Lynchburg star (Lynchburg [Va.]), 1806-12-11 00:00:00

LYNCHBURG STAR.
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YEAR 2.
Thursday, December 11, 1806.
No. 7.
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FROM THE AURORA.
BOUNDARIES & EXTENT OF LOUISIANA.
[CONTINUED.]
Extracted from MSS. sketches of Louisiana, written by a military gentleman, who has been stationed on the Mississippi ever since the spring of 1803.
The French were also the first to ascend the Red river to its source, and to fix establishments on it. They explored the country to the south and south east, between that river and the Rio Bravo, and formed a settlement at the Attakapas, about 150 miles in a south westerly direction from Natchitoches. The perfidious deceit practised by the Spaniards to form a settlement at that place, and to repel that of the French, has been already detailed, (in the historical part) from which a legitimate claim cannot be deduced by Spain. The French never acquiesced in this breach of faith, but protested against it, and kept their claims alive by remonstrance, and only waited for the means to repel themselves of a territory, out of which they had been defrauded. Before the purchase of the country by the United States, the Spanish and French commissioners had some warm disputes on the subject of the boundaries in this quarter. The former alleged, that he was only authorised to deliver the possession of the country on this side of the Sabine river, which is about 120 miles from Natchitoches. The latter contended, that the claims of his nation extended to the Rio Bravo; and among other things, he stated, that the French once maintained a garrison on that river—that the works were still visible, and that some old cannon still remained there, which were of French manufacture. It is also suggested, that
most of the remarkable objects between the Red river and the Rio Bravo, such as caves, bays, lakes and creeks, are known under French names. This tends to prove, that they were the first to explore the country; for the names of things and places are generally derived from the language of the first discoverers.
Hence there is strong ground to believe, that the extent of France's claim to the country included between the Mississippi, the Rio Bravo, and the Gulf of Mexico, was paramount to that of Spain, and never extinguished. As long ago as 1717 the Spaniards had a garrison, named St. John Baptist, on the western side of the Rio Bravo, in N. lat. 29 degrees; but they never made any establishments on the opposite side of the river before the year 1763. A fraudulent possession can never be converted into right, and be legitimated among nations—especially if the injured party requires to rescind its claim, and never acquiesces in the wrong. The treaty of 1763 put an end to all contention about boundaries between France and Spain—but this does not invalidate the claims of the United States, because the only question is—what were the boundaries of Louisiana before that period?
Spain ceded Louisiana to France with the same extent it had when the latter possessed it. If the boundaries were now to be settled between those powers, would not France contend, that her claims extended to the Rio Bravo? To prove the validity of this, she would adduce the settlement made by M. de la Salle and his people about the Bay of St. Bernard in 1685; the recognition of her claims in the grant made to Crozat in 1712; the erection of a fortress on the Rio Bravo, and the various discoveries made in that part of the country before and subsequent to these periods; and would urge with effect, that the right of simple discovery, without occupancy was paramount to a fraudulent possession. The rights of France, whatever they were, have devolved on the U. States; and we are bound to ascertain and to assert them.
There is no pretension, that the Spaniards ever discovered or explored any of the rivers, which fall from the west into the Mississippi and Missouri. The attempts made by them in 1720 to form a settlement on the Missouri, proved abortive. The adventurers were surprised by the Indians, who were the allies of the French, and not one of them escaped death except the chaplain. The French, on the contrary, ascended all the rivers, except the Missouri, to their sources, and opened a trade with the Indians. They always claimed and exercised acts of sovereignty over all the country, between her Mexican mountains, and the Mississippi and Missouri. They made treaties with the Indians, granted lands to settlers and exclusive privileges to traders. They maintained a post several hundred miles up the Arkansas, another on the Missouri, and a third near the source of the Ohio river, in the very heart of the country.
It is even more than probable, that Spain has heretofore acceded to the western boundaries; and the facts now to be stated, create a violent presumption of such an accession. While Louisiana was in the hands of France, some traders from the Mississippi went up the Arkansas, and erected a store on the eastern declivity of the Mexican mountains, for the purpose of trading with the Spaniards, situated between those mountains and the Rio Bravo. The Mexican traders, who monopolise the trade of that country under exclusive privileges, inclined to believe that their rights were infringed, seized the persons and effects of the supposed intruders. They sent the former to the Havanna for trial, where an acquittal was decreed by the supreme tribunal, as also a restoration of the goods, on the ground that the store of the Mississippi traders was within the bounds of Louisiana. One of the persons interested in this transaction is now living; and he detailed it very minutely to the writer in these sketches. An occurrence which took place in 1772, furnishes some additional proof on this subject, and corroborates the statement already made. A gentleman engaged in the petty trade about the head waters of the Arkansas, had a man in his employ at that period about 60 years of age. This man had been a soldier in his younger days, and he declared to his em-
ployer, that he was then engaged in running the boundary line between the French and Spaniards. On passing the mouth of a small branch from the west, he laid there a curiosity at the head of it, where the line crossed. This curiosity was a large tree on which the officers and surveyors made some marks, and to which they nailed a large plate of lead, or some other metal, with inscriptions on it.
These incidents, however trifling in appearance, deserve investigation, as they may lead to important discoveries. It seems indeed strange, that they are not historically known. Two circumstances may be adduced to prove the truth of their statements.—The first is, that subsequent to the year 1794, about which time these boundaries are supposed to have been settled—no disturbances occurred on the western borders of Louisiana; and the most rational way to account for this long calm of near thirty years, is to suppose, that some pacific measures had been agreed on by the two nations. The second is, that most of the transactions between France and Spain, particularly near the peace of 1763, were enveloped in profound mystery.
Considerable light may be thrown on this subject, by a recurrence to the latest Spanish and French maps. In the year 1799 the gulf of Mexico was surveyed and a map made of it, under the authority of the king of Spain, by Don Juan Langara, secretary of state, and of universal dispatches. It embraces the whole of the sea coast between N. Lat. 18 degrees and the river St. Mary's in Georgia, and also the gulf with all the islands and soundings, between the 80th and 92d degrees of west longitude from Cadiz. This map is applicable to our present purpose only in one particular: it seems to confine the Sabine river, the mouth of which is laid down in N. Long. 93 degrees 53 min. as the boundary between Louisiana and the interior provinces.
Du Pratz resided in Louisiana from 1718 to 1734, during which time he sustained the office of overseer of the plantations—penetrated most of its rivers, and became acquainted with the civil and natural history of it. In 1758, after his return to France, he published an history of Louisiana in several volumes—an epitome of which in one small volume has appeared in English—and he accompanied it with a map, descriptive of the boundaries claimed by his sovereign. In this map is included that part of Florida which lies between the Mississippi, and a line drawn south from the extremity of the Appalachian mountains, to the gulf of Mexico, a considerable distance to the eastward of Pensylvania; and yet he acknowledges in his history, that the Rio Perdido is the boundary line! From the mouth of the Mississippi, this line stretches along the gulf to the mouth of Rio Bravo, laid down by the Spaniards in N. Lat. 25 degrees 53 min. thence on the easterly bank of that river to about N. Long. 93 degrees 25 min. where there is a considerable bend in it; it then diverges from the river and extends nearly parallel to it, and about 40 miles from it, and terminates in N. Lat. 45 degrees.
This author has laid down a ridge of hills, commencing in about N. Lat. 31 degrees, at no great distance from Red river, and extending west till it intersects the Mexican mountains—which commences at some distance from the gulf, & extends along nearly parallel to the Rio Bravo. This ridge is in some places one and an half, and in others three degrees of latitude from the gulf. In this space no less than eleven considerable rivers are laid down; and five of them, one of which is the Sabine, appear to have their sources at the foot of this ridge. Du Pratz has been so particular as to designate all the Indian villages and nations and other remarkable objects, included in the territory bounded by the Mississippi on the east—the gulf on the south—the Mexican mountains on the west, and the 46th deg. of lat. on the north. In defining the boundaries about the gulf, and between Red river and the Rio Bravo, his authority is of great weight.
When Du Pratz resided in Louisiana, the French had only ascended the Mississippi to the mouth of the St. Anthony, in N. Lat. 45 degrees, and only 900 miles up the Missouri; and this is probably the reason, which induced him to bound Louisiana to the north on that degree. But between
that period and the year 1763 the French penetrated the Mississippi to its source, and the Missouri to N. Lat. 48 degrees, or about 1600 miles, and carried on an indirect trade with the Indians about the shining mountains.—The Spaniards never visited these regions, and they remain ignorant of them to this day. They have penetrated from Santa Fe to the heads of the Kansas and Platte rivers—and to their discoveries are limited in this quarter.
Hence the boundaries in question are not so problematical as some seem to suppose—Louisiana bounds south on the gulf of Mexico—south west, partly on the Rio Bravo, and partly on the Mexican mountains—north west on the shining mountains—north on part of Canada—east on the upper part of the Missouri, as also on the Mississippi as low down as N. Lat. 31 degrees, where the line extends nearly at right angles with the river, and embraces all that part of Florida to the westward of the Rio Perdido.
The shape or figure of Louisiana is triangular. It is somewhat narrower in the south, but it gradually increases in breadth as it recedes from the gulf. If we can find the length and central breadth the quantity of territory may be easily estimated. We know that the Mandans on the Missouri are situated in N. Latitude 47 deg. 21 min. 47 sec. and from their accounts of that river beyond them, we have good reason to conclude, that its source in the shining mountains is in about N. Lat. 57 deg. 30 min. Hence Louisiana between these mountains and the gulf embraces twenty-eight degrees of lat. to which we must add about 14 deg. of lon. so that its length may be computed at about two thousand two hundred and thirty-four miles. If the latitudes and longitudes of St. Louis on the Mississippi, and of Santa Fe, the capital of North Mexico, be accurately laid down, they are divided by a space of six hundred and ninety-two miles. But as Santa Fe is situated about 40 miles to the westward of the Mexican mountains, or the source of the Arkansas, the breadth of Louisiana at St. Louis, (which will answer for the average breadth) is about six hundred and sixty-two miles. The Abbe Raynal calculates it at 600 miles. If these data be correct, Louisiana contains 1,489,168 square miles; or 953,067,520 acres. Perhaps this estimate may stagger the belief of some—especially as the territory on the west side of the shining mountains is not included in it; but if they will take the trouble to examine the great extent of the rivers, and to consult the testimonies of various travellers, they will entertain different sentiments. Should Spain ever be able to deprive us of the territory to the westward of Red River, the deduction would not be very sensibly perceived. It would inflict a greater wound on our character, than on our purse.
It is here proper to remark, that the Mexican mountains, though generally confounded, are totally distinct. The former commence near the gulf of Mexico, and stretch (to the eastward of Santa Fe) along to the north-west. Where they terminate is not ascertained. The latter are a spur or prolongation of the Cordillera de los Andes, which extend from the straits of Magellan, along the Pacific Ocean, to about N. Lat. 58 deg. where they terminate. The distance from Santa Fe to these mountains, is not correctly known;—but the Caravans, loaded with precious metals, are usually 40 days in passing from one to the other.
From the Scioto Gazette.
We have been favoured with the perusal of a letter from a gentleman in New-Orleans, to his friend in this county, dated September 19, 1806, from which we take the following extract:
"As the season is now fast approaching when the produce of your country may be expected to arrive, we take the earliest opportunity to forward you a price current annexed, and at the same time point out the articles that, in our opinion, are best suited to our market the ensuing season.
"Flour will, no doubt, be a good article. It has been for some time past extremely scarce, and altho' the greatest

part of what now remains on hand, is not in good order, yet it readily commands ten dollars per barrel, and the price likely to rise, until a supply can arrive from the states by sea, which is not expected to be in large quantities.
"Tobacco has lately become very much in demand here, and will very probably continue so.
Prices current at New-Orleans— September 19th, 1806.
Flour, Dollars, 10. Tobacco, 5 6. Beef, none at market. Pork, do. Lard, 13 to 16 cents. Butter, 20 25. Whiskey, 30 56. Indian meal, none. Staves, (pipe) Dollars 40 do. hhds. 20. Corn, 60 70 cents per bushel. Cordage, Dolls. 12 14. Bacon, 8 10 cents.
The Star.
Lynchburg.
Thursday, December 11.
TUESDAY, DECEMBER 2, 1806.
VIRGINIA LEGISLATURE.
House of Delegates.
General Assembly, begun and held at the Capitol in the City of Richmond, on Monday the first day of December in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and six, and of the Commonwealth the thirtieth:
On which day, being the day appointed by law for the meeting of the General Assembly of Delegates as appeared, having taken the oaths prescribed by law, took their seats in the house, and a majority of the whole number being present;
Mr. E. Harrison, one of the delegates for the county of Amelia, reminded the house of the necessity of proceeding to the choice of a Speaker, and recommended Peter Johnson, esq. one of the delegates for the county of Prince-Edward as a person who had given evidence of his ability and fitness to discharge the duties of that office; and was seconded in the nomination by Mr. Miller of Powhatan; whereupon,
Resolved unanimously, That the said Peter Johnson, esq. be appointed Speaker to this house; who being conducted to the chair, made his acknowledgements to the house for the honor conferred upon him.
Ordered, That Henry Moss be appointed Sergeant at Arms to this house.
Ordered, That William Drinkard, Edward Clarke, Furnea Southall and Anthony Davis, be appointed Door Keepers to this house.
Ordered, That they severally give their attendance accordingly.
Resolved, That when this house adjourns to-day it will adjourn 'till to-morrow 12 o'clock.
And then the house adjourned 'till to-morrow 12 o'clock.
WASHINGTON, (Ken.) Nov. 15. Extract from a letter dated Frankfort, Nov. 8th, 1806.
"A letter received by a gentleman here, from general Wilkinson, of recent date, mentions his having captured sixty mules, thirty of which were loaded with silver, together with their escort; and that he was on his march to meet the Spanish army, and was then within a small distance of them, and although his number of men was far inferior to those of the Spaniards, he felt confident,
if an action ensued that he should defeat them.
"On Wednesday last, the attorney for the United States for the district of Kentucky, made a motion to the Federal court, now in session at this place, for a process to bring before the court col. Burr late vice president of the U. S. (who was then in Lexington) to answer charges stated in an affidavit, made by the attorney, that he was well informed and verily believed, that Col. Burr was forming an expedition (and purchasing stores &c. for that purpose) against some of his Catholic majesty's colonies now in amity with the United States. The court, however, no doubt from the importance of the subject, ordered a grand jury to be summoned before whom I suppose the attorney will prefer an indictment. The jury was sworn to day, and ordered by the court to appear on Wednesday next, by which time the attorney is to produce the evidence in support thereof. Should the grand jury find a true bill, it is probable that an immediate trial will be had, as col. Burr has come to town for the purpose of meeting the charge."
(The Auxiliary.)
WASHINGTON CITY, Nov. 28.
By the President of the United States of America, A PROCLAMATION.
WHEREAS information has been received that sundry persons, citizens of the United States, or residents within the same, are conspiring and confederating together to begin and set on foot, provide and prepare the means for a military expedition or enterprise against the dominions of Spain, that for this purpose, they are fitting out and arming vessels in the western waters of the United States, collecting provisions, arms, military stores and other means, are deceiving and seducing honest and well meaning citizens under various pretences, to engage in their criminal enterprizes, are organizing, officering and arming themselves for the same, contrary to the laws in such cases made and provided: I have therefore thought fit to issue this my PROCLAMATION, warning and enjoining all faithful citizens who have been led without due knowledge or consideration to participate in the said unlawful enterprizes, to withdraw from the same without delay; and commanding all persons whatsoever engaged or concerned in the same, to cease all further proceedings therein, as they will answer the contrary at their peril; and incur prosecution with all the rigors of the law. And I hereby enjoin and require all officers, civil and military of the United States, or of any of the states or territories, and especially all governors, and other executive authorities, all judges, justices and other officers of the peace, all military officers of the army or navy of the United States, and officers of the militia, to be vigilant each within his respective department, and according to his functions, in searching out, and bringing to condign punishment, all persons engaged, or concerned in such enterprize, in seizing and detaining, subject to the dispositions of the law, all vessels, arms, military stores or other means provided or providing for the same, and in general in preventing the carrying on such expedition or enterprize, by all the lawful means, within their power: and I require all good and
faithful citizens, and others within the United States, to be aiding and assisting herein, and especially in the discovery, apprehension and bringing to justice of all such offenders, in preventing the execution of their unlawful designs, and in giving information against them to the proper authorities.
In testimony whereof I have caused the seal of the United States to be affixed to these presents, and have signed (Seal.) the same with my hand. Given at the city of Washington on the twenty-second day of November, one thousand eight hundred and six, and in the year of the sovereignty and independence of the United States the thirty first.
(Signed.)
TH: JEFFERSON.
By the President,
(Signed.)
JAMES MADISON, Secretary of State.
Motion in the Federal Court of the Kentucky District, against AARON BURR, Esq. late Vice President of the United States, for crimes of high misdemeanors.
On Wednesday, about noon, on the 5th inst. J. H. Daviess, Esq. Attorney of the U. States, for the above district, rose, and addressing the court, said that he had a motion to make of the utmost magnitude, and extraordinary nature, and which regarded the welfare of the union at large. That the unhappy state of his health alone, had prevented him from making it on the first day of the term—That he should ground his motion on an affidavit which he would present to the court. He then made oath to the following affidavit:—
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA.
Kentucky District, ss.
J. H. DAVIESS, attorney for the U. States, in and for said district, upon his corporal oath, doth depose and say, That the deponent is informed, and doth verily believe, that a certain Aaron Burr, Esq. late vice-president of the said U. S. for several months past, hath been, and is now engaged in preparing, and setting on foot, and in providing and preparing means, for a military expedition and enterprise within this district, for the purpose of descending the Ohio and Mississippi therewith, and making war upon the subjects of the king of Spain, who are in a state of peace with the people of these United States—To wit: on the provinces of Mexico, on the westwardly side of Louisiana, which appertain and belong to the king of Spain, an European prince, with whom these United States are at peace.
And said deponent further saith, that he is informed, and fully believes, that the above charge, can be, and will be fully substantiated by evidence, provided this honorable court will grant compulsory process to bring in witness to testify thereto.
And the deponent further saith, that he is informed, and verily believes, that the agents and emissaries of the said Burr, have purchased up, and are continuing to purchase large stores of provisions, as if for an army; which the said Burr, seems to conceal in great mystery from the people at large, his purposes and projects; while the minds of the good people of this district, seem agitated with the current rumour that a military expedition against some
neighbouring power, is preparing by said Burr.
Wherefore, said attorney, on behalf of said U. S. pray, that due process issue to compel the personal appearance of the said Aaron Burr, in this court; and also of such witnesses as may be necessary on behalf of the said United States; and that this honorable court, will duly recognize the said Aaron Burr, to answer such charges as may be preferred against him in the premises; and in the mean time, that he desist and refrain from all further preparation and proceeding in the said armament within the said United States, or the territories or dependencies thereof.
J. H. DAVIESS, A. U. S.
Having read this affidavit the attorney proceeded in the following words:—
The present subject has much engaged my mind. The case made out is only as to the expedition against Mexico; but I have information on which I can rely, that all the western territories are the next object of the scheme—and finally, all the region of the Ohio is calculated as falling into the vortex of the new proposed revolution. What the practicability of this scheme is, I will not say; but certainly any progress in it, might cost our country much blood and treasure to undo; and, at the least great public agitation must be expected.
I am determined to use every effort in my power, as an officer and as a man to prevent and defeat it.
Having made the affidavit myself, I shall make no comments on its sufficiency.
In cases of felony the affidavit must be positive, as to a felony actually committed; but in a misdemeanor of this nature, where the sole object of the law is prevention, such an oath cannot be required: the thing must rest on belief as to the main point of guilt.
I could easily prove positively the purchase of supplies of various kinds; but this is no offence. Mr. Burr may purchase supplies—he may import arms—he may engage men, which I am told is actually begun—yet all these things being proved make no offence; neither can proof of the declarations of his known confidants, of which abundance might be had, attach guilt to him—it is the design, the intent with which he makes these preparations, that constitute his misdemeanor.
There must be a great exertion of supposition to imagine a case in which positive proof of the illegal design can be had—it must rest in information and belief.
The court ought therefore to issue a warrant or capias for the accused, and examine witnesses; when the court will be able to decide whether Mr. Burr should be bound to good behaviour on the premises, or recognised to appear here and answer an indictment.
His honour Judge Innes declined on account of the importance of the question, to give an opinion without taking time for consideration. This opinion he did not deliver until this morning about eleven, which opinion went to overrule the motion of the attorney of the United States, on the grounds,
1st. That the court was not invested with the power.
2d. If the court were, that the evidence was not sufficient.
The attorney then moved for a warrant, to summon a grand jury, before whom he was to prefer an indictment against col. Burr. This the court immediately grant.

ed; and a warrant was given to Col. Crocket, the marshal of the district for that purpose. The judge ordered his opinion to be entered on the record. A copy of it, therefore, shall be obtained and published in an extra half sheet in the beginning of the week, with the farther proceedings of the court on this important question. 1 o'clock. After the names of the grand jury were called, col. Burr entered, attended by H. Clay, esq. as his counsel, and after having seated himself a few minutes rose and addressed the court in concise and impressive terms. He stated that he had been upon the eve of his departure from Lexington, when he was informed that his name had been mentioned with reproach in that court; that he made it his business to hasten to this place, and present himself before the court for investigation, with several other observations which we shall publish at length in our next. At present we can only say, that the grand jury were ordered to attend on Wednesday morning at 10 o'clock.
The following distressing circumstance is stated to us as having occurred in a town in the north of this kingdom, (Ireland) :—
A young Gentleman of considerable pretensions as to character and attainment, paid his addresses to a young Lady, who, to being gifted with superior endowments of mind and person, added to the prospect of a liberal fortune if married with the consent of her father.—It being a material object with him to have whoever may be her suitor of equal advantages in point of fortune, he signified his disapprobation of the existing attachment she had formed, and peremptorily directed that there should be no future familiarity with her lover, urging his want of independence as the motive. Her objections and reasoning were unavailing—her father was decisive in his injunctions.—Her asseverations; that the strength of her present prepossession would preclude even in remote possibility any other regard, had no influence. A young man, a distant relative, was proposed for her acceptance by her father, as eligible in property, which he conceived to be the material matrimonial ingredient; and he, although in possession of her situation, pressed his addresses, in defiance of frequent explanations and repulses, and they were accordingly married.—The morning after their marriage, when, with the exception of her husband, every one had withdrawn from the breakfast table, she emptied the contents of a small phial into a tea cup, and drank it. Her husband, with some astonishment, remarked the degree of cheerfulness with which she drank.
She with much serenity informed him she had drank poison; and that she had found it a very sweet draught. The truth of her assertions was obvious upon examining her tea cup—a white sediment which remained, explained the fact fully. Every possible remedy was resorted to for preservation—but the strength of poison resisted all resources. Less than an hour the excess of agony, which she bore with a sedate countenance, brought on a heavy hand of death and she breathed no more. The misery the surviving parties is indescribable.
[Cork Journal.]
On Friday night, the following melancholy event occurred, at one of the vile sinks of vice, (with which our town is now cursed in a degree beyond all former example) in water street....At a house occupied by one Menzie, there was a public gambling table kept, where a dispute arose between an Italian, whose name is Colminer, the keepers of the table, and some other persons present, about the game; from words, they soon came to blows, when the Italian drew a dagger, which he used with such effect that he soon stabbed four of the party; one named Davis, expired in a few hours, another named Watson, died of his wounds on Saturday, two others were wounded, and one of them is now in considerable danger. The Italian has made his escape, and has not since been heard of.
(Norfolk Ledger.)
DIED, at the Hotwells, Bristol, on the 8th of September, PATRICK O'BRIEN, the Irish giant. This extraordinary man, whose height exceeded eight feet, was born at Kinsale, in Ireland, and had long been the wonder of the age. A gentleman who had the curiosity to attend, with many others, to see the stupendous coffin, prepared for this remarkable personage, by Mr. Panting, undertaker, of Bristol, informs, that its length was nine feet five inches; and that five men got into it with ease, and had the lid placed upon it. The brass-plate contained the following inscription:—“Patrick Cotter O'Brien, of Kinsale, Ireland, whose stature was eight feet one inch—died September 8, 1806, aged 46 years. London Paper.
LITERARY.
“Diversions of Purley”—This work forms a new era in philosophy. It is the production of the celebrated John Horne Tooke, and is stamped with all the marks of his strong and active mind. He points out, in the course of it, and corrects the errors of men, whose eruditions had sanctioned those errors, and whose character for dry research had made them in some measure the arbiters of language. He traces those errors to their source, and by arguments simple but irresistible, he extorts the most perfect and implicit assent to his own doctrines. It is a work, which should be read and studied by every one, who aspires to a pure and perspicuous style, and who wishes to be thoroughly acquainted with the meaning and nature of those hitherto puzzling but necessary parts of our language which grammarians have been content to name without explaining.
The first American edition of this work will be comprised in two volumes, large octavo, the first of these has just been published, the second will be ready for delivery within a month.
Subscriptions will be received until the second volume shall be ready for publication, and no longer—at two dollars and fifty cents each volume, in boards; payable on delivery.
Book sellers may obtain any number of the work, bound or in sheets, on the usual terms, on application to the publisher, Wm. Duane, 103 Market street, Philadelphia.
Death!! (COMMUNICATED.)
At his seat in Bedford County, on Saturday the 29th November, died Col. CHARLES GWATKIN, in the 65th year of his age.—He left a wife and large family to deplore their loss. In him the needy and distressed have lost a sincere friend; for it may be truly said, that those who asked aid of him he turned not unassisted away. His last illness, tho' lingering, was at times excruciating, which he bore with the most exemplary patience, and manly fortitude, and he was entirely resigned to his approaching dissolution. His nobility and integrity in his intercourse with the world—the most consummate manners, and universal respect and love of his acquaintances and friends could procure an exemption from the grave, Col. CHARLES GWATKIN had not died. But His labor's o'er, his toil is past— He's gone to where the weary rest!
NOTICE.
THOSE who gave their bonds to the subscriber (as administrator of Philip Barton, dec'd.) are requested to meet at Mr. Charles Hoyle's Tavern in Lynchburg on the 25th instant, in order to settle and take them in. NELSON C. DAWSON. December 8th—1806. 3w
To satisfy a decree of the Federal District Court, Hogson & Tate vs. the estate of Edward Carter, dec'd. also a judgement of Backhouse vs. the same, and two decrees of the Court of Chancery, Francis Brooke and Polly his wife, and Ann Williams Carter, vs. the same—I shall offer for sale at Milton in Albermarle on the 28th day of January 1807. One hundred and fifty
NEGROES;
among those Negroes there are ten carpenters and a blacksmith, the residue consists of likely fellows with their families.—A certain proportion of the above Negroes, will be offered for cash, and a part of them on a reasonable credit—those Negroes will be sold subject to the life Estate of Mrs. Sally Carter. CHARLES CARTER, Ex'r. December 10th—1806. P. S. Mrs. Carter's agent will attend at the time and place aforesaid for the purpose of hiring out the said Slaves for the ensuing year. C. C.
VIRGINIA, to wit. At a Court held for Franklin County, November 3d, 1806. Samuel Irvine, Compt. AGAINST George Rives, Burwell, Rives, and William A. Burwell, Defs. IN Chancery.
THE defendant George Rives not having entered his appearance and given security according to the act of Assembly and the rules of this Court, and it appearing to the satisfaction of the court, that he is not an inhabitant of this Commonwealth, on the motion of the complainant by his counsel, it is ordered that the said defendant do appear here on the first Monday in March next, and answer the complainant's bill; and that a copy of this order be forthwith inserted in some newspaper published in this state for eight weeks, successively, and posted up at the front door of the Court-house of this county. A Copy—Teste, CALES TATE, D. C. FOR JAMES CALLAWAY, C. F. C. 8w.
THE Planter's and Farmer's ALMANACK For the year 1807,
Is now published and for sale, by Retail or otherwise, at the Star-Office.
FOR SALE at the Star-Office Sketches of the
History of France FROM THE EARLIEST HISTORICAL ACCOUNTS To the present time....1806 With some remarks concerning the Life and Achievements of the celebrated NAPOLEON BO-NAPARTE, now Emperor of France. (By an American.)
Twenty Dollars Reward.
RANAWAY from the subscriber in Fincastle, Botetourt county, on Thursday night last, two negroes—a Negro man named Joseph Jones, of rather light complexion, about six feet high, strait and slender made, the bridge of his nose rather high, speech rather difficult and slow, frequently ties his hair not exceeding three or four inches in length, remarkable marks or characters on one of his arms. The clothes it is expected he carried away with him, are a blue short coat, one pair of blue-pantaloons, two pair of corded ditto, three waistcoats, a fowndown, James and Home-spun—one pair of ribbed socks, blue and white, one pair of boots and shoes, with a small pistol—remarkably fond of playing on the violin. Doctor Charles Lewis brought him from Philadelphia last winter and sold him in July last. Jane a mulatto woman, about twenty years of age, five feet high, bushy hair, with a dark penetrating eye, lately purchased out of the estate of Gen. John Bawyer, dec'd. of Rockbridge county.—Had on and took with her a brown linsey habit, a striped cotton ditto, and an old yellow grounded calico gown. Any person taking up said negroes or securing them in jail so that we get them again, shall receive the above reward. If brought home all reasonable expenses will be paid. BENNETT W. MOSELEY. JAMES LOCKART. Nov. 28, 1806. 4w.
NEGROES & LAND For Sale,
ON the first day of January next, will be exposed to sale Eighteen or Twenty likely Virginia born Slaves, consisting of Men, Women and Children—And Ten or Twelve valuable Slaves hired for the next year—At the same time will be sold several Horses, an almost new set of Blacksmith's tools and sundry articles of Household Furniture—Also one tract of Land in the county of Bedford, on Big Otter river, now in the occupancy of Mrs. Vannetton, containing three hundred and twenty acres.—Also a House and Lot in the town of New-London, in the tenancy of John Teaze. The sale will take place at my Smith's shop near my dwelling house—The terms of sale will be. for some of the Negroes, one third Cash, one third at six months, and one third at twelve months—The Land and New-London Tenement must be paid for in three equal annual installments—And for the balance of the Negroes sold and hired, and the other Articles, a credit of twelve months will be given—and the servants returned well clothed at the end of the year.—And in all cases of credit, bond and approved security will be required. CHRISTOPHER CLARK. ANDREW D. GILL. Nov. 24th, 1806.

For Sale,
ON Monday the 22d day of December next, on the premises, on Stanton river in the county of Campbell, all the perishable estate of Capt. William Anderson, dec'd, consisting of Household and Kitchen FURNITURE, HORSES, CATTLE, HOGS, SHEEP, CORN, RYE, OATS, &c. Also Plantation Utensils of every kind—The terms of sale will be for all sums under ten dollars Cash —for those above that amount twelve months credit will be given—Bonds with approved security, to carry interest from the date if not punctually paid, will be required.
ABNER EARLY } Adms. THO: LEFTWICH. } Nov. 19th, 1806. tdf.
NOTICE.
BY virtue of a decree of the Superior Court of Chancery holden at Richmond, the subscribers will expose to sale on the premises, to the highest bidder, for cash, on the 30th day of December next, a tract of LAND, lying in the county of Pittsylvania, on Banister river, estimated to contain 1717 acres more or less, whereon the widow of John Markham deceased and others now reside, or so much thereof as will be sufficient to raise the sum of £871-3-3 with interest from the 10th day of June, 1806 on £405-13-6, part thereof until payment,—interest on £400 also part thereof during the same period, and the expenses of the sale.
Isaac Coles, } James Terry, } Comrs. Allen Womack, } Will. Tunstall, } Nov. 22, 1806. 4w.
Lunenburg county, Nov. 10.
THE subscriber thinks proper to give notice, he has resumed the practice of the Law, and purposes regular attendance in the Court of Appeals, the Federal Court, and the High Court of Chancery holden in the city of Richmond, (to which place he is now preparing to remove his residence.) Due attention will be paid to such business as may be committed to his care.
WILLIAM COWAN: 8w.
Campbell County, Nov. 24, 1806. MR. JOSEPH M'GLASSON.
Sir...You will please to take notice that as I have understood that you have moved out of this State, I have taken this way to give you or your attorney notice that on Saturday the 20th day of December, between ten o'clock A. M. and ten o'clock of that day, at my Dwelling House in this county, I shall proceed to take the Depositions of William Williams & William Crumpator, to be read as evidence in a suit now depending in the County Court of Campbell, wherein you are Plaintiff and I am Defendant, when and where you or your Attorney may attend if you please.
I am, Sir, Your humble servant, ROBERT SCOTT. 3w.
Black Smith
FROM the pressure of employments in the HORSE SHOEING line, and from the encouragement of my friends and the public in general in the BLACKSMITH'S BUSINESS I would
ADVERTISEMENT.
WILL be sold at Jacob & John Peck's store, on New River, the first day of January next, four tracts of LAND adjoining, containing 318 acres more or less, the property of Frederick Helvey, lying in Giles county, on the waters of Sickling creek.—This land was conveyed to me in trust, to secure the payment of certain sums of money as by said deed more fully appears.
CHRISTIAN SNIDOW. Nov. 12, 1806. 3wp.
HYMNS.
Just published and for sale at the Star-Office, (Price, Twenty-Five Cents.)
A choice selection of Hymns
This first part, contains the newest and so much admired Spiritual Songs, practised with such beneficial effects, during the late Camp, and other Meetings, in the counties of Amherst, and Bedford, and in the vicinity of Lynchburg.
GAMUTS
ALSO for sale at this Office.
For Sale,
ONE of the most valuable tracts of LAND, containing 810 acres, lying in the county of Bedford, within eight miles of Lynchburg: It is uncommonly level, and contains a good proportion of Tobacco and Meadow land—The plantation is in good order, and the improvements calculated to accommodate a genteel family.
SETH WARD. Lynchburg, Nov. 6th, 1806. tf.
TAVERN.
THE subscriber takes the liberty of informing his friends and the public, that he has opened the Tavern formerly occupied by Mr. John Thompson, in New-London, in the East end of the town, near the Court house and opposite Dr. Jennings's.
It is not unusual on these occasions to set forth pompous advertisements, filled with specious promises, few, and sometimes none are complied with; on the contrary, he will only say that he will do every thing in his power to render his House and Stable comfortable.
THOMAS LAWTON. New London, Nov. 4. tf.
For Sale,
ONE NEGRO WOMAN and her two CHILDREN. For particulars enquire at the Star Office.
NOTICE.
ALL claimants against the estate of Peter Carter, dec'd are hereby desired to forward their accounts to Josiah Ellis, sen. for payment, as we about to close our administration. This will be the last notice.
Josiah Ellis, } Exrs. Wm. S. Crawford, } Amherst, December 1, 1806. oow.
LAND FOR SALE.
500 Acres in Kentucky, On Huston's fork of Licking, in Bourbon county, lying, from Lexington eleven, from Paris nine, and from Winchester ten miles, all flourishing towns, and each at a Court House; the whole of this Land is of the first quality, and has about Fifty or Sixty Acres Cleared, with considerable improvements, ORCHARDS, &c. Also a fine CAVE, which will answer every purpose of a Dry Well, for saving fresh Meats, &c. in summer; situated quite convenient to a beautiful eminence for to build on; and the Title undisputed—At the reduced price of SIX DOLLARS per Acre, in Cash, if paid by Janu 17 1807.
1200 Acres on both sides Of the Rolling fork of Salt River, in Washington County, One Third Low Ground, the remainder Second and Third rate high Land, with Three PLANTATIONS on it, and some good improvements; is excellent for Stock of all kinds, being contiguous to the knobs, which afford an extensive and a lasting range; and it includes that part of the Jump Lick on which good SALT has been made, and which serves for Stock instead of giving them Salt, and will be sold very low for Cash as above.
400 Acres on Grealy Creek, in Montgomery County, Virginia; a considerable part of which is good Flat Land, affording plenty of fine MEADOW GROUND, a good MILL SEAT, and an excellent Range for Stock of all kinds—Very low for Cash, as above.
138 Acres in Patrick County, on Widgeon Creek, leased by M'Bride and improved by him, where he has lived many years.—Price not exceeding THREE DOLLARS.
300 Acres in Bedford County, adjoining Randolph's old Order line on Stanton River, near Mr. Mark Anthony's—At TWENTY SHILLINGS per Acre.
1400 Acres in Campbell County, on Outer River, and on both sides of Flat Creek, including the S. at whereon the subscriber now lives, (which is a beautiful one, situated in the fork, and commanding a delightful prospect of both streams, and of one hundred acres of Low Grounds, there being upwards of two on the tract.) There are several PLANTATIONS on this Tract, sufficient to work Twenty Hands to advantage; Dwelling Houses, Orchards of Apple, Peach, &c. A MILL SEAT viewed by order of Court, and free privilege of building; in a good neighbourhood, and plenty of water for merchant's work, &c. &c. and this land affords plenty of fine Meadow Ground and Lime Stone—is distant from Lynchburg eighteen, from New-London eight, and from Campbell Court-house ten miles, and is generally acknowledged, on account of soil, situation and convenience, to be equal to any in this part of the country; and will here dividing into Four good Seats, with a good Plantation on each; on each is proper land for ORCHARDS, of the right height to avoid killing Profs; and on which is an ORCHARD of Apple and Peach Trees that has not failed of Fruit for upwards of thirty years last past—This Tract altogether may be bought at TWELVE DOLLARS per Acre, to be paid in Four equal half yearly payments, commencing on the first day of January, 1807, &c. at which time possession will be given, and a sufficient Title will be made, on giving Bonds with satisfactory Security, bearing interest from the date if not punctually paid.
502 Acres, (part of the Above) called Asher's old Tract, a large PLANTATION, Dwelling House Overseer's House, some Fruit Trees, and the soil is well known to be equal to any in this part of the country for Tobacco, Cotton, and all sorts of
Grain; is well watered, some good Meadow ground, and a plenty of Lime-Stone on it—At SEVEN DOLLARS per Acre, payable on the first of January 1807.
About 20,000 Acres lying In Franklin, Patrick and Botetourt Counties, including several Surveys; one of which (being large) may be divided into Large or Small tracts, so as to accommodate the purchasers—The price will be from ONE SHILLING to FOUR DOLLARS per Acre, according to the Quality and Quantity asked.
Cash, Tobacco at the market price or principal Merchant's Acceptance either at Lynchburg, Richmond, or Manchester, will be received in payment for the above.
JOHN CALLAWAY.
October 27th, 1806. tf.
A LIST of one Hhd of Tobacco inspected at Lynch's warehouse the 21st day of November 1806, marked on the bulge P. B. J. W. No. 23, 1109, 125, 984, nett, picked—If any ware house and other expenses on said Hhd of Tobacco are not paid, it will be sold according to law.
Davis & Moorman.
December 1, 1806. 3wp.
NOTICE.
THE Subscriber respectfully informs the citizens of Lynchburg and its vicinity, that he has just commenced the BAKING BUSINESS in the above place, and propoises to turn with all those who may choose to patronize him, with 100lbs of Bread to a barrel of flour.
He will bake pilot bread, ship-bread, crackers, butter-biscuit, rusk, pincakes, &c. &c.
JAMES ALBERT.
Lynchburg, 27th Nov. 1806. tf.
COMMITTED to the Jail of Henry County the 21st Sept. last a small negro man, about 3 years old, African born. He has a number of scars on his body—speaks no English that can be understood. The owner is desired to prove his property, pay charges, and take him away.
The Sheriff of Henry.
Nov. 21, 1806. 3w.
BY virtue of a deed of Trust executed to the subscriber by William North of the county of Buckingham, to secure the payment of a debt due to Brown Rives & Co, will be sold to the highest bidder for ready money, in the town of Bent Creek, on the 23rd day of December next, the following property, viz. One Negro Woman and her two children, two Mares, and ten head of Cattle, or so much thereof as will be sufficient to discharge the debt therein mentioned and all other charges attending such sale.
JOHN HORSLEY. Trustee
Nov. 20th, 1806. tdf.