Norfolk gazette and publick ledger (Norfolk [Va.]), 1809-02-08 00:00:00

CONGRESS.
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES.
Monday, January 30.
Mr. Newton, from the committee of commerce and manufactures, presented a bill to prohibit in certain cases the entry of foreign vessels into the ports and harbours of the United States (in conformity with a resolution offered by Mr. D. R. Williams) which was read and referred to the committee of the whole house on Wednesday next.
PREPARATION FOR WAR.
On motion of Mr. D. R. Williams, the unfinished business [the 50,000 volunteers bill] was ordered to lie on the table.
And the House resolved itself into a committee of the whole, Mr. Macon in the chair, on the resolution submitted by Mr. Nicholas a few days ago in the following words:
Resolved, as the opinion of this house, that the United States ought not to delay beyond the day of ... to repeal the embargo laws, and to resume, maintain and defend the navigation of the high seas against any nation or nations having in force edicts, orders or decrees, violating the lawful commerce and neutral rights of the United States.
Mr. Milnor moved for a division of the resolution, so as to take the question first on repealing the embargo; and moved to fill the blank with the fourth day of March.
Mr. Randolph said he had risen for the same purpose as the gentleman from Pennsylvania; and he submitted to the committee whether, if the embargo laws were to be repealed, it should not be done with all possible speed. His sources of information, he said, were neither very numerous, nor, possibly, very correct: but he did understand it to be a fact that in certain parts of the eastern states, the embargo was daily and hourly, in the broad glare of day-light—not evaded, but disregarded; that sleighs to an immense number were daily passing from the United States into Canada laden not only with the product of that part of the union bordering on Canada, but also with the product of the southern states, which was carried by a long and expensive carriage from the Atlantic states to Montreal for exportation. There were two points of view in which Mr. Randolph said it appeared to him that, if this law was to be repealed at all, it ought to be done with all possible expedition.—The first was, that those persons in our own country, who had set the law at defiance, who had been guilty of the most inexcusable conduct, should not reap the exclusive benefit of the commerce carried on. The other reason was, that it was well known that the St. Lawrence was frozen up, and would remain frozen long after our own waters were open. Adventurers, lured by the hope of great profit, had at a vast expense transported products not the growth of that part of the country into Canada, knowing that the plan of embargo, if continued, would amply repay the extra expense of carrying it. This produce, Mr. Randolph said, to an immense amount, was deposited, as he understood at Montreal, for the purpose of exporting it as soon as the ice broke up, and he presumed it was already paid for in British gold or commodities of some sort. And this, he said, was one of the ways in which it should have no objection to finger some of their gold, viz. by getting to market before them, underselling and forestalling them, which might easily be done from the expense of the transportation by land. He submitted it therefore to the gentleman from Pennsylvania, whether, if the committee determined to repeal the embargo, it should not be as soon as possible. If immediately removed, it must shake, and severely too, the capitalists of Canada; but if the removal was procrastinated, they would reap the profits, whilst we should carry our produce to a market already glutted, or if not glutted considerably gratified. When the resolution came before the house, if the committee of the whole agreed to it, he said he should certainly move the earliest day possible for the removal of the embargo.
Mr. Milnor said the gentleman from Virginia, must be fully persuaded that he was as willing to get rid of the embargo as the gentleman himself could possibly be; for he had been opposed to the embargo system from the first day the original embargo law was passed. He said he had moved to fill the blank with the 4th day of March for several considerations. The resolution contemplated a repeal of the embargo at a future day and not at the present day; and from conversation which he had held with gentlemen heretofore friendly to the embargo and now disposed to remove it, he had supposed that an earlier day would not be agreed to.—One other consideration he said had considerable influence with him. At present there was a natural embargo on a considerable number of the ports of the United States. By the fourth day of March it was pretty certain that nature would have repealed that embargo. To place the merchants upon an equality, he had supposed, he said, that it would be proper to fix a day for the removal of the embargo, which would give to all equal advantages.
Mr. Sloan gave one reason in addition to those urged by the gentleman from Virginia, why the embargo should be speedily repealed. It was a fact known to many members on the floor, that large speculations had been made in consequence of a belief that the embargo would be continued for a great while. Articles of foreign produce, which, though not absolutely necessary, had become necessary by habit, were up to an extravagant price. An early removal of the embargo would tend to remove the sufferings of the honest part of the community in consequence of the high price of these commodities.
Mr. Nicholas, who had been absent, when the subject was taken up, wished to modify his resolution.
tion. This being considered out of order, Mr. Nicholas moved to amend the resolution under consideration by striking out the whole of it after the word "Resolved," and inserting the following:
Resolved, as the opinion of this House, That the United States ought not to delay beyond the day of ... to resume, maintain and defend the navigation of the high seas; and that provision ought to be made by law for repealing on the day of ... the several embargo laws, and for authorizing at the same time LETTERS OF MARQUE AND REPRISAL against Great Britain and France—provided on that day their orders and edicts violating the lawful commerce and neutral rights of the United States shall be in force—or, against either of those nations having in force such orders or edicts.
Mr. Lyon opposed the striking out the substance of the original motion, under the idea that it would deprive the House of an opportunity of taking a direct vote on the repeal of the embargo.
Mr. Nicholas said that the object of both resolutions was the same. The object of the resolution first proposed was to repeal the embargo laws, to assert and prepare to enforce our rights. The only object in proposing the amendment was to bring the subject to a close in one way or other. It had been said that the other resolution was not specific enough—that it could not be understood; that it would take up much time of the House, and when it came before a committee to draft a bill in pursuance of it, their construction of its terms might differ from that of the House, and the whole subject must be gone over again. He wished the question to be decided, and that the whole nation should know as soon as possible what was to be done. Gentlemen who thought that we ought to take a determined stand against encroachments on our rights, he said would vote with him; gentlemen of a contrary opinion would vote against him.
Mr. Dana said he was for striking out the words of the original resolution, because he did not wish to vote on them, scarcely knowing what construction to put upon them himself, or what construction others would put upon any vote which he might give on them. The resolution as it originally stood, he said, did not contain an affirmative proposition, but a sort of compound negative one. It declared that the United States ought not beyond the day of ... to delay the repealing of the embargo. Now any gentleman who might wish it to be repealed to day, would be clearly of opinion that it ought not to be delayed for six months or a year. So that a vote on the resolution, supposing the day of June, to be inserted as the day beyond which repeal ought not be delayed, would give no definite idea of the sentiments of any gentleman who should vote for it. He was therefore really obliged to the gentleman that he had brought forward a resolution which he could understand, and which had a specific practical bearing. As it respected the character of the proposition, it was a declaration of war hypothetically. He could not express an opinion on the substitute proposed, but would vote to strike out the original words, because they were liable to adversity of construction.
The House agreed to strike out the substance of the first resolution. A division of the substitute offered by Mr. Nicholas, was called for, so as to take the question first on the question of repealing the embargo laws.
Tuesday, January 31.
Mr. Mumford presented a memorial of sundry citizens of New York, remonstrating against the act for enforcing and making more effectual the several embargo laws—Referred to the committee of the whole to whom had been referred Mr. Nicholas's resolution.
PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION.
Messrs. Varnum, Seaver, Cook, Ilsley, Barker, Cuts and Green, on this day and yesterday presented petitions from various towns in the state of Massachusetts, remonstrating against the mode in which the late election of electors was conducted in that state.
Mr. Cuts moved as the time was fast approaching when it would be necessary to decide on the subject of these petitions, a reference of all the petitions on this subject to a joint committee of the two houses; which was withdrawn to make way for a resolution to the same effect offered by Mr. Bacon, which was ordered to lie on the table.
PREPARATION FOR WAR.
The house resumed the discussion of Mr. Nicholas's proposition; and the motion pending when the house yesterday adjourned, was debated till five o'clock, when the house adjourned without taking the question.
[Thus far from the National Intelligencer; the remainder from the Monitor.]
Wednesday, February 1.
Petitions were received from two towns in the state of Massachusetts respecting the election of president and vice president of the United States were presented and placed with others on that subject.
Mr. Holmes, from the committee of claims, made an unfavourable report, on the petition of Thomas Paine. Ordered to lie on the table.
The house resolved itself into a committee on the unfinished business, (the resolution of Mr. Nicholas) Mr. Macon in the chair.
Mr. Bacon commenced the argument on this day. He could (for his own part) have wished the question to have been taken silently; but silence he said, did not submit to, since so general a sensibility had manifested itself. He could see no reason, if it would be ultimately determined that the embargo was to be raised at all, to postpone that period to
the first of June, since the public mind was so much agitated on the results of the congressional session. The harmony of the states was a desirable object, and ought to be preserved, if it could be done without too great a sacrifice. As to the publications which had appeared on the subject, although they might appear libelous on the good sense of our citizens, yet that good sense would always be able to prevail over any designing and unreasonable effusions.
He contended for the propriety of leaving to the next congress (to meet in May) a question of war; because they would be most competent to decide, as agreeable to the then present and preceding state of things. How far he should or should not then justify such a measure, he could not now determine: War might or might not appear then the only or most proper alternative. Again; he objected to such a postponement of the period for hostility, because it would be throwing the game into the hands of our adversaries, by telling them that we were now determined to go to war, but that it would be several months hence before we should begin its execution. This would be not only putting the adversary into a state of preparation, but also would raise up their national metal and stir up their pride beyond what they otherwise would be prompted to.
He then objected to the resolution on the principle of "reprisal," inhibited in it. He descended on the meaning of reprisals. Reprisal, in a national view meant to strike on an enemy in order to indemnify for an injury, and its own nature, implied a sudden repulsion; but herein, a notice too distant for indemnity or for sudden opposition was implied. The very object indeed would be defeated by such a declaration of our intention, whilst few internal benefits could be derived. It therefore, he could agree to the measure, he should object to the period for its execution.
Mr. B. then spoke of the motion upon its generality of principle. Defensive war was undoubtedly the duty of every people to maintain, but he feared the present resolution might savour too much of offensive war. He would not attempt to say but we had as great a right to protect our property on the ocean as our territorial rights on the land: however numerous should be our invaders, there could be no doubt of the patriotism and ability of our citizens to repel the assault, but our power was not sufficient on the ocean to repel. A defensive war, he preferred to an offensive one: and therefore a general motion might not operate powerfully enough to its object. If the principle of general reprisal is followed, the die is cast; but defensive measures are a national duty. By such a measure, it is probable one, if not both of the belligerents who are our enemies, will recede from their decrees. If they recede not, there can be no doubt of the unanimous determination of this house to follow such measures as will eventually evince the spirit of the nation.
He wished not to see the nation fighting against the merchants of this country; and he believed he never should advise his constituents to such a warfare.
Mr. Troup hoped that the further consideration of this motion would be postponed to the first day of June. He was convinced that it could only operate upon foreign nations as an empty menace, and so it would be viewed. He took a review of the progress which this business had undergone, including the propositions now made: He referred to the opposition meetings to the eastward, and viewed not only foreign aggressions and hostility, but domestic troubles if carried to extremes as dangerous to the welfare of a state. But however some gentlemen had indulged themselves with the idea that the rude shocks of faction might seriously operate upon the constitution of our country, or upon our liberties, he apprehended not that the safety of a government hitherto so wisely and virtuously administered, had any thing to fear, since energetic measures would frustrate every dangerous consequence whatever. He eulogized our government, when judiciously administered, as the strongest and best on earth, whether at peace, or even engaged in war, however desirable peace might be to the furtherance of domestic harmony: and it might be happily and justly said, that one of the fundamental principles of our compact was that the majority must govern, and as heretofore the minority had the wisdom to submit to it, so he believed it would continue.
He would prefer proceeding in the course hitherto pursued, although it might operate as a deprivation in some cases. Give to the executive the ways and means to enforce the laws, and they would be executed with promptness and energy, since a very large majority of our citizens would be found heartily to co-operate with the measures of the government. He could never consent for the government to be appalled with the threat of rebellion.—What better pledge, he asked, could be given to the people of New England or elsewhere, than by telling them that the embargo would be raised in June? (if that should be the time determined on.) Execute the embargo laws with efficacy; prepare for war, and leave it to the next congress to say as to the propriety of declaring that war, under all the circumstances of that moment.
Mr. Burwell spoke at considerable length, but as his voice was low, we must endeavour to give (as indeed, with our sketch of the other gentlemen) as brief and true an epitome as our columns will admit.
If it was understood abroad, that there was such an opposition as was represented at home to be to this measure, it certainly would impair its force; but he apprehended not all the terrific consequences which had been depicted on that subject, although he had not a doubt but the allegiance of many persons to the eastward had been much shaken. But,
if the people should believe that the laws would cease at a certain period and other measures be pursued, he had no doubt but they would settle down in quiet submission. They were doubtless now led to believe that there was partiality in the government to one nation over the other, but when convinced that this was not the case, they would bear the common lot of the nation with patience.
He confessed his fear that ultimately the nation must assert its sovereignty and independence by an appeal to arms, and as that might be the case, he wished to postpone the time to the farthest period, in order to prove to the people their interest in firmly supporting it, even under the deprivations they were called on to suffer. He entered into a relative view of the operation of the resolution as it affected the two belligerents, and contended for its necessity to continue until both had submitted to principles of justice, by abandoning their several obnoxious edicts. He answered the observations in favour of postponement to submit to the wisdom of the next congress, by observing that this was a period when the subject was known and felt, and when something was expected to be done. It might operate to the rescinding of the orders or decrees of one or other, and if so, a great object would be gained. The last letter of Mr. Canning, he said, had given him a hope that something conciliatory was to be looked for, more than heretofore appeared, and he believed that the measures proposed in that resolution would have a happy tendency to hasten a favourable turn. Added to which, was not to be forgotten the recent and probable change of affairs in Spain. What other measures, he asked, could be suggested that would have the effect? If war was to take place immediately, where could be the "reprisals," which had been talked of? Under the prospect of some such circumstance, all British property was long since withdrawn from this country, and as no commerce existed with them, there was no ships or merchandise to take.
The proposition for arming the merchantmen, he considered to be improper, because, in that case, the whole property of the United States would then be afloat, and at extreme hazard, consequently the means at home must be proportionably lessened to meet perhaps a severe conflict.
Mr. Burwell then went into a review of the arguments of some gentlemen yesterday. Not being then present, we were not able to ascertain who they were, consequently not what they said. Respecting an observation of Canada always being able to supply the West-India islands, he commented the propriety of the doctrine. If the supplies to those islands from America was of such consequence, the only mode in case of a war would be to deprive them of that province, and thus the means afforded them from thence (much through our own citizens in that neighbourhood) would be annihilated. Besides, he observed, that the possession of that country by the British enabled them by the weight of their gold and assiduity to engage the Indian tribes (many even within our own country) to fight against us, whose incursion have many times proved very troublesome.
However gentlemen on both sides might vary, yet he knew both had the same rights and interest to maintain, and believed every gentleman to be impressed with the force of his own opinion; but he could not pass over the allegation which so frequently assailed those with whom he usually voted of a desire to enter into a war with Great Britain. He could not suppose that the house were disposed to admit of such a position: the charge he denied. However, he did believe that the resolution now before the house was calculated to "promote that end, if justice was not done by the belligerents. On any terms of justice, he would willingly meet either or both of those powers most cheerfully, but he could not consent to the renewal of intercourse with either whilst their system of injustice remains.
Mr. Burwell then reviewed the relative state of France in its power before and since the Spanish struggle; but he contended that there could not be a difference (essentially) in the power of the emperor of France in consequence of that circumstance; nor in the Portuguese emigration; that ought to alter the disposition of the nation from what it had hitherto maintained.
He contended that the freedom of our country held out (perhaps) a more dangerous example to Europe, who were, in general, observant of the progress of other countries in political liberty, although there were many who knew nothing of a government like ours.
As to the force of France to do our country any injury, whatever may have been the suggestions made, he feared not her power. She could not even subdue her own colonial subjects in the West-Indies. But admitting all the power which such could bring to bear on such an extensive country as this, with six millions of inhabitants to defend it, what fear could there be entertained of an invasion from any country so far separated from us as is Europe? Any danger from France, however, at this time, no man, he believed, would pretend to justify, and to place our safety upon the strength of Britain, to support herself against French aggressions, was as fallacious, since our situation must render us too safe to fear either.
In answer to a gentleman who wanted to know how we were to enter into this triple war, he would observe that even should the United States have war with both those powers at once, could any gentleman suppose it would continue long? No. He believed that measures would very soon be devised by one, if not both of those powers to obtain peace with a country which had offended neither. But here the operation, it was said, would not be equal to both. As to this, Mr. Burwell would say no more than that he wanted justice from both—if France rescinded her orders and Great Britain did

not, or if Britain rescinded hers and France did not, he would wish either to be equally treated. But he declared himself to be sincerely anxious for peace with both and with all the world; the only course which he could conceive would be proper, was to persevere in the same line of conduct which had characterized the government for some time past. —He was sensible that this intelligence would soon reach Europe, and consequently would operate upon their councils; if the house should determine upon a less operative system, he was anxious for a waiting the result of a delay, otherwise, he should wonder if six weeks did not produce the commencement of war. Whatever might be the result, he should most cheerfully co-operate to the utmost extent of the will of the house.
[Mr. Van Dyke's remarks in our next paper.] On motion, the committee rose; and on the Speaker's resuming the chair—
Mr. Dawson rose and moved that the question on the committee of the whole obtaining leave to sit again be postponed indefinitely. His principal reason urged for this motion was that as gentlemen had talked much respecting our state of national defence, and as no efficient defence was yet effectuated, and that as every gentleman who had spoken had more or less declared that England would view this measure in the situation of a declaration of war, he should wish to be prepared for war before it was to be declared or made. An efficient national defence was undoubtedly a pre-requisite to a measure so bold; when the defensive system was matured and in effect, then he would vote for the repeal of the embargo, but until that time, when war was the inevitable result, he never could.
Mr. Durell made a few observations on Mr. Dawson's motion in objection, when a motion for adjournment prevailed. So that the question to be argued on Thursday will be for the indefinite postponement of the resolution which has been arguing for a few days past.
FROM THE WASHINGTON FEDERALIST.
THURSDAY, February 2.
The resolution presented some days since by Mr. Bacon for referring to a joint committee of both houses, the petitions of a number of inhabitants of Massachusetts on the choice made of electors of president and vice-president, was taken up.
Mr. Randolph wished the resolution to be still upon the table. He was fearful that the principle contained in it was an alarming encroachment by the general government upon the dearest rights of the states. He thought if the house of representatives, took upon themselves to judge of the qualifications of electors, these electors would become a mere nullity, and congress might as well take the appointment of president into their own hands; and were this procedure to prevail, he apprehended the constitution would be verging to a class.
The resolution was suffered to remain upon the table. Mr. D. R. Williams called for the unfinished business of yesterday, on the resolutions to repeal the embargo, &c. —The speaker declared that upon reflection (the case having never before occurred) the motion of Mr. Dawson to postpone the question of granting leave to sit again, indefinitely, could not be, as that question must be decided before another could be in order.
The house then went into a committee of the whole on the resolutions. Col. Calhoun spoke against filling the blank with the first of June. He was willing to meet those who contended for this period, at a middle day, and would agree to fill it with the fourth of March.
The discussion was continued by Messrs. Southard, Updegraff, Durell, Smith, Gholson and Dana till after three o'clock, when the question on filling the blank with the first of June was taken, and lost, 73 to 40.
Mr. Randolph moved that the committee now rise. Carried.
The bill on the subject of fortifications was returned from the senate, with some amendments, one which provides for the erection of a fortification at Wind Mill Point, in Vermont. It was agreed to. Adjourned.
FRIDAY, February 3.
The speaker laid before the house a letter from Simon Snyder, governor of Pennsylvania, accompanied by a return of members elected in that state to serve in the next congress. Laid on the table.
Messrs. Nelson and Goldsborough respectively obtained leave of absence—the former for ten days, the latter for two weeks.
Mr. Van Dyke said he was instructed by the legislature of Delaware to use his exertions to procure the erection of certain fortifications on the river Delaware in that state. As a bill on the subject had already passed the house, and if these fortifications had not entered the views of the secretary of war, a specific appropriation would be necessary. He therefore offered a resolution directing the secretary of war to enquire into the expediency of erecting such fortifications, and the sum necessary to be appropriated for that purpose. This resolution was opposed by Messrs. Macon, Pitkin, Lyon, and the mover. Lost, only 23 rising in favour of it.
Mr. Lyon moved for the printing of the report of the committee of claims on the petition of Thomas Paine; carried. Mr. L. said Tom Paine was the most meritorious man now living.
Mr. Randolph rose in his place, for the purpose, he said, of making a motion which he had expected to have come before this time, from some other quarter. As it had not yet been made, he could not longer consent to neglect what he considered to be his duty, merely from the hope that the measure might be more zealously and ably supported by others at a future time.
It would not be new to the house, that rumours had gone abroad relative to the misapplication of publick money. —One of the highest duties of that house was to regulate and continue the disbursement of national treasure, and they ought not by negligence, or inattention, to lose that control.
At the first session of the 7th congress, (a period to which he delighted to recur, as it was the era of many salutary reforms in the conduct of our officers) a law was passed for fixing the military peace establishment of the United States. The 4th section of that act fixed the pay of the officers and privates of the army. (Mr. R. here read the 4th section, which, among other things, establishes the pay of the brigadier general, so long as he should continue to be commander in chief, at 25 dollars per month, which should be in lieu of rations, forage, and all other perquisites which he had been in the habit of drawing, except the stationary necessary for the use of his department.) Nothing, Mr. R. continued, could be more explicit than this statute, yet it had been said, but with what truth remained for them to investigate, that advances beyond this allowance had been made by the department to the brigadier general. There was not a single department of the government, not an individual in it, concerning whom he would receive charges of such a nature with more diffidence than the secretary of war. He had been so long acquainted with the economy and regularity of that gentleman, he so well knew his care and diligence in the expenditures of his department, to keep them within the appropriations made for it, that he could not lightly credit any rumour to his injury on that point. But that consideration rendered his claims to an investigation only the stronger. Both the officer implicated, and the nation were interested in the result of the resolution which he would then lay before the house.
Mr. R. then offered the following resolution, which was carried by nearly an unanimous vote. "Resolved, That a committee be appointed to enquire whether any advances of money have been made to the commander in chief, by the department of war, contrary to law; and if any, to what amount."
The order of the day on the resolution to repeal the embargo, was called for. Mr. Troup moved for its indefinite postponement. The question was taken by ayes and noes, and lost—ayes 93—noes 29.
YEAS—Messrs W. Acton, jun. Burt, Basset, Bibb, Blount, Butler, Calhoun, Clay, Gholson, Dawson, D. Durell, Franklin, Holland, J. G. Jackson, Kirkpatrick, Macon, John
Morrow, Porter, Say, Seaver, Smith, Taylor, Troup, Wharton, Whitehill, D. R. Williams, A. Wilson, and Winth—29.
NAYS—Messrs. L. J. Alston, Bacon, Barker, Blake, jun. Boyd, Byle, Brown, Burkell, Champion, Chittenden, Cook, Culpepper, Cuts, Davenport, jun. Desha, Durell, Ely, Eppes, Fendley, Fisk, Gardner, Gannett, Gholson, jun. Goodwin, Green, Harn, Heister, Holmes, Hoge, Holmes, Howard, Humphreys, Isley, R. S. Jackson, Jenkins, Jones, Kelly, Kenan, Key, Lambert, Lewis, jun. Livermore, Lloyd, Love, Lyon, Marion, Masters, McCreery, Milnor, D. Montgomery, jun. J. Montgomery, N. R. Moore, T. Moore, Jer. Morris, Mosely, Mumford, Newbold, Newton, Nicholas, Patten, Pugh, Quinney, Randolph, Rea (Penn.) Rhea (Tenn.) J. Richards, M. Richards, Riker, Rowan, Russell, Sawyer, Shaw, Sloan, Smelt, J. K. Smith, J. Smith, S. Smith, Stedman, Sterer, Sturgis, Swart, Taggart, Tallmadge, Thompson, Trigg, Updegraff, Van Allen, Van Cortlandt, Vandike, Van Horn, Van Rensselaer, Wilbour, and N. Wils—39.
The house then went into committee of the whole on the resolution.
Mr. Mosely spoke a few minutes in support of an immediate repeal of the embargo; but against the issuing of letters of marque.
The question was then taken on filling the blank with the 4th of March, and carried—ayes 70.
After a speech from Randolph of about two hours, in which he advocated an immediate repeal of the embargo and allowing merchandize to arm for defence alone, the question was taken on the first member of the resolution, as amended and carried—ayes 76. (This part of the resolution relates merely to the removal of the embargo laws.)
The question then recurred on the second member, which goes to authorise issuing of letters of marque and reprisal.
Mr. Randolph moved to strike out the words authorising letters of marque, and to insert in the room thereof, a provision granting to vessels owned wholly by American citizens the privilege of arming to defend themselves from savages by French or English cruizers under the orders or decrees.
Mr. Key after observing the importance of the questions involved by these propositions, moved that the committee should rise, report progress, and ask leave to sit again—Carried.
The committee had leave granted; and then the house adjourned.
VIRGINIA LEGISLATURE.
An Act concerning executions, and for other purposes, passed January 31, 1809.
1. Be it enacted by the General Assembly, That the defendant or defendants shall have power to stay execution upon any judgment or decree for money, which hath been or shall be rendered either by a court or justice of the peace, by tendering to the court or justice of the peace by whom judgment shall have been rendered, within sixty days after the rendition of any judgment hereafter to be rendered, or within sixty days from the commencement of this act, as to any judgment or decree heretofore rendered, bond with sufficient security, payable to the plaintiff, or plaintiffs, his, her or their executors, administrators or assigns, in double the amount of the demand, conditioned to pay the principal and interest; Provided always, that the said bond and security may be given, either in court, or in the clerk's office of said court at any time within the aforesaid sixty days.
2. And be it further enacted, That when any distress for rent due in money shall be made, the tenant may stay proceedings on such distress, by giving like bond with sufficient security, to the sheriff or other officer levying the same, payable to the landlord, his executors, administrators or assigns, which bond it shall be the duty of such officer to deliver to the landlord, his agent, or attorney; or to return the same to the clerk's office of the county, or corporation in which the distress shall have been made, within thirty days thereafter.
3. And be it further enacted, That no execution shall issue upon any replevy bond, bond given for property sold on twelve months credit, or forfeited forthcoming bond heretofore executed, provided, the obligors or their legal representatives shall give like bond and security to the court, or if that be not holden in the clerk's office of the court which by law now is, or hereafter shall be authorised to enforce the payment of such bond within sixty days after the passage of this act, or before such replevy bond shall become due, or execution be awarded on such forfeited forthcoming bond.
4. And be it further enacted, That every unsatisfied execution for money, which at the commencement of this act, shall be in the hands of any sheriff, or other officer, may be staid in the same manner as a judgment: Provided, the bond and security be given for such purpose before the officer proceeds to sell.
5. And be it further enacted, That the bonds taken in pursuance of this act, shall have the force of a judgment, and be assignable, and upon the expiration of this act, may be acted upon as twelve months replevy bonds may be proceeded upon when due.
6. And be it further enacted, That all proceedings shall be suspended upon any decree rendered by any court of chancery for the sale of real or personal property, and also all proceedings by any trustee on any deed of trust, may be staid in the same manner as a judgment may be staid by virtue of the first section of this act; in which case the bond with security is to be given in the name of the creditor to the trustee or commissioners: Provided nevertheless, That nothing in this act contained shall be so construed as to extend to any deed of trust, mortgage, or other lien on real or personal estate, given or created to indemnify any person or persons as security, or to secure the repayment of any money paid by any person or persons as security for another, or to secure the payment of any sum or sums of money, received by another as attorney, sheriff, sergeant, coroner, constable, guardian, executor, administrator or committee of an idiot or lunatick, or other person of unsound mind, or as receiver, or trustee under any order of decree of any court of law or equity.
7. And be it further enacted, That if at any time the obligee or obligees, his, her, or their executors, administrators or assigns of any of the bonds to be taken by virtue of this act, shall think the security insufficient, or likely to become so, he, she or they, as the case may be, shall have power upon giving ten days notice to the principal debtor, or debtors, his, her, or their executors or administrators, if to be found in the county or circuit, and if not to be found, on advertising the same for one month, at the courthouse door, to move the court, to stay whose judgment or execution the bond and security shall have been given, for new security, which if the court award, and the defendant or defendants, his, her or their executors or administrators, shall fail to give, he, she, or they, as the case may be, shall be deprived of the benefit of this act, and the bond therefore given, shall be proceeded upon as if this act had expired. The landlord, his executors, administrators or assigns, shall have the same remedy against his tenant, his, her or their executors or administrators, as to insufficient security, before the court of that county or corporation in which the distress was made.
8. And be it further enacted, That any security to bonds, given by virtue of this act, his, her or their executors or administrators, shall have power (with like notice) to require counter security, and upon failure of the principal debtor or debtors, his, her or their executors or administrators, to give such, he, she or they shall forfeit the privileges of this act, and execution may go against the principal debtor or debtors, his, her or their executors or administrators, in favour of the creditor, and for the relief of the said security or securities, who nevertheless shall remain bound to the original creditor in the terms of their bond.
Provided always, That no judgment, execution or sale shall be staid, until bond, with security, according to the provisions of this act, shall have been given, and that this act shall be construed to apply only to judgments for money arising upon contract heretofore entered into, and to judgments for money, which have been or may be rendered in suits where the cause of action shall have accrued before the passage of this act; but that it shall not extend to judgments in actions of slander, assault and battery, trespass, and actions on the case founded in tort, and that it shall not apply to any judgment which shall be, or may have been recovered by any person or persons, his, her or their executors or administrators, as security against another, or to any judgment which shall be, or may have been recovered by any person or persons, his, her or their executors or administrators, as security against the principal debtor or debtors, his, her or their executors or administrators, or to any judgment which hath been, or shall be rendered, or given in favour of any person or persons, against another, for any sum or sums of money received as attorney, sheriff, sergeant, coroner, constable, guardian, executor, administrator or committee of an idiot or lunatick, or other person of unsound mind, or as receiver, or trustee under any order or decree of any court of law or equity, or to any judgment which hath been or shall be recovered by the state, or to any judgment which hath been or shall be recovered against a sheriff, under sheriff or other publick officer, or their securities, or the heirs, executors or administrators of such sheriff or other publick officer, or their securities, for any other delinquency whatsoever, or to any judgment, which hath been, or shall be obtained by any bank established by law, or to any judgment or execution moved or issued by the Mutual Assurance Society, against fire on buildings of the state of Virginia, or by any body politic or corporate, against delinquent subscribers to their capital stock.
9. And be it further enacted, That nothing in this act contained shall be so construed as to prevent any plaintiff or plaintiffs, his, her, or their executors, administrators or assigns, whose judgment or execution may be staid by this act, from resorting to his, her or their original security or securities, his, her or their executors or administrators, for the recovery of his, her or their original debt or demand; Provided, due diligence be used after the expiration of this act to enforce the payment of such bond or bonds, as to him, her or them, may be made or given, under the authority of this act; nor shall any such bond be regarded as a satisfaction of the debt or demand, on account of which it shall be so made or given, until the same shall be actually paid.
10. Be it enacted, That such original security, his, her or their executors or administrators, may, at any time, move for counter security in the same manner as the securities mentioned in the eighth section of this act. And, in case the principal debtor or debtors, his, her or their executors or administrators, fail to give such security, then execution may immediately issue against such principal debtor or debtors, his, her or their executors or administrators, and his, her or their last security or securities, in favour of the creditor, and for the relief of the said original security or securities, who nevertheless shall remain bound to the creditor, in the terms of his, her or their original contract.
11. And be it further enacted, That in case any defendant or defendants shall fail to give such bond and security as is authorised by this act, until after the sheriff or other officer shall have levied any execution, which to him shall have issued, the sheriff or other officer, who shall so have levied the execution, shall be entitled to the same commissions as heretofore were allowed on taking replevy bonds, and may issue his tickets, and have the same remedy for their collection against such defendant or defendants, as heretofore was given against the plaintiff in such forthcoming bonds. And in such case, the sheriff or other officer shall deliver to such defendant or defendants, the property so taken in execution, upon his, her or their producing and delivering to him a certificate from the clerk issuing such execution, that bond with security hath been given according to the provisions of this act.
12. And be it further enacted, That the clerk of any court, or other officer, shall be entitled to sixty-three cents for each bond he may take under the authority of this act, to be paid by the defendant or defendants executing such bond, and collected in like manner as fees for other services.
13. Be it further enacted, That before any defendant or defendants, shall avail himself, herself or themselves, of all, or any of the provisions of this act, he, she or they shall pay off and satisfy all costs which shall have accrued upon the judgment, decree, execution, sale, or other proceeding to be staid.
14. And be it further enacted, That in all instances where any person, who, under the provisions of this act, is authorised to stay proceedings on any judgment, deed of trust, decree, execution, distress, or upon any forthcoming bond, replevy bond taken on distress for rent, or on levying an execution, or bond given for property sold on twelve months credit, by giving bond with security, in the manner heretofore directed, shall fail to avail himself of the indulgence, all property taken by virtue of such judgment, execution, decree, deed of trust, and upon every such forthcoming bond, replevy bond taken on distress for rent, or on levying an execution or bond given for property sold on twelve months credit, the time and place of sale being previously duly notified, shall be sold to the highest bidder, and bond or bonds from the purchaser or purchasers, unless he, she or they shall be the creditor, with sufficient security, shall be taken by the officer, or other person or persons conducting the sale, payable to him or them to whom the money may be due, to or to his, her or their executors or administrators, in double the amount of the purchase, conditioned for the payment of the amount purchased by the purchaser or purchasers, with interest on so much thereof as shall
be sufficient to satisfy the purchase, payable at the expiration or repeal of this act: And the said bond or bonds shall have the force of a judgment, shall be assignable, and when due, may be proceeded on as twelve months replevy bonds may be proceeded on when due.
15. And be it further enacted, That upon all mortgages and deeds of trust, where proceedings shall be delayed by the debtor giving bond with security, or where the property shall be sold, as prescribed by this act, the lien on the property so mortgaged or conveyed in trust, shall not be removed, until the bond so given shall be discharged, and when such discharge shall be in consequence of payment by the security or securities in any such bond, his, her or their executors or administrators, he, she or they so paying, shall acquire the right, and be substituted in the place of the original creditor or creditors holding such lien, and a sale may take place at the instance of the one, as it could have done at the instance of the other, had such payment not have been made.
16. And be it further enacted, When by virtue of this act, property shall be sold on a credit, to expire with the expiration or repeal of this act, where the property shall sell for more than the sum due from the debtor or debtors, the sheriff or other person making sale thereof, shall take bond with sufficient security, payable to the debtor or debtors, his, her or their executors or administrators, in double the amount of such excess, conditioned for the payment thereof, which bond shall have the force of a judgment, and at the expiration of this act the same proceedings shall be had thereon, as are had on twelve months replevy bonds when due.
17. And be it further enacted, That at the act, entitled "An act, concerning the sale of property under executions and incumbrances," passed the first day of February, in the year eighteen hundred and eight, shall be and the same is hereby repealed, except so much thereof as was intended to be perpetual.
18. This act shall continue in force till the rising of the next General Assembly.
19. This act shall be in force from the passing thereof.
BOSTON, January 23. BOSTON TOWN MEETING.
Second Rocking of the Cradle of American Independence.
At a legal meeting of the freeholders and other inhabitants of the town of Boston, in Faneuil Hall assembled.
STEPHEN CODMAN, Esq. Moderator.
The throne of grace was addressed in a fervent prayer by the Rev. Dr. Lathrop. The warrant for calling the meeting being then read.
The Hon. Thomas H. Perkins after a short exposition of the situation of publick affairs, offered to the town the following motion, which he read in his place, and afterwards laid it on the table, viz.
"WHEREAS it is provided in the Declaration of Rights of this commonwealth, that the people have a right, in an orderly and peaceable manner to assemble, to consult upon their common good, give instructions to their representatives, and to request of the legislative body by the way of addresses, petitions or remonstrances, redress the wrongs done them, and the grievances they suffer:
"Therefore, Resolved, as the sense of this town, That we view with the deepest concern and astonishment, the determination of the general government, to persevere in a system of commercial restriction, which is equally repugnant to the true intent and design of the constitution, and to the best interests of the union; or to relax it, with a view only to a state of hostility, which most probably terminate in an unnecessary and ruinous war with Great Britain, and a fatal alliance with France.—That having heretofore expressed our disapprobation of laws imposing an embargo on commerce, and signified to the constituted authorities of the union our earnest wish for their repeal, we perceive, with indignation and regret, that unprecedented, arbitrary and unconstitutional means have been provided, for enforcing them, and that no resource remains to us but in the protection of our State Legislature.
"Resolved, That a respectful petition be presented to the legislature of this commonwealth, expressive of these sentiments, and praying for their interposition, to save the people of this commonwealth from the destructive consequences which they apprehend to their liberties and prosperity from the continuance of the present system, and pledging the inhabitants of this metropolis to support them with their lives and fortunes in such measures as they may adopt for that purpose."
A debate ensued—Dr. Eustis moved the postponement of the consideration of the subject until Monday next; and that the motion should be printed, and distributed to the inhabitants. In this he was supported by Messrs. Blake, Jarvis, Austin and others; who contended that the motion was plain and explicit, on a subject which had excited every citizen's attention; and that if it was not understood, it might be read and re-read until every word of it was got by rote. The motion to postpone was negatived by a large majority.
The debate on the original motion was then resumed. The motion was advocated by Mr. Samuel Perkins, Capt. Sargent, and the Hon. Mr. Dexter. The latter went into an extensive view of the subject, and demonstrated to the satisfaction of every unbiased citizen, the unconstitutionality, not only of the last, but all the other embargo acts. Mr. Blake, (district attorney,) commenced an answer to the arguments of the gentlemen who favoured the motion; but soon after moved, that the meeting adjourn. This was negatived—and after a short conversation, in which Mr. Blake, Mr. Callender, Mr. Higginson, jun. and others took a part, the original motion was carried by an immense majority.
A motion was then made, that a committee be appointed to draft and report a petition to the legislature of Massachusetts, when the following gentlemen were chosen:
Hon. Thomas H. Perkins, Hon. John C. Jones, Hon. Samuel Dexter, Dr. John Warren, William Sullivan, Esq., Hon. Jonathan Mason, Theodore Lyman, Esq.
After which the town adjourned to ten o'clock, the next day, to receive the report of the committee.
Adjourned Meeting.—The town assembled yesterday, at ten o'clock, agreeably to adjournment, when

the committee appointed the day before, reported the draft of a memorial to the legislature of this commonwealth, contemplated in the resolutions adopted. [A copy of this memorial cannot be obtained until after it is presented to the general court.] This report occasioned another debate, which continued until 2 o'clock. It was advocated by the Hon. Messrs. Dexter and Otis, and Mr. Channing; and was opposed by Messrs. Eustis and Blake. The debate was animated: and the question to adopt the memorial as reported, passed by a majority of seven eighths of the crowded assembly; and the selectmen were directed to present the same to the legislature.
When this had passed, capt. Daniel Sargent rose, and after a very able and lucid development of the conduct of the general government, and the baneful tendency of their measures, particularly that of the late act for enforcing the embargo, he begged leave to offer the following additional resolutions, which he read in his place, and which were seconded, and presented to the chair—They were then read by the moderator; and passed, without debate, by the same commanding majorities by which the other proceedings were carried.
The following is an attested copy of the resolutions, viz.
WHEREAS the inhabitants of the town have expressed, in their memorial to the legislature of this state, their opinions on the aspect of our national affairs to the general system of policy adopted by the national government, and whatever difference of opinion may have heretofore existed on these subjects, yet all men who value personal security and civil liberty, must now concur in reprobating the arbitrary, unjust and tyrannical provisions of the act passed on the ninth of this month, for enforcing the embargo laws; and, it is therefore expedient to declare more fully the sentiments and feelings of the town on this subject:
And whereas, This act is in many respects repugnant to the constitution of the U. States, the state constitution, and to the fundamental principles of all free governments:
Inasmuch, as the enjoyment and use of our property, instead of being defined and protected by "Standing Laws," are subjected to the arbitrary will of the President, and to the caprice, the ignorance or malevolence of officers, who may be appointed by him, who are authorised to refuse to one citizen what is permitted to another, and to interdict at one time what was allowable and lawful at another:—
Instead of being "secure from unreasonable searches and seizures," we are exposed to the arbitrary power of those officers who at their own discretion, or according to secret instructions which they are bound to obey, are authorised to violate all our possessions, to seize any property which they may think fit to consider suspicious, and detain it until bonds are given to any amount which they may choose to require:—
An attempt is even made to deprive us of all remedy, by having recourse to the laws and courts of justice, where if we complain of injuries committed under this act, by an officer of the United States, he is to be justified and defended, not according to public and "Standing Law," but by secret changeable instructions from the President.
By this act, one citizen is liable to be seriously punished for the conduct of another, with whom he has no connexion whatever, and over whom he has no control.
Owners of vessels laden under the inspection of Custom House officers, with special permission of the collectors, and the express sanction of the laws, are now treated as offenders, are subjected to heavy pecuniary penalties and losses, and are liable even to forfeit the whole, in consequence of a proceeding which was at the time lawful and justifiable.
When exposed by inevitable accident to the rigorous penalties of this act, the citizen is required to exculpate himself by a species of evidence in many cases impossible to be produced, and is then left to sue for mercy and pardon to the STAR-CHAMBER decisions of an executive officer.
And finally, By this act our property may be seized and detained by military force; thereby preventing a resort to the civil tribunals and laws of the country, and destroying the subordination of the military to the civil authority; the standing army and militia may be employed for this purpose by any petty officer empowered by the administration, who may thus at their pleasure involve us in all the horrors of a civil war, or expose us to the more dreadful alternative of a permanent military despotism.
Therefore, Resolved, That we will not voluntarily aid or assist in the execution of the act passed on the ninth day of this month, for enforcing the several embargo laws; and that all those who shall so assist in enforcing upon others the arbitrary and unconstitutional provisions of this act, ought to be considered as enemies to the constitution of the United States and of this state, and hostile to the liberties of this people.
Resolved, That the raising a large standing army in a time of profound peace, with the name and title of "Volunteers," for the purpose of enforcing arbitrary and unconstitutional laws, and the attempt to place the military above the civil authority—though it cannot overawe nor dismay this great and powerful people—yet must be considered as dangerous to liberty, and ought to call forth the most pointed disapprobation of all its friends.
Resolved, That the example given by that veteran soldier, gen. Lincoln, and other undeviating patriots, in resigning offices intended to be prostituted to subserve the purposes of oppressing the citizens, and enforcing arbitrary edicts, ought to be imitated by all the public officers, and that the inhabitants of this town consider it as an highly honourable sacrifice of individual emolument to public welfare.
Voted, That these resolutions be adopted by the town, and printed in the public papers.
Attest. WM. COOPER, Town Clerk.
VIRGINIA BANK STOCK.
WANTED TO PURCHASE, VIRGINIA BANK STOCK, For which Cash will be given. Application to be made to the SECRETARY of the MARINE INSURANCE COMPANY. JOHN GRANBERY, President. Office of the Marine Insurance Company of Norfolk, Dec. 14.
THE PUBLICK LEDGER. WEDNESDAY EVENING, FEB. 8, 1809.
MR. BACON'S RESOLUTION, now depending before the House of Representatives, is in the following words:
"Resolved, That provision ought to be made by law, after the day of next, for authorising the commanders and crews of merchant vessels, owned wholly by citizens of the United States, to oppose and defend against any attempt at search, restraint or seizure by any armed vessel sailing under French or British colours, to repel by force any such attempt, to capture any vessel making an attempt to recapture any American vessel which may be taken by such armed vessel."
This resolution if adopted, and a law is founded thereon, is only a declaration of war, in a new mode. The right of search is established by ancient and modern law, as a right incident to a state of war. The famous Northern Confederacy, formed during our revolutionary war, attempted not to resist this right.
During the present contest between France and England, another confederacy was formed by the same powers as composed the former; those confederacies had for their object the establishment of the principle "that free ships made free goods" except contraband, and with the exception of vessels bound to a blockaded port. The first confederacy, was not opposed with force by Great Britain, but the second was, and was broken up, and this modern law of nations abandoned. It is to be observed that the confederates, did not openly profess their intention to resist the right of search, nor was any such intention ever manifested, until the affair of the Swedish convoy, in which the right of search was resisted by force; the captured ships of this convoy were condemned, for this resistance, as a breach of the laws of nations.
The belligerent maintains that the cruisers of every belligerent nation, have a right to visit and search all ships on the high seas, and that no neutral sovereign has a right by means of force to deprive a cruiser legally commissioned, of this right, and that the penalty of resistance to search, is the confiscation of the property withheld from search. These principles were argued with great ability, and established by Sir William Scott, in the case referred to, as consonant to the ancient law of nations, and usages of modern nations.
It does not appear that any of the champions of neutral rights, even Hubner their chief, has ever denied the right of visit and search.
The most ancient collection of marine laws is the Consolato del mare. In chap. 273 of that work it is laid down that the goods of enemy found on board of a neutral ship may be taken, &c. The right of search must be included in the right to take. Bynkershoek in reviewing this chapter from the Consolato del mare, states that belligerent vessels were warranted by the law of nations, to visit neutral ships, to examine their papers, and seize enemy's property, if any should be found on board, (Vide Quest. jur. pub. lib. 1. c. 14.) Vattel also maintains not only the right of visitation and search, but that resistance to that right was done cause of seizure and condemnation. (Vid. Vattel. droit des gens liv. 3. c. 7. art. 113. 114.)
We have taken this view of what is the law of nations, and although many authorities might be added, it is considered that these will be sufficient.—The usages, laws, and ordinances of the maritime nations of Europe will be next noticed. With respect to France, Vattel whose authority may be considered as that of a civilian, and a witness asserting a fact, says in the article 114 above noticed "On ne peut empêcher le transport des effets de contrebande, si l'on ne visite pas les vaisseaux neutres que l'on rencontre en mer. On est donc en droit de les visiter. Quelques nations puissantes ont refusé en différents tems de se soumettre à cette visite;—aujourd'hui un vaisseau neutre, que refuseroit de souffrir la visite, se seroit condamner par cela seul, comme étant de bonne prise."
In conformity with this principle the famous French ordinance of 1681, now in force, says that every vessel shall be good prize in case of resistance and combat, (Art. 12.) Valin says that though the expression is in the conjunctive, yet that resistance alone is sufficient. The Spanish ordinance of 1718 says, "in case of resistance or search," the neutral shall be good prize. In England the principle was settled in the case of the Swedish convoy, already noticed, in which country it is understood that resistance of search on the part of a neutral vessel to a lawful cruiser, is followed by confiscation. From what has been said, it will appear the resolution will subject the commerce of the United States to a danger to which it is not necessary to be exposed. It is perfectly understood that the measures proposed, have been produced by the unjust decrees of France and England, to which it is both our right and duty to make resistance, but it is not necessary to go beyond what is called for by the occasion. If this measure is adopted, as respects the right of search, we shall increase our commercial difficulties, in the attempt to innovate upon the laws of nations, as acknowledged by all maritime nations. The decrees and orders of France and Great Britain, only assail our commerce, when bound to the ports of each other; we speak only of the Berlin decree, and the Orders in Council: those outrageous decrees of Milan and Bayonne, are not noticed. A vessel of the United States, bound to or
from Great Britain or her dependencies, is, under the Berlin decree, subject to capture, and vice versa, under the Orders of Council; (with some modifications) when bound to and from a French port.
By opposing "any attempt at search" our vessels bound to ports, and places not contemplated in the orders or decrees, for example to Spain, Portugal, Sweden, Spanish and Portuguese colonies, China, India, &c. &c. would be subject to confiscation; further indeed, a vessel bound to France, by resistance of search to a French cruiser, might be confiscated, for cruisers knowing the intention of resistance, would use false colours, in order to provoke resistance. We think that a declaration of war, would be better than the measure as proposed, because it would not tend to deceive those, who might be captured, on account of following the laws of their country.
It appears to us, that if the embargo is raised, and owners allowed to arm in defence of their vessels (without the invitation to resist search) that the business will soon regulate itself. Merchants will arm or not according as they find their interest. If insurance can be made, so as to make the expense on the voyage, less upon the whole, without, than with arming, merchants will not arm. When arming is the interest of the merchant, and the trade is legal, resistance is justifiable, and gives a claim to indemnification, but it does not appear to be sound policy to put ourselves in the wrong, in resisting laws by which all nations are bound. If the law passes in this form, it will not be advisable to insure property in England, as the courts of law in that country have decided, that resistance of the right of search is a violation of the laws of nations, and will exonerate an underwriter, in case of capture and loss. In this country, without such a law as that contemplated, the same decision would it is believed, be made.
NATIONAL LEGISLATURE.—We have devoted a larger proportion of our paper than usual to the proceedings of the House of Representatives. The House it will appear has been mostly engaged in the consideration of the resolutions of Messrs. Nicholas and Bacon, for raising the embargo, and authorizing merchant vessels to arm for offence and defence. The resolution of Mr. Dawson, which was calculated to defeat those measures for the present, having been rejected by a large majority, shews that the sense of the house is in favour of the original resolutions. The filling up of the blank in the resolution for raising the embargo, with the "fourth of March," shews that with raising the embargo war immediately is not contemplated, because, the time is too short to make the necessary preparations. We are of opinion that the embargo will be raised, and merchant vessels allowed to arm in their own defence. In short that we will do that now, which we might and ought to have done, nine months since.
We feel no inclination to exult in perceiving that the administration is about to abandon a measure, upon which they had expected so much; on the contrary we give them credit for not persevering in a system which is at once ruinous and unpopular.—The wisest statesman may be mistaken in calculating the effects of a measure, but ignorance, obstinacy or wickedness alone will persevere in it, after experience has demonstrated that it does not produce the end proposed, and that so far from being salutary, it is highly pernicious.
The H. n. John Quincy Adams, passed through New York, and Philadelphia, last week on his way from Boston to Washington. Various conjectures are offered upon the object of his journey. Some assert, that he has taken this journey, in order to assure the administration that the opposition to the last embargo law, is more general than has been represented. Others assert that this Gentleman is immediately to be sent on a foreign embassy. Mr. Adams has been mentioned for Secretary of State, under Mr. Madison's administration, and which we think is not improbable.
Our readers will notice the resolution of Mr. Randolph, respecting the advance of money by the war department to general Wilkinson, contrary to law. We are informed from Washington, that this matter has assumed a serious aspect. General Dearborn had been nominated by the President as collector of Boston, but the senate had refused to confirm the appointment.
FOR THE LEDGER.
Communication.
The ships Nancy, and Six Sisters, sailed from Hampton Roads for New Orleans, on Sunday last, having on board a detachment of troops of the United States. As war is the order of the day, and as the nation is committed to the management of a democratically administration for four years more, at least, it might not be unsatisfactory, to exhibit an instance of the talents, and arrangement of the war department, in respect of this expedition.—The facts will be stated, as they have been communicated to the writer, and from sources, that leave no doubt of their correctness.
These two ships were chartered by the government to carry each a certain number of troops to New Orleans at ten dollars per head, according to their tonnage. The ships came from Baltimore to this place, to take on board the troops, which were
to be ready for embarkation by a certain day, under a penalty of a fixed rate of demurrage, if the troops were not ready.
The ship Nancy was to receive 225 soldiers and 8 officers; the Six Sisters, 260 soldiers and officers. After the ships had been some time on demurrage, they sailed; the Nancy with 140 soldiers and 8 officers; and the Six Sisters, with 100 soldiers and officers. As the owners of these vessels had made every necessary preparation on their parts, they were entitled to receive compensation for the number agreed for, and not that number actually put on board, and they have been paid accordingly. The result to the United States, will be exhibited by the following statement:
  The Nancy received as for two hundred and twenty-five soldiers at ten dollars per head, $2250   Eight officers at 20 dollars per head, 160   Demurrage, 680   3090   Carried only one hundred and forty soldiers at ten dollars per head, 1400   Eight Officers at 20 dollars per head, 160   1560   Loss to the United States, 1530   The Six Sisters received for two hundred soldiers at ten dollars per head, $2000   Demurrage, 300   2300   Carried one hundred soldiers and officers at ten dollars per head, 1000   Loss to the United States, 1300 
Thus by reason of the number of troops contracted for, not being here, and by detaining the ships for those that have been taken on board, the United States have paid for the transportation of 248 officers and soldiers $3990 dollars, instead of paying for the same $2500. This may be called management, but if all our warlike expeditions, are thus managed, Mr. Gallatin may devise new systems of finance.
It is further stated as a fact, that this detachment has been sent off without a single cartridge box. The writer does not communicate these circumstances with malice, but with a view to admonish those who are to conduct the country through a war of much expense, that more attention to business is requisite, than appears to have been bestowed on the present occasion.
WASHINGTON, February 1.
The Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, this day, in a letter to Mr. Hill, the American consul at St. Salvador, that the vessels of the United States will be treated in the ports of Brazil as those of the most favoured nation, and that it will be lawful for them...
1st. To enter all the ports of Brazil, where there are custom houses, and to import all sorts of goods, from whatever part of the world they may come, paying the accustomed duties paid by other nations.
2d. That American vessels are to pay the same anchorage that other vessels pay; and when there shall be a new regulation, they will be put upon the footing of other foreign vessels.
3d. That goods imported in American vessels, as well as those of every other foreign vessel, pay one third more of duty, and this is the only favour granted to the Portuguese mercantile marine, to use it from the low state in which it is.
4th. That every citizen of the United States, conforming himself to the laws of police, and making the necessary declarations on his entrance into the ports of Brazil, and taking afterwards the proper passports, may remain in, and transfer his residence to any part of Brazil, without being subjected to any tax or contribution of any sort; and that it will likewise be lawful for them in their own names, or in that of any mercantile house of which they may be the agents to transact and to treat of every kind of business, and to make sales and purchases of every kind of goods, on which they are to pay the lawful duties, excepting diamonds, gold and silver of Brazil, which are articles belonging exclusively to the crown, and royal revenue; the traffic in which is forbidden even to the subjects of this royal highness.
5th. The citizens of the United States may export from every kind of production or manufacture of Brazil the duty being so very small on some articles, that it might almost be said they were exported without paying duties.
6th. Every American vessel which enters the ports of Brazil ought to declare what goods she brings to be sold in the country, or if she wishes to carry them to other ports, she is to ask a clearance (Franquia) and in that case is only obliged to pay the duties on these articles really imported for the consumption of the country.
7th. There is no law here which prohibits the owners of American vessels from selling their vessels or disposing of them as they may think proper; and at present they are obliged to pay any thing, but perhaps a duty may hereafter be laid.
8th. No law prohibits the citizens of the United States from disposing freely of their property, either by donation, by will, or by succession—the Droit d'aubaine does not exist here, nor in matters of this kind are they treated differently from the subjects of his royal highness.
9th. The citizens of the United States, as well as those of every other state, will not be molested or disturbed in Brazil, or in the other dominions or territories of his royal highness, for their religious principles, which they may profess, particularly in their houses and in those of their ministers and consuls—nothing more being required from them on this point than the greatest respect in public for the general established religion of the country, and that they should avoid finding fault with it, or endeavouring to make proselytes for any new sect, which is strictly prohibited by the laws of his royal highness, and will be rigorously chastised by immediate expulsion, or by a severer punishment, if the crime is aggravated.
10th. The citizens of the United States may appear, and establish their rights in any tribunal of the country, in the same manner as the subjects of his royal highness; their persons and property being equally protected by the laws; and his royal highness will be able to assign them a judge to forward their cause, if the United States should so require.
Washington's Birth Night Ball.
A SUBSCRIPTION is opened at the Bar of the Exchange Coffee House, for a Ball on the Evening of the 22d inst. to celebrate the Anniversary of Washington's Birth. Feb. 8.
Newcomb's Packet, will sail for New-York on Tuesday next. Feb. 8.
Walker's Packet, will sail for Baltimore the first fair wind. Feb. 8.
Palmer's Packet, will sail for Alexandria the first fair wind. Feb. 8.

At a Meeting of the Proprietors of the Dismal Swamp Company, held at Williamsburg on the 19th ultimo, a Dividend of TWO HUNDRED DOLLARS on each quarter share was declared; which sum will be paid by a draught from the Managers upon their agent at Suffolk, after the first of March next; proper vouchers of the right of the claimants being produced, and subject to any discount the company may have against the claimants.
A Meeting of the Company is to be held annually at Suffolk on the first Tuesday in May, and it is requested the proprietors will be punctual in their attendance, either personally or by their attorneys.
William Nelson, John Bracken, Corbin Griffin, Jas. Henderson, } Managers.
February 24. 1aw3m
Norfolk Borough: At a Hastings Court continued and held the 24th day of July, 1805.
John Dixon and Sarah his wife, John Allen and Frances Keeling his wife, and Anne Moore Valentine an infant under the age of twenty one years by the said John Dixon, her guardian and next friend, —Complainants;
AGAINST Jacob Valentine, administrator of the goods and chattels of John Valentine, deceased, unadministered by Anne Valentine, the former administratrix, —Defendant.
THIS suit abates as to the complainant John Dixon by his death—The attachment awarded against the defendant being returned executed, and he having failed to file his answer—On the motion of the complainants, it is decreed and ordered that master commissioner Cowper, examine, state and settle an account of the slaves and other personal estate of John Valentine, deceased, which came into the hands of the defendant Jacob Valentine, and report any matters specially that either party may require.
A Copy, Teste, William Sharp, C. C.
THIRD NOTICE.
THE parties in this cause are desired to take notice, that I have appointed the third Tuesday in the next month February, being the 21st of the month, to carry the above order into execution, on which day at 10 o'clock in the forenoon, the said parties are requested to attend at my office.
JOHN COWPER, M. C. of Norfolk Borough Court. Commissioner's Office, Jan. 27, 1809.
Norfolk Borough, At a quarterly session court held the 28th day of November, 1808.
The Marine Insurance Company of Norfolk, —Plaintiffs,
Against Felix Corran, Michael Corran, Noble and Arbuthnot, & co and Theodrick Armitstead, —Defendants.
THE defendant Felix Corran not having entered his appearance and given security according to the act of assembly and the rules of this court, and it appearing to the satisfaction of the court that he is not an inhabitant of this commonwealth, on the motion of the plaintiffs by their counsel, it is ordered that the said defendant Felix Corran do appear here on the fourth Monday in February next and answer the bill of the plaintiffs, and that a copy of this order be forthwith inserted in one of the newspapers printed in this Borough for eight weeks successively, and posted at the front door of the courthouse of said Borough; and it is further ordered that the defendants Michael Corran, Noble and Arbuthnot, & co and Theodrick Armitstead, who have effects of the said Felix Corran in their hands do not pay, convey away or secrete such effects, but retain them until the further order or decree of this court.
A Copy, (Teste,) Wm. Sharp, c. c.
Dec. 2.
FOR SALE, The CARGO of the Schooner Cervo, D. Mourande, Master, from St. Jago de Cuba, COFFEE, in barrels and bags, of the first quality. SEGARS, in boxes— Now Landing at Commerce-Street Wharf. John Granbery.
January 23.
REMOVAL.
THE SUBSCRIBERS have removed to the end of Newton's Wharf, to the house lately occupied by Mr. Myers.
JENNINGS & RODDEY.
January 11.
NOTICE.
THE Partnership of T. & W. A. ARMISTEAD is this day dissolved by consent of parties. The settlement of its concerns devolves on W. A. ARMISTEAD, who is authorised to grant discharges, and on whom all persons having claims against the Firm, are requested to call.
January 5.
W. A. Armistead and George Kelly, have entered into Co-partnership. Their business will be conducted under the Firm of ARMISTEAD & KELLY.
January 16.
A BARGAIN OFFERED, In a fine and Valuable FARM, in the County of Princess Anne.
THE Subscriber is disposed to sell his Plantation called LEVEL GREEN, situated in the county of Princess Anne. It contains about 500 acres; and, as it may be advantageously divided into two or three Farms, the subscriber will accommodate a purchaser, in selling either the whole or a part. He will also give a long credit. This tract of Land is certainly the most desirable in the county, lying on the Eastern branch of Elizabeth River, and distant from Norfolk Market only five or six miles by water, and 8 or 9 by land. The soil is excellent, about one half of the tract being cleared land, and fit for immediate culture; the other heavily timbered with Oak, Pine, Ash, and Hickory. It has also the advantage of several good landings. Any one disposed to view the land, and to purchase, may apply, in the absence of the subscriber, to JAMES ROBINSON, or JOHN READ, who reside in the neighbourhood.
Tully Robinson.
Dec. 7.
75 barrels Rye WHISKEY, Landing this day from Walker's Packet.
In STORE, Coarse SALT, Brown dut, loose and in Sacks, St. Kitt's SUGAR in hds and bbls. diers. MOLASSES, Prime Green COFFEE, Havana MOLASSES, EARTHENWARE, well assorted. CLARET of superior quality in cases, MADEIRA WINE, DEMIJOHNS. Philadelphia PORTER—in wood. RICE in tiers and half tiers, Prime PORK—city inspection, Richmond TOBACCO, Petersburg. do TAR, PITCH, &c. &c. &c.
All of which we will dispose of on liberal terms.
C. & F. Whittle.
Jan. 25.
FOR NEW-ORLEANS, The American Ship ELIZABETH, 300 tons burthen, Timothy Tufts, Master, in complete order, will be ready to depart the 25th inst. For freight or passage apply to the captain on board, or to
C. & F. Whittle, Who are Landing per Goult's packet, a parcel of Choice Baltimore WHISKEY.
NEGROES will be taken in the above vessel at a moderate freight. Jan. 4.
FOR SALE, 100 barrels Philadelphia Loaf Sugar, first and second qualities. Donaldson, Thorburn & Co. January 25.
SPANISH HIDES. One Thousand SPANISH HIDES.—For Sale, by Wm. Plumbe, & Co. January 23.
FOR SALE BY THE SUBSCRIBER, The CARGO of the Ship Lowden from Liverpool, viz 7,000 bushels STOVED SALT, 7,000 do. COARSE do. 1,000 Sacks FINE do. A. MACLURE. January 25.
AT PRIVATE SALE, 4,000 bushels Turk's-Island SALT, 20 hds. LOAF SUGAR. By Sol: Marks, jr. Dec. 30.
LOST, Certificates for Stock in the Bank of Virginia, as follows:
 4 SITES in the name of William Pennock,  2 do. in the name of Sarah C. Pennock,  2 do. in the name of Courtney Pennock,  2 do. in the name of William H. Pennock.  TEN SHARES; for which ten shares application will be made for renewals, according to law. William Pennock. January 9.
FOR SALE In our Ware-House, where the largest vessel can come along side, 15,000 bushels of CORN, 2000 do. do. white, 30 bales Cotton. Also, 4000 bushels coarse SALT, 150 sacks Ground Allum do. 45 hogsheads old Antigua Rum, do. Jamaica do. 40 hogsheads Sugar, 80 barrels do. A few casks excellent Port Wine, Coffee in hogsheads, Madeira Wine, 45 crates Earthenware, Tobacco from several inspections. GEO. MURRAY, & Co. September 9.
COWPER & GRAY HAVE A LARGE TRACT OF PRIME JUNIPER SWAMP, Adjoining the Lake—which they wish to lease for the term of five years. Terms will be made known on application to G. Gray in Suffolk, or W. Cowper, in Gates. Suffolk, Jan. 9.
German Linen for Exportation.
NIEMEYER & VON KAPFF, OFFER FOR SALE At their Warehouse in Water-Street, at the corner of Maxwell's wharf, for cash, or approved paper only.
 54 packages of German Linen, consisting of  140 pieces Osnabrigs,  60 pieces Ticklenburgs,  500 pieces White Rolls,  900 pieces Bedens,  80 pieces Hessian,  Emitted to Drawback.
 1 case Platillas,  1 case Shirt Linen,  1 case Sheetings,  1 case Table Cloths,  1 case Bed-Ticking.  ALSO,
 40 pieces best Russia Canvass,  45 do. Taggalland Duck,  8000 Coffee Bags,  3,500 Gunny Bags,  90 boxes best Spanish Segars,  50 boxes English Pipes,  700 Straws 1-2 pt. Tumblers,  30 doz do. Decanters,  350 pieces excellent Oil Cloth,  350 pieces Paper Hanging,  3 cases Port-Wine.  And at their Store in Main-Street, a great variety of Cutlery and Fancy Articles. Apply as above. Nov. 9.
Phoenix Fire Office No. 13, MARKET-SQUARE, NORFOLK.
INSURANCE UPON SHIPS.
NOTICE is hereby given that the following premiums only, will henceforward be charged by this company for insurance from fire upon Ships, Vessels, and all Water Crafts, and also upon Cargo on board, in the seaports and rivers of Virginia and North-Carolina.
  One month 12 1/2 cents per $100   Two do. 20 do. do.   Three do. 25 do. do.   Four do. 30 do. do.   Five do. 35 do. do.   Six do. 40 do. do.   Seven do. 45 do. do.   Eight do. 50 do. do.   Nine do. 55 do. do.   Ten do. 60 do. do.   Eleven do. 65 do. do.   Twelve do. 70 do. do.   The above premiums will be charged for any sum not exceeding 40,000 dollars in one risk; but a separate sum must in all cases be specified on the ship and another on the cargo. Richard Taylor, Agent. Dec. 19.
NOTICE. All persons indebted to the estate of David Patterson, deceased, are desired to make immediate payment; and those having claims to render them properly attested, to D. R. WADDEY, Adm'r. Nov. 16.
Dr. Tissot's celebrated Gout and Rheumatic Drops.
The Gout, Rheumatism, Lumbago, and the various disorders of the same nature, are so exquisitely painful, and so difficult to be cured, that they have justly excited the utmost stretch of medical investigation. Some professional gentlemen have excelled in one department of the sciences; others in another. Dr. Tissot particularly has long been renowned for the superiority of his prescription in chronic diseases, and the length of time which elapsed during his sole attention to the nature and effects and cure of these affections, renders the medicines which he recommended of invaluable importance. The beneficial effects of these drops, have been so often experienced, and their extraordinary efficacy has been attested by witnesses so numerous and so unimpeachably credible, that incredulity itself cannot doubt the virtue of Dr. Tissot's Gout and Rheumatic Drops. Large quantities have already been vendee, and the sale is now become so general, and their certainty in curing the disorders of achromic nature is so completely ascertained, that certificates of their unbounded utility are now unnecessary. Testimonies of their value, and a volume of attested cases performed by them, may be seen upon application at T. W. Dyott's genuine Drug and Patent Medicine Warehouse, No. 37, South Second-street, Philadelphia.
The price of Dr. Tissot's Gout and Rheumatic Drops, is only two dollars per bottle, with copious directions. Generous allowances made to those who buy to sell again. Of the many respectable testimonies of the effects of the above Drops, which have been received by the proprietor, we beg leave to annex the following:
Certificate of General Ridgely of Hampton.
I certify that having received a blow on my knee, which induced severe pain and swelling, I was advised to apply to Dr. Tissot's Gout and Rheumatic Drops, and on bathing the part with them only a few times, agreeably to the directions, they effected a perfect cure. Another time my wrist was affected with rheumatism to such a degree, as to render my hand for the time useless, when on application of the same remedy in like manner, the disorder in the course of twenty-four hours was entirely removed.
I therefore, from the experience I have had of the efficacy of said medicine, consider it a beneficial act to recommend it in similar cases to others.
(Signed) C. RIDGELY, of Hampton.
Certificate of John Gibson, Esq. one of the Directors of the Former Bank of Maryland.
I certify that about a year since, my foot received an injury by a fall; in a few hours after it was affected with a most excruciating pain, so that I was unable to walk, with difficulty. I was apprehensive that this accident would induce a severe fit of the gout, with which I had been frequently attacked. In this situation one of my friends highly recommended and earnestly advised me to apply Dr. Tissot's Gout and Rheumatic Drops; I immediately procured them and made the application; in less than three hours the pain entirely abated, which had been so severe, as to deprive me of sleep for several nights. By a few further applications, a perfect cure succeeded. I have frequently since in other cases, both used them myself, and recommended them to others with invariable success.
(Signed) JOHN GIBSON.
Certificate of Mrs. Mary Taylor.
I, Mary Taylor, No. 135, Plumbe street, Philadelphia, aged upwards of seventy years, having been afflicted with very violent rheumatic pains for more than eight years, being recommended to apply Dr. Tissot's Gout and Rheumatic Drops, on only using half a bottle every rheumatic affection was completely removed, and I have continued free from all pain ever since; as witness my hand. MARY TAYLOR
The above drops are sold wholesale and retail only by BONSAL, CONRAD, & Co. Norfolk.
DR. ROBERTSON'S Patent Stomachick Wine Bitters.
Celebrated and well known for their superior qualities in restoring weak constitutions, destroying Worms, cleansing and strengthening, giving a proper tone to the stomach, and increasing the appetite—a frequent use of them is a certain preventative against those complaints so common in the spring and fall. Such as intermitting fevers, agues, autumnal fevers, dysenteries, &c. &c. They are particularly serviceable to those who make long sea-voyages, and are exposed to unhealthy climates, as a powerful preservative against contagious disorders.
PRO BONO PUBLICO.
Patent Water-Proof Brunswick Blacking, prepared with oil, which softens, preserves, and beautifies the leather. Words cannot set forth its just praise, nor can its transcendent qualities be truly known, but by experience; it is especially calculated for, and particularly recommended to sportsmen and gentlemen who are exposed much to the wet—Also for cleaning Harness, as it will effectually prevent the water from penetrating, preserve the leather from cracking, and render it supple and pleasant to the very last, giving it also a beautiful jet black gloss, a proof of which may be seen at the warehouse. The above Blacking is prepared and sold only by T. W. DYOTT, at his Medical Warehouse, No. 11, North Second-street, Philadelphia; sold also by his appointment, at BONSAL, CONRAD, & Co. Book-Store, Norfolk; and at SOMERVELL & CONRAD'S, Petersburg.
Where also may be had,
THE IMPERIAL WASH,
And new invented LIQUID, For taking out stains; and preserving the quality and colour of saddles, and tops of boots. May 20. lawly
FOR RENT,
That delightful little FARM, Belonging to the estate of David Patterson, deceased.
SITUATED on Elizabeth River and Tanner's Creek, adjoining the land of the quantantive house, containing about 65 acres, the greatest part of which is cleared and fit for immediate culture; has on it a good comfortable dwelling-house, kitchen, &c. for a small family, a most excellent garden, apple and peach orchard, and its convenience to the best fish, oysters, and Norfolk market, must render it desirable and valuable. For terms apply to D. R. Waddy.
ALSO, FOR RENT,
A TRACT OF LAND,
Containing about 360 acres, in the county of Princess Anne, adjoining the tract now advertised for sale by Mr. Tully Robinson. This tract is well timbered and well worth the attention of a good farmer, who might in a short time put it in a state of high cultivation.
And for Hire,
A Valuable BLACKSMITH,
With a complete set of Tools. For terms apply as above, or to Capt. Thomas Calvert, near Kempsville. Dec. 12.
FLOUR.
FOR SALE,
BY JOHN GRANBERY,
AT HIS WARE-HOUSE ON COMMERCE-STREET,
A small quantity of very excellent
New Flour,
in barrels and half-barrels, now on hand, fit for family use, and a regular supply expected from the Columbian Mills—Richmond inspection.
CASH given for good new flour barrels and half-barrels. Nov. 9.
THIRTY PIECES
RUSSIA CANVASS,
OF THE FIRST QUALITY,
For Sale for Cash, by
Niemeyer & Von Kapff. January 13.
DR. ROBERTSON'S Celebrated Stomachick Elixir of Health,
Which has proved by experience, to be the most valuable medicine ever yet offered to the publick for curing the Gout, Cramp, and wind in the stomach; also a certain cure for the Dysentery, or Bloody Flux, Cholera Morbus, severe Gripings, and all other diseases of the bowels, a dose never fails to remove a cold if taken soon, after its first appearance. It is also celebrated for carrying off superfluous bile, removing habitual costiveness, flatulency at the stomach, severe head aches, &c. &c.
The following certificates are selected from the many respectable ones lately received by the proprietor, and are now in his possession.
Certificate of Mr. William Julian, carpenter and builder, No. 69, South Fifth-Street, Philadelphia.
SIR—My wishes to promote the interest of superior merit, and to afford consolation to the afflicted, induces me to request you will lay my case before the publick, as an indubitable proof of the astonishing efficacy of Dr. Robertson's invaluable Stomachick Elixir of Health.
I do hereby certify, that I was seized most violently with the dysentery, or bloody flux, which reduced me to such a state that I was confined to my bed, and became so weak that I could not rise without assistance. My situation at that time became extremely alarming, as no relief could be obtained, I was given over, and even death would have been desirable to me, had not a friend of mine, who by chance called to see me, who had just recovered from a similar complaint, though not so severe as mine. He informed me that he was cured by taking Dr. Robertson's Stomachick Elixir of Health, and advised me to send to you for a bottle. I immediately did so, and by following your instructions even in the bottle, before I had taken half a bottle, I found myself much relieved, and my disorder greatly abated, and by continuing to take it, in one week I was able to walk out, and in less than a fortnight was able to attend to my business.
I therefore recommend every family to be provided with this invaluable medicine, particularly those who live at a distance in the country, where assistance cannot be immediately obtained. As I am convinced that Dr. Robertson's Stomachick Elixir of Health, is the most effectual remedy in the world, I have since recommended it to several of my friends in similar complaints, who have always been relieved immediately after taking it. Should any person with to be more fully convinced of its efficacy, I will with pleasure explain it to them by applying to me.
I am with a due sense of the benefit I have received thro' the efficacy of your medicine, Sir, your humble servant, WM JULION.
MR. DYOTT, Philadelphia, July 15th, 1807.
Certificate of Mr. George Stokes, South Water Street, Philadelphia.
SIR—For the benefit of the afflicted, I think proper to inform you that Dr. Robertson's Elixir of Health, has been to me, of the most essential service. I had been long time afflicted with a pain in my stomach, and continual head aches, attended with a flatulency at the stomach, which brought on a vomiting and lax, which continued on me until I became in a very weak state, without being able to get any relief, until I tried one bottle of Dr. Robertson's Elixir of Health, which entirely cured my disorder, except a weakness and want of appetite, for which I have since taken Dr. Robertson's Stomachick Wine Bitters, which quite restored my strength and appetite, and I now enjoy better health than I experienced for many months before. As I consider your medicines to have been the means of saving my life, I so as to publish my case for the benefit of others, who by abiding by the directions given with your invaluable medicine, will embrace the same means by which I have happily effected my recovery. I am, Sir, your obedient servant, GEORGE STOKES.
MR. DYOTT, Philadelphia, August 1, 1807.
ADDITIONAL CERTIFICATES.
Of Mr. John T. Solomon, Sixth near Race-Street, Philadelphia.
SIR—For the good of the publick and benefit of the afflicted, I think proper to inform you, that having laboured for upwards of six months, under a very bad cough, attended with a difficulty of breathing, pain in my breast and side, and a flatulency at my stomach; having lost all appetite, I became so very much reduced in my strength as to be unable to walk. I was considered in a consumption, and given up for a lost man. In this hopeless situation I had recourse to Dr. Robertson's Stomachick Elixir of Health, and to my great astonishment, before I had taken one bottle, found myself very much relieved. I expected a great quantity of phlegm, which has eased me of one of the most violent coughs that ever man had; I have taken it regularly ever since, and now find myself completely recovered, and shall certainly, for the benefit received, recommend it as far as I can, believing it to be a most efficacious medicine in the above complaint.
I am, Sir, with great respect, Your obliged humble servant, JOHN T. SOLOMON.
MR. T. W. DYOTT. August 22.
Certificate of Mr. John Lee, Philadelphia.
DEAR SIR—By the administration of Dr. Robertson's Elixir of Health, and that the publick may be acquainted with the good effect I have received from it, I wish you to publish the following:
About a fortnight ago I was seized with the influenza, or a violent cold attended with a pain in my limbs, and a violent cough, which effused on my lungs, and having been for some time before in a weakly state, I expected a consumption must soon have followed, had I not been advised to try Dr. Robertson's Elixir of Health, which has effectually removed my complaint, and I now feel better health than I have for some time before. It is impossible to say too much in favour of this invaluable medicine, as I am clearly convinced it is the most efficacious remedy ever offered to the publick, in the above complaint. I am, Sir, your obliged servant, JOHN LEE. November 11.
The above Medicine is sold wholesale and retail by the proprietor, T. W. DYOTT, No. 11, North Second-Street, Philadelphia; and by appointment at BONSAL & CONRAD'S Book Store, Norfolk; and at SOMERVELL & CONRAD'S, Petersburg. May 23. lawly
THE SUBSCRIBER Wishes to Sell, and will Sell or Rent on moderate terms,
That very excellent Wharf and Lot, in the town of Gosport, at present occupied by William Smith; the Wharf, Ware-Houses, and Dwelling-House are all in good repair.
Thirteen Lots in the Town of Suffolk;
And the following Property in Norfolk,
Two good Fire-Proof Warehouses
on the Eastern side of Commerce-Street, Nos. 4 and 6.
Two Dwelling-Houses and Lots
on Boush-street, in good repair, and very pleasantly situated. Apply to John Granbery, September 14.
WANTED ON HIRE,
BY THE MONTH,
A Young Negro Man.
Enquire at the Ledger Office. Jan. 25.