Revolutionary War Pension and Bounty Land Warrant Application File S. 3188, James Cooley, N.C.

SERVICE
NUMBER _____
N. 6.
Cooley, James or Cooley
S. 3188
Born in Va.
carded
CONTENTS

25330 West Tennessee
James Cooley
Humphrypton the State of Tennessee who was a private in the com d commanded by Captain Powell of the reg t commanded by Col. Lincoln in the Abnerima line for 2 years
Enscribed on the Roll of West Tennessee at the rate of 80 Dollars — Cents per annum, to commence on the 4th day of March, 1831.
Certificate of Pension issued the 26 day of Dec r 1833 and Hon. Gov t Johnson ATB
Arrears to the 4th of Sept r 200.00 Semi-ant. allowance ending 4 March 40.00 $240.00
{ Revolutionary Claim, } { Act June 7, 1832. }
Recorded by David Boyd Clerk, Book 6 Vol. 7 Page 45

Declaration
In order to obtain the benefit of the act of Congress of the seventh of June Eighteen hundred and thirty two.
State of Tennessee. Humphreys County. On this 18 th day of September 1833 personally appeared in Open Court, before the Honorable John W. Cook Judge etc. of the Circuit Court in and for the State aforesaid James Cooley a Resident of said County and State aged seventy four years on the 16 th day of April now last past according to the Record of ages kept by his Father in his said Father's family and as he the said James Cooley always has and now believes, who being first duly sworn according to Law, doth on his oath make the following declaration in order to obtain the provision of the benefit of the act of provision made by the act of Congress passed the 7 th of June 1832. That he Enlisted in the service of the United States, in the year 1778. under Capt. J. Powell (as a private), In whose company, Paddy Martin was Lieutenant, and Benj. Carpenter Ensign; the Regiment to whom we were attached was commanded by Col. Nicholas Long. That he Enlisted as aforesaid in Halifax County in the state of North Carolina. He states that he marched about in the state of North Carolina for some time guarding the magazine at Halifax and the British prisoners; they were marched in some part of Virginia and had a fight with the British at Roanoke River near Halifax and they Remained at Halifax and in

in that part of the country until we were discharged after the service of three years had expired for which he had enlisted, - he received a discharge signed (as he believes) by Captain Kirt, said discharge was burned by accident, by his mother, through mistake, she thinking at the time it was another paper, -
he again in the year 1781 volunteered his service as a horseman on Linn Creek in the state of North Carolina under Col. Linton, but did not perform any service, in consequence of no call being then made for us. He states that in his first service his Captain Powell was taken prisoner at Halifax but how or when he was released he does not know. He states that he was born in the state of Virginia, Removed from there into the state of North Carolina, from there he moved into this county where he has been residing for the last 26 years - he knows of no living witness by whom he can prove his service, nor has he any documentary evidence of the same he hereby Relinquishes every claim whatever to a pension or annuity except the present and he declares that his name is not on the pension Roll of any agency in any state.
Sworn to and subscribed
the day and year aforesaid
D. P. Henderson Clerk
James Scoddy his mark

Questions, propounded by the Count to respondent James Bealy.
1 st Where and in what year were you born
Ans. I was born 175-8. (I think) in Charles Madison  later County in the State of Virginia -
2 nd Have you any Record of your age and if so when is it
Ans. I have no Record of my age kept in my family but well Recollect how it was kept by my Father in his family bible
3 rd Where were you living when you were called into the service; where have you lived since the Revolutionary war, and where do you now live.
Ans. When I enlisted I went into service & lived in Halifax County North Carolina, & moved from there into Montgomery County, Tennessee, & lived there about 12 years, & then moved into Humphreys County Tennessee, where I now live -
4 th How were you called into service; were you drafted did you volunteer, or were you a substitute, and if a substitute for whom
Ans. I was Enlisted for three years. —
5 th State the names of some of the Regular officers who were with the troops when you served; such continental and militia Regiments as you can Recollect, and the general circumstances of your services
Ans. Col. Nicholas Long, Majr. Hog, Capt. Powell Lieutenant Paddy Marlow -

6 th Did you ever Receive a discharge from the service and if so by whom or as it given and what has become of it
Ans. I Received a discharge from the service given by Capt. Joseph Reid, which was burned about 48 or 49 years ago by my Mother
7 th State the names of persons to whom you are known in your present neighborhood and who can testify as to your character for veracity and their belief of your service as a soldier of the Revolution.
Ans. Robert Dunlap, Martin Carter, Lewis Hitchcock, John Thompson and many others. —
Sworn to in open court Sept 18 th 1833
James Steele
Clerk J. P. Hudson D. Clerk

We John Thompson and Robert Dunlop Residing in Humphreys County in the state of Tennessee do hereby certify that we are well acquainted with James Beasley who has subscribed and sworn to the foregoing declaration and that we believe him to be 75 years of age that he is Reputed and believed in the neighborhood where he Resides to have been a soldier of the Revolution and we concur in that opinion - sworn to and subscribed this day 4 year aforesaid -
Lesd D. P. Hudson Clerk John Thompson
Robert Dunlop
I John M. Cooke presiding judge of the 5 th Judicial Circuit, in the County of Humphreys, do hereby certify my opinion to be after an investigation of the matter and after hearing the witnesses, pronounced by the War Department that the above named James Beasley was a soldier of the Revolution and served as such state, and I further certify that John Thompson & Robert Dunlop who signed the preceding certificate are residents of Humphreys County and are credible persons and that their statements are entitled to due faith & credence and the court forth certifies that there is no probable cause of office for this cause J. M. Cooke one of the judges of the state of Tennessee

I Thomas B. Henderson Clerk of the circuit court for Humphreys County in the state of Tennessee do hereby certify that the foregoing contains the true and full proceedings of said court in the matter of the application of James Coley for a pension. In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand and affixed seal having no seal of office this 20th day of January 1833
Sealed
Thomas B. Henderson Clerk By his deputy D. P. Henderson
[Faint, mirrored text from the reverse side of the page]
James Coley Harrison Tenn
1833 74 1758

Washington December 22 nd 1833
The Certificate of the Clerk of the Circuit Courts of Humphreys County, and the signature thereto is in the proper hand writing of Dawson G. Hudson, who was at the time of signing the same the acting Deputy Clerk of the Circuit Court of Humphreys County - Dawson was acquainted with the Deputy Clerk His hand writing
William G. Hudson

c No 23016
James Boles Humphreys County Tennessee
W. N. Hill
from 1778 private 3 yrs $80.
get out W. N. Hill's certificate and file with these papers
C Johnson's Certificate on Declaration
D. P. Hudson (Reynoldsburg), Tennessee

WAR DEPARTMENT,
Pension Office,
27 June 1833
Sir:
The evidence in support of your claim, under the act of June 7, 1832, has been examined, and the papers are herewith returned. The following is a statement of your case in a tabular form. On comparing these papers with the following rules, and the subjoined notes, you will readily perceive that objections exist, which must be removed, before a pension can be allowed. The notes and the regulations will shew what is necessary to be done. Those points to which your attention is more particularly directed, you will find marked in the margin with a brace, (thus: { ). You will, when you return your papers to this Department, send this printed letter with them; and you will, by complying with this request, greatly facilitate the investigation of your claim.
A Statement, shewing the Service of James Coley Humphrey County Tennessee
   Period when the service was rendered. Duration of the claimant's service. Rank of the claimant. Names and Rank of the Company officers under whom he served. Names and Rank of the General and Field officers. Battles in which the applicant was engaged. Country through which he marched. Place of abode when he entered the service, and age at the present period. Evidence by which the declaration is supported.   Years. Months. Days.     Colts 1798 3 - regular Soldier Capt Powell None Marched in N. Carolina 74 years Halifax County No testimony - paper not legally authenticated   Vol. 1781 No service done Not required horseman Col Linton River near Halifax Sometimes guarding at Halifax N. Carolina  
I am, respectfully,
Your obedient servant,
J. L. EDWARDS,
Commissioner of Pensions.

REGULATIONS UNDER THE ACT OF JUNE 7, 1832.
The following regulations have been adopted:
This law has been construed to extend, as well to the line, as to every branch of the Staff of the Army, and to include under the terms "Continental Line," "State troops," "militia," and "volunteers," all persons enlisted, drafted, or who volunteered and who were bound to military service, but not those who were occasionally employed with the army upon civil contracts, such as Clerks to Commissaries and to Store Keepers, &c. Teamsters, Boatmen, &c. Persons who served on board of Private Armed Vessels are also excluded from the benefits of the law, as well as persons who turned out as patrols, or were engaged in guarding particular places at night, and were not recognized as being in actual military service.
Four general classes of cases are embraced in this law:
 1. The Regular Troops.  2. The State Troops, Militia, and Volunteers.  3. Persons employed in the Naval service.  4. Indian Spies. 
As rolls of the regular troops in the Revolutionary War exist in this Department, all persons, claiming the benefit of this law as officers, non-commissioned officers, musicians or privates, will in the first instance, make application by transmitting the following declaration, which will be made before a Court of Record of the County where such applicant resides. And every Court having by law a seal and Clerk is considered a Court of Record.
DECLARATION,
In order to obtain the benefit of the Act of Congress of the 7th of June, 1832.
State, Territory, or District of } ss. County of }
On this _____ day of _____ personally appeared (a) before A. B. a resident (b) of _____ in the county of _____ and State, Territory or District of _____ aged (c) _____ years, who being first duly sworn, according to law, doth on his oath make the following declaration, in order to obtain the benefit of the provision made by the act of Congress, passed June 7th, 1832. That he enlisted in the Army of the United States in the year (d) _____, with _____ and served in the _____ (e) regiment of the _____ line, under the following named officers:
[Here set forth the names and rank of the Field and Company Officers; the time he left the service; (and if he served under more than one term of enlistment, he must specify the particular period, and rank and names of his officers;) the town or county and State in which he resided when he entered the service; the battles, if any, in which he was engaged, and the country through which he marched. [This form is to be varied so as to apply to the cases of officers and persons who belonged to the militia, volunteers, navy, &c.]
He hereby relinquishes every claim (f) whatever to a pension or an annuity, except the present, and he declares that his name is not on the Pension Roll of any Agency in any State, or (if any) only on that of the Agency in the State of _____
Sworn to and subscribed the day and year aforesaid.
A. B.
[And then will follow the certificate of the Court.]
And the said Court do hereby declare their opinion (g) that the above named applicant was a revolutionary soldier, and served as he states.
I _____ of the Court of _____ do hereby certify (h) that the foregoing contains the original proceedings of the said Court in the matter of the application of _____ for a pension.
In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand and seal of office (i) this _____ day of _____ &c.
If, on examination of the proper record the names of applicants, making such declaration, cannot be found, they will produce such proof as the rule given in note (j) points out.
Every applicant who claims a pension by virtue of service in the State Troops, Volunteers or Militia, except those who belonged to the New Hampshire Militia and State Troops of Virginia, will make and subscribe a declaration similar to the foregoing, with the following additions, viz:
(k) We, A. B., a Clergyman, residing in the _____ and C. D. residing in (the same) _____ hereby certify, that we are well acquainted with _____, who has subscribed and sworn to the above declaration; that we believe him to be _____ years of age; that he is reputed and believed, in the neighborhood where he resides, to have been a soldier of the Revolution, and that we concur in that opinion.
Sworn and subscribed the day and year aforesaid.
[And then will follow the certificate of the Court.]
And the said Court do hereby declare their opinion, after the investigation of the matter, and after putting the interrogatories prescribed by the War Department, that the above named applicant was a Revolutionary Soldier, and served as he states. And the Court further certifies, that it appears to them that A. B.
who has signed the preceding certificate, is a clergyman, resident in the _____ and that C. D., who has also signed the same is a resident in the _____ and is a credible person, and that their statement is entitled to credit.
I, _____ Clerk of the Court of _____ do hereby certify that the foregoing contains the original proceedings of the said Court, in the matter of the application of _____ for a pension.
In testimony whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and seal of office, this _____ day of _____ &c.
Every applicant will produce the best proof in his power. This is the original discharge or commission; but if neither of these can be obtained, the party will so state under oath, and will then procure, if possible, the testimony of at least one credible witness, stating in detail his personal knowledge of the services of the applicant, and such circumstances connected therewith, as may have a tendency to throw light upon the transaction.
If such surviving witness cannot be found, the applicant will so state in his declaration (l) and he will also, whether he produce such evidence or not, proceed to relate all the material facts, which can be useful in the investigation of his claim, and in the comparison of his narrative with the events of the period of his alleged service, as they are known at the Department. A very full account of the services of each person

will be indispensable to a favorable action upon his case. The facts stated will afford one of the principal means of corroborating the declaration of the applicant, if true, or of detecting the imposition, if one be attempted; and unless, therefore, these are amply and clearly set forth, no favorable decision can be expected. All applicants will appear before some Court of Record in the County, in which they reside, and there subscribe and be sworn to, one of the declarations above provided, according to the nature of his case.
The Court will propound the following (m) interrogatories to all applicants for a pension, on account of service in the Militia, State troops, or Volunteers, except the Militia of New Hampshire and the State troops of Virginia.
 1. Where and in what year were you born?  2. Have you any record of your age, and if so, where is it?  3. Where were you living when called into service; where have you lived since the Revolutionary war, and where do you now live?  4. How were you called into service; were you drafted, did you volunteer, or were you a substitute? And if a substitute, for whom?  5. State the names of some of the Regular Officers, who were with the troops, where you served; such Continental and Militia Regiments as you can recollect, and the general circumstances of your services.  6. { To a Soldier. } Did you ever receive a discharge from the service, and if so, by whom was it given and what has become of it? { To an Officer. } Did you ever receive a commission, and if so, by whom was it signed, and what has become of it?  7. State the names of persons to whom you are known in your present neighborhood, and who can testify as to your character for veracity, and their belief of your services as a soldier of the Revolution. 
The Court will see that he answers to these questions are embodied in the declaration, and they are requested to annex their opinions of the truth of the statement of the applicant.
The applicant will further produce in Court, if the same can be done, in the opinion of the Court, without too much expense and inconvenience to him, two respectable persons -one of whom should be the nearest clergyman, if one lives in the immediate vicinity of such applicant, who can testify, from their acquaintance with him, that they believe he is of the age he represents, and that he is reputed and believed in the neighborhood to have been a Revolutionary soldier, and that they concur in that opinion. If one of these persons is a Clergyman, the Court will so certify, and they will also certify, to the character and standing of other persons, giving such certificates.
The traditional evidence of service is deemed very important, in the absence of any direct proof, except the declaration of the party. And the Courts are requested to be very particular in the enquiry whether the belief is general, and whether any doubts have ever existed upon the subject.
Applicants unable to appear in Court by reason of bodily infirmity, may make the declaration before required, and submit to the examination, before a Judge or Justice of a Court of Record of the proper county, and the Judge or Justice will execute the duties, which the Court is herein requested to perform, and will also certify that the applicant cannot, from bodily infirmity, attend the Court.
Whenever any official act is required to be done by a Judge or Justice of a Court of Record, or by a Justice of the peace, the certificate of the Secretary of State or Territory, or of the proper Clerk of the Court or County, under his seal of office, will be annexed, stating that such person is a Judge or Justice of a Court of Record, or a Justice of the Peace, and that the signature annexed is his genuine signature.
No payments can be made on account of the services of any person, who may have died before the taking effect of the act of June 7, 1832; and in case of death subsequent thereto, and before the declaration herein required is made, the parties interested will transmit such evidence as they can procure, taken and authenticated before a Court of Record, showing the services of the deceased, the period of his death, the opinion of the neighborhood respecting such services, the title of the claimant, and the opinion of the Court upon the whole matter.
[a] The declarant must appear in open Court, unless prevented from doing so by reason of bodily infirmity; in which case the declarant will follow the rule laid down for his guidance.
[b] The declarant must make his declaration in the county where he resides. If he should fail to do so, he must assign a sufficient reason for not conforming to the rule.
[c] The age of the claimant must invariably be mentioned.
[d] The declarant must mention the period or periods of the war when he served.
[e] Every continental officer or soldier must give the name of the Colonel under whom he served; otherwise a satisfactory examination of the claim cannot be had. Every claimant must state, with precision, the length of his service, and the different grades in which he served, in language so definite as to enable the Department to determine to what amount of pension he is entitled. In a case where the applicant cannot, by reason of the loss of memory, state precisely how long he served, he should amend his declaration by making an affidavit in the following words:
"Personally appeared before me, the undersigned, a Justice of the Peace, &c. A. B. who, being duly sworn, deposeth and saith, that, by reason of old age, and the consequent loss of memory, he cannot swear positively as to the precise length of his service; but, according to the best of his recollection, he served not less than the periods mentioned below, and in the following grades:—For _____ year _____ months, and _____ days, I served as a _____. For _____ months and _____ days, I served as a _____; and for such service I claim a pension."
It is important, in all cases, to determine with precision the period for which each applicant served, and the particular rank he held, as the law directs the pension to be paid according to the grade of the pensioner and the length of his service. The use of the phrase about three or four months , is too indefinite, and all such qualifying expressions are objectionable. Some persons who apply for pensions merely state that they served two years in the militia, &c. without specifying the tours, the names of the officers, and other particulars respecting their service. This form of a declaration is highly objectionable. It must, in every case, be clearly shown under what officers the applicant served; the duration of each term of engagement; the particular place or places where the service was performed; that the applicant served with an embodied corps called into service by competent authority; that he was either in the field or in garrison; and for the time during which the service was performed, he was not employed in any civil pursuit.
[f] The law makes the relinquishment indispensable.
[g] The opinion of the Court is always required.
[h] The Clerk must give his certificate in every case.
[i] The Clerk must affix his seal, and if it has no device or inscription by which it can be distinguished from any other seal, or if he has no public seal of office, the certificate of a Member of Congress, proving the official character and signature of the certifying officer, should accompany the papers.
Mode of authenticating papers.
In every instance where the certificate of the certifying officer who authenticates the papers is not written on the same sheet of paper which contains the affidavit, or other papers authenticated, the certificate must be attached thereto by a piece of tape or narrow ribbon, the ends of which must pass under the seal of office of the certifying officer, so as to prevent any paper from being improperly attached to the certificate.
Proof of Service.
[j] In a case where the name of the applicant is not found on the records of the Department, he must prove his service by two credible witnesses, who are required to set forth in their affidavits the time of the claimant's entering the service, and the time and manner of his leaving the same, as well as the regiment, company, and line to which he belonged. The magistrate who may administer the oaths must certify to the credibility of the witnesses, and the official character and signature of the magistrate must be certified by the proper officer, under his seal of office.
[k] The notes from [a] to [i] are all equally applicable to the cases of Militia men, Volunteers and State Troops. The proof required by rule in note [j] applies to continental troops only.
[l] This traditional evidence is indispensable in militia cases.
[m] If a witness cannot be found, the declarant must state the fact.
[n] The answers to the interrogatories must all be written, and sent to the War Department, with the declaration.
1833 1781 b 7

In reply to your request of _____, received _____ for a statement of the military history of James Cooley  Coley a soldier of the REVOLUTIONARY WAR, you will find below the desired information as contained in his (or his widow's) application for pension on file in this Bureau. S. 3188
   DATES OF ENLISTMENT OR APPOINTMENT. LENGTH OF SERVICE. RANK. OFFICERS UNDER WHOM SERVICE WAS RENDERED. STATE.   CAPTAIN. COLONEL.     1778 3 years Pirate 9 Powell Nicholas Long N.C.   1781 Horseman Ginton        
Battles engaged in, on Roanoke river near Halifax -
Residence of soldier at enlistment, Halifax Co., N.C.
Date of application for pension, Oct. 23, 1832. His claim was allowed.
Residence at date of application, Humphreys Co. Tenn. at that time 26 yrs.
Age at date of application, b. Apr. 16, 1758 Charles City Co. Va.
Remarks: Removed from Halifax Co. N.C. to Montgomery Co. Tenn. for 12 yrs thence to Humphreys Co. Tenn.
Very respectfully,
Commissioner.

Rev. War Section.
May 15, 1913.
Mrs. John Hurst, 625 Madison Street, Clarksville, Tenn.
Madam:
In response to your letter dated the 10 th and received the 12 th instant, relative to James Cooley Sur. File No. 3188 Rev. War, you are advised that the papers in his claim fail to show the date of his death or that he had a wife.
For the date of last payment of his pension, and to whom paid, application should be made to the Auditor for the Interior Department, U. S. Treasury Department, giving him all of the following data:
"James Cooley. Certificate No. 25,330. issued December 26, 1833, under the Act of June 7, 1832, at the West Tennessee Agency."
Very respectfully,
J. L. Davenport
Commissioner.

Clarksville, Tenn. May 10 th 1913. Mr. J. L. Davenport, Commissioner of Pensions Washington D. C.
Dear Sir:—
The war record of James Cooley [Revolutionary soldier] is very satisfactory and your effort in securing same is much appreciated and I thank you for the kindness.
Now, may I ask you one or two more questions?
Can you furnish me the date [year] when this same James Cooley drew his last pension?
If pensions were furnished the widows of Revolutionary soldiers, did the widow of James Cooley receive one? Also the year in which the last one was given her.
Am anxious to secure the years in which James Cooley and his wife died and if I can secure the dates when the pension or pensions ceased that will be the years of their death.
Thanking you in advance for considering my questions I am,
Most Respectfully,
425 Madison St.
Mrs. Lizzie Cooley Hurst.
Clarksville Tennessee.

Clarksville, Tennessee
May 1 st , 1913.
Commissioner of Pensions, Washington D.C.
Dear Sir:—
If you can find the war record of James Cooley — a Revolutionary soldier — and will kindly furnish same to me I shall very much appreciate the courtesy. After the Rev. War he emigrated from Halifax Co. N. Ca. to Tenn — hence I think he enlisted from N. Ca. or Ga — though there is a possibility of his having been in youth a New-Englander — in as much as he was associated with Eaton during the Revolution. Thanking you now for any information you may secure for me concerning this Rev. ancestor I am
Most Respectfully
Mrs. Lizzie Cooley Hurst 625 Madison St.
Clarksville.
Tennessee.

1913 May 7. History to Mrs. Lizzie C. Hurst. c 1913 May 15. above ref. to Auditor.
Rev. Wm
3188 INVALID.
File No. 3188
James Cooley Port N. O. line
Act: June 1873
Index:—Vol. A , Page 73
[Arrangement of 1870.]

James Coley
23010
proved by W m Hill's certificate filed with additional evidence.
Wm

State of Tennessee Humphrey County 3 October Term County Court 1832
On this 23 day of October in the year
1832 personally appeared in open court James Leeky a resident of said County State of Tennessee aged 78 years for the accuracy to the Record of my own kept in my father's family Record. 16 day of April next, who being first duly sworn according to Law doth on his oath make the following declaration
in order to obtain the benefit of an act of bankruptcy passed in June 1832 - That he enlisted in the service
of the United States as a regular under Capt J Powell Commanded by Col. Nicholas Long.
in the year 1778 in Halifax County North Carolina, He states that they marched about in the state of N Carolina
for some time, guarding the Magazine at Halifax and the British prisoners, they went in some part of Virginia
and in that march they had a fight with the British on Roanoke River, near Halifax, and they remained at Halifax
and in that part of the country until we were discharged and remained in discharge after our service of three years had expired for which
we had enlisted. He again some time in the year 1781 shortly after he was discharged, volunteered his services
as a horseman, on town's creek in N Carolina under Col. Guiton. He performed no service at this time there being
no leave for us, He would state that his Capt Powell was taken a prisoner at Halifax, but how he was released
he does not know, He was born in the state of Virginia in the year 1756. He then moved to North Carolina, from
which place he moved to this county where he has resided for about 26 years. He knows of no living children

by whom he can prove his services, nor has he any documentary evidence of his service. He recd a discharge signed by Capt. Keith given at Halifax from his service but it was not accepted by his mother some two or three years after it was given He hereby relinquishes all claims to a pension Answery whatever & declares that his name is not on the pension roll of any agency in any state sworn to in open court 23 rd October 1832 D. P. Hudson Clerk
James Teas
And the said Court do hereby declare this opinion to be that the above applicant was a worthy soldier & served as he states.
James Teas Justice of the peace Chairman of the Court of Sessions for the County of Northumberland
I, Henry Hudson Clerk of the County Court of Humphrys County, do hereby certify that this is a true proceeding of the Criminal matter as taken before our Court, touching the application of James Teas for a pension.
In Testimony Whereof I have hereunto set
my hand & private seal of office having no public seal at Raymondberg this 23 rd day of October 1832 D. P. Hudson Clerk of Humphrys County Court

Intr. & Ins. 3 rd all art in Carter, E. & Co. all oddw, Robert Dunlap Lewis H. Hatchcock.
[Faint mirrored handwriting from the reverse side of the page]
[Faint mirrored handwriting from the reverse side of the page]