The Virginia gazette (Williamsburg, Va.), 1773-04-01 00:00:00

VIRGINIA
GAZETTE.
Open to ALL PARTIES,
but influenced by NONE.
STOCKHOLM, December 2.
THE house of P— and B— has stopped payment for the sum of one million four hundred thousand dollars (which is about 313,000l.) There is no doubt but this failure will in its consequences involve many other capital houses in all the commercial cities of Europe. But there are hopes that about 75 per cent. will be paid.
Paris, Dec. 12. Letters from Marseilles mention a riot having happened at the playhouse there, occasioned at first by the comedians persisting in representing a piece highly disagreeable to the public. Some grenadiers were called in to quell the riot, but expressly directed not to fire, in order to prevent any accident; however a person in the pit, who, having expected a disturbance, had armed himself with a pistol, as soon as he saw the grenadiers, shot one of them dead, and they were then ordered to fire, by which means several people were killed and wounded. This affair has thrown the whole town of Marseilles into consternation.
Lower Elbe, Dec. 14. Notwithstanding the hopes of a general peace and harmony in Europe, which foreign countries flatter themselves are the intentions of the powerful courts of Europe, we have the greatest reason to be convinced of the contrary. We have advice from good authority that the Emperor has lately taken 20,000 Saxon troops into pay. The King of Prussia has also taken 15,000 Hessians, and 12,000 Brunswick troops into pay. All the Prussian troops received orders, the 28th of November last, to keep themselves ready to march.
Warsaw, Dec. 9. The Austrians, on the 6th instant, took possession of Casimir, the suburb of Cracow. The number of fresh troops which they are raising with the greatest diligence amount to 40,000 men.
Amsterdam, Dec. 19. Private letters from Surinam mention that the fugitive and rebellious Negroes are effectually chased from their town, but they are retired deeper into the woods, from whence it will be more difficult to drive them than from where they were before. These advices add that most of the prisoners taken in the last attack, were women and children, and that they waited for a reinforcement of troops with impatience.
L O N D O N, December 29.
Supervisors will certainly go out, and will be equally appointed by the directors and the government; the secretary to the supervision will be appointed by the first Lord of the Treasury, and will be given to a counsellor eminent in the law. Another creation is made by government, entitled Attorney General of Bengal.
The India company may exert themselves in vain, and Sir George Colebrook speak forever of the quantity of teas and other commodities in their warehouses; the business was settled by government before debated, and India was sold at Whitehall by Lord North to his Majesty.
The feuds of India are to be settled by the sword. The company will abandon their eniprit servants to the rage of the natives and the Indian laws, which will settle these disturbances, and check the career of others in future.
Pestilential fevers still continue to ravage Bohemia, Moravia, Hungary, and Transylvania. The chief officers who commanded the troops in these countries have died, and great numbers of the soldiers are daily dying. All communication with the Grand Signior's dominions is to be cut off.
The new Lord Lieutenant of Ireland has, we are assured, been received with the usual eclat, which new guests are wont to experience in a land of hospitality; but it is much apprehended, that when once the merits of his commission are brought on the tapis, he will be equally disregarded with the rest of his predecessors.
A Gentleman of immense fortune, who keeps a woman belonging to one of the theatres, lately brought her home a piece of winter silk, which cost thirty shillings per yard. The moment he presented it to her, she threw it on the fire, and said, "What, do you think I am like one of the silly virtuous women (as you call them) who wear trumpery lute-strings because they are honest!"
It is imagined that the next general election will, if not timely guarded against, throw this metropolis into convulsions little different from those of a civil war.
There are letters from France which say that Madam Barre is discharged. Various reasons are assigned for this step. The ostensible reason is, it was discovered by the King's physicians, that she had given some provocatives to his Majesty in sweetmeats. A revolution in the French Ministry is expected as a consequence of this manœuvre.
The Turkish superstition is the most formidable aid to the Russians. A tradition prevails that the Mahometan empire is to be destroyed by a nation of the Greek profession.
On Wednesday Mr. T. Townsend made a motion in the House of Commons that the enquiry into the expedition against the Charibs should be on the 27th of January next, and he read a list of officers of the 32d regiment, with Governor Melville and General Trapaud, to be examined at the bar. And Governor Pownall made a motion that the papers containing the treaty between the English and Charibs in the year 1660, the account of the barter and sale of St. Lucia in the year 1663, and the account of the expedition against the Charibbees, and the taking of St. Vincent, in the year 1666, be laid before the House. Both assented to.
Last week two men well dressed were apprehended and committed to Chester gaol, on suspicion of having taken several bills of exchange out of letters in the post office in Dublin, and negotiating them in London. The manner in which they were found out is truly remarkable: They called on a Lady who came to town with them in the Coventry coach, and drank tea with her at her friend's house in Lombard street. In the course of conversation, they took the opportunity of mentioning to the Lady's friend the difficulties they found to get two bills (accepted by a good house) discounted, and begged to know if he could get them discounted. The Gentleman took the bills, and having satisfied himself that they were real good bills, got them discounted at the bank, and took notes for 100l. each, payable to himself, which he gave to the men. Some few days after the discovery was made that the bills had been obtained in the manner above mentioned, the Lady's friend received a letter from a correspondent at Coventry, with a remittance of bills and notes, among which were the two identical bank notes which he had given in lieu of the two bills. This put the parties upon the proper scent, and pursuit being immediately made after them, they were apprehended at Holyhead, and 1100l. of the money and notes were found on them.
January 18. At a meeting of some monied men in the city on Friday last it was resolved, in order to support the credit of a great house, to subscribe 5000l. each, which twenty of them agreed to, and subscribed that sum accordingly.
A Nobleman and his Lady, more distinguished from their uniformly virtuous and benevolent disposition than their high station in life, have, within these few days, sent cards to all their acquaintance, soliciting contributions for the benefit of the distressed inhabitants of Spitalfields.
The beneficent spirit in behalf of the indigent and deserving objects in Spitalfields is worthy the greatest commendation. But what more than a temporary relief can the subscription of individuals afford? To their distresses, and of the poor in general (if the dearth of provisions arises from combination and avarice) government alone can effectually apply the proper remedy; if the act of Providence, by unfruitful seasons, we must look up to Heaven, and what labour and industry cannot effect, prayers and reformation will procure. Great as the sufferings of the weavers are, the cottagers in many obscure villages exceed them: No subscriptions there, the little farmers having but a bare subsistence for themselves and families. Add, among other melancholy tales, more than an hundred men, women and children, in a small village, who have not tasted flesh for several years, whose principal diet is bread and skimmed milk; also an aged man, of 115 years, perishing within these four years for want of proper nourishment, whose allowance from the parish (shocking to relate!) was only one shilling per week. These are facts, not invented tales. The distresses of the poor, for five years past, need no aggravation. The writer of the above wishes the representation could influence the great in their favour, and procure for them not a partial and temporary, but a speedy and permanent relief.
Died Mr. THOMAS HAMMOND, parish clerk of Ashford: His blunt honesty, waggish freedom, and amiable simplicity of manners, justly recommended him to the general esteem of a very numerous acquaintance. He was an excellent BACK GAMMON player. He is succeeded in his office by Mr. Trice.
E P I T A P H.
By the chance of the die On his back here doth lie, Our audible clerk, master Hammond. Tho' he bore many men, Till three score and ten, Yet, at length, he by death is back gammon'd; But hark! neighbours hark! Here again comes the clerk! By a bit very lucky and nice, With death we're now even; He just stepp'd up to Heaven, And is with us again in a Trice.
Orders are given for building some schooners to navigate up the small rivers in America and Africa.
There is a particular island in the voyage to India uninhabited, from which island, it being within the limits of the company's charter, all adventurers are excluded. If three ships were annually permitted to visit it, they would, without the least injury done to the said company, encrease the revenue of government not less than fifty thousand pounds per annum from one species of its produce. England also would be enabled to supply all the markets of Europe with a commodity, which is now purchased for home consumption at a vast expence.
A young Lady of family (an orphan) being very much reduced, got herself introduced to a man of high rank, in hopes he would petition a Great Personage in her behalf; he took her direction, and told her he would wait on her, and let her know how he succeeded: He accordingly came, but instead of the answer she expected he made a formal declaration of love for her. She told him she was astonished a married Gentleman, and in such a high station, should offer to make her such proposals. He replied he was very unhappy with his Lady, and was sure he should be the contrary with her. The young Lady, shocked at being thus affronted, was for some moments silent, which he took as a consent, and laying down a 50l. note, told her he would not press her farther at present, but gave her till the next day to consider, and begged her to accept that as an earnest of his future favour. She was much confused, and sat with astonishment whilst he made his bow and left the room. A few minutes restored her to her recollection; she sent for a relation, an elderly Gentleman, and desired him to be with her when his Lordship came. When his Lordship came she gave the note into her relation's hand, saying "his Lordship has considered the distresses of the poor, and as he loves to do good by stealth, begs you will be his almoner, and distribute this note as your judgment directs." The disappointed Lord took his leave without daring to complain, and the Lady's relation distributed the money in the prisons of this metropolis.
Jan. 22. The present ruined state of the East India company cannot be deemed surprising to those who consider one moment the causes which have contributed to hasten that ruin; let us, says a correspondent, attend to the following fact. Our colonies had annually taken off 600,000l. in the single article of tea; but when it became a question whether they should be slaves under that importation, or freemen importing it from a foreign market, the tea remained in the company's warehouses, and the 600,000l. went to Holland and Denmark. That non-importation or loss of market has now continued for five years; it makes three millions difference in their cash account; is the true cause of the great quantity now on hand; is an immense loss to the revenue, to the merchant, to the state, and has operated very considerably towards producing the present scarcity of money, and universal stagnation to all business. This is not all; the same motives which prevented our colonists from consuming the company's tea, also prevented the purchase of many other valuable articles; it is difficult to ascertain the amount, but is very considerable, and makes a monstrous difference in the state of their affairs. In short, it has been the principal cause of their approaching dissolution.
Yesterday when the malefactors were going to execution, and stopped as usual, opposite St. Sepulchre's church, to hear the dying words from the bellman, their hats being taken off, Bird threw his head on the

shoulder of the Clergyman who sat next him, and, while he hid his face, his whole frame was agitated in a manner not to be described, and he seemed to feel what the author of the Rambler calls "The utmost exacerbation of human misery."
It is said to be the intention of the Ministry to establish a colony in the east. It is the intention of the Ministry to make the Governors and Judges of the several provinces in America independent. It is the intention of the Ministry to assume the direction and management of public credit. These intentions completed, what will remain, at home or abroad, that government cannot attempt and effect?
General Gage is on his way home from America, where he has held the chief command with great reputation; but we do not hear that he is either to be succeeded by any other officer, or to reside for any considerable time in this kingdom.
A tradesman in Southwark, who hath been married about eleven months, was a few days since presented with four children; one by a widow he was intimate with before his marriage, one by his wife, and two by a young woman that lived servant with him.
A caution with respect to counterfeit coin. COUNTERFEIT MONIES circulating at present are 36s. 27s. 13s. 6d. and 6s. 9d. pieces; GUINEAS, HALF GUINEAS, and QUARTER GUINEAS. The Portuguese money may be discovered by the paleness of the colour in general, a glassy sound, and a faint impression (often part of it omitted) particularly in the moidores. The crowns both on the 36s. and 27s. pieces are larger than the good ones, and generally set awry upon the former. The counterfeit half guineas are of the coin of King William III. James II. George I. II. III. The first is extremely well executed, being the exact colour of the good gold of that King's reign, and can only be discovered by the neck being too thick, and the sceptre not being properly struck. There are some impressions of this coin rather paler, and the letters GULIELMUS , &c. very imperfect. The second bears a very good colour, but the nose is extremely long, and the same deficiency in the sceptre as before. The third is rather of a copper colour, the eye in the head quite sunk, and the letters GEORGIUS , &c. quite out of proportion. The ornaments about the sceptre are better observed in this die. The fourth bears a bright glossy colour, the impression extremely strong, but the letters are not very distinct. This is the best imitation of any of the court feits. The fifth is very visible, being of a pale brass colour, and in general very badly executed. The defect in the half guineas the same as the guineas in the different reigns. The counterfeit quarter guineas are deficient in the execution and colour, and are easily discovered.
Jan. 27. In the history of human kind, we can scarcely find a parallel to the late Ernestos, John Duke of Courland, who died the 28th of last month, in the eighty third year of his age, at his palace in Mittau. It was impossible that any person could have experienced greater changes of fortune than he did: From being the son of a stableman, or at best a groom of the horse to Prince Alexander of Courland, he rose to be the Sovereign of that country, and in the end attained to the actual government of the vast empire of Russia during the whole reign of the Empress Anne, and for some months after her decease, which he ruled with the most uncontrouled despotism. This man, once more reduced to his original obscurity, was for above twenty years afterwards obliged to trust to his daily labour for support, in the inhospitable and frozen regions of Siberia. Yet, when he had passed his 74th year, he was again reinstated in his Dukedom, and died a Sovereign Prince. What must make the history of this man's life appear still more extraordinary is, that he was a person but of very moderate talents, untinctured with learning, destitute of wit, brutal, avaricious, haughty, implacable, and cruel. Astein, the Imperial Minister at the court of Petersburg, who despised and detested him, used to say, "When Biron (that being the Duke's name) speaks of horses, he speaks like a man, but when of men, or to them, he speaks as a horse would do." He was, however, indebted to nature for some advantages that will always be a powerful recommendation. He had a fine person, rode gracefully, and was of an athletic make. In fine, a robust constitution, animal vigour, and a comely appearance, have wrought as surprizing changes at the court of Petersburg, as ever a beautiful face, and an affectation of wit, have at that of Versailles.
This morning, about five o'clock, the Queen was taken in labour, when his Grace the Archbishop of Canterbury and the Right Hon. the Lord Chancellor, with other officers of state, were sent for, but before their arrival her Majesty was safely delivered of a Prince, about ten minutes before six, and both her Majesty and the young Prince are as well as can be expected. At noon both the park and tower guns were fired on the occasion. The above is their Majesties ninth child, having now six Princes and three Princesses.
A deputation from the body of American merchants will very shortly wait upon Lord Dartmouth, to receive his Lordship's answer to some proposals lately submitted to his consideration, for reconciling the disagreements between the colonies and the mother country.
The general estimation of West India property is, that 100 acres, with 100 Negroes, will clear, after all expences, 150 hogheads of sugar annually, which, at the usual price of 15l. per hoghead, will be 2250l. a year.
Lord Barrington presented several papers relative to St. Vincent's, which were ordered to lie on the table.
About three o'clock the Speaker being seated, Mr. T. Townsend said, Sir, I rise in consequence of a motion which I made previous to the holidays, for an enquiry into the expedition to St. Vincent's: I could wish, Sir, as I am desirous that Gentlemen would inform themselves fully of the matter, that it may be put off for a time; and should this motion be assented to, I shall also move that copies of the original instructions sent to the Governor of the ceded islands, respecting the Charibs, be laid before the House, as also copies of the report which the committee of merchants made to the board of trade, upon a question of the propriety of transporting the Charibs to another part of the world. Several papers are to be laid before the House to day; therefore, that a sufficient time may be allowed to peruse them, I purpose moving, that this day fortnight be appointed for the enquiry. By that time some interesting intelligence may be received, and indeed I expected some letters myself before this. I shall likewise, when I know the fate of this motion, move, that if any material intelligence should in the intermediate time arrive, that it may be laid before the House, as an acquaintance of mine whom I met, received a letter dated the 20th of November; and if private letters have been received, I make no doubt but government has had advice. A report indeed prevails abroad, but upon what foundation I cannot pretend to say, that government has lately thought proper to stop the expedition. Whether it has, or has not, I am not to determine; I shall therefore move, Sir, that the hearing of this matter be put off to this day fortnight.
Lord North. Sir, I could wish it had been convenient to the honourable member to have had it sooner; but as it is, I assent with all my heart to his motion. With respect, Sir, to any intelligence, I believe none has been received of any consequence. Within this day or two some may have arrived, which I am not yet acquainted with; but nothing material since, the honourable Gentleman made his motion has, I am sure, been received. As to papers and instructions to be laid before the House, every paper which may be serviceable shall be produced; and with respect to the expedition being discontinued, that, Sir, I can answer with certainty, it is not, I assure you.
The former motion was withdrawn, and next Tuesday se'nnight appointed.
Yesterday Mr. Sawbridge stood up, and spoke to the following effect in the House of Commons: That he had the two preceding sessions made the same motion he was now about to move, which was for leave to bring in a bill for shortening the duration of Parliaments. That however ardent his wishes might be, he had very little hopes of its success for the present, though he still expected to see the day when there would be very little occasion for such a motion. That on the occasions he now mentioned, he had stated his motives, and the reasons on which they were grounded, nevertheless it might not be improper to repeat them as often as the necessity recurred. He said that we were indebted to the Saxon constitution for every valuable privilege we now enjoyed; that it had continued for more than five hundred years, and preserved its vigour chiefly by short Parliaments; that from the invasion of the Normans till the reign of Henry III. they were either discontinued, or had lost all their former efficacy; that from the latter era, after a glorious struggle of more than half a century, they recovered this valuable acquisition, and brought the constitution back to its first principles; that from thenceforward to the reign of Henry VIII. the frequency of holding Parliaments was notorious, and the happy consequences resulting therefrom incontrovertible; that during the reign of that arch tyrant they were lengthened for the first time, on which the corruption of our representatives, and the bloody acts of that monster of cruelty which accompanied it, were undoubtedly the best comment; that from this demise to the time of the Rump Parliament, we were happily freed from this bane of English liberty, to which succeeded the long, the pensioned Parliament of Charles II. which was too well known to require any animadversion; that after the revolution many independent good men endeavoured to put it out of the power of bad Princes or corrupt Ministers to undermine the constitution, while the forms of it were preserved, and at length prevailed so far as to obtain the triennial bill to be passed into a law, but that all those advantages were again lost on passing the septennial bill in the year 1715; that, for his part, he was of opinion that it was better the revolution had never happened, if long Parliaments, legally and constitutionally recognized, were to be the consequence. After this detail he assured the House he had very little hopes of the success of his present motion, as he was well convinced its opposers would appear under various heads, and many classes. The support of those who retain an enthusiastic veneration for the settlement made at the revolution, and look on the septennial bill as
one of its great supports, continued he, I have little to expect from the former friends of short Parliaments. I have as little, though I think it will be difficult for them to reconcile their former conduct with the present, without supposing that they thought corruption, when confined to a part, was a political evil, but that when it becomes universal, it loses all its noxious qualities and effects. From the present Ministers I am not so romantic as to expect any assistance, because it would be in them an act of suicide, and those who have been Ministers, or expect to be so, stand nearly in the same predicament; it cannot be expected they will promote the success; what they have not done, they would not now wish to have done. Mr. Sawbridge then made his motion, and was seconded by Mr. Townsend, the Lord Mayor, who, among other things, remarked that though he foresaw the contempt with which his honourable friend's motion was intended to be treated, yet he trusted he should yet see the day it would meet with more attention. Mr. Oliver next rose, and spoke some considerable time on the same side; after which one member stood up for a few minutes, to reply, to exculpate himself from the implied charges brought against him, as included in one of the classes described by Mr. Sawbridge. After which the question was called for, when the ayes were 45, and the noes 153, and the House was up before four o'clock.
It being known that many capital houses are in possession of undoubted good bills, and are exceedingly distressed in not being able, in the present general alarm, to get them discounted, a meeting of some of the first monied men in the city was held yesterday, in order to raise the sum of 100,000l. for the purpose of discounting the good bills of such houses as shall appear, on an inspection of their accounts, to be in an undoubted prosperous situation. It is certain that this public spirited plan will meet with success beyond its original intention, and it promises the fairest of any thing yet proposed to stop the progress of that fatal distrust which now reigns in the commercial world.
A young Lady of family and fortune was on Wednesday last brought to the Fleet, and detained for the sum of 20,000l.
Extract of a letter from Paris, December 28. "Yesterday a man was stopped in his way to the fields, with a bag upon his back, which, on being searched, was found to contain a woman severed into four pieces. The man declared he was ignorant of the contents; and being desired to tell what place he had taken it from, he conducted the persons thither, where they found the assassin. On his confession it appeared that the deceased had been his wife, whom he killed involuntarily in a fit of anger, and that he had taken the above means to conceal his crime from the world."
On Monday a Chelsea pensioner who lodges at Ilkington, having received half a year's pension, went to the Marquis of Granby's Head in Chick Lane, where two women picked him up, and took him to their lodgings in Jacob's Court, Clerkenwell, where they stripped him of all his money and clothes, except his hat, wig, and shoes.
Tuesday a man genteelly dressed called at the door of an inn at Acton, and ordered sixpenny worth of warm punch, which was presented to him in a silver mug as he sat on horseback: He paid for it, drank it at a draught, put the mug in his pocket, and rode off. The landlord, taking a horse out of the stable, pursued him for two or three miles, and at last overtook him watering his horse in a pond: On the landlord's asking him for the silver mug, he said he would give it him immediately, and putting his hand in his pocket, pulled out a pistol, demanded his money, and robbed him of seven guineas, and some silver.
It is computed that the merchants at Hamburgh have lost, by the different failures in Holland and England, 300,000l.
We hear that his Majesty has graciously ordered 1000l. to be distributed among the distressed weavers in Spitalfields.
A correspondent has sent us the following simple recipe for the piles, which, he says, cured him of that terrible disorder in two days: Take tobacco ashes and hog's lard, mix them well together, and anoint the part affected when going to bed, very little of which will effect a cure.
So much base PORTUGAL COIN has been circulated in the north of England that the people absolutely refuse to take any, which is a great inconvenience to many people, especially travellers, who are often at a great loss on that account.
It is certain that several hawkers and pedlars in this kingdom, having no fixed place of abode, and pretending to trade under the authority of a licence, are employed in dispersing counterfeit and diminished money. People in this, and other countries, would do well to guard against those itinerant dealers.
Letters from Vienna say that Mr. Meroni, a man of letters in that city, has received a letter from a correspondent in Constantinople, informing him of the discovery of a complete manuscript of Livy's Roman History. Lewis the XIVth offered an hundred thousand crowns to the Porte for permission to search for this history in the library of the Seraglio, which contains the books belonging to the Greek Emperor.

It is reported that the state of public credit is at present under the consideration of the Ministry, and that some salutary regulations, particularly relating to commercial failures, will very shortly be the subject of discussion in an august assembly.
THE LAWYER'S PRAYER. A FRAGMENT.
O RDAIN'D to tread the thorny ground Where few, I fear, are faithful found, Mine be the conscience void of blame, The upright heart, the spotless name; The tribute of the widow's prayer, The righted orphan's grateful tear; To virtue, and her friends, a friend; Still may my voice the weak defend: Ne'er may my prostituted tongue Protect th' oppressor in his wrong, Nor wret the spirit of the laws To sanctify the villain's cause. Let others, with unsparing hand, Scatter their poison through the land; Inflame dissention, kindle strife, And strew with ills the path of life; On such her gifts let fortune show'r, Add wealth to wealth, and pow'r to pow'r; On me may fav'ring Heav'n bestow That peace which good men only know; The joy of joys, by few possess'd, Th' eternal sunshine of the breast. Pow'r, fame, and riches I resign, The praise of honesty be mine; That friends may weep, the worthy sigh, And poor men bless me when I die.
WILLIAMSBURG, April 1.
It hath lately been discovered that some ill disposed persons of the province of NORTH CAROLINA have forged many INSPECTORS NOTES, signed ARCHER & EPPES at Petersburg, which the public will do well to guard against.
The Laleham, Stooks, from Virginia to Aberdeen, is lost in the Orkneys, and all the crew perished. Capt. Neeks, from Virginia, arrived in London in thirty days.
Captain Ramsay, from Glasgow, Captain Barron, and Captain Livingstone, from London, are arrived in James river.
E L E C T I O N S.
Col. JOHN SYME for Hanover, in the room of Mr. John Smith, deceased. And
Mr. NICHOLAS FAULCON, junior, for Surry, in the room of Col. Hartwell Cocke, deceased.
TO THE ORTHODOX LAYMAN.
SIR,
Y OUR next objection to the finite duration of future punishments is taken from St. Paul's declaration in 2 Cor. 4. 18, which you think is an invincible proof that the terms aion and aionios necessarily import infinite duration. I will therefore examine this declaration, with the occasion of it, very particularly.
After St. Paul's departure from Corinth great divisions and contentions were introduced into the Corinthian church by a faction which opposed the holy Apostle, and accused him of hidden designs to promote his own temporal interest.
To heal these divisions, and to put an end to these contentions, St. Paul wrote his first epistle to the Corinthians, wherein he reprehends them for their defection from the true faith, exhorts them to lay aside their party distinctions, to unite, as one body, under CHRIST their head, and to return to the obedience of the gospel he had preached to them: With these exhortations he intermingles a modest justification of himself against the accusation of his opponents.
Upon their receiving this epistle the Corinthians repented of their factious conduct, submitted to the Apostle's admonitions, and expressed their earnest desire, mourning, and fervent mind, toward him.
St. Paul being informed by Titus of the happy success of this epistle, addressed a second epistle to the Corinthians, in which he speaks of the dignity of his apostolic character, and justifies himself with more courage and freedom than he had done in his first epistle; and to convince them that he had no regard to his own secular interest, he declares that as long as he lived he should be exposed to persecutions, to afflictions, and to the danger of death, for the sake of JESUS, that the life of JESUS, risen from the dead, might be made manifest by his preaching and sufferings in the flesh; that these sufferings and afflictions, though exceeding great, he willingly and cheerfully submitted to, having a certain assurance that God, through CHRIST, would recompence him with a reward even more substantial and permanent, more glorious and excellent, than those rewards which are aionian ; in comparison whereof he accounted all his labours and afflictions, all his sufferings and persecutions in this life, as light and momentary. For, says he, the momentary lightness (to gar parautica elaphron) of our tribulation worketh for us a weight of glory (kath uperbolon eis uperbolon aionion) exceedingly far more than aionion , while we look not at the things seen, but at the things not seen: for the things seen are (proskaira) of short continuance, but the things not seen are aionian .
And this certainly was a very strong and convincing argument to obviate the accusation of his adversaries; for he who looked not at things seen, but at
things not seen, he who had a certain assurance of receiving a recompence for all his labours and afflictions in the gospel of CHRIST, far more glorious and permanent than those rewards which are aionian , could not be supposed to trouble himself about the things of this momentary life, which, at best, are but of short continuance, and not worthy the regard of an apostle of JESUS CHRIST.
Against this interpretation of the text you object that the words kairos and aion are here opposed to each other, and that the latter must necessarily import infinite duration, because the former signifies finite duration. But this is a conclusion by no means just, since an HOVA and an AGE bear an antithesis sufficiently strong to overthrow your conclusion, although an age is far short of some thousand ages, and these still infinitely short of eternity.
Besides, the term kairos , in its genuine meaning, signifies a very short time, and is, for that reason, opposed to the word aion , which signifies a very long time. And this is agreeable to the use the Greeks made of these words; for they had three words in use among them to denote time in its several gradations, kairos , chronos , and aion : By aion they meant an age, by chronos a time of considerable continuance, and by kairos a short inconsiderable time. So that kairos and aion are two extremes of time, having chronos for their medium, and oppose each other by a very natural antithesis; the former representing the fleeting transitoriness of this life, the latter the stability and steadiness of perdurance, which our life will possibly have in a future state.
In this life we conceive time as consisting of successive momentary points, perpetually altering and flying off; possibly, in the aionian life, it may prove to be of a more stable and permanent nature, and the transitory points of which it now seems to consist may then appear to have been a succession of generating and corrupting parts, like the succession of plants and animals.
All things in this world bear the characters of death; but in the land of the living it may be otherwise: Then our time may possibly bear the visible characters of eternity, and afford us a typical representation of that simultaneous manner of existing, which we now conceive only by its opposite, mutability, and transitoriness.
But however this may be, the word aionios , in this text, cannot signify eternal; because St. Paul is obliged to use a very high hyperbole to enhance the meaning of it beyond its natural force. The word aionios being too scanty and confined to express the full continuance of the glorious reward he had in view, he extends the meaning of it by an hebraism, which signifies that the reward he is assured God will bestow upon him will be, in its duration, exceeding to an excess those which are aionian .
This word, therefore, in the text under consideration, must import less than a real eternity; because what is really eternal cannot be exceeded or surmounted by any additional continuance, and therefore cannot admit of hyperboles to extend its durability.
And thus the force of this passage is, the momentary lightness of my tribulation worketh for me a glory exceedingly far more durable than that which is aionian ; wherefore overlooking the things visible, I fix my eyes upon the things invisible, since the things seen are but during this short life, while the things not seen are hyperbolically hyperbolically aionian ; that is, exceeding beyond hyperbole, that immeasurable season of bliss, the life aionian .
This text, then, in its true and genuine meaning, is a full proof that the word aionian does not signify infinite or never ceasing duration, but only finite duration; and to say that this word aionian must signify eternal, because it is placed in opposition to the word proskairos (temporal) is as absurd as to say that the sun and moon must endure to eternity, because the scripture compares the duration of the throne of the MESSIAH to the duration of those planets.
For as the sun and moon may, and no doubt will, last an exceeding length of time, which yet shall be short of eternity, so may the word aionian import an exceeding length of time, which yet shall be short of eternity; and as the reign of an earthly Monarch, to which the reign of CHRIST is opposed, may be incomparably exceeded by the duration of the sun and moon, without such sun and moon during eternally, so may a temporal life in this world, to which the aionian is opposed, be incomparably exceeded by the aionian life, without such aionian life during eternally.
You remember, I doubt not, the attempt one of our moral writers has made to illustrate eternity.
Suppose, says he, a mountain of sand of an enormous size, and that once only in every thousand years an eagle were sent to lessen this mountain, by carrying away from it one single grain of sand, what a prodigious length of time would it require thus to remove this whole mountain, and before every single grain of this vast body should be carried off! But, adds he, the time required for all this work, ten thousand times repeated, bears still no proportion with eternity.
Now suppose an AION to include a duration equal to the prodigious tract of time this dilatory eagle would employ in removing this Gentleman's moun-
tain of sand, at the rate of a single grain every thousand years, will not this exceeding length of time form a contrast sufficiently strong between the words proskairos and aionios , used by St. Paul in this text, without having recourse to eternity, of which we can have no conception? I think, Sir, it will; and I defy all your criticism to prove the contrary.
You may, indeed, tell me, as you have already done, that I am a very unfair writer; with very little knowledge of the scriptures; but as such language is railing, and not reasoning, it never can influence the question between us.
I think I have said enough upon this famous word to convince any reasonable man that it denotes only (in the scripture acceptation of it) finite duration; but if you still remain riveted to a system you are not able to defend, but by a mistaken translation of the sacred text, I confess I despair of your conversion. However, that I may contribute every thing in my power to convince you of your error, I will take the liberty to refer you to Leigh's Critica Sacra upon the word aion , and to Bengelius's introduction to his exposition of the Apocalypses, as translated by Doctor Robertson; where you will find this word learnedly explained in the sense I contend for, and a very curious, if not a satisfactory, calculation of the aionian periods. I am, Sir, your humble servant,
A CHRISTIAN LAYMAN.
W HEREAS William Glascock, junior, did, on the 2d of last November take up, and break open, a letter directed to Messrs. William and Thomas Glascock, from Mr. John Blackburn, merchant in London, covering an account of a certain sum of money he the said Blackburn has received, for and upon account of the said William and Thomas, which is ready; and as he the said William Glascock, junior, holds up the said letter and account, it is suggested that he will forge the names of William and Thomas Glascock, as drawers to an exchange: Therefore caution is given hereby that such draught will be protested, as Mr. Blackburn is already cautioned not to accept any bill, without proper advice, which the said William Glascock, junior, knows not how to write.
THOMAS GLASCOCK.
Mr. RIND,
W ERE all your readers well acquainted with Mr. Thomas Glascock, the author of a cruel and ungenerous advertisement lately published in your paper, I should not give myself the trouble of answering it; but as his insanity, and extreme rashness, in many instances, are mostly unknown, it would be doing injustice to myself, and the remains of a much injured reputation, was I not to take notice of it. He charges me with breaking open a letter from Mr. John Blackburn, directed to my father and himself, as my attorneys, and looks upon such an action as of the basest kind. How quickly can this charitable brother of mine spy out the mote in my eye, and not feel the beam in his own! It is now upwards of ten years since I appointed him one of my attorneys, and having a great inclination in the summer of last year to return to my wife, to my great astonishment, found my affairs quite unsettled, many just debts in good hands not received, some entirely lost through neglect, and excessive costs heaped upon me by continuances in court for upwards of seven years, my father rendered entirely unable to transact my business, by the loss of his sight, and this worthy brother and advertiser the chiefest part of his time mad or drunk. My affairs being thus situated, I have been endeavouring to settle them myself, and having occasion to go to Philadelphia, appointed another attorney, and this letter that he mentions came to hand, which I opened without the least apprehension of injuring any person, judging it contained an account relative to my affairs, and knowing my father to be entirely blind, and that my brother, and this good Gentleman, my other attorney, would secret any account that would be advantageous to me, as he often had done before, and that he was even unfit for any kind of business. I am, Sir, your humble servant,
WILLIAM GLASCOCK, jun.
NANSEMOND, March 31, 1773.
W ANTED immediately, on charter, for PORT GLASGOW, a vessel between three and five hundred hogheads. For terms apply to JOHN HAMILTON, and company.
On Monday the 25th instat (April) being Cumberland court day, will be SOLD, by virtue of a deed of trust from the Reverend Mr. John Hyde Saunders to Messrs. Alexander Speirs, John Bowman, and company,
A TRACT OF LAND lying in said county, containing 470 acres, now in the possession of said Saunders. Three hundred pounds of the purchase money to be paid down, and eighteen months credit will be allowed for the remainder. The sale will be conducted by Mr. Littlebury Mosby, and the land may be received by applying to Mr. Saunders.
JAMES FAIRLIE.
A great COCK MATCH
TO BE FOUGHT
AT GLOUCESTER COURTHOUSE, ON THURSDAY THE 15th INSTANT, APRIL.

NOTICE is hereby given that there are now remaining in Osborne's warehouse, Chesterfield county, six hogheads of tobacco, marked as follows, which have been inspected upwards of three years.
   No. Gross. Tare. Nett.     6 1195 131 1064 W. Croder's note out.   72 1300 154 1146 John Calwell.   125 1157 134 1023 Thomas Jackson.   1339 1384 136 1248 Marked I. E. C.   1380 918 111 807 William Farley, sen.   2136 1250 123 1127 R. Ellett, P. Edward.  
WHEREAS I purchased of Robert Tunstall his undivided part of the land, surveyed for the officers and soldiers late of the Virginia regiment, on the river Ohio, and the branches of the same, which the said Tunstall had in right, as a serjeant in the said regiment, and as the said Robert Tunstall is one of those named in a patent that has since issued for the said land; and whereas I have sold the said undivided right to Mr. Robert Rutherford, this is to forewarn all persons against being imposed by any future purchase from the said Robert Tunstall, or any claiming under him.
JOHN CREAGH.
THE badness of the weather preventing the sale of my land, advertised some time ago, I now propose selling it, at public auction, before the Raleigh door, in Williamsburg, on the 3d of May next. The land is pleasantly situated on Mattaponi river, and contains 650 acres by estimation, and 100 acres of marsh on the opposite side of the river. There is on the said land a genteel two story brick house, and offices of brick; likewise a large warehouse 60 by 24, with a brick cellar, and within 30 yards of a wharf where vessels of an hundred tons may load. Any person inclinable to purchase will be shewn the land, and know the terms, by applying to
JOHN MEREDITH.
N. B. As the title to the above mentioned land was some time ago in dispute, I think it will not be improper to inform the public that the entail has been broke by act of Assembly, and the Royal assent obtained.
STRAYED from Mr. Henry Bell's, in Buckingham, on the 24th of February last, a bright bay horse, with a hanging mane and switch tail, branded on the near buttock ●, has a scar on his left cheek near the eye, 4 feet 7 or 8 inches high, about 7 or 8 years old, is pretty and high spirited, trots fast for his size, and when he gallops gathers quick. Whoever brings him to me, near Mr. Trent's, or to Mr. Bell, shall be well rewarded.
DOLPHIN DREW.
TAKEN up, in Albemarle, a small grey mare, about 4 feet 2 inches high, branded on the near buttock ●, has a wart on her right ear, her hind feet are white, has a hanging mane and tail, trots altogether, and is about 5 years old. Posted, and appraised to 4l.
EDWARD BARBER.
TAKEN up, in Bedford, two mares, the one a black, branded on the near buttock S, has a small star in her forehead, her mane hangs on the right side, about 6 or 7 years old, branded on the near shoulder with something that cannot be made out; the other is a dark bay, with a small star in her forehead, branded on the near buttock R, her mane hangs on the near side, and is about 5 years old. Posted, and appraised to 5l. each.
JOHN CLYBURN.
WHEREAS some notorious villain has reported, and endeavoured to make the public believe, that I have been privy to passing the PAPER MONEY of this colony, knowing the same to be bad, I do hereby offer a reward of TWENTY FIVE POUNDS to any person that will discover the author of such report.
HENRY ANDERSON.
THE subscriber having opened a TAVERN at Aquia, in Stafford county, in the house formerly kept by Mr. Yelverton Peyton, all Gentlemen travelling that road, who please to favour him with their custom, may rely upon receiving the best entertainment, and the greatest care taken of their horses.
CHARLES TYLER.
WANTS employment a young man who understands book-keeping, and managing a store. For terms apply to the printer hereof.
NORFOLK, March 18, 1773.
THE partnership of George Jackson, Matthew Jackson, and William Jacques, being dissolved, this is to request all persons who have any demands against the said partnership to make them known immediately, that they may be adjusted; and those indebted are desired to make speedy payment, or give their notes, to George Jackson only, that no disputes may hereafter arise. The subscriber again earnestly hopes those indebted, either by bond, or otherwise, will discharge their accounts as soon as possible, as some misfortunes of late really necessitate him to this request.
GEORGE JACKSON.
WANTED , on charter, for GLASGOW, a VESSEL of about 300 hogheads of tobacco burthen. For terms apply to Mr. John Lawrence and company, merchants in Norfolk, or the subscriber in Warwick. JOHN LEITCH.
RUN away from the subscriber, in Culpeper, in March 1772, a remarkable likely, well made Mulatto man named DICK, about 27 years old, and 5 feet 7 or 8 inches high; took with him several suits of clothes, among which was a blue cotton or hair shag jacket. It is probable he will pass as a free-man, having stole a pass from one Lazarus Anthony, signed by Thomas Nelson, King, and several other Gentlemen, whose names I do not recollect, by which he may impose on the public. Whoever will secure him in any gaol in this colony so that I get him again shall receive THREE POUNDS, and if out of the colony FIVE POUNDS, or if delivered to me at Wilderness, in Spotsylvania.
WILLIAM JONES.
NEWCASTLE, March 11, 1773.
THE subscriber intends for North Britain early in May next. ROBERT CAMPBELL.
RUN away from the subscriber, in Williamsburg, on Saturday the 13th instant (March) WILLIAM BOLTON and CHARLES WINFREE CHANDLER: Bolton is about 18 years of age, 5 feet 6 inches high, very clumsy, and has a four countenance. Chandler is about the height of Bolton, 17 years of age, and has an agreeable countenance. Whoever conveys Chandler to me shall receive TWENTY SHILLINGS, and I hereby offer a reward of ONE HANDFUL of SHAVINGS to any person that will secure Bolton so that I may get him again.
JAMES GARDNER.
N. B. They took with them a couple of two feet rules, which all persons are forewarned from purchasing, as also from harbouring or employing them. If Chandler will return of his own accord, I hereby promise not to give him the least correction.
THE executors of Col. George Lee think it necessary to inform the public, in order to prevent mistakes, that the tract of land lying on Cub Run, in the county of Loudoun, lately advertised in this paper for sale, by Philip Ludwell Grymes, Esq; has been possessed by their ward, Mr. Lancelot Lee, and his ancestors (under the proprietor's patent) for more than thirty years last past.
TAKEN up, in Amherst, two barrows, of a red colour, both marked with an underkeel in the right ear, and a crop and underkeel in the left. Posted, and appraised to 2l. 10s.
CORNELIUS THOMAS.
TAKEN up, in Buckingham, a small bay mare, about 4 feet 5 inches high, 6 years old, branded on the near shoulder and buttock A G, has some saddle spots, and some white hair round her neck. Posted, and appraised to 5l.
JOSEPH CABELL.
TAKEN up, in Frederick, a forrel horse, about 6 years old, 13 hands high, branded on the near buttock M, has a star in his forehead, and paces.
JAMES HAGAN.
TAKEN up, in Amherst, a forrel horse, about 10 years old, 4 feet 8 inches high, branded on the near shoulder C, and on the near buttock P. Posted, and appraised to 10l. 10s.
JAMES LAYNE.
TAKEN up, in Isle of Wight, a bright bay gelding, 14 hands and an inch high, his two hind feet white, has a hanging mane and switch tail, some saddle spots near his shoulder, and a star in his forehead. Posted, and appraised to 10l.
JOHN PARNELL.
TAKEN up, in Dinwiddie, a small bay horse, about 4 feet 3 inches high, with some white in his face, a hanging mane and switch tail, but has no perceivable brand. LUDWELL WORSHAM.
TAKEN up, in Halifax, a fleabitten white horse, about 4 feet 5 inches high, 12 years old, trots naturally, branded on the near shoulder and buttock D. Posted, and appraised to 2l. J. HUBBARD.
NORFOLK, March 3, 1773.
OLD LISBON and low priced WHITE WINES, LOAF SUGAR, and a few WHEAT FANS, to be sold by HARMANSON & HARVEY.
RUN away from Eltham, on Sunday the 10th of January, a light Mulatto fellow named OTHO, about 5 feet 9 inches high, freckled in the face, has light grey eyes, and brown hair, which he wears tied behind, his skin under his clothes is very white, and had on, when he went away, a blue cloth waistcoat, and a coat of the same, with a red velvet cape. I expect he will endeavour to pass for a white man. All masters of vessels are forewarned from harbouring or carrying the said slave off at their peril. I will give FIVE POUNDS to any person who will deliver him to me, or secure him in any gaol, and give notice thereof.
BURWELL BASSETT.
FORTY DOLLARS REWARD.
RUN away from the subscriber, living in Westmoreland, the 12th of August last, an Irish convict servant man named MATTHEW THARP, by trade a gardener, about 5 feet 5 inches high, well made, much pitted with the smallpox, has short dark hair, but generally wears a dark wig over it chubbed; had on, and took with him, a pair of leather breeches, light coloured cloth coat, old striped jacket, several white and oznabrig shirts, one check ditto, an old brown holland coat, striped holland trowsers much stained, shoes and stockings of many sorts, a hat almost new, with a band and buckle. This fellow was convicted, last June Oyer court was a twelve month, for horsestealing. Whoever will secure him in any of his Majesty's gaols, so that I get him, shall receive the above reward. I have been credibly informed that some time after the said Tharp closed, he went down to Williamsburg, and applied to John Randolph, Esquire, for a pass, which he obtained.
JOSEPH PEIRCE.
FREDERICKSBURG, February 24, 1773.
WHEREAS some of those indebted on the books here have not paid due regard to my advertisement of the 1st of December last, I give them this last notice that all and every account not paid off, or a good part of it, before the 20th of April, or our May fair at farthest, or settled by bond, or other specialty, before that time, will most certainly be put into the hands of a lawyer, without respect of persons. Unavoidable reasons will oblige me to this, which I shall probably, in time, acquaint them with. Those who are put to trouble and expence cannot now blame me for want of notice. I have sold part of the goods on hand, but so as not to distort the store, and have still a large assortment by me, which I will sell in wholesale or retail on the terms formerly advertised. Any person who will purchase the whole shall have them on terms which they themselves will say are very low and reasonable.
GEORGE MITCHELL.
DOCTOR GRAHAM, OCULIST AND AURIST, at Philadelphia, thus publicly gives notice that he proposes to be at Williamsburg about the middle of April next, where those persons whose circumstances or situation have precluded them from the benefit of applying for assistance at Philadelphia may consult him in all disorders of the eye, and its appendages, and in every species of deafness, hardness of hearing, ulcerations, noise in the ears, &c. Those persons, likewise, who have been born deaf and dumb, or those who labour under any impediment in their speech, by applying personally, will probably be assisted.
FOR SALE.
THE plantation whereon the subscriber lives, in King and Queen, about a mile and a half from Todd's warehouse, containing 657 acres, in good order for cropping, with a large peach and apple orchard thereon beginning to bear, and a quantity of low grounds, which may be made good meadow with very little expence. The dwellinghouse, kitchen, and other outhouses, have been built between four and five years. Any person inclinable to purchase may know the terms by applying to.
ROBINSON DAINGERFIELD.
COMMITTED to the gaol of Accomack a runaway slave, about 21 years of age, 5 feet 4 inches high, very likely, and has a scar over his left eye, at his first commitment said he belonged to Mr. Otto Ball on James river, but now says he belongs to Mr. Morgan Sabb in Charles town, South Carolina, and formerly was the property of Mr. Cornelius Dinwiddie of Maryland, and was sold by Capt. Benjamin Hammond to the said Sabb, and that his own name is ABNER; had with him, when taken up, two oznabrig shirts, and one pair of trowsers. He says he has been from his master two or three years, and has followed the water ever since. The owner, on proving his property, and paying charges, may have him of ISAAC DUNTON, Sheriff.
RUN away from the subscriber, at Petersburg, about the middle of September last, a very likely Negro man named PHIL, about 20 years of age, of a yellowish complexion, about 5 feet 9 inches high, and proportionably made; he is a native of Africa, but speaks broken English, having been some years in the West Indies, and has lost two joints off two of his fingers on his right hand; had on an oznabrig shirt, an old Virginia cloth waistcoat, with a new Negro cotton jacket over it, and a pair of old check trowsers. As he has been used to the sea, he will probably endeavour to get on board some ship, and make his escape out of the colony; all masters of vessels are therefore forewarned from harbouring or carrying him off, at their peril. I will give THREE POUNDS reward to any person who will deliver said slave to me, or to Mr. Hugh McMeikin at Portsmouth, and FORTY SHILLINGS to secure him in any gaol, and give notice thereof.
THOMAS GORDON.