Lynchburg star (Lynchburg [Va.]), 1806-08-21 00:00:00

LYNCHBURG STAR.
Virginia,
PUBLISHED BY JAMES GRAHAM.....AT THREE DOLLARS PER ANNUM.....(Payable in advance.)
No. XLIII.]
THURSDAY, AUGUST 21.....1806.
[Vol. I.
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TERMS.
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Foreign News.
LONDON, June 12.
TRIAL OF LORD MELVILLE.
Agreeably to notice sent from the Lords to the Commons on Tuesday, that their Lordships would proceed further in the trial of Lord Viscount Melville this day, that the hon. House attended by their Speaker, were in the High Court of Parliament, Westminster-Hall, this morning exactly at ten o'clock. In consequence, however, of a discussion which previously took place in the House of Peers, it was not till half after eleven o'clock that the proceedings of their Lordships took place; and it was twelve before the customary formalities of opening the court had been gone through.
The ten articles of impeachment were then read, and the question of guilty or not guilty? was put severally and respectively upon each of them to each Peer, beginning with the junior Baron, each Peer laying his right hand upon his left breast, and saying to each article "guilty" or "not guilty" upon my honor.
The following are the divisions on the different articles:—
On the 1st article charging him with applying 10,000l of the public money to his own use previous to January 1786:
Not guilty 120—guilty 15.
On the 2nd article charging him with permitting Alexander Trotter to apply sums of the public money to his own use, and conniving at such fraudulent application:
Not guilty 79—guilty 57.
On the 3rd article charging him with permitting Alexander Trotter to draw public money from the Bank, and place it in the hands of his Bankers, Messrs. Coutts & Co. in his own name and at his own disposal:
Not guilty 84—guilty 58.
On the 4th article, charging him with similar connivance, in respect of public money placed by said Trotter in the hands of Mark Spott, for the purpose of private emolument:
Not guilty unanimously.
On the 5th article charging him the same as in the first article, only laying the act subsequent to January 1805.
Not guilty 131—guilty 4.
On the 6th article charging him with receiving public money from Alexander Trotter, and applying it to his own use, and participating with said Trotter in the profit made on the public money:
Not guilty 86—guilty 47.
On the 7th article charging him with receiving 22,000l of the public money, without interest, from Alexander Trotter:
Not guilty 82—guilty 51.
On the 8th article charging him with receiving from Alexander Trotter 22,000l of the public money, for which the defendant was to pay interest:
Not guilty 100—guilty 30.
On the 9th article, charging that while said Alexander Trotter transacted the business of the defendant as his agent, he, the said Trotter, was from time to time in advance, to the said Viscount Melville, in that respect, to the amount of from 10,000l to 20,000l which sums were partly taken from the public money, and partly from a mixed fund of public and private money:
Not guilty 119—guilty 16.
On the 10th and last article charging him with taking a divers times, between 1787, and 1784, and between 1784, and 1786, 27,000l of the public money and converting the same to his private use.
Not guilty 123—guilty 12.
The Lord Chancellor then informed the noble defendant, that he was ACQUITTED ON ALL THE CHARGES, and the court broke up.
The funds yesterday experienced an additional rise, and there were some considerable purchases. The speculation is similar to that we mentioned yesterday.—A negotiation is expected to take place in conjunction with Russia. The letters and papers from the continent encourage this expectation; but we cannot view it as founded upon any authentic information.
HAGUE, June 10.
The following is a copy of the Proclamation which was read this day to the military, and announced to the people.
"Louis Napoleon, by the Grace of God and the constitutional laws of the state, king of Holland, to all who shall see and read this greeting! Make known to all and every one, that we, with the approbation of his majesty the emperor and king Napoleon, our illustrious brother, have accepted and do accept the Royal dignity of Holland, in conformity to the wish of the country; with the constitutional laws, presented us to-day, and the reciprocal ratifications by the deputies of the Dutch nation. On our accession to the throne it shall be our most sacred care to be alive to the interests of our people—it shall be our constant wish to give them incessant and manifold instances of our love and of our solicitude; to that end maintaining the liberties of all our subjects, and their rights, and continually employing ourselves to their welfare—The independence of the kingdom is guaranteed by his majesty the emperor and king—the constitutional laws, with our firm will, serve no less for every one as a pledge to the creditors of the state, to personal security; and to liberty of conscience. Conformably to this declaration, we have decreed and do decree as follows:
I. Our ministers of the Marine and Finances, appointed this day, shall immediately enter upon their functions—the other ministers shall continue in the discharge of their functions till further orders.
II. All the constituted authorities, civil and military, shall continue in their functions till further orders, or till other appointments shall take place.
III. The constitutional laws of the state, with the treaty concluded at Paris on the 24th of May, 1806, between his majesty the emperor and king and the Batavian Republic, with the present decree, shall immediately be announced in the most public manner.
We accordingly charge and command, that the present be proclaimed and posted up every where in all public places, charging those to whom it belongs to take care that the contents of the same be strictly observed.
Given at Paris, June 5, 1806, being the first year of our reign.
LOUIS.
VERMEUL.
In consequence of this proclamation, a discharge of the artillery in the Camp took place, and the flags were hoisted on the tower of the great church and on the observatory of the hotel, in the inner court.
THE CONSTITUTIONAL LAW.
GENERAL DISPOSITIONS.
Article 1. The constitutional laws actually in force, especially the constitution of 1805, as the civil, political, and religious laws, the exercise of which is conformable to the regulation of the treaty concluded on the 24th of May of the present year, shall be preserved inviolate, with the exception of those only which shall be abolished by the present constitutional laws.
2d. The administration of the Dutch Colonies is regulated by particular laws, and the expenses of the colonies shall be estimated as a part of the revenues of the state.
3. The public debt, is guaranteed by the present laws.
4. The Dutch language shall continue to be employed exclusively in the laws, the publication, ordinances, judgement and all the public acts, without distinction.
5. There shall be no changes made in the name of the present current coin unless it shall be authorized by a particular law.
6. The ancient colors of the state shall be preserved.
7. The council of state shall be composed of thirteen members. The ministers shall hold their rank, their sitting and their votes of deliberation and the said council.
OF RELIGION.
1. The King and the Law grant equal protection to all religions which are professed in the state. By their authority every thing necessary for the organization, the protection, and the exercise of every kind of worship is to be determined. The exercise of every kind of religion is to be continued to the interior of the churches belonging to the different communions.
2. The King shall enjoy the public exercise of his religion in his palace, and in every other place where he shall reside.
OF THE KING.
1. The King shall exclusively and without restriction, possess the complete exercise of the government, and all the power necessary to secure the execution of the laws, and to cause them to be respected. He has the nomination to all the Charges and Offices, civil and military, which according to anterior laws, were vested in the Grand Pensionary. He likewise enjoys the preeminence and the prerogatives hitherto attached to that dignity. The coin of the state shall bear his image. Justice shall be administered in his name. He has the right of granting pardon, abolishing or mitigating of the pains produced by judiciary awards; nevertheless, he shall not be authorized to exercise this right, but after having heard the members of the National Court in his Privy council.
2. Upon the death of the King, the office of guardian to the minor king shall be vested in the queen dowager, and in case of her death, in that person who shall be nominated for the purpose by the Emperor of the French.
3. The regent shall be assisted by a council of natives, the qualifications and privileges of whom shall be determined by a particular law. The regent shall not be personally responsible for the acts of his government.
The government of the colonies, and every thing relative to their internal regulation, belong exclusively to the King.
The general administration of the kingdom is confided to the immediate direction of four ministers of state nominated by the King, viz. The minister of foreign affairs, the minister of war and marine, a minister of finances and a minister of the interior.
OF THE LAW.
I. The law is established in Holland by the concurrence of the legislative
body, formed by the assembly of their high mightinesses, and by the king.
The legislative body is composed of 38 members, elected for five years, and nominated as follows: for the department of Holland, 17 members; Guelderland, four; Brabant, four; Friesland, four; Overijssel, three; Zealand, two; Utrecht, two; Drenthe, one. But the number of their High Mightinesses may be augmented by a law, in case of aggrandizement of territory.
2. To complete the number of members authorized by the foregoing article, their high mightinesses shall present to his majesty, a list of two candidates in each of the vacant places. The king shall make the election out of the candidates proposed.
3. The present Grand Pensionary shall take the title of President of their high mightinesses, and exercise his function in this quality during life. The choice of his successor shall take place in the manner determined by the constitution of 1805.
4. The legislative body shall choose a recorder out of its own body, by a plurality of votes.
5. The legislative body shall assemble in ordinary twice in the year, viz. From the 15th of April to the 1st of June, from the 18th of November to the 15th of January. On the 15th of November a fifth of the oldest members shall go out from the body. The first members shall go out on the 15th November, 1807. Such members, notwithstanding, may be re-elected.
OF JUDICIARY POWERS.
1. The judiciary institutions shall be preserved in the mode they have been established by the constitution of 1805.
2. Relative to the judiciary power, the King shall exercise all the rights and all the authority vested in the Grand Pensionary by virtue of the constitution of 1805.
3. Every thing that relates to the exercise of military criminal justice shall be separately regulated by an anterior law.
Presentation of the Ambassadors Extraordinary from the State of Holland.
Arrived at the hall of the throne, they went through the usual ceremonies, after which, Vice-Admiral Vermeul, President of the Deputation, delivered the following address:—
"SIR, "The representatives of the people distinguished by their patience in times of difficulty, and, we dare to say, celebrated for the solidity of their judgement, and their fidelity in fulfilling the engagements they have contracted, have confided to us the honorable mission of presenting ourselves before the throne of your majesty. This people have suffered a long time under its own agitations and those of Europe. Witnesses of the catastrophes that have overthrown some states; victims of the disorders by which the whole have been shaken; they have been made sensible, that the force of interests and connexions, by which the great powers are at present united or divided, has rendered it indispensably necessary for them to place themselves under the first political safe-guard of Europe. They have felt, that even their weaknesses has prescribed the necessity of reducing their own institutions into harmony with those of that state whose protection alone can guarantee them against the danger of servitude or ruin.
"These Representatives have naturally and solemnly deliberated upon the circumstances of the present times, and the dreadful probabilities of the future; they have seen, even in the term of the calamities with which Europe has been so long afflicted, both the causes of their own evils, and the remedy to which it is necessary they should have recourse.
"Sire! We are charged to express to your majesty the wishes of the representatives of our people. We pray that you will grant us as the Supreme Chief of our Republic, Prince Louis Napoleon, your Majesty's brother, to whom we deliver, in full and respectful confidence, the guarantees of our laws, the defence of our political rights, and all the interests of our dear country. Under the sacred auspices of Providence—under the glorious protection of your Majesty—and, in fine, under the power of the paternal
government which we require of him, Sire, we dare to hope, that Holland, assured in future of the unchangeable affection of the greatest of Monarchs, and firmly allied even by its destiny to that of your immense and immortal Empire, will see the renewal of its ancient glory and prosperity, and repossess it as long been deprived of. Its losses then will no longer be considered as irreparable, and will only leave behind them a future remembrance."
His majesty answered in the following terms
"Gentlemen, Representatives of the Batavian People.
"I have always looked upon the protection of your country as the first interest of my crown. Every time I have been called upon to interfere in your internal affairs I have been struck from the first, with the inconvenience attached to the uncertain form of your government. Governed by a popular assembly, it has been, under the influence of intrigues, and agitated by neighbouring governments.
"Governed by an Elective Magistracy, every time this Magistracy was renewed, produced a crisis of alarm to the rest of Europe, and the signal of new maritime wars. None of these inconveniences can be guarded against otherwise than by an hereditary government. This I recommend to your country by my councils. When the last constitution was established, and the offer that you have made of the Crown of Holland to Prince Louis, is consistent with your true interests, and with my own; and it is adapted to secure the general tranquillity of Europe. France has been sufficiently generous, in renouncing all the rights which the events of war had given her over Holland; but I cannot intrust the strong places which overlook the northern frontier, to the keeping of an unfaithful, or even to a doubtful hand.
"Gentlemen, I agree to the request of their High Mightinesses, I proclaim Prince Louis King of Holland. You, Prince reign over this people. Their forefathers only acquired their independence by the constant alliance of France. Holland, afterwards became allied to England; she has been conquered; still she owes her existence to France. Let them own to you, their King, the protection of their laws and their religion, but never cease to be a Frenchman. You and your heirs will possess the dignity of Constable of the Empire; you will recollect the duties you have to fulfil towards me, and the importance that I have attached to the safe keeping of the strong places upon my northern frontier, and which I confide to you. Prince! maintain among your troops that spirit which I have observed among them in the field of battle. Cherish the sentiments of union and love for France among your new subjects,—Be a terror to the wicked, and a father to the good; this is the character of great Kings."
His Highness Prince Louis then advancing to the foot of the throne, said,
"SIRE—I had placed all my ambition in sacrificing my life in your service. I made my happiness consist in a close inspection into all those qualities that equally dear to myself and others, have so often exposed the power & effects of your goodness. Permit me then to express my regret in separating from you; but my life and my wishes belong to you. I go to reign in Holland where it is your majesty's order."
"Sire, when your majesty quitted France to go and conquer Europe, which had conspired against you, you intrusted to me the defence of Holland against the invasion that threatened it. On this occasion I appreciated the character of the people and the qualities which distinguish them.
"Yes, Sire, I shall be proud of reigning over them; but however glorious the career may be that presents itself, the assurance of your majesty's constant protection, the love and patriotism of my new subjects will form the hopes of healing those occasions that by so many wars, an events that have accumulated a course of a few years.
"Sire! when your majesty shall put the last seal to your glory, in giving peace to the world, the places which you shall then entrust to my care, to that of my children, to the Dutch troops that have fought at Anterlitz under your inspection, shall be well

granted. United by interest, my people shall at the same be attached, by the sentiments of love and gratitude to their King, to your Majesty, and to France."
The Dutch representatives had an audience of the Empress, and were afterwards conducted to their hotel in the same manner in which they left it.
MESSAGE FROM HIS MAJESTY THE EMPEROR AND KING.
"We have commanded our cousin, the Arch-Chancellor of the empire, to acquaint you, that in compliance with the wishes of their High Mightinesses, we have proclaimed Prince Louis Napoleon, our well beloved brother, King of Holland; the throne to be descendible to his heirs, male and legitimate, in order of primogeniture. It is our intention also, that the King of Holland and his posterity, preserve the title of Constable of the empire. This determination of our's has appeared conformable to the interest of our people. As Holland, in a military point of view, included all the strong places which guarded our northern frontier, it was necessary, for the security of our states that the custody of it should be entrusted to persons respected, of whose attachment we could entertain no doubt. In a commercial point of view, Holland, being situate at the mouths of many great rivers which flow through a considerable part of our territory, it was necessary that we should have security that the treaty of commerce which we shall conclude with her shall be faithfully executed, in order that we may adjust our manufacturing and commercial interests with the commerce of that people."
"Holland, besides, is one of the first political concerns of France. An elective Magistracy would have produced an inconvenience, that it would have oftener exposed the country to the intrigues of our enemies, and that every fresh election would have been the signal for a new war."
"Prince Louis, who has no personal ambition, has given us a proof of his affection for us, and of the love he bears the people of Holland, by accepting the offer of a throne which imposes upon him such great obligations."
"The Arch Chancellor of the German empire, Elector of Ratisbon, and Primate of Germany, having signified to us, that it was his intention to appoint a Coadjutor, and that with the concurrence of the Minister and principal members of his Chapter, having conceived that it would be for the advantage of religion and the German empire, that he should appoint to that situation our uncle and cousin Cardinal Fesch, our grand Almoner, and Archbishop of Lyons, we have accepted the said nomination in the name of the said Cardinal. If this determination of the Elector Arch Chancellor of the empire, be useful to Germany, it is no less conformable to the political interest of France."
"Thus does the service of the country call far away from us, our brothers and our children; but the happiness and prosperity of our subjects are also among the objects of our dearest affection."
"At our Palace at St. Cloud, 5th June 1806."
"NAPOLEON." (Counterigned) "MARET."
On the 28th of June, General Miranda issued the following proclamation:
"FRIENDS AND COUNTRYMEN,"
"The glorious opportunity now presents itself of relieving from oppression and arbitrary government, a people who are worthy of a better fate, who ought to enjoy the blessings of the best country in the universe which unmerciful Providence has given them, but who are shackled by a despotism, too strong for human nature longer to endure. Groaning under their present affliction, they hail with extended arms the Noble Cause of Freedom and Independence, and call upon you to share with them the good like action of relieving your distressed fellow creatures. Hasten then to join the standard of one who has the happiness to call himself your countryman, and is determined to rescue his country and to shed the last drop of his blood in promoting its happiness; an object of which he has never lost sight, for a moment of his life."
"There will be made a liberal distribution of land at the expiration of a twelve months, according to rank; and privates, from the instant of enlistment, will be entitled to Provisions, with a quarter dollar per month not subject to any deductions. If you brave Volunteers of the who have nobly come forward to take with us our honors, and to share with us our prosperity, hasten to follow these officers under whose care you have already been trained, and who are impatient to lead you to Victory and Wealth."
"The Gulp that Columbus first discovered and honored with his presence will now witness the illustrious actions of your gallant efforts."
ST. JOHNS, (Antigua,) July 1.... General Miranda has again failed for the Spanish Main, after having increased his strength at Barbadoes, and received considerable assistance from the British government.... We are happy to learn that he is not without hopes of co-operation from some of the inhabitants of the eastern part of Caraccas, where his partizans under the command of one Ferdinand Mendez Pinto, were some time since collecting in great numbers, in order to support him immediately upon his appearing off the coast.
LYNCHBURG.
THURSDAY AUGUST 21, 1806.
Subscribers to the Star who live in the counties of Franklin, Patrick, and Henry, are respectfully informed that Robert Morris, Esq. Attorney at Law, who practices in the Courts of those Counties, will receive subscriptions, and subscription-money, and grant receipts for the same. The want of opportunity can no longer be an excuse for non-payment, as Mr. Morris's attendance will be regular.
To punctilious subscribers who have complied with the original Star-terms, we tender our best thanks: their aid has been essential—they have our gratitude. To such as intend to pay, we invite the performance with all possible dispatch. To such as are stochastically modest, we beg leave to hint that they shall scarcely be able to elude our grasp. Would it not then be better to affect promptitude and punctuality, and make a merit of necessity?
For payment for certain jobs and advertisements, we have been occasionally exajolled-pro tem :—bamboozled a little,—but we most solemnly protest against being the victim, either of address, management, or dupery. We proclaim that, by warrant or otherwise, in proportion to the magnitude of the claim, and the fineness of opportunity, payment shall be enforced .—This to be sure, may it please your Worships, is off-handed, point blank work, but it is as indispensable as it is just: and that no man may have pretext for complaint, timely notice is given.
The obituary article received last week through the medium of the postoffice from Danville, has been already noticed in the Star, of the 24th ult.—The Editor has an unconquerable aversion to paying postage, on matters, that do not concern him.
We again invite the attention of our readers to another extract from the "Witness."—In the zenith of Roman splendor virtue and greatness, an injury done to the meanest Roman citizen, was considered an insult—a wound inflicted on the whole Republic, and felt and resented accordingly.—The vengeance of party spirit wreaked on Mr. Osborn, editor of the Witness, (Litchfield, Connecticut) has at length roused public notice, and awakened public sensibility. The sufferings of this persecuted independent republican, will not be fruitless. However grievous may be his privations, and merciless his treatment, so that he fall not the victim of vengeance and intolerance, he will at length, the more completely triumph, confound, and put to shame his base oppressors.
Mr. Wilberforce, of the British House of Commons, with renewed efforts, is attempting to induce that country to join with Europe and America in a resolution to abolish the slave trade.
A convention concluded between the U.S. and the Creek Nation of Indians, is announced by the President's Proclamation under date and June, 1806.
The non-importation law has produced considerable alarm in Britain, and should it not effect an adjustment of our differences, it must certainly have a tendency to bring our affairs to an immediate crisis.
The Highland Society of Scotland are taking effectual measures to revive the ancient Gaelic Language, Gallic literature, and music, and steps are taking for preparing as publishing a Dictionary of that language. Subscriptions are to be opened for the purpose, and the aid of the learned both at home and abroad is to be solicited. On motion of Sir John Sinclair, the officers were ordered to subscribe one hundred guineas in the name of the Society.
A public and splendid dinner was given to Captain Stephen Decatur on his arrival at Newport, Rhode Island lately, as a testimony of the distinguished gallantry of that naval hero, in the Tripolitan war.—Does this favor of Republican ingratitude?
At Kingston (Jamaica) on the 6th of May, Baltimore superfine flour sold at twenty-nine dollars and fifty cents the barrel, at public auction.
Trenton (N. Jersey) is slated on the 4th August to have been then more sickly than at any time during the last twenty years.
Death!!
ON the night of the 13th instant, after a short, but excruciating illness, departed this life, in the 28th year of his age, JOSIAH LEAKE, Esq. Attorney at Law, and Post-Master of Lynchburg, universally and deservedly lamented; and on the day after, his remains were deposited in the New Burying Ground, attended by the Master and Wardens of the Lynchburg Lodge, as mourners, and all other Masons in Town, in procession, wearing crape for eleven days, (by unanimous resolution) conformably with ancient usage , and as a token of the highest respect entertained for the memory of a departed brother.
Of this gentleman's standing in life, there were but few men, who possessed a larger portion of public esteem, or private friendship. He was in the highest degree liberal, frank, honorable, and candid—sincere and manly in his attachments—moderate and benevolent where he differed from, or disapproved the conduct of his fellow men.
Not yet eighteen months embarked in the practice of the law, which he prosecuted with zeal and rigid principles, he gave his friends ample reason to form the most flattering prospects of his future eminence and usefulness in his profession. His reputation was advancing rapidly to fame, and his brethren of the Bar, who occupy the heights of the profession, viewed him with delight and with pride.—To the most respectable characters in our country was he especially endeared by his virtues, and can there be stronger evidence of his merit!
A natural freedom and elevation of mind, impressed Mr. Leake peculiarly with the warmest zeal for liberty and for republicanism. He was ardent and successful in the pursuit of useful knowledge—possessed of an inquisitive and penetrating mind, he was fast laying the foundation on which to raise an honorable and useful superstructure.—His morals like his heart, were pure and elevated:—His life was exemplary, for he was a Readfast believer in the Christian system of Religion.
In the glow of hope, and prime of life thus prematurely arrested by the hand of death, his fate demonstrates how frail, and fleeting, are all tubulinary prospects and enjoyments!
To the circle of his friends and acquaintances his loss is particularly sensible: (to none more than to him, who pays this last human tribute to departed worth)—To these he had recommended and endeared himself highly, by the mildness of his temper, and the sensibility and humanity of his disposition, by his unassuming manners, and by his conversation, which was always liberal, always free from malice or personal satire.—His memory will be revered.
The meed of praise, where justly merited, proves an honorable and powerful incentive to laudable conduct, and virtuous actions.—The following Resolves is perfectly proper. It is no less honorable to the living than to the dead. It is the truest evidence of the liberal sense, and sensibility, of the bar of Campbell County, as it is the most becoming eulogy, that can possibly be paid to the merit, and to the worth of the deceased.
Campbell Court, Thursday August 14, 1806.
"As soon as the death of Mr. Leake was announced, the Attorneys then attending Court immediately had a meeting, and unanimously agreed to wear crape for one month on the left arm, as a testimony of the deep regret they feel for the loss of so worthy a member of the Bar, whose virtues when alive, endeared him to them as a man, and whose merit in his profession prognosticated great eminence, had he not been snatched away by the untimely hand of death!"
On the 15th July a fire is said to have broke out at New Orleans, whereby 350 Hhds Tobacco—100 bales cotton—a considerable quantity of flour, &c. principally belonging to Western Traders, were destroyed. The damage is estimated at nearly 50,000 dollars.
A Miss Jane Allen, of Massachusetts, hung herself by a skein of yarn. A gloom fixed upon her mind by observing the late Eclipse of the Sun, is supposed to have been the cause.
Some years since male fashions of jackets and neck cloths prevailed among the females, but the ladies have since determined to differ from the gentlemen as much as possible—therefore while our Beaus carry their hands in their pockets, our Belles carry their pockets in their hands.
The leech, kept in a large phial, 3 fourths filled with water (changed once a week in summer, and twice in winter) and covered with a bit of linen rag, will prognosticate the changes of the weather. In serene weather it lays rolled up in a spiral form at the bottom. When it rains before afternoon, it creeps to the top and remains till the weather is settled.—Again if wind, it keeps in rapid motion, and seldom rests till it begins to blow hard. If a remarkable storm of thunder and rain is to succeed, it lodges some days before continually without the water, and is very uneasy and convulsed. In frost, as in clear summer weather, it lies at the bottom; and snow, as in rain, it keeps at the mouth of the phial. [Lon. paper.]
FROM THE WITNESS.
At a meeting of a large number of republicans of the town of Litchfield & other towns adjacent, convened at the Inn of Captain John Phelps, in Litchfield, on the 4th day of July, 1806.
OZIAS LEWIS, appointed Chairman. MOSES SEYMOUR, jun. Clerk.
The Meeting having learnt with extreme pain and sorrow the very alarming and distressing situation of Mr. Seileck Osborn, Editor of the Witness, now closely confined within the walls of Litchfield prison, and feeling anxious to procure a full and accurate statement respecting the same—
Resolved—That John Welch, Joseph L. Smith, and Seth P. Beers, Esquires, be appointed a committee, and requested in behalf of this meeting, to repair to the prison, and learn the true situation of Mr. Osborn, the situation of the prison, the prisoners confined with him, the treatment he has received while there, and his present treatment, and report the same to the meeting.
This meeting adjourned till the 11th of this month.
July 11th. Met agreeably to adjournment.
The committee appointed to visit Litchfield prison agreeably to the request of this meeting made the following
—REPORT.—
That they have waited on Mr. Osborn, and having been admitted to the jail, find that he is confined in the same room with two criminals, both charged with capital crimes .—That in this situation the friends of Mr. Osborn are generally denied admittance to his room, and can have intercourse with only thro' a grate, in the outer wall of the prison.
Your committee further report, that said room is formed by heavy, damp and ragged stone walls; that it is nearly of a triangular form, (one corner cut off by a wide and projecting chimney) that it is fifteen feet in length, twelve in breadth, and seven in height. That the only entrance into said room, is thro' a dark and narrow passage formed in the wall of the prison, and by wooden partitions without. That this passage is secured, and the circulation of air effectually prevented, by three heavy doors which are kept locked. That the only aperture for the admission of air into said room, is formed by a horizontal crevice in the south wall of the prison, which wall is two feet in thickness, and the crevice but four inches in width, and between two and three feet in length; that another small aperture in the eastern wall, opening into the prisoners necessary, on that account must be kept closed.
Your committee further report, that the air of this dark and gloomy dungeon, is extremely impure, stagnant, and offensive; that to little light is admitted, that a person on his first entrance can with difficulty distinguish the countenances of those within—that notwithstanding a dampness may at all times be perceived, yet the air by reason of its confinement, is frequently so heated and exhausted as to produce an almost suffocating effect.
Your committee further report, that the health of Mr. Osborn, is evidently much impaired, that once since his imprisonment he has been subjected to a severe and dangerous illness of a febrile nature, and at several other times by sickness less alarming, has been confined to his bed. That the injury to his health has been caused by impure air, and the damps of his dungeon, by his close and rigorous confinement, your committee has every reason to believe; and they are seriously apprehensive, that a continuance of the same course of treatment will eventually destroy his life.
Your committee, in further pursuance of their appointment, have gone into the enquiry, whether the treatment to which Mr. Osborn is now subjected, has been the same from his first imprisonment, and
—REPORT.—
That at the time of his commitment, he was allowed to examine the several apartments in the prison, and to make choice of a room; that assurances were then given, and at the time believed to be sincere, that his situation should be rendered as comfortable as the nature of the case would admit. That accordingly the friends of Mr. Osborn had free access at all times to his room, that the doors were much of the time left open, which caused a tolerable circulation of air; that he was frequently permitted to stand in the guttule-door-way of his prison room, where he could receive fresh air; and at several times was invited, and at other times by his own request, did go into the bat room adjoining the prison.
That since the 30th day of May, the doors of his dungeon have been kept closed, and admission of his friends frequently denied.
That on the 27th day of June, at evening, Mr. Osborn being then sick, an unfortunate young man, a maniac, his hands just imbrued in the blood of a young lady, was thrust in his room! This outrage was done by the sheriff of the county—and your committee are bound to say, in an apparently contemptuous manner. For notwithstanding the peculiar and dangerous character of this new prisoner, he was thrust into the room, of a sick man, and without one word being said, the doors immediately closed and barred.
Your committee further report, that several gentlemen in the vicinity, having been informed of the alarming situation in which Mr. Osborn, by this transaction was placed, waited on the sheriff, and by their spirited remonstrances, at length induced him, though with apparent reluctance, to move the maniac to another room.
Your committee in this place think proper to state, that though the sheriff, when he put the maniac into the same room with Mr. Osborn, did not deem it necessary to make any communication to
him, on the subject, or to give him any caution to guard himself from any attempt which might be made upon him; yet when he afterwards placed in the room with two criminals, which however was not done till their consent had first been obtained, the sheriff was particular in describing to them the situation of his mind, the cause of his imprisonment, and warning them to keep from his reach, knives, forks and every other instrument with which he might do them an injury, as he considered him a dangerous roommate. Your committee mention the conduct of the sheriff in this particular to the two criminals, not to censure but to applaud every principle of duty as sheriff, of humanity and integrity as an individual, they conceive, required that he should have given the warning that he did, and that silence would have been dishonest, base and cruel. Whether a like course ought not to have been pursued with respect to Mr. Osborn—whether it was not equally improper that he should have been left in feeble health, uncautioned, and in close confinement, his life exposed to the caprice and the phrensy of a stout athletic madman, your committee leave to this meeting and the world to judge.
Your committee further report, that on the 30th day of June, the two criminals before mentioned, were taken out of the room where they had till that time been confined, and put into the same room with Mr. Osborn, where they still remain, notwithstanding remonstrances have been made to the sheriff in writing, by a committee appointed for that purpose, copies of which are herewith presented as part of this report.
Your committee further report, that the reason assigned by the sheriff for placing the said criminals in the same room with Mr. Osborn, was, "That by law he had no right to confine debtors and criminals in the same apartment; that Mr. Osborn being a criminal, that to make room for debtors it became necessary to confine them all together." Your committee on this point state that the sheriff, till the said two criminals were placed with Mr. Osborn, has acted as if totally regardless of what he now claims to be law—that previous to that time he was in the constant habit of imprisoning debtors in the same room with Mr. Osborn, who indeed have uniformly considered it a privilege—that before Mr. Osborn's imprisonment, when the room now occupied by him was vacant, and since, the sheriff has frequently confined debtors in the same room with criminals committed for felonies .—That at the time the said criminals were confined with Mr. Osborn, there was but one debtor, unless he also be considered as such, in jail.—That this debtor, on his first arrival intreated to be confined with him, but the sheriff by force dragged him from his door, and shut him up with criminals.—That on the 20th day of July inst. this debtor was liberated, and none other left in jail, notwithstanding which, the criminals still remained with Mr. Osborn, though the sheriff had engaged that in such case they should be removed. And your committee further state, that there is no such law as that claimed by the sheriff in justification of his treatment to Mr. Osborn. The statute of this state directs, "that debtors and felons shall not be confined in the same room" and even sheriff Landon, it is presumed, will not pretend that non compliance with the order of a county court is felony . Notwithstanding a maniac, whose hands were reeking with the blood of innocence, was let loose upon Mr. Osborn; notwithstanding he was removed with apparent reluctance, and notwithstanding his place has since been supplied by two criminals, both committed for capital offences : yet your committee will not for a moment entertain the idea, that this and other rigorous treatment, adopted towards him, has proceeded from a deliberate design entirely to terminate his existence; but they hesitate not to say, that this course of treatment, if persisted in, will, in their opinion, be very likely to result in his death.
Litchfield, July 12, 1806.
Resolved, That the doings of this meeting in judging the above report, be published in the next "Witness."
Resolved further, That for the purpose of procuring information from time to time, respecting Mr. Osborn's health, situation, &c. That Messrs. Reuben Webber, Moses Seymour, jr. and Ozias Lewis, jr. be a standing committee, who are hereby requested, in behalf of this meeting, to visit the prison daily, and learn the state of Mr. Osborn's health, the state of the air of said prison, the state of the prisoners confined with him, and every other particular of importance respecting his situation, and publish the same weekly in such of the republican papers in this state as they deem proper.
Attest, MOSES SEYMOUR, Jun. Clk.
Newark Republican Meeting.
At a numerous and respectable Meeting of Republicans, of the Town of Newark (New Jersey) at Pierlon's Hotel, on the evening of Friday, the 25th inst. to take into consideration the situation and Treatment of Mr. Seileck Osborn, a worthy Fellow citizen, and Editor of the "Witness," confined in Litchfield county jail, and to adopt such measures respecting the same as the Patriotism and the Discretion of this Meeting should deem expedient; Judge Pennington was chosen Chairman, and Mr. Tuttle, Clerk.
The proceedings of the Inhabitants of Litchfield, in the State of Connecticut, relative to the Treatment of Mr. Osborn, being read, and the Circumstances respecting the same being explained the following Resolutions were unanimously adopted.
Resolved, 2d. That the treatment

of Mr. Osborn, since his confinement in the Jail of Litchfield county, as appears by a Report of a Committee, made to their fellow-citizens of Litchfield, on the 12th of July inst. is brutal, cowardly, tyrannical, and disgraceful to a free People, and wholly unworthy the American Name.
From the LOUISIANA GAZETTE.
Address of the Legislative Council to the people.
Extract from the Minutes of the legislative council, May 26, 1806.
Whereas the most essential and salutary measures adopted by this legislature, have been successively rejected by the Governor of the Territory; and whereas the legislature, the members of which had been induced to accept of their appointments only by the hope of being useful to their fellow citizens, must now be convinced that they can do nothing but cause them a considerable expense:
Resolved, that the General Assembly be immediately dissolved.
The Address.
The Legislative Council think themselves in duty bound, to explain to their fellow citizens, the motives by which they have been determined to propose the resolution cited above, and which have made them consider the act, confederating the same, and rejected by the Governor, as that on which most essentially depended the happiness and tranquility of this country. The public will judge whether these motives have been pure and divested of all private passion.
The most inestimable benefit that can be conferred on a people, is the preservation of its laws, its usages and its customs. It is this preservation alone that can soften the sudden transfer from one government to another, and it is by indulging this natural attachment that the heaviest yoke becomes supportable. The Congress of the United States has seemed desirous to respect these sacred principles, and to render its dominion still easier to the inhabitants of the territory of Orleans, by preserving to them their ancient laws; such at least as the natural and rational meaning of the 4th article of the act of the 2nd of March, 1805, which makes ulterior provisions for the government of the Territory of Orleans, and is conceived in these terms— "the laws which shall be in force in the said Territory when this act shall begin to be put into effect, and which shall not be contrary to the dispositions of the said act, shall continue to be in force until they be modified, changed, or repealed by the legislature."
What then are the laws which congress have pretended to preserve to us by this provision? What are the laws that shall be liable to be revised and rectified by the legislature of this territory? The question is not doubtful. It is evident that the laws here alluded to, are the ancient laws that reigned in this country, before the cession made thereof to the United States to apply to us as much of the common law as they have thought it indispensable to prescribe to us, in order that our system should not be in direct contradiction to that which is in force in all the states of the union, namely the right of being tried by our peers, and the writ of habeas corpus, those two grand palladiums of liberty. So far as this we can make no change in what congress aver thus constitutionally determined; but it is plain that with respect to all the rest, we are at liberty to adopt or reject as much of the common law as we may think proper.
Since then we have power to preserve our ancient laws as far as they do militate against the constitution of the United States, or against the special acts that have been passed for our territorial government, we are indispensably entitled to the advantage of remaining under a system to which pertains nothing that is hostile to the affection we owe to our government. For in the laws by which a state is governed, a distinction must be made between such of them as belong to its constitution and government, and such as regulate contracts and agreements among individuals. The former ought indispensably to be common to all parts of the republic, but with respect to the latter, differences may exist without inconvenience. Thus the constitution of the United States and the other federal laws; being general throughout the union, it would be absurd to pretend that this territory ought not to submit thereto; but with respect to the laws concerning contracts, wills and hereditaments, of what consequence can
it be that such acts are here governed by the civil law, whilst in the other states of the union, they are regulated by the common law? Whence comes it that the diversity of customs that prevails in England does not injure the general harmony? Do these differences, arising from the local laws, prevent Englishmen from becoming good citizens, and submissive to the constitutional laws of their country? The case is quite the contrary, and that persons would probably expose themselves to alienate their affections, and to excite general disorder and discontent, who should touch these customs to which each province is attached by the ties of experience and long habit.
NATCHES, JULY 1.
The following very extraordinary circumstance occurred a few days since:
At about two o'clock, P. M. an Indian was discovered by the family entering the south end of Col. Girault's lane. He drew their attention, being painted in an uncommon manner, his whole body appeared red, he held in his right hand a gun, which he brandished with many gesticulations, in his left a bottle; he was attended by two other Indians in rather a sober pace—At the opposite end of the lane some more Indians were discovered, among whom was a man painted in like manner, but unarmed; he was held and detained by a woman, but when the one brandishing his gun came within about twenty steps of him, he burst from the embrace of his wife and rushed towards his antagonist—at about four yards distance they both halted, when the unarmed one presented his naked breast to the other, who took deliberate aim, but appearing to recollect himself, he dropped his gun, took a drink from the bottle, which was tied to his wrist—the other patiently and resolutely holding his breast open and presented all this time—having finished his drink and given a whoop, he took fresh aim, and in an instant the other dropped almost at his feet; this done, he loaded his gun with all possible speed, gave it to a bye stander (son to the deceased,) he then in turn bared and presented his breast, and was instantaneously sent into eternity.
The dead bodies were carried each the way they had come, and by their respective friends interred, one at each end of the lane; the wife and relatives of the unarmed one, who was first killed, sowed over his remains three days and nights, they then disappeared—on Friday last they returned again, fired several guns on approaching the grave, gave a general howl about a quarter of an hour, and retired. We learned from one among them who speaks broken English, that they had quarrelled over a bottle some considerable time ago, when the Indian who was first killed had his finger bit by the other, in such a manner, that his arm inflamed; he declared he was "spoiled," and that they must both die, they agreed and formed the arrangement as related.
THE TOBACCOES OF MACEDONIA.
The following is the mode of cultivating these Tobaccos.
TOBACCO constitutes, next to cotton, the richest branch of Greek exports.
There are two species of tobacco cultivated in Macedon, which are known under the name of nicotiana latifolia and nicotiana rustica . The cultivation of this plant occupies an eighth part of the ploughed lands, and supports a population of twenty thousand families.
The tobacco is sown here in March, in lands recently watered, prepared by being ploughed twice, and manured with sheep's dung. The seed in the greatest request is the smallest and finest grown. It ought to be small, of a dark yellow colour, and of an acid taste. This seed is sown in small compartments, drawn at equal distances; each compartment is six inches broad, and three deep, and is intended to receive from ten to twelve seeds. The seed shoots up some days after it is sown; and, as soon as its stalk grows, and becomes strong, another soil is prepared, into which, in Floreal, all the young plants are transposed, which are ranged in order, on parallel lines, at the distance of a square foot. This is the second soil, which is proper for tobacco; the first serving only as a nursery. In dry seasons it is necessary to water the tobacco. As soon as the plants have attained about half their growth, and begin to shoot forth leaves, the earth which separates them is opened with a hoe, in order to raise it up in mound, round each plant; this operation is called flouing the stalks. As tobacco is an absorbent plant, it should be weeded
with care, and not be suffered to be near the parasite plant.
In June, when the plant has got all its leaves, the cultivators castrate it; that is to say, they cut the top of the stalk, on which they leave more or fewer leaves, according to its strength. By this process the leaves thrive more, and ripen more uniformly.
Tobacco arrives at maturity in August. The leaves then turn yellow, incline towards the earth, and are separated from the plant without difficulty. The gathering, which is the talk of women, is made in the morning, after the leaves have been moistened with the dew. They gather the finest and most ripe, one after another, and run them by the ends into long needles. They form thus bundles, from ten to twelve feet in length, which they set on end on pillars of wood, fixed into the earth, in a place much exposed to the free air and the rays of the sun. The leaves take on the drier the last degree of siccity, and at length become of a golden yellow colour. The bundles, when dried, are carried away on carts, on which they continue till the gathering is finished; they are then taken off, the leaves are unrolled, and formed into small parcels, at the top and bottom of which they place, for the beauty of the sight, those leaves which are in the best preservation and of the finest appearance. These parcels are ranged in piles from four to six feet high, which are pressed down with large broad stones; the parcels continue in this state until the tobacco is packed up.
The field, which produce the tobacco, continues, after the gathering is finished, covered with an infinite number of naked stalks, which present in the autumn the appearance of a forest of reeds, which the least wind agitates, and whose thundering murmur resembles that of an angry sea. Those stalks dry up at the foot, and are an excellent manure for the ground, on account of the sharp salt they deposit there.
Mr. Sampson the Irish Barrister, whose great exertions in defence of his suffering countrymen have exposed him to so much persecution, and who has opposed nothing but candor and magnanimity to it, arrived here on Friday the 4th inst. in the British Packet—The social qualities and virtuous accomplishments of this gentleman will make him an agreeable acquisition to society. His talents will entitle him to high rank among men of learning and genius; more still is due to him in regard to his private and moral character, but his highest praise is that he never employed his abilities, but in the conscientious discharge of his duty, and that he deviated from the high road of profit and honor that lay eminently open to him not from any private ambition, but as an act of voluntary self devotion to the cause and relief of the unfortunate.
N. Y. American Citizen.
The number of Indians in Louisiana, and parts adjacent is above 16 thousand warriors, the fars, will be of great value to the mechanics of the U. S. We hope the government will establish trading houses, and that the fair tax, may no longer complain of the want of muffs and tippets.—They laying out saw-mills, and instructing the savages—the first foundation to improvement. The state of Pennsylvania, laid out for the Cornplanter, up the Allegany river, some years ago—most of the boards that is sold at Pittsburgh, is sawed by them.
Monday the 23th of this month, is the day mentioned in the Governor's proclamation on which the legislature of this state commences its session. We entertain the pleasing hope that the business relative to the session act, will be completely and satisfactorily settled.—We also rejoice that our legislature have it in their power (through this medium) to erect universities, Academies and schools throughout the state. [Nashville.]
We learn with great satisfaction, that by the vigilance of the officers of the customs in this port, a large vessel laden with military stores, and which it is said was to carry a considerable number of men to the West Indies, has been seized, when under sail on her passage outward—she is now in the hands of the government, and we trust that the law will be enforced, who ever may be the owners; the names of the owners we have not yet learned, nor whether she was destined to aid Miranda or the black emperor.—Aurora.
We have been informed, that a large ship is fitting out at Baltimore,
for an expedition similar to that for which a vessel was seized in the Delaware—we sometimes receive advice of what is going on at Philadelphia from Baltimore and New-York, we now return the compliment to Baltimore.
The ship at Baltimore is a very large one—and has a numerous crew; it is to be hoped that the custom house officers know their duty at Baltimore, and that no partialities as to persons, or owners, may operate to the evasion of the law. ib.
Extract of a Letter from New Orleans, dated the 13th June.
"I shall leave this in a few days, as the place is becoming very sickly; from eight to ten die of a day—The fever has made its appearance in the Fauxbourg.
"This day I counted the number of flats here, which amounted to 237, and 63 ships—4 loaded with Africans that disgracefully trade to America. The market here is much glutted with flour, tobacco, bacon, cotton and hemp. Flour cannot be sold for six dollars, tobacco flow at five and a half, cotton flow at twenty, bacon cannot be sold at five dollars per hundred—upwards of 150,000 pounds now at market. Pork and lard do well—Pork is from twelve and a half to fourteen dollars per barrel, lard thirteen to fourteen per hundred—whiskey seven-eleven cents; peach brandy one dollar.
DEATHS IN NEW-YORK. The City Inspector reports the death of 47 persons
 Men 9  Women 9  Boys 13  Girls 16  During the week ending on Saturday last, viz:  Cholera morbus 1  Consumption 4  Convulsions 3  Debility 3  Decay 1  Epilepsy 1  Putrid Fever 1  Infantile 1  Flux 11  Hives 3  Lock jaw 1  Palsy 1  Pleurisy 1  Scrofula 1  Small Pox 1  Sore throat 1  Spitting blood 1  Still born 2  Sudden death 1  Suicide 1  Whooping cough 3  Worms 2 
Capt. Harvey, arrived at Boston, from the Havanna, informs, that he left that port on the 14th July, at which time there were in the harbour 40 sail of American vessels, 30 of which arrived there in the course of two days. This circumstance occasioned an immediate rise of sugars, and fall of American productions. The advance of sugars was about 50 cents per quintal. Dollars very scarce, 6 to 7 per cent. being given in exchange for doubloons. The article of hogs lard, sold at 4 dollars per quintal, on the arrival of the above mentioned vessels.
Capt. Harvey further advises, that on the 7th July, an English convoy from Jamaica, passed the Moro, with 280 sail, under convoy of three 74's, 4 frigates, and 7 sloops of war, when they fell in with a fleet of Spanish sugar coasters, on their way from the windward to Havanna, and took and destroyed nearly the whole—They were under the protection of several lugger brigs and gun boats.
DIED, on the 15th inst. Mrs. Pidgeon, the wife of Isaac Pidgeon, of this place, Tanner; and on the day following her remains were deposited in the Friend's Burying ground, at their Meeting House near Burton's Creek.—A husband and 5 children have to deplore the loss of a faithful companion, and fond parent.
Just received and for sale at the Star Office—Price 50 cents—a PAMPHLET entitled
SKETCHES of the History of France FROM THE EARLIEST HISTORICAL ACCOUNTS To the present time....1806: With some remarks concerning the Life and Achievements of the celebrated NAPOLEON BONAPARTE, now Emperor of France. [By an American.]
Of this very interest Pamphlet, notice has already been taken in the Star.—It contains a correct and succinct detail of the principal facts and occurrences during the period specified, and the greater and most important part of Bonaparte's official communications, as French General, Consul, and Emperor. The style is energetic, concise, and classical.
PROPOSALS. FOR PUBLISHING BY SUBSCRIPTION, ON, THE WORKS OF Dr. Benjamin Franklin, Philosophical, Political, and Literary. [Hominum rerumque reporter.]
The publication of the writings of Dr. Franklin, in a complete edition, was long contemplated by the late Benjamin Franklin Bache, his Grandson, who transmitted the copy which was devised to Mr. W. Temple Franklin, for the purpose. It was originally designed that the corrected edition should appear in three languages, and in England, Germany, France and America, at the same time; this design was frustrated by the deviser (W. Temple Franklin) who it is now believed sacrificed the work and the honorable trust reposed in him, for money, to the immortal hayed of the English Ministry against the deceased sage.
As soon as this fact was known, the present editor of the Aurora turned his attention to the collection of every paper and circumstance which could tend to preserve and do honor to the memory of a man to whom America is so much indebted; and who as he was the first that from his genius and talents reflected back lustre on his native country, must continue to be ranked to the latest posterity, among its greatest benefactors and ornaments.
This edition will be published from the copies revised and corrected by Dr. Franklin, the corrections of which are in the hand writing of the author, and may be seen by any gentleman, in the possession of the editor of the Aurora .
Early admiration of Dr. Franklin; educated in veneration and reverence of his character—combined with other incidental circumstances not necessary to be pointed out, have concurred to favour the collection by the present editor, of the best materials that could be obtained after the sacrifice of the work by the deviser .
With some industry and with some expense he has possessed himself, not only of the copy with the corrections and additions in Dr. Franklin's hand writing; but also of several articles which have never appeared in any former collection, and of several which have never appeared in print.
Proposals would have appeared long since in this city, had not an advertisement of an intended edition, been published in the English prints; the present editor, thought it might yet be possible that the edition advertised, was that which Mr. Temple Franklin was entrusted with; but it now appears that the English edition is only a republication of the former compilation with some small additions; but still very deficient, on a comparison with the corrected papers in the hands of the editor .
The whole will now be carefully collected, and the work executed in a style worthy of the great patriarch of American liberty, and apostle of the American press.
The additional papers will form at least a volume, perhaps more—the authentic papers already printed, form three & it is intended to begin with the second volume , which will be put to press immediately; and to publish the Biography last , so that such additional particulars as may throw any useful light on the life of this great man, may be engraved on his memoirs; to obtain which, and other important materials, the editor will spare neither pains nor expense.
Gentlemen who may be possessed of authentic or original papers, or correspondence of Dr. F. or who can give information where any are to be found, will render public service by communicating them to the editor.
CONDITIONS.
The work will be elegantly printed, on a new small pica type, and pale vellum paper in large octavo.
The work will be ornamented with numerous engravings, a vignette to each volume—a whole length portrait from the best likeness allowed to be in existence, now in the possession of.....
The price of each volume will be 2 dollars 50 cents, payable on delivery only.
Subscriptions will be received at the Bookstore of Wm. Duane, No. 106, Market Street, Philadelphia, and in Pennsylvania avenue, Washington City; and by other booksellers and private gentlemen, whose names will be notified in the several states of the union, in due time.
10 Dollars Reward
RANAWAY from the subscriber in Bedford County, six miles above the Court-house, State of Virginia, on the first of this inst. a NEGRO MAN BOB, about 30 years of age, five feet nine or ten inches high, stout made, of a tanny complexion, and has a small piece taken off each ear—It is supposed he will make for the state of Ohio, or some other route northerly—His clothing of various description, among which are a calico round-about coat, and a ditty vest.—The above reward will be given to any person delivering said Negro to me in Bedford County, or a reasonable one for securing him in any Jail of the commonwealth, and giving me word so that I get him again.
JOHN P. GRAY. August 16th, 1806. OODW

Miscellany.
FROM THE POLITICAL OBSERVER.
Where e'er I roam whatever place I see, My heart untravell'd fondly turns to thee. GOLDMITH'S TRAV.
THE pleasure arising from the exercise of the social affections, is perhaps, the most distinguishing trait, in the character of man. Urged as well by mutual fears, as mutual wants, we discover an invincible propensity to connect ourselves in the bonds of society. Indeed, so wisely is this principle interwoven into our existence, that love the most powerful, and at the same time the most tender of all our passions, invites the sexes to choose, each its partner, to share in the common endeavours, felicities and cares of life. This tender connexion being formed, immediately follows the more anxious, and not less endearing one of parent and child. Few of us but remember with emotions of the utmost pleasure, the careless scenes of our childhood, from the "rattle, to the fetch- el."
Few parents but will attest to the genuine transports they receive, from contemplating the real, or imaginary virtues of their rising offspring. But the social affections are not confined, merely to the relations of connubial, and filial love. They are far more extensive, and enter more or less into all the concerns of life. When we look back, and survey the objects which have rendered us the most delighted in our past lives, we do not, in the first place, fondly rest upon the companions of our youth; particularly those of our fathers' house. Indeed, the house itself, the gardens, and even the fields of our "native homes" are endeared to us by the recollection of a thousand sportive, rural delights. How agreeable is the circle of well-chosen friends? The assembly likewise has its charms. Here the graces of motion, joined to the symmetry of form, and the other elegancies of feature and expression, combine to raise in us the idea of beauty, one of the most prolific sources of the social affections.
After leaving for a season the place of our nativity and youthful sports, in the pursuits of business and the cares of life, notwithstanding the sphere of our action may be cast in more pleasant places, yet there are but few of us but can bear xknefs to the transports we experience on returning to the places of our birth, and "to the land of our fathers' sepulchres." These emotions, permit me to say, are felt alike by all possessing true patriotism and the love of country.
Indeed, the principles of patriotism are implanted in infancy, and grow out of the images and pleasures that perpetually surround us in that extremely susceptible period. Impressions made in youth we bear about us in age. And it is impossible for a virtuous mind, whatever distant land he may be thrown, to forget the country of his own and of his family's birth. Circumstances, indeed, may render it convenient and proper for a man to expatriate himself from his own, and to adopt a foreign residence. But even in this situation in this situation he can never extinguish the remembrance, or the affection due to his native country. He would be unworthy of any country if he could. From a sentiment and love of liberty, from the features of a constitution of government, or from other causes, he may be led to prefer a residence in the country of his adoption to that of his birth; but he can never cease, at least to hope for the prosperity and happiness of his native land. He will secretly wish, once more to behold the groves and the grottos, the fountains and streams, the hills and the vallies which have so often presented themselves to the mind, and exercised his fancy in the morning of his life. "There cannot," says a lively writer, "be a more exquisite gratification than to revisit, in a conspicuous situation, the humble and laborious scenes of our youth." I.
FROM THE REPORTER.
SUMMER DRESS.
MR. ESSENDEN. As it is our constant Duty to exert our- selves in the promotion of the Happi- G of Mankind whatever may tend at great Objects, ought not to be helden. essed with this Idea, the fol- Remarks * on the different de- of heat imbibed from the same rays. Clothes of different colours, &c. &c. are presented. Partly from DR. FRANKLIN'S experiments and observations on Elec- tricity.
In the first place let me mention an experiment you may easily make your- self. Walk but a quarter of an hour in your Garden when the Sun shines, with a part of your Dress white and a part black; then apply your hand to them alternately, and you will find a very great difference in their warmth. The Black will be quite hot to the touch, the white still coll.
2d. Put a white glove on one hand, and a black one on the other and hold them out in a warm Sun, or at an e- qual distance from a Fire, and you will readily discover the greatest de- grees of heat in the black one.
Another. Try to fire paper with a burning glass. If the paper be white you will not easily burn it;—but if you bring the focus to a black spot, or upon letters, written or printed, the paper will be immediately on fire un- der the letters.
Thus fullers and dyers find black Cloths of an equal thickness with white ones, and hung out equally wet, dry in the Sun much sooner than the white, being more readily heated by the Sun's rays. It is the same before the fire; the heat of which sooner pe- netrates black Stockings than white ones, and is so apt sooner to burn a Man's shins. Also beer much sooner warms in a black Mug set before the fire, than a white one, or in a bright silver tankard.
My experiment (says DR. FRANK- LIN) was this: I took a number of little square pieces of Broadcloth from a Taylor's pattern Card, of various colours. There were black, deep blue, lighter blue, green, purple, red, yellow, white, and other colours or shades of colours. I laid them all out upon the snow one bright sunshiny morning. In a few hours the black being warmed most by the Sun was sunk to low as to be below the stroke of the Sun's Rays; the dark blue almost as low, the lighter blue not quite so much as the dark, the other colours as they were lighter and the quite white remained on the surface of the Snow, not having entered it at all.
It will here naturally be enquired, Why are black cloths or colours warm- er, or for what reasons do they imbibe greater degrees of heat than white ones? The answer is, That Black, instead of reflecting back the Rays of light or heat attracts and absorbs them; while white instead of absorbing, re- flects back those Rays.
From hence may we not learn, that black cloths are, by no means, suit- able to wear in a hot sunny climate, or Season; because in such Cloths the Body is more heated by the Sun when we walk abroad, and are at the same time heated by the exercises, and which double heat has a tendency to bring on putrid, dangerous fevers, and other difficulties—That the Ladies and Gentlemen's summer Dresses should be of the clearest white:—their summer Hats should in a particular manner be white, as repelling that heat which gives head-aches to many and probably to some the fatal stroke that the French call the Coup de Soleil:
That the Ladies' Summer Hats (or Bonnets) however should be lined with black, as not reverberating on their faces those Rays which are reflected upwards from the Earth or Water: that the putting a white cap of paper, or linen, within the crown, of a black Hat, as some do, will not keep out the heat, though it would if placed without—That Seamen and Soldiers ought by all means to attend to it; es- pecially those who are bound to and obliged to labour and march in hot countries; they ought ever to be pre- pared with uniforms of white—That the coolness and consequently the a- greeableness of white dresses (were there no other reasons to urge) are a sufficient stimulus for the wearing of them in hot Sunny climate or Seasons—That Fruit walls being blackened may receive so much Heat from the Sun in the day-time, as to continue warm, in some degree, through the night; and thereby preserve the fruit from frosts, or forward its growth—with sundry other particulars of less, or greater consequence, that will occur from time to time to attentive minds.
Would not strict attention to and practice of the foregoing, contribute to the Health and Happiness of the in- habitants of our country in general?
Nothing is more precious, impor- tant, or dear than our Health; and yet nothing much more trifled with. When our Health is once gone what are we, miserable indeed; doomed to drag out a pitiful existence in sorrow and perhaps desperation. How inse- parably connected are Health and Ha- piness! How many objects do we with pain behold wretched only from a want of Health, and all owing to their own imprudent conduct!
Impressed with these Ideas, why will we not take warning? and use e- very effort in our power if possible to preserve our Health?
MANLIUS.
The following is the mode of rearing blood hounds in Saint Domingo, and the manner of exercising them by the Chasseurs.
The moment the blood hounds are taken from the dam they are chained in kennels, with iron bars in front like the dens used by show men for con- fining wild beasts where they are spar- ingly fed on the blood and entrails of animals. As they grow up, their keepers frequently expose in the front of their cage a figure resembling a ne- gro, a male or female, and of the same colour and dress, the body of which contains the blood and entrails of beasts, which being occasionally suffered to gush out, the figure attracts the attention of the dogs as the source of their food. They are then gradual- ly reduced in their meals, till they are almost famished, while the image is still more frequently exposed to their view; and when they struggle with redoubled ferocity against their con- finement to come at their prey, the image is brought nearer at intervals, till at last it is abandoned to their hun- ger, and being of wicker work, is in an instant torn to pieces, and thus they arrive at a copious meal. While they gorge themselves with this, the keep- er and his colleagues carefull encou- rage them. By this means, the white people at once ingratiate themselves with the dogs, and teach them to re- gard a negro as their proper prey. As soon as the young dogs are thus well initiated, they are taken out to be ex- ercised on living objects and are train- ed with great care, till they arrive at the necessary nicety, and exactness in the pursuit of the poor wretches they are doomed to destroy. The common use of these dogs in the Spanish islands, was in chase of runaway negroes in the mountains. When once they get scent of the object, they speedily run him down, and devour him unless he can evade the pursuit by climbing trees, in this case they remain at the foot of the tree yelling in the most hideous man- ner till their keepers arrive. If the victim was to be preserved for a pub- lic exhibition of a cruel punishment, the dogs were then muzzled, and the prisoner loaded with chains. On his neck is placed a collar with spikes in- ward, and hooks outward, the latter for the purpose of entangling him in the bushes if he attempted to escape. If the unhappy wretch proceeded faster than his guard, it was construed into an attempt to run from them, and he was given up to the dogs, who in- stantly devoured him. Not seldom, on a journey of considerable length, these cautes were feigned by the keep- ers to relieve them of their prisoners; and the inhuman monster who perpe- trated the act, received the reward of ten dollars from the colony, on making oath of his having destroyed his fellow- creature. The keepers in general ac- quire an absolute command over these dogs; but while the French army used them in their late war against St. Do- mingo, while they had possession of the Cape, the dogs frequently broke loose in that neighbourhood, and children were devoured in the public way; and sometimes they supprized a harm- less family of labourers (who had sub- mitted and furnished the French them- selves with necessaries) at their simple meal, tore the babe from the breast of its mother, and involve the whole par- ty in one common and cruel death, and returned, when gorged, with their horrid jaws drenched with human blood! Even the defenceless huts of the negroes have been broke open by these dreadful animals, and the sleep- ing inhabitants have shared a like mis- erable fate!
The girl who has inflamed her pas- sions by novel reading, is a piece ready charged and primed; the least spark (if I may be excused the triple pun) will make her go off.
A good book is the best of friends: you can entertain yourself pleasantly with that, when you have not a friend in whom you may confide.
A good heart will, at all times, be- tray the best head in the world.
I find increasing years cause me to esteem fewer people—yet to bear with more.
To Rent,
FOR a year or term of years, and possession given on the first of January next, the
STONE TAVERN
in the Town of Warren, in Albemarle County, which is at present occupied by the subscriber; the tenement is in good repair, and there is attached to it, about fifteen acres of excellent land inclosed and in cultivation; it is an e- ligible stand, there being no other ta- vern in the place, and terms will be made easy.
JOHN STAPLES. Warren, August 12th, 1806. (1m 4m.)
NOTICE.
A PETITION will be presented to the next General Assembly of Virginia praying the establishment of a FERRY across James River, from the lands of James Waugh, in Amherst County to the lands of Tamberlane W. W. Da- vis, in Bedford County. JAMES WAUGH. July 19, 1806. 3m
At a Court held for Amherst County at the Court house the eighteenth day of June, eighteen hundred and six.
Major James Benjamin } Coffland, Compl. } In Chancery AGAINST John Smith, Deft. }
THE defendant not having enter- ed his appearance and given security according to the Act of Assembly, and the rules of this Court, and it appear- ing to the satisfaction of the Court that he is not an inhabitant of this State, and without the jurisdiction of this Court, on the motion of the complain- ant by his Counsel, it is ordered that the defendant do appear here on the third Monday in October next, and answer the complainant's bill, and that a copy of this order be forthwith in- serted in the Lynchburg Star for eight weeks successively and posted up at the front door of the Court-house of this County, on some court day. A Copy, Teste, W. S. CRAWFORD C. A. C.
NOTICE.
I SHALL Petition the next General Assembly of Virginia, for leave to build a WAREHOUSE, for the re- ception and inspection of Tobacco, on my lots in the Town of Lynchburg. ROWLAND JONES. 30th July, 1806. tf.
NOTICE.
THE Public are respectfully in- formed that the subscriber wishes to rent or lease the Tenement whereon Reuben Bagby now lives, it being a part of his estate lying on the Fluvanna- River, in the County of Amherst, and within four miles of Lynchburg—Apply at my residence in Buckingham County, near Willis's Mountain. L. BOLLING. July 31, 1806. 3w
NOTICE.
AGREEABLE to a Decree of the County Court of Bedford, will be exposed to sale on the 10th day of October next, for ready money, a
TRACT OF LAND,
the property of Sandford Holley, lying in the County of Bedford, and contain- ing 254 acres, to satisfy a debt due from the said Sandford Holley to Hol- ley's administrators:—the sale to take place on the premises. Julius Hatcher, Charles Stewart, Benj. Robertson, William Rucker, David North. } Commrs. July 29th. 1806. 8w.
VIRGINIA, to wit: At a Court continued and held for Pitt- sylvania County the 22nd day of Ju- ly, 1806.
John Wilson, Plif. } AGAINST John Owen, Glen Ow- en, George Owen, James Rutledge, and his wife, for- merly Owen, and Jenney Magrove formerly Jenney Owen, Defis. } IN Chancery.
THE Defendants not having enter- ed their appearance and given security according to the act of Assembly and the rules of this Court, and it appear- ing that they are not inhabitants of this State; On the motion of the plaintiff by his counsel, it is ordered that the said defendants do appear here on the third Monday in October next, and answer the Bill of the Plaintiff, and that copy of this order be forth with published in some newspaper of this State for eight weeks successively, and posted up at the front door of the Court-house of this county on some court day. A Copy, Teste, WILL. TUNSTALL, C. P. C.
HYMNS.
Just published and for sale at the Star Office, (Price, Twenty-Five Cents,) A choice selection of Hymns:
This first part, contains the newest and so much admired Spiritual Songs practiced with such beneficial effects, during the late Camp, and other Meetings, in the counties of Amherst, and Bedford, and in the vicinity of Lynchburg.
GAMUTS ALSO for sale at this Of- fice.
PURSUANT to the within war- rant to us directed, we have this day viewed an efray Horse shewn to us by John Williams of Bedford County, and find the same to be a sorrel horse about eight or nine years old, and about five feet high, with a blaze face, and two large saddle spots on each side of his weather, also a white streak near the throat-latch, with one hind foot white, and entirely bare foot: And appraise the same to ninety dol- lars.—Certified under our hands this 12th day of May, 1806. Wm. ROBERTSON. Wm. WHITTEN. ROBERT MITCHELL. A Copy, Teste, J. STEPTOE, C. B. C. 3w
VIRGINIA, to wit: At a Court held for Pittsylvania Coun- ty the sixteenth day of June, 1806. John Morrice, Plif. } AGAINST Joseph Matherley, and Zaccheus Brol, and Ra- chael Cook, Josiah Cook, Elizabeth Cook, Samu- el Cook, and Nancy Cook, children and heirs of Josiah Cook deceased. } IN Chancery. Defts.
THE Defendants not having enter- ed their appearance and given security according to the act of Assembly, and the rules of this Court, and it appear- ing to the satisfaction of the Court that they are not inhabitants of this State, on the motion of the Plaintiff by his counsel, it is ordered that the said de- fendants do appear here on the third Monday in September next, and an- swer the Plaintiff's Bill, & that a copy of this order be forthwith published in some news paper of this State for eight weeks successively, and posted up at the front door of the Court-house of this County on some court day. A Copy, Teste, WILL. P. HARRISON, D. C. P. C.
THE partnership of Morris & Per- kins at Lynchburg, is this day dissol- ved by mutual consent, all those indebted, and those holding claims for trans- actions at this place, are requested to come forward and have their accounts adjusted with Benjamin Perkins, or in his absence Mr. John Moore or John Perkins at the Stone house, who is fully authorized to settle the business. BENJAMIN MORRIS. BENJAMIN PERKINS. August 8th, 1806. 3w
IN conformity to a Decree of Bed- ford Court (Ward vs. Millersum) we shall proceed to sell on the premises for ready money, on Saturday 20 Sept. next, the LAND and its appurte- nances, mentioned in the said Decree, lying in Bedford County, on the waters of M'Daniel's Creek, adjoining the Lands of Col. Thomas Leitwich, George Hackworth, &c. Thomas Lefrowich, John Clayton, Mark Anthony, Samuel Smith. } Comrs. 31st July, 1806.
BY virtue of a Deed of Trust exe- cuted to the subscriber by William Evans of the county of Amherst, for the purpose of securing the pay- ment of a debt due to Brown Murphy & Co. for the sum of two hundred and thirteen pounds and four pence, with interest thereon from the first day of August 1804, and the expenses at- tending the execution of the trust. WILL be sold to the highest bidder for ready money, on Saturday the 23rd day of August next, at the dwell- ing house of the said William Evans in the county aforesaid, a tract of
LAND,
lying on both sides of little Piney ri- ver, containing by two surveys three hundred and fifty acres, and bounded by the lands of William Moore, Stephen Turner, and David Clarkson also one NEGRO WOMAN named PEG, and her increase if any since the executing the Trust. John Higginbotham, Trustee. Amherst, 11th July, 1806. tds