Revolutionary War Pension and Bounty Land Warrant Application File R. 6813, for Robert Mc Shane, New Jersey
Page 1

Service: New Jersey 

McShane, Robert

number: 6813
Page 2

Fayette County
Pennsylvania 

Be it remembered that before me the subscriber a Justice of the Peace in and for said County personally came Daniel McShane a credible witness and respected citizen of the said County of Fayette who being duly sworn on the Holy Evangelist of Almighty God did depose and say on oath that Robert McShane who has applied for a pension is his brother that he well remembers that during the Revolutionary War, to the best of his knowledge in the summer of 1778 his said brother Robert went into the army and continued in the service until about or nearly to the close of the war during which time he was at home but a short time - thought he cannot speak with certainty as to the precise length of time his said brother was out in the service yet he is confident he was in the service during the Revolutionary War upwards of two years - his brother states his service at three years and a half which he has no doubt is correct but he feels perfectly safe in saying he was out two years.
Daniel McShane

Sworn and subscribed before me this eleventh day of April 1836
Peter Stentz / Stenty
Page 3

(writing VERY faint in places)

The undersigned commissioners of Fayette County are well acquainted with Daniel McShane the within named witness who is a respectable citizen of undoubted veracity and a highly credible witness.
Witness our hands this 11th day of Apr. 1836
Peter Stents / Stenty
-?- L. Hunt

I concur in the above statement 
Andw. Stewart
11 Apr. 1836

(the following VERY faint!)
Pennsylvania
Fayette County
     I Thomas Moore (?) Prothonotary of the Court of Common Pleas of Fayette County do hereby certify the the above named Peter Sten-- is an acting Justice of the Peace in and for said County, and that the foregoing signatures purporting to be his are genuine.  In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand and affixed the seal of the said Court at Uniontown this 11th day of April AD 1836
Thomas Moore (?)
Prothonotary
Page 4

Fayette County
Pennsylvania

On tn this 24th day of March 1834 personally appeared before me Samuel Hixson one of the associate Judges in and for the county appeared Robert McShane a resident of Fayette County -?- aged seventy three years who being duly sworn according to law -?- on his oath make the following declaration in order to obtain the benefit of the Act of Congress poaased June 7th 1832.  The he entered the service of the United States under the following named officers and service herein stated. That in August 1778 he entered in Capt. Adam Hopes company of continental troops of the New Jersey Line attached to Col. Shreves Reg't in Gene. Maxwells brigade.  That he enlisted for during the war.  The he was first marched from Huntington County New Jersey to New Brunswick and from there to Elizabeth town, from there to  Bar--- Point, from there to Parwels Hook from there to Schuyler's Bridge and served other places at which place he (smudged word) his service.  Thus during her service he was engaged in the following battles.  Viz. he was first engaged in the Battle of the Connecticut farms in the year 1779 - he was then in the smart skirmish at Elizabeth town....
Page 5

(continued from previous page)

...That he was engaged in the Battle of Springfield at which time we drove the British out of the State to which they never afterwards returned. Although we were obliged a long time afterwards to guard the coasts. That the whole of his services were performed in the State news jersey except two excursions onto Staten Island (New York). That his  services were performed at the places before mentioned along the Jersey coast at different places.  The he has mentioned the principal towns at which he served as far as he can recollect. Th t the whole period of his services was three years and six months that is from August 1778 until February 1782 during which period he was not out of the service one single day he performed his tour until discharge in February 1782 faithfully for his country - that a short time after his enlistment he was transferred from Captain Hopes company to Captain Snowdons company of the same Reg't and Brigade.   That he received a written discharge from his Col. (Shreves) signed by him that has long since -?-. That he has no  documentary evidence of his service that can prove that he was in the service  -?- Daniel McShane. That the deponent  was in several skirmishes along the Jersey shore of which he has not sufficiently distinct recollection to describe.  That he claims a pension for three years and six months.
Page 6

(continued from previous page)

....That he was born inHunterdon County New Jersey in the year 1761.
  That he has -?- a record of his age in his Bible.
    That he entered the service by enlistment.
    That he remained  in the state of New Jersey until after the Revolutionary War and then removed to Fayette County Penn'a and where he still resides.
   That he received a (smudged word - "discharge"?) from his Col -?-  his -?-.
   The John McShane and Morgan Garkill two of his neighbors will certify as to his reputation.  He is not acquainted with any clergyman to -?- to certify for him.
   He hereby relinquishes  every pension or annuity whatever and declares that his name is not on the pension Roll of the agency of any State.
Robert McShane

Sworn and subscribed the 24th day of March 1834 before -
Samuel Ninan (?) Judge

The John McShane and Morgan Garkill -?- (residents?) of Fayette County Penn'a do hereby certify that we are well acquainted with Robert McShane who has sworn and subscribed the above declaration.  That we believe him to be seventy five/one? years of age - that he is reputed and believed in the neighborhood where he resides to have been a soldier of the revolution and we concur in that opinion.
John McShane
Morgan Garkill his X mark

Sworn and subscribed the day and year above written.
Samuel Ninon (?) Judge
Page 7

Fayette County
Pennsylvania

   I Samuel Nixon associate Judge in the county of Fayette do hereby declare my opinion after the examination of the matter and after putting the Interrogatives prescribed by the War Department that Robert McShane who has sworn and subscribed the foregoing declaration was a revolutionary soldier and served as he states and I do further certify that John McShane and Morgan Garkill who have engaged (?) the foregoing certificate are both residents of Fayette County and that they are credible persons and that their statement is entitled to credit.  Further I do certify that the applicant is old and infirm and cannot well attend the court at its settings.
Given under my hand and sixth day off March AD 1834
Samuel Nixon Judge

Fayette County
Pennsylvania
   Before Samuel Nixon one of the Judges of the Court of Common Pleas for said county, personally appeared Daniel McShane of said county and on his solemn oath on the Holy Evangelist of Almighty God deposit and saith that Robert McShane the above applicant was called on at different times to his certain knowledge to serve his country (some words crossed out) during the Revolutionary War, and was absent from home at different times as supposed in said service, and further saith not.
Danile McShane
Sworn andSubscribed the day and year above written
Samuel Nixon

State of Pennsylvania
Fayette County
  .......
Page 8

M.B.H. 
Rev. War Section

February 25, 1916

Mrs. George Spangler,
212 So. Glenwood Avenue,
Peoria, Illinois

Madam:

In response to your letter of the 16" instant, you are advised that from the papers in claim R. 6813, Rev. War, it appears that Robert MoShane was born in Hunterdon County, New Jersey, in 1761, He alleges that while a resident of Hunterdon County, New Jersey, he was one of a company raised in 1778 by Captain Adam Hopes in Colonel Shreve's regiment, New Jersey line, that said Captain was taken ill and resigned and the company was placed under Captain Snowden; that he was in the battles of Connecticut Farms and Springfield; that he was discharges in February 1782.
In 1834 he resided in Fayette County, Pennsylvania.
The claim was not allowed, because of lack of proof of service as required by the Act of June 7, 1832, under which he applied.
A careful search of the Revolutionary War records of this Bureau fails to afford any information in regard to any Frances MoShane.

Very respectfully,

E C Tieman
Acting Commissioner
Page 9

(left side of page)

Sept. 13. 1897 - History to Dr. J.F. McShane - Indianapolis, Ind;

1916 Feb. 25.  History to Mrs. Geo. Spangler
       M.Bette
1929 Feb. 18 Hist to Mrs w.E. Bussell.  ADY

(right side page)

REJECTED (stamped)
 6813

PO------
Robert McShane
Serice:---------
Enlisted: 1852 Printed, 18--
Discharged: Book Rejected, 18---
 and Suspended Claims gives Reasons for Suspension: "Not on the Rolls, No other proof offered".
Page 10

The within intended as a caveat (caveat underlined)
Page 11

(left side pf page)

Robert McShane
Pennsylvania
Suspended

   ***Writing on this left side of page all crossed out

(right side of page)

Hon. A.Stewart
Apr 18, '49
Page 12

32467 (poss. 32417)

Robt. McShane
Declaration (?)
Pennsylvania

(Very faint:)
  N. Jersey Rolls  
   illegible word

Hon. A.Buchanan
HR

6813
Page 13

(I believe this to be a continuation of file page 7 shown above)

.... I Richard Beeson Prothonotary in and for said Court do certify that Samuel Nixon is one of the judges of the said court as above stated and that foregoing signatures purporting to be his is genuine.
In Testimony whereof I have herewith set m hand and affixed the seal of said Court at Union town the 28th day of March AD 1834
Richard Benson Prothon.
Page 14

Copy
of answer to Robt. McShane
Page 15

Copy

Albany NY May 6th 1840

Sir
   I have received your letter of the 27th ultimo in which you state the you were a Soldier of the Revolution of the New Jersey line of Regular Troops and was one of the company raised by me in 1778 or thereabouts.
   I was not in the Jersey Line in 1778 or at any other time nor did I raise a company but was a Lieutenant in the company of Capt.Williams Chambers of Chambersburgh -  I remember Capt. Snowdon and it appears to me you must have mistaken me for some other person.
  It would gratify me to be able to assist any old soldier in establishing his rights - And I do not call in question your claims - you will judge for yourself whether it will not be just when you apply to the department again to show this letter and to explain your mistake as well as you can - perhaps it may be now in your power to trace your claims to its source - Wishing you Success in all your just pursuits.  I remain ...
Your Obd. Serv.
signed - A. Hoops

Mr.robert McShane Uniontown, PA.
Page 16

Robert McShane
April 27 - 1840

Capt. Adam Hopes
Albany
New York
Page 17

Union Town Pa.
Apl. 27th 1840

Dr Sir,
   Being an applicant for a pension as a soldier of the Revolution of the New Jersey Line, and having some difficulty in consequence of my name not being found on the list of the Jersey line of regular troops, I am required to produce other proof - I stated to them that I was one of a  company raised by you in 1778 or thereabouts, and after going some distance you took dangerously ill and resigned - and we were placed under Capt. Snowden -   I am informed by the department that you are still living and they directed me to write to you (page torn here) Albany, New York - Now -?- the circumstances of your sickness at that time you cannot forget and I suppose you recollect Capt. Snowden I wish you to write to me, and let me know  all you recollect on the subject and whether you do to recollect me - Give me a full statement of all your now remember on the subject.

Yours,
Robert McShane
Page 18

War Dept Pen. Office
July (date smudged) 1838

Sir
    The papers in the case of Robert McShane have been ex'd and they are herewith returned to you.
He alleges to have served as an enlisted soldier  in Col. Shrives reg. of the New Jersey Line and in Captain Hope's company, in August 1778 and to have been discharged in February 1783.  His name is not found on the rolls of service in this office nor did any person of the name of Hope command a company belonging to the New Jersey Line.  (this next line crossed out: " it is therefore very doubtful whether he served or the applicant served as is set forth"   In such cases it is indispensably necessary that the regulations should be strictly complied with in furnishing proof of.....
Page 19

(continued from previous page)

...service.  The note marked (3 words crossed out here) in the enclosed -?- sheet will show what is required.

written vertically to right: 
Hon. A. Buchanan
July 3, 1838
O.C.

written at bottom pf page:
Hon. A. Buchanan
H.R.
Page 20

Hon. A. Stewart
Jan. 27 1837


Record Vol 41   P 2074
Page 21

War Dept. Pa office
Jan 27, 1837

Sir
    The papers in the case of Robert McShane have been again ex'd and they are herewith returned to you.  His name is not found on the rolls N. Jersey line (these last 3 words crossed out) Col. Shreve's regt. of the New Jersey Line in which he alleges to have served.  The proof exhibited is insufficient to authorize this office to admit his claim.

Hon A. Stewart,
of Pennsylvania
Prest. (?)
Page 22

[unreadable]
Apl 12 1839
OC
Page 23

War Dept: Pen Office
April 12, 1839

Sir,

In reply to your letter in the case of Robert MoShane I have to inform you that his papers were returned to Hon A. Buchanan on the 3rd July 1838, with a letter of that data stating the objections to the claim, copy of which is herewith enclosed; since that time it does not appear that any papers in the case have been received here. If any have been transmitted, it should be stated by whom, and at what time.

Na. Andrew Stewart
Union Town
Pa
Page 24

27 Dec 1834
O.C.


Record. Vol. 26. p. 273
Page 25

War Dept: Pension Office
Dec 27, 1836

Sir

The declaration of Robert MoShane has been exd & it is herewith returned. The rolls of the New Jersey line in this office have been exd and the applicants name does not appear therein. It is doubtful therefore, whether he ever belonged to the regular line of the army as is alleged. If he was in service for a period of upwards of three years, he should be able to give a more full and detailed statement of his services. As his name does not appear on the rolls, he should exhibit such proof of his service as is required in note j in the enclosed printed rect. A satisfactory reason should be given for his not having made an application for a pension under the act of March 18, 1818.

Hon A. Stewart
H.R.
Page 26

A. Stewart

Col J L Edwards
Com of Pensions
Washington City
DC
Page 27

Union Town
Apl 15, 1849

Sir

I am requested to inquire what are the objections to placing the name of Robert MoShane on the pension list?

Robert MoShane I am informed applied first some 10 1/2 years ago as as a Revolutionary soldier of the Jersey line residing then & now in Fayette Co Pa.

Yours respectfully

A Stewart

J L Edwards Esq
Com. of Pensions
Page 28

Apl 18, 49
Page 29

Pension Office
April 18, 1849

Sir,

In reply to the inquiry contained in your letter of the 15th invst in the case of Robert MoShane of Fayette Co, Pa I have to inform you that his claim here not been allowed, because the records of the New Jersey line in which he alleges to have served afford no proof of his service, and he has failed to produce the testimony of witnesses who had a knowledge of his services as required by the regulations in most cases.


Hon. Andrew Stewart
Union Town,
Pa
Page 30

Pension Office
Dec 20, 1845

Sir,

In reply to your enquiry relative to the case of Robert MoShane; I have to inform you that his papers are on our files. He alleged to have served under Captains Hoops and Snowden, of Col Shreeve's regiment, New Jersey line, from 1778 to 1782. On examining the rolls of that regiment no evidence of his service could be found, and he was referred to Capt Stoopes, who was alive at the time the claim was examined. A copy of Capt Lt's reply to the claimant's letter is on file, from which it appears that he was not at any time in the New Jersey line.

Hon. A Stewart
H.R.
Page 31

Uniontown, Pa.
July 12th 1847

J L Edwards Esq

Sir

Robert MoShane an old Revolutionary soldier called on me a few days ago in relation to an application for a pension, he informs me, that he made an application some time since under the direction of Mr F Gunicker now in Demark, the situation & conditions of which he can tell nothing about, and I now address you in order obtain such information as you may feel at liberty to communicate in regard to it,- I am not [unk] that it is consistent with your rules and regulations to returns, where deficient, the statement & proof in support of the application, if it is, I should be glad if you should return his statement & proof, if not his statement, the proof. 
I will trouble you with another enquiry. Can an old soldier who served 3 1/2 years but at this late day is unable to procure
Page 32

the necessary proof of said services, obtain a pension under the Act of 7th June 1832.

An early reply to this will much oblige.

Your obt sevt

R J Galloway
Page 33

R J Galloway
July 30, 47
Page 34

Pension Office
July 30, 1847

Sir

In answer to your letter of 12 last I have to inform you that Robert MoShane applied for a pension under the act of 7 June 1832, for an alleged service in the New Jersey Line, but the rolls of this Line furnish no evidence of his service consequently his claim has been disallowed. 

Several communications from this Office have been addressed to the Hon W Stewart, within the last year or two, relative to this claim, with which no doubt- apparent has been furnished. By referring to them, he will leave the objections to its admission.

R. J. Galeaway Esq
Uniontown
Pa
Page 35

Pension offer
Feb 6. 1847,
Sir,
Therewith return the letter of
Mr Sackett, and have the honor to
inform you that Robert McShane
applied for a pension under the act
of June 7, 1832, and alleged that
he belonged to the New Jersey
Continental Line. The rolls of that line, which
are complete, [crossed out] are in this
office, and his name does not
appear therein.  It is not therefore
in our power to allow him a pension
Hon Andw Stewart | No 32417, Act 32
HR | Pa
Page 36

Robt McShane
Hon A Stewart
free A Stewart
JL Edwards Esq
complementary
War Dept
Page 37

House of Reps
Feby 5. 1847
J L Edwards Esq
DV
In Please furnish me a
answer to the [illegible] letter from Mr V
Sackett in q[illegible] as to Robert McShane's
claim for a Revolutionary Pension from
Fayette County Pa & oblige

very respectfully
A Stewart
Page 38

Hon A. Stewart
June 27, 1846
Page 39

 | Ten off
Sir | June 27. 46
I have the honor to return
you Mr Sacketts letter respecting 
the case of Robert Shane & in
reply to inform you again that he
claims for service in the N. J.
Line of the Continental army of which
there are full & complete rolls in 
this office-- they show that he has
no claim whatever for service in
that Line
Hon A. Stewart
H.R.
Page 40

Deeps 45
Robt McShane
Pa [illegible]
free A Stewart
I Edwards
[illegible]
JL Edwards Esq
Comp of Pensions
War Dept
James A Stewart
1102
Page 41

Ho. of Reps
Dec 12. 1845
J L Edwards Esq
Dr Sir
Many years service Robt.
McShane of Fayette Co. Penn. applied
for a pension. Are his papers still
on file? and why was the
pension not granted?
Yours respectfully
A. Stewart
[crossed out]
Page 42

Am A. Buchanan
HR
Page 43

Fayette County ss
Isaiah Jones of Fayette County Penns on
his solemn oath saith that Robert McShane who has
applied for a pension was a soldier in the revolutionary war:
that he went into the service in the fall of 1778, and continued
in the service till after Cornwallis defeat. that he was
in said service more than two years that he this deponent
was well acquainted with the said Robert McShane at that
time & has known him ever since
Isaiah Jones

I certify that Isaiah Jones above named, being duly sworn
before me, did on his solemn oath, duly administered, say
that the facts as above stated are just & true to the best
of his knowledge & belief this 4th Jany 1837 sworn and
subscribed before me
James Piper [seal drawn]
Justice of the peace

I hereby certify that Isaiah Jones who made & subscribed
the above affidavit before me is a credible witness
Witness my hand this 4th of Jany 1837-
James Piper

Pennsylvania | 
Fayette County | SS. I Thomas Sloan, Prothonotary of the Court
of Fayette Co, do hereby certify that James Piper is as
magistrate as above, and that the foregoing signatures
purporting to be his are genuine. In testimony
whereof I have hereunto set my hand and affixed
the seal of the said Court at Uniontown the 12th day of January
Anno Domini 1837.
Thomas Sloan
Prothonotary
Page 44

Letter
Page 45

Union Town Pa
Feby 12th 1840
Dr Sir
I have been lately put in possession of the
declaration & papers of Mr Robert McShane who claims
as a revolutionary soldier a pension for services, then
rendered. I find amongst these papers a
letter to Mr A. Stewart from the department dated
the 27th Jany 1837 in which you state that the
proof exhibited is insufficient to authorize this
office to admit his claim.!! Wherein pray? Is it
not a rule of the department that two witnesses in
even any case are sufficient? It is then he
has come up to the rule as he presents the testimony
of Danl McShane & Isaiah Jones who both state
the fact that he served and the length of time.
Now Sir, it wont do to say that because his
name is not found on the rolls of Jersey, that
therefore he cannot be allowed a pension as you
signify in the letter referred to.  I don't care
whether it is on the rolls of that state or not if
it be a fact that he served the Country &
has proved it by credible witnesses as he has
done, he is entitled to a pension.
I herewith enclose
the papers again to the department, and
ask you to examine the case (not your
former decision merely), and see if he has
not fully complied with the rules of Evidence
adopted by the department.  Please let me
hear the result & the reasons therefor
Yours
J. H. Desud

J. L. Edwards
Page 46

[date stamp CERTIFICATE DIVISION RECEIVED FEB 16 1916]
Page 47

Bureau of Pensions
Washington DC
Gentleman:
Do you have
any record of
a Francis McShane
of Hunterdon Co.
New Jersey
drawing a pension.
from the Revolutionary
war?
Do you have any 
record of a
Page 48

2.
Robert McShane
who was in
Captain Adam
Hope's Co of
Hunterdon Co. N.J.
as drawing a
pension, if he
drew a pension
to whom & where
was it sent?
Thanking
you for any
Page 49

3.
information about
the McShane's
Sincerely,
Mrs. Geo Spangler
212 So. Glenwood Ave
Peoria, Ills.
Was it only the
disabled that
drew pensions?
[date stamp US PENSION OFFICE FEB 16 1916]
Page 50

Greenfield, Ind.
June 4, 1928.
My dear Sir:
Our family record contains this statement: "Francis
McShane was one of six brothers all of whom together with
their father served in the Revolutionary War in various
New Jersey regiments, as shown by the Revolutionary War
and pension records on file at Washington, D.C.
I am interested in establishing this record,
we are not sure of the names of these people but so far
as we have been able to learn one of them was in all
probability William, another Robert, perhaps two of them
father and one son bore the same name either Robert or
Francis.

Very truly yours,
Mrs. W.E Bussell

To Department of Pensions,
Washington, D. C.
Page 51

[letterhead text section mostly illegible] | L. W. B.
R. 6813.
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR,
BUREAU OF PENSIONS.
WASHINGTON, D. C.,
O. W. & N. DIV.
REVOLUTIONARY.
Sept. 13, 1897.

Sir: --
Replying to your request for information concerning Edward, James,
Robert, Barnabas or Daniel McShane, supposed to have been soldiers in
the Revolutionary war, you are advised that one Robert McShane, (the
only McShane found upon the Revolutionary war pension records), made
an application for pension on March 24, 1834, at which time he was
73 years of age and residing in Fayette County, Penna. In his application 
he alleges that he served a period of three years as a private
in the New Jersey troops, Revolutionary war; a part of the time under
Capt. Hope and Col. Shreve. His claim was rejected, however, on the
ground of insufficient proof of service alleged. There is an affidavit
on file in his claim signed by his brother Daniel McShane.
Very respectfully,
Acting Commissioner.

Dr. J. T. McShane,
496 College Ave.,
Indianapolis, Indiana.
Page 52

[date stamp OLD WAR & NAVY AUG 18 1897]
Page 53

MBS
Mrs J. T. McShane M. D. | { 10 to 12 A.M.
OFFICE, 26 EAST OHIO STREET. | OFFICE HOURS. { 2 to 4 P.M.
RESIDENCE, 496 COLLEGE AVE. | {7 to 8 P.M.
TELEPHONES: OFFICE 1454. RESIDENCE 852. | Sunday 2 to 4 only.
Indianapolis, Ind, Aug 12 1897
Pension Office | Mc
Washington D.C.

Dear Sirs
Can you find on pension
or other records the names of
Edward, James, Robert, Barnabus or Daniel
McShane as revolutionary soldiers, or
any other McShane.  A tradition points
to the fact that there were, but I desire
to know about the records.
Respectfully Yours
J. T. McShane
Page 54

Rev.&1812 Wars Section. | ADY
dur
February 18, 1929.
Mrs. W. E. Bussell,  
Greenfield,
Indiana.
Madam:
I advise you that from the papers in the Revolutionary 
War pension claim, R. 6813, it appears that Robert
McShane was born in Hunterdon County, New Jersey in 1761.
He applied for pension March 24, 1834 while a resident of
Fayette County, Pennsylvania, aged seventy-three years.
He alleged that while a resident of Hunterdon County, New 
Jersey, he was one of a company raised in 1778 by Captain
Adam Hopes in Colonel Shreve's Regiment, New Jersey line,
that said captain was taken ill and resigned and the company
was placed under Captain Snowden; that he was in the
battles of Connecticut Farms and Springfield; that he was
discharged in February 1782.
His claim was not allowed as he failed to furnish
proof of six months actual military service as required
by the Act of June 7, 1832, under which he applied.
This is the history of the only soldier surnamed
McShane found on the Revolutionary War records of this
bureau.
Respectfully,
WINFIELD SCOTT,
Commissioner.
Page 55

THE NATIONAL ARCHIVES | Division of Veterans' Administration Archives
Form VAM-51 | BOUNTY LAND WARRANT RECORD CARD*
12 - 5 - 41

Name McSoutcheon,  George Grade Private Line Massachusetts

WARRANT
NUMBER   4668  ACREAGE 100  ISSUED Dec. 21, 1790
to not shown-

The information concerning the issuance of warrants carded on this form is found in volumes 2 to 4 of ""Land Warrants Issued Prior to 1800"" which are
registers of bounty land warrants issued to non-comissioned officers and privates under congressional resolution of September 16, 1776, and subsequent
dates. Other records relative to the applications for warrants appear to have been destroyed in the War Departant fire of November 9, 1800.
Information concerning warrants surrendered to the Federal Government is to be found in General Land Office records in The National Archives.