Lynchburg star (Lynchburg [Va.]), 1806-07-03 00:00:00

Anselm Lynch
LYNCHBURG STAR.
Virginia,
PUBLISHED BY JAMES GRAHAM.....AT THREE DOLLARS PER ANNUM.....(Payable in advance.)
No. XXXVI.]
THURSDAY, JULY 3.....1806.
[Vol. I.]
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Latest Foreign News.
From late London papers, received at New York, by the ship Charleston. LONDON, April 29.
The British minister at Berlin has demanded, and obtained his passports. He was expected at Hufum, before the end of this month, on his way to England.
The obstruction of the trade of Hamburg, in consequence of the measures lately adopted, is most severely felt; English goods have of course greatly advanced in price; and a general dissatisfaction prevails among every description of people.
The order of blockading the Weser, the Elbe, and other rivers of Germany, was not known at Hamburg until Tuesday last; it created the utmost consternation. An opinion prevailed there, that Prussia would be compelled by France to declare against Denmark, in case of refusal of the latter to shut her ports against the trade of this country.
It will appear, from the declaration inserted in our paper of this day, that the king of Sweden, not in the least alarmed by the movements of the Prussian troops, or the menaces of the Prussian Cabinet, is resolved not to retire from that part of the Electorate of Hanover on the right bank of the Elbe.
Dumourier is at present in Swedish Pomerania.
Private letters from Dublin, state, Dwyer, the county of Wicklow rebel chief, and his companions, who were shipped off for Botany Bay, rose upon the crew on the voyage, and carried the vessel into the Brazils.
The mail due on Wednesday, arrived this morning. It has not, of course, brought such late news as the Mail which arrived yesterday; but from the following letter from Vienna, there is little reason to doubt that the passage through the Frioul into Dalmatia, has been granted to the French troops. But these troops will find it difficult to procure provisions; all the
ports on both sides of the Adriatic having been declared by Russia in a state of blockade.
VIENNA, April 9. "It is asserted, that yesterday there was signed between the Courts of Vienna and France, a Convention, in virtue of which the former concedes to the latter a free passage for its troops by La Poneta and Trieste, for Istria and Venetian Dalmatia; the number of these troops is variously stated; some carrying it as high as 45,000, others to only 30,000. The last point is a matter of indifference; the passage being once granted, there probably would not be any difficulty as to the number. Although from the manner in which this demand was made no one doubted of its success, the news of the conclusion has nevertheless caused a great sensation among the public, and the corps diplomatique. Russia foresaw this condescension, and in consequence, we learn, by private letters received yesterday from Trieste that the Commander in Chief of the Russian fleet in the Adriatic have given directions to all the divisions under his orders, to blockade not only that port, but all those on the two coasts of that sea, and to examine strictly every ship that enters or comes out.
"To this order is annexed an exact list of every species of commerce which is reckoned provision, or ammunition of war, and a copy of these instructions is on board the Asia, the admiral's ship.
"Ragusa itself is situated among the ports which will be subjected to these visits so distressing to a great part of Italy, and particularly to the Hereditary States."
It should seem as if the renewal of war upon the Continent were almost impossible to be avoided. It is clear, notwithstanding the belief which Bonaparte professes to entertain, that Austria will cause Calle Nuovo and the mouths of the Cattaro to be delivered up to him, that he suspects the surrender of them to Russia to have been the effect of connivance between the two Courts. It is said, that in addition to the permission to march French troops into Dalmatia through the Frioul, he will demand the co-operation of the Austrian troops with his own to drive the Russians from the places they occupy. In such a demand Austria cannot, of course acquiesce, and her refusal will be the signal for the recommencement of hostilities....for well are we persuaded that Bonaparte, now that he is sure of Prussia, is anxious for a renewal of the war with Austria. It is said that the French troops are approaching the Inn, and that a camp is to be formed near Brannau.
VIENNA, April 12. In the course of last week, the French Minister Rochefoucault had two long audiences of his Imperial majesty, and several conferences with the Minister of State, Count Von Stadion. It is now understood that a Convention has lately been concluded between Count Bellegarde, commander of Inner Austria, and General Anderdon. According to this Convention, 40,000 French troops are to march through Frioul and Croatia to Dalmatia; but in the Austrian territory they are to pay for all necessary supplies in specie. This convention is communicated to the Court of Petersburg, and represented as a consequence of the Russian troops having taken possession of Cattaro.
MUNICH, April 10. The French it is said, will form a camp in the neighbourhood of Brannau.
HUMMINGEN, April 10. Marshal Ney, has still his headquarters here....His corps consists of 100,000 men, it is said, that in a certain case, the whole of these troops are to march to Italy through the Tyrol.
ALBANIA, March 30. The commander of the Russian squadron at Cattaro has issued the following order respecting the blockade of the ports in the Adriatic Sea....To accomplish the just object of maintaining a good understanding with the Neutral Powers, and at the same time to persevere in the important plan of cutting off the enemy from all supplies which he might receive through the means of neutrals, the commander of the squadron of his Imperial Majesty of all the Russians hereby notifies and declares:
1. That all the coasts and harbours, both on the right and left of the Adriatic Gulf belonging to the French, or to Neutral States, and possessed by the French, are from this day strictly blockaded by the said squadron.
2. That no vessel belonging to the said powers shall attempt to convey warlike stores, provisions, or other supplies, to any of the blockaded places, under the penalty of confiscation of ship and cargo.
3. That whereas this notification sufficiently testifies the respect which my court entertains for the Neutral States, I flatter myself that all the evils will be averted which would result to them from acting in opposition to the order now given.
HENRY BAILY, Commander of the squadron of his Imperial Majesty of all the Russians. On board the Asia ship of the line, at anchor in the Canal of the Bocca di Cattaro, March 15, 1806.
BANKS'S ORATION
ON THE ANNIVERSARY OF AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE. Celebrated at Halifax Court house, Virginia—4th July, 1804. FELLOW CITIZENS.
The event which we have this day met to celebrate, is perhaps one of the most glorious and interesting, that has ever occurred in the annals of nations. We have not met for the purpose of paying homage to a King, an Emperor or a Consul, to rejoice at the success of our arms in the conquest of kingdoms, the subjection of empires or the effusion of human blood. The eye of humanity, instead of overflowing with sorrow and dejection at the misfortunes and sufferings of the human species, on this occasion, will beam with exultation and delight.
Fellow citizens, we have convened to celebrate the anniversary of our birth, as a nation; to felicitate ourselves upon our emancipation from the yoke of a proud and imperious monarch; to pay our devotion to the genius that animated our ancestors to vindicate their rights and establish on a solid and permanent foundation, the liberties of their country.
In contemplating the American revolution, the philosopher, the philanthropist and the patriot, will find abundant sources of gratification and joy. The philosopher will exult at the irresistible progress of truth, reason and justice; that the prejudices and errors of antiquity, the political and religious heresies which have so long kept mankind buried in ignorance, barbarism and slavery, have yielded to the illuminations of science. That nations which for ages had been languishing in bondage, and were bewildered in the clouds of ignorance, credulity and superstition; are now enlightened by the mild influence of literature and rational enquiry. The bright example of America has invigorated their faculties, the mind has acquired a new spring; liberty has increased its energy. The philanthropist will rejoice at the extensive prospects of human felicity which are presented to his view, in contemplating the rapid amelioration of the condition of man, and at the pleasing reflection, that an asylum is found in the new world, where persecuted humanity may rest in peace and quietness. The patriot will rejoice when he casts his eyes around him, and beholds the singular felicity of his fellow citizens; at the recollection of the present and the anticipation of the future greatness, prosperity and glory of this rising republic: But who can calculate the destiny of a nation, that without soldiers, without military stores or accoutrements without a navy, without pecuniary resources and without a strong and efficient government, was able after a long and glorious struggle to effect a revolution, not only of government but of opinion; a nation that has discarded the maxims that were consecrated by time and reverence by their ancestors, a nation that has achieved a revolution without a prototype, and which has formed a new era in the history of mankind. Has not the example of these people demonstrated the truth of the maxim, that "for a nation to be free" 'tis enough that she wills it?
In reflecting on this great revolution the mind is involuntarily led to a review of the principles that gave it birth.
Is it to be attributed to the folly of the king and parliament of Great Britain, to the restless disposition of a people who sighed for liberty; or to a conviction in the public mind, of the absurdity of an effort to hold the great continent of America in subjection to the little island of Great Britain, a mere spot upon the map of Europe? The king and the parliament saw with astonishment and dismay, the growing greatness and prosperity of the colonies; they attempted to check their progress, and to controul the great laws of nature, reason and justice; they did not see the madness and futility of their efforts; they did not calculate the power and enthusiasm of a great people when roused to defend their rights. They attempted to bind us by the laws of a legislature in which we were not represented; they imposed arbitrary and oppressive restrictions on our commerce; they attempted to tax us without our consent; they abandoned the sacred principle of modern legislation, that taxation and representation shall be constant concomitants. The impiety of these efforts, excited the imagination of the people, their reason revolted at this tyrannical assumption of power, but they still used the language of decency and moderation. They petitioned in the most humble manner for a redress of grievances; they conjured the parliament; they supplicated the king; they remonstrated to their brethren in Britain. Their petitions, their supplications and their remonstrances, were rejected with indignant contempt, and followed by new insults and aggressions, until the whole conduct of the British government evinced a steady and predetermined design to reduce us to conditional slavery. Though we were allied to the inhabitants of Britain by the ties of blood, speak the same language, and have been remarked for the similarity of our customs and manners, they entertained the opinion, that liberty was a jewel too precious to be entrusted to the inhabitants of the new world; they attempted to wrest it from them by arbitrary power; the people of these states were declared to be rebels and traitors; a manifesto was published declaring them not to be entitled to protection by law. The armed legions of Britain; and the hired mercenaries of Germany, invaded our country; the ruthless savage of the forest was excited to make war upon our frontiers; our cities were sacked, our villages burnt, our commerce plundered; the plantations of our peasants pillaged, their crops destroyed, their habitations burnt, their wives and their children exposed to the inclemencies of the weather, and what was still more affliction, to the insults and ferocity of mercenary soldiers. But the sons of Columbia were soon routed to resistance. The cruelty and injustice of Britain rendered them indignant. The invasion of their country gave them no time to deliberate. Animated by the love of liberty, guided by reason and fortified by justice, they resolved no longer to submit to insult and aggression; they solemnly proclaimed their independence; they met the enemy in the field of battle; they fought for their liberty; the struggle was obstinate, but the event was glorious. This great revolution was the effect of public sentiment; the people felt but one impulse; all participated in the hazards of war, all were solicitous for the fate of their country; the chains of oppression were rent asunder, the clouds of adversity dispelled. The myriads of Britain and Germany, and the blood hounds of the forest, were compelled to crouch to the arms of liberty. The proud monarch of England was humbled; the edicts of his parliament suspended and repealed; the colonies freed, and the people left to form a government for themselves. On this memorable occasion the spirit of patriotism was even felt by the venerable matrons of our country; let us pay to their memories the homage of our respect and gratitude, for the willingness and promptitude with which they abandoned the ease and refinement of domestic life, for the laborious occupations of agriculture and manufactures! They contributed their quota of service to the cause of liberty and their country—they animated the partners of their bosoms to forego the
soft endearments of private life, and the tender caresses of their children, to vindicate the invaded rights of their country—they inspired their sons with the first sentiments of freedom—they taught their daughters to weave a garland of laurels to adorn the brow of the hero and the patriot. Vain indeed would be the effort to do justice to this mighty theme! a theme too majestic in its nature, to derive additional lustre from the eulogium of the orator or the poet's song! For who can describe in appropriate language, the sublime spectacle of a nation roused from indolence and apathy, to the dignified assertion of its rights? Where is the stoic whose bosom does not beat with joy at the recollection of the great event which we have assembled to commemorate? Where is the lukewarm patriot who does not feel a sentiment of gratitude, towards the heroes and patriots that achieved the glorious work which has elevated us to the glorious rank of a free people? They merit the plaudits and eulogies of the whole civilized world: Let us erect monuments to perpetuate their memories, that their bright example may inspire our posterity with the order of patriotism: Let their names stand highest on the rolls of fame. When the record of their transactions shall be covered in the dust of time, and the heroes and patriots who fought in the great cause of freedom, shall be buried in the silent tomb; then shall the orator dwell with enthusiastic fervor, upon this great revolution, and kindle into rapture the delighted throng; Then will our posterity hail with applauding long, the anniversary of our independence, and pay the tribute of gratitude to the martyrs who shed their blood in defence of the liberties of their country; who died in the great cause of humanity.—Every heart shall glow with ecstasy and admiration; every breast shall pant with zeal to support the glorious cause of liberty—The memory of our washington shall inspire generations yet unborn with patriotism and valor, and an enthusiastic attachment to the cause of justice, and their country. He is not now alive, to animate by his example: His ashes are deposited in the tomb, but his Soul has flown to regions of eternal and never changing felicity: His fame is immortal: His virtues, his talents, his services and his patience under sufferings, have erected a monument to his memory, in the hearts of his countrymen, more durable than brass or marble; it will bid defiance to the ravages of time; it can never be destroyed. His name shall live forever in songs and panegyrics; his patriotism and his valor, shall be held up as an example of future generations.
Fellow citizens, we have just passed over the turbid and boisterous ocean of party heat and acrimony. The political barge of our country, has had a dangerous passage; our fellow citizens have been divided in their opinions, as to the means which were best calculated to insure a safe and prosperous voyage to the haven of prosperity and happiness.—The difference of opinion has excited the most angry and malignant passions. In the violence and acrimony of party animosity, we have seen father arrayed against son, son against father, and brother against brother; all the soft endearments of social intercourse, were sacraficed at the altar of political jealousy, hatred, and revenge—The ties of friendship and con sanguinity were dissolved, and instead of exhibiting to the world the appearance of a contented, united, and happy people, nothing was heard but the language of accusation and invective: Nothing was seen but the emblems of party, discontent, and division. But a new order of things has arisen. The fermentation and acrimony produced by this malignant spirit, have subsided; our people are now united and happy: Let us then, fellow citizens, when met, to rejoice at the great event of our eternal separation from a wicked and a corrupt monarchy, forget our past discensions and animosities; Let us forget the shades of difference in our political opinions, if there yet be shades; Let them be so nicely and beautifully blended, that like the variegated colours of the rainbow, altho' a difference be discernable, it shall be impossible for the most acute vision to mark the termination of one shade, or the commencement of another. All description of citizens, whether native or adopted, ought to unite in congratula-

time and festivity, on the anniversary of an event so important to the general happiness of mankind; which has emancipated the people of a great continent, from the yoke of arbitrary power, and has held up the lamp of liberty and knowledge to nations that were groaning under the fetters of despotism, and wandering in the mazes of ignorance and error. The people by this example have been taught duly to appreciate their power, when they rise in the awful majesty of their strength. Tyrants have been taught the power of relaxing their chains, and that there is a certain point at which oppression must stop, and liberty begin. After the completion of our revolution, and Great Britain was compelled, solemnly to recognize us as an independent people, the American nation exhibited a new spectacle for the admiration of mankind. At an early period of their national existence, a strong sense of the necessity and value of union, induced the people to form a federal government to preserve it. In times of difficulty, and when the enemy was laying waste our country by fire and sword, we were cemented by a sense of common danger; but in such times, there was but little leisure for calm and dispassionate enquiry. The confederation was formed under the most inauspicious circumstances; it was produced, not by the united wisdom and deliberation of the nation, but by the emergency of the times; ought we then to be surprised if this system was found on mature examination to be incompetent to the preservation of harmony and prosperity at home, and peace and respectability abroad? A conviction in the public mind that the confederation contained some radical and incurable defects, dictated to the necessity of adopting a more energetic plan; and as soon as the enemy was vanquished and peace established, our fellow citizens took this interesting subject into serious consideration. The legislatures of the several states appointed delegates for the purpose of devising amendments the existing constitution; a convention was formed of men renowned for patriotism, signified by their talents; much time was spent in consultation and deliberation; the hero of liberty presided over their councils. At that interesting period, the American people held out a glorious example to nations. They were then engaged, as has been said of the first national convention of France, "in forming a government of art, the work of intellect, reared on the immutable basis of national right, and general happiness, which should combine the excellencies and exclude the defects of the various forms which chance had scattered over the world. It was high time that the human powers, so long occupied by subordinate objects and inferior arts, should mark the commencement of a new era in history, by giving birth to the art of improving government, and increasing the civil happiness of man. It was time that legislators, instead of that narrow and sordidly coacting which never loses sight of usage and precedent should be guided by the polarity of reason, hazard a bolder navigation, and seek in unexplored regions, the treasure of public felicity."
It was time to reject every thing which was only venerable for its antiquity, and that reason and philosophy should triumph over prejudice and habit. The federal constitution was formed; it was recommended to the states; it underwent the most severe and critical examination; the most splendid talents were exerted to prevent its adoption; every artifice was used which could be suggested by cunning; every effort was made, which could be suggested by the apprehension of danger to our liberties; the tocsin of alarm was sounded, the people were warned of the dangers of innovation—but this constitution was adopted—it rests on the rights of man—it recognizes neither kings, nobles nor privileged orders—but was formed by the enlightened citizens of a republic, and is now administered by their delegates. This new plan of representation and responsibility is admirably calculated to enforce virtue and talents in the administration. Under an hereditary system of government there are too few excitements to the exertion of talents, there are too few rewards for integrity and virtue. Virtue and talents are not the qualifications which are best adopted to the intrigues and machinations of princes; an easy and a flexibility of character is much more agreeable to them than that stubborn integrity which never can be seduced from its allegiance to the people—but under an elective system the people will naturally select those who are the most qualified for their virtues. This plan opens an extensive field for the display of genius and the exertion of intellect. Here are the ample rewards of virtue; every citizen in the republic, however mean his birth, if he be honest and capable, is eligible to the first stations; no enquiry is made into the antiquity of his parchment, no credit is given
him for the virtues of his ancestors. The acquisition of Louisiana may justly be regarded as the greatest political event which has occurred in our history since the adoption of the federal constitution. Whilst the Mississippi constituted the western boundary of the United States, and the fertile and extensive country which we have recently acquired by treaty was in the possession of a rival nation, the commerce of the most extensive and growing part of the union was frequently exposed to vexatious interruptions. The solemnity of national compact, formed no security to freedom of navigation, for woeful experience has demonstrated that the most solemn treaties are but little revered in the cabinets of princes. The acquisition of this country secures us against the intrigues and artifices of foreign empires, protects our western brethren in a great degree from the incursions and ravages of the Indian tribes, guarantees the freedom of their commerce and gives them a safe and common outlet to market for the surplus products of their industry, renders our union more firm and indissoluble, opens new sources of employment for the genius and enterprise of our people, and furnishes new avenues to wealth and prosperity. Had not the United States acquired a complete jurisdiction over this extensive country at the very juncture that they did, and the plan of colonizing Louisiana had been carried into effect by France, the consequences would have been fatal to our peace, tranquility and the existence of union itself. The western states would have been exposed to commercial restrictions and exactions and might have conceived that a cession from the union would have been a source of prosperity and advantage. Jealousies and antipathies would have been excited, and the spirit of discontent and animosity would eagerly have been cherished by the nations of Europe, who view, with an invidious eye, our increasing wealth population and commerce. Different members of this flourishing republic, would have been arrayed against each other as rivals and enemies. The bloody banner of war would have been unfurled, and we should have been convulsed by internal commotion—The union of the States would inevitably have been dissolved, and the constitution, the anchor of our hopes, the rock of our political salvation, would have been subverted and destroyed. But happily for the people of America, all their calamities have been averted by the acquisition of Louisiana, and we may yet indulge the intoxicating hope of seeing the refinement and happiness of a golden age realized in the United States. When it is remembered, that this important acquisition has been made by the mild means of peace and negotiation, that the blood and treasure of our country, has not been needlessly expended to gratify the designs of ambition; that the enlightened statesmen who now administer our government, preferred peace and negotiations to levies, contributions, taxes, war, and all that hideous train of calamities which war engenders; we ought to pay them the tribute of thanks and gratitude for their devotion to the true interests of their country; their inviolable attachment to the revered cause of republicanism. They justly regard war, as one of the great engines employed by despotism to accomplish its diabolical purposes, as the scourge of a republic, and the monster that devours the public liberty, and the public happiness. When we cast our eyes on the most civilized and cultivated nations of Europe, and see man every where compelled to bow down to power and authority, his faculties benumbed by oppression, and his energies destroyed; we ought to take a solemn warning from their example, and by avoiding their policy, endeavor to escape the mournful catastrophe into which they have fallen. When, fellow citizens, we contrast our former humble and dependent situation, with our present independence, prosperity and happiness; when we behold our daily and rapid improvements in the sciences and arts, in agriculture and commerce, and every thing which can add to the strength, wealth and refinement of a nation; and recollect that every man throughout the extensive country of the United States, however mean his birth, is equally protected with the rich and aspiring. Lording, in the enjoyment of his liberty and property; we ought to make oblations of gratitude to the genius that presides over our destinies. When it is remembered, that we are now in possession of a country of boundless extent and inexhaustible fertility, with "land enough for our posterity, to the thousandth and thousandth generation;" are impregnable to foreign invasion, while we remain United; are in the full enjoyment of our liberty; have a growing and extensive commerce; are at peace with all the world, except one of the piratical states of Barbary; are living under a mild government adopted by the majority of the people, and which is now administered by a
citizen the most celebrated for talents, the most revered for his patriotism, and the most tried for his integrity; we should all unite in acclamations of joy. Let us then fellow citizens join heart and hand and proceed to the board of mirth and conviviality, and pour out libations to sentiments of liberty. Let us cherish with enthusiastic rapture the recollection of the great event which has elevated us to the rank of a free and independent people, and pledge ourselves to each other and the world, that we will preserve from profanation the sacred temple of liberty; and that the rich inheritance which has been purchased by the blood of our martyrs, shall be handed down unimpaired to posterity.
LYNCHBURG.
THURSDAY JULY 3, 1806.
Of original subscribers to the Star , hundreds (terms notwithstanding) have not yet paid one cent, and considerable sums are already due for jobs and advertisements, through indulgence, which 'tis apprehended, we shall, however reluctantly, be obliged, in certain cases, to consider ill judged .—Many have not paid for want of opportunity; others from a supposition that, "the trifling sum of three dollars, can, at no time, be of moment, or may at any time, equally well suit the Editor." If, however, the matter be viewed in its true light; and when it is considered of what importance the aggregate amount would be, more especially when printers, like other folks, must eat —and that printing materials are cash articles, and must be paid for, we flatter ourselves, that every publisher, possessed of a liberal mind, and others indebted to the establishment, far from taking this hint amiss, will cheerfully seek early conveyances to this place, and— pay what they owe .
Worms.
(COMMUNICATED.)
SIR....The striped worm or caterpillar, which lately made its appearance in divers parts of the country, and threatened destruction to our grain crops and artificial grasses, have suddenly disappeared.
Their progress and transmutation have been watched and noticed, and I apprehend, we shall have no great cause to be further alarmed on their account.—Their enemies are numerous, and some of them powerful—While in their caterpillar state they are perished by an Ichneumon insect about an inch and a half long, with forceps resembling the bi wing beetle, vulgarly called the black billy; it is an active, fierce insect, and can move quickly thro' the ground like a mole. I put one of them into a glass tumbler with some mould for it to hide in, and put ten or twelve of the caterpillars at a time in with him, the whole of which he would devour in the course of the day. Numbers were destroyed by hogs and birds, and not a few by the ants; but their greatest enemy is a greyish fly, somewhat larger than the common house fly, which it much resembles. This fly deposits eggs on the back of the caterpillar a little below the head where it hatches, and makes its way into the body of the caterpillar, which it destroys, and continues therein during its maggot state, and when ripe for a change, eats its way thro' the skin of the purid carcass, rolls itself in the dust, and presently becomes an aurelia for a fly again.
I had three glasses; in the first I put the Ichneumon, and fed him with ten or twelve worms a day, as long as they could be procured; he then perished for want of food.
In the second glass I put several caterpillars which had no eggs on their backs, and fed them with grains till they shed their coats and became aurelias, in which state they remained about eight days when they assumed the butterfly form, similar to those to be found about our candles in the summer evenings, if not the very same.
In a third glass I put some which had eggs on their backs; (it was observed by many people that most of the caterpillars had from one to four or five small eggs on their backs) these were also fed with blades of grass, until they tickened and died, one after another, and became purid, and would have been thrown away, had they not been found to contain something hard and lumpy within; and one day while viewing them, as one seemed to have an uncommon appearance, it was taken out and laid upon a piece of paper, and in a few minutes two maggots made their way from different parts; they appeared to be very unready, and strove hard to get from the paper as fast as they could; they were therefore dropped into the glass with mould at the bottom, and immediately upon falling into the dust, rolled themselves up and began to assume the aurelian state, and in five or six days more became the fly above mentioned.—It will be remembered by every one that where the caterpillar was most abundant, that the fly here described abounded also. Several people have observed to me, that their numbers were such, as to create a noise like that of bees when swarming, and thought that they were the parents of the caterpillar, instead of the destroyer—Let infidels reflect, and revere the ways of superintending providence!
June 25, 1806.
"In the vulgar sense of the word, a tyrant is a king who governs by force and without regard to justice or the laws. In the more precise or determinate sense, it means any individual who assumes the royal authority, without having a right
to it. In this latter sense the Greeks understood the word tyrant; and gave it indiscriminately to good and bad princes whose authority was not legal. Thus Tyrant and Usurper are two words perfectly synonymous."
"To give different names, however, to different things, I call the usurpation of regal authority, tyranny , and that of sovereign power, despotism . The tyrant is he who takes upon himself, contrary to law, to govern according to law; and the despotic chief, one who places himself above the laws themselves. Thus a tyrant cannot be despotic, though a despotic prince must always be a tyrant."
Several of the ancients have given fanciful definitions of Man . Plato defines him to be a reasoning animal ; Diogenes the hairless animal ; and Aristotle, an animal with two legs and no feathers , which last would have applied to a goose in the market. A London debating society has gone farther. A question was some time since started in one of them,— What is Man? One of the speakers bro't forth a new definition. Man (lays he) is a tax-paying animal . And he so well convinced his auditory, that he received a unanimous vote of thanks.
A Curious Physiological Fact.
Although the Cow has been universally considered, and classed among the gruminivorous animals, the following fact, which can be attested by three Gentlemen of respectability, who were eye witnesses, will at least form an exception to that rule of classification. They were riding thro' a large pasture field, in Baltimore county in which a number of Cows were grazing, when their notice was attracted by the screams of young birds, and on a more minute attention, they discovered a brace of young larks, barely fledged, which had been driven from the parent's nest by one of the Cows, by which they were instantly pursued, and after the hesitation of a moment, seized and actually devoured them..... Bait. pap.
From the Hampshire Gazette.
MR. BUTLER.
Agr culture being the employment of a great part of mankind, the grand question is how we may cultivate our lands to the best advantage. Having the last year made an experiment by putting Plaister of Paris on Potatoes , I have thro' it might be advantageous to the interest of agriculture to communicate it through the medium of your paper.
The experiment I have made by putting about a table spoonful of the plaister to each hill of potatoes which was put on the latter part of June, on about every fourth row. I soon found the vine of those that were plaistered, to assume a different colour, and the stalk to grow much larger, and in greater quantities. When I came to pull them in autumn, I had more than double the quantity. The potatoes were of a much better quality, & much larger. As potatoes are of great use to farmers in fattening swine and beef cattle, I would recommend it to those people who use the plaister, to make the experiment for themselves, by plaistering the potatoes soon after their first hoeing.
JUSTON FORWARD.
Belche town, May, 1806.
A method of obtaining fresh blown flowers in the winter, any day you please.
Chose some of the most perfect buds of the flowers you wish to preserve, such as are latest in blowing and ready to open; cut them off with a pair of scissors, leaving to each, if possible, a piece of the stem about three inches long; cover the end of the stem immediately with Spanish wax, and when the buds are a little shrunk and wrinkled, wrap each of them up separate ly in a piece of paper, perfectly clean and dry, and lock them up in a dry box or drawer, and they will keep without corrupting.
In winter or any other time when you would have the flowers blow, take the buds the over night, and cut off the ends of the stems sealed with Spanish wax, and put the buds into water, wherein a little nitre or salt has been infused, and the next day you will have the pleasure of seeing the buds open and expand themselves, and the flowers display their most lovely colours, and breathe their agreeable odours.
NATURAL HISTORY..... There is now a cat in Lancaster that is nursing two mice which she caught, with the same care she would bestow on kittens.—This very peculiar circumstance is attributed to her own kittens having been taken from her a few days before, and drowned. The extraordinary propensity of the cat in question, may, perhaps, have originated in the cause thus assigned; but we have known an instance of a cat which had no kittens, having manifested a similar attachment to mice. In the case just alluded to the cat had only to mew at the holes leading to the retreats of the mice, and she was instantly surrounded by a whole family of them. If any stranger entered the apartment where this singular scene occurred, the cat shewed the utmost anxiety to hasten and protect their retreat..... Lancaster Paper.
PHILADELPHIA FASHIONS FOR JUNE.
The Thermometer at 85.
The taste discovered in the head dresses of the Ladies, including the equipment of their straw bonnets, and hats with various coloured ribbons and flowers, is truly pleasing; their loose flowing body dresses are also inviting, where too much pains is not taken either to suppers or force natural appearances. The part called the waist, and which used to be admired, has disappeared, and we are left to conjecture where it may be found.
An entire metamorphosis has taken place in the shapes of our young Gentlemen, owing to the make and wear of their small clothes and trowsers. The prominence that was formerly contained in a
vest, or jacket, has found its way into a pair of wide pantaloon, making a correspondent swell or protuberance in front and rear; and these are made the more conspicuous by a short jacket, that merely covers the breast and shoulders; in fact the appearance of some is so remarkable, that if one of their grandmothers could now see them, she would conclude they were ready to tumble to pieces.
U. S. Gazette.
A Lexington (Ken.) paper of the 20th ult. contains the following important paragraph.—"Report says, that orders have been sent to Gen. Wilkinson, to descend the Mississippi immediately to Fort Adams, with all the troops stationed at St. Louis, in consequence of apprehensions from the Spaniards."
A BRITISH CUTTER IN THE BAY. Capt. Harrod, arrived at this port, was fired at several times, and brought to by a sloop under English colours, on Saturday last, about two leagues from Marblehead, but was permitted to proceed without being boarded. He could not learn her name. Capt. Tucker, arrived at Salem, was also boarded by the same privateer, who examined his papers, and broke open several letters. The commander informed Capt. T. that he should keep a good look out for a number of ships, of which he had a list. Capt. Chapman, arrived at Salem, from Gaudaloupe was fired at by the above vessel; a shot nearly cut his foremast off.
It is said a British frigate has likewise been seen in the bay.
We understand that the Squirrel, British sloop of war, is cruising off Boston bay..... Boston Paper.
GEN. MIRANDA SUCCESSFUL.
The Editor has been politely favored with the Political and Commercial Gazette of Hayti, of the 22nd of May, containing the following highly interesting letter from Gen. KIRKLAND, one of the commanders under Gen. MIRANDA.
(Translated for the Commercial Advertiser )
SOUTH AMERICA.
Extract of a letter from General Kirkland, from Cumana, the 19th of April, to his Haytian Friend.
My Dear Friend, Veni, Vidi, Vici , (I came, I saw, I conquered,) was the motto of Cæsar; Bonaparte has lately applied it to himself; it has now become mine, thanks to the genius, who presides over liberty and independence.
To my great regret I cannot permit myself to enter into details which I had promised you, respecting the celerity of our operations, on account of the rapidity of the events which hurry us on; and the favorable opportunity which requires haste to take advantage of the terror which such successes imparts. Let it suffice to you for the moment to know that the Island of Santa Margareta, Barcelona, and Cumana are in our possession, and that at the moment I am writing to you, the army is suing off for Carracas. At every step we take, our army is increased by these illustrious unfortunates, who think that they behold, in the Generalissimo Miranda, a new Washington, who comes to re-establish them in their primitive state of liberty, which the barbarity of the Spaniards had ravished from them. There is not the shadow of doubt but that new successes will crown so holy an enterprise.
The Generalissimo desires to be remembered to you. His first Aide decamp, whom you well know, joins with the commander and myself in wishing you every kind of prosperity.
We request you instantly to communicate our progress to his Majesty, the Emperor of Hayti. Tell him that the first intelligence which we shall have the honor to give him, will be dated from Carracas.
Forget us not, my dear friend, and believe that as long as I live, I shall feel for you the most sincere affection.
Vive L'Independence! Vive la Liberte!
The General KIRKLAND.
An order has been issued by the Spanish government for removing all restraints from American vessels trading to the ports of South America.
HIGHLY INTERESTING.
We lately laid before our readers some extracts from a Pamphlet written in England, avowedly in defence of Neutral Rights, particularly as they regard the relations between England and the U. States. Many enquiries and conjectures have been made as to the author of this work. Some have even hinted that it is the production of a pen under the influence of Mr. Munroe, our minister at London; and of course are unwilling to admit that its doctrines and opinions can in any manner be considered as a criterion of the disposition and views of the New British Cabinet towards this country. We are extremely happy in being able to assure our readers and the American public generally that the author of this interesting work is no less a person than LORD HOLLAND, nephew of Mr. Fox, and that it has been issued in England with the view of preparing the public mind for the reception of certain liberal stipulations between that government and America, in which some important and advantageous principles will be ceded to us.
In our estimation of this article, we conceive it the most important intelligence that could be announced. Its authenticity is indisputable..... Phil. Gaz.
Dr. J. J. Giraud, of Baltimore, states, that he has discovered an infallible cure for the YELLOW FEVER ; Cattle soap he says is the basis of his specific. His declaration is supported by the certificates of about 100 persons, who have in the course of 5 years, been cured by his remedy..... Ed. Gaz.

Biography.
EXTRACT FROM BURK'S VIRGINIA.
[Character of Sir William Berkeley.]
The pillar that supported him (Sir William Berkeley) through so many misfortunes was now removed, and he sank at once into the grave, a venerable ruin, which had long nodded and bowed to every blast, but which contrary to every expectation, was propped and secured by the excellence of its materials, and the admirable harmony of its parts. The character of its architecture was Gothic, and several barbarous traces of the false taste, which prevailed in those days, were visible in many of its parts. The totum  en-  semble too, wanted something of the softened graces and just proportions of the classic orders; but there were nevertheless in it, an air of gloomy and solemn grandeur, for some time previous to its fall, which left a deep impression on the spectator; and though he could not, consistently with his judgement, approve either the plan or the execution, he could not help regarding it as a spectacle worthy to excite the liveliest interest, & to gratify the most ardent curiosity of the antiquary and the naturalist.
The historians of Virginia dwell with peculiar complacency on the virtue and accomplishments of the gentleman; and although they rarely manifest either the disposition or capacity to preserve the memory of their achievements, by skilful and striking portraits of their principal personages, we are indebted, on this occasion, to their zeal for some detached lineaments, which will serve to convey some faint traces of a true likeness.
Living in times of civil contention, when the great qualities of the understanding are boldly and rapidly developed, it is on all hands agreed that Sir William Berkeley was conscientiously attached to the principles of his party, and scrupulously observant of those finer touches of feudal or chivalric, which were thought to constitute its principal perfection. The republican party in England justified their opposition to the arbitrary measures of the court, by arguments and examples drawn from the Greek and Roman Commonwealths; and seeing that the instances of patriotism and self-denial were most numerous and conspicuous in those states where the manners of the people were plain and simple, they affected a Roman plainness in dress, and the Spartan severity of manners. The fortitude and polish visible in the followers of the court, and which were the offspring of wealth, of indolence, and privileges, were regarded with horror, as the causes and symptoms of a fatal and inevitable corruption of manners. The cavaliers, or as they styled themselves, the gentlemen of that day, on the other hand, piqued themselves on their lineage and descent, and modelled their manners on the gallant and adventurous knights, who freed Europe from dwarfs and giants, the ruthless proprietors of enchanted castles, and who rescued distressed beauty from the dungeons of enchanters and magicians.
To ardent and generous spirits, it must be confessed there was something fascinating in the example of those worthies, who freed the latter sex from the thralldom of a coarse and barbarous tyranny, and raised them from being the slaves of their husbands, to that equal rank, which they have since maintained, and which they continue to adorn by their virtues. It was seen, that the sphere of human happiness was enlarged by this liberality; that from this moment the connexion between the sexes became more lasting, more rational, and entering; and the men that were daily improving in humanity and virtue, under the soft and bewitching influence of beauty, rendered more interesting by the graces of culture and education.
It should be acknowledged too, that the gross and impronable taste of the feudal age was no longer acceded; so much only of the laws of knighthood and chivalry survived as served to keep alive and nourish a high and romantic honor. An English gentleman no longer relied on his pedigree and his lance, for the esteem of mankind. More copious and lasting sources of glory and estimation were discovered in the attainment of knowledge, and the distinction of society. The school theories were corrected and improved by experience, and that inimitable finish given by travel, so necessary in the forming the fine gentleman.
Unfortunately for the world, those noble qualities were lessened, if not wholly obscured by some of the causes, which contributed to produce them. They saw the accomplishments, so precious in their estimation almost exclusively confined to aristocracy; and they rashly concluded, that the people at large, rude and barbarous, unamiable & unlettered, were utterly incapable of self government. The privileged orders appeared, by their intellectual superiority, to be pointed out by heaven as the governors, & it seemed little short of impiety to resist them. Hence their attachment to royalty. The king, in point of riches, and descent, and power, and learning, was supposed to be the first gentleman in the nation, and they idolized in their chief, the supposed image of their own accomplishments.
Amongst a class, where all were distinguished, Sir William alone conspicuous and distinguished: and although his actions were achieved in far remote and obscure a corner of the empire, that the parent state almost forgot its existence, amid the shocks of repeated revolutions, he has afforded the most conspicuous proofs of disinterested fidelity and successful courage. We see him, when the hopes of the royal party were extinguished, in every other quarter, by the genius of Cromwell and designs of the republic, set himself in array on the banks of
James River, with his scanty means, against the most formidable power in Europe. Overpowered at length, by numbers, he forces from his enemies the most liberal terms, having augmented, rather than diminished, by his capitulation, the privileges of the colony. Henceforth he is heard of no more, till starting from his retirement, and seconding the popular impulse, he overturns the protector's government within the colony, and proclaims the second Charles. So that he had the good fortune to be the last to abjure his allegiance to royalty, and the first to renew it.
It were to be wished, that the remainder of the portrait for the honor of our nature, could be made to correspond. It would at least furnish a pleasing picture of courage and fidelity; and although the main actions of the original were projected on a scale of erroneous policy and mistaken honor, but one opinion could be entertained of the qualities of his heart and the graces of his manner. But we are afraid that such a correspondence would destroy all likeness. In the suppression of Bacon's rebellion, he has been accused of acting a spirit of revenge and cruelty. His declining years were tainted with avarice, and stained with innocent blood: his deportment as governor was haughty, insolent, and repulsive. It may be urged, that these charges are irreconcilable with the character of a noble and severe virtue, which has been unanimously ascribed to Sir William Berkeley. I cannot help it—I must only say that these historians were either ignorant of facts, or they were unwilling to speak the truth. They speak only of the morning of his power, when he merited, by his virtues and urbanity, the character they ascribe to him. They saw nothing of the meridian terror of his beams; or when lurid or portentous, he set in sea of blood.
But such revolutions are neither rare nor uncommon in the human character. We must no longer look for those graces and virtues in this man, that once made him the idol of the people's love; that transported them into rebellion, or reclaimed them into allegiance. Age had blunted the fine edge of sensibility, and obscured that inimitable polish of manners whose fascination was long remembered with delight and admiration. What had been spared by age and infirmities, opposition had enflamed into madness; and all that remained of the accomplished cavalier of the year 1640, was a feeble and wrinkled old man; fretful and sullen, captious and overbearing: whose feebleness and petulance were those of a child, whose wrath and cruelty were those of a tyrant.
ASSASSINATION OF PAUL,
Late Emperor of Russia. FROM CARR'S NORTHERN SUMMER.
IT was the custom of the Emperor to sleep in an outer apartment next to the Empress's, upon a sopha, in his regimentals and boots, whilst the grand Duke and Duchesses, and the rest of the Imperial family, were lodged at various distances, in apartments below the story which he occupied. On the 10th day of March, (O. S.) 1801, the day preceding the fatal night, whither Paul's apprehension, or the anonymous information, suggested the idea, is not known, but conceiving that a storm was ready to burst upon him, he sent to Count P. the governor of the city, one of the noblemen who had resolved on his destruction: "I am informed, P—," said the emperor, "that there is a conspiracy on foot against me; do you think it necessary to take any precaution?" The Count, without betraying the least emotion, replied, "Sire, do not suffer such apprehensions to haunt your mind; if there were any combinations forming against your majesty's person, I am sure I should be acquainted with it." "Then I am satisfied," said the emperor, and the governor withdrew. Before Paul retired to rest, he unexpectedly expressed the most tender solicitude for the empress and his children, kissed them with all the warmth of farewell fondness, and remained with them longer than usual: and after he had visited the centinels at their different posts, he retired to his chamber, where he had not long remained, before, under some colourable pretext that satisfied the men, the guard were changed by the officers who had the command for the night, and were engaged in the confederacy. An hussar, whom the emperor had particularly honored by his notice and attention, always at night slept at his bed room door in the anti-chamber. It was impossible to remove this faithful soldier by any fair means. At this momentous period, silence reigned throughout the palace, except where it was disturbed by the pacing of the centinels, or at a distance by the murmurs of the Neva, and only a few lights were to be seen distantly and irregularly gleaming through the windows of this dark colossal abode. In the dead of the night, Z—, and his friends, amounting to eight or nine persons, passed the draw bridge, easily ascended the stair case which led to Paul's chamber, and met with no resistance till they reached the anti-chamber, when the faithful hussar, awakened by the noise, challenged them, and presented his fusée; much as they must have admired the brave fidelity of the guard, neither time nor
circumstances would admit of an act of generosity, which might have endangered the whole plan. Z—, drew his sabre and cut the poor fellow down.—Paul, awakened by the noise, sprang from his sopha; at this moment the whole party rushed into his room; the unhappy sovereign anticipating their design, at first endeavored to entrench himself in the chairs and tables, then recovering he resumed a high tone, and told them they were his prisoners, and called on them to surrender.—Finding they fixed their eyes steadily and fiercely upon him, and continued advancing towards him he implored them to spare his life, declared his consent to relinquish the sceptre, and to accept of any terms which they would dictate. In his raving he offered to make them princes, and to give them estates, and titles, and orders, without end. They now began to press upon him, when he made a convulsive effort to reach the window: in the attempt he failed, and so high was it from the ground, that had he succeeded, the expedient would only have put a more instantaneous period to his misery. In the effort he very severely cut his hand with the glass; and as they drew him back he grasped a chair, with which he felled one of the assailants, and a desperate resistance took place. So great was the noise, that notwithstanding the masty walls, and thick double folding doors which divided the apartments, the empress was disturbed, and began to cry for help, when a voice whispered in her ear, and imperatively told her to remain quiet, otherwise, if she uttered another word, she should be put to instant death. Whilst the emperor was thus making a last struggle, the prince Y. struck him on one of his temples with his fist, and laid him upon the floor; Paul recovering from the blow, again implored for his life; at this moment the heart of P—Y—relented, and upon being observed to tremble and hesitate, a young Hanoverian resolutely exclaimed, "We have passed the rubicon: if we spare his life, before the setting of tomorrow's sun we shall be his victims!" Upon which he took off his fish, turned it twice round the naked neck of the emperor, and giving one end to Z—, and holding the other himself, they pulled for a considerable time, with all their force, until their miserable sovereign was no more; they then retired from the palace without the least molestation, to their respective homes. What occurred after their departure can be better conceived than depicted; medical aid was resorted to but in vain; and upon the breathless body of the emperor fell the tears of his widowed empress, and children, and domestics; nor was genuine grief ever more forcibly or feelingly displayed than by him on whose brow this melancholy event had planted the crown. So passed away this night of horror, and thus perished a prince, to whom nature was severely bountiful.—The acuteness and pungency of his feeling was incompatible with happiness: unnatural prejudice pressed upon the fire, too finely spun, and snapped it.
George W. Swiney was on Monday last called before the examining Court of this City, on the charge of poisoning his great Uncle, the venerable George Wythe and a servant boy. He was unanimously remanded to jail for further trial before the District Court to be held in September next. Vir. Gaz.
From the WINCHESTER GAZETTE.
A large quantity of marble stone, of different colors, has lately been discovered on the plantation of Mr. John Henckel, near Harper's Ferry. It is equal to the marble of Italy, or that of any other country.
THE JUDGE AND THE CARP.
TRANSLATED FROM THE FRENCH. A country gentleman, who kept a courtlet on his manor, had for a judge, a procureur of a neighboring town. Having little business to transact, the judge kept audience there but once a year, when it was a custom of the gentleman to invite his neighbors to dinner.
Once it happened to fall on a fast day; and the judge, on his arrival, finding no one in court, familiarly poked into the kitchen to see what belly-patch was preparing. The cook being absent, he had full leisure to reconnoitre every place; and at length casting his eyes on a vessel full of water, he beheld a great number of living carp; a spectacle which afforded him infinite pleasure. Finding himself so very conveniently alone, and wily thinking of the next day, he resolved to take one of them, on firm persuasion that tho' it should be missed, no one would suspect him: thus resolved, he put it in his breeches, concluding that his pocket would be too insecure a place.
After this he returned to the hall, where the company were beginning to assemble; and it so happened, being in the winter, that the judge was placed opposite the fire, in the midst of a numerous assemblage of beautiful women. The better to disguise his theft, he placed his robe over his breeches; presently, however, the carp feeling the warmth of the fire, began to be in some degree agitated, which one of the ladies perceiving, she laughed merrily, and said, "I have a carp in my breeches, and it is swimming!"
The other ladies, among whom a general whisper commenced, shortly after joined the laugh, peeping now and then at the animated breeches of the judge, but without guessing at the real cause which put them into motion. His worship was at first surprised at the uncommon merriment which prevailed, but, tracing the occasional glances of the ladies, his wonder ceased. He was not to be easily disconcerted; "I know very well ladies," said he, "that you laugh at me, I shall therefore immediately let you see the occasion of it." The judge giving signs that he was in earnest, his fair audience rose up in the greatest consternation, and half covered their eyes, but he jocularly begged them not to be alarmed, and taking the carp from its strange abode, "Here ladies," cried he, "is the innocent object of your terror, but I will lay a wager that none of you imagined it to be a fish!" The men now in their turn laughed heartily at the occurrence, and the ladies, during the remainder of the day, were rallied very successfully.
[FROM A LONDON PAPER.] LONGEVITY OF WOMEN IN CHINA.
A Correspondent, to whom we are indebted for many similar favors, has sent us the following curious extract from a Chinese Journal, in a collection of Letters from a Jesuit who resided in China, to one of his religious brethren in France:—
In the year 1725, the wife of the Emperor YONG-CHIN having distributed her charitable favors to poor women above seventy years of age, it appeared from an exact register kept in the province of Canton alone, that, among those who partook of her bounty, there were 98 220 women above seventy years of age, 48 893 above eighty, and 3 453 about a hundred years old.
We are the more astonished at this fact, because though the mildness of the climate, the general fertility of the soil, and the simplicity of diet that prevails in China, must contribute a great deal both to population and longevity; yet the absurd dress or rather bandages of female children from their birth, and particularly the violent pressure of their feet to prevent growth, and of course destroy the future power of proper exercise, cannot but be extremely unfavorable to the enjoyment of health and long life.
We therefore think it very likely, that the women above mentioned, though described as Chinese, were really of Tartar origin, brought up to the free exercise of their limbs, and unfettered by the shackles of any custom repugnant to nature. The Tartar women, or as they are called in China, the broad faced women, are more active, much healthier, and live a great deal longer than the crippled Chinese, who may be strictly said to totter from the cradle to the grave.
And, as to the boasted population of China, we strongly suspect the general accounts of it to be incorrect. We are far from questioning Sir George Stantons veracity; but we may be allowed to suppose that, like many other superficial observers, he formed his judgement of all China by what he saw in the neighbourhood of the largest towns, to which nine tenths of the people fly for employment, subsistence, and trade. We cannot believe it possible that population should increase in any country, where the cries of murder are heard with indifference; where a husband may with impunity butcher his wife, and where the cruel avarice of some parents and the distresses of others are encouraged by the permission of the law, and by the force of example, to destroy their female children.
An Irish Gentleman wrote a piece of Poetry on the victory off Trafalgar, which he prefaced, by saying, "This, I hope, will be considered as a good impromptu, as it has taken me many days to write it."
A finished coquette, at a ball, asked a gentleman near her, whilst she adjusted her rucker—whether he could flit a fan, which she held in her hand. "No madam," said he, proceeding to use it, "but I can fan a flirt."
One Cent Reward,
RAN away from the subscriber the 19th day of May last, an apprentice boy named John Higgans, about thirteen years old, spare made, and light hair, I hereby forwarn all persons from employing or harbouring said boy at their peril.—I will give the above reward to any person who will deliver him to me in Lynchburg, but will pay no charges.
GEORGE SULLIVAN. June 31.—1806. 3w
THE celebrated HORSE PEACE-MAKER is offered for sale upon one, two, and three years credit; for further particulars, those who are disposed to purchase, are referred to Messrs. Howard Bennett and Thomas Jones.
IN obedience to a decree of the Court of Amherst County to us directed; on Friday the 8th day of August 1806, at the House of Thompson Noell in New Glasgow, we the subscribers, commissioners therein appointed, will proceed to sell by way of public auction, to the highest bidder, for the best price that can be had in ready money, the lands and premises in said decree mentioned, containing one hundred and sixty seven acres, lying on the waters of Piney river in said County, held at present by the representatives of Thomas Crawley.
David S. Garland. Joel Franklin. } Commrs. John B. Rose. James Woods.
Notice,
IS hereby given, that on the 5th day of January in the year of our Lord 1807, will be exposed to public sale on the several premises, in Bedford County, the following Lands, Mills, and Slaves, to wit: one tract of
LAND
about two hundred and twenty three acres, purchased by Joseph Nichols from L. Woodward.—Also, one hundred acres of
LAND
lying near the Ivy Mills; conveyed by Jos. Poindeexter of said county to Joseph Nicholls by Deed bearing date 23d July, 1803, an' also on the same day on the premises, will be exposed to like sale the Ivy Mills and one acre of LAND, on which the same are built, in said county, by said Poindeexter to said Nicholls by Deed bearing date the day and year last aforesaid, also on the same day at the said Ivy Mills will be exposed to like sale the following Slaves, to wit: CAESAR, ISAAC, CLARY, JUDE, MILLY, and RACHEL, the property of Joseph Nicholls, and by him conveyed to the subscriber by Deed bearing date the 23d day of July, 1803, to secure the payment of sundry bonds executed to said Joseph Poindeexter, as the same shall become due and payable and more particularly described in said Deed, or so much of the same as shall be necessary to raise the sum of four hundred and fifty-four pounds, thirteen shillings and ten pence, with interest and the costs of sale, &c. The sale to begin at 10 o'clock, at the Ivy Mills, and to continue according to the provisions of said Deed, until so much of said lands and slaves shall be sold as shall amount to the monies aforesaid.
THOMAS WIATT, Trustee. July 4.—1806. 6m.
WILL be exposed to sale before the Tavern door of Thompson Noell in the town of New Glasgow on Saturday the 2d day of August, for ready money, one NEGRO MAN named SQUIRE, the property of Wiatt Smith of the County of Amherst, in pursuance of a deed of Trust executed to the subscriber by said Smith, for the purpose of securing a debt due James Floyd.
William Armistead, Trustee. June 27, 1806. idf
THE SUBSCRIBER is now opening in one of Dr. JOHN LYNCH's Brick Tenements, near the Market House, lately occupied by Lueder, Deison, & Co. a handsome assortment of
DRY GOODS
suitable to the present season, among which are a variety of Muffins, Cambricks, Chintzes, Calicoes, Lady's Bonnets, Irish & German Linen,
Nankeens, Dimities, Cotton Cassimeres, and many other articles too tedious to enumerate—Likewise
GROCERIES,
Fresh Teas, Loaf & Brown Sugars
Coffee, Rum, and Whiskey, which he now offers uncommonly low for ready payments.
EDWARD DUFFEL.
TAKEN up by col. Wm. Callaway at his plantation on Elk creek in Bedford County, a bay horse about four feet ten or eleven inches high, supposed to be about thirteen years old, branded on the near buttock Z. and on the off shoulder O. both hind feet white; also a small Star his forehead, and shod all round, appraised to Seventy Dollars, by JAMES STEPTOE JOHN NORTH. HENRY BROWN.
Bedford County to wit:
The above sworn to before me this 10th day of May, 1806. DAVID SAUNDER
A Copy. Teste, I STEPTOE C. B. C. 31.

Charlotte Court, 6th May, 1805. Charles Haraway, Plf. AGAINST Luke Hazlewood, & John Jackson. Dfs. IN Chancery. THE defendant Hazlewood not having entered his appearance according to the act of Assembly and the rules of this Court, and it appearing to the satisfaction of the Court, that he is not inhabitant of this State.—On the motion of the plaintiff by his attorney, it is ordered that he appear here on the first day of August Court next, and answer the plaintiff's bill, and give security to the satisfaction of the court or performing the decree of the said court.—That a copy of this order be inserted in one of the Virginia Gazettes for two months successively, and posted at the front door of the court-house of the said county.
A Copy—Teste Thomas Read, C. C. C.
VIRGINIA Sc. At a Court held for Bedford County at the Court house the 26th day of May, 1806.
Matthew Hall, Compt. AGAINST Magdalen Hall, widow and relict of John Hall, dec'd. John Hall, William Hall, Ezekiah Hall, Eliza Hall, Shadrach Brown, and Tabitha his wife late Tabitha Hall, Benjamin Musgrove, and Keziah his wife, late Keziah Hall, and Jesse Hall, John Hall and Joel Hall—infant children of Jesse Hall, dec'd. heirs, copartners and representatives of said John Hall dec'd. Dfs.
THE defendants John Hall and William Hall not having entered their appearance, and given security according to the act of Assembly and the rules of this court; and it appearing to the satisfaction of the court that they are not inhabitants of this country: On the motion of the complainant by his counsel, it is ordered, that the said defendants do appear here on the fourth Monday in August next, and answer the bill of the said complainant, and that a copy of this order be forthwith inserted in some one of the new papers published in this commonwealth for two months successively, and posted up at the front door of the Court-house on two successive Court days.
A Copy.—T. A. JA: STEPTOE, C. B. C.
Notice,
IS hereby given to all whom it may concern, that a Petition will be presented to the next General Assembly of Virginia, praying that body to form a new District of Jurisdiction; to be composed of the Counties of Montgomery, Botetourt, and Bedford; and to erect the Court house for the same in the healthy and growing Town of Salem, in the county of Botetourt, on the great Stage road leading from Philadelphia, Baltimore, and Richmond, to the western country.—This place will be near the centre of the district, with five roads to it from almost every direction. May 20,—1806. 6w
A Gold Watch Lost.
LOST on Thursday, the 11th of July, in the Town of Carterville, an ELEGANT GOLD WATCH, half capped and jewelled; horizontally contrived; Makers name, MAR-GEITS, London, No. 1. Gold chain, key, and Cornelian seal, set in gold. Whoever will deliver the said Watch, &c. to Mr. Samuel Irvine, of Lynchburg, or Mr. Edmund W. Rootes, of Richmond, or to the subscriber, in Amherst, shall receive thirty dollars reward. ALEXANDER B. ROSE. September 23, 1805.
DEED OF TRUST from Henry Millirous to John Ward, bearing the 20th day of January, 1806. A tract or parcel of LAND lying and being in the county of Bedford on M'Daniel creek, whereon the said Henry Millirous now lives, containing one hundred and fifty acres be the same more or less. A Copy. Teste. J. STEPTOE, C. B. C. 8w
Advertisement.
WILL be sold on the 11th day of August next the following property to wit: about two hundred and twenty-three acres of LAND, the property of Joseph Nicholls, lying in the lower end of Bedford County, on the premises also one hundred acres of LAND, lying near the Ivy Mills in said county, also the said Ivy Mills and one acre of ground on which they are built, also the following SLAVES to wit: Ceter, Isaac, Clary, Jude, Milly, and Rachael, the property of said Nicholls, conveyed to me in Trust to secure the payment of several sums of money as by said Deed more fully appears.—The sale of the last mentioned tract of land, will be on the premises, that of the Ivy Mills, and Slaves at the said Ivy Mills.
THOMAS WIATT, Trustee. June 10th, 1806. 8t
Memo, the sale of the above mentioned property has been postponed by consent of parties to the day above mentioned, when it will certainly be sold, unless the said Nicholls shall before that time pay the debt aforesaid.
FOR SALE.
A Valuable Estate in Henry County on the Horse Pasture Creek known by the name of Jordan's Choice containing 1000 acres of the old survey, all of which is of prime quality; adjoining is a new survey of 86 acres well timbered, and on the opposite side of the plantation, 500 acres which tho' it does not join, is sufficiently near and convenient to furnish the necessary supplies of wood for fencing and fuel.
This plantation for 30 years last past has never rented for less than 7,500lbs. of Lynchburg crop inspected Tobacco, weighing 1250 or upwards per Hoghead—and during that period the rent was 500 dollars per annum.
At present, only one half of the cleared land is under lease for 5,250lb. of Tobacco.—Immediate possession of the residue will be given, and further particulars made known by the subscriber, who has also for sale ONE tract of land on Otter about 6 miles below Lestwick's Mill, at present occupied by Mrs. Vannerson, and containing about 320 acres.
ONE tract of land on Jennings creek in Botetourt, containing 300 acres—occupied by John Johnson. ONE Ditto.—Ditto—occupied by William Young, jun.—containing 200 acres. ONE Ditto.—Ditto unimproved, containing 400 acres.
ANDREW DONALD. Bedford County, Feb. 24,—1806. 4f
CHASE'S TRIAL.
This day is published BY SAMUEL H. SMITH. TRIAL OF SAMUEL CHASE. An ASSOCIATE JUSTICE of the Supreme Court of the United States, IMPEACHED. By the House of Representatives, for HIGH CRIMES AND MISDEMEANORS, before the Senate of the United States.
Taken in short hand By SAMUEL H. SMITH & THOMAS LLOYD.
In two large Octavo Volumes—in Boards, price—to subscribers four dollars and a half—and to non-subscribers five dollars.
A much greater delay has been incurred in the publication of this trial than the Editor contemplated. He has, however, the satisfaction of saying that no effort has been omitted by him to give it to the public at an earlier period. The delay has arisen from the revision of the speeches of the Managers and Counsel. The publication might long since have been made in a less perfect dress; but it was deemed highly desirable that in a case, which, independently of its own importance, might be a precedent in future times, to sacrifice time rather than precision. The work now appears before the public with the expectation of the Editor that it will be considered as meriting the character of an impartial, comprehensive and faithful statement of facts. All the speeches have been revised, and inserted at length, in connection with whatever else formed a part of the trial. Federal City, March 24, 1806.
AT a Court continued and held for Amherst County the 21st day of May 1806.
Thomas Johnson, Cpl. AGAINST John Lynch, sen. John Lynch, jr. Andrew Lynch, Charles L. Terrell & Sarah his wife, Samuel Mitchell, sen. Samuel Mitchell, jr. Charles Mitchell, Edward Mitchell, and Charles Lynch, jr. Dfs. In Chancery.
The defendant Charles Lynch, jr. not having entered his appearance and given security according to the act of Assembly, and the rules of this court, and it appearing to the satisfaction of the court that he is not an inhabitant of this Commonwealth, on the motion of the complainant by his counsel, it is ordered, that the said defendant do appear here on the first day of August Term next, and answer the bill of the complainant, and that a Copy of this order be forthwith inserted in the Lynchburg Star, for eight weeks successively, and posted up at the front door of the court house of this county on some court day.
A Copy—Teste, S. GARLAND, D. C. A. C.
VIRGINIA Sc. At a Court held for Bedford County at the Court house the 27th day of May, 1806.
Joshua Feazle, Compt. AGAINST John James, William Robertson, and John Gibson. Dfs. In Chancery.
THE defendant John James not having entered his appearance and given security according to the act of Assembly and the rules of this Court, and it appearing to the satisfaction of the Court, that he is not an inhabitant of this country: On the motion of the complainant by his attorney, it is ordered that he appear here on the fourth Monday in August next, and answer the complainant's bill, and that a copy of this order be inserted in some convenient news paper published in this state for two months successively, and posted up at the front door of the Court-house of our said county on two successive court days.
A Copy, Teste, J. STEPTOE, jun. D. C. B. C.
At a Court of Quarterly Session continued by adjournment and held for Amherst County at the Court house on Thursday the 22nd day of May, 1806.
James Penn Executor of Gabriel Penn dec'd. Cpts AGAINST M'Dowell surviving partner of Buchanan and M c Dowell, Dfs. In Chancery.
THE defendant M'Dowell, not having entered his appearance and given security according to the act of Assembly, and the rules of this Court, and it appearing to the satisfaction of the Court that he is not an inhabitant of this country; on the motion of the complainant by his counsel, it is ordered that the said defendant do appear here on the third Monday in September next, and answer the bill of the complainant, and that a copy of this order be forthwith inserted in the Lynchburg Star for eight weeks successively, and posted at the front door of the Court house of this County on some Court day.
A Copy, Teste, WM. S. CRAWFORD, C. A. C. C.
FOR SALE,
A Tract of LAND,
CONTAINING One Hundred and Fifty Acres, lying on the main Road leading from Lynchburg to two public Ferries on Stantons river, in the county of Campbell, three miles from the Court house.—This place is considered to be an excellent stand for a Tavern or other public business.—The Land lies well, in a pleasant situation, and a considerable quantity of it good for Tobacco. There are eighteen acres cleared last winter and now under a good inclosure.—In case I do not sell privately prior to the first day of August next—on that day I will offer it at Public Sale on the premises.—One half Cash will be required, the balance in twelve months.—Otherwise I will Rent it for the term of Three years, together with Two likely NEGROES. ONE a Woman now in the prime of life, an excellent Cook and capable of any other sort of house business—the other a Boy sixteen years of age.—I will give liberty to clear such a quantity of Tobacco ground as shall be agreed on.—I shall shortly have necessary buildings for the convenience of a family, completed on the place.
Those in either case above mentioned, wishing to trade, are requested to apply to the proprietor refusing on the premises.
FRANCIS MILLER.
VIRGINIA:
At a Quarterly Court continued and held for Pittsylvania County the 20th day of May, 1806.
Robert Adams, Plf. AGAINST
Robert Devin surviving Executor of William Devin, dec'd. and Mary Biggers, William Devin, Robert Devin, William Devin, Lucy Devin, Suckey Devin, Bryan M. Devin, Peggy Devin, John Devin, Sally Devin, & Elizabeth Devin, Heirs of Joseph Devin, dec'd. by Bryan W. Nowlin their guardian, Hugh Reynolds, John D. Reynolds, Sarah Reynolds, William Reynolds, Mary Reynolds, Elizabeth Reynolds, Joseph Reynolds, Robert Reynolds, and Margaret Reynolds, by Jos. Reynolds their guardian, James Devin, Alexander Devin, Itham Hubbard, Peter H. Stockton, (Ralph Smith, Stella Smith, Camilla Smith, John Smith, and Samuel Smith, which said Ralph, Stella, Camilla, John and Samuel Smith are the children of Aggy Smith, formerly Aggy Stockton now dec'd. by John Smith their guardian,) John P. Stockton, James Stuart and Elizabeth his wife formerly Eliz Stockton, John Parish and Keziah his wife formerly Keziah Stockton, Edelle Stockton, Phebe Stockton, Jehubod Stockton, Lemuel Stockton, Patsy Stockton, and Hiram Stockton, heirs of John Stockton dec'd. Dfs.
THE defendants Alexander Devin, James Devin, Itham Hubbard, and Peter H. Stockton, not having entered their appearance and given security, according to the act of Assembly and the rules of this Court, and it appearing to the satisfaction of the Court, that they are not inhabitants of this State; on the motion of the plaintiff by his counsel, it is ordered that the said absent defendants do appear here on the third Monday in August next, and answer the plaintiff's Bill, and that a copy of this order be forthwith published in some one of the news papers of this State for 8 weeks successively, and posted up at the front door of the Court house of this county on some court day.
A Copy, Teste, WILL. TUNSTALL, C. P. C.
At a Court held for Franklin County, at the Court House, the 6th day of May 1806.
Enock Brower, Plf. AGAINST Charles Crabaugh & Henry Brower Dfs. In Chancery.
The defendants not having entered their appearance and given security according to the act of Assembly, and the rules of this Court, and it appearing to the satisfaction of the Court that they are not inhabitants of this Commonwealth, on the motion of the Plaintiff by his Counsel, it is ordered that the said defendants do appear here on the first Monday in September next, and answer the Plaintiff's bill, and that a Copy of this order be forthwith inserted in some news paper published in this state, for eight weeks successively, and posted up at the front door of the Courthouse of this county.
A Copy—Teste, CALEB TATE, D. C. For JAMES CALLAWAY, C. F. C.
AT a Quarterly Session continued and held for Amherst County, at the Court house, on Wednesday the 21st day of May, 1806.
Parmenas Bryant, Cpt. AGAINST John M. Griffin and James Stevens jr. Dfs. In Chancery.
The defendant John M. Griffin not having entered his appearance and given security according to the act of Assembly, and the rules of this court, and it appearing to the satisfaction of the court that he is not an inhabitant of this country, on the motion of the complainant by his counsel, it is ordered that the said defendant do appear here on the third Monday in September next, and answer the bill of the complainant, and that a Copy of this order be forthwith inserted in the Lynchburg Star, for eight weeks successively, and posted at the front door of the court house of this county on some court day.
A Copy—Teste, WM. S. CRAWFORD, C. A. C. C.
THE PLANTER'S AND FARMER'S
ALMANACK
An ALMANACK to be thus designated, will be published annually, in future, at the Star-Office, Lynchburg, and will be ready for delivery for the accommodation of country Merchants, and others, by whole sale or retail, early in every fall. Exclusive of customary matter, pains shall be taken to collect such facts, and such concise information relative to agricultural concerns, the influence and effects of the change of culture, seasons, and seeds, on certain lands, more especially in our own latitude, and climate—the improvements in the raising, management, and preservation of stock, crops, &c. &c. as may tend to promote individual interest, and the public good.
N. B. The astronomical calculations, for the ensuing year, will be by Benjamin Bates, of Hanover county, Virginia.
The omens, prognosticks, conjunctions, the prognosticks, the auguries, bold guesses, owl-eyed loquins, (vulgarly called "bird's eye glances")—the croakings, forebodings, predictions, &c. &c. &c. will be by a jet of Seers, Sages, and Wizards, eminent in their way, who to their immortal honour be it recorded, have, tho' to the manifest injury of their own health, and peace of mind, voluntarily, that is to say, of their own free will and accord, devoted their souls and bodies, to our concerns, for half a score moons at least!!!
BY virtue of a Deed of Trust executed to us by William Harris, late of the county of Bedford, to secure certain debts due to William Brown, & Co. and Brown, M c Credie, & Co. We shall on Saturday the 14th of June next, proceed to sell by way of public auction, a tract of
LAND,
Situated in Bedford county, on Elk creek, containing Two Hundred and Twenty Five Acres, more or less, adjoining and bounded by the lands of Joseph Slaughter, John North, Waddy Cobbs, Jesse Tait's Estate, and down Elk creek to the said Slaughter's line; the same being a part of a tract purchased of David Wright.
Also the following
SLAVES, to wit:
Rachel, Hannah, Rose, Harriet, Phebe, Jude, Joanna, Linda, Suke, Letts, Wallis and Pope.—The sale will take place on the Land, and for Ready Money.—A description of the Land is deemed to be unnecessary, as it is presumed that those who are disposed to purchase will make themselves acquainted with it.
N. B. The badness of the weather made it necessary to postpone the sale, but it will certainly take place on Friday the 11th Joly next, if fair, if not, on the next (legal) fair day.
William Callaway, Christopher Clark, John Dabney, } Trustees. May 10, 1806. (4w)
HYMNS.
Just published and for sale at the Star Office, (Price, Twenty Five Cents,) A choice selection of Hymns: This first part, contains the newest and so much admired Spiritual Songs practiced with such beneficial effects, during the late Camp, and other Meetings, in the counties of Amherst, and Bedford, and in the vicinity of Lynchburg.
GAMUTS
Also For Sale at this Office.
Bedford May Court, 1806. John Ward Plf. AGAINST Henry Millirous Dfs. In Chancery.
IT appearing to the satisfaction of the Court that a Copy of the interlocutory decree heretofore made in this cause hath been served on the defendant, and he having failed to appear and file his answer according to the terms thereof: It is ordered and decreed that the bill be taken for confessed, and that the defendant be forever barred and foreclosed of all equity of redemption, of, in and to, the land and its appurtenances in the bill mentioned, and that Thomas Lestwick, John Clayton, William Anderson, Mark Anthony, and Samuel Smith, or any three of them be appointed commissioners to sell the land and premises for ready money, and convey the same having advertised the sale thereof for eight weeks successively in some convenient news paper—and use of the money arising therefrom satisfy and pay the complainant the sums of money in the bill mentioned, to wit: the sum fifty five pounds four shillings and ten pence; and thirty five pounds nine shillings and ten pence farthing with interest thereon from the 20th of January 1804 till paid, and the costs of recording the Deed of Trust executed by the Defendant, the costs attending the advertisement and sale, and the costs of this suit—and the residue if any to the defendant or his legal representatives—and make report to Court.
A Copy, Teste, J. STEPTOE, C. B. C.