Norfolk gazette and publick ledger (Norfolk [Va.]), 1805-08-05 00:00:00

Captain Dulton whose arrival with despatches from our Ministers in Spain, we noticed in our last, has got to Washington; but nothing of the contents or nature of those despatches has transpired, the President being at Monticello, and the Secretary of State on a tour to the northward.
SPOLIATION. —A person who possessed the means, has made an investigation of the risk from the United States to Jamaica, and from that Island to the United States. From the examination of an authentic record, it appears, that for six months commencing the first of January last, that one vessel out of four, bound to and from Jamaica, has been captured by French and Spanish privateers.
Those who calculate that the spirit for plunder will diminish, but by the application of force will find themselves miserably deceived.
MORE SPOLIATION. —We are sorry to announce the capture of the sloop George , Captain Reynolds of this port. The following are the circumstances of this recent act of piracy. The George was bound from this port to Honduras; on her passage, off Bermuda, she lost her Rudder, this circumstance obliged the master to put into Turks Island, where he arrived on the 12th July on; the evening of the 14th a small French schooner privateer came into the harbour and cut the George out. Two shots were fired at the privateer which expended all the ammunition in the fort; no damage was done to the privateer who got safely off with her prize.
Where this will end it is impossible to calculate.—Are we to look for a termination of the evil in the annihilation of our commerce, the ruin of our merchants, and the failure of our revenue? or may we hope that the energy of our government, will arrest this infamous system of depredation?
By a letter from Washington, we learn, that the frigate Adams , was so nearly completed in her equipments, that we have reason to believe by this time she has left the Eastern Branch. It is said, that she is intended to protect our commerce on the coast, and to drive away the French and Spanish privateers, which have for months past, molested our trade to an alarming extent. The activity of the British cruizers has pretty well cleared our coast from those pirates, there may be however, business enough for the Adams , we are sincerely rejoiced, and give the measure our hearty commendation. We anticipate in this measure, a firm and decided conduct, which alone can produce respect to our flag. But what can the Adams do alone? She is herself, unequal to the protection of such an extensive coast as that of the United States. Something might be done by joining to her, six or eight sloops, brigs, and light sloops of war.
By the letter which is above alluded to, we also learn, that the keel of one of the seventy-four gun ships is to be immediately laid at Washington.
In our last we noticed the two situations in which the fleet of Lord Nelson was said to have been met with by Captains Hunley , of the schooner Jason , and Friendly , of the schooner Regulator : by the former, on the 29th of June, in latitude 34° 49' N. and longitude 42° 05' W.—by the latter, on the 21st of July, in latitude 31° 20' N. and longitude 64° 16' W.—and in our remarks we inadvertently stated that his Lordship must have steered a course south-eastward. In this, through hurry, we committed an error so apparent that we suppose every reader would be able to correct it.—The true course, between the two given places, will be found to be, as nearly as possible, W by S, and the distance about 1130 miles.
We are as much as ever at a loss to reconcile these two reports. When spoken by Captain Hunley , on the 29th of June, Nelson had been sixteen days from Antigua; and had made good a distance of about 1500 miles, on a course N. 45° E.—But as he could not proceed to the eastward until out of the trade winds, but must have steered North & N. N. W. until he reached latitude 28 at least, the distance which he ran in this time must have been much greater. By keeping so much to the South, it would appear as if his Lordship's intention had been to return to the Mediterranean, or to Cadiz: for either of which places he was in a direct course: to arrive at the latter he had to proceed about 1770 miles N. 5° W.—to the middle of the entrance into the Straits, about 1780 miles N. 2° W.—to Madeira about 1260 miles E. 6° S.—or to the most southward of the Western Islands [Town of St. Mary] about 835 miles E. 9° W.—We give these calculations that our readers, if they do not like our supposition, may give the British fleet such destination as may be most agreeable to themselves.
If the fleet spoken on the 21st of July, by Captain Friendly , was that of Lord Nelson, the conjecture in our last still retains its probability: or has this only to controvert it, that it is not probable his Lordship would have run as far as twenty two degrees (if not more) just along the outside of the trade winds, where mariners very well know the current of wind is somewhat in the nature of an eddy, and generally prevails from the Westward or W. S. W.;—and this as far perhaps as lat. 33° N.; at this season of the year, when the sun is near the Northern tropic, perhaps farther.
But as we are unable to assign any good reason why Lord Nelson should so soon return to the West Indies, we are disposed to the belief that Captain Friendly may have mistaken some other fleet for his. After his Lordship had ascertained that the French had actually left the West Indies, he must have concluded that it was returning to Europe. As the pre-
sumption is that he returned to his own station, unless he received unequivocal proofs of the course of his Enemy. He would reasonably suppose that if the French were bound for the Channel or for Ireland, they would there be encountered by some of the fleets destined for the defence of those places; but that if bound back to Cadiz or to the Mediterranean, they would there find no force to check them until he should arrive. Therefore we find him on the 29th of June so far advanced in a direct course for the Straits. And we cannot, on mature deliberation, admit that he has so precipitately changed his intention; unless, in the interim, he received some unequivocal intelligence respecting the movements of VILLENEUVE.
What fleet, then, was it that was spoken by the Captain of the Regulator , nearly in the longitude of Tortola, or about 60 miles S. 27° W. from Bermuda. We, perhaps, do not hazard too much in supposing that it may have been the Fleet of Vice Admiral COLLINGWOOD, with Sir Eyre Coote's expedition. Mr. Pitt assured the Planters that measures were taken for the safety of Jamaica: our last accounts from England mention the sailing of this fleet; and if bound directly to Jamaica, they were spoken in a very probable situation. They would naturally wish to keep clear of the Islands, to prevent any alarm being given to the enemy. This, at present, seems most likely to be the case.
MARRIED. —Last evening, by the Rev. Mr. Grigsby, Mr. JOHN WARREN to Mrs. BENNETT, both of this Borough.
The Branch Bank of the United States at Baltimore was broke into on Saturday night the 28th ult. The following account is extracted from the Federal Gazette.
Few robberies have been committed of a more audacious nature than the above.—The hour of the evening (between 8 and 10) fixed upon for its perpetration, and the publick situation of the bank, would have ensured its safety from the common villain; but so daring and so perfectly well acquainted with the avenues leading to the interior of the bank, were these ruffians, that they completely succeeded in progressing as far as their physical strength could carry them, and effected their escape with a cumbrous iron chest, which it would require at least two sturdy fellows to carry off. They made their entry first at the back gate, the lock of which they forced—then through a back door into the hall, the door of which they also forced. This brought them to the door at the bank, which could not have been opened without the utmost violence and exertions—Every drawer that was locked now flew before them, where there was a prospect of coming at any money.—The outer door of the vault was wrenched open, and the inner from door, from the difficulty of getting a purchase on it, alone resisted their assaults, though its strong soap-stone frame bears many violent marks of the crowbar. Fortunately, however, their strength failed them here, and they thought proper to decamp with the iron chest—a small compensation for the risk they must have run.
The chest was found yesterday in the Falls, below the lower bridge, by some boys who were swimming.—It had been broken open and rifled of its contents.
It may be proper to remark, that the cashier, with his family, had retired to his country seat, and that the young gentleman who lodges in the bank, was the first to perceive the devastation that had been made, when going to his lodgings, about 10 o'clock on Saturday evening. The bank watch had also only just met at their post.
DARING ROBBERY!
Yesterday morning, as Mr. JOHN PETER, one of the clerks in the Bank of Columbia, was on his way from George-Town to this place with between sixteen and seventeen thousand dollars in notes of the Bank of Alexandria, for the purpose of having them exchanged—At the small branch near the hedge of brambles, between the lands of Charles Alexander and Charles Alexander, jun. about one and an half miles from Alexandria, a man appeared from the side of the road who seemed to be in the act of crossing it, but on getting near his horse he seized the bridle and discharged a pistol at said Peter, the contents of which lodged in his side; but from present appearances, we are happy to mention the wounds are believed not to be mortal. From the best information that can be obtained, it appears, that the man who committed the robbery on Mr. Peter, is of middling stature, a young man, with a black or blue body coat, white vest, nankin pantaloons, and shoes, (some say half boots)—He was at the stage office in George-Town on Monday evening—crossed the ferry towards Alexandria the same evening, and lodged in a small house kept by one Benson, about four miles from the ferry. After committing the act, he ran towards a thicket of wood west of the town. He is said to be an active man and of tolerably genteel appearance.
The following is a correct list of the notes, &c. taken from Mr. Peter, and of the different banks they belonged to:
 A Post Note of the Bank of Virginia, (Richmond) for 800 dollars.  A Post Note of the Bank of Alexandria, 500 dollars.  One other of the same Bank, 500 dollars.  One of ditto, 450 dollars.  One ditto, of the Bank of Potomack, 149 dollars 65 cents.  A Check on the Bank of Alexandria, signed by R. Higginbotham, Cashier of the Union Bank, for 500 dollars.  Besides the above there were some current Post Notes which cannot be described.—Alex. Post.
More Democratick dissonance. —The following curious paragraph is copied from the Boston Gazette. Poor Tony Pasquin has fallen low indeed, when the editors of the Lying Chronicle, so called, find it necessary to cast him off. U. S. Gaz.
TO THE PUBLICK. After fighting the battles of the Republicans of New-England, with more zeal than ability, I am suddenly, and I think I may be allowed to add, ungratefully, compelled to retire from writing the Editorial matter for the INDEPENDENT CHRONICLE. The extraordinary causes which led to this secret direction of the bow string, shall be circumstantially published.—Being thus abruptly situated, I request all persons, to whom I am indebted, to send their accounts—and all persons, who are indebted to me to make immediate payment, to enable me to be just, before my departure from this town.
J. M. WILLIAMS. Commonly called ANTHONY PASQUIN. Boston July 24, 1805, at Mr. Suter's, } South-end.
P. S. The ostensible causes, as used by Mr. Adams to me, for this ungenerous measure, are—First that
there is an irresistible prejudice operating against me—The second reason is, that his country subscribers do not like the arguments of a FORIGNER, in their behalf.—It is certainly somewhat curious, in the order of policy, that the malediction of an opponent, should be embraced to destroy the credit of a friend!—That the subscribers to the Chronicle, in the town, as well as the country, should not admire my arguments, is not very surprising; but that they should dislike them, because I am a FOREIGNER, is rather singular; however, as I have left the concern, much better than I found it, I trust the Proprietors will not grievously lament the hour, when I had the honour of acquiring their good will.
FROM THE VIRGINIA GAZETTE.
To the Citizens of Virginia.
FELLOW-CITIZENS,
You boast that you are free. The boast becomes you; but are you what freemen ought to be?—generous. No, you are sordid; and let the patriotism, the wisdom, or the philanthropy of your legislature be what it will, if by taxation it shall burthen you a cent in the dollar, for the furtherance of justice, the dignity of the state, or even the purposes of humanity, you become offended with the liberal minded men who have voted for the tax, and resolve that they shall no longer hold the strings of your purses, for these republican purposes, though justice should lose her balance, dignity sink into meanness, and humanity change its name for that of its contrary, cruelty to man. I have seen you turn your legislators aside, because they voted for a scanty addition to the salary of him, who by a well informed conscience, forced the unconscionable to do what the God of nature, and each conscientious man must approve. After the vote the salary was not equal to the decent support of an ordinary family in the city of Richmond, and far inferior to that which ought to be given, or which would induce any man, fitted as he is, for his arduous and laborious task, by profound research into the civil law, the common law of England, the decisions which have taken place in that country, in matters of equity, and, as well the laws of the land, as the decisions which have taken place concerning them, or laws similar to them in this, or any other country, to enter upon such an Herculean employment. Yet, sundry delegates lost their seats, because they voted that so high a salary should be allowed.
This deterred all future delegates from taking such measures as might influence the most learned, and most virtuous part of the bar, to look up to the bench; and this causes our judges, at large, to have such scanty provisions, that they cannot subsist with that dignity, which their stations require, if they dedicate the whole of their time and talents to the exercise of their duty. I ask, is such parsimony either truly economical, or political? Must it not degrade the bench below the bar? Is it not likely, that it will ever give a superiority to the latter, as to talents? And is not such a state of things a reproach to a free and enlightened country?
These are not the only departments in life where similar inconveniencies arise from similar causes. It is not made the interest of any man of capacity to hold an office. Vanity may prompt some to aspire at offices, for which they are not fit. They are gratified by a name, and the right of appearing at times, in official characters to which others might add dignity; but which they must disgrace; tickles their silly vanity, and that being once gratified they soon become tired, and find some other business more profitable, and none so irksome, as the snare, the need, the grin of bystanders make the exercise of their duty. The least trifle, therefore, becomes an excuse for neglecting it, and publick business lies undone, because publick officers are incapable.
But even that is not the worst; for the very self same parsimony which excludes the most wise and most worthy from office, adds greatly to the expence of the nation. Those who have business at publick boards, or with courts, attend at time. The court does not sit, or the board is not complete. The time of the suitors is spent in worse than idleness, and their expences, when disappointed, taking all that is so spent through the nation in the course of a year together, would afford competent salaries to all the officers in the state; but fall in a manner much less just that they would do, and the salaries of officers, raised by general taxes, to the value of the services to be performed, intitle those who are not in office to upbraid, or even to punish officers for their neglects.
In a free state the laws ought to govern, contracts ought to be sacredly observed, and the law ought to deprive no living man of his legal rights. If I am correct in this, then I am also correct, when I say, that republican Virginia has never considered these as republican principles, but has ever permitted her avarice, or her parsimony to set them aside.
The law gave each clergyman of the Church of England 16,000 lb. of tobacco, as a salary for his life by as strong a tenure, as that whereby any tenant in fee hold his land, provided he did not resign his right, and should not be deprived by Ecclesiastical censures for misbehaviour. After induction or admission into a parish, a perfect contract existed between the minister and his parishioners, that the first, should pay, and the last receive 16000 lb. of tobacco. There was seldom above, and frequently not two ministers in a country. It would have been absurd to say that they were represented, as to the contract between them and their parishioners, in an assembly where they could not sit, and for the election of which, they seldom had above one vote in two hundred, all the balance voting to put a certain portion of what they took from them into their own pockets and for cancelling their own contract, though under the sanction of an express law, for their own emolument. Yet this was done, and every parish minister first lost 16000 lb. of tobacco per annum, by sequestration, and soon after by privation, by the act of the very persons who ought to have paid it. But, perhaps, I shall be here told that the law imposing on parishes the necessity of paying this salary to their ministers was made under a monarch. I answer, so were the laws by which the parishioners held their lands, nay the laws by which they held their lands, might be properly considered as made by the arbitrary will of the monarch, while the others were projected by the parishioners themselves, matured by their representatives, and, at their request, established by the assent of the monarch. Be that as it may, admit, for the sake of argument, that at the revolution, lands held of the monarch became allodial, in the hands of the holders, and clear of all burthens, though originating in their own contracts, and for the sake of argument let us support that the community, (and neither the Church nor the Clergy) became entitled to the Glebes, Churches, Church ornaments, or Church plate.
How will the case then stand? A law of the commonwealth made in October 1784, when monarchy on longer influenced its councils, and on the Church of England was called "the established Church" by way of contradiction, contains these remarkable words, "the minister and vestry-men of the different parishes now instituted, or which hereafter may be instituted within this commonwealth, that is to say, the minister and vestry-men of each parish respectively, or in case of vacancy, the vestry of each parish, and their successors for ever are hereby made a body corporate and politic by the name of the ministry and vestry of the Protestant Episcopal Church, in the Parish where they respectively reside, and by the name, style, and title
they and their successors shall forever lawfully have, hold, use and enjoy, all and every tract or tracts of glebe land already purchased, the churches and chapels already built, with the burying grounds belonging to them, and such as were begun, and contracted for before the first day of January, in the year one thousand seven hundred and seventy seven, for the use of the parishes, with their hereditaments and appurtenances, and all books, plate, and ornaments appropriated to the use of, and every other thing the property of the late established Church, to the sole and only use and benefit of the Protestant Episcopal Church, in the parish where the respective ministers and vestries reside."
I never had the honour to legislate, yet I presume to suppose that I understand legislative language when written in my mother tongue, and from the words above quoted, I draw the following conclusions.
 1st. That Church which before October 1784, was the only established Church in Virginia, I mean the Church of England, was considered by the legislature of that period, as no longer retaining that character, for it is called "the late established Church."  2nd. Its property, and all books, plate and ornaments formerly appropriated to its use were considered as having become the property of the community, whose legislature had a right to dispose thereof.  3rd. The legislature did dispose of it to a church, called the Protestant Episcopal Church, which for the purpose of holding that property, incorporated and empowered it to hold under a corporate title forever.  4th. In that title, one name, "the name of the minister" being that of a single person, might at times become extinct, which would cause a vacancy in the corporation, and during that vacancy, the rights of the corporation were to continue in the vestry, and revert in the persons named so soon as the vacancy should be supplied. 
If I am correct in this, then I must declare a further opinion, that a clear relinquishment was made by the community of all title to the property in question, and that no man in it, held his hands by so sacred a title, as the new corporation held the property which was thus vested in it by the legislature, for a perpetuity; and, without fear of contradiction, I venture to add, that no man, nor human institution has a right to resume property, which it has once given away. I say further that a corporation cannot be justly destroyed, unless it has broken its charter, nor can its members be deprived of their property even for that cause; and yet, my countrymen! you who would not consent to be taxed by a body wherein you were not represented, and a King from whom you derived your lands, did yourselves deprive unoffending men of their all, after you had given it to them, that you might place it in your own pockets. Why? because the tyranny was profitable to the tyrants.
Of a kin to this anti-republican conduct in the legislature of Virginia, for the gratification of their avarice and that of their constituents; but in opposition to their constitution, is the act declaring that tenants of lands and slaves in title, shall hold the same in fee simple. By this law has many a parent, and many a guardian been deprived of the consideration of this contract, whereby he has given up his daughter or ward, with a handsome fortune, to one holding an estate tail, or an heir in tail, under a conviction, that her children would enjoy the inheritance, which must have happened had the law never been made, or made only to have effect, when things became entire; but by the aid of it, such children have often been cut off with a shilling.—O tempora!—O mores!
In Virginia, laws like those are carried strictly into effect, because it is the interest of those, for whose benefit they were made, to have them executed, however destructive they may be to others, and even to honest or republican principles; but here our people do not stop; but they will not excuse other laws which add lustre to the state; because they may diminish the weight of their purses by the value of a few cents.
Nothing is more disgraceful to a community, than its publick servants should be unable to procure their wages when they become due, and that those engaged in publick works should be necessitated to seek a livelihood from individuals, because the community cannot compensate their labour; yet such has often been the state of our treasury, and the city of Richmond affords sundry monuments of that penury.
To have good roads adds dignity to a commonwealth, and the Roman exhibited its aqueducts, and its Appian and other ways, as evidences of its grandeur, but here, our bridges (where no toll is paid,) and our roads are in a most ruinous situation, though our laws if executed, would make them equal to any in the world, and generally at less expence.
Free schools for the education of the children of the poorer sort, add dignity to, promote virtue in, and promise security among all societies of men. Yet the act passed in November 1796, entitled "An act to establish Publick Schools," has not, so far as I have heard, been carried into effect in any county within the commonwealth. Why? I answer, because the expences of such establishments must be defrayed by the inhabitants of each county, in proportion to the amount of their publick assessments and county levies, to be ascertained by the aldermen of each county respectively: I add, too, that I have heard that in the city of Richmond, the only place where the thing has been attempted, the Common Hall has hitherto seemed to be afraid to keep the establishment in that fair and equal way, and never did pursue it; but the more unfair, and unequal way of providing for the institution by subscription.
For shame Virginians! you boast of your strength, your riches! your freedom! Other republics have done so before you; but it was of the strength of their nation, of the overflowing of their treasuries, which were always sufficient to maintain the dignity of their states, and though in their families, they were not luxurious, yet that they had always equal laws, and arms in their hands whereby they could overwhelm every approach to tyranny at home and repel invasions from abroad. Their temples were magnificent, their fortifications secure, their publick works becoming a great people, and their magistrates, not only adorned with those mental qualifications, but also those external insignia, which became their stations, though they frequently returned to the mass of the people. Follow, my countrymen, follow such glorious examples, and then you need not boast of your freedom—for the world will see that you are republicans indeed. A FELLOW CITIZEN.
Extract of a letter from a gentleman at Fort Massac, to the Editor of the Kentucky Gazette, dated June 8, 1805.
"Gen. Wilkinson and suite arrived here a few days ago, on his way to take charge of the government of Upper Louisiana, to which he has been lately appointed; he also holds his rank as commander in chief of the U. S. army, of which St. Louis will be the head quarters. From this union of civil and military in the same arm, will, no doubt, result a very energetick government. He remains at this place some time, to make arrangements for the organization of his government, in which it is conjectured he is aided by col. Aaron Burr who arrived here two days since, on his way to New-Orleans.
"We have heard nor seen nothing to confirm or strengthen the supposition that col. Burr is to succeed W. C. C. Claiborne in the government of the Territory of New-Orleans. The general pays him the most marked attention; and Burr appears to take the greatest pains to conciliate the esteem of every person about him."

A letter from Jonathan Cushing, esq. surgeon of the late frigate Philadelphia, now a captive in Tripoli, to Dr. Mitchell, dated 24th November, 1804.
DEAR SIR, I hope you will excuse me for the liberty I take in suggesting to you, a few remarks which have occurred since my captivity. The Bashaw has taken me from the prison where my fellow-officers are confined, and ordered me to attend his sick slaves, who are principally Neapolitans, negroes, and unfortunate crew. Some of the latter, I saw this morning chained to a cart loaded with stones, which they were dragging through the town to repair the fortifications. They complain much of hunger, cold, hard labour and the lash of the whip. I confess I never saw anything that wounded my feelings equal to the sight of those poor fellows. I have liberty to walk in the town, but am attended by a Turk, who is loaded with weapons of war. I am not allowed to visit any of the fortifications nor any of the foreign consuls. Captain Bainbridge endeavours to relieve the wants of his crew, are often countermanded by our new masters. Five of our countrymen have turned Turks, and I have paid their last debt of nature. Diarrhoea and dysentery have often appeared among our crew, but on a free use of Carbonate of Soda (Natron) which is found in abundance in this country, and often white-washing the walls of the prison with lime where they sleep, it soon disappears. Our crew are now very healthy.
During the several attacks upon this town by our squadron under the command of Commodore Preble, many Turks were killed and wounded, and several men burnt by the explosion of their own powder. I had an opportunity of seeing their method of curing burns in particular, many of which extended over the whole body. The bashaw has all his wounded brought into an apartment in the castle, where he visits them and makes them a present of 10 dollars each. He then orders his surgeons and Mamelukes to dress their wounds; he often assists with his own hands. The Mamelukes are his body guards; the Marabouts are employed to expel evil spirits, and make intercession with Mahomet their prophet, for their recovery. Those that were burnt, were first anointed with honey, carefully preserving the skin as much as possible, and keeping the parts exposed to the air. They then sprinkle the ulcerated parts, if any with a fine powder of white-lead, (Ceruse); this is repeated at short intervals, until a scab is formed, that is carefully preserved until a cure is accomplished, which is remarkably soon.
I hope and expect that in due time my country will honourably, and to the astonishment of barbarians and tyrants, liberate us from the chains of slavery, and restore us to our native land, happy land the thoughts of which is a healing balm to our souls in their miserable bondage.
COMMERCIALLY INTERESTING. The following Regulations of the Intendant-General of the Island of Cuba have been obligingly translated and handed to us, by a gentleman, to whom the publick has been frequently indebted for his useful communications. The original has been left in our possession. In about two months time we shall probably see it announced from the Consul General at Philadelphia.
"SENIOR DON RAFAEL ROUPAUD, Intendant General of this island, has determined, in a decree of the 28th June last, that the regulations pointed out in the manifest or ordinance, of the 8th Feb. anterior, for the general administration of the revenues of the marine, for the commerce of neutrals, receive the following addition.
"The Consuls or Vice-Consuls of the neutral ports from whence expeditions are made (and in the case of their being no Consuls resident therein, the persons authorised by the Minister Plenipotentiary of his Majesty) shall certify to the accounts or invoices, with the expression of the particular port of the Island to which they are directed; with an individual relation of the number, weight, measure, quality and value of the kinds and effects comprehended in the cargo; under the intelligence or knowledge that whatsoever shall be discovered that was not included in the invoice, will be confiscated without any indulgence." N. Y. Gaz.
The Salt Mountain Melted. —A letter from SETH HUNT, Esq. secretary of one of the Louisiana Departments, written since his arrival in that domain, says, "The story of the Salt Mountain has no foundation in truth." It will be well for the people of the United States, if the Salt Mountain story be the only deception played off upon them respecting their Louisiana hard bargain. Colum. Cen.
The publick and spirited opposition which Mr. Elliot, of Vermont, has volunteered against some of the violent measures of the democratic party—the important disclosure he has made of their arbitrary arrangements for accomplishing their plans—his assertions of the dangerous views and opinions entertained by distinguished leaders—and the abuse which has in consequence been heaped upon him by the presses of the revolutionists—have created a curiosity for some particulars of the life of this gentleman. We have therefore copied the following from "The Farmer's Cabinet," printed at Amherst, N. H. [Palladium.]
FROM THE CABINET. BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES OF THE HONOURABLE JAMES ELLIOT.
This gentleman, who has of late attracted so much notice, is now little more than 50 years of age. Born of parents who were unfortunate, though honest and religious; he, in his youth, encountered the many disadvantages of poverty. His father, who was a seafaring man, died early, and left to the care of their mother, three children, of whom the subject of this memoir, is the eldest. She soon after moved from her residence at Cape-Ann, (Mass.) to New-Salem, in the north-westerly part of that state. Here with her own hands she maintained herself and children. Notwithstanding her straitened condition, she was not negligent in the early education of her children; but, with the first rudiments of learning, instilled into their minds the principles of virtue and religion. Her eldest son evinced a very early and extraordinary propensity to study; when a very child, his amusement and delight was to be perpetually engaged with a book. By asking occasional assistance, he was soon enabled to read the few books possessed by his mother. Before he had completed his seventh year, he had several times read the different books of the Old and New Testaments. It may be considered as a fortunate circumstance, both for himself and his country, that the momentous truths of the scriptures were so early impressed on his mind.
From seven to fourteen years of age, he lived at Petersham, Mass. with a Capt. Sanderson, in the capacity of a servant. This gentleman taught him the rudiments of English Grammar; this, I believe, was nearly all the literary instruction he ever received after the age of seven years. His reading and information were considerably enlarged during his continuance in Petersham; here he began to have his thoughts deeply engaged in politics.
Petersham, at the time here alluded to, was distinguished for its piety. That a youth of a disposition active and ardent, should not entirely escape infection in such a place, is not surprising. Young Elliot was insensibly drawn into the practice of gam-
ing, and was sometimes guilty of profanity. His principles afterwards overcame these habits.
Quitting the service of Capt. Sanderson at the age of fourteen, he was, not long after, engaged as clerk of a retail store, in Guilford, Vermont. Here his acquaintance was extended, and he received some particular notice from two or three literary gentlemen. Here also he first commenced scribbling; afterwards he became a considerable writer in the newspapers.
During his stay at Petersham, he perused Rollin's Ancient History, with great attention. The noble deeds of heroes recorded in that work, were calculated to operate very powerfully on an imagination ardent like his. Hence he longed to signalize himself in the field of battle. He, accordingly, in July 1793, enlisted at Springfield, Mass. as a non-commissioned officer in a company destined for the western posts.
Remaining at Springfield, on the recruiting service in the spring of 1794, he engaged in a newspaper dispute with a federal writer; and at the same time ranged himself decidedly on the side of the democratic party.
At the commencement of the French revolution, it is well known that extravagant democratic theories were advocated in the United States. Mr. Elliot, as well as the great body of the people in this country, was at first ardently attached to the cause of the French revolutionists.
Mr. Elliot was called to the western country in the summer of 1794. But this was no scene in which he could acquire glory. The dull, unvaried exercises of the camp, and the want of congenial company, rendered him discontented with his situation. He amused himself with some books he had carried with him, and with making excursions in the agreeably romantic wilds of the western country.
In the autumn of 1796, he returned to Guilford, and soon after issued proposals for printing a volume of his miscellaneous essays, in prose and verse. The success of his proposals did not answer his expectations. The volume, however, appeared in 1798. (To be continued.)
* He was born at Cape-Ann, now Gloucester, Mass. April 29, 1775.
Many of the observations of Mr. Elliot, have prevented his enjoying the respect of the federalists as a politician. They have listened to him, however, as a democrat giving evidence against his party—and they naturally wished for some account of the witness. [Palladium.]
Many remarks have been made on a paragraph in the last Oracle, headed "The National Bank trembling!" We assure our readers that a sober fact was asserted in that paragraph as will be seen by turning to the Oracle of July 6; and should we refuse them as illegal, or accept them as good, we violate a law of the country or the state—We are really in a sad dilemma. N. H. paper.
Letters from London, mention that Mrs. ELIZA BUONAPARTE, wife of Jerome receives every mark of attention and hospitality, from the English nobility and people. She is attended by her brother and Dr. Caver, an eminent French physician, the same who accompanied her to this town last summer. We have no correct accounts of the fate of her husband, since he left Lisbon. It is not impossible, as a French officer, he will be tried for disobedience of orders in not returning to Europe, in the frigate sent out for him, and imprisoned.—We have heard it said, that before Mr. Livingston left Paris, one of the French ministry informed him, that the Emperor had thought, as Jerome had connected himself with the daughter of an American merchant, of settling him in the United States; and requested Mr. L. to name what would be a proper establishment for him. Mr. Livingston accordingly named, we understand, 50,000 dollars for a town, and 20,000 for a country house, per annum.—This the Emperor did not think too large; and Mr. Livingston was asked to mention the funds in which it would be the most advantageous to invest the money.—The Louisiana Stock was accordingly named. Soon after, however, Mr. L. was informed, that Jerome having disobeyed the Emperor's commands, and otherwise treated him with disrespect, he had determined to do nothing more for him; and thus the negotiation ended. Bos. Gaz.
MADAME TALIEN. The celebrated Madame TALIEN—one of the most graceful and accomplished, at the same time, most meretricious women of France, is, once more, about to take a new name.—She was some time since divorced from Talien; and then married to M. de Fontenoy:—from whom she has lately been divorced; and is for a time to be led to the altar, by M. de Caraman; contrary to the wishes of his family.—She has for many years supported an elegant style of living, at Paris; and her house has been the asylum of genius and wretchedness. She complains loudly of the ingratitude of the Emperor and Empress of France. When Buonaparte was in disgrace, after the affair of Toulon, he was dependent on Madame Talien for even necessaries; and when the Empress Josephine, was the friend of Baras, she was on the most intimate terms with Madame T. whom they have recently treated with cold neglect. ibid.
There is a striking diversity in the modes of expression currently used to denote the death of different descriptions of persons. They whose names make up the ordinary bills of mortality, are said to have died, or paid the debt of nature. The capital convict is always launched into eternity. The suicide as constantly puts an end to his existence. These expressions are by no means of equal import. In the first there is no allusion to a future state. In the second, it is expressly avowed. In the third, it is implicitly, if not directly, denied.—A stranger would be at a loss to judge, from this phraseology, what is the creed of our country, in one of its most important articles. Glasgow paper.
FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE.
LONDON, June 3. There is a great bustle amongst the enemy's land and sea forces on the opposite coast; and this is not confined, as formerly, to a few points, but extends all the way from the Texel to Dieppe. Report says, that the Dutch have in the Texel nine ships of the line ready for sea. We have strong reason to disbelieve, at least, one third of this number. Our Texel squadron is, however, to be reinforced by three sail of the line, and some 50 gun ships. All our vessels and forces on the coast are completely on the alert.
Admiral Douglas returned on Friday in the Downs, in order to confer with Lord Keith the necessary measures to be taken, should the grand flotilla of the enemy attempt to put to sea.
Government, it is said, intend to disband all Volunteer corps that do not muster according to the offers they have made, and to put in force, in such districts, the Act for a Levy-en-Masse.
June 4.
A letter from an officer on board one of our cruizers, off Boulogne, dated Friday last, says, "We have been some time on this station; lately we have observed great preparations among the enemy's flotilla; and this day I counted distinctly, outside the pier, thirty luggers, four sloops, and twenty-
six gun brigs. Yesterday I saw plainly perceived about twelve large gun brigs enter the harbour from Etaples."
June 5. It is now understood that Government means to adopt additional precautions against the threat of invasion from the coasts of France, Flanders, and Holland. Our fleet in the Downs is immediately to be increased to fourteen sail of the line, besides smaller vessels which will offer a ready mean for speedily reinforcing our north sea squadron, should need require.
Dispatches were yesterday received at the Admiralty from Lord Keith. They relate to the increased preparations of the enemy at Boulogne, and mention the capture of some small vessels from Flushing. Letters from on board our blockading squadron state that the enemy's flotilla is every day in motion, and that it has of late been reinforced from other ports in the channel. An officer writes, under the date of Friday last, as follows:—
"From all the observations I am able to make, and from the information I collect, I am fully persuaded the enemy seriously intend to make an attempt at coming out."
Orders have been given for a very strong squadron to watch the motions of the Rochefort fleet; and that some fast sailing vessels shall be stationed to give the earliest notice to their putting to sea again, which Government have reason to believe they will soon attempt.
CUSTOM-HOUSE—ENTERED.
Ship Paz & Triumph, Trinidad, Bonavista.
Brig Milton, Frith, Jamaica.
Sch't Charity, Norcham, Jamaica.
CLEARED.
Sch't Farmer, Boyd, Peterburg.
Gazette Marine Memoranda.
ARRIVED.
Portuguese Ship Paz & Triumph, Trinidad, 39 days from Bonavista, Salt & Wines, Olivera, Fernandes & Co.—Left at Bonavista the 22d June, the ship Active of Philadelphia, M'Kown, arrived that day in 19 days from Cork. The brig Hannah of Boston, Swain, to sail the 1st August. The sch't Franklin, Jenkins, of New-York—The 20th July in lat. 31, 15, lon. 65, was boarded by one of a British fleet of four sail of the line, which he was informed was commanded by Admiral Cochrane.
Ship Reserve, Redman, 8 days from Boston, Ballast, Warren Ashley.
Ship William P. Johnson, Le Breton, 12 days from Boston, Salt, C. Fry.
Brig Milton, Frith, 24 days from Jamaica, Rum & Molasses, Gilliat & Mackinder—July 17, off the west end of Cuba, spoke brig Globe, King, of Philadelphia, from Jamaica bound to Havana.
Sch't Ship-Carpenter, Meyer, from Boston, Vinegar, Robert Gibson.
Sch't Charity, Norcham, 22 days from Jamaica, Rum & Molasses, W. Ashley—July 19 off Cape Antonio, spoke the brig Integrity, Funk, from Anatto Bay bound to New-York.—Left at Orracabessa the brig William Tell, Glad, of New-York; brig Essequebo, Sylvester, Newbern (N. C.) brig Favourite, Douglass, of Curriaco, both just arrived.
Sch't Five Sisters, Brown, 20 days from Cayenne, Roco & Sugar, James Maurice & Co.—Left there, brig Assistance, Wilkinson; Louisa, Moffit, of Philadelphia, to sail in 15 days; sch't Fame, Burchmore, of Salem, just arrived, and expected to sail to Leeward for a Market.—July 26, in lat. 29, lon. 69, spoke brig S. W. of and from Baltimore, bound to Havana, 36 hours out.
In Hampton Roads, the sch't Columbia, Shaffen, 12 days from Turks Island, Salt, to the Master; sailed in company with the sch't Lion of New-York.
In Hampton Roads bound to Alexandria, sch't Paragon, Haynes, 15 days from St. Bartholomews, Sugar—Left sch't Sampson, Cox, to sail for Alexandria in 4 days. In lat. 31, lon. 71, spoke the sloop Patsey, Bowyer, out 10 days from New-York, bound to Turks Island.
Just as this paper was putting to press, arrived capt. Haynes, in the Schooner Paragon, 15 days from St. Bartholomews, from whom we learn the following important particulars.—That the day before he sailed information was received at St. Bartholomews from Barbados, which advised that a Frigate had arrived at that Island after a short passage from England with dispatches which stated that the BREST FLEET had put to sea, and that an engagement had taken place between it and the British Channel Fleet, in which 6 Ships of the Line of the French were taken, 3 sunk, and the remainder returned to Brest in a very shattered condition.
DIED. —On Friday last in the County of Gloucester, MR. WILLIAM WISEHAM, merchant of Richmond; whose urbanity of manners, and integrity of character, secured him the esteem and respect of an extensive and respectable circle of friends and acquaintances; for, of him, it may be justly said, he was one who never lost a friend or made an enemy.
WILLIAM & MARY LOTTERY.
WILLIAMSBURG, July 27, 1805.
The Commissioners of the Lottery for the Benefit of William & Mary College, think it necessary to make known to the adventurers in the first class, that course which they have resolved to pursue, in consequence of those circumstances which have baffled their attempt to conduct the drawing to a close satisfactory to all concerned.
Such a close the Commissioners had reason confidently to anticipate, as they had committed the drawing to Gentlemen, whose probity is so well known, and whose zeal in the interests of Literature merits their warmest acknowledgements. But, though it is not always within the province of human foresight to guard against occurrences the most untoward, it is always within the power of honest intentions to pursue that course which justice requires.
For that course the Commissioners have laboriously sought. They have not only weighed, in their own minds, the pretensions of those who oppose, and of those who contend for a re-drawing; they have not only given their respective claims the most impartial investigation; but, anxious to be guided by the best legal information which could be collected in a case so perplexed in its own nature, and at the same time, so interesting to many, they have resorted to several eminent law characters. Their opinions are at variance. All of them, however, have concurred in recommending a submission of the case to that Tribunal, in whose decision all must acquiesce. This recommendation will be followed without delay. A suit has already been commenced by one of the fortunate adventurers.
The Commissioners on their part, will not impede the progress of the suit, but will solicit a decision of the Court of Appeals, during the ensuing term.
The decision as to one prize, will establish a principle applicable to all prizes, and furnish a rule for the conduct of the Commissioners.
If payment be adjudged, the drawing is completed; if the contrary be decided, the re-drawing will commence immediately after the decision is received.
Signed, by direction of the Commissioners,
JAMES MADISON, Chairman.
10,000 Bushels Liverpool Stoved SALT,
For sale, on board the Brig Bersey, at our Wharf.
C. & F. Whittle.
July 19. 9
THE SUBSCRIBERS
Offer for Sale, at their Warehouse on Commerce Street, Wharf,
86 Barrels Prime, } PORK.
14 do. Cargo, } PORK.
Received per Schooner Weymouth, Capt. Weymouth, from New-York.
Phineas Dana & Co.
August 5. 49
FOR SALE—A-FLOAT,
380 Barrels fresh inspected FLOUR.
235 do. CORN.
James Dykes & Co.
August 5. 44
LANDS FOR SALE.
950 acres lying near Dragon Bridge,
in King and Queen county. This tract will be disposed of at once, or divided into lots of 2 or 300 a res to suit purchasers.
Also—400 acres in the county of Gloucester, near the mouth of York River, in the neighbourhood of Mr. William Jones, and Mr. Thomas Fany, and distant about eight or nine miles from the court house.
Also—1100 acres in Middlesex county, lying on the Pankatank River, which affords the greatest abundance of Fish, Crabs, and Oysters, of superior quality. On this tract (generally called Barn Elms) there is a commodious dwelling house, with all the necessary out-houses, for the convenience of a large family.
As it is presumed that no person will be disposed to purchase without first seeing the lands, it is deemed unnecessary here to give a description of them, or the terms on which they will be sold. The subscriber may be consulted on the business any time after the tenth of October next, at Barn Elms, and will attend on the premises on the first of November, to meet any person disposed to purchase.
Carter B. Berkeley.
August 5. 41
ONE HUNDRED POUNDS REWARD.
WHEREAS persons supposed to be employed by certain Merchants in this City, are in the habit of going out in boats to meet vessels coming to the port of Kingston, with Cargos for sale, and in their endeavours to persuade the Master to give the preference of co-shipment to the person or persons by whom these Agents are so employed, have been known, not only to tender their services below the usual and customary Commissions, and to prevail on him to suppress and conceal letters of consignment or preference, which he brought with him, but to throw out insinuations tending to injure his credit with the Merchants, or to reflect on the integrity of such Mercantile Houses as he may have had before, or to have received from general reputation to have committed his business to.
In order to check such underhand proceedings, equally injurious to Merchants having established regular correspondents, as to any who shall be found to be so employed, the above reward is offered by the Subscribers to any person or persons who will come forward, and prove to conviction, the Principal or Agents, who, in his or their endeavours to get business, shall suppress, or cause to be suppressed, any letters directed to Merchants in this City, or who shall have made use of expressions tending to injure the credit of any Merchant, entering into this agreement, whether by direct charges, insinuations, hints, innuendos, or otherwise.
Jacques, Luing, Luing & Co.—George Kinghorn—Hamilton & Collier—Hubert, Taylors & Markland—Duncumb & Pownall—Campbell & Whittle—Thomas Haynes—William Cathcart & Co.—Burke & Harris—R. & G. Rinkhead—Campbell & O'Hara—Fairclough, Barras & Wilson—Steele, Thompson & Maiss—Thomas Glisson, McCan, Walker & Begg—Knox & Herdman—Dick, McCall & Co.—Clark, Dick & Evans—Lindo, Henriques & Lindo—William Hoserson—Stewart & Wood—Munro & Hanes—John West & Co.—Andrew and James Orr—Thomas Cuming—Chamberlain & Evans—Minot & Stewart—Peter M'Leod—Grant, Meek & Stewart—Robert Gibb & Co.—Hardy & Garnett—M'Donald & M'Pherson.
Kingston, (Jamaica) 6th October, 1805. 2 42
In addition to the Amusements advertised in the Hand Bills, for Mr. Serson's Night at Riffard's Long Room, on Thursday Evening, August 8th,
A GRAND CONCERTO,
On the Piano Forte, together with many other Pieces of Music, will be played on that Instrument, by Monsieur Vorgele, whose musical judgment, and extraordinary execution, have justly been the admiration of all who have heard him.
Tickets 50 Cents each, to be had of Mr. Serson, No. 11. Cumberland Street, and at Mr. Riffard's Gardens.
The doors will open at 7, and the commencement take place half after 7 precisely.
People of Colour cannot be admitted.
The Gardens will be splendidly illuminated, and from the uncommon size of the windows, the room will be sufficiently ventilated.
August 5. 46
TWENTY DOLLARS REWARD.
RANAWAY from the Subscriber in January last, a Negro Man named DAVY—about 45 years of age, and pretends to be a Baptist; was formerly the property of Mr. Fatherly, on the Western Branch—he has been seen in Nansemond, where he has a wife, who lives with Mr. Lightfoot. I forewarn all persons employing him, and will give the above reward, to any person who will apprehend and lodge him in jail, that I get him again, or deliver him to me in Portsmouth.
Portsmouth, August 5. Robert Barclay.
45
Pursuant to a Deed of Trust, executed by CHARLES MAHON, to secure a Debt due to JOHN WHITTINGTON,
WILL BE SOLD, FOR CASH,
At the Exchange Coffee-House,
On Tuesday the 13th day of August next,
At 12 o'clock,
ALL THE INTEREST OF THE SAID MAHON, IN
A HOUSE AND LOT OF LAND,
Situate on the East side of Church-Street, and bounded as follows, to wit, "Beginning at a corner stone next to James Taylor's house and lot, leading the ce Southwardly, or thereabouts, to a back ally formerly known by the name of Stammer's ally, thence leading a South-west course, or thereabouts, twenty feet to another corner stone, or thereabouts, corner stone leading about West North West along Whittle and Boush's land, up to Church-Street to another corner stone, thence along the front on Church-Street twenty feet to the first station, next to James Taylor's house and lot." The original lease was for 18 years, and commenced on the 20th day of June, 1795.
The Trustee.
August 2 31
SALE AT AUCTION.
On Friday the 16th day of August, will be Sold,
At Publick Auction, on Commerce-Street Wharf,
Sale to commence at 10 o'clock,
THE ENTIRE CARGO OF THE BRIG NANCY,
AS IT ARRIVED FROM THE CAPE OF GOOD HOPE,
Consisting of the following articles, &c.
125 Casks, containing 15,000 gallons CAPE WINE, some of a superior quality.
22 do. of CONSTANTIA, MUSCAT, & STEEN WINES.
2 Cases of CONSTANTIA WINE.
80 Casks, } ALOES—Containing 50,000 lbs.
63 Cases, }
19 Casks, containing 9,000 lbs. of TAMARINDS.
10 Cases of ARRACK.
230 lbs. NUTMEGS.
4 Hogsheads BRANDY, with some other articles.
Terms of sale will be—all sums under 100 dollars cash—all sums above 100 and not exceeding 1000, notes with approved indorsers, at 60 days—and for all sums above 1000 dollars, notes at 120 and 180 days.
John Granbery, V. M.
July 17. 44

THE LAWYERS FAREWELL TO HIS MUSE.
By the late Sir W. Blackstone, knt.
As, by some tyrant's stern command, A wretch forsakes his native land, In foreign climes condemn'd to roam, An endless exile from his home; Pensive he treads the destin'd way, And dreads to go, nor dares to stay; Till on some neighb'ring mountain's brow He stops, and turns his eyes below; There, melting at the well-known view, Drops a last tear, and bides adieu: So I, thus doom'd from the to part, Gay Queen of Fancy and of Art, Reluctant move, with doubtful mind, Oft stop, and often look'd behind.
Companion of my tender age, Serene gay, and sweetly sage, How blithesome were we wont to rove By verdant hill, or shady grove, Where fervent bees with humming voice, Around the honey'd oak rejoice, And aged elms, with awful bend, In long cathedral walks extend! Lull'd by the lapse of gliding floods, Cheer'd by the warbling of the woods, How blest my days, my thoughts how free! In sweet society with thee! Then all was joyous, all was young, And years unheeded roll'd along! But now the pleasing dream is o'er, These scenes must charm me now no more: Lost to the field, and torn from you— Farewell!—a long, a last adieu!
Me, wrangling courts, and stubborn law, To smoke, and crowds, and cities draw; There selfish faction rules the day, And pride and avarice throng the way: Diseases taint the mirky air, And midnight conflagrations glare; Loose revelry, and riot hold, In frighted streets their orgies hold;— Or, when in silence all is drown'd, Fell murder walks her lonely round: No room for peace, no room for you, Adieu, celestial nymph, adieu!
Shakespeare no more, thy sylvan son, Nor all the art of Addison, Pope's heav'n-strung lyre, nor Waller's ease, Nor Milton's mighty self must please. Instead of these, a formal band, In furs and coils, around me stand; With sounds uncouth, and accents dry, That great soul of harmony, Each pedant sage unlocks his store Of mystick, dark, discordant lore; And points with tot'ring hand, the ways That lead me to the horny maze.
There, in a winding, close retreat, Is Justice doom'd to fix her seat; There, fenc'd by bulwarks of the law, She keeps the wond'ring world in awe: And there, from vulger sight retir'd, Like eastern queens, is more admir'd O let me pierce the secret shade, Where dwells the venerable maid? There humbly mark, with rev'rent awe, The guardian of Britannia's law. Unfold with joy her sacred page, (Th' united boast of many an age.) Where mix'd, yet uniform, appears (The wisdom of a thousand years) In that pure spring the bottom view, Clear, deep, and regularly true. And other doctrines thence imbibe, That lurk within the sordid scribe; Observe how parts with parts unite, See countless wheels distinctly tend, By various laws, to one great end; While mighty Alfred's piercing soul Pervades and regulates the whole.
Then welcome business, welcome strife: Welcome the cares, the thorns of life: The visage, the pur-blind sight, The toil by day, the lamp at night, The tedious forms, the solemn prate, The pert dispute, the dull debate, The drowsy bench, the babbling hall, For the fair Justice, welcome all!
Thus though my noon of life be past, Yet let my setting sun, at last, Find out the still, the rural cell, Where sage retirement loves to dwell! There let me taste the homefelt bliss Of innocence, and inward peace; Untainted by the guilty bribe; Uncours'd amid the happy tribe; No orphan's cry to wound my ear, My honour and my conscience clear, Thus may I calmly meet my end, Thus to the grave in peace descend.
From the Philadelphia Gazette.
A SOLEMN WARNING.
To the people of Philadelphia, against those errors which aggravated the mortality and other calamities of the yellow fever, and of other diseases, in that city.
Unanimous adoption of evident and most important principles recommended to the physicians, the board of health, the corporation of the city, the clergy and vestries of congregations, the societies for aiding European emigrants, other societies for the relief of distress, the guardians of the poor, the merchants, the shopkeepers and tradesmen, the printers of Gazettes, the leaders of political parties, and all other influential citizens.
God has tempered the body together, that there should be no schism in it, but that the members should have the same care one for another.
The human body is a striking emblem of civil society, the more sublime and pathetical, by the manifest design of our common Creator. Some members of the body, as the eyes, ears, hands, are particularly fitted for the care of all; in the organizations of society, some stations also afford greater means for the publick welfare, and require adequate exertions. In this view, I address the respective descriptions, without any distinction of rank.
All reflecting persons must see that a great part of our calamities has originated from many errors, chargeable in various degrees to numerous individuals. So far as they have been corrected, the ills have been lessened, and the increasing rays of essential truths present a cheering prospect. Let us collect these precious rays, and hold them up for general guides. Waving all disputes about less certain and less important matters, an extensive agreement in some indispensable principles is attainable, and it is ardently desired by the great majority of citizens.
First: Make a firm resolve against that desertion of the city, which produced the horrible scenes of woe, particularly in 1793. The plague itself could not justify such panic. Those that have the means to fly have not a right to abandon the many thousands that must remain to the miseries of sickness, grief and want! Pecuniary charities, loans, and all other practical reliefs, would be very inadequate for the necessities of life, and could be of no avail to those who are deserted. Remember that several bodies
were found in houses a long while after their dissolution! See Nos. 64 & 65.
Second: If a partial removal should become necessary, conduct it with calm judgment and humanity. Avoid the yellow flags and compulsory of 1797—If on careful examination an extraordinary mortality should happen among persons of previous health and common prudence from any kind of unusual disease, a removal is advisable, whether infection or local insalubrity is the cause. But if the number of deaths is owing to an accidental co-incident of common diseases, the measure would be wrong—Several old persons, some others under lingering ailments, others with common fevers, intestinal maladies, &c. may dwell within a small vicinage.
Third: The increase of mortality in the latter part of August and first of September, should give no alarm, because the diseases of summer are then ripe, and those of autumn commence, so that choleras, fluxes, sanguineous fevers, bilious fevers, and others with symptoms of the nervous, putrid, &c. kinds, are cotemporary, and because several persons under lingering maladies also die, from the long delibation of summer, and, if the weather becomes very changeable, from that cause also.
Fourth: The vague idea of a foreign yellow fever has been a great cause of terrors because it includes diseases which are undoubtedly indigenous; particularly the spotted fevers with general putrescence, the bad bilious fever with total yellowness, both of which sometimes terminate fatally in two or three days, the scurvy-like leaking of the blood from various inner parts, fevers with puking of black bile, often favourable, and even remittents that go off with a critical jaundice.
Fifth: The infectious power of this foreign fever has also been greatly overrated particularly that by contact of a sick body, which is little probable, and has a tendency to frighten both the physician and attendants.
Sixth: So far as any fevers, whether of uncertain or domestic origin, show infectious qualities, caution is reasonable! careful inquiries on the modes and the degrees of danger should be made, and the results published.
Seventh: All modes of treatment should be founded on the nature of the disease, without any regard to its origin.
Eighth: No general mode can be recommended, because several forms require different treatment.
Ninth: Mercury should by no means be tolerated in that way, because the abuse of it is easy and baneful, tho' a discreet use may be proper in some cases.
Tenth: If any medical body gives publick advice on the origin, nature or cure of the fever, they must subscribe their personal names.
Eleventh: All intemperate controversies on the subject, between physicians or others must be banished from the Gazettes.
Twelfth: The board of health shall make no distinction of yellow or malignant fever in the bills of mortality, or the accounts of sickness. See the monstrous reports of daily new cases from 100 to 126 in 1793.
Thirteenth: Cleanliness is of great importance to this large and crowded city and in a climate so warm: Fifth can unquestionably breed mortal fevers in local districts, they may spread far by polluting the air, and in some cases by infection.
Fourteenth: An ample fund for any extraordinary sickness is necessary. The natural disease of some seasons may become extensive and violent. Others of obscure origin may come. In such cases the removal of great numbers will generally be necessary. In 1793 the vitiated state of the air was one great cause of the mortality, and the removals to the tents was in great part on that account so beneficial. A timely provision of these and of other comforts would have saved a great number.
Fifteenth: Personal neglects of health being of many kinds, and committed by a great number, produce a considerable mortality.
Sixteenth: The majority of European emigrants being poor and illiterate require particular advice on the climate of this country, and in some cases a speedy rescue from distress. When vessels crowded with those called redemptioners arrive in the hot season, several of those who remain aboard a long while, die. When many of them are detained an infectious fever may be bred, and contaminate the city; of this, instances have happened in former years.
Seventeenth: As all vices hurt the publick health in various ways, and some make an evident havoc, the aid of religion and morality is indispensable.
Eighteenth: In times of sickness the precepts and comforts of religion can lessen the mortality. Shutting up the temples is wrong on that account, and also by increasing dismay, but the worship may be sometimes omitted, and otherwise regulated by the respective societies.
Nineteenth: Party broils divert the publick mind from the concerns of health, fatigue, vex, fret, incense many to a degree really dangerous, occasion inebrity and fighting, &c. They have also a bad influence on medical controversies. Suppression of them is therefore material in the warm season, and necessary in a sickly time.
Twentieth: The peculiar diseases of children and youths have in many cases been mistaken for yellow fever, increased the publick fears, frightened the parents, and prevented the use of suitable remedies. Heads of families owe particular attention to the several disorders that destroy so many in childhood and early youth.
I now close a laborious task, begun and continued from a deep conviction of its necessity. Similar views of the epidemicks in the other cities would be useful. Exploration of evils discovers the many causes and their connections. Sufferings of our mortal bodies are inevitable, but they can be lessened by the great resources of our immortal minds, to a degree that may exceed the warmest hopes. God will bless our exertions!
NICHOLAS COLLIN, Rector of the Swedish Churches in Philadelphia.
NEW CUT-NAIL MANUFACTORY,
ON TOWN POINT, A small distance below County Wharf, Wide Water Street.
THE Subscriber has, at a considerable expense, fitted up, in addition to his other business, a complete set of machinery, adequate to finish 300 to 600 lbs. of Nails daily. He is also provided with a good stock of Iron; and with a sufficient number of skilful workmen.
He has on hand a constant supply of Nails, Flooring Brads, and Sprigs, which he offers for Sale at the reduced prices as follows, by the keg, viz.
 10d, 12d, 20d, Nails, 8d per lb.  8d, do. 9d per lb.  Sheathing do. 7 1-2d per lb.  6d, do. 10d per lb.  4d, do. 3s. per M.  3d, do. 7 1-2d do.  8d, 10d, 12d, and 20d, Brads, 8d per lb.  6d, do. 4s 6d per M.  4d, do. 3s do.  3d, do. 7 1-2d do.  2d, do. 2s. 7 1-2d do. 
ALSO—HOOP AND BAR-IRON ASSORTED.
LEVIN DORSEY.
March 18. tf 303 TO RENT, Two Rooms adjoining the Office of the Publick Ledger. Apply at this office. July 26.
LEVIN DORSEY,
On Town Point—Wide Water Street.
Has Received by the Dampier, from London, in addition to
his former assortment of
MATHEMATICAL INSTRUMENTS, &c.
Adams's Patent Globes—12 inches.
Brass and Wood Compasses—Assorted.
Quadrants.
Night and Day Telescopes—Assorted.
Telescopes for Day only.
Patent Time Glasses.
From 1-4 to 1-2 minute, and for one and two hours.
Gunter's Scales and Dividers—Assorted.
Charts, for the West-Indies, and America.
Moore's Epitome and Daily Assistant.
And has on hand,
Blunt's American Practical Navigator—Last edition, with a copious appendix.
Blunt's American Coast Pilot.
Also for Sale,
Bell-Mettle Skillets of Superior Quality.
Carriage Wheel Boxes, Bouches, and
Solid Brass Sheaves—Assorted.
Hoop and Baltimore Bar-Iron—Assorted.
All kinds of Mathematical Instruments Repaired, as usual.
April 26. tf 623
IRISH LINENS.
THE SUBSCRIBER
Has received in addition to his London Goods, a large assortment of
Irish Linens, Sheetings, Diapers, Dowlas,
Hardware, &c.
Per Ship Charleston, Captain Hall, from Liverpool, which
he will dispose of on the most reasonable terms.
May 31. tf 729
COW-POX.
THOSE persons who wish to avoid catching the Small-
Pox which now exists in this Borough, are informed that
the subscriber has again succeeded in introducing the Vaccine
Infection, and that he now has several arms fit to inoculate
from.
** He has returned to his old shop at the lower end of the
new market.
George Balfour.
AN APPRENTICE wanted.
Nov. 16. tf 396
MARTIN FISK,
HAS FOR SALE,
300 Sacks Fine Liverpool SALT.
50 Casks Hysan and Hysan Skin TEAS—of a very late im-
portation, and of a superior quality.
10 Hogsheads 5 years old Antigua RUM.
Pennington's LOAF SUGAR, in Bds. and Bds.
May 27. tf 712
JOHN C. NIEMEYER,
Has received in addition to his former assortment
GERMAN GOODS,
45 packages German Linens, &c. chiefly en-
titled to drawback,
Comprising of
Platillas, brown Hollands,
Britannas,
Sheeting, extra fine 1 1-8
yard wide,
Dowlas and Creas of the best
quality,
Shirt linen, Diapers,
Bed Picking for Matrasses,
Bed Bunts fine 1 1-4 to 2
yards wide,
Ticklenburgs, Oznaburgs,
Brown Hempen Hessian,
Brown and White Rolls,
Russia Sheetings and light
Canvas.
Also,
Velvet Ribbons no. 2 to 150,
Plush for Saddlers, black Sa-
tin for waistcoats,
Brussels Lace 4 to 20 dols.
per yard, cheap Edgings,
German Nuns Thread, patent
Needles, India sewing Silk,
Made Shirts, Thread Stock-
ings very fine, Razors,
Spectacles, and Penknives, of
the very best qualities,
Cheap Jewellery, fine Sci-
sars, Muffs and Tippets of
Martin Skins,
15 boxes Tumblers, Decan-
1 case superior Quills, &c.
I will sell the above Goods low for cash or
approved bills, or in barter for Coffee, and will take in pay-
ment One Hundred Hogsheads good Tobacco STEMS.—Ap-
ply as above.
December 5. tf 273
BY AUTHORITY.
RICHMOND ACADEMY LOTTERY.
CLASS No. II.
4000 Tickets at 10 dollars each—dolls. 40000
1 Prize of dolls. 10000
1 of 5000
5 of 5000
20 of 1000
50 of 500
100 of 250
227
First drawn ticket after 500 are drawn, dolls. 500
after 1000 500
after 1500 500
after 2000 1000
after 2500 1000
after 3000 1000
after 3500 1000
after 3950 10000
The above Lottery will certainly commence draw-
ing the first Monday in November, or sooner, if the
tickets are sold.
Tickets for sale at the Office of the Publick
Ledger.
State of North-Carolina, Superior Court of Law
Edenton District, and Equity—April
Term, 1805.
WILLS COWPER, vs. Complainant.
Thomas Newton, Richard Blow, Wm. Vaughan,
Slaughter, as the President and Di-
rectors or the Dismal Swamp Canal Company,
and William Davies, William Plume, and
Theodore Armistead, Defendants.
The Defendants in the above cause having failed to appear
and put in their answer to the Complainants Bill of complaint,
and it being made appear to the satisfaction of the Court that
the said Thomas Newton, Richard Blow, William Vaughan,
Slaughter, William Davies, William Plume, and
Theodore Armistead, are not to be found in this State; It
is therefore ordered, that unless they do appear and put in
their answers to the said Bill of Complaint, on or before the
first day of our said Court of Equity, to be held for the Dis-
trict of Edenton, at the Court-House in the Town of Edenton,
on the Sixth Day of October next, that the said Bill shall
then be taken pro confesso and act for hearing exparte—And
it is further ordered that the Clerk and Master of this Court
do cause this order to be published in the Norfolk Gazette
and Public