Revolutionary War Pension and Bounty Land Warrant Application File R. 9,808, for Michael Smith, New York
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(3-1776)
SERVICE 
New York. 
Smith Michael 

NUMBER 
R. 9.808

CONTENTS 
b. May 24, 1748 in Rhinebeck, Dutchess Co. N.Y.
res. at enl. Scotchtown, Orange Co. N.Y. 
res in 1832. Glenville, Schenectady Co. N.Y.
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18446 
Michael Smith N Y. 
original & Supplemented affidavits –
respd
9808 
Hon J. Cramer 

Giles F Yates Esq
Schenectady New York
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WAR DEPARTMENT 
Pension Office, 
May 23 1833 
Sir: 
The evidence in support of your claim under the act of June 7, 1832, has been examined, and the papers are herewith returned. The following is a statement of your case in a tabular form. On comparing these papers with the following rules, and the subjoined notes, you will readily perceive that objections exist, which must be removed, before a pension can be allowed. the notes and the regulations will shew what is necessary to be done. Those points to which your attention is more particularly directed, you will find marked in the margin with a brace, (thus: }). You will, when you return your papers to this Department, send this printed letter with them; and you will, by complying with this request, greatly facilitate the investigation of your claim. 
A Statement, shewing the service of Michael Smith of Schenectady Co NY

[TABLE, BY COLUMN]

Period when the service was rendered. 
Enrolled in 1715 first Expedition in - 1770    In 1778-1779-1780-1781 continually called out 
Duration of the claimant's service.  
cannot detail the term of various services – he recollects in one occasion serving for the term of 2 months & on some occasions for three months & 2 weeks &c & that the whole Period of service was not less than 1 year
Rank of the claimant. 
Private 
Names and Rank of the Company officers under whom he served. 
Capt Thos Goldsmith  Lieut Andrew McCord
Names and Rank of the General and Field officers. 
Major Cad. Colden
Battles in which the applicant was engaged. 
Country through which he marched. 
To Haverstraw  Frequently at Fort Clinton – Montgomery
Place of abode when he entered the service, and age at the present period. 
Scotchtown in Orange County in the State of New York Aged 84
Evidence by which the declaration is supported. 
Traditionary

[END OF TABLE]

I am, respectfully, 
Your obedient servant, 
J. L. EDWARDS, 
Commissioner of Pensions.
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REGULATIONS UNDER THE ACT OF JUNE 7, 1832. 
The following regulations have been adopted: 
This law has been construed to extend, as well to the line, as to every branch of the Staff of the Army, and to include under the terms "Continental Line," "State troops," "militia," and "volunteers," all persons enlisted, drafted, or who volunteered and who were bound to military service, but not those who were occasionally employed with the army upon civil contracts, such as Clerks to Commissaries and to Store Keepers, &c. Teamsters, Boatmen, &c. Persons who served on board of Private Armed Vessels are also excluded from the benefits of the law, as well as persons who turned out as patrols, or were engaged in guarding particular places at night, and were not recognized as being in actual military service. 
Four general classes of cases are embraced in this law: 
1. The Regular Troops. 
2. The State Troops, Militia, and Volunteers. 
3. Persons employed in the Naval service. 
4. Indian Spies. 
As rolls of the regular troops in the Revolutionary War exist in this Department, all persons, claiming the benefit of this law as officers, non-commissioned officers, musicians or privates, will in the first instance, make application by transmitting the following declaration, which will be made before a Court of Record of the County where such applicant resides. And every Court having by law a seal and Clerk is considered a Court of Record. 
DECLARATION. 
In order to obtain the benefit of the Act of Congress of the 7th of June, 1832. 
State, Territory or District of County } ss.
On this ___ day of ___ personally appeared (a) before __ A.B. a resident (b) of ___ in the county of ___  and State, territory or District of ___  ages (c) ___ years, who being first duly sworn, according to law, doth on his oath make the following declaration, in order to obtain the benefit of the provion made by the act of Congress, passed June 7th, 1832. That he enlisted in the Army of the United States in the year (d) ___  , with ___ and served in the ___ (e) regiment of the ___ line, under the following named officers: 
[Here set forth the names and rank of the Field and Company Officers, the time he left the service; (and if he served under more than one term of enlistment, he must specify the particular period, and rank and names of his officers;) the town or county and State in which he resided when he enered the service; the battles, if any, in which he was engaged, and the country through which marched. [ ]This form is to be varied so as to apply to the cases of officers and persons who belonged to the militia, volunteers, navy, &c.] 
He hereby relinquishes every claim (f) whatever to a pension or an annuity, except the present, and he declares that his name is not on the Pension Roll of any Agency in any State, or (if any) only on that of the Agency in the State of ___
Sworn to and subscribed the day and year aforesaid. ____ A. B. 
[And then will follow the certificate of the Court.]
And the said Court do hereby declare their opinion (g) that the above named applicant was a revolutionary soldier, and served as he states. 
I _____ of the Court of ____ do hereby certify (h) that the foregoing contains the original proceedings of the said Court in the matter of the application of ___for a pension. 
In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand and seal of office (i) this ___ day of ___&c. 
If, on examination of the proper record the names of applicants, making such declaration, cannot be found, they will produce such proof as the rule given in note (j) points out. 
Every applicant who claims a pension by virtue of service in the State Troops, Volunteers or Militia, except those who belonged to the New Hampshire Militia and State Troops of Virginia, will make and subscribe a declaration similar to the foregoing, with the following additions, viz:
 (k) We, A. B., a Clergyman, residing in the ___ and C. D. residing in (the same) hereby certify, that we are well acquainted with ___ , who has subscribed and sworn to the above declaration; that we believe him to be ___ years of age; that he is reputed and believed, in the neighborhood where he resides, to have been a soldier of the Revolution, and that we concur in that opinion.
Sworn and subscribed the day and year aforesaid. 
[And then will follow the certificate of the Court.]
And the said Court do hereby declare their opinion, after the investigation of the matter, and after putting the interrogatories prescribed by the War Department, that the above named applicant was a Revolutionary Soldier, and served as he states. And the Court further certifies, that it appears to them that A. B. ___ who has signed the preceding certificate is a clergyman, resident in the ___ and that C.D., who has also signed the same is a resident in the ___ and is a credible person, and that their statement is entitled to credit. 
I ___Clerk of the Court of ___ do hereby certify that the foregoing contains the original proceedings of the said Court, in the matter of the applicacation of ___ for a pension. 
In testimony whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and seal of office, this ___ day of ___&c. 
Every applicant will produce the best proof in his power. This is the original discharge or commission; but if neither of these can be obtained, the party will so state under oath, and will then procure, if possible, the testimony of at least one credible witness, stating in detail his personal knowledge of the services of the applicant, and such circumstances connected therewith, as may have a tendency to throw light upon the transaction. 
If such surviving witness cannot be found, the applicant will so state in his declaration (l) and he will also, whether he produce such evidence or not, proceed to relate all the material facts, which can be useful in the investigation of his claim, and in the comparison of his narrative with the events of the period of his alleged service, as they are known at the Department. A very full account of the services of each person
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will be indispensable to a favorable action upon his case. The facts stated will afford one of the principal means of corroborating the declaration of the applicant, if true, or of detecting the imposition, if one be attempted; and unless, therefore, these are amply and clearly set forth, no favorable decision can be expected. All applicants will appear before some Court of Record in the County, in which they reside, and there subscribe and be sworn to, one of the declarations above provided, according to the nature of his case. 
The Court will propound the following (m) interrogatories to all applicants for a pension, on account of service in the Militia, State troops, or Volunteers, except the Militia of New Hampshire and the State troops of Virginia. 
1. Where and in what year were you born? 
2. Have you any record of your age, and if so, where is it? 
3. Where were you living when called into service; where have you lived since the Revolutionary war, and where do you now live?
4. How were you called into service; were you drafted, did you volunteer, or were you a substitute? And if a substitute, for whom? 
5. State the names of some of the Regular Officers, who were with the troops, where you served; such Continental and Militia Regiments as you can recollect, and the general circumstances of your services. 
6.  {To a Soldier} Did you ever receive a discharge from the service, and if so, by whom was it given and what has become of it?}
6. {To an Officer.} Did you ever receive a commission, and if so, by whom was it signed, and what has become of it?}
7. State the names of persons to whom you are known in your present neighborhood, and who can testify as to your character for veracity, and their belief of your services as a soldier of the Revolution. 
The Court will see that he answers to these questions are embodied in the declaration, and they are requested to annex their opinions of the truth of the statement of the applicant. 
The applicant will further produce in Court, if the same can be done, in the opinion of the Court, without too much expense and inconvenience to him, two respectable persons -one of whom should be the nearest clergyman, if one lives in the immediate vicinity of such applicant, who can testify, from their acquaintance with him, that they believe he is of the age he represents, and that he is reputed and believed in the neighborhood to have been a Revolutionary soldier, and that they concur in that opinion. If one of these persons is a Clergyman, the Court will so certify, and they will also certify, to the character and standing of other persons, giving such certificates. 
The traditionary evidence of service is deemed very important, in the absence of any direct proof, except the declaration of the party. And the Courts are requested to be very particular in the enquiry whether the belief is general, and whether any doubts have ever existed upon the subject. 
Applicants unable to appear in Court by reason of bodily infirmity, may make the declaration before required, and submit to the examination, before a Judge or Justice of a Court of Record of the proper county, and the Judge or Justice will execute the duties, which the Court is herein requested to perform, and will also certify that the applicant cannot, from bodily infirmity, attend the Court. 
Whenever any official act is required to be done by a Judge or Justice of a Court of Record, or by a Justice of the peace, the certificate of the Secretary of State or Territory, or of the proper Clerk of the Court or County, under his seal of office, will be annexed, stating that such person is a Judge or Justice of a Court of Record, or a Justice of the Peace, and that the signature annexed is his genuine signature. 
No payments can be made on account of the services of any person, who may have died before the taking effect of the act of June 7, 1832; and in case of death subsequent thereto, and before the declaration herein required is made, the parties interested will transmit such evidence as they can procure, taken and authenticated before a Court of Record, showing the services of the deceased, the period of his death, the opinion of the neighborhood respecting such services, the title of the claimant, and the opinion of the Court upon the whole matter. 
[a] The declarant must appear in open Court, unless prevented from doing so by reason of bodily infirmity; in which case the declarant will follow the rule laid down for his guidance.
[b] The declarant must make his declaration in the county where he resides. If he should fail to do so, he must assign a sufficient reason for not conforming to the rule.
[c] The age of the claimant must invariably be mentioned. 
[d] The declarant must in the period or periods of the war when he served. 
[e] Every continental officer or soldier must give the name of the Colonel under whom he served; otherwise a satisfactory examination claim cannot be had. Every claimant must state, with precision, the length of his of his service, and the different grades in which he served, in language so definite as to enable the Department to determine to what amount of pension he is entitled. In a case where the applicant cannot, by reason of the loss of memory, state precisely how long he served, he should amend his declaration by making an affidavit in the following words: 
“Personally appeared before me, the undersigned, a Justice of the Peace, &c. A. B. who, being duly sworn, deposeth and saith, that, by reason of age, and the consequent loss of memory, he cannot swear positively as to the precise length of his service; but, according to the best of his recollection he served not less than the periods mentioned below, and in the following grades:--For __ year ___ months , and ___ days I served as a ___. For ___ months and ___days, I served as a ___; and for such service I claim a pension." 
It is important, in all cases, to determine with precision the period for which each applicant served, and the particular rank he held, as the law directs the pension to be paid according to the grade of the pensioner and the length of his service. The use of the phrase about three or four months is too indefinite, and all such qualifying expressions are objectionable.   Some persons who apply for pensions merely state that they served two years in the militia, &c. without specifying the tours, the names of the officers, and other particulars respecting their service. This form of declaration is highly objectionable. It must, in every case, be clearly shown under what officers the applicant served; the duration of each term of engagement; the particular place or places where the service was performed; that the applicant served with an embodied corps called into service by competent authority;  that he was either in the field or in garrison; and for the time during which the service was performed, he was not employed in any civil pursuit.
[f] The law makes the relinquishment indispensable. 
[g] The opinion of the Court is always required. 
[h] The Clerk must give his certificate in every case. 
[i] The Clerk must affix his seal, and if it has no device or inscription by which it can be distinguished from any other seal, or if he has no public seal of office, the certificate of a Member of Congress, proving the official character and signature of the certifying officer, should accompany the papers.
Mode of authenticating papers. 
In every instance where the certificate of the certifying officer who authenticates the papers is not written on the same sheet of paper which contains the affidavit, or other papers authenticated, the certificate must be attached thereto by a piece of tape or narrow ribbon, the ends of which must pass under the seal of office of the certifying officer, so as to prevent any paper from being improperly attached to the certificate. 
Proof of Service. 
[j] In a case where the name of the applicant is not found on the records of the Department, he must prove his service by two credible witnesses who are required to set forth in their affidavits the time of the claimant’s entering the service, and the time and manner of his leaving the same, as well as the regiment, company, and line to which he belonged. The magistrate who may administer the oaths must certify to the credibility of the witnesses, and the official character and signature of the magistrate must be certified by the proper officer, under his seal of office.
[ ] The notes from [a] to [i] are all equally applicable to the cases of Militia men, Volunteers and State Troops, The proof required by rule in note [j] applies in continental troops only.
[k] This traditionary evidence is indispensable in militia cases.
[l] If a witness cannot be found, the declarant must state the fact.
[m] The answers to the interrogatories must all be written, and sent to the War Department, with the declaration.
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Nov. 23d 
Michael Smith 
applicant for a Pension- 
18446 
No 50. to the care of Giles F. Yates Schenectady N.Y. 
(passed)
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State of New York 
County of Schenectady } ss  On this twelfth day of October in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and thirty two personally appeared in open Court before the Judges of the Court of common pleas in and for said County now sitting Michael Smith a resident of the town of Glenville in said County & State, aged Eighty-four years who being first duly sworn according to law, doth on his oath make the following declaration in order to obtain the benefit of the act of Congress passed June 7th 1832 
He was born in the town of Rhinebeck in the County of Dutchess in the State then Colony of New York, the twenty-fourth day of May 1748.- He has no record of his age except that contained in his family Bible – 
When he was called into the service of the United States in the army of the revolution, he was living in the town of Scotchtown in said County of Orange, and since the revolutionary war he has lived in the town Shawangunk Ulster County N.Y. & in said town of Glenville, & he now lives in the town of Glenville aforesaid 
He entered the service of the United States under the following named officers and served as herein stated. 
In the year 1775, he was enrolled in Captain Thomas Goldsmith’s Company of militia in the Regiment commanded by Major Cad: Colden. His first expedition in said company was to Haverstraw where his company joined the standing forces stationed there & remained there on duty more than three weeks This took place in the year 1776, when the
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British landed at New York. While there he was under the command of Lieutenant Andrew McCord. 
During the years 1778, 1779, 1780 & 1781, he was continually called out to perform duty at the frontier posts & passes in the neighborhood where he resided, and for a great part of the time at Forts Clinton & Montgomery - the particular periods of each engagement he cannot possibly specify. He remembers to have served for the term of two months at one time at a frontier town called Nippernagh [Napanoch], when his health was seriously injured - He was also engaged in numerous scouting & reconnoitering parties. When at these different posts & passes he served on some occasions for the term of three weeks, or other occasions two weeks. And the whole period for which he served in these different engagements was not less than twelve months. The following are the names of some of the frontier posts where he thus served besides those before mentioned: viz Newburgh then Hackensack & Hunk 
It never fell to his lot to engage in any battles except when he was in the two months expedition to Nippernogh as aforesaid when he had an encounter with the Indians and tories -
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THE FOLLOWING are the names of some of the regular officers whom he knew, or who were with the troops where he served, and such continental and militia regiments or companies with which he served, or as he can recollect, viz: Captain William Faughender. McGloghery  Colonel, Govr Clinton, Captain Wood 
He never received any written discharge from the service. 
He has no documentary evidence, and knows of no person whose testimony he can procure who can testify to his service 
The following are the names of persons to whom he is known in his present neighborhood, and who can testify as to his character for veracity, and their belief of his services as a soldier of the revolution, to wit John Van Eps Andrew Seamen & the Rev. Elbert Slingerland 
He hereby relinquishes every claim whatever, to a pension or annuity except the present, and declares that his name is not on the pension roll of the agency of any State 
[signed] Michael Smith + his mark
Subscribed and sworn to the day and year first aforesaid 
[signed] John S. Vrooman Clerk.
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Glenville October 8th 1832- 
To whom it may concern – 
I do hereby certify that I have for above 8 years past been intimately acquainted with Mr Michael Smith an inhabitant of this town, that he has always sustained an unblemished moral reputation. Mr Smith is a very respectable member of my Church and is universally regarded as a Gentleman of strict veracity. His recollection of past transactions is dear & any statements made by him in reference to his revolutionary services may doubtless be regarded as substantially correct – 
(Signed) Elbert Slingerland Pastor of 1st R. J. Church Glenville
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from my personal acquaintance with the within Named Michiel [Michael] Smith for more than thirty years I am happy to confirm the with certificate 
Glenville NY October 1832 
[signed] C.S. Conke Justice of the peace
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WE, John Van Eps residing in the Town of Amsterdam in the county of Montgomery, and Andrew Seaman residing in the Town of Glenville in the County of Schenectady do hereby certify that we are well acquainted with Michael Smith who has subscribed and sworn to the above declaration; that we believe him to be eighty four years of age; that he is reputed and believed, in the neighborhood where he resides, to have been a soldier of the revolution, and that we concur in that opinion. 
[signed] John Van Eps  Andrew Seaman
Subscribed and sworn the day and year aforesaid 
[signed] John S. Vrooman Clerk. 

AND THE SAID COURT do hereby declare their opinion after the investigation of the matter, and after putting the interrogatories prescribed by the war department, that the above named applicant was a revolutionary soldier, and served as he states. And the court further certifies that it appears to them that John Van Eps who has signed the above certificate is a resident of the town of Amsterdam aforesaid in the vicinity of the residence of said applicant & that Andrew Seaman who also signed the same, is a resident in the town of Glenville aforesaid & are both credible persons and that their statement is entitled to credit, and it further appears to said Court that said Elbert Kingsland & Cornl S. Conke who have signed the annexed certificates cannot attend court without too much expense & inconvenience to said applicant and that said Elbert is a clergyman of said town of Glenville & that his signature & that of C.J. Conke is genuine –

I John S. Vrooman Clerk of the Court of Common Pleas, in and for the county of Schenectady do hereby certify, that the foregoing contains the original proceedings of the said Court in the matter of the application of Michael Smith for a pension. 
In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand and seal of office, this twelfth day of October in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and thirty-two 
[signed] John S. Vrooman Clerk
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Supplemental affidavit of Michael Smith and affidavit of Mary Smith,- 
Michael Smith applicant for a pension.
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County of Schenectady and State of New York ss }  On this third day of February in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and thirty four before me the undersigned a Justice of  the peace in the City of Schenectady in the County of Schenectady personally appeared Michael Smith the above claimant for a pension under the act of June 7, 1832. who being duly sworn deposeth and saith that by Reason of old age and the consequent loss of memory he cannot swear positively as to the precise length of his service but according to the best of his recollection he served not less than the periods mentioned below and in the following grades. That is to say That in the month of June 1776 he served for three weeks and was stationed at Haverstraw That did duty faithfully for the Term of three weeks when he was honorably discharged 
And this deponent further said that in the year 1777, he was again drafted in the service of the United States in the war of the Revolution in the month of June and was marched from Scotch Town in the County of Orange in the State of New York to Fort Clinton and remained and continued there for the space of one month until some time in July when he was discharged and permitted to return home he never had a written discharge. Captain Falkendor was Captain in the Regiment in his declaration mentioned and this deponent further says that in the year 1778 he was again called out on duty on a draft in the Militia of the State of New York and in the Company and Regiment aforesaid and was marched to
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Fort Clinton in the month of December and remained there for the space of one month where did duty faithfully as a soldier when he was discharged- 
And this deponent further says That in the last mentioned year 1777 he was again called out in the service of the United States of America in the war of the Revolution in the Militia of the State of New York that he was drafted into the said Company of Captain Falkender in the Regiment aforesaid that he was marched from Scotch Town aforesaid to Newburgh where he continued to do duty faithfully for the space of five weeks during this period he was a sergeant in the said Company the same time Sopus [Esopus] was burnt 
And this deponent further says that in the year 1778 he was again drafted in the Company of Captain Faulkender and in the Regiment aforesaid while residing at Scotch Town aforesaid and was marched to Fort Clinton and remained there for the space of one month from the first of September until the first of October.
And this deponent further says that in the year 1780. He was drafted in the last mentioned Company and Regiment and was marched from his said place of Residence to Knippanaugh [Napanoch] and Continued there doing duty faithfully as a soldier for the space of two months when he was discharged. In the month of October Sept & November And this deponent further says that in the year 1780 in the month of December he was again called out in the service of his country in
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State of New York 
County of Schenectady ss } Mary Smith being duly sworn doth depose and say that she is well acquainted with the aforesaid Michael Smith and that she has been acquainted with him ever since the year 1777, and that she well knows that he the said Smith did Militia duty as a good and faithful soldier in the war of the Revolution as stated in his said foregoing deposition for the space of five weeks at Newbergh [Newburgh] and at Knippenaugh [Napanoch] two months and at Hackensack one month and further this deponent says not.- 
[signed] Mary Smith + her mark
Sworn before me this 3d day of February 1834 
[signed] J. D. Harman Justice of the peace 

I the Justice before whom the foregoing deposition of Mary Smith was taken do hereby certify that I am acquainted with her and that she is a woman whose statement is entitled to the fullest credit and that she is a woman of truth and veracity. 
[signed] J. D. Harman Justice of the peace 

County of Schenectady State of New York ss
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said war and was marched from his aforesaid place of residence to Hackensack and continued to do duty there faithfully as a soldier for the space of one month when he was discharged. he never had a written discharge in said Company & Regiment.- 
And this deponent further says that he has detailed as specific a manner as possibly he can the periods of his service that he was frequently out on other periods of service not herein enumerated that he claims a pension for the Term of eight months and that he is confident that there is a great deal of service that he cannot specify and further says not
[signed] Michael Smith  + his mark
Sworn before me this 3d day of February 1834
[signed] J. D. Harman Justice of the peace
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I John Vrooman Clerk of the Court of Common Pleas the County of Schenectady Do hereby certify that Joshua D. Harman the person before whom the foregoing depositions were taken was at the time the same bear [?] date a Justice of the Peace in the City of Schenectady in the County of Schenectady and State of New York 
In Testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand and affixed the seal of the said Court this third day of February in the year of our Lord one thousand Eight hundred and thirty four.
[signed] John S Vrooman  Clerk
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[stamped] REJECTED
P.O. Michael Smith 
Service: 
Enlisted:   18.
Discharged:   18.
Application filed: 18.
[Alleges:, Re-enlisted:, crossed out]  The printed list of 1852 given cause of suspension as “Suspended for the production of Colonel Faulkner’s rolls, who resides in Walkill, Orange Co.”
Attorney: 
P. O. --- 
Recognized.   Contract.
Cert. of Dis.    Searched for   18.
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New York   R9808   Rev
Michael Smith 
Suspended act 7 Jun ‘32 
letter March 4 ’34 to Hon J. Cramer
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Hon J. Cramer 
NY


Recd Vol. 36 pa. 301.
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War Department 
Pension Office 
March 4. 1834 
Sir 
In relation to the claim of Michael Smith. I have the honor to report that the papers have again been examined-- Mr Smith alleges that he had served in pursuance of a draft in Capt Faulkners Company Col Clougherys regiment in the years 1777. 1778. 1780 - That regiment belonged to the state troops, the men composing it were enlisted generally for Eight months- 
Capt Faulkner was not long since living at Walkill County of Orange - He is understood to be in possession of rolls of the man who served under him - His affidavits and any documentary evidence he may have in support of this claim should be produced 
The papers and placed on file
[signed] J. Cramer House Reps [illegible]
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THE NATIONAL ARCHIVES 
Form VAM-51 
12-5-41 
BOUNTY LAND WARRANT RECORD CARD* 
Division of Veterans' Administration Archives 
NAME Smith, Michael    GRADE  Private  LINE Virginia
WARRANT NUMBER  12535  ACREAGE  100  ISSUED December 14, 1795 to Robert Camp, assignee 
*The information concerning the issuance of warrants carded on this form is found in volumes 2 to 4 of "Land Warrants Issued Prior to 1800" which are registers of bounty land warrants issued to non-commissioned officers and privates under congressional resolutions of September 16, 1776, and subsequent dates. Other records relative to the applications for warrants appear to have been destroyed in the War Department fire of November 9, 1800. Information concerning warrants surrendered to the Federal Government is to be found in General Land Office records in The National Archives.