Revolutionary War Pension and Bounty Land Warrant Application File S. 18862, Asa Hale, Mass. N.H. Vt.
Page 1

(3-1776)

SERVICE
Mass.
N. H.
Vt.

Hale, Asa

NUMBER
S. 18862

carded

CONTENTS
Page 2

payment reviewed agent [illegible]
to pension 27 Feby 1835

Date of death
not on ab

2234
Vermont
=====
Asa Hale
of Rutland in the State of Vermont
who was a private in the company commanded
by Captain Pope of the regt commanded
by Col. Brewer in the Vermont [Appears New Hampshire may have been originally written then crossed off.)
line for more than 2 years
N. H. + Mass. + Vt.
=====
Inscribed on the Roll of Vermont
at the rate of 80 Dollars --- Cents ['cents' crossed off] per annum,
to commence on the 4th day of March, 1834.
=====
Certificate of Pension issued the 22d day of November
1832 and sent to R. Temple
Rutland, Vermont
=====
Arrears to 4th of Sept. 1832 120.00
Semi=anl. allowance ending 4. M'ch 1833 40.00
===
$160.00
=====
{Revolutionary Claim,}
{Act June 7, 1832.}

Recorded by 
M Duffield Clerk,
Book D Vol. 4 Page 62
Page 3

No. 2222

Admitted

Private 28 months

$80

R Temple
Rutland
Vt
Page 4

BRIEF in the case of Asa Hale of Rutland in the State of Vermont
(Act 7th June, 1832.)

1. Was the declaration made before a Court or a Judge? Before a Court of probate

2. If before a Judge, does it appear that the applicant is disabled by bodily infirmity?

3. How old is he? 72 years

4. State his service, as directed in the form annexed.
=====
Period.
1776
In 1778 Jany.
1779
1780
=====
Duration of Service.
Years, Months, Days.
" 2 "
1 " "
" 2 "
" 10 16
" " 42
Many other services of shorter periods
=====
Rank.
Private
=====
Names of General and Field officers
under whom he served.
Capt. Pope, Col. Brewer
" Lee, Lt. Mott, Rangers
" Isaac Clark
" Hutchins, Major Allen
officers not remembered

5. In what battles was he engaged? None mentioned. Most of the time he belonged to the Vermont troops

6. Where did he reside when he entered the service? Rutland Vt

7. Is his statement supported by living witnesses, by documentary proof, by traditionary evidence, by incidental evidence, or by the rolls? By living witnefses

8. Are the papers defective as to form or authentication? and if so, in what respect? Correct

X Certify that the foregoing statement and the answers agree with the evidence in the case above mentioned.

Daniel Brown Examining Clerk.
Page 5

2222

Asa Hale

28 months
Page 6

STATE OF VERMONT,}
RUTLAND COUNTY, SS.}
On this 26 day of July A. D. 1832 personally appeared in open Court before the Judge of the Probate Court of Rutland Co. now sitting, Asa Hale a resident of the County of Rutland and State of Vermont, aged 72 years, who being first duly sworn according to law, doth on his oath make the following declaration, in order to obtain the benefit of the act of Congress, passed June 7, 1832.
That he entered the service of the United States under the following named officers, and served as herein stated. At the commencement of the revolutionary war he lived in Rutland, Vermont - and he was a soldier in the militia of Vermont - and was frequently out on alarm. In 1776 in the fall, when the New Hampshire militia was on their march through Rutland for Ticonderoga, his brother Thomas Hale engaged for 3 months as a substitute for a soldier in Capt. Pope's Co. Col Brewer's Regt. of N Hampshire, whose name he does not know + after serving about a month the deponent took his place served at Mounthope near Ticonderoga for the remaining two months + served out his time. In 1777 when the troops were gathering to oppose Burgoyne he volunteered at Lanesborough, Mafsachusetts, he having been previously driven off with the other inhabitants in the approach of the enemy, + marched as far as Pownal Vermont + returned, + was confined by sicknefs about a month. In 1778, he hereto think in Jany he enlisted into Capt. Lee's company Lieut. Mott + Martin which was a company of Rangers, + not attached to any Regt. as this deponent believes, except a short time to Col. Warner; at Fort Edward, + served out his time as appears by the accompanying affidavit of Lt. Mott - he marched to Fort Edward + Saratoga + in scouting westward - + then was ordered to Rutland where they built a Fort under Maj. Whitcomb - In 1779 he served two months, having enlisted under Capt Isaac Clark - was stationed at Rutland + Brandon - he does not remember his other officers - In 1780 he enlisted into Capt Hutchin's company, under the command of Maj Eben Allen, the other officers not remembered, and served from 1. Feb. to the middle of December, as appears by the accompanying affidavit of Lt Hall. During this time they built the Fort at Pittsford, + he was waiter to the surgeon Dr. Rubach - + twice went for expenses to Gov. Chittenden - In addition to these stated services, he was constantly on alarm when at Kewa - + was called out to detect tories, + guard continental stores that were kept at Rutland - + on scouts to Lake Champlain  + the margin of the Lake, taking circuits of near a hundred miles - + at Brandon when it was burnt - This service could not be lefs than six weeks. He cannot remember so as to distinguish other troops with whom he served - he knew Col Warner, + some other officers, but he
Page 7

had little opportunity to know continental officers, as he belonged most of the time to the Vermont troops. He does not remember having [illegible] written discharges; if he did he has lost them - he has no documentary or other evidence except the accompanying affidavits. He was born at Gastenbury, Connecticut the 6 Nov 1759, but knows of no record of his age. He has resided in Rutland where he now lives ever since 1772 - He is known to the Rev Charles Walker, of whose church he has been Deacon many years, + to most of the in habitants of Rutland.

He hereby relinquishes every claim whatever to a pension or annuity except the present, and declares that his name is not on the Pension Roll of the Agency of any State.
Asa Hale
Sworn to and subscribed the day and year aforesaid.
R C Royce

We Charles Walker a Clergyman residing in Rutland and Robert Temple residing in the same place, hereby certify, that we are well acquainted with Asa Hale who has subscribed and sworn to the above declaration; that we believe him to be 72 years of age; that he is reputed and believed, in the neighbourhood where he resides, to have been a soldier of the Revolution, and that we concur in that opinions.
Chs. Walker
R. Temple
Sworn and subscribed the day and year aforesaid.
R C Royce

And the said Court do hereby declare their opinion, after the investigation of the matter, and after putting the interrogatories prescribed by the War Department, that the above named applicant was a Revolutionary soldier, and served as he states. And the Court further certifies, that it appears to them that Charles Walker who has signed the preceding certificate, is a Clergyman, resident in Rutland and that Robt. Temple who has also signed the same, is a resident in Rutland and is a credible person, and that their statement is entitled to credit.

I Rodney C. Royce Regr of the Court of Probate do hereby certify, that the foregoing contains the original proceedings of the said Court in the matter of the application of Asa Hale for a Pension.
In testimony whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and seal of office this 17 day of Augt A. D. 1832
R. C. Royce Regr
Page 8

October 19, 1939.

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

BA-J/CC
Asa Hale
S.18862

Mrs. Henry L. Kennedy
College Station,
Murray, Kentucky.

Dear Madam:

Reference is made to your letter in which you request the Revolutionary War record of Asa Hale of Rutland, Vermont.

The data which follow were obtained from papers on file in pension claim, S.18862, based upon service of Asa Hale in the Revolutionary War.

Asa Hale was born November 6, 1759, in Glastonbury, Connecticut. When he was six months old, his father moved to Lanesborough, Berkshire County, Massachusetts, and in the spring of 1772, moved to Rutland, Vermont, names of parents are not given

While residing in said Rutland, at the beginning of the Revolution, Asa Hale was called out frequently on alarms; in the fall of 1776, he served two months as a substitute for his oldest brother, Thomas Hale, as a private in Captain Pope's com any Colonel Brewer's New Hampshire regiment, was stationed at Mount Hope, a short distance from Ticonderoga and was there when the boats on the lake were destroyed, after this tour, his family returned to Lanesborough, having been driven away from their home in Rutland by the approach of the enemy; soldier volunteered in said Lanesborough at the time the troops were gathering to go against Burgoyne, but got only as far as Pownal, Vermont, when he was taken sick and returned home; he gave no names of officers on this tour; in January, 1778, he enlisted at Fort Edward, served in Captain Lee's Company of Rangers, a part of the time under Major Whitcomb in the Vermont Troops; length of service, one year; he enlisted in March, 1779, served two months in Captain Isaac Clark's company, Vermont Troops, and was stationed at Rutland and Brandon; he enlisted February 1, 1780, served in Captain Hutchins' company under Major Ebenezer Allen, acted as waiter and assistant to the surgeon, Jacob Bubeck
Page 9

and also as overseer of the provision department; during this service, he was sent by Major Allen with expresses to Governor Chittendon, once to Arlington and once to Bennington where the Governor and Council were then sitting; he traveled on foot through the woods and stated that he could run almost as fast as a horse could carry him and that on the last occasion when he carried the express to Bennington, he traveled a distance of one hundred thirty-two miles in less than twenty-four hours, on foot. He was discharged from this last service, December 15, 1780. He was also called out frequently on alarms, scouting against the Tories and guarding stores, and was at the burning of Brandon, dates and names of Officers not given.

Asa Hale was allowed pension on his application executed July 26, 1832, while residing in Rutland, Vermont. He was referred to as deacon.

There are no data as to wife and children.

In order to obtain the date of last payment of pension, the name and address of person paid and possibly the date of death of Asa Hale, you should address the Comptroller General, General Accounting Office, Records Division, this city, and cite the following data:
Asa Hale,
Certificate #2234
Issued November 22, 1832
Rate $80.00 per annum
Commenced March 4, 1831
Act of June 7, 1832
Vermont Agency.

Very truly yours
A. D. HILLER
Executive Assistant
to the Administrator.
Page 10

November 18, 1936

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

BA-J/EEL
Asa Hale - S.18862

Mrs. George W. Johnson
205 E. Wash Street
Athens, Alabama

Reference is made to your letter in which you request the Revolutionary War record of Asa Hale, of Rutland, Vermont.

The data which follow are obtained from the papers on file in Revolutionary War pension claim, S.18862, based upon the military service of Asa Hale in that war.

Asa Hale was born November 6, 1759, in Glastonbury, Connecticut. When he was six months old, his father moved to Lanesborough, Berkshire County, Massachusetts, and in the spring of 1772, moved to Rutland, Vermont.

While residing in said Rutland, at the beginning of the Revolution, Asa Hale was called out frequently on alarms; in the fall of 1776, he served two months as a substitute for his oldest brother, Thomas Hale, as a private in Captain Pope's Company, Colonel Brewer's New Hampshire Regiment, was stationed at Mount Hope, a short distance from Ticonderoga and was there when the boats on the lake were destroyed: after this tour, his family returned to Lanesborough, having been driven away from their home in Rutland by the approach of the enemy; soldier volunteered in said Lanesborough at the time the troops were gathering to go against Burgoyne, but got only as far as Pownal, Vermont, when he was taken sick and returned home: he gave no names of officers on this tour: in January, 1778, he enlisted at Fort Edward, served in Captain Lee's Company of Rangers, a part of the time under Major Whitcomb in the Vermont Troops; length of service, one year: he enlisted in March, 1779, served two months in Captain Isaac Clark's Company, Vermont troops and was stationed at Rutland and Brandon: he enlisted February 1, 1780, served in Captain Hutchins' Company under Major Ebenezer Allen, acted as
Page 11

waiter and assistant to the surgeon, Jacob Ruback, and also as overseer of the provision department; during this service, he was sent by Major Allen with expresses to Governor Chittendon, once to Arlington and once to Bennington where the Governor and Council were then sitting: he travelled on foot through the woods and stated that he could run almost as fast as a horse could carry him and that on the last occasion when he carried the express to Bennington, he travelled a distance of one hundred thirty-two miles in less than twenty-four hours, on foot. He was discharged from this last service, December 15, 1780. He was also called out frequently on alarms, scouting against the Tories and guarding stores, dates and names of officers not given.

Asa Hale was allowed pension on his application executed July 26, 1832, while residing in Rutland, Vermont.

There are no data as to wife and children.

In order to obtain the date of last payment of pension, the name and address of person paid and possibly the date of death of the Revolutionary War pensioner, Asa Hale (S.18862), you should address The Comptroller General, General Accounting Office, Records Division, this city, and cite the following data:

Asa Hale, Certificate No. 2234, issued November 22, 1832, rate $80 per annum, commenced March 4, 1831, Act of June 7, 1832, Vermont Agency.

Very truly yours
A. D. HILLER
Executive Assistant
to the Administrator.
Page 12

Postage Stamp
Received Oct. 2, 1939
Mail Sub-Div
(illegible) Adm

September 16, 1939

Veterans Administration
Washington D. C.
I am wondering if I might get some information about a soldier in the Revolutionary War. He was from Rutland, Vt.
The information that I need is in regard to his children. Do you have any record of his family?
I am trying to join the D. A. R. and Asa Hale's daughter is great-grand mother. I know that she is my great-grand-mother, but I cannot anything to verify this. Will you please see if you have anything about his daughter Fanna Hale who married Thomas Dale from Greensboro, Georgia.
If you could give me any addresses to write about this matter it would be greatly appreciated.
Sincerely yours,
Mrs. Henry L. Kennedy
College Station
Murray, Kentucky
Page 13

Round stamp mark:
RECEIVED
OCT 29 1936
MAIL SUB-DIV.
VETS. ADM
READER 29

205 E. Wash St
Athens, Ala.

Veterans Administrations
Washington D. C.

My dear Sir,
I'm Writing in regard to some information I might get about Asa Hale a Veteran of the Revolutionary War. He was from Vermont - Probably Rutland.  He died Dec. 2. 1843.
I wanted to get all the information about him so I could belong to the D. A. R.
I would appreciate an immediate answer - Thank you very much -

Mrs Geo. W. Johnson
Athens, Ala
Page 14

OFFICE OF CORONER,
RANSEY COUNTY, MINN.
E. H. WHITCOMB, CORONER

H

St. Paul, Minn., Feby 15 1895

W. H. Lochren Esq
Commission Pension
Washington D. C.

Dear Sir

Will you kindly furnish me certificate of Revolutionary record of Asa Hale in his application for Pension. He died in Rutland Vt Dec 2, 1843 - was placed in Pension Roll Nov 22, 1833 and was a private, I believe, in Mass. Continental line.

I am Resp Yrs
Ewd Hale Whitcomb
Page 15

P 18862
INVALID
=====
File No. 18862
Asa Hale
Pri Rev War
=====
Act: June 7th 32
Index: - Vol. 1, Page 166
[Arrangement of 1870.]

May 21 / 94 M'l Hist. to
Dr. Edw. H. Whitcomb, Coroner,
St Paul, Minn.
Mch. 23 / 95 M'l Hist. to Dr. E. H. 
Whitcomb St. Paul Minn M [illegible]
1936 - Nov. 18 - Hist to Mrs
Geo. W. Johnson. EL
----------------
1939 - Oct 19 - Hist to
Mrs. Henry L. Kennedy cc
Page 16

Rutland Feby 6th 1835
Hond. Sir as far as I recollect my former Statement it was to this effect That I was born in Glaftenburg in Con - the 6th Novr 1759 and my father removed to Lanesborough Mafsachusetts - Berkshire Co - when I 6 months old where I lived untill the spring of 1772 when he moved to Rutland Vt - where I have resided till this time When the Revolutionary war commenced I was very frequently out in Scouting parties pursuing and waylaing Tories who were making their way along the green mountings to Canada +c. [&c.] That in 1776 I was with the N. Hampshire Militia was stationed on Mt. Hope two or three miles from Ticonderoga and I should think in Col Brewers Regt + Capt Popes Co I was there at the time the American Shiping were deftroyed on the Lake I believe this was two months service I took the place of my oldest Brother who was of a feeble Constitution has long been dead, I was on gard one night about the time of the Battle on the Lake, we were frequently alarmed nights was Standing Sentinal on the bridge over the river which runs from Lake Gorge to Champlain some officers came in the night order the number of Sentinals to be doubled to take up the planks on the bridge and lay them for a breast work +c - Thefe [these] are most of the particulars that occur to my mind respecting this tour of Service. In 1777 we were driven from from these northern Towns and went to Lanesboroug. I vollunteered with the Militia who went to Benington at the time of the battle but was taken Sick and did not get into that memorable battle, did not fully recover my health until Oct -- For my Services 1778 I rely on Lt. John Motts deposition which you have - I had for several years been of the opinion that Congrefs would pafs some acts that would provide for persons in my condition and applied to Lt. Mott by writing for his deposition before the last act was pafsed - and you will pleafe to notice that his deposition was made and executed in the State of Ohio without the agensy of Mr. Temple - In fear of GOD + under the Solemnity of an oath I would not absoutely say that this was a full years Service, but I well know that I enlisted in the winter and before the Snow was gone was ordered (with Capt Lee's company of Continental rangers with whom I was enlisted) to march to Saratoga on to the ground where Burgoin was taken where we Staid but a Short time and then went to Fort Edward where we incamped a few weeks with Col. Warners Regt + then were Sent to this town near the falls on Otter Creek where was a Block houfe [house]
Page 17

and where Maj. Whitcomb arrived took the command and built a picket fort Sent Scouts to the Lake +c Here I was Stationed within a mile of home which I Suppofs to be a great reason why I cannot more particularly remember when my term of Serviced was ended - as the time was not anticipated with that anxiety it would have been had I have been far distant moft Soldiers who were in Maj. Whitcombs department and Capt Lees the years previous (1779) were very deftitute of clothing, some were reduced to nothing but one Shirt and perhaps an old ragged blanket. one Soldier was Sentenced to be whipped for refufing to do Duty in this Situation But was pardoned In their distrefs Lt Mott was Sent off for clothing I understood he went to Genl. Wafhington. He returned with two Suits for each Soldier, ons' winter Clothing was ornamented buttons marked U S A our Summer Suits were a Rifle Frock and overhalls with these sircumftances I fully believe according Lt. Motts depofition that this was considered by the officers a years Service - If I mistake not a reference in my former depofition was made to Motts - In 1779 in March [illegible] I should think I was out two months with Ifaac Clark who was then Capt the company was Stationed in this Town a few days, a boat was built for Otter Creek to carry provisions +c [&c} I was Sent with two or three others into the woods to Collect pine knots + burn out tar to fave the boat we were then Sent to Brandon for the remainder of the term - after our Service was ended Capt Clark went to Albany and drew our wages returned Said his money had been Stolen + refused to pay the Soldiers - some of the Soldiers recovered judgment agt. him years after + I as a civil officer Collected the pay for a number of the Soldiers - I mention these particulars because the worthy Mr. Elie who came from Wafhing on account of T. villany That I must be misken about this Service The good gentleman thought that Clark was an officer in Col Warners Regt and of course could not leave that regt - and raife [raise], and command a company for so Short a term - I hope + believe he was satisfied in this refpect [respect] - In regard to the Services of 1780 you have the deposition of Lt. Hall of Cafteton and altho taken by Temples agency I suppofs there can be no doubt as to the truth of it He know the term of Seroice to be ten months and half by his commifson and this was the only thing that enabled me to be particular in my Statement of this term I know  however that it must be about that term we went to Pittsford in Feby our Scouting party discovered a party of enemy on the Lake
Page 18

Ebenr. Allen was our Maj. Commandant he sent me hastily to carry a Letter to Gov. Chittenden at Arlington distance 57 miles started at 7 o clock evening ran Six miles on foot then obtained a horfe [horse] which could carry me but little faster than I ran on foot but rested me a little It was night road very bad I got horfes where I could find them arrived at the gov. about break of day next morning - got the governors directions to Maj. then returned to Pittsford purfued [pursued] Allen + his men found them at Tycondaroga That night slept in an oven 15 or 20  feet under ground at the end of one of the old Bomb proofs my bed was broken pieces of bricks with which the oven bottom was covered My services through the Campain were to wait on the Surgeon Jacob Rubach lived with the Officers Maj made me overseer of the provision department here we build a P. fort which was called fort Vengeance we had some Alarms, some of our people were taken prisoners near the fort at one time a man was shot very near the fort, was Scalped a hatchet left in his head and a Sword through his body into the ground The drum beat to arms I though all might fight catched my gun + ran onto the parade the Surgeon immediately ordered me in saying I must remain with him, if there was fighting he should soon have enough for himfelf + me to do - In Oct. another party of enemy were discovered at the north. Maj. Allen again directed me to carry tidings to the gov. The Council + genl. Afsembly were seting at Berrington I again Started at 7 in the evening or after dark went four miles with a foot gard then left them and made the best of my way through mud + wood to Berrington 72 miles arrived at nine in the morning was detained till twelve then set my face for the fort arrived at Rutland at Sun Set having travelled 132 miles in lefs than 24 hours befide [beside] the time Detained by the Gov. and difficulty of geting horfes in the night [illegible] again I persued Allen + the Soldiers to the Lake went over (think [illegible] this was the time) and around Bulwagga bay but did not come in contact with the enemy - I can recollect a number of times that I was out in Scouting parties to the Lake and other places when I was not in Stated Service - In deed Sir I can Say that I remember no time when men were called for in this way and on Such Occasions (unlefs I was in actual service) that I did not go. I should have appied for a pension under the first Act of Congrefs But having a Small matter of property I could not Swallow the Oath prescribed That I Stood in need of the Afsistance of government for Support but Hond. + dear Sr - if you can think me deserving of any other pension that I might have been entitled to if that been applyed for reasonably I hope your benevolent feelings will influence you to afsist me in every way that the honr. [honored]+ dignity of your station will permit. If anything further is incumbent on me to convince you of reasonablenefs
Page 19

and propriety of a Continuance of my pension will you be so kind as to point it out that I may know how to proceed In my former application I think you will find Revd Charles Walkers name Stateing that it was his opinion that my Statements were agreable to truth, and I was about applying Genl. Charles Williams for his Signature but Mr Temple offered his own name and affixed it Merits I have received pay up to the 4th of Sept last
Very Refpectfully your obt servt Asa Hale
J L Edwards Commifsioner of Pensions
Page 20

Asa Hale
Page 21

The State of Ohio}
Knox County Ss} I John Mott of Miller Township in the County + State beforesaid being Duely Sworn do depose + say that I am acquainted with Deacon Asa Hale of Rutland Vermont and was acquainted with him during the Revolutionary War that I was a Lieutenant in Captain Lees Company of Rangers in the year 1778 in the service of the United States that the said Asa Hale was a Soldier in sd Company + served one year as such Commencing early in the Winter - of that year + ending the following winter when he was Discharged with the other soldiers belonging to sd Company  And drew their pay + Clothing from the United States + further the Deponant saith not -
John Mott
Sworn + subscribed this 15th Day of January AD 1831 before me - Gideon Mott J. P.

The State of Ohio}
Knox County fs:} I Alex. Elliott Clerk of the Court of Common Pleas for said County do certify that Giddeon Mott Esquire before whom the above affidavit was taken was at the time of taking the same and now is an acting Justice of the Peace for said County, duly Commifsioned + Sworn, to all whose acts as Such full faith + credit is due + ought to be given, as well in Courts of Justice as there onto. And I further certify that the above Signature purporting to be his is genuine. And I further certify that the above named John Mott who has made + Signed the sd. affidavits is a person of Credibility - In Testimony whereof I have hereunto Set my hand + Seal of Office at Mt Vernon this 17 day of January A. D. 1831
Alex Elliott Clk.
Page 22

Asa Hale
Page 23

State of Vermont}
Rutland County Ss} I Elias Hall of Caftelbon [Castleton] in the County + State aforesaid being duly Sworn do depofs + Say that I am acquainted with Asa Hale of Rutland aforesaid and was acquainted with him during the Revolutionary War That I was Lieutenant in Captain Jefse Sawyers Company in the year 1780 in the Vermont troops and were Stationed at Pittsford in Rutland aforsaid That the Said Asa, was a Soldier in Captain Hutchins company under the command of Major Ebenezer Allen that the term of Service commenced the first day of February 1780 and expired the 15th of December following when the said Asa Hale was Legally discharged having Served ten month + fifteen days as a faithful Soldier in Said Service
Elias Hall
Sworn + Subscribed this 7 day of July AD. 1832 before me
R. Temple J Peace

State of Vermont}
Rutland County Ss} I Robert Pierpoint Clerk of the County Court of Rutland County aforesaid do Certify that Robert Temple Esq before whom the above affidavit was taken was at the time of the same + now is an acting Justice of the Peace for Said County duly Commifsioned + Sworn to all of whofe [whose] acts as Such full faith + credit is due and ought to be given
And I further Certify the above named Elias Hall who has made + Signed the Said affidavit is a perfon of Credibility In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand + seal of office at Rutland this 28 day of July A. D. 1832
R. Pierpoint