was followed by Mr. Calhoun on Tuesday. I make but one brief extract of this speech, which will command the attention of your readers, from the novelty of the position assumed, and for the expression of views often opposed to those of the other side . It is the time to settle this momentous question, whether slavery shall, or shall not be extended on territory now free:
The sooner this question is settled the better for all. The military officers of the army and navy, the firemen, the President and his Cabinet and foreign Ministers, the two Houses of Congress proceeded by their officers, the masonic fraternity, the Monument Society, &c. &c. We shall miss that venerable statesman who commenced his career of usefulness under the administration of Washington, and whose life was closing on his last birthday, in the Capitol, and who, had he lived, would have doubtless with the fires of his best days been heard eloquent in the expression of his high and holy veneration of the Father of his country; but his place will be filled in a manner worthy of Massachusetts, by the son of the Pilgrim Fathers, who so well fills the arduous Chair of State, the Speaker of the House of Representatives. It is no easy task, but I feel sure Robert C. Winthrop will rise to the time and place, and by the severe simplicity of style, and dignity of manner, fittingly discharge the duty assigned to him, in the address he is to deliver at the monument after the usual ceremonies of laying the corner stone shall have been performed.
Since the Treaty has been duly ratified the Senate have taken off the seal of secrecy upon the debates had while the Treaty was being discussed, and Mr. Davis, of Massachusetts, has published his speech giving his reasons for voting for its confirmation. It will be recollected by your readers that Mr. Webster alluded in his speech delivered on the 24th March last, to the separation of Mr. Davis from the course he deemed it due to himself, to Massachusetts, and to the country to adopt on this question; and that on that occasion he said—'I feel as I said a new embarrassment. On the events that have occurred here within three weeks, political friends to some extent differ, and that goes nearer to my heart than any political adversaries could direct.' It will not be uninteresting to your readers to know why Mr. Davis could find it his duty to vote for what his firm and fast friend and col-
for voting for the treaty; time will show whether the course of policy pursued was the wisest, safest, best:
The people are weary of this war, and demand peace, and I am not willing that a mere matter of form should frustrate it. There is a great majority who would take it on any terms that do not imply absolute disgrace. The public mind is by no means indifferent to the calamities which are inseparable from war. It brings with it carnage and desolation. There can be no splendid victory, no gallant and daring achievement, without sacrifices which afflict the living with unutterable sorrows. What compensation, what equivalent is there in war for the broken-hearted widow or the helpless orphan, deprived of its natural protector, and thrown upon the charity of a cold heartless world, that can show hosannas for a victory and bury with pomp the chivalric dead, but has no tear of sympathy for the bereaved disconsolate living? But, sir, if a successful war, carried on at a great distance from us, clothes in weeds our citizens for those who have fallen in battle or dropped silently into the grave under the more potent and fatal influence of disease, what must be the measure of its affliction upon the people against whom it is waged, where the waste of life is immeasurably greater—where the unhappy population are driven from their homes, their dwellings and fields laid waste, and themselves left to perish amid the desolation? The trophies of war are the dead and the dying; an enemy beaten down, trodden under foot and despoiled. The victims are the gallant, the brave, the fearless, as well as the unfortunate, and every shout of triumph is a wail of woe to the conqueror as well as to the conquered. But, sir, however great may be the aggravated miseries of bloodshed, they are but the commencement of the evils which belong to war. The press teems with proofs of immorality, debauchery, and atrocity. The innocent are sacrificed to atone for the guilty; the crimes of the abandoned are retained upon the heads of the unoffending, and men become not only careless of life but devoid of humanity; civilization goes backward; the power of religion and philanthropy are impaired, and the love of public liberty and individual right are supplanted by the habit of obedience under the despotic rule of military power. There is, also, to be added to the waste of blood and the decay of morals, the lavish waste of treasure. War brings with it debt—debt, taxes—taxes, oppression and want. We have not reached such a crisis, but the people of England groan under it. The poor man cannot enjoy the light of heaven without paying for it. While he pays for looking out at his cottage window, and for warning himself at his fire-place, he has scarcely the enjoyment of a necessary of life which is not loaded with a tax. This is the equivalent for military fame and glory. There stands the debt of England piled up mountain high as the canker of the kingdom, a leaden weight upon the present generation, and the appalling inheritance of ages to come. We have commenced the same process, and have gone with more fearful strides than has characterized the warning course of Great Britain. The people, sir, are not only alarmed at all this, and desire earnestly to see an end to the war for these reasons, but they see other imperative objections to its continuance.
The political world in this city is in great excitement, in consequence of the course of policy adopted by Mr. Van Buren, and both parties are waiting in expectancy to see how far other free States will sympathize with this movement. In the meanwhile, the great debate on the Oregon Bill is going on in the Senate. On last Monday, Mr. Dix obtained the floor, and 'defined his position,' in the most explicit 'Barnburner' manner, so that he may be deemed as being no longer on the anxious seat , and will by so doing, recover his ground with his party at home. He was followed by Mr. Calhoun on Tuesday. I make but one brief extract of this speech, which will command the attention of your readers, from the novelty of the position assumed, and for the expression of views often opposed to those of the other side . It is the time to settle this momentous question, whether slavery shall, or shall not be extended on territory now free:
The sooner this question is settled the better for all. The military officers of the army and navy, the firemen, the President and his Cabinet and foreign Ministers, the two Houses of Congress proceeded by their officers, the masonic fraternity, the Monument Society, &c. &c. We shall miss that venerable statesman who commenced his career of usefulness under the administration of Washington, and whose life was closing on his last birthday, in the Capitol, and who, had he lived, would have doubtless with the fires of his best days been heard eloquent in the expression of his high and holy veneration of the Father of his country; but his place will be filled in a manner worthy of Massachusetts, by the son of the Pilgrim Fathers, who so well fills the arduous Chair of State, the Speaker of the House of Representatives. It is no easy task, but I feel sure Robert C. Winthrop will rise to the time and place, and by the severe simplicity of style, and dignity of manner, fittingly discharge the duty assigned to him, in the address he is to deliver at the monument after the usual ceremonies of laying the corner stone shall have been performed.
Since the Treaty has been duly ratified the Senate have taken off the seal of secrecy upon the debates had while the Treaty was being discussed, and Mr. Davis, of Massachusetts, has published his speech giving his reasons for voting for its confirmation. It will be recollected by your readers that Mr. Webster alluded in his speech delivered on the 24th March last, to the separation of Mr. Davis from the course he deemed it due to himself, to Massachusetts, and to the country to adopt on this question; and that on that occasion he said—'I feel as I said a new embarrassment. On the events that have occurred here within three weeks, political friends to some extent differ, and that goes nearer to my heart than any political adversaries could direct.' It will not be uninteresting to your readers to know why Mr. Davis could find it his duty to vote for what his firm and fast friend and col-
for voting for the treaty; time will show whether the course of policy pursued was the wisest, safest, best: The people are weary of this war, and demand peace, and I am not willing that a mere matter of form should frustrate it. There is a great majority who would take it on any terms that do not imply absolute disgrace. The public mind is by no means indifferent to the calamities which are inseparable from war. It brings with it carnage and desolation. There can be no splendid victory, no gallant and daring achievement, without sacrifices which afflict the living with unutterable sorrows. What compensation, what equivalent is there in war for the broken-hearted widow or the helpless orphan, deprived of its natural protector, and thrown upon the charity of a cold heartless world, that can show hosannas for a victory and bury with pomp the chivalric dead, but has no tear of sympathy for the bereaved disconsolate living? But, sir, if a successful war, carried on at a great distance from us, clothes in weeds our citizens for those who have fallen in battle or dropped silently into the grave under the more potent and fatal influence of disease, what must be the measure of its affliction upon the people against whom it is waged, where the waste of life is immeasurably greater—where the unhappy population are driven from their homes, their dwellings and fields laid waste, and themselves left to perish amid the desolation? The trophies of war are the dead and the dying; an enemy beaten down, trodden under foot and despoiled. The victims are the gallant, the brave, the fearless, as well as the unfortunate, and every shout of triumph is a wail of woe to the conqueror as well as to the conquered. But, sir, however great may be the aggravated miseries of bloodshed, they are but the commencement of the evils which belong to war. The press teems with proofs of immorality, debauchery, and atrocity. The innocent are sacrificed to atone for the guilty; the crimes of the abandoned are retained upon the heads of the unoffending, and men become not only careless of life but devoid of humanity; civilization goes backward; the power of religion and philanthropy are impaired, and the love of public liberty and individual right are supplanted by the habit of obedience under the despotic rule of military power. There is, also, to be added to the waste of blood and the decay of morals, the lavish waste of treasure. War brings with it debt—debt, taxes—taxes, oppression and want. We have not reached such a crisis, but the people of England groan under it. The poor man cannot enjoy the light of heaven without paying for it. While he pays for looking out at his cottage window, and for warning himself at his fire-place, he has scarcely the enjoyment of a necessary of life which is not loaded with a tax. This is the equivalent for military fame and glory. There stands the debt of England piled up mountain high as the canker of the kingdom, a leaden weight upon the present generation, and the appalling inheritance of ages to come. We have commenced the same process, and have gone with more fearful strides than has characterized the warning course of Great Britain. The people, sir, are not only alarmed at all this, and desire earnestly to see an end to the war for these reasons, but they see other imperative objections to its continuance.
bath school connected with the church under my charge, and invited especially, the teachers and other pupils, most capable of appreciating its value, to visit, proposing to accompany them. A time was fixed, and we went. Its influence on them was much the same as that produced on my own mind. I saw some of them weeping freely, while the explanation by yourself, was progressing. And I find it much more easy now, to illustrate many passages of Scripture before them, than formerly. I regard it as an advantage that myself, and so many of my congregation have been permitted to examine the Model, and sincerely hope multitudes of others may avail themselves of the privilege. I am, dear sir, yours, &c., GEO. W. BOSWORTH, Pastor of South Bap. church, Boston.
Miscellaneous.
FATHER PECK IN CONNECTICUT.—A correspondent in Connecticut writing of the late anniversary of the Stonington Union Association, speaks thus of the presence and preaching of Rev. John Peck:
'Father Peck was present and preached a sermon, which for simplicity and perspicuity, and for effect, we have seldom heard equalled. There has been much said of late, about effective preaching—an earnest ministry, &c. &c.—and all well—but here, we thought, in this old man, with his trembling, whispering voice, his unstudied, homely style, was nevertheless an example of effective preaching, of an earnest ministry, worthy, at least in its spirit and in the simplicity of its utterance, of study and imitation. If we must imitate, O let us imitate the spirituality and simplicity of Christ. His subject was the Resurrection —its proofs and uses. Beginning with the simplest proofs and illustrations, he proceeded in a course of accumulative reasoning, till the certainty of the resurrection of the body—the identical body , was placed beyond a doubt. His recent affliction, doubtless, has turned his thoughts to this subject with peculiar interest, and when he alluded to the death of his companion and two sons, his utterance failed, and the old patriarch stood and wept. But when he again took up the hope of the resurrection and of a blessed reunion in another world, his countenance kindled and glowed with joy.'
THE SABBATH SCHOOL CONVENTION connected with the Sturbridge Association, held its 13th anniversary with the Baptist church in Ware, on the 20th ult. Notwithstanding the violent storm, a good assembly convened, and a commendable interest was evinced in the cause of Sabbath schools.
The annual Report, and several Essays were presented, after each of which instructive and spirited remarks were made by different members of the Convention. We all felt that it was good to be there. The Sabbath schools in the Sturbridge Association are evidently improving in number, efficiency and usefulness. The Convention would however accomplish much more good if it could out more of the members of its schools to its anniversaries.
THE REV. THOMAS SNELL, D. D., of North Brookfield, preached his half-century sermon on the 27th ult., connected with other appropriate services adapted to such an occasion. The sermon was founded on Acts 26: 22, 23: 'Having therefore obtained help of God,' &c. In this sermon, he gave us a glimpse of the state of the church and town were, when he came there, their present condition and the means used to effect the change.
In reply to the question how he had remained fifty years the pastor of one church in this age of ministerial change , he stated 1. That he had always tried to gratify the wishes of his people so far as he could consistently. 2. He had never supposed that wisdom would die with him, but if with any body, with his people. 3. He had never suffered himself to take sides with any faction that has arisen in his church or society. 4. He had always been content to preach the simple doctrines of the cross and the duties that immediately grow out of them.
A large number of the former inhabitants of the town were present, and the speeches from them and other visitors from abroad, added not a little in recalling the reminiscences of by-gone days.
Here are three contiguous parishes whose pastors' ages average 76. A whole generation has grown up and died, and nearly all their present congregations, when they were ordained, were unborn. Most of the parents of the present generation were married by these venerable patriarchs, and by them accompanied to their graves. Would that we might have occasion to mingle in scenes like this much oftener than we do.
WHAT SUSTAINS AGED CHRISTIANS!—In the interior of North Carolina, a colporteur found a venerable mother, 90 years of age, in deep affliction, but she was sustained, in the midst of an ungodly neighborhood, by the consolations of the gospel. She had three sons, one of them nearly ready for the drunkard's grave, a second about to be tried for murder, and the third had recently been shot in some fierce personal conflict. She had been a member of a church upwards of 50 years, and formerly had her house open for public worship. But all her Christian friends had either died or removed from the neighborhood. Yet the colporteur found her cheerful and confiding, her hopes being firmly based on the promises of the gospel.
Men of War, Merchants, Vessels and Craft of every class and all nations, upon the great sea of the Mediterranean, nearly 2,000 miles in extent.
This Panorama can be seen at the Masonic Temple, in Tremont street; it commences moving at 8 o'clock every evening, and on Wednesday and Saturday afternoons, at 3 o'clock. A view of the scenes here presented, cannot fail of pleasing the eye and imparting much useful information to the mind.
HOME LIBRARY OF ENTERTAINING BOOKS.—Mrs. Adams' LETTERS.—Wilkins, Cabet & Co. have commenced issuing a class of books, of which the above is a descriptive designation. Of these we have received Self-Control, and Mrs. Adams' Letters, embraced in one volume, and including the Letters addressed by John Quincy Adams to his son, on the study of the Bible. Let us say we hope that novels, however well chosen, will constitute but a small sprinkling in the inviting series of which these volumes form a part. The publishers deserve thanks for the neat style in which they have given the Letters of Mrs. Adams. Since the death of the illustrious son of a no less illustrious mother, in whose character may be found a grand secret of his, this work, exhausted in its former editions, must meet with a wider demand, and win for itself an attention more special than ever. The letters on the late Ex-President Adams on the study of the Sacred Scriptures, are a treasure in themselves, and greatly increase the value of the book. We do not see how any American mother of family can be without it. There is hardly a richer legacy to the present or coming generations, than the maternal character and example which are here enshrined.
LETTERS FROM ITALY: THE ALPS AND THE RHINE, by J. T. Headley. New York: Baker & Scribner. Boston: Gould, Kendall & Lincoln. All the trees of the forest are neither oaks nor elms, as all the structures of a city are not commonly built of granite or marble. So the authors of no day pertain to any one class. There is almost as much diversity here as there is demand. Demand in fact creates diversity. Mr. Headley is a writer for the age, and the day in which he lives. If his writings fail of a durable impress on the world, if they fail of being transmitted to a coming generation, who shall admire them equally with the present, they are yet admirably adapted to the production for themselves, of a wide, current popularity. The play of his style, his lively and somewhat over-drawn description, render him a favorite with many. If his style have a redundancy of ornament, and bear traces of an effort at effect, it has an unusual charm to attract readers. Of this, the appearance in a new form of the present volume, is proof. It embraces materials illustrating a period and localities, which, in the hands of Mr. H., possess an interest that is vivid and engrossing.
SUCCESS OF THE GOSPEL IN COLORADO VALLEY.—A correspondent of the Southern Western Chronicle writes:
'Within the last six or eight months, from the best information I have been able to get, there have been from five to six hundred who have professed religion in the Colorado Valley, including Baptists, Methodists, and Cumberland Presbyterians, amongst whom there is much unity of feeling, and I think the advancement of the gospel is the grand object of each denomination.'
In all the valley from Matagorda to Austin, a distance of two hundred miles, there are only three ministers of our denomination—brethren Hill, Chandler, and Taliaferro.'
HARVARD UNIVERSITY.—We have received a catalogue of the officers and students of the University at Cambridge, for the Academic year 1847—48, by which we learn that there are at the present time, 310 Professional Students, which are divided as follows:—Theological Students, 23; Law Students, 131; Students attending medical lectures, 140; Special students in Chemistry, 8; Resident Graduates, 8. The number of Undergraduates is 263, and divided as follows:—Seniors, 59; Juniors, 79; Sophomores, 64; Freshmen, 61. Total, 573.
DISTRESSING ACCIDENT.—Leander Washburn, 20 years of age, whose parents reside in Peterboro', N. H., was instantly killed on Saturday afternoon, by the bursting of a soda fountain, in the shop of Asa White, 109 Ann street.

add that a second Baptist church has been constituted in Norfolk. It comprises many active and efficient members, who have purchased an eligible location, and intend to erect a commodious meeting-house in the Gothic style.
An interesting work of grace has occurred in connection with the labors of Rev. Mr. Thurston, one of the oldest missionaries at the Sandwich Islands. About sixty persons had been received into the church, and about sixty others were candidates for admission.
WELLS' ELEMENTARY GRAMMAR.—Mr. Wells, known as the author of the School Grammar, here presents an elementary work, embracing the same definitions and rules as contained in the latter, but with more full and simple illustrations and explanations, and designed for beginners in that branch of knowledge. Andover: W. H. Wardwell.
SCRIPTURE QUESTIONS.—Vol. 14th. The Miracles of Christ. By John A. Albro. Such a work being demanded, we welcome this from its well-known author. Boston: Massachusetts Sabbath School Society.
BRIEF RECOLLECTIONS OF EBENEZER WARDLAW.—This memoir of an interesting child, from the pen of its parents, though unpretending in form, will be found to contain much valuable instruction, both to parents and children. Revised from the Glasgow edition. Boston: Massachusetts Sabbath School Society.
Sixty-five devoted Christians, mostly females, are now assisting in the distribution of tracts in St. Louis. writes a correspondent; reaching the French, German, and Irish, as well as American population; in the market houses, on the levee, in steam-boats, wood-yards, and places of business, with elevating and saving influences. The Germans enter into the work with great energy.
The Richmond Whig says: 'The Wheat harvest was commenced last week in this and the neighboring counties, and promises an extensive crop. The country presents a beautiful and most refreshing appearance.'
The pews in Rev. Mr. Beecher's church in Brooklyn, opposite New York, were leased the other day, and a gentleman hired all the slips in one of the galleries. He intends to lease them for small sums, to families who are unable to pay the usual high prices.
Lord Ashburton so well known in the negotiation of the North-eastern Boundary treaty, died near Bath, England, May 14, aged 75.
General Intelligence.
ARRIVAL OF THE CAMBRIA.
ONE WEEK LATER FROM EUROPE. The steamer Cambria, Capt. Harrison, arrived at this port on Friday morning last, having left Liverpool on the 17th of June.
ENGLAND AND IRELAND.
The news from England and Ireland is of comparatively little importance. In the state of grain and cotton markets at Liverpool, there was no material change. In both, the demand was moderate, but steady, and prices nearly stationary. The crops both in England and Ireland promise to yield abundantly.
The only matter of interest in Parliament is a vote upon Mr. Herries' resolutions, which looks as if Parliament would repeal the Navigation Laws.
The great chartist demonstration, which was to have taken place in Bonner's Fields, in London, on Whit-Monday, the 12th, was suppressed, and quiet prevailed.
The meetings in favor of the new reform movement have been more general during the last week; and as the period approaches when Mr. Hume will make his motion, additional efforts are being employed, by means of numerous petitions, to fortify his arguments in favor of 'the four points.' A new mode has been adopted, by getting up a vast number of 'family petitions,' to strengthen the allegations made by the Reformers, that the feeling in favor of an extensive change is very general throughout the kingdom.
Douglas Jerrold's weekly newspaper has a sensible leading article upon this subject, from which we quote the following:
We believe that physical force Chartism begins to be cowed, abashed at its first absurdity. It has measured itself against the banded intelligence of the country, and sees the hopelessness—may it see the wickedness—of its former purpose. With a full conviction of the necessity of further
for Prince Louis Napoleon of the cause was not the prime motive with many who voted in the majority which sanctioned his return. His admission was probably dictated by the very reasonable conviction that the National Assembly had nothing to apprehend from his presence, and indeed it has since been made tolerably clear that there was in reality no great weakness at all. Lamartine, feeling his own weakness, took advantage of the election of Louis Napoleon Bonaparte for Paris, and of a few stray cries by a portion of the capricious and inconstant mob in his favor, to make this show of strength, and thus endeavor to re-establish his position in the Assembly, in common with the Executive Government, a position which the dissensions, vacillations, and incompetency of that Government had been daily impairing since its first establishment.
Not much unity can be expected in a government where five different wills are in conflict; and even if the executive committee were themselves united in sentiment, their action could not fail to be impeded from without by the enemies and enviers of those who, to use Lamartine's expression, 'had the glorious misfortune of presiding at the foundation of the republic.'
The following extracts from two Parisian journals, show the light in which Louis Bonaparte is viewed by a majority of the press, and we believe, the nation. It is impossible, however, to predict what will result from the disturbance already occasioned by his name.
The Debats says of the proceedings of Tuesday in the National Assembly: 'We have declared that we are averse to laws of proscription. We add, that if we were in the situation of M. Louis Napoleon, we should not be highly flattered by the result of this discussion. The Chamber has evidently abstained from doing him the honor of considering him a dangerous personage. This is the opinion of M. Jules Favre, who proposed his admission, and of M. Louis Blanc, who supported it. Was the presence of M. Louis Napoleon, or was it not, of any danger to the existing order of things? The assembly has decided in the negative. Thus we have a Frenchman the more and a pretender the less, as we are most willing to have.'
The National says: 'Prince Louis has been nominated by the electors, and his election validated by the assembly—it be so. The presence of Prince Louis will teach us nothing, for we are already perfectly acquainted with what he is worth—but it is good, perhaps, that he be viewed close at hand. It will then be seen what is that collateral glory which invests itself with the aureole of glorious reminiscences, and which presented itself twice in France with a costume of retrospective phantasy cut out of the imperial mantle.'
SCHLESWIG HOLSTEIN.
Accounts from Rendsburg of the 6th inst., show that an important battle was fought between Gravenstein and Sonderburg. The Danes were driven back to Duppel and Sonderburg. The Cologne Gazette gives the following version of the affair: 'The battle took place between Gravenstein and Sonderburg, and the contest was most fierce. The battle began at daybreak and lasted till nightfall. General Wrangel commanded in person. The Danish forces are given at 16,000, and were supported by a well kept up fire from their gun-boats. Two of these were sunk by the fire of the Prussian troops, and 1200 Danes were reported to have found a watery grave. The loss of killed and wounded on both sides is reported to be very considerable. Other accounts represent that the Danes were not so completely worsted.'
The National Assembly has negatived the motion for a formal recognition of the revolution, and as a consequence the appendix to that motion, a declaration that the combatants of March deserve well of their country. The excitement this vote has produced is immense. Hisses and strong marks of disapprobation greeted the Crown Prince on his appearance in the assembly after his return from England.
AUSTRIA.
Accounts from Vienna are of a more favorable character, inasmuch as peace and quietness are being restored, though many of the principal nobility have, with most of the foreign ambassadors (including the English,) left for Innsbruck. The Hamburg Borsenhallo, of the 5th, states, on the authority of private letters, that Carinthia, Carniola, and Styria had declared themselves independent of Austria; the reason for so doing is stated to be, that the government of Vienna allows itself to be ruled by the students and the mob. The Vienna Gazette publishes a ministerial decree convoking the Imperial Diet, with only one chamber, for the 26th June, with an electoral law, according to which one deputy will be returned on every 50,000 inhabitants. The Province of Lower Austria, however, in consideration of its commercial importance, will return thirty-seven deputies, of which number fifteen will be returned by the city of Vienna. Every Austrian citizen who has completed his twenty-fourth year is eligible, without distinction of religious profession. The opening of a Selavonic Congress at Prague had struck a chord in Austria which has vibrated through the whole of Germany. The alternative, "Selavonic or German" never came forward in so prominent, so menacing a form as at the present moment.
PATAPSCO RAILROAD ACCIDENT.—The Journal states that the train of cars from Concord, N. H., Saturday morning was approaching the depot in Manchester, at the usual speed, a young woman attempted to cross the track in front of the engine. She was knocked down, and run over by the train, the upper part of her head being cut off with a knife. She died instantly.
SAD RAILROAD ACCIDENT.—The passenger train from Boston on Monday evening, did not arrive till after 10 o'clock in consequence of an accident at East Brookfield. Mr. Darling McIntire was visiting with his wife at a relative's, near the track of the railroad, and his horse, attached to a wagon, had become loose, and was feeding by the rails, when the gravel train came along, hind foremost. The man came out to secure his horse, but the latter being frightened, ran, and dragged his master on to the track, with himself also. The cars caught them, run over the man and killed him instantly, and dragged the horse and wagon to a bridge near by, where, the train being thrown off the track, the whole, cars, wagon and horse, were piled up in one great mass. The animal was killed, the wagon smashed to pieces, and the frame of the bridge forced apart. The passenger train was delayed till the track could be cleared. Mr. McIntire's age was 57.—Springfield Republican.
SHIP BURNED AT SEA.—The captain of a steamer which arrived at New Orleans, reported passing the British bark Defiance, in flames, on the 19th ult., about 48 miles W. N. W. of the South West Pass of the Mississippi. He went ashore in a boat, and saw Captain Steers, of the Defiance, his first mate and two boys, who stated to him that the crew had set fire to the ship in three different places, and then took to the long-boat. She was cleared at New Orleans on the 12th, for Liverpool, with a cargo of cotton and corn.
LAUDABLE PREMIUMS.—We learn from a correspondence in the Ploughman, that in September last Richard S. Fay, Esq., of Lynn, placed in the hands of the Essex Agricultural Society $100, to be awarded in 1852, with the interest accruing thereon, for the best plantation of oaks, chiefly of white and black or yellow oak, on not less than one acre of pasture or waste land, raised from acorns, planted in the autumn of 1847, or the following spring.
In a letter to Mr. Dodge, the Secretary of the Society, dated on the 23d June, Mr. Fay announces his intention to offer a second premium of one hundred dollars for the best plantation of oaks on not less than an acre, to be planted the ensuing autumn, or the following spring, (similar to the one offered last year,) to be awarded in 1853. I will (he says) also add a premium of fifty dollars for the second best plantation, provided there are twelve competitors.
A SERIOUS ACCIDENT occurred at Lewiston, Me., last Thursday. Several workmen were engaged in digging a pit, when a tree, standing thirty or forty feet from the brink of the pit, fell in upon them, killing one and severely injuring four others.
HYDROPHOBIA.—An interesting boy, about five years of age, son of Col. E. L. Snow, of New York, was bitten about three weeks ago by a dog, which at that time exhibited no symptoms of being in a rabid state. No apprehension was entertained of any serious consequences resulting from it, until Wednesday afternoon, when he was seized with hydrophobia, and expired in dreadful agony.
INQUESTS.—Coroner Pratt held an inquest on Thursday morning, says the Daily Advertiser, on the body of Hawley Phillips, a seaman on board the schooner Fashion, of New York. Phillips, in company with a shipmate, were proceeding along Commercial street to their vessel, and it being very dark, they both walked overboard, the latter barely succeeding in saving himself. The deceased belonged to Bridgeport, Conn., and is said to have been a young man of excellent moral character and habits. Verdict, 'accidental drowning.'
NATIONAL DEBT.—It appears from official statements that the public debt of the United States, at the present financial year, 1st July, 1848, if the treaty goes into effect, will be ninety-eight millions four hundred and forty-seven thousand eight hundred and three dollars.
THE U. S. LOAN.—The New York Journal of Commerce says that though Messrs. Corcoran & Riggs obtained nearly the whole of the loan, they take but $1,000,000 themselves, the rest being for other parties, who had ordered through them. Of these orders $3,000,000 are known to be on foreign account, and perhaps a million more. This fact, with the fall already taken place in exchange, has produced some cheerfulness in the money market, though its stringency has hardly yielded any.
THE FINANCES OF FRANCE.—"England," says the Assemblee Nationale, "has a debt of 20,450,000,000, with a revenue of 1,565,000,000. France, one of 5,000,000,000, communal and departmental budgets; Russia, one of 2,000,000,000, with a revenue of 400,000,000; Spain, one of 5,000,000,000, with a revenue of 100,000,000; Holland, one of 3,000,000,000, with a revenue of 100,000,000; Austria, one of 3,000,000,000, with a revenue of 440,000,000. As it may be seen, the financial state of France would in no wise be alarming, if the government were entrusted to competent persons."
CONFLICT WITH SMUGGLERS.—The St. John (N. B.) Courier of the 24th ult. states that the revenue officers at that port having made seizure on Tuesday night of a small schooner and fourteen barrels of spirits, were fired upon by some of the supposed smugglers, but received no injury. The firing was returned by the officers—with what effect is not known.
MORE ALTERED BILLS of the old broken Citizen's Bank of Augusta, have made their appearance, purporting to be $10 bills of the People's Bank, North-Providence, R. I.
LATE AND IMPORTANT FROM MEXICO.—By the arrival of the steamship Palmetto at New Orleans on the 23d ult., dates from Vera Cruz to the 17th have been received. The following synopsis of the news by this arrival was received in New York by telegraph: "A formidable conspiracy had broken out in the city of Mexico, having for its object the overthrow of the government, and the extermination of the peace party, or the party in favor of the late treaty. The work of assassination had already commenced; five of the prominent advocates of peace, friends of the United States, having been murdered. The conspiracy was headed by General Paredes, ex-President, and Padre Jarauta, the guerilla leader. All the United States troops were expected to leave the capital on the 21st June. The Palmetto brought four companies of Michigan volunteers."
Mr. Sevier left the capital on the 12th, and was expected to arrive at Vera Cruz on the 19th. On his arrival at Vera Cruz the custom house at that place would be given up to the Mexican authorities."
SLAVERY IN THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA.—On Saturday last, Mr. Hale presented a resolution instructing the Committee on the District of Columbia, to bring in a bill abolishing slavery in said District. The resolution was lost by the following vote: Yeas—Messrs. Clark, of R. I., Corwin, of Ohio, Davis, of Mass., Hale, of N. H., Miller, of N. J., and Upham, of Vt. 6. Nays—Messrs. Allen, Atchison, Atherton, Bell, Benton, Borland, Bradbury, Breese, Bright, Butler, Calhoun, Davis of Miss., Dickinson, Dix, Douglass, Dodge, Downes, Felch, Fitzgerald, Foote, Hamlin, Henson, Hunter, Johnson of Md., Johnson of La., Johnson of Geo., Lewis, Mangum, Mason, Niles, Rusk, Spruance, Sturgeon, Turney, Underwood, Westcott, and Yulee. 36.
SINGULAR ACCIDENT.—Last Wednesday afternoon, says the Quincy Patriot, as the wife of Mr. Isaac Bass, of that town, was in the act of adjusting a clothes-line around a tree, she was struck just above the ankle joint by a stone weighing twenty-three lbs., which was thrown in blasting from the granite ledges more than half a mile distant. Her ankle joint was dislocated—one of the bones broken, and the flesh badly mutilated.
FREE SENTIMENTS IN WISCONSIN.—The Senate of the new State of Wisconsin voted on the 14th, 15 to 3, to instruct their Senators and Representatives in Congress to use all their efforts to prevent the introduction of slavery into any new territory that may be acquired by the United States. The instructions were subsequently adopted by the House of Representatives—5 only voting in the negative.
Weekly Summary.
The steamship Edith has arrived at New Orleans from Vera Cruz, with eight companies of Pennsylvania volunteers.
A destructive fire occurred at Mobile on the 25th ult., $200,000.
Nathaniel P. Russell, a well-known and wealthy citizen of Boston, committed suicide at Nahant, at an early hour Monday morning.
The Sultan of Turkey, says the Liverpool Journal, has dismissed his barber for attempting to talk politics while shaving his august master.
A serious accident occurred at Lewiston, Me., last Thursday. Several workmen were engaged in digging a pit, when a tree, standing thirty or forty feet from the brink of the pit, fell in upon them, killing one and severely injuring four others.
The Essex railroad was opened to North Danvers, on Saturday. The Lowell and Lawrence railroad is about completed, and will soon be opened to the public.
Not less than 1,800,000 dead letters were received at the general post-office during the year 1847. The contents of 2,752 of the most valuable, exceeded $20,000! This department of the post-office is a dead loss to the government of more than $130,000 annually!
Rev. John Wolcott has been ordered to pay $439 by a jury in Woodstock, Va., for refusing to marry Susan D. Whitcomb, after promising to do so.
Mr. Buckingham, the old, able and highly esteemed editor of the Boston Courier, has sold his interest in that paper, and retired from it, in consequence of not being able to support conscientiously the recent Whig nominations.
Almost, the distinguished Mexican, intends to take up his residence in New Orleans.
A man in Wendell, Mass., recently but a gallon of rum that he would cross Putnam's pond on a rope, stretched across to sustain a derrick. When about half way over he fell into the pond and was drowned. In Newburyport, on Sunday week, Thos. J. Piper came to his death by a wound inflicted accidentally by a small spring-back-knife in the hands of Nathan C. Moody, nearly severing the femoral artery in the left thigh. The lads were engaged in a struggle for the possession of the knife. A copper mine of considerable extent has been discovered in Carlisle, Mass.
Mr. Newton, Newton Hall, June 12, 1848. N. B. The next Term of the New England Normal School will commence on Wednesday, the 6th of Sept. N. B. Newton, June 12, 1848. C. PIERCE, Principal. 25-5w
White & Potter, BOOK AND JOB PRINTERS, CORNER of Devonshire Street and Spring Lane—over Boston Type Foundry. BOOKS, PAMPHLETS, BILLS, RECEIPTS, CATA-LOGUES, &c. executed in the neatest manner and at the shortest notice. Presses, of every description, are in constant use. Paper of every description, and of the best quality, is constantly on hand. Orders by mail attended to punctually. 25-5w
Boston, July 1, 1848.
KIMBALL & FISK, NO. 28 WASHINGTON STREET, Manufacturers, Wholesale and Retail DEALERS IN SHIRTS, STOCKS, SELF-ADJUSTING CRAVATS, GLOVES, HOSIERY, COLLARS, READY-MADE LINEN, AND EVERY DESCRIPTION OF GENTLEMEN'S FURNISHING GOODS. 25-5w
MERCHANT TAILORS
GENTLEMEN'S OUTFITTERS. Merchants and others visiting Boston, will find a desirable place to purchase any article worn by Gentlemen, as we have an extensive assortment, manufactured our own Goods, and sell at such prices as to give every inducement to our customers. 25-5w
AT THIS ESTABLISHMENT
CAN BE FOUND A SPLENDID ASSORTMENT OF Cloths, Cassimeres, Doeskin, and RICH VESTINGS, Which we will make up to order in the best and most fashionable manner. Every one intending to purchase any of the above articles, will make a saving, and get the best of Clothing, by calling at this establishment. KIMBALL & FISK, NO. 28 WASHINGTON ST. 25-5w
A Card.
MR. WM. HAYMEN, Tailor, would inform his friends and the public, that he has located himself at the Outfitter Establishment of Messrs. Kimball & Fisk, No. 28 Washington Street, where he would be happy to furnish his customers with every description of Gentlemen's Clothing. 13-1st
Dress Goods, SHAWLS, SILKS, HOUSEKEEPING ARTICLES, LINENS AND DOMESTICS.
C. F. HAGLEY & PAIGE, 66 Hanover Street, would call the attention of their friends and the public to the most extensive assortment of Dry Goods to be found in the city, comprising all the new and fashionable styles of Silks, together with every variety of Shawls, Linens, Ginghams, Prints, Mouselene de laine, &c. In our new and spacious SHAWL ROOM may be seen every variety of Shawls, just received, a choice selection of CANTON CRAPE SHAWLS. Particular attention given to the selection of Mourning Goods. Which Goods of late have been in great demand. 25-5w
HOUSEKEEPING ARTICLES
a complete assortment always on hand. Linens of the best makers, and every variety of Table Covers, of all kinds. Napkins, Doilies, Huckabaws and Crabs. 25-5w
EMBOSS TABLE AND PIANO COVERS, Cloths, Cassimeres and Vestings.
Also all kinds of thin Goods for Children's Clothes. DOMESTICS cheaper than ever. 25-5w
AUCTION GOODS.
A lot of Fine Linens in remnants at 50c. 2 Cases of Scotch Plaid at 12 1/2c. 1 Case of Mouselene de laine at 12 1/2c. 1 do. all Wool, 25c. 2 do. White Damask at 50c. a yard, bargain. Customers can amuse themselves that we offer great inducements to purchase at Wholesale or Retail, by visiting their store, 66 Hanover Street, corner of State. C. F. HAGLEY & PAIGE. 25-5w
Anson Peck, MANUFACTURER OF COMBS, DEALER IN FANCY GOODS, BRUSHES, PERFUMERY, JEWELRY, &c.
5 Essex Street, (near Boylston Market), Boston. Combs and Jewelry made to Order, and Repaired at short notice. 25-5w
Mason & Webb's New Singing Book.
THE SUBSCRIBERS will publish in a few weeks 'THE NATIONAL PSALMIST,' a new and extensive collection of Church Music, consisting of Psalm and Hymn Tunes, Anthems, Chants, and Set Pieces, for the use of Choirs, Congregations and Singing Schools. Mr. Lowell Mason and G. A. Webb. This collection, upon which much time and labor have been bestowed, will contain (beside a large portion of the old and standard tunes which have met with long continued favor) a large variety of New and Original matter, arranged by distinguished foreign and native contributors, making the work perhaps the most complete collection of Psalmody ever published. It will contain, also, almost all the popular English Chants, and a rich variety of Anthems and Choruses adapted both to Choir practice and to church services. TAPPAN, WHITTEMORE & MASON, No. 114 Washington Street. 24-31w
Medicines,--Wholesale.
100 lbs. Chloroform, 100 packages Druggists' Glass, 100 do. Iodine Ether, 100 do. Bippary Film Bark, 100 do. Perfumed Hair Powder, 100 do. Pressed Herbs, 100 do. Syringes, various, 25 bales Senna Leaves, 100 do. New England Lactate, 12 boxes Lactate paste, 100 do. Westwood's Mortars, 6 boxes do. Roet, 100 do. Bellingham's Root, 20 do. Roet Funnels, 10 bales Castor Oil, 20 do. Iodide of Potass, 6 cases Calcium Seeds, 20 do. Iodide of Iron, 20 do. Iodide of Starch, 20 do. Hyd. Potass, 20 boxes Calomel do., 100 do. Sarsaparilla, 200 do. Extract Sarsaparilla, 25 do. Eosin Balm, 200 do. extract Candelabrum, 10 do. Sulph. Balm Tartar, 100 do. Lemon Syrup, 10 do. do. Sulphur, 20 do. Compound Lozenges, 500 do. Sulphat. Quinine, 200 packages Sponges do., 100 do. Morphine preparations, 2 cases Sulphat. Quinine, 10 bales Oatmeal and Flour, 3 cases Calamus Root, peeled, 10 do. Oil Lemon, fresh, 10 do. Oil Peppermint, 100 do. Oil Peppermint, 10 do. do. Cassia, 100 do. Oil Peppermint, 10 do. do. Cassia, Together with a general assortment of Drugs, Medicines, Popular Books, Chemicals, Perfumery, Surgical Instruments, Paints, Oils, Dry Drugs, &c. &c. for sale at the lowest cost, varying seems to dealers, by BREWERS, STEVENS & CURHING, Wholesale Druggies, Nos. 30 and 32 Washington, and Devonshire st. 25-5w
JAPANNED TEA TRAYS, All styles, Wafers, Bread and Cheese Tongs to match. TABLE CUTLERY, in sets; also Knives and Forks, fine and common qualities. RICH PARLOR CLOCKS; French Candelabras, Bronzed, and other Mantel Ornaments. LAMPS, CHANDELIERS, RICH GAS FIXTURES, for Parlors and other apartments. Candelabras, Girandoles, Candlesticks, etc., all varieties. CHURCH CHANDELIERS and LAMPS of all descriptions. COMMUNION SETS, Of Silver, made to order, also of Silver-plated and Britannia Metal constantly on hand. BRITANNIA WARE, Of best Sheffield and American manufacture. RICH FANCY GOODS, Bohemian Glass, Pilsener Beer, Marbles, Bronzes, Porcelains, Dresden and French China, Terra Cotta, Artware from Pompeii Models, Rich Marbled Vases, and other Ornaments, Transparencies, &c. CUT GLASS TABLE WARE, fine quality. Gold and Silver WATCHES of best English, French, and Geneva manufacture. Fine Gold Chains, Seals, Keys, &c. The stock being entirely new, is one of the largest and most selected in the city, and obtained from sources that enable the proprietors to offer the goods upon the most reasonable terms. Visitors will find it for their interest to call, and are hereby invited to do so, even if they have no intention of becoming purchasers. Harris & Stanwood, 253 WASHINGTON STREET. 25-5w
April 21
Heating and Ventilating
D WELLINGS, CHURCHES, SCHOOL HOUSES, HOSPITALS, FACTORIES, STORES, &c. upon strictly philosophical principles. CHAMBER AND ROOM FURNACES. An additional patent granted May 2, 1848. The apartments being filled with an abundant supply of fresh, healthy, warm air, from that dry, heatless, and agreeable heat that comes from the red hot Iron Pots, which destroys the oxygen or vitality of the air, and from the great excellence of science, declare to be destructive to health; to feel, furniture, buildings, and the people themselves. Several hundred of this superior Furnace have been thoroughly tested in the city of Boston, and by their united testimony fully establish the claims of the United States, whose testimony fully establishes the claims of the United States, whose testimony fully establishes the claims of the United States, whose testimony fully establishes the claims of the United States, whose testimony fully establishes the claims of the United States, whose testimony fully establishes the claims of the United States, whose testimony fully establishes the claims of the United States, whose testimony fully establishes the claims of the United States, whose testimony fully establishes the claims of the United States, whose testimony fully establishes the claims of the United States, whose testimony fully establishes the claims of the United States, whose testimony fully establishes the claims of the United States, whose testimony fully establishes the claims of the United States, whose testimony fully 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The Family Circle.
MRS. GENERAL GAINES.
As the case of this extraordinary woman (Mrs. Gaines,) has for a long time past excited the interest of the people of this country, we think it will not be uninteresting to give our readers a slight sketch of her early life.
Mira Clark, now Mrs. Gaines, who is well known to our citizens, having in early life resided here, was born in New Orleans, her father, Daniel Clarke, (well known in the political and commercial history of Louisiana,) being a partner of Col. Davis, of this county. Her father died, and when only a few months old, she was adopted by Colonel Davis, and brought up as his own child. A man by the name of Ralph, destroyed her father's will, and obtained possession of the whole of the immense property of her father, consisting of nearly the whole of the new part of New Orleans, (at that time worth five millions of dollars, and now worth much more.) She lived in entire ignorance of her parentage for a long time. The first idea she had of her parentage, was being taunted by a girl at school with the fact that Col. Davis was not her father. Afterwards, she discovered it from some papers which she found, while looking for some documents which she was to send to the Colonel at Harrisburgh—they at that time living in Pennsylvania. Some time afterwards, she visited the Sulphur Springs, Virginia, and while there, on account of her carriage breaking, she became acquainted with a young man named Wm. Whitney, a son of Gen. Whitney, of New York. Soon afterwards he visited her in Philadelphia, but the Colonel not approving of the match, he was forced to leave. Colonel Davis soon after moved to Delamere, a place near Wilmington, and Miss Clark not being permitted to see her lover she corresponded with him.
To prevent detection, her letters were directed to Miss Mary Ann Williamson, (now the wife of Rev. Cory Chambers, of this city,) daughter of our late Mayor and Postmaster, she carefully keeping the secret, and punctually delivering the letters into the hands of Miss Clark, and sending her's to Mr. Whitney in return. Miss Clark was by this time fully acquainted with her parentage and the immense estate of her father. At last, she received a letter from Mr. Whitney, urging her by all she held true, and the love she bore him, to elope with him. The plan was laid, and the time fixed. Mr. Whitney was to be at Newcastle, where she was to join him. None was let into the secret but Miss Williamson. To prevent detection, Miss Clark called all the dogs together about Col. Davis's place, that evening, put them in one of the outbuildings, and locked them all up. At last the night came, and a terrible one it was, too; the wind howled, the rain poured in torrents, and the darkness was only now and then illuminated by fearful flashes of lightning. Undaunted by the raging elements, Miss Clark stepped from her bed-room on the balcony, and by means of the pillar of the balcony or a rope, managed to reach the ground in safety, and immediately ran as fast as she could to Wilmington. It was a fearful night for a girl so small, so young and delicate, to venture abroad, alone and unattended. On her way, if possible, the rain became heavier, and the flashes of lightning more vivid.
At last she reached the residence of Mr. Williamson, drenched with rain, and the top of her bandbox beat in by the violence of the storm. Miss Williamson was waiting alone in the passage to receive her; the low knock at the door was given, the key softly turned, the door opened, and Miss Clark, pulling off her little kid slippers, which were wet through, softly ascended the stairs, so as not to alarm the rest of the family. The ladies employed themselves until morning, in drying, as well as they were able, Miss Clark's clothes.
At the first dawn of morning they stepped out, and a hack being procured, she departed for Newcastle. Miss Williamson gave her all the money she had, $5, as at the time she left Col. Davis's she had not a dollar.
fearful height was attained, and the flame was quenched. He sought not to be known,—and refused a reward when it was tendered to him. He replied to the tender, I have done no more than my duty. The vessel with which he was connected sailed in three days—and another individual, named Knapp, had the address to claim the reward which young Brewster so nobly refused.
As an evidence of his unobtrusive and modest turn of mind, the following extract from a letter, which he wrote to his mother, is subjoined. It was dated at Gustavia harbor, in St. Bartholomew, 17th June, 1811: 'You have, doubtless, heard of my little exertion in arresting the progress of the fire in New York, which I should not have mentioned, had I not seen it published in a Charleston paper. I hope my conduct on that occasion gave you satisfaction.'
In an ode written by John Lothrop, Esq., of Boston, for the anniversary of the Massachusetts Charitable Fire Society, is preserved an honorable memorial of this brave and meritorious youth. We find it in Alden's Collection.
See on the sacred temple's spire The impious demon's ruthless hand, While half the city sinks in fire, How he'd the wildly blazing brand. His red right arm, with mighty power, Launched the full instrument of woe; And he, the trembling shower Fours on the humble rook survey!
On the 18th of October, 1811, this young man lost his life in a distressing calamity which occurred at Bombay Hook. The vessel with which he was connected, as mate, on board of which were thirty casks of powder, took fire, and blew up, destroying all on board except one boy. In this closing calamity the intrepidity which marked his whole course of life, was also nobly displayed. The boy stated that he saw the mate, just before the explosion, throwing water upon the binnacle. Destruction seemed inevitable, and he had opportunity, by taking to the water, to save his own life,—but he sacrificed it in the hope that he might do some good to those who were on board. Thus he left the world only three days before arriving at manhood.
The place of his early home has ever awakened pleasant emotions in our memory, and we cannot see the last ruins pass away without some record of his worth.—Portsmouth Jour.
Moralist and Miscellanist.
NATIONAL CHARACTERISTICS.
A general survey of the world and its various races in successive ages, leads one to infer that God has some plan of national character; and that one nation exhibits the development of one trait, while another race gives prominence to another, and subordinates the first. Thus, the Egyptian people were eminently a priestly race, a vast body of undertakers; the Greeks developed the imaginative powers, excelling all others in sculpture, poetry, and art; the Romans were warlike; the Babylonians and Persians magnificent, like the head of gold in the vision; the Arabs predacious, volatile, and imaginative; the Turks stolid, bigoted, and impassable; the Chinese industrious, peaceful, literary, atheistic, and conceited. The same religion and constant intercommunication among European nations, assimilates them more than any other races ever were before; but every one knows the national peculiarities of the Spaniards, Italians, French, English, &c., and how they are maintained, notwithstanding the motives to imitation and coalescence. The comparison of national character and civilization, with the view of ascertaining such a plan, is a subject worthy the profound study of any scholar, and one which would offer new views of the human race. The Chinese
newell estates in Brighton and Newton, at least quadrupled in their value? Have they not shown that the railroad is, by no means, the road to ruin? Do not milk, butter, corn, oats, pork, beef, command remunerating prices, the latter in particular, and when you cannot buy a sirloin in the Quincy market under a shilling a pound? If, occasionally, produce from the interior competes, in our market, with that of farms in the vicinity, does it effect more than a change of use, or of the course of cultivation, and does not the increased size of the market draw in the market-wagon from a larger circle? Or, if any temporary depression occurs, are not farms, in the outskirts of the counties around Boston, more elevated than the adjacent farms are depressed?
What would be the position of the farms around Boston to-day, if our railroads and inland marts had no existence; were we to banish the hundred millions of wealth and the one hundred thousand people which have accumulated in and around it since the first movement in railroads, and send them to New York and New Orleans, where they would have been placed if such movement had not been made? Do the one million of tons moved annually by the railroads out of Boston, doubling once in four years, give no impulse to industry in and around the city; or do these great works of amelioration, which bear industry—the only marketable commodity of the poor man—to the best theatre for its exercise, give no increased value to industry itself?
Does not every house erected in and around the city, and every ship added to its rolls, require nearly an acre of land to supply its immediate demands, and is not every such house and ship a market? And are not every drain, vault and chimney a source of fertility? Are, or are not, the effects which attend the progress of the railroads of Massachusetts, injurious or beneficial to the county of Middlesex, and what are its position and prospects with reference to agriculture?
The effect of railroads, thus far, appears to be, to mitigate the condition of those residing at a distance from seaports, and to elevate the value of their farms and products, without depressing property nearer to the great markets. The increased resources of the interior are illustrated by the fact that, in August last, nearly three millions were subscribed in the country for a short railroad from Manchester to Lawrence, while it took nearly twenty years, and a consumption, to raise three quarters of a million to construct the Middlesex Canal.
MANUFACTURE OF NEEDLES.
Needles go through a number of operations before they are complete. Some commence with steel wire hardened, others harden it afterwards. The wire is first reeled into a coil, which is cut apart in two places with shears, and then drawn a second time; after which it is cut into lengths, just sufficient for two needles in one piece. These pieces are then straightened by rolling a bundle of them together upon a hardened surface, being afterwards sharpened upon a revolving grindstone. The pieces are now cut in two at the middle, the blunt end flattened with a hammer preparatory for the eye, which is afterwards pierced by machinery. They are then polished by plunging them into a bath of melted metal, and immediately after into cold water; then thrown into a wabbler—a barrel rapidly revolving upon an axis not placed in the centre—with emery and putty made of the oxide of tin, by which they are burnished. They are then taken out and separated by a winnowing apparatus, and put in papers for sale—the quantity not being counted, but regulated by weight. The eye was formerly pierced by children, who became so expert, that with one blow of a punch, they would frequently pierce a hole, through which they would thread a hair from the head and hand to their visitors. There are but three manufactories in this country, and one of these imports them from Europe in a half unfinished state, and then finishes them—the European labor being less expensive.
THE BRIDGE OF SIGHS.
BY THOMAS MOORE. 'Drowned! drowned!—Drowned!—Drowned!' They cry from its eminence; Even God's providence Seems estranged. Where the lamps quiver As to her death: Takes her on tenderly.
example of the degradation of human nature, let us look to the low and sordid pursuits and pleasures of men in every rank of life; but if we wish for an example of the Satanic pride, and rebellious independence of the mind of man with respect to God, let us view it in the writings of biblical interpreters. The anxiety of some is not to ascertain the meaning of God's word, but to discover a critical process by which it may be evaded.'
FANNY FORESTER'S BIRD.
We mentioned the other day that a paragraph in the Maumain Free Press announced that a daughter had been born to Mrs. Judson, of the mission at Maumain, formerly well known under her name of Fanny Forester. We are glad to have more decided confirmation of the fact from the lady's own testimony, which is so metrical that there will be any question of its authenticity. The lines which follow, and which bear date, Maumain, January, 1846, (Fanny is at the antipodes, you must remember,) are from the June number of the Columbian Magazine, where they appear under the title of 'My Bird.'—Traveller.
Ere last year's moon had left the sky, A birdling sought my Indian nest, And asked, oh, so lovingly: Her tiny wings upon my breast. From morn till evening's purple tinge, In whimsome helplessness she lies, Two rose leaves, with sullen fringe, Shut softly on her starry eyes. There's not in all a lovelier bird; Broad earth owns not a happier nest; O, God, thou hast a fountain stirred, Whose waters never more shall rest!
SALADIN.—When on his dying bed, he commanded that a sheet should be borne before him to his grave on the point of a spear, and these words proclaimed:—These are the glorious spoils which Saladin carries with him! Of all his victories and triumphs—of all his riches and the realms he possessed, nothing now remains but his winding-sheet.
TO TRANSFER ENGRAVINGS TO WHITE PAPER.—Place the engravings for a few seconds over iodine vapor. Dip a slip of white paper in a solution of starch, and, when dry, in a weak solution of oil of vitriol. When dry, lay the slip upon the engraving, and place them for a few minutes under a press. The engraving will thus be re-produced in all its delicacy and finish. The iodine has the property of fixing on the black parts or ink of the engraving, and not on the white. This important discovery is yet in its infancy.—The Builder.
BEST PRESERVATIVE.—When a young man has acquired a love of reading, and of course, a healthy relish for intellectual pleasures, he has become possessed of one of the best preservatives against dissipation.
Religion should be the garment worn next to the heart—so many people make a cloak of it.
Walter I. Frost, IMPORTER AND DEALER IN Housekeeping Hardware and Cutlery, NO. 183 WASHINGTON STREET, (Opposite Bromfield St., Boston.) Warranted Hemming & Some best Dilled-eyed NEEDLES.
Matthew Bolles, STOCK, EXCHANGE, AND MONEY BROKER, NO. 50 STATE STREET, AND CORNER OF MERCHANTS ROW. Favorable investments made for professional men.
Dr. J. K. Palmer's PURGATIVE CORDIAL. THIS CORDIAL is recommended for Family use, as a pleasant, safe, and effective Cathartic. It is a purely Vegetable Compound, containing the concentrated juices of various fruits and other vegetable substances, so combined as to not only cleanse the Stomach and Bowels, by purging, but it regulates the Digestive Organs, purifies the Blood, invigorates the circulation, and gives tone and energy to the Nervous System. The Cordial can be taken with safety by persons of the most delicate constitution, from whatever source, and invariably produces sound sleep.
The Purgative Cordial is a sure remedy for Nervous Dyspepsia, Biliousness, Headache, Nervous and Hypochondriacal Affections, Loss of Appetite, Colic, Gout, &c., and all Bilious complaints. It is a most valuable medicine, and will be found highly interesting to the public. Sold also by A. Littlefield, 10 and 11 United States Hotel; H. W. Lincoln, corner of Washington and Castle streets; and Dr. Henschen, corner of Cambridge and Cambridge streets.
Dr. J. K. Palmer's COMPOUND SYRUP OF BLOOD-ROOT. THIS MEDICINE is a new and united preparation, not merely to be sold, but as a remedy which has been found highly interesting to the public. It is a most valuable medicine, and will be found highly interesting to the public. Sold also by A. Littlefield, 10 and 11 United States Hotel; H. W. Lincoln, corner of Washington and Castle streets; and Dr. Henschen, corner of Cambridge and Cambridge streets.
Dr. J. K. Palmer's WINE OF QUININE AND IRON. THIS is an elegant preparation of the two great Tonics, Quinine and Iron, in a form which is highly palatable and easily assimilated by the system. It is a most valuable medicine, and will be found highly interesting to the public. Sold also by A. Littlefield, 10 and 11 United States Hotel; H. W. Lincoln, corner of Washington and Castle streets; and Dr. Henschen, corner of Cambridge and Cambridge streets.
Spring Goods! JUST RECEIVED AND ARE NOW OPENING AT BREWER'S CARPET STORE, NO. 28 COURT STREET, A LARGE AND FULL SUPPLY OF CARPETINGS, of all the various kinds usually sold in this city, consisting of TAPESTRY VELVET, and FENESTRY PERSIAN, English, and American Brussels, THREE-PLY and Superfine and Common INGRAIN CARPETS! STAIR CARPETS, of all kinds and widths—FIGURED BOCKINGS, &c. Also, a large and splendid assortment of Painted Carpets, of all widths, which will be cut to any size for Rooms, Halls, Corridors, &c. The above Goods will be sold at the LOWEST Market Prices. Purchasers are invited to call and examine before buying higher priced elsewhere.
Carpets. ONE of the largest and perhaps the most choice stock of CARPETING in the market, embracing all the latest and most beautiful patterns, and which have been tested for durability in fabric and color. TAPESTRY, BRUSSELS, THREE PLY SUPERFINE AND MEDIUM QUALITIES, MANUFACTURED TO ORDER IN NEW PATTERNS, Adapted to Parlors, Basements and Chambers. PAINTED FLOOR CLOTHS, For Dining Rooms, Entries, Stairs, Cellars, Railroad Cars, &c. Straw Mattings, Stair Ropes, Window Shades and Fixtures. COTTON AND WOOLLEN BOCKINGS, From 1 1/4 to 3 yards wide. RUGS, MATS, &c., To which the attention of purchasers at wholesale or retail is respectfully solicited. AT THE HANOVER STREET Carpet Warehouse, Corner of Blackstone street, by WM. P. TENNY.
Improved Ventilating Hot-Air Furnace. FOR HEATING CHURCHES, DWELLINGS, SCHOOL-HOUSES, STORES, AND PUBLIC BUILDINGS. HAVING recently constructed, tested, and proved a new and powerful Ventilating Hot-Air Furnace, on an entirely new principle, we are now prepared to furnish Builders, or Contractors, an article equal, in every respect, to any ever before offered, and at a reasonable term. The heat is so generated and applied as to require the consumption of but a small quantity of fuel to drive through the apartment a mild and gentle temperature, free from all gas, or the unpleasant smells arising from the air coming in contact with the over-heated furnace. It is simple in construction, easily managed, and durable in all its parts. Purchasers are respectfully invited to call and examine for themselves, or to send their orders to the undersigned, who will be found at an extensive assortment of Cooking, Parlor, and Office Stoves, of the most approved patterns in use, for sale at the lowest prices. DAVID PROUTY & CO. Paxton Vapor Bath ESTABLISHMENT, CORNER OF MIDDLE AND CROSS STREETS. THIS Institution is located in one of the most delightful routes in New England, forty-nine miles from Boston, on the upper road to Fort Edward. It is a pleasant resort for invalids during the warm season, as it is not affected with the east winds nor for the sea-sickness. The Institution is under the direction of Dr. M. MILLS, Esq., and the Williams' Medical , Sulphur , Purine , Iodine and Plain Vapor Baths , at reasonable rates. It will be found highly interesting to the public. Reference can be given to some of our most eminent physicians in Boston and vicinity; also many other highly respectable individuals who have been cured of various diseases. It will be found highly interesting to the public. Sold also by A. Littlefield, 10 and 11 United States Hotel; H. W. Lincoln, corner of Washington and Castle streets; and Dr. Henschen, corner of Cambridge and Cambridge streets.
Dr. J. K. Palmer's PURGATIVE CORDIAL. THIS CORDIAL is recommended for Family use, as a pleasant, safe, and effective Cathartic. It is a purely Vegetable Compound, containing the concentrated juices of various fruits and other vegetable substances, so combined as to not only cleanse the Stomach and Bowels, by purging, but it regulates the Digestive Organs, purifies the Blood, invigorates the circulation, and gives tone and energy to the Nervous System. The Cordial can be taken with safety by persons of the most delicate constitution, from whatever source, and invariably produces sound sleep.
The Purgative Cordial is a sure remedy for Nervous Dyspepsia, Biliousness, Headache, Nervous and Hypochondriacal Affections, Loss of Appetite, Colic, Gout, &c., and all Bilious complaints. It is a most valuable medicine, and will be found highly interesting to the public. Sold also by A. Littlefield, 10 and 11 United States Hotel; H. W. Lincoln, corner of Washington and Castle streets; and Dr. Henschen, corner of Cambridge and Cambridge streets.
Dr. J. K. Palmer's COMPOUND SYRUP OF BLOOD-ROOT. THIS MEDICINE is a new and united preparation, not merely to be sold, but as a remedy which has been found highly interesting to the public. It is a most valuable medicine, and will be found highly interesting to the public. Sold also by A. Littlefield, 10 and 11 United States Hotel; H. W. Lincoln, corner of Washington and Castle streets; and Dr. Henschen, corner of Cambridge and Cambridge streets.
Dr. J. K. Palmer's WINE OF QUININE AND IRON. THIS is an elegant preparation of the two great Tonics, Quinine and Iron, in a form which is highly palatable and easily assimilated by the system. It is a most valuable medicine, and will be found highly interesting to the public. Sold also by A. Littlefield, 10 and 11 United States Hotel; H. W. Lincoln, corner of Washington and Castle streets; and Dr. Henschen, corner of Cambridge and Cambridge streets.
Dr. J. K. Palmer's WINE OF QUININE AND IRON. THIS is an elegant preparation of the two great Tonics, Quinine and Iron, in a form which is highly palatable and easily assimilated by the system. It is a most valuable medicine, and will be found highly interesting to the public. Sold also by A. Littlefield, 10 and 11 United States Hotel; H. W. Lincoln, corner of Washington and Castle streets; and Dr. Henschen, corner of Cambridge and Cambridge streets.
Salamander Safes. G. W. ADAMS & CO., SMITH and MACHINISTS, manufacture and keep constantly for sale a superior article of SALAMANDER SAFES. These Safes are put together in the most substantial and workmanlike manner, and cannot be destroyed by fire, being lined with a perfect non-conducting substance, and are free from all dampness. MANUFACTURE SAVAGES'S PATENT DERRICK-BOOM STEEL CUP CISTERN'S IMPROVED CRACKER MACHINE—Wesson Engine and Machinery in all its branches, done to order. Particular attention paid to making every variety of Iron Fence and Balcony Railings, Iron Doors, Shutters, Gratings, Sash and Window Sash, generally. G. W. ADAMS & CO., Corner of Causeway and Friend streets. NAT'L. OBSERV. BOSTON, MAY 15, 1847.
Mrs. E. Kidder's DYSENTERY CORDIAL, AN IMMEDIATE AND PERFECT CURE FOR CHOLERA MORBUS, DYSENTERY, DIARRHOEA, SUMMER COMPLAINTS OF CHILDREN, STOMACH AND LIVER, GENERAL DEBILITY, &c., &c. WHERE this all-powerful antidote is at hand, Cholera, Dysentery, and all the other ailments of the summer season, are looked upon with terror—as this Cordial will most assuredly cure the disease in the course of a very few hours, if taken at the commencement. It has been before the public for more than sixteen years, and was the first antidote for Cholera Morbus, and has been used with success in every country and every climate, and its effect has every where proved the truth of the assertion, that the disease is looked upon with terror—as this Cordial will most assuredly cure the disease in the course of a very few hours, if taken at the commencement. Cholera and Common Cholera Morbus. This Cordial immediately checks the vomiting, relieves the pain, stops the Diarrhoea, and restores the bowels to a perfectly natural state. It is a most valuable medicine, and will be found highly interesting to the public. Sold also by A. Littlefield, 10 and 11 United States Hotel; H. W. Lincoln, corner of Washington and Castle streets; and Dr. Henschen, corner of Cambridge and Cambridge streets.
CHOLERA INFANTUM. It has saved the lives of many thousand Children when reduced to death by this complaint; it gives them immediate relief, and they very soon recover. SEA SICKNESS. It is a most pleasant and desirable remedy for Sea Sickness. It checks the vomiting, and readily restores the patient. It invariably cures vomiting, produces sleep, and gives the patient a good appetite. CHILDREN THAT ARE TEETHING. If the bowels are kept regular and kept off the Canker, it is a most valuable medicine, and will be found highly interesting to the public. Sold also by A. Littlefield, 10 and 11 United States Hotel; H. W. Lincoln, corner of Washington and Castle streets; and Dr. Henschen, corner of Cambridge and Cambridge streets.
CAUTION. Beware of those impositions which are daily palmed upon the public, as the genuine article. The Williams' Medical , Sulphur , Purine , Iodine and Plain Vapor Baths , at reasonable rates. It will be found highly interesting to the public. Sold also by A. Littlefield, 10 and 11 United States Hotel; H. W. Lincoln, corner of Washington and Castle streets; and Dr. Henschen, corner of Cambridge and Cambridge streets.
Organs for Sale. SUMMERS & MCINTIRE, 47 and 49 Canalsway St., Boston, have just received from the factory, a new and improved Organ, of superior workmanship and tone, containing from one to five stops. From our intimate acquaintance with every kind of Organ made, we can recommend it as a most valuable instrument, and one of the most modern improvements of real value. Therefore, for protection of tone and mechanism, and clearance of exterior, our instruments are not to be compared with any others. EVERY INSTRUMENT WARRANTED FIRST RATE, packed free of expense, and furnished with a full set of pipes, for which it will be sold.
PRICES EXTREMELY MODERATE. Old Organs taken in exchange. Satisfactory reference furnished when desired. SECOND HAND ORGAN FOR SALE, being in excellent condition, containing ten stops in the great organ, and five stops in the swell organ, coupled, &c. So very fine a tone and elegant an instrument is seldom found, and will be sold at a very low price, for which it will be sold. N. B. Tuning and regulating attended to with promptness. Piano Forte Manufactory. THE subscribers, having removed from their old stand, 49 and 51 Washington street, where they have been located for about twenty years, to their new building on the corner of State and Washington streets, have the pleasure to inform their friends and patrons that they have introduced in their piano forte, besides having the exclusive right, for this season, of the new and improved Pianino, or Square Piano, which is a most beautiful instrument, which continues to receive unqualified commendation from those who have tested its merits. They have also just received from the factory, a new and improved Organ, of superior workmanship and tone, containing from one to five stops. From our intimate acquaintance with every kind of Organ made, we can recommend it as a most valuable instrument, and one of the most modern improvements of real value. Therefore, for protection of tone and mechanism, and clearance of exterior, our instruments are not to be compared with any others. EVERY INSTRUMENT WARRANTED FIRST RATE, packed free of expense, and furnished with a full set of pipes, for which it will be sold.
Great Sale CROCKERY & GLASS WARES. IN CONSEQUENCE OF RE-BUILDING, the large stock of Crockery, Glass, China, and other articles, will be sold at reduced prices, for cash only, to the lowest cash prices. Sold also by A. Littlefield, 10 and 11 United States Hotel; H. W. Lincoln, corner of Washington and Castle streets; and Dr. Henschen, corner of Cambridge and Cambridge streets.
EPHRAIM B. MASON, No. 24 HANOVER STREET, BOSTON. This offers an extraordinary opportunity for Families and Hotel Keepers to supply themselves with such goods at very favorable prices, as it is intended to sell out THE WHOLE OF THE EXTENSIVE STOCK—priced without reference to the cost. This is one of the largest retail stores in the city, and the goods mainly imported by importers.
Whitwell's Aromatic Snuff, FOR HEADACHE AND CATARRH. The Williams' Aromatic Snuff has, by experience, been found not liable to the objections so often urged against the use of common snuff. Its flavor is fragrant and delightful, the effect pleasing and salutary. It cures the headache, and is a most valuable medicine, and will be found highly interesting to the public. Sold also by A. Littlefield, 10 and 11 United States Hotel; H. W. Lincoln, corner of Washington and Castle streets; and Dr. Henschen, corner of Cambridge and Cambridge streets.
Whitwell's Concentrated Fluid Extract of Bitter Roots. For Dyspepsia, Jaundice, Fever and Ague, Flatulence, Langour and Debility, Headache, and all Nervous Complaints, Biliousness of Bile, &c. It is a most valuable medicine, and will be found highly interesting to the public. Sold also by A. Littlefield, 10 and 11 United States Hotel; H. W. Lincoln, corner of Washington and Castle streets; and Dr. Henschen, corner of Cambridge and Cambridge streets.
Whitwell's only True and Original Opodeldoc. This article is considered by the first physicians in the U. States to rank higher than any other composition in existence for the following complaints, &c. Rheumatism, Gout, Rheumatism, Cramp, Numbness, Weakness, or stiffness of the Joints, Chilblains, Chapped Hands, Stings of Insects, Venereal Ulcers, &c., &c., &c. IT IS SERIOUSLY CALLED FOR. The public have long been most greatly imposed upon by apocryphal and worthless imitations of this excellent and original composition. They are made by various persons in their own names, and by pedlers scattered all over the country, and so long as they are purchased, the original article is not sold. It is the public, therefore, who are to blame, and not the makers—and should this state of things continue, the best medicine in the world will be in the situation of a rare and valuable book, which is not sold, and its consequence, the great number of counterfeiters. In medicine, every one under its serious impression to the substitute for the first article had not become celebrated, there would have been no imitations. Independent of this, there is a constant collision and rivalry among the imitators, each striving to outdo the other, the worst and cheapest materials have necessarily been employed, and they have nothing but the name left to recommend them. The original article, on the contrary, has never varied in quality, and is as good as ever, in every respect, quite a different article from any of the imitations. Among the numerous certificates in the possession of the proprietor, he will only select the following: From the Hon. Samuel L. Mitchell, M. D., LL. D., Professor of Botany and Materia Medica in the College of Physicians in the State of New York. Sir:—The receipt contained in your letter for a composition to be used in the place of Opodeldoc, appears to me to contain a number of good ingredients. The articles enumerated in your letter are articles of art, and I make no doubt will be good in combination. I possessed your preparation, I should prescribe it freely for external application. For internal use, I think it must be an excellent thing. I wish you those who may use it success and comfort with it. I am truly yours, SAMUEL L. MITCHELL.
Whitwell's Aromatic Snuff, FOR HEADACHE AND CATARRH. The Williams' Aromatic Snuff has, by experience, been found not liable to the objections so often urged against the use of common snuff. Its flavor is fragrant and delightful, the effect pleasing and salutary. It cures the headache, and is a most valuable medicine, and will be found highly interesting to the public. Sold also by A. Littlefield, 10 and 11 United States Hotel; H. W. Lincoln, corner of Washington and Castle streets; and Dr. Henschen, corner of Cambridge and Cambridge streets.
Whitwell's Concentrated Fluid Extract of Bitter Roots. For Dyspepsia, Jaundice, Fever and Ague, Flatulence, Langour and Debility, Headache, and all Nervous Complaints, Biliousness of Bile, &c. It is a most valuable medicine, and will be found highly interesting to the public. Sold also by A. Littlefield, 10 and 11 United States Hotel; H. W. Lincoln, corner of Washington and Castle streets; and Dr. Henschen, corner of Cambridge and Cambridge streets.
Whitwell's Medicated Candy. This Candy has been in extensive use for more than twenty years, and has been found highly interesting to the public. It is a most valuable medicine, and will be found highly interesting to the public. Sold also by A. Littlefield, 10 and 11 United States Hotel; H. W. Lincoln, corner of Washington and Castle streets; and Dr. Henschen, corner of Cambridge and Cambridge streets.
Temperance Bitters. Whitwell's Concentrated Fluid Extract of Bitter Roots. For Dyspepsia, Jaundice, Fever and Ague, Flatulence, Langour and Debility, Headache, and all Nervous Complaints, Biliousness of Bile, &c. It is a most valuable medicine, and will be found highly interesting to the public. Sold also by A. Littlefield, 10 and 11 United States Hotel; H. W. Lincoln, corner of Washington and Castle streets; and Dr. Henschen, corner of Cambridge and Cambridge streets.
Whitwell's Medicated Candy. This Candy has been in extensive use for more than twenty years, and has been found highly interesting to the public. It is a most valuable medicine, and will be found highly interesting to the public. Sold also by A. Littlefield, 10 and 11 United States Hotel; H. W. Lincoln, corner of Washington and Castle streets; and Dr. Henschen, corner of Cambridge and Cambridge streets.
The Persian Compound. This is a most valuable medicine, and will be found highly interesting to the public. Sold also by A. Littlefield, 10 and 11 United States Hotel; H. W. Lincoln, corner of Washington and Castle streets; and Dr. Henschen, corner of Cambridge and Cambridge streets.
Whitwell's Medicated Candy. This Candy has been in extensive use for more than twenty years, and has been found highly interesting to the public. It is a most valuable medicine, and will be found highly interesting to the public. Sold also by A. Littlefield, 10 and 11 United States Hotel; H. W. Lincoln, corner of Washington and Castle streets; and Dr. Henschen, corner of Cambridge and Cambridge streets.

5.914 Dist. of Maine.
Casper Hooper,
of Somerset Co 4 in the state of Massachusetts who was a mariner in the regiment commanded by Colonel onboard of the ship Warren , for the term of 15 months, Capt Hopkins Navy.
inscribed on the Roll of Dist. of Maine , at the rate of 8 Dollars per month, to commence on the 23. of April, 1818.
Certificate of Pension issued the 27. of Nov r 1819. and sent to R. C. Vose, Esq; Augusta, Dist. of Maine.
Arrears to 4th of Sept r 1819. $: 131.20 Semi-ann. all ce ending 4 March } 48. " 16 mo. 12 30. } 1820. } $: 179.20.
72-20
{ Revolutionary claim, } { Act 18th March, 1818. }
Somerset
Continue

Notification sent July 20 th 1820 to Robert C. Wood, Augusta, Maine

N o 52 Casper Hooper Anson
15,914
March 1820
Robert C. Vose August Maine

State of Maine.
Somerset KENNEBEC COUNTY, ss.
ON this twenty ninth day of June , 1820, personally appeared before Nathan Weston Junior Chief Justice of the Circuit Court of Common Pleas, for the Counties of Lincoln, Kennebec and Somerset, being a Court of Record for said Counties, proceeding according to the course of the common law, having original jurisdiction, unlimited in amount, keeping a record of their proceedings, and having the power of fine and imprisonment, Casper Hooper aged seventy two years , resident in Anson in the County of Somerset within said Circuit, who being first duly sworn according to law, doth, on his oath, declare that he served in the Revolutionary war as follows, viz. in the Company commanded by Captain and Regiment commanded by Colonel of the line of the State of upon the Continental Establishment, for the period of fifteen months on board the ship Warren commodore Hopkins
that his original declaration was made before Judge Weston on the twenty second day of April 1818; that he is now on the Pension Roll, and that his pension certificate is numbered 15.914 . And I, the said Casper Hooper do further solemnly swear, that I was a resident citizen of the United States, on the eighteenth day of March, one thousand eight hundred and eighteen; and that I have not, since that time, by gift, sale, or in any manner whatever, disposed of my property, or any part thereof, with intent thereby so to diminish it as to bring myself within the provisions of an act of Congress, entitled, "An Act to provide for certain persons engaged in the land and naval service of the United States, in the Revolutionary War," passed on the eighteenth day of March, one thousand eight hundred and eighteen; and that I have not, nor has any person in trust for me, any property or securities, contracts or debts, due to me; nor have I any income, other than what is contained in the schedule hereto annexed, and by me subscribed.
Witness N. Weston J.
his Casper X Hooper mark.
The following is a Schedule of my whole Estate and income, necessary clothing and bedding excepted, viz: I have no property or income whatever except old furniture to the amount of five dollars. I am now upon a sick bed and am unable to rise or move, my family consists of myself; my wife Lydia aged sixty years; my son Amos aged eighteen and my daughter Anna aged sixteen.
Witness N. Weston J.
his Casper X Hooper mark.
Subscribed, sworn to and declared, both the oath and schedule on the twenty ninth day of June 1820 Before me Nathan Weston J. C.C.P. E. G. Lunt

State of Maine.
I William Albury Clerk, for the County of Somerset of the Circuit Court of Common Pleas for the second Eastern Circuit, embracing the counties of Lincoln, Kennebec and Somerset, do hereby certify, that the foregoing oath and the Schedule thereto annexed, are truly copied from the record of the said Court; and that the original was exhibited in open Court; and I do further certify that it is the opinion of the said Court, that the total amount in value of the property exhibited in the aforesaid Schedule, including debts due to the declarant therein stated, is five dollars and 0 cents; and deducting therefrom the amount of what the declarant owes, as set forth in said Schedule, the value of said property in the opinion of said Court, is five dollars and 0 cents.
In testimony whereof, I have hereunto set my hand, and affixed the seal of the said Court, on this first day of July 1820.
William Albury , Clerk of said Court for the County of Somerset

Casper Hooper, of Somerset County Maine Mariner, Ship Warren Com. Hopkins - March 1778 to July 1779
15 Months
April 23. 1818
Proof-
Dyre Loomis
David Moore
Admitted.
R. C. Vose atty
Augusta Maine

Commonwealth of Massachusetts
I Casper Hooper aged seventy one years, a native of Germany, but resident in the U. States for forty two years, and now of Anson in the District of Maine, upon oath testify and declare, that in March 1778 I shipped as a mariner for the cruise on board the Continental Ship Warren, of thirty four guns, Commodore Hopkins commander, in the war of the revolution, against the common enemy. We sailed in the same month and cruised along the coast, but took no prizes and returned to Boston in the fall. I continued on board the ship, and in the month of February 1779 we again sailed, and off Cape Henry took the British ship Jason of twenty guns, and seven British merchantmen and returned to Boston. We again sailed on the expedition to Penobscot where the ship Warren was burnt I think in July 1779 and I with the other mariners fled across the country to Hembec, enduring great hardships for the want of provisions in the wilderness. I served as a mariner on board the said ship Warren in continuation fifteen months.
From my reduced circumstances, I need the assistance of my country for support. And I do hereby relinquish all my claim to every pension heretofore allowed me by the U. States, if any, and request to be placed on the pension list for the District of Maine.
Casper his X Hooper mark
Commonwealth of Massachusetts
Kennebec County ss on the 28 day of April A.D. 1818. The above named Casper Hooper, made application to receive his declaration under Oath, on the 21 st September 1819, he made oath to the above declaration by him subscribed the same being first read to him and he subscribed his mark — Before me
Nathan Weston Jun C. J. C.C.C. Pleas —

I Dyre Lammeras, aged sixty two years, upon oath testify and declare, that I was a marine on board the Ship Warren within mentioned from early in September 1778 to late in June 1779. I well knew Casper Hooper within named. He served as a marine on board said ship with me, and I left him in June 1779 still serving on board the same ship; and I have no doubt he served the whole period by him within stated. Dyre Lammeras
Commonwealth of Massachusetts Kennebec ss. On the 21. Sept r 1819 Dyre Lammeras above named, being a credible and disinterested witness, made oath to the truth of the above deposition by him subscribed. Before me. Nathan Weston Jun C. J. C. C. C. Phas
I David Moore a pensioner under the late law of Congress, and now a resident in Pittston Maine do solemnly and sincerely affirm and declare, that I served on board the Ship Warren, Com. Hopkins the cruise before the within named Casper Hooper, served. I well knew that there were several of Burgoyne's men so called, who entered on board the Ship Warren, and I can have no doubt the said Hooper did leave as he has within stated. I am well acquainted with Dyre Lammeras above named, who was also a Marine on board the Ship Warren.
David Moore (Kennebec) ss on the 28 th day of Sept. 1819.
David Moore, above named, being a credible and disinterested witness, made solemn affirmation to the truth of the above deposition by him subscribed. Before me
Robert C. Vose Justice of the Peace
Robert C. Vose, Esquire, is a Justice of the Peace, for the County of Kennebec, and the deponent is in my opinion a credible and disinterested witness.
Nathan Weston Jun C. J. C. C. C. Phas

Commonwealth of Massachusetts.
To the Honorable the Secretary of the Department of War of the United States.
I the subscriber, being Chief Justice of the Circuit Court of Common Pleas, for the Second Eastern Circuit of Massachusetts, embracing the Counties of Lincoln, Kennebec and Somerset, do hereby certify to your Honor that Casper Hooper , citizen of the United States, now resident in Anson, in said county of Somerset, in the District of Maine, on the twenty third day of April, A.D. 1818 , made application to me to receive his declaration under oath, and such other evidence, as was in his power to produce; and to transmit the same, and the proceedings had thereon, to your Honor, that he might be placed on the pension list of the United States, agreeably to the provisions of an Act, entitled "An Act to provide for certain persons engaged in the land and naval service of the United States in the revolutionary war," passed March 18, A.D. 1818 which declaration, and the other evidence produced by the said applicant, is herunto annexed.
And I do further certify to your Honor, that after a full examination of the said applicant, and a careful consideration of the evidence in the case, it appears to me that the said applicant did serve as a mariner in the war of the war of the revolution, against the common enemy, upon the continental establishment for more than nine months, as stated in his declaration aforesaid; and that from his reduced circumstances, he needs the assistance of his country for support.
In Testimony whereof, I have hereunto set my hand, and caused the Seal of the Court in which I preside, to be hereunto affixed, this tenth day of November in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and eighteen.
Nathan Weston Jun C.J. C.C.C. Plus

Commonwealth of Massachusetts.
KENNEBEC, ss.
THE Subscriber, Clerk of all the Judicial Courts, held within the said County of Kennebec, hereby certifies, that the Honorable NATHAN WESTON, Junior, Esquire, before whom the annexed proceedings were held, is Chief Justice of the Circuit Court of Common Pleas, for the Second Eastern Circuit of Massachusetts, embracing the Counties of Lincoln, Kennebec and Somerset ; and that by the direction of the said Judge, I have affixed unto his Certificate bearing his signature, the seal of the said Court in which he presides.
In testimony whereof, I have hereunto set my hand : Dated at Augusta, in said County of Kennebec, this tenth day of November in the year of our Lord, one thousand eight hundred and ninety
John Davis

In reply to your request of _____, received _____ for a statement of the military history of Casper Hooper a soldier of the REVOLUTIONARY WAR, you will find below the desired information as contained in his ( on his widow's ) application for pen- sion on file in this Bureau. S. 35,420
   DATES OF ENLISTMENT OR APPOINTMENT. LENGTH OF SERVICE. RANK. OFFICERS UNDER WHOM SERVICE WAS RENDERED. STATE.   CAPTAIN. COLONEL.     Mch. 1778 15 mos. Seaman Commodore Hopkins ship "Warren" Navy.    captured the "Jason" + seven merchantmen off Cape Henry  sailed in expedition to Penobscot where the "Warren" was burned  to escape falling into the enemy's hands & crew fled to Kennebec   
Battles engaged in, see above.
Residence of soldier at enlistment,  Shipped at Boston, Mass.
Date of application for pension, Apr. 23, 1818. His claim was allowed.
Residence at date of application, Anson, District of Maine.
Age at date of application, 71 years a native of Germany res. of the
Remarks: U.S. for 42 years.
In 1820 he referred to his wife Lydia ae 60 yrs. + childn. Amos ae 18 yrs.  + Anna 16 yrs.
Respectfully,
Commissioner.

1915 June 23. Hist. to B. F. Walker. p
Invalid
File No. 35420
Casper Hooper Manner Ship "Warren" N.P.N. Per War
Act March 18. 1818.
Index: Vol. _____, Page _____
[Arrangement of 1870.]

Rev Sec C
Anson June 17, 1915
The United States Pension Bureau:—
I would like the record of Casper Hooper a Revolutionary Soldier. After the war he settled in Anson, Maine. I think he was in the battle of Bunker Hill and was a pensioner.
I would like his army record and to find out his nationality.
Respectfully Yours,
B. F. Walker,
Anson,
Maine.