Norfolk gazette and publick ledger (Norfolk [Va.]), 1806-01-15 00:00:00

The following extract of a letter was put into our hands by a mercantile friend of this place, the writer is a captain of an American vessel, well known to the Editor of this paper, for his candour and veracity, and one who would not complain without cause, or exaggerate British depredations.
The letter is dated Antigua, 28th December.
"It was fortunate that I had not sold, and purchased a return cargo at Martinique, as much loss to you, and anxiety to me have been avoided. It would have been impossible for me to have eluded the vigilance of the British cruisers in these seas. A system has been adopted here, the most inequitous in itself, and ruinous to our trade that can be imagined. Every American vessel coming from a French Island, with cargo, is certain to be carried in, because the courts in every case, make us pay all expenses. I have informed myself fully on the subject, and know that the privateers out of this Island are ordered to bring every vessel from a French port, with cargo, in for trial, stating that matters are settled between the court and them that the expenses shall be paid in all cases by the Americans."
"The abuses to which we are subjected are intolerable; a junto consisting of the Judge, the Lawyers, the owners of privateers, and those who become our friends, when we are brought in, have laid their heads together to fleece us—we are sure to be put to great expense, the amount of which the Gentlemen share between. They appear to us to be opposed to each other, but they know how to divide the spoil. I got my information from one of the party, and what I see every day confirms the information I have received. It is a fact that several American vessels have been sent in here whose papers were never looked at, by those who sent them in—They were ordered to send them in, without regard to papers or documents, for the reasons before stated."
REMARKS ON THE DECREE OF GENERAL FERRAND.
This very extraordinary document received our serious attention when we first saw it, and it was our intention to have offered some observations upon it, which have been postponed until now.
After the most attentive and dispassionate examination, which we have been enabled to bestow upon this very extraordinary document, we are irresistibly drawn to the conclusion, that it cannot, nor ought not to be considered in any other point of view, than an authorized licence for the indiscriminate seizure and plunder of all American property, which the French cruisers may have the fortune to meet, and the ability to seize.
It is not within the scope of our design to enter into an examination of the propriety of commercial intercourse with the indigene inhabitants of the Island of St. Domingo. A discussion of this sort, would be equally unnecessary and unprofitable upon the present occasion. We will for the purpose of avoiding such discussions, admit that the indigene inhabitants, are what they are denominated by General Ferrand, revoked blacks and rebels.
Revolts and rebellions are nothing new in the political world, and consequently it is not at this time of day, to be determined, what course ought to be adopted by the lawful sovereign against the rebels, their abettors, and comforters. These matters are irrelevant to the present inquiry, and have incidentally been presented to our view. We will proceed to the examination of this extraordinary decree, which we are not to consider as the work of a subaltern agent, but as proceeding from the bureau of Talleyrand.
The first article directs that whenever there is fair ground for suspicion, the vessel and cargo must be sent into port. We admit that fair suspicion is always good ground for the belligerent to act upon, and will justify sending the neutral into port. But this fair ground for suspicion, is matter of sound discretion on the part of the belligerent, and for which he is, or ought to be responsible for the abuse of. The 12th article, in the true spirit of depredation, provides against the possibility of any damages being awarded against the commanders of French cruisers saying in other words to these licensed free-booters, "seize all that you can meet, you may gain but you shall not lose."
A separate examination of all the articles from the second to the tenth, would be waste of time, they exhibit the most unqualified authorization of indiscriminate seizure, and plunder, that was ever granted against the vessels of a power not at war.
The tenth article demands a more close and accurate investigation, it serves as an introduction to the subsequent articles, arrogating to the government of France the right of judging various descriptions of the citizens of the United States. This tenth article says that an exact account of all merchants, insurers, &c. shall be transmitted and deposited in one of their archives. The meaning of which is that if an American citizen has at any time been interested in the commerce of St. Domingo, either as master of a vessel, adventurer or underwriter, all the property of his, which can be found, is subject to confiscation. Here let us examine the operation of such a system. The trade to St. Domingo, was at first thought lawful; the authorities of our own country, have never pronounced it illegal. It has never undertaken to punish those concerned in that trade, in person or property. But a French agent undertakes to say, that he will punish, not those concerned in such trade only and when employed in such trade, but all who ever were, either as captains, owners, or underwriters. Under the operation of such a system, who can say that his property is safe? For it may hap-
pen that one of the parties, has been concerned in the trade to St. Domingo, but the others may not, yet all are confounded in one common punishment.—Has it come to this, that citizens of the United States, are to be adjudged & punished for offences by French tribunals, because they happen to be associated subsequently, with those, who that tribunal, wrongfully, or rightfully is pleased to consider guilty? Forbid it Independence!
We are now brought to the 11th and 12th articles, which we will here insert, and are as follows:—
"XI. A list shall be drawn up by the same magistrates, of the captain of privateers, merchants, insurers, captains supercargoes and others, connected by commercial relations with the rebels, and designated in the correspondence and documents deposited as proofs of the crime; at the head of this list, shall be named the captains of the privateers and the other persons interested in the vessels, taken in the act and condemned as such from their papers, either direct from the rebel ports, or verifying that they came from them by the custom-house discharge, &c. The same to be repeated every month."
"Copies of these lists shall be delivered to every cruiser bearing our letter of marque."
"XII. Every vessel, under whatever flag it may navigate, on board of which shall be found invoices, bills of lading, also other documents directed to one or more of the persons named on these lists ordered by the preceding article, shall be provisionally detained, without any regard to the distance of territorial sea, or certain extent of sea, in which she may be met with, and shall be carried into port to be examined. There, under the most exact search, which shall be made by the competent tribunals, it shall be adjudged whether there be any property in confiscation and condemnation, either of the vessel, or of the whole or of part of the cargo only; so that, in any case the captain captured shall not, recover from the privateer capturing, any indemnity on account of the deviation from his course, or of the hindrance to his voyage. The cost of the proceedings shall be at the captain's expense."
The 11th article gives directions for lists of the persons prescribed to be regularly furnished, but the 12th article gives the final polish to this left-handed declaration of war. By this article it is ordered, that "every vessel, under whatever flag it may navigate, on board of which shall be found invoices, bills of lading, and other documents directed to one or more of the persons named in the lists ordered by the preceding article, shall be provisionally detained without any regard to the distance of territorial sea, or certain extent of sea, in which she shall be met with &c."—Again says the same article, "so that in any case the captain captured shall not recover from the privateer, &c."
Although it is not without some difficulty, that indignation is restrained when this article is pursued, it is however our duty to examine its consequences, with the spirit of candid investigation. The eleventh article forms the standard of proscription, and the twelfth marks the victims. Under these two articles the Captains of French cruisers, are ordered to capture two thirds of all the vessels belonging to the United States; and in order to shew the effect, we will state one case. An American ship is bound from Canton to Boston, on board of which is a letter directed to a merchant at New-York, who has been concerned in the St. Domingo trade, for this letter being on board, she is liable to be sent into a French port, for examination, which however, to those who are not acquainted with these sort of captures, we would observe, is often equivalent to a total loss—But every person of information will agree, that in most cases the loss may be put down at fifty per cent. the more so, as in no case, shall the captured ships recover damages. To us it does appear that any comment upon this most arbitrary conduct is unnecessary.
We do not intend to offer any opinion upon the right of our citizens to the trade with St. Domingo. The opinion of government, although not expressed, is supposed to be unfriendly to that trade, and the arming bill passed at the last session of congress, may be considered as a side blow aimed at it. But this half way measure, like all temporizing measures, increased the mischief, it was intended to remedy. This law was intended to satisfy France, that the government of this country did not countenance that trade. Those who were engaged in this commerce, armed themselves more strongly, and put the force of France at defiance.—
We may be wrong, but it appears to us, that if the government had been sincere in its opposition, that it should have been announced in terms unequivocal, our citizens should have been warned that in pursuing that commerce, they were subject to penalties which a law for that purpose ought to leave ascertained. We shall not be surprised that France at some future day, will present reclamations to our government on this subject, for which if she cannot obtain satisfaction, they will be offered as offsets against compensation for those depredations which the present decree of general Ferrand indiscriminately invites upon the commerce of the United States. It is thus that our citizens whose property may be captured by cruisers, must relinquish all hope of compensation: it is therefore wise to prevent the mischief, and not to rely upon a remedy which affords no hope of relief. This decree is calculated to attack the commerce of this country indiscriminately upon pretexts as hath already been shewn, as frivolous in argument, as hostile in operation. An attack upon our citizens generally, is an attack upon our government, and the people are the same. It is true this decree of Talleyrand (and not of general Ferrand) affects to exonerate the government, for it says—"Considering that the custom-house officers in many parts of the United States of America, have the impudence "officially to despatch neutral vessels for ports occupied by the rebels, and that on many occasions "of this kind they have employed the signature of President Jefferson, without doubt deceitfully." This insidious proposition is not less so than it is ridiculous. It holds out the idea that the President is, perhaps, or as it is expressed, "without doubt," ignorant of any such trade, taking special care to qualify the assertion, so as to be ready to take an op-
posite ground, when circumstances may render it necessary. The writer of this decree knew well that no vessel can enter and clear from the custom-houses of the United States, without the knowledge of the President, and he well knew that the President has before him the official returns of not less than fifty vessels which have arrived in the United States, with cargoes from the ports occupied by the rebels. The object of this remark may be explained hereafter, but it is too ridiculous to merit further notice, and from which we pass to considerations of more importance.
The extent to which the depredations on our commerce may be carried, if this decree is acted upon, (and of which he that has any doubt, must have but little knowledge of the past) is not to be calculated upon. We consider that it amounts to an unqualified order for the seizure of any and all American vessels, which a French cruiser can meet and subdue, it is a revival of the same system which was pursued during the last war, with the addition of governmental sanction. During the last war, we know that the patience of the people and government became exhausted under repeated and extensive injury, we will not anticipate a submission on the part of government at this time. With a force competent to the annihilation of every French privateer that floats, it cannot be supposed, without insult to the administration, that the rights and interests of its constituents will not be protected against these authorized injuries. It may be said that this will produce war, admit it should, it does not follow that we ought not to defend ourselves against those, who we are able to resist. But we think that war would not happen, for France is not in a situation, if she has any regard for the safety of her colonies, to provoke the resentment of the United States. A manly attitude would produce what a similar position produced last war. It would compel her to respect our rights.
We do not wish war with France, but we cannot assent to that state of things which produces all the evils of war, without the means of resisting them.
The four French ships of the Line, taken by Sir Rich. J. Strachan, we observe, arrived in England the 14th November, not much injured in their hulls.
SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES.
FRIDAY, December 20.
Debate on the motion of Dr. Logan for leave to bring in a bill to suspend the commercial intercourse between the United States and St. Domingo.
(CONTINUED.)
Mr. Hillhouse said he hoped the question would be taken by yeas and nays, because he confidently expected there would be a great majority of the senate opposed to giving leave to bring in the bill, for he considered the measure not only as improper, but as ill-timed.
We are informed by the message of the President of the United States and the documents before us, that the depredations are made on our commerce on all quarters, and our citizens not only robbed of their property, but in some instances subjected to personal insult and injury; it is also well known that congress have received confidential communications from the President, and are deliberating with closed doors.—The general expectation is that something energetic and spirited will be done in defence of our neutral rights and national honour. How great will be the surprise if the first step taken by the senate of the United States is found to be a further restriction, or a total prohibition of a lawful and lucrative branch of our commerce? As to restricting or prohibiting this trade to St. Domingo (which no gentleman has produced a single authority from the law of nations to prove to be unlawful) for the purpose of securing our citizens from the personal insults and injuries to which they are exposed in the West Indies, he could not approve it; a more proper and dignified course he thought would be to send armed ships into these seas, to capture or demolish those buccaneers and pirates, who rob us of our property, and insult and murder our citizens. They are a banditti whom no nation will own, or admit to be acting under their authority, though sailing under their flag, and whom it is not in the power of such nation to restrain.
The gentleman from Georgia has told us that the conflict in St. Domingo is that of masters attempting to reclaim their slaves, and that if the United States suffer the trade to be carried on, we shall be considered as aiding and upholding those slaves, and give offence to France. And that when peace shall take place in Europe, the French will transport those negroes by thousands to the shores of South Carolina and Georgia, to the endangering the lives of the citizens of those states. This Mr. H. considered as a bugbear with which we ought not to be frightened, for, as to the warfare in St. Domingo being a mere conflict between master and slave it will be well remembered that the French Republic long ago liberated all the slaves in that island, and declared them free. As to the citizens of the United States carrying arms and military stores to the enemies of France, the law of nations has declared the penalty, which is a forfeiture of the property, and the United States can in no way be implicated thereby. And as to France landing those negroes on our shores, he said there was power, and he believed there would be found a disposition in the people of the United States to repel such an insult—for if we cannot prevent France or any other power from invading our territory and insulting our national honour, by landing their outcasts upon our shores, we shall no longer deserve the name of an independent Nation.
Gen. Jackson in reply to Gen. Smith and Dr. Mitchell confessed he had seen no official document, other than what the honourable mover had read, but he had seen at Newcastle on Delaware, a whole fleet bound to St. Domingo, to force a trade which even captains of vessels, true Americans, cried shame on.—That the hon. gentleman had called out, why had not the mover brought forward a resolution against Britain or some other power who had committed depredations on our commerce. The General said he wished to begin here by preventing our own merchants from doing injury to other nations, and then to strike at those who insulted us. He for himself was prepared and willing to attack the first power who had insulted us with far more superior weapons than arming our ships. He was an agricultural man, and would suffer with the flour makers; but he would call on the honourable gentleman either from Maryland, from New-York, from Massachusetts or Connecticut, to strike at Great Britain or any other nation who had injured us, by a resolution of prohibition of trade or intercourse, and he was the man who would second it and keep on till the injuring nation should cry peccavi—keep it on one twelve month, and you would see them all at your feet. Look at the Legislature of Jamaica petitioning their governor from time to time for American intercourse.—
Look at Trinidad, the same in a state of famine. Sir, we have no favours to ask the nations of the earth, they must ask them of us, or their West India colonies must starve.
That however with respect to documents, he would inform the gentleman from Maryland, that he had seen, tho' not official, a letter from general Ferrand, governor of St. Domingo, and which was published in all the principal newspapers of the United States, complaining to the French government on this subject, and laying all the blame to the American government, if not in direct, in the most indirect terms. That as to the total separation of the self created emperor and nation of Hayti, and its independence on the parent country, and under which gentlemen declared our rights of trade founded on the laws of nations—the late attack on that general by the emperor proved it did not exist—he was defeated, his army scattered and driven to the mountains—that Ferrand held the island as a French governor of the French nation, and the separation was not such as to warrant the arguments used for a right to trade—it would be a fatal argument used against us as respecting our southern states by other powers. On the same grounds, a parcel of runaways and outcasts from South-Carolina and Georgia, to the amount of some hundreds now collected on or near the Okafauquou swamp in Georgia, might be termed an independent society; or if an insurrection took place in those states, the rebellious horde on creating an emperor, might be supplied with arms & ammunition as a separate and independent nation—this as the honourable gentleman from Connecticut had been pleased to term his fears bugbears, might be no bugbear to him, safe and remote from the scene of action near New-Haven; but it was a serious bugbear to him, and would be to the whole southern country, where the horrid scenes of that island would be re-acted, their property destroyed, and their families massacred. The honourable gentleman from New-York too had been pleased to term them bugbears, but had raised up a number of his own to prevent the passing of the bill—he had drawn a most lamentable picture of the state of this country; if this dishonourable trade to this small part of the commercial world was interdicted—commerce was to languish and agriculture to be annihilated—our fields were to grow up in briars and thorns, and even verdure to disappear. Gen. J. said he did not believe this—The United States, if all the powers on earth were opposed to us, had within herself enough to eat, to drink, and to clothe her citizens; this was not the case with other powers.—Not a nation existed, which had West-India colonies, but was more or less dependent on us—they must come to our terms or starve—on with your embargo and in nine months they must lay at your feet. It was certain that we should suffer for that time, but he was willing, and he knew the Southern country willing to submit to it, and at the end of it our fields would resume their usual verdure, and the thorns and briars be rooted out.
The honourable gentleman from Maryland, had told us of the blockade of Cadiz, and that Hispaniola was the only vent now for our flour; but he believed even the blockade of Cadiz was not so strict in that respect as the honourable gentleman mentioned; he would read a line from Lord Mulgrave to Mr. Munroe on that head. (Here the general read part of it, but found it more strict than he had thought, and gave that point up.) But, Mr. President, said the general, is Cadiz the only market in Europe for our flour, from the Texel to the Baltic and Mediterranean, there are hundreds of ports at which our flour is vend- ed. The general made a number of other remarks, and concluded that he thought the passage of the bill absolutely necessary, for the honour and safety of the country, and as to the information he had received from a late celebrated French general, it was corroborated by the acts of Le Clerc and Rochambeau themselves. That the most daring brigands were forced by those officers on board American vessels, the captains of which were compelled to bring them to the United States, contrary to the laws of their own country—this had been a matter of serious alarm, not only to the southern states, but to the middle and northern states. At any rate, he hoped the bill would be received, if it was only to inform merchants trading to Hispaniola, of the sense of Congress, that this trade must cease: this was the point on which the slave bill had been received. That he wished to begin with this trade first, and he believed striking at that was striking at the British, for he had been informed at New Castle, that the St. Domingo fleet then there, was owned by British merchants, and supplied from British capital under the protection of our flag, which had to bear all the disgrace of this illicit traffic.
(To be continued.)
PHILADELPHIA, January 6.
The following details of the glorious victory and death of the gallant Nelson, are extracted from Gibraltar papers to the 3d of November, received at the office of the Register, and for which we are indebted to the politeness of captain Foster, of the brig Mary—as we are for the interesting marine intelligence from Gibraltar, which we have this day published to the 9th of November inclusive.
From a supplement to the GIBRALTAR CHRONICLE, November 2.
Arrived the brig Harriot, Anderson, 21 days from Malta; a few days before she left that Island, transports had sailed for Corfu, to bring 17,000 Russians, who were to join Sir James Craig's army; that 10,000 were to come on board the Russian squadron, and that several horse-ships then fitting, were to sail ten days after.
Went through the Straights on the 29th, admiral Louis and squadron.
The Spanish camp before the garrison is breaking up.
As we are fully sensible that every circumstance respecting the late glorious victory, as well as every incident relative to the death of that truly good and great man, the late much lamented lord Nelson, must be deeply interesting, not only to his own country but to the world in general; we have endeavoured, since the arrival of the Victory, the ship on board of which his lordship's flag was flying during the whole of the action, to obtain every information in our power on that subject.
Previous to the action, his lordship had fully explained to every captain in the fleet, the mode in which he intended to attack the enemy's line, and every ship had also received such particular secret instructions, that very few secrets were requisite on the day of battle. Before the action began, however, the following sentence was conveyed by telegraphe to all the ships in the fleet:—"ENGLAND EXPECTS THAT EVERY MAN WILL DO HIS DUTY." On its being explained by the captains to their respective crews it was received with an enthusiasm which shewed that the expectations of their country would not be disappointed on this occasion; and, indeed, from the accounts of every officer who was present, we believe it is impossible to convey an adequate idea of the general exultation and joy that pervaded every ship at the prospect of bringing the enemy's fleet to action. By none perhaps was this so forcibly and sincerely felt as by his lordship. After the many anxious days and nights that he had passed, since the commencement of the war, in watching or pursuing the flying foe, he now, for the first time, had

the satisfaction of beholding the enemy he had so long sought for, drawn up to receive him, and in a situation where they had neither batteries nor mooring chains to trust to for protection.
Whilst bearing upon the enemy's line he repeatedly said, "That it was the happiest day of his life, and that from the plan of attack, which he had laid down, he expected that he should have possession of twenty of the enemy's ships before night;" a prediction which was verified in so remarkable a manner, that we hardly know, whether most to admire the consummate science and wisdom, with which the plan of attack was previously arranged, or the cool intrepidity with which it was carried into complete execution, as not one single ship escaped of that part of the enemy's line, on which his lordship had directed the principal effort to be made, and the total number of ships which had actually surrendered before night, we have now every reason to believe was twenty, of which the Achille, and a Spanish ship were burnt, and the Redoubtable sunk after the action; but all of them had previously struck their colours.
It was his lordship's intention to have broke thro' the enemy's line, between the tenth and eleventh of the enemy's ships in the van, at the same time that admiral Collingwood penetrated their line, about the 12th ship from the rear; but finding the enemy's line in that part so close, that there was not room to pass he ordered the Victory to be run on board the ship which opposed him, the Temeraire, by which the Victory was seconded, also ran on board the next ship in the enemy's line; so that these four ships lay for a considerable time engaged together, in one mass as it were, and so close, that the flash of almost every gun fired from the Victory, set fire to the Redoubtable, to which ship she was at that time opposed, whilst our seamen, with the greatest coolness, were, at intervals, employed in the midst of the hottest fire, in throwing buckets of water to extinguish the flames on board the enemy's ship, lest, by their spreading, they might involve both ships in destruction. We question if ancient or modern history can produce a more striking example of cool and deliberate valour, than what we have just recorded, and it certainly reflects the highest honour upon the discipline and intrepidity of that ship's crew.
It was during the hottest part of the action that his lordship received his fatal wound, whilst engaged with the Redoubtable, and the French admiral at the same time. The enemy's ships tops were all crowded with soldiers, who had orders to aim particularly at the officers on the quarter deck. The Victory was in general so completely enveloped in smoke, that it was difficult to distinguish any particular person on board; but unfortunately, for a few seconds, when the smoke was more dispersed than usual, a soldier was seen to take aim at lord Nelson, from the mizen-top of the Redoubtable; and, the instant he fired, his lordship fell, the ball entering near the left shoulder, passing through the lungs, and lodging in the spine. He was immediately sensible of the wound being mortal, and said with a smile to capt. Hardy, with whom he had been talking at that moment—"they have done for me at last." He was soon obliged to be carried off the deck; and as they were conducting him below, he remarked the tiller rope being too slack, which he desired them to acquaint capt. Hardy with, and to have it tightened.
His anxiety for the event of the day, was such as seemed totally to surmount the pains of death, and of every other consideration; he repeatedly sent to inquire how the battle went, and expressed the most lively satisfaction to find it favourable. His lower extremities soon became cold and insensible, and the effusion of blood from his lungs often threatened suffocation; but still his eyes seemed to brighten, and his spirits to revive, at hearing the cheers given by the crew of the Victory, as the different ships of the enemy surrendered. About 4 o'clock, he became excessively anxious to see his friend capt. Hardy, and he sent for him several times, before that gallant officer thought it prudent to quit the deck at so interesting a moment.
About 5 o'clock however, when he saw that the victory was completely decided, and the battle nearly ended, he was enabled to attend to the last wishes of the dying hero, who eagerly enquired how many ships were captured? on being told by capt. Hardy, that he was certain of twelve having struck, which he could see, but that probably more had surrendered; his lordship said, "what, only twelve! there should at least have been fifteen or sixteen by calculation; however, after a pause he added twelve is pretty well." He now said, "that he felt death fast approaching, and that he had but a few minutes to live; that he could have wished to have survived a little longer, to have seen the fleet in safety; but, as that was impossible, he thanked God that he had outlived the action, and had been enabled to do his duty to his country." About this time he was again roused, by hearing another cheer from the crew of the Victory, at their seeing some more of the enemies ships strike their colours; at which he expressed the highest satisfaction, on learning the cause, and shortly afterwards expired without a groan.
The Frenchman, by whose hand this matchless Hero fell, was soon afterwards shot by M. Pollard, midshipman of the Victory, and was seen to fall out of the mizen-top; and the Redoubtable was so dreadfully shattered, that, soon after striking her colours to the Victory, she went to the bottom with most of her crew, so that his fall was greatly avenged.
The Victory, in this decisive action, had in the whole thirty four men killed, and seventy eight wounded. Amongst the former, besides the gallant admiral, were Mr. Scott, his secretary, the captain of marines, and one of the lieutenants of the ship. The loss was chiefly sustained whilst going into action, when, as leading ship of the division, she had to sustain the fire of eight of the enemy's ships, for nearly twenty minutes before she returned a gun. She also suffered considerably from the musketry of the enemy, but so tremendous and well directed was the fire from the Victory, that every ship on which she got her guns to bear, were silenced in the course of a few broadsides.
The Redoubtable alone had no less than thirty of her guns dismounted, and for a considerable time before she struck, she did not return a single shot.
It was his lordship's intention to have engaged the Bucentaure, at first, if he could have distinguished her; but, singular as it may appear, no person on board could discover the French admiral's flag to be flying during the whole of the day, though the Victory was for a considerable time within pistol shot of her, and handled her so severely, as to render her incapable of taking any share in the engagement afterwards.
Three of the French ships in the van, who had no part in the action, and one of which carried a rear admiral's flag, had the inhumanity and cowardice, as they were making their escape, to fire for a considerable time upon the Santissima Trinidad, and several other of the crippled Spanish prizes, after they had surrendered to us, which from their situation, were incapable of either of opposition or flight; and an immense number of the Spaniards were killed and wounded, from this unprecedented and bloody deed of their good and faithful allies.
We solemnly pledge our credit for the truth of this extraordinary fact, to which every officer on board of our victorious squadron now in the bay, can bear witness. Indeed such was the indignation felt and expressed by the Spaniards, at the conduct of the French, that when, in two days after the action, seven of the enemies ships came out of Cadiz, in hopes of retaking some of the disabled prizes, the crew of the Argonauta, in a body offered their services to the British officer who had charge of the prize to man the guns against any of the French ships; and they were actually stationed at the lower deck guns for that purpose, whilst the English seamen manned those of the upper deck.
The English officer on board returned all the Spanish officers their arms, and placed the most implicit confidence in the Spaniards, which he had no reason to repent, as though their numbers were so superior, as easily to have enabled them to retake the ship, yet they, on every occasion, shewed the utmost submission and good conduct, and declared that if a Spanish ship came along side of them, they would quietly go below, and leave English to act for themselves.
The British fleet, in this glorious victory, is not supposed to have had above twelve hundred men killed and wounded, the loss having chiefly fallen upon a few of the leading ships, and not a single ship on our part is missing. The enemy, on the contrary have had twenty ships of the line taken or destroyed, four of which, viz. Rayo, the Santissima Trinidad, the Bucentaure and Algesiras, were flag ships; whilst seven of their Admirals, and upwards of twenty thousand of their seamen and soldiers, have been killed, drowned, wounded or taken prisoners, in this memorable victory.
Lord Nelson's body is on board the Victory, and is to be sent to England by the first opportunity.
Before his death he expressed his desire, that he should be buried near his late venerable father, unless his country should wish to dispose of his body otherwise.
NEW-YORK, January 6. The British Packet Manchester, which arrived at this port on Saturday, has furnished us with London papers and shipping lists, both to the 16th of November, inclusive.
The papers contain no later advices from the continent of Europe than have already appeared in the Mercantile Advertiser ; but they give us the official account of another brilliant victory on the ocean, which is considered in England as a sequel to the achievement of the 21st October before Cadiz. Sir Richard Strachan has engaged and taken four French sail of the line. The event has produced the most lively testimonials of joy amongst the people of Great Britain, who consider the new victories which are daily pouring in upon them as evidences of the favour of Providence to the generosity of their motives and the righteouness of their cause: and as a proof that "no extent of daring ambition, however great, no grasp of honour however extravagant, will remain unrealized to a nation like England, bred up in conquest, and avaricious of glory." Gold medals are ordered to be struck, to be worn on the occasion of former victories, by the officers who distinguished themselves in this engagement.
Dispatches were received on the evening of the 15th November from vice-admiral Collingwood, via Lisbon, dated off Cadiz the 28th October, the particulars of which were immediately notified to the lord mayor of London to satisfy the publick anxiety. They state, that "owing to the violence of the wind, he had not succeeded in bringing off any of the prizes made in the action of the 21st. He expresses his hope that by the following day he should complete the destruction of the whole, except the Santa Anna, which was towed into Cadiz by a frigate. It further appears, that when admiral Gravina put to sea again, in order to protect the disabled ships, the Prince of Asturias (his flag ship) & the Rayo, another three-decker, were dismasted, and the latter fell into the hands of the British. The number of officers killed and wounded in the English ships, from which returns were received, was much smaller than had been apprehended."
The article in the succeeding extracts, under the London head of November 15th, copied from the Courier, which states that the negotiations between France and Prussia had reached a crisis from which the disjunction of the latter with Russia and Austria was deduced, is considered in the Morning Chronicle of the 16th as not resting on sufficient authority to entitle it to credit, and as being in itself a very improbable story.
On the night of the 6th of November an attack was to be made on Boulogne, from which great hopes were entertained, the whole military force there being estimated at not more than 4000 men. The batteries were to be kept employed, while the attempt was made to destroy the flotilla in the harbour.
General Dumourier set out from London for the Continent on the 13th November, where he is to be employed in his military capacity; but in what service, or under what power, was not accurately known.
Proclamation had been made for a general thanksgiving throughout England and Scotland, on account of the late splendid naval victories, to be observed on the 5th December. Parliament had been further prorogued to the 7th January.
The French talk of being at Vienna by the middle of November.
It is stated that Gen. St. Cyr, with the army which was in the Neapolitan States, is to join Massena; a convention for the neutrality of Naples being agreed to by the French government.— Mer. Adv.
LONDON, November 9. The occupation of Hanover by the Prussians, which is now confirmed, took place so immediately after the evacuation of that city by the French, as to induce an apprehension that these movements were pre-concerted by their respective courts: there was not, however, any communication between the commanding officers, on the subject. The French began to move off at 8 o'clock in the morning: their march was announced by express to the Duke of Brunswick, at Hildesheim, who immediately sent a regiment of grenadiers, two regiments of infantry and one of cavalry to occupy the city, and to restore its legitimate form of government. Some French commissioners and agents remained in Hanover unmolested, but a sale which one of them had announced was interdicted.
The loss of the French in the late affairs in Suabia have been infinitely greater than Buonaparte has admitted; he estimates the entire at 1500 men, and does not notice any being made prisoners; yet in the capitulation with general Werneck the release of the French prisoners is one of the conditions. In the affair near Albeck 3000 French troops were made prisoners; and they lost according to the German accounts upwards of 1000 men killed and wounded in the action of Guntzburg and Albeck.
Mack, whose recent treason has produced such calamitous events in Swabia, was strongly suspected during the last war in Italy to have been bought by France, but his influence at court unfortunately shifted the charge on his troops. Were it however otherwise he has long been rendered incompetent of personal exertions by bodily infirmity—he is generally carried in a litter.
Dispatches are received at the India House by the Teignmouth Packet, which on Thursday arrived at Plymouth after a passage of five months from Bengal, which it is reported announce the surrender of Deeg Bhurtpoor Rajah, & that Holkar had been compelled to submit to such conditions of peace as will prevent his again disturbing the tranquility of India.
November 15. It is in the hour of peril that a great nation assumes the most imposing attitude—it is then that she puts forth her whole strength and resources—that every
nerve and fibre of her frame is called into action; that, actuated by one heart and soul, and throwing off the low, little, selfish passions that debase and degrade our nature, her aspect and attitude have in them something more than mortal. Such a picture does Austria present to us at the present moment—unsubdued by disasters, undismayed by the dangers and difficulties of her situation, her spirit rises with the necessity for increased vigour and exertion. Not meanly suspecting the loyalty of her people would be shaken, or their spirits sunk by the reverse, she has not concealed the magnitude and extent of the late disasters—she avows them manfully, she confesses that they are heavy and afflicting: but, sure of the support of her brave subjects, she feels also that they are neither overwhelming nor decisive. With pride and pleasure we refer our readers to the Emperor's proclamation issued at Vienna on the 28th ult. immediately after the surrender of General Mack and his army was known. A composition of more true dignity and firmness; of more genuine patriotism, energy, and eloquence, we have never seen—it is in every respect worthy of the sovereign of such a nation as Austria.
Never were the views and designs of Bonaparte depicted in more just yet glowing colours; never were there a stronger contrast drawn between usurped and legitimate authority. "Solely occupied with the desire of military glory—influenced by no passion but that of being recorded in history as a conqueror—respecting no principle that reminds him of the regard prescribed by the law of nations, or the respect due towards independent states—totally careless of the general tranquility—absorbed in himself, and occupied only in the display of his own power." Was the character of Bonaparte ever more accurately drawn than in the words of the proclamation we have just quoted?
So strong an appeal to the gallantry and patriotism of the people, has produced all that the emperor of Germany could have expected or desired. The young men of all classes have incorporated themselves to do garrison duty—the divisions of the Austrian regiments are filled with the utmost rapidity. Contributions of grain and forage, of every thing necessary for the army, are furnished with a pleasing alacrity and promptitude—the general levy has been called for by the unanimous voice of the people; "All, all," say the Vienna letters, "are animated by patriotism and courage."—Never was such enthusiasm displayed as at the present moment, nothing will be omitted, no sacrifice will be deemed too great, to rescue us from the greatest of all evils and curses, a French invasion.
Let us turn to the armies—avoiding all the measures which so powerfully contributed to the ruin of the fine army, which had the misfortune to be placed under the command of general Mack, the Austrian and Russian armies are falling back to give time for their resources to join them; we suppose they will take up a position on the Enns.—Meanwhile it is satisfactory to know that not only Prince Ferdinand's division effected its escape from Ulm, but also another division which took the route of the Tyrol—the second and third Russian armies are advancing with great rapidity.—It is said too that the Archduke Charles is on his march from Italy with 50,000 men, who are to be replaced by Russians from Corfu. We shall be glad to find that the Archduke has fallen back; such a measure appears to be imperiously called for by the position of the French army, and the obvious intention of Bonaparte, to place the Austrian army in Italy between his own force and that under Massena. But it now appears, that the loss of the French in the different actions near Ulm, was between twenty & thirty thousand men. They lost many in two actions, which the French bullets sunk altogether, the actions of the 11th and 14th. We now hear of them for the first time, though they appear to have been the most sanguinary ones that took place. Buonaparte's army was also under a great want of provisions, a want which is likely to become more pressing every day.
From the London Gazette, of Nov. 12.
ADMIRALTY OFFICE, Nov. 12. Copy of a letter from rear admiral sir Richard John Strachan, bart. to Wm. Marsden, esq. dated on board his majesty's ship the Cæsar, off Falmouth the 8th inst.
Sir, Not having the official returns when the Æolus left us, and now having occasion to send in the Santa Margarita, to procure pilots to take the French ships in the harbour, I transmit you the returns of the killed and wounded, in the action of the fourth; and also a copy of the thanks alluded to in my letter, which I request you will communicate to their lordships.
I dare say their lordships will be surprised that we have lost so few men. I can only account for it by the enemy firing high, and we closing suddenly. I have the honour to be, &c.
R. J. STRACHAN. I have as yet no correct account of the loss of the enemy, or of their number of men.
The Mont Blanc had seven hundred; sixty-three killed, and ninety-six dangerously wounded. The Scipion 111 killed and wounded.
The French admiral, Mons. Dumanoir le Pelley—wounded; the captain of the Duguay Trouin, killed; and second captain wounded.
A list of killed and wounded in his majesty's ships undermentioned, in an action with a French squadron, on the 4th of November, 1805. Cæsar, 4 killed and 25 wounded. Hero, 10 killed, and 51 wounded. Courageux, 1 killed and 13 wounded. Centaur, 4 killed and 8 wounded. Santa Margarita, 1 killed and 1 wounded. Revolutionaire, 2 killed and 6 wounded. Phoenix, 2 killed and 4 wounded. Æolus, 2 wounded. Total—24 killed, and 111 wounded—135.
GENERAL MEMORANDUM.
Cæsar, at sea, November 6. Having returned thanks to almighty God, for the victory obtained over the French squadron, the senior captain, begs leave to make his grateful acknowledgment for the support he has received from the ships of the line and the frigates; and requests the captains will do him the honour to accept his thanks—and communicate to their respective officers and ships companies, how much he admires their zealous and gallant conduct.
R. J. STRACHAN. To the respective Captains and Commanders.
November 16. THE THIRD VICTORY.
Weekly Messenger Office, Monday, 1 o'clock.
We just learn than an express has arrived at the admiralty, with the important intelligence that admiral Louis had fallen in with the Rochefort squadron, and that after a smart action, SIX MORE OF THE ENEMY'S SHIPS OF THE LINE STRUCK THEIR COLOURS.
An order has been given by government, to a principal broker in the Dutch trade, to engage vessels sailing under Prussian flags for three months. The order is not limited to any number of vessels to be
engaged, nor does it specify the service for which they are wanted, viz. Whether for the conveyance of troops, provisions, or forage. Be this as it may, the contract is stipulated for three months, to pay 15l. per month.
The Tribune frigate, which carried out general Don and suit, has returned to the Downs. She was not allowed to come into port but ordered out again to join a Squadron with the Adamant in pursuit of two French frigates.
From the Tribune were landed a king's messenger with despatches, and a Prussian officer of high rank, also the bearer of important despatches from the court of Berlin. They have both arrived since in town. The nature of their despatches has not transpired, but they are believed to relate to the arrangements now making with the Prussian cabinet.
Gazette Marine Memoranda.
ARRIVED.
Brig General Washington, Vickery, from Teneriffe, last from Barbadoes in 18 days, Wine & Fruit, The Armistead was taken and carried into Barbadoes, by the Unicorn frigate, detained 5 weeks, released without trial, but without any allowance for detention or expenses.—A brig belonging to Alexandria, and bound to this port, sailed 8 days before Capt. Vickery. The schooner Bee, of this port, was condemned at Teneriffe as unfit for sea.
American vessels left at Barbadoes the 26th Dec.
Ships India Packet, Rindge, from this port bound to leeward; Brutus, Paul, bound to leeward. Brigs Mary and Rachel, Booth, to sail for Wilmington N. C. in 12 days; Farmer, Whiting, destination not remembered; Henry, Triffeten, of New-York to sail in 15 days; Mary, Boarelmur, bound to leeward in 10 days; Oliver Peabody, Treadwell, bound to leeward in 5 days; Sampson, Ketteran, bound to leeward the 5th Jan. Sch's William, Benton, bound to leeward next day; Patty, Price, destination not remembered; Peggy, Sibar, for Exuma in 5 days; Paragon, Mitchell, bound to leeward in 4 days; Orono, Drinkwater, bound to leeward; Swift, Sanford, bound to leeward next day.
Brig Governor Strong, Boardman, 32 days from Martinique, Rum and Molasses, P. Dana, and Co.
Schooner John, Otis, 17 days from St. Vincent, Rum and Molasses, W. Ashley.
Brig Classement, Rolf, 60 days from Guernsey, wine, John Le Mesurier, of Petersburg.
The sloop Mohawk, Quarles, from this port, arrived at Cape Francois in 9 days.
The schooner Vixen, from this port, arrived at Charleston, in 13 days.
The Brig Albert, Frazier, of this port, was left at Antigua, the 1st of December, bound to Charleston.
Brig Wheeler, Besson, from this port, has arrived at Antigua.
SALE AT AUCTION.
BY WILLIAM B. LAMB,
On Friday the 17th inst. at 12 o'clock,
At Hutchings's wharf,
Will positively be SOLD, for approved paper at 2 and 4 months,
60 pipes, } DRY L. P. LISBON WINE. 30 hhd. } 120 q'r casks, } 5 pipes } RED do. 1 hhd. } 100 Frails FIGS.
January 15. 436
EAGLE TAVERN.
The Subscriber has taken that eligible stand in Market-square, and has to inform his friends and the publick in general, that he will spare no pains to make them as comfortable as possible while with him—he would be glad to take in Eight or Ten Gentel BOARDERS by the Year.
Thomas Glenn. 433
January 15. 8m 433
FOR CHARTER,
The American
Brig COMMERCE,
JOHN PRICE, Master, burthen 150 tons. For term apply to Moses Myers. 434
Jan. 15. tf 434
If George William Clarke, who
left England for this Country in July, 1802, is living, he will hear of something to his advantage on application at this office.
Norfolk, Jan. 15. tf 435
A VERY VALUABLE PROPERTY.
WILL BE SOLD
To the Highest bidder, for ready money, on the premises, on Saturday the 15th day of February next, by virtue of a deed of trust, executed by Richard Bate, to secure the payment of 8333 dollars 33 cents, with interest thereon from the date thereof, due to Rambaut & Gerson & George Pegram, Jun. and the expenses of the sale.
TEN ACRES OF LAND,
Lying upon Appomattox River, within one mile of the town of Petersburg, with the water, grist, and manufacturing Mills, Bake-houses, Distillery-house, and other houses of improvements erected thereon.
Pleasant Akin, for HENRY CUGNEAU and PLEASANT AKIN. Petersburg, Dec. 30. tds 416
ADVERTISEMENT.
To be Sold, on the first day of February Court nest, on the Court-House Ground, for CASH,
A TRACT OF LAND,
containing about seventy-five acres, more or less, lying on Broad Water road, between Andrew Woodley's Store, and the place of Robert Tynes, dec'd.—Sold under a Deed of Trust executed by Henry and Ridly Applewhite, to secure the payment of a Bond, dated 5th February, 1802, on demand 21st June, 1802, and payable unto Andrew Woodley, for the sum of seventy-three pounds, fourteen shillings, and two pence half penny.—An undoubted title will be made to the purchaser.
Samuel Woodley, Trustee. Isle of Wight, Jan. 13. ts 431
FOR SALE,
A Tract of Wood LAND, about six
miles from Ferry Point, adjoining the Lands of Mr. Plume, Mr. S. Whitehead, and Mrs. Moseley, containing about 800 acres, mostly covered with Pine suitable for Masts and Spars and about two miles from a good landing on the Eastern Branch: a great bargain may be had, and payments accommodating to the purchaser.
Also for Lease, for a number of Years,
A WHARF in Gosport, about 100
feet front on the river, and about 180 feet on a 60 feet street; the whole the property of Mrs. Clinch, of Gosport. For particulars apply to
R. Thompson. Portsmouth, Jan. 6. law6w 411
NOTICE.
The Subscribers to the MONTHLY REGISTER, and REVIEW of the UNITED STATES, will receive the third, fourth and fifth numbers on application to the Subscriber.
J. Moran. January 9. 405

NOTICE.
The Members of the Mutual Assurance Society, against Fire on Buildings of the State of Virginia, are hereby requested to attend their Annual General Meeting, to be held on the first Monday in January next, which is the sixth day of the said month.
Any Member which doth not attend, at the said Meeting, in person or by proxy duly authorised, will be represented by the Member of the State Legislature, of the County, or the Senator of the District, wherein such absentee resides.
W. F. ASH,
Principal Agent, M. A. S.
** The Printers in this State are requested to insert the above once a week for four weeks. Richmond, Nov. 23, 1805. 1aw4w 325
REMOVAL.
JAMES TUCKER,
Has removed to No. 1, HOPE'S LANE, near MAIN-STREET, WHERE HE OFFERS FOR SALE, ON REASONABLE TERMS, HIS STOCK IN TRADE, CONSISTING OF A GENERAL ASSORTMENT OF HARDWARE, NAILS, &c. May 8. tf 659
BANK NOTES LOST.
A letter dated Williamsburg, 27th November, 1805, directed to Messrs Tho's & Wm. McCandlish, merchants, Norfolk, containing Bank Notes to the amount of Two Hundred Dollars, as below described, and supposed to have been deposited in the Post-Office, has either been lost, mislaid, or taken a wrong direction. It is hoped that any person who may have become possessed of the same, accidentally or otherwise, will forward it on to the subscribers, as payment of the Notes have been stopped at the respective Banks.
 D. No. 1124, United States Branch, Norfolk, Dec. 6, 1804, 100 Dollars.  B. No. 97, Virginia Branch, Fredericksburg, February 6, 1805, 100 Dollars.  Wm. McCandlish, & Co. Williamsburg, Dec. 9. tf 341
Warranted Eight-Day CLOCKS.
THE Subscriber begs leave to inform the Inhabitants of this Borough and its vicinity, that he has taken part of that Shop now occupied by Mr. Chapman, at the head of Bank-Street, where he offers for Sale a number of warranted Eight-Day Clocks, direct from his Manufactory—and a good assortment of imported Watches, Watch Materials, and Jewellery, viz. Breast Pins, Ear Nobs, Hoops, Rings, Pencil Cases, Fancy Hair Combs, do. Sliders, do. Paste Flowers, Watch Seals, Keys, Chains, and Watch Glasses. CLOCKS, Time Pieces, and Watches, carefully cleaned and repaired, and all favours gratefully acknowledged. Nathaniel Munroe.
ALSO FOR SALE,
 800 Sets assorted KNIVES & FORKS,  90 Doz. Double Spring BRACES,  25 Pair Plated CANDLESTICKS,  RAZORS and PENKNIVES,  4 Barrels CRANBERRIES,  6 Kgs Pickled CUCUMBERS,  2 Barrels WALNUTS,  6 Dozen Mens' Fine HATS.  December 23. 4w 374
BRITISH CONSUL'S OFFICE, Norfolk, Virginia, August 31, 1805.
His Britannic Majesty's Consul to the State of Virginia, in consequence of instructions by him received from his government, hereby gives notice, to the merchants concerned in the trade to His Majesty's Dominions, that according to the terms of the Act of the 37th of the King C. 97, no British built vessel captured by His Majesty's enemies, afterwards purchased by citizens of the United States, and sailing under a Sea Letter can be admitted to entry under the said Act, as an American vessel. 114 John Hamilton.
NORFOLK HOTEL.
THE Subscriber informs his friends and the publick, that he has opened an HOTEL in that convenient house formerly the NAVY TAVERN No. 128 Main-Street, where he hopes by his attention, to give satisfaction to those who may favour him with their company. He will always keep the best liquors: and Private Parties will be furnished with Dinners, Suppers, or Relishes, at the shortest notice. BOARDERS accommodated by the week, month, or year Henry Benbridge. October 9. tf 170.
JOSEPH MARZORATI, & Co.
Just arrived from Baltimore with a large assortment of Looking Glasses, Pictures, Prints, Spy Glasses, Spectacles, Reading Glasses, Mathematical Instruments, &c. all of which will be sold low for cash. Carving, Gilding, and Re-Gilding done.—Fancy Cornices, and all kinds of Frames made. Apply at No. 117, Church-Street. Dec. 27. 6* 379
MRS. MACDOUGAL,
INFORMS her friends and the publick, that she has taken that handsome house belonging to Mr. Roberts, in the centre of Market Square, where she will receive Boarders on moderate terms—the strictest attention will always be paid to the diet rooms, and lodging, and every endeavour used to render a transient or permanent abode at her house satisfactory. September 25. tf 169
LANDS FOR SALE.
750 acres lying near the New Dragon Bridge, in King and Queen County. This tract will be disposed of altogether, or divided into lots of 2 or 300 acres to suit purchasers. ALSO,
400 acres in the county of Gloucester, lying near Capahosick ferry, and in the neighbourhood of Mr. William Jones, and Mr. Thomas Fox, and distant about eight or nine miles from the Court-House. ALSO,
1140 acres in Middlesex county, lying on the Piankintank River, which affords the greatest abundance of Fish, Crabs, and Oysters, of superior quality. On this tract (generally called Barn Elms) there is a commodious Dwelling House, with all the necessary out-houses, for the convenience of a large family. As it is presumed that no person will be disposed to purchase without first seeing the lands, it is desired unnecessarily here to give a description of them, or the terms on which they will be sold. The subscriber may be consulted on the business any time after the date hereof at Barn Elms. Carter B. Berkeley. December 6. 1aw6w 330
TO PRINTERS.
I WILL DISPOSE OF A FONT OF BURGEOS TYPE, Upon which the Publick Ledger is at present printed. It consists of about 600 lbs. WELL-ASSORTED LETTER, with French and Latin accents; has been carefully used; and is almost as good as when new. Should the whole be too much, any one who might incline to purchase ONE HALF, will please to make application, by letters post paid, or personally, at this Office. The terms will be liberal, and a credit will be given, if required, to a purchaser who can give good security in Norfolk or Baltimore. John Cowper.
BLANK NOTES AND CHECKS
for both Banks, printed on paper of a superior quality for Sale at this Office.
CHEMISTRY MADE PLAIN.
PROPOSALS, FOR PUBLISHING BY SUBSCRIPTION, A NEW WORK,
ENTITLED, Plain Discourses on the Chemical Laws of Matter, Containing a General View of the Principles and Improvements of the Science of Chemistry.
With a particular Detail of those Parts, which are common and connected with Domestic Affairs; ADDRESSED TO THE CITIZENS OF AMERICA.
BY THOMAS EWELL, M.D. &c. OF VIRGINIA.
TO THE PROMOTERS OF USEFUL KNOWLEDGE, I HAVE ventured to present for your patronage, a new work—it is a system of chemistry divested of such technical terms as retard the study, by those persons not desirous of entering into the useless refinements of the science; and it will convey particular descriptions of those processes that are for domestic purposes. The object of the work is to render the study of chemistry less difficult, more general and agreeable, as well as to lead to improvements in various Arts.
Long has the greater part of mankind laboured under difficulties which might have been avoided by an acquaintance with the discoveries of philosophers. During the study of most sciences, we notice improvements unknown to the majority of the people; and in no one have these become more conspicuous than in the science of chemistry. Since the wild conjectures of deluded men were banished from its annals, the study has become one of the most useful and interesting to all of common understanding. The science is now characterised by a simplicity, hostile only to the pride of the pedantic scholar. Its extensive scenes are open, and with powerful attraction invite the entrance of the intelligent in the pursuit of pleasure, of information, or of most of the arts. An entrance is desired, that the wonderful beauty and wisdom displayed in the operations of nature may be contemplated with rapture, in parts neglected by the vulgar as a "dreary void."
To those in the pursuit of pleasure, the study of chemistry affords the greatest delight. The conversion of solids into volumes of vivifying airs, and of airs and other fluids into solids, are processes which although inferior to many in chemistry, give unusual satisfaction. To know the composition of the substances surrounding us, with their connection and relation to each other, and to understand many of the arts of chemists, will impart to the mind an agreeable action, while it increases its capacity to take improvements. And such are the fascinating powers attached to the pursuit of this knowledge, that France is fast becoming a nation of chemists, in consequence of the general study of the science by the ladies as well as gentlemen.
The respectable Cultivators of land will be much benefited by an acquaintance with chemistry. It will teach them the properties of the soil they cultivate, the art of making manures, and the kinds of vegetables as well as Manures best adapted for their respective farms. An idea of this may be formed from the famous fact, that by a judicious management of the grave yards at Paris, such quantities of salt-peter were procured for the powder manufactory as to enable the French government to prosecute their war.
To be able to detect the presence, and discriminate between the noxious and innocent metals, as well as to make most useful combinations of them; to ascertain the constituents of medicinal springs; to detect the adulterations of Wines and other drinks; and to correct corrupted airs, must be of consequence to most individuals.
The burning of bodies—The Arts of making Gunpowder and Saltpetre—common Salt—and all other Arts—Of Tanning—Leather—Of purifying and preserving animal and vegetable Matter—Of Dying and Painting—Of making Glass and Earthen Ware—Of Brewing—Distilling, &c. &c. depend on Chemistry.
No doubt most of them would be improved by a further cultivation of the science, which, from its simplicity, could be done in but a small part of the time often mispent by the artists. This will appear less doubtful, by the following extracts from a letter I received from the President, Mr. Jefferson—and from one received from Judge Washington of Mount-Vernon.
"MONTICELLO, August 1805."
"Of the importance of turning a knowledge of chemistry to household purposes, I have been long satisfied. The common herd of philosophers seem to write only for one another. The chemists have filled volumes on the composition of a thousand substances of no sort of importance to the purposes of life; while the arts of making bread, butter, cheese, vinegar, soap, beer, cyder, &c. remain totally unexplained. Chapital la lately given the chemistry of wine making; the late Dr. Pennington did the same as to bread, and promised to pursue the line of rendering his knowledge useful to common life; but death deprived us of his labours. Good treatises on these subjects should receive general approbation. Accept of my salutations, and assurances of respect."
"TH: JEFFERSON."
"MOUNT-VERNON, 13th September 1805."
"I have long thought that a work upon the plan you suggest, was much wanted by those who form the great bulk of readers on chemical subjects. I have not met with a single treatise which has not appeared unnecessarily obscured by technical terms, which only scholars can understand. They have been more generally addressed to the comprehension of professional men, than to those of the humbler walks of life; for whose use this science might be made most essentially to contribute, by adapting it to their capacities, and by pointing out the way by which its principles may be applied to the more common arts, in which they are daily employed. You will I think, do great good to society and ... by executing such a work as you propose. My best wishes will accompany you in your labours, and I shall be happy to aid them as far as I can."
"BUSH. WASHINGTON."
But, fellow citizens, for you to know the Beauty, the Connection, the Importance of the Science which I wish to communicate to you, it is necessary that you know the Science itself. To relate in the most intelligible terms the discoveries of chemical philosophers will not be the extent of my labours. I shall offer a new view of the art of ascertaining the fertility of lands, and of the formation of vegetable juices, which has been approved of by some distinguished characters. I shall also relate some original experiments, a part of which establish a hitherto disputed doctrine concerning heat, and throw light on the art of enriching impoverished land.
You will now determine by your subscription, whether the desire of one to disseminate knowledge highly useful and interesting to most of mankind shall be gratified—whether the proposed publication shall appear. T. EWELL.
TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION.
As soon as a sufficient number of subscribers are obtained, the work shall be put to the press. It will be comprised in about 300 pages, Octavo, and be printed on good paper with suitable type. A general Index will be annexed to the work—with proper drawings of the apparatus commonly used by chemists. The work shall be delivered in boards to Subscribers at Three Dollars, per copy. Subscriptions for the above work, received by the Editor of this Paper. 242
NEW CUT-NAIL MANUFACTORY, ON TOWN POINT, A small distance below County Wharf, Wide Water Street.
THE Subscriber has, at a considerable expense, fitted up, in addition to his other business, a complete set of machinery, adequate to finish 500 to 600 lbs. of Nails daily. He is also provided with a good stock of Iron; and with a sufficient number of skilful workmen. He has on hand a constant supply of Nails, Flooring Brads, and Sprigs, which he offers for Sale at the reduced prices as follows, by the keg, viz.
 10d, 12d, 20d, Nails, 8d per lb.  8d, do. 9d per lb.  Sleathing do. 7 1-2d per lb.  6d, do. 10d per lb.  4d, do. 3s. per M.  3d, do. 2s 7 1-2d do.  8d, 10d, 12d, and 20d, Brads, 8d per lb.  6d, do. 4s 6d per M.  4d, do. 3s do.  3d, do. 2s 7 1-2d do.  2d, do. 2s 7 1-2d do.  ALSO—HOOP AND BAR-IRON ASSORTED. LEVIN DORSEY. March 18. 508
To be Leased,
For one or six years, and possession to be had on the first of January next.
A Commodious BRICK-HOUSE on Smith's Point, now occupied by Mr. Harris—all convenient offices, and a good garden are annexed to the s tenement—For the accommodation of a tenant, an adjoining lot may be had.
November 18. P. Barraud. 298
Richmond Academy Lottery, NOW DRAWING, CONTAINING One Prize of Ten Thousand Dollars,
Besides several other large Prizes. ** TICKETS for Sale by the EDITOR OF THIS PAPER. November 15. 279
FOR SALE, 90 Tons LOGWOOD, 20,000 Feet MAHOGANY, 2000 Feet MAHOUBA BOARDS, 150 Hogsheads Richmond TOBACCO, afloat. Apply to John Granbery.
Who offers for Rent, A DWELLING HOUSE, very pleasantly situated near Peach street, lately occupied by Col. Davies. December 2. 5w 317
NOTICE.
All persons having claims against the Estate of ROBERT REINS, deceased, are requested to bring them forward properly attested, that provision may be made for payment. Dec. 11. James Callis, Adm'r. 340
Twenty Dollars Reward.
RAN-AWAY from the Subscriber on the night of the 30th November last, a Negro Man named JOE, well known in this Borough, about 5 feet 7 or 8 inches high, of a light brown colour, high cheek bones, well made and very active, has a remarkable scar upon his neck just under the jaw, and has lately been burnt in the hand and whipped—Whoever will apprehend said Negro, secure him in some jail, or give such information so that I get him again, shall receive the above reward—Masters of vessels and others are forewarned harbouring or conveying away said slave, as the law will be strictly enforced against any person or persons so offending. December 13. Wright Southgate. 348
FOR SALE
The Cargo of the Brig Pan-pan, Captain Amies—Consisting of 157 Puncheons high proof JAMAICA RUM, 7 Hogsheads MOLASSES. Who have removed to the second Fire-Proof Store, on Gibbons Wharf. November 13. Redmon & Frith. 271
THE SUBSCRIBER, Has removed to the third fire proof Warehouse on Gibson's wharf, where he has for Sale, Antigua and Jam. Rum by the hhd. Loaf and Brown SUGAR—A few bags COFFEE, A few pipes & hds. London particular & Tenent's WINES, 120 cases very excellent 7 years old CLARET. And is now Landing from on board the sloop Catherine Shepherd, Capt. Webb, from Antigua and Nevis, Antigua and Nevis Rum and Molasses. HARRISON ALLMAND. December 27. tf 354
Green Coffee and Sugar.
Now Landing from on board the Schooner Lydia, Captain Livingston, from Guadaloupe. 41 Hogsheads SUGAR, 8 Hds. 14 Tierces } BEST GREEN COFFEE. 12 Bags For Sale by William Pennock. December 15. 3w 354
REMOVAL.
THOMAS LUMSDEN,
Watch-Maker, &c. HAS removed from No. 3, Water-Street, to the Brick-House at the corner of Rothery's Lane and Main-Street, opposite Captain Pennock's, and lately occupied by Doctor Hodges.—Grateful for favours experienced, assures his friends and customers that every effort will be exerted to merit a continuation of their patronage. October 23. 3M 227
TO RENT,
(And immediate possession given.) A Convenient Dwelling House, near the Presbyterian Church, lately occupied by Thomas Newton, jun. Esq. It is in a pleasant part of the town, has a large garden and necessary out-houses, and a good well of water. For terms apply to John Brown, Marsden's Wharf. November 15. tf 273
NOTICE.
WHEREAS a certain JOHN BAILIE, of Hampton, in the county of Elizabeth City has now in his possession certain NEGROES by the names of Esther and Child, Clary, Rose, Harry, Catty, Edmund, Phebe, and Jude, which he illegally detains contrary to the last will and testament of Isaac Hawes, of the county of Essex—And whereas the legal process of law is resorted to in order to ascertain his right therein, I do hereby (as Guardian to MARY WALLER BAILIE, who I contend is the legal Heir of said Hawes,) forward the said John Bailie from selling, or otherwise disposing of the said Slaves—And I do further forward all persons from purchasing them, or any part thereof—All masters of vessels and others are also forewarned from transporting, conveying away, or secreting any of the said Slaves, under the penalty of the law, which will be strictly enforced by WM. WALLER, Guardian. Hampton, Dec. 5. tf 334
The CARGO of the Ship Eliza, Obediah Smith, master, from Bordeaux, will commence landing This Day on Newton's wharf, consisting of
 440 Hogsheads choice CLARET,  293 Cases do. do.  143 do. White WINE,  180 Boxes FRESH PRUNES of excellent quality, for Sale by Moses Myers. November 13. tf 287 
THIS DAY LANDING,
From on board the Schooner Eagle, Captain Givens, from Bordeaux, 160 Casks CLARET. 681 Cases assorted do. 66 do. do. White do. 80 Barrels SWEET OIL. 2 Trunks and 3 Cases Ladies' and Men's SHOES. 8 Cases Mens' and Children's Silk and Beaver HATS, assorted. DEMIJOHNS, ALMONDS, NUTS, &c. &c. For sale on liberal terms, by John & James Galwey, Commerce Street Wharf. WHO HAVE ON HAND, 75 Boxes White & Brown Havana SUGAR. September 6. tf 138
NOTICE.
THE Subscriber being desirous to close his unsettled concerns, requests all those who have accounts against him to present them at his office for adjustment, and persons indebted to him to make immediate payment. John Hamilton. October 14. tf 301
JUST RECEIVED,
By the ship Roba & Pessei, Capt. Richardson from London, and for sale by the Subscriber, A LARGE SUPPLY OF DRUGS AND MEDICINES, of all kinds.
Patent Medicines, Perfumery, &c. &c. Also received by the ship Almina, Capt. Slover A LARGE ASSORTMENT OF SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS, Consisting of Amputating, Trepanning, Cupping, Midwifery, Tooth of different sorts, Crown and Common Lancets, and Surgical Pocket Instruments &c. &c.
HARDHAM'S SNUFF, No. 9. Also, by the ship Olive Branch, Capt. Le Breton from Bristol,
A LARGE & EXTENSIVE ASSORTMENT OF GLASS & FURNITURE, For Apothecary's and Practitioner's Shops. Those who favour us with their orders will be supplied on the most reasonable terms, and the articles of the best and freshest quality, as our importations are regularly twice a year, and laid in with cash, from the most respectable Druggists in London.
MEDICINE CHESTS made up as usual. Also, a few elegant Mahogany Chests of the newest construction, with furniture complete, PERRY'S ANTI-BILIOUS PILLS. Frederick Heermann & Son. July 17. 2aw 12m. 1
JUST RECEIVED,
From Charleston, and for Sale at this Office, PRICE ONE DOLLAR, A FEW COPIES OF INDEPENDENCE, Comedy, in Five Acts, as performed at the Theatre Charles ton, with unbounded applause, By WILLIAM BOOR, Of St. George, Dorchester, South-Carolina. October 4. tf 186
THE SPIRIT OF THE PUBLICK JOURNALS;
Being an impartial selection of the best original Poetry, Essays, &c. and which have appeared in the newspapers of the United States during the year 1805. The Editors of Newspapers who exchange with the Baltimore Evening Post, are requested to give the above advertisement a few lines in their papers. When published, a copy of the work will be sent to each office. August 28.
GERMAN GOODS.
JOHN C. NIEMEYER, Has lately received and offer for Sale, the following Goods, for Cash, or on convenient credit, for approved Notes, viz. 7000 Bags of 2 and 3 bushels, in bales of 600 each. 1000 East India Gunny Bags. 190 Pieces Ticklenburgs and Oznaburghs. 400 Brown Rolls. 400 White Rolls, different qualities. 100 White Platillas. 75 Brown Hollands. 100 Bretannias. 20 Dowlass. 62 Fine White Flanders Sheeting. 25 Shirt Linen of 20 to 100 dollars per piece of 37 yards. 40 Fine Bed Bunts and Bed Ticking. 390 Velvet Ribbands, No. 2 to 150. 30 Russia Sheeting, and Diaper. 320 Dozen Snuff Boxes. 100 Boxes Baltimore Window Glass, in whole and half boxes, viz. 8 by 10, 9 by 11, 9 by 12, 10 by 12, and 12 by 14, at the manufacturer's prices, with the addition of the usual charges. A few Barrels Philadelphia bottled Porter. 105 Boxes Short Pipes. 120 Spanish Segars, of different quality. 150 lbs. Shoe Thread. 130 Twine. 15 Boxes Glass Ware, of different kinds, cut and plain. 37 Barrels Turpentine. ALSO, 20 Dozen of Shoe Brushes. Violins, Flutes and Fifes. ditto Strings and Bows. Looking Glasses of all kinds. Nuns' Thread and Fine Lace. Thread Stockings, Plush for Saddles. Coffee Mills,—Beads, and Bird Cages. Razors, Spectacles, and Penknives, 1st quality. Backgammon Tables, Dice, Cards, Chessmen. Fowling Pieces, Pistols, and Agut Flints. Crooked Horn and Ivory straight Combs. An Invoice of Japanned Ware. do. do. of Mill Saws, Augers, &c. 40,000 Marbles. And a great variety of other Articles. Apply as above. September 25. 164
TO RENT,
THE Warehouses at present occupied by James Herron on my wharf, capable of storing 4,000 barrels flour, and free from danger of high tides—Possession may be had of them on the first of September next; if agreeable, the Wharf may be had with them.
Also, for Lease, for a term of Years, The Wharf adjoining mine, newly repaired, 35 1-2 feet in front, running back from 2 to 250 feet, with sufficient well made ground for the erection of warehouses—at the end of the wharf, there is water for any ship, with a convenient Lumber Yard. For terms apply to John Davis. Portsmouth, July 29. 2aw tf 25
Great Dismal Swamp.
FOR SALE—Three Sixteenths of the New Lebanon Estate, and One Sixth of the Old Lebanon Estate, which comprises a large portion of the most valuable TIMBER of the Swamp; they are intersected by the Canal now almost completed, which connects a water carriage from those Estates with the waters of the Chesapeake—The terms of Sale will be moderate, and a reasonable accommodation of time will be given for two thirds of the purchase money. For particulars apply to Wm. M. Harvey, near Nixonton, N. C. Jan. 1. 1aw tf Feb. 596
NORFOLK:
PUBLISHED THREE TIMES A-WEEK, BY WILLIAM DAVIS, FOR THE PROPRIETOR, OPPOSITE THE EXCHANGE COFFEE HOUSE. Price Five Dollars and Fifty Cents yearly, in advance.