The Virginia gazette (Williamsburg [Va.]), 1775-07-15 00:00:00

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The following is a copy of a LETTER from General LEE to General BOURGOGNE, upon his arrival in Boston.
PHILADELPHIA, June 7, 1775.
MY DEAR SIR,
WE have had twenty different accounts of your arrival at Boston, which have been regularly contradicted the next morning; but as I now find it certain that you are arrived, I shall not delay a single instant addressing myself to you. It is a duty I owe to the friendship I have long and sincerely professed for you; a friendship to which you have the strongest claims from the first moments of our acquaintance. There is no man from whom I have received so many testimonies of esteem and affection; there is no man whose esteem and affection could, in my opinion, have done me greater honour. I entreat and conjure you, therefore, my dear Sir, to impute these lines not to a petulant itch of scribbling, but to the most unfeigned solicitude for the future tranquillity of your mind, and for your reputation. I sincerely lament the infatuation of the times, when men of such a stamp as Mr. Bourgogne and Mr. Howe can be seduced into so impious and nefarious a service by the artifice of a wicked and insidious Court and Cabinet. You, Sir, must be sensible that these epithets are not unjustly severe. You have yourself experienced the wickedness and treachery of this Court and Cabinet. You cannot but recollect their manoeuvres in your own select committee, and the treatment yourself, as President, received from these abandoned men. You cannot but recollect the black business of St. Vincent's, by an opposition to which you acquired the highest and most deserved honour. I shall not trouble you with my opinion of the right of taxing America without her own consent, as I am afraid, from what I have seen of your speeches, that you have already formed your creed on this article; but I will boldly affirm, had this right been established by a thousand statutes, had America admitted it from time immemorial, it would be the duty of every good Englishman to exert his utmost to divest Parliament of this right, as it must inevitably work the subversion of the whole empire. The malady under which the state labours is indisputably derived from the inadequate representation of the subject, and the vast pecuniary influence of the Crown. To add to this pecuniary influence and incompetency of representation is to insure and precipitate our destruction. To with any addition can scarcely enter the heart of a citizen who has the least spark of public virtue, and who is at the same time capable of seeing consequences the most immediate. I appeal, Sir, to your own conscience, to your experience and knowledge of our Court and Parliament; and I request you to lay your hand upon your heart, and then answer with your usual integrity and frankness, whether, on the supposition America should be abject enough to submit to the terms imposed, you think a single guinea raised upon her would be applied to the purpose (as it is ostentatiously held out to deceive the people at home) of easing the mother country; or whether you are not convinced that the whole they could extract would be applied solely to heap up still further the enormous fund for corruption, which the Crown already possesses, and of which the most diabolical use is made? On these principles I say, Sir, every good Englishman, abstracted of all regard for America, must oppose her being taxed by the British Parliament: For my own part, I am convinced that no argument (not totally abhorrent from the spirit of liberty and the British constitution) can be produced in support of this right. But it would be impertinent to trouble you upon a subject which has been so amply, and in my opinion so fully discussed. I find, by a speech given as your's in the papers, that it was by the King's positive command you embarked in this service. I am somewhat pleased that it is not an office of your own seeking, though, at the same time, I must confess that it is very alarming to every virtuous citizen, when he sees men of sense and integrity (because of a certain profession) lay it down as a rule implicitly to obey the mandates of a Court, be they ever so flagitious. It furnishes, in my opinion, the best arguments for the total reduction of the army. But I am running into a tedious essay, whereas I ought to confine myself to the main design and purpose of this letter, which is to guard you and your colleagues from those prejudices which the same miscreants, who have infatuated General Gage, and still surround him, will labour to instil into you against a brave, loyal, and most deserving people. The avenues of truth will be shut up to you. I assert, Sir, that even General Gage will deceive you, as he has deceived himself. I do not say he will do it designedly; I do not think him capable: But his mind is so totally poisoned, and his understanding so totally blinded, by the society of fools and knaves, that he no longer is capable of discerning facts as manifest as the noon day sun. I assert, Sir, that his letters to the Ministry (at least such as the public have seen) are one continued tissue of misrepresentation, injustice, and tortured inferences from mis-stated facts. I assert, Sir, that he has taken no pains to inform himself of the truth; that he has never conversed with a man who has had the courage or honesty to tell him the truth. I am apprehensive that you and your colleagues may fall into the same trap, and it is the apprehension that you may be inconsiderately hurried, by the vigour and activity you possess, into measures which may be fatal to many innocent individuals, may hereafter wound your own feelings, and which cannot possibly serve the cause of those who sent you, that has prompted me to address these lines to you. I most devoutly wish that your industry, valour, and military talents, may be reserved for a more honourable and virtuous service against the natural enemies of your country (to whom our Court are so basely complacent) and not in ineffectual attempts to reduce to the wretchedest state of servitude, the most meritorious part of your fellow subjects. I say, Sir, that any attempts to accomplish this
purpose must be ineffectual. You cannot possibly succeed. No man is better acquainted with the state of this continent than myself. I have ran through almost the whole colonies, from the north to the south, and from the south to the north. I have conversed with all orders of men, from the first titled Gentlemen to the lowest planters and farmers, and can assure you that the same spirit animates the whole. Not less than 150,000 Gentlemen, yeomen, and farmers, are now in arms, determined to preserve their liberties or perish. As to the idea that the Americans are deficient in courage, it is too ridiculous and glaringly false to deserve a serious refutation. I never could conceive upon what this notion was founded. I served several campaigns in America last war, and cannot recollect a single instance of ill behaviour in the provincials, where the regulars acquitted themselves well. Indeed we well remember some instances of the reverse, particularly where the late Col. Grant (he who lately pledged himself for the general cowardice of America) ran away with a large body of his own regiment, and was saved from destruction by the valour of a few Virginians. Such preposterous arguments are only proper for Rigby's and Sandwich's, from whose mouths never issued, and to whose breasts, truth and decency are utter strangers. You will much oblige me in communicating this letter to General Howe, to whom I could with it should be considered in some measure addressed; as well as to yourself. Mr. Howe is a man for whom I have ever had the highest love and reverence. I have honoured him for his own connexions, but above all for his admirable talents and good qualities. I have courted his acquaintance and friendship, not only as a pleasure, but as an ornament: I flattered myself that I had obtained it. Gracious God! is it possible that Mr. Howe should be prevailed upon to accept of such an office! That the brother of him, to whose memory the much injured people of Boston erected a monument, should be employed as one of the instruments of their destruction. But the fashion of the times, it seems, is such as renders it impossible he should avoid it. The commands of our most gracious Sovereign are to cancel all moral obligations, to sanctify every action, even those that the Satrap of an eastern Despot would start at. I shall now beg leave to say a few words with respect to myself, and the part I act. I was bred up, from my infancy, in the highest veneration for the liberties of mankind in general. What I have seen of Courts and Princes convinces me, that power cannot be lodged in worse hands than in theirs; and of all Courts I am persuaded that ours is the most corrupt and hostile to the rights of humanity. I am convinced that a regular plan has been laid (indeed every act since the present accession evinces it) to abolish even the shadow of liberty from amongst us. It was not the demolition of the tea, it was not any other particular act of the Bostonians, or of the other provinces, which constituted their crimes; but it is the noble spirit of liberty, pervading the whole continent, which has rendered them the objects of ministerial and royal vengeance. Had they been notoriously of another disposition, had they been homines ad servitutinem parates , they might have made as free with the property of the East India Company as the felonious North himself, with impunity. But the Loids of St. James's, and their mercenaries of St. Stephen's, will know, that as long as the free spirit of this great continent remains unsubdued, the progress they can make in their scheme of universal despotism will be but trifling. Hence it is that they wage inextiapable war against America. In short, this is the last asylum of persecuted liberty. Here, should the machinations and fury of her enemies prevail, that bright goddess must fly off from the face of the earth, and leave not a trace behind. These, Sir, are my principles; this is my persuasion, and consequently I am determined to act. I have now, Sir, only to entreat, that whatever measures you pursue, whether those which your real friends (myself amongst them) would wish, or unfortunately those which our accursed misrulers shall dictate, you will still believe me to be personally, with the greatest sincerity and affection. Yours's, &c. C. LEE.
march up to the trenches with fixed bayonets, and entered them; on which our people were ordered to retreat, which they did with all speed, till they got out of musket shot; they then formed, but were not pursued: In the mean time six men of war, and four floating batteries were brought up, and kept up a continual fire on the causeway that leads on to Charlestown; our people retreated through the fire, but not without the loss of many of the men. Our loss is 60 men killed and missing, and about 140 wounded. The brave Dr. Warren is among the former, and Col. Gardiner among the latter. We left 6 field pieces on the hill; our people are now entrenched on Pleasant Hill, within cannon shot of Bunker's Hill. The loss of the King's troops must be very considerable; the exact number we cannot tell. If our people had been supplied with ammunition they would have held possession most certainly. They have begun firing on Roxbury, with carcases to set it on fire, but have not yet succeeded. Our people are in high spirits, and are very earnest to put this matter on another trial."
PHILADELPHIA, June 28.
YESTERDAY arrived here an express from the American camp, who brought letters to the Congress, by him we have the following:
Extract of a letter from WEATHERSFIELD, June 22, 1775.
"Before this, you must know (I conclude) that there has been a battle, in which fell the honourable, the noble, Doctor Warren. For fear you may not have the particulars, I will endeavour in part to relate to you how the affair was, as by the best account I can gather from letters from the camp: — Last Friday afternoon, orders were issued for about 1800 of the provincial troops and 200 of the Connecticut, to parade themselves at six o'clock with one day's provision, equipped with packs, blankets, &c. their orders were given at 9 o'clock, and they marched with their teams, trenching tools, &c. on Bunker's Hill, to heave up an entrenchment, which you are sensible is near the water, ships, &c. they worked most surprisingly that night, and were discovered at sun-rise by a sailor from the mast head; the British army began a fire from Cop's Hill near Crotton's church, in Boston, and from all the ships that could be brought to play, which continued till near eight. About one o'clock P. M. the Americans at Cambridge heard that the regulars were landing from their floating batteries, and the alarm was sounded, and they were ordered down to the breast work at Charlestown. Before it was possible, Capt. Chester writes me, he could get there, the battle had begun in earnest, and cannon and musket ball were plenty about their ears: Chester and my brother both were in the engagement; they reinforced our men that had left the breast work, in fine order, though they passed through the cannonading of the ships, bombs, chain shot, ting shot, double headed shot, &c. but then their superior number of artillery and number of men, for they were 3 to 2, forced our men to retreat, after a warm engagement of one hour and a half. Thank Heaven but few of our men fell, considering the advantage they had of us; our men were much fatigued with working at the entrenchments, and I believe not in the best preparation in the world to meet an enemy. Add to this terrible scene, the British troops, to their eternal disgrace, shame, and barbarity, set Charlestown on fire with torches. My brother says, we were obliged to retreat upon Prospect Hill, where we made a stand, and said we would all die before we would retreat any further; but the British troops did not think fit to come out from under protection of their shipping. The loss of Americans is supposed to be of wounded, missing, and slain, about 120. A large genteel well dressed Gentleman that first mounted our breast work, was overlet by one of our impudent Americans, who took so good aim as to prevent his ever mounting another, as he tumbled him into the entrenchment, just as he cried, the day is our own. We greatly rejoice to hear of the coming of the good, the brave, and great, General Washington; we shall receive him with open arms."
The following is the copy of a note sent to Col. LINCOLN.
HINGHAM, Monday, June, 19, 1775.
"Yesterday I came out of Boston, at two o'clock, A. M. & heard the officers and soldiers say, that they were sure that they had 1000 or more men killed and wounded, that they were carrying the wounded from four o'clock on Saturday till I came away. General Howe commanded the troops. They buried their dead at Charlestown; among the dead was Major Pitcairn, and a great many other officers. There were 5000 soldiers went out of Boston. The soldiers and officers exult very much upon taking our lines."
JOB BRADFORD.
The following was added by a Gentleman who forwarded the above to this city.
"June 20, 1775. The above account of Capt. Bradford's is confirmed by two other channels, and agree."
Extract of a letter from CAMBRIDGE, June 20.
"We have just received an account by a man who is said to have swam out of Boston, that we killed and wounded 1000 of the Ministerial troops, among which is a General, Majors Sheriff and Pitcairn, and 60 other officers killed and 70 wounded. The whole of the troops landed at Charlestown, were 5000."
"In this action fell our worthy and much lamented friend Dr. Warren, with as much glory as Wolfe, after performing many feats of bravery, and exhibiting a coolness of conduct, which did honour to the judgment of his country, in appointing him a few days before, one of our Major Generals."
Extract of a letter from HARTFORD, June 23.
"Mr. Adams and Mr. Alcot, arrived from the provincial camp at Cambridge, which they left Wednesday at four o'clock in the afternoon; their account is as follows: Two hundred of the provincials killed, wounded, and taken prisoners. Officers killed; Major Moore, Dr. Warren, a Colonel, and a Captain, whose names are unknown. The New Hampshire regiment sustained the greatest loss in the engagement. The number of regu-
NEW YORK, June 26.
THE ship Juliana, Capt. Montgomery, arrived at Sandy Hook last Saturday night, from London, in which vessel our worthy Governor came passenger. He landed at 8 o'clock yesterday evening, and was conducted to the house of the Hon. Hugh Wallace, Esq; by an immense number of the principal people of this city.
Yesterday arrived here from Philadelphia, on their way for the camp at Boston, General Washington, appointed by the Hon. Continental Congress commander in chief of all the provincial troops in North America, attended by the Generals Lee and Schuyler: They were escorted by a party of light horse: The Generals landed at the seat of Col. Lippenard about 4 o'clock yesterday afternoon, from whence they were conducted by nine companies of foot, in their uniforms, and a greater number of the principal inhabitants of this city, than ever appeared here on any occasion before.
Extract of a letter from a Gentleman at PROVIDENCE [45 miles from Boston] to his friend in this city, dated June 20, 1775.
"You doubtless have been alarmed with divers accounts of the contest which happened on the 17th instant, between the King's troops and our army; shall give you a narrative in a few words, as the post now waits."
"On the evening of the 16th, Col. Putnam took possession of Bunker's Hill, with about 2000 men, and began an entrenchment, which they had made some progress in. At 8 in the morning, a party of regulars landed at Charlestown, and fired the town in divers places. Under cover of the smoke, a body of 5000 men marched up to our entrenchments, and made a furious and sudden attack; they were drove back three times; and when they were making the third attack, one of our people imprudently spoke aloud that their powder was all gone; which being heard by some of the regular officers, they encouraged their men to

at this battle were between 4 and 5000, 1000 of which are killed and wounded.
The provincials who opposed them were about 2000, who repulsed the regulars three times.
The provincials were entrenched at Breed's Hill, and were there first attacked; they are now entrenched on Prospect Hill, and the regulars are entrenched at Bunker's Hill, so that they are now only a mile and half distant from each other.
Col. Gardiner, who was wounded, is likely to recover in a few days.
Yesterday morning sat out from this city, for the American camp at Cambridge, John Sullivan, Esq; of New Hampshire, being appointed a Brigadier General by the Honourable Continental Congress. He was accompanied some distance from the city by a detachment of the light infantry of the third battalion, and a number of the officers of the militia, and other Gentlemen.
A LETTER to Major General DAVID WOOSTER Esquire, at GREENWICH.
SIR, Fairfield, June 25, 1775, 12 o'clock.
Captain Jonathan Maltbie, who went express from here last Sabbath, has this day returned from Watertown, which place he left last Thursday at 4 o'clock in the afternoon, and the intelligence brought by him being so direct, I thought it my duty to forward it to you, which is as follows: viz.
Copy of a letter from Mr. ISAAC LATHROP, one of the Provincial Congress at WATERTOWN.
BEFORE this reaches you, you will doubtless hear of the engagement last Saturday, between our troops and those of the army at Boston; but least you should not be well informed, I will now undertake to give you as regular an account as can at present be obtained: Last Friday evening, a detachment from the camp at Cambridge, marched to Charlestown, and there took possession of Breed's Hill, about half a mile from the ferry, their intrenching tools not coming up in season, it was 12 o'clock before they began their works; as soon as day-light appeared, they were discovered from Boston, when the men of war at the ferry, the battery from Cop's Hill, and the floating batteries, kept up a cannonading and bombarding, which fortunately did but little execution, although our intrenchments were very far from being completed; this continued till about two o'clock, when a large army of between 4 and 5000 (as we since hear from Boston) under the command of General Howe, landed on the back of the hill, and marched with great seeming resolution towards our lines: Our men relieved their fire till the enemy had advanced very near, when a general engagement ensued; the fire from our lines was so excessive heavy, and made such a terrible slaughter, as obliged the enemy twice to give way, although many of their officers stood in the rear with their swords pointed at their backs ready to run them through. Our men kept up a continual blaze upon them for about an hour with such execution as is scarce credible. The enemy then came on the flanks, marched up and forced their way over the ramparts, with fixed bayonets, cutlasses, and hand grenades, which obliged our little brave army, consisting only of about 1500 men at most, to retreat.
The town of Charlestown was fired in various parts during the action, and is now consumed to a wretched heap of rubbish. I kept my ground at Watertown; but what with the thundering of cannon and small arms, the conflagration of Charlestown, the waggons and horse-litters with the wounded men coming to the hospital in this town, and the screaming of express-men to and fro, exhibited such an awful scene, as I pray God Almighty I may never again behold. The brave and worthy Dr. Warren was killed, stripped, and buried within the intrenchment. Our numbers killed are not yet known, but by the best account I can obtain it will not much exceed 50, and the wounded short of 100. Several credible persons have since made their escape out of Boston, some of whom I well know. The latest out says, that upwards of 1400 of the enemy were killed and wounded, with 84 officers, and 23 of our men were made prisoners, and the enemy had buried 41 of our dead. All agree that the loss of the enemy in killed and wounded, is more than 1000. General Howe says, you may talk of your Mindens, Fontenoy, &c. but he never saw, nor heard of such a carnage in so short a time. All the Surgeons in the army with what they could get in Boston, were not sufficient to dress the wounded. Although they were 24 hours night and day in removing them from Charlestown, with the assistance of many of the inhabitants of Boston, whom they pressed into the service, many died in the streets on their way to the hospital.
N. B. Dr. Mather had his whole furniture, with his library, plate, &c. consumed in the fire at Charlestown. I have employed Mr. Samuel Penfield to go with this; if you think it proper to forward this account to New York, he will be ready to serve you. You will excuse my sending it open, as I think it is best for every one to know with what bravery our men have acted, and how God in his providence seems to appear for us. Mr. Penfield will also hand you a paper from Cambridge which contains some particulars.
I am, in the utmost haste, Sir, Your friend and humble servant, THADDEUS BURR.
A letter dated in Roxbury, June 22, gives much the same accounts of the action of the 17th, that we have in the above account, and that by the returns it appears that our loss was 58 killed and missing, and about 90 wounded, and that the killed and wounded of the regulars were 990, among whom were 70 officers including the Majors Pitcairn and Sheriff, and one general officer.
Last night some of our Indians killed three of their guards and took a watch and 30 dollars. Yesterday our advanced party at Dorchester fired into a boat that was founding, and killed 4, on which they went off. Capt. Gait had 10 of his men wounded, 2 dangerously. We are fortifying here, and hope to give them a warm reception when they come out; we expect another visit on the arrival of the forces which they daily expect. Col. W. of Saybrook says, that at the time our people left the ground we had much the better of the enemy, and only retired for want of powder.
Extract of a letter from CHARLESTOWN, SOUTH CAROLINA, June 10, 1775.
Our Congress have done hard duty this week, and are still sitting; they have resolved to raise two regiments (each 750 men) of foot, and another of horse to consist of 450, exclusive of officers; the command of one regiment is to be given to Mr. Gadsden, as chief Colonel, and Isaac Huger, as Lieutenant Colonel; the other officers are to be determined on this evening. About 200 Gentlemen I am informed are candidates for commissions in our provincials.
We are informed the Whigs and Tories at Georgia are disputing with each other, and that Governor Wright is much alarmed for his safety; the officers of the grenadier company in that colony, on receiving some orders from Governor Wright, positively refused to pay any attention thereto, threw down their commissions, and declared they would fight in defence of their liberties. Thursday evening arrived here the troop of light horse, belonging to this city, after escorting Generals Washington, Lee, and Schuyler to New Rochelle (about 20 miles beyond New York) upon their way to the American camp at Cambridge.
Permitting, &c.
IN ASSEMBLY, JUNE 30, 1775.
The House taking into consideration, that many of the good people of this province are conscientiously scrupulous of bearing arms, do hereby earnestly recommend to the associators for the defence of their country, and others, that they bear a tender and brotherly regard towards this class of their fellow subjects and countrymen; and to these conscientious people, it is also recommended, that they cheerfully assist in proportion to their abilities,
such persons as cannot spend both time and substance in the service of their country, without great injury to themselves and families.
Extract from the Journals.
CHARLES MOORE, Clk. of Assembly.
Extract of a letter from a Gentleman in the township of BYGATE, on CONNECTICUT river, to his father in NEW JERSEY, dated June 10, 1775.
The Indian and Canadian war is all vanished. We have had positive accounts from many of the Indian tribes, who are certainly applied to by Governor Carleton to distress the settlements, but they say they have received no offence from the people, so will not make war with them. The French say it is a war of our own raising, and they will have no part in it.
Extract of a letter from a Gentleman at STOCKBRIDGE, (MASSACHUSETTS BAY) to a Gentleman of the Congress, dated June 22.
A firm foundation now turns up to view, for the influence of the Stockbridge Indians among the Six Nations, and matters stand well with the Canadian Indians. If I had time, I would relate to you every particular of what befall the messengers of our Indians to the Six Nations, and the Canadian Indians. To be short, they were taken and bound by the regulars, and carried into Montreal, where, by a court martial they were condemned to be hanged, for a slight suspicion that they were sent to engage the Indians to fall upon the regulars. This event turned much to our advantage, and has fully fixed the minds of the Indians there against the regulars. High threatening words passed between the General and the Indian Sachems, who were raised far and near on the occasion, and a wonderful spirit of benevolence appeared towards the young men that were taken by the Indians there. They told them, in the strongest terms, That they would take their place, they would die for them. The whole story is very affecting. The Indian Sachems told the General, You have offered us money to fight for you, but we would not take it, as we would have nothing to do with your quarrel, but now we shall know who are our enemies. If you think it best for you to hang our brothers, that came a great way to see us, do it, but remember we shall not forget it. Upon these threatenings they thought it best to let the prisoners go, who got away with some difficulty. The Canadian Indians further told our Indians, That if they did fight at all they would fight against the Regulars, for they did not like them.
Extract of a letter from PROVIDENCE, June 20.
Our government have ordered two cruisers to be equipped and sent out to protect the trade. They have re-taken Lindsey's packet in sight of the men of war. The men of war have taken Mr. Gibbs's brig, with a load of flour from Philadelphia, and have taken her cargo on board for fear she should be re-taken.
By his Excellency the Hon. THOMAS GAGE, Governor and Commander in Chief in and over his Majesty's province of Massachusetts Bay, and Vice Admiral of the same.
A PROCLAMATION.
WHEREAS the insatuated multitudes, who have long suffered themselves to be conducted by well known incendiaries and traitors, in a fatal progression of crimes against the constitutional authority of the state, have at length proceeded to avowed rebellion; and the good effects which were expected to arise from the patience and lenity of the King's government have been often frustrated, and are now rendered hopeless, by the influence of the same evil counsels; it only remains for those who are entrusted with supreme rule, as well for the punishment of the guilty, as the protection of the well-affected, to prove they do not bear the sword in vain.
The infringements which have been committed upon the most sacred rights of the Crown and people of Great Britain, are too many to enumerate on one side, and are all too atrocious to be palliated on the other. All unprejudiced people who have been witnesses of the late transactions, in this and the neighbouring provinces, will find, upon a transient review, marks of premeditation and conspiracy that would justify the fullness of chastisement. And even those who are least acquainted with facts cannot fail to receive a just impression of their enormity, in proportion as they discover the arts and address by which they have been falsified or concealed. The authors of the present unnatural revolt never daring to trust their cause, or their actions, to the judgment of an impartial public, or even to the dispassionate reflection of their followers, have uniformly placed their chief confidence in the suppression of truth: And while indefatigable and shameless pains have been taken to obstruct every appeal to the real interest of the people of America, the grossest forgeries, calumnies, and absurdities, that ever insulted human understanding, have been imposed on their credulity. The press, that distinguished appendage of public liberty, and, when fairly and impartially employed, its best support, has been invariably prostituted to the most contrary purposes; the animated language of ancient and virtuous times, calculated to vindicate and promote the just rights and interest of mankind, hath been applied to countenance the most abandoned violation of those sacred blessings; and not only from the flagitious prints, but from the popular harangues of the times, men have been taught to depend upon activity in treason for the security of their persons and properties; till, to complete the horrid profanation of terms, and of ideas, the name of God has been introduced into the pulpits to excite and justify devastation and massacre.
The minds of men having been thus gradually prepared for the worst extremities, a number of armed persons, to the amount of many thousands, assembled on the 19th of April last, and from behind walls and lurking holes attacked a detachment of the King's troops, who, not expecting so consummate an act of frenzy, unprepared for vengeance, and willing to decline it, made use of their arms only in their own defence. Since that period the rebels, deriving confidence from impunity, have added insult to outrage; have repeatedly fired upon the King's ships and subjects, with cannon and small arms; have possessed the roads, and other communications by which the town of Boston was supplied with provisions; and, with a preposterous parade of military arrangements, they affected to hold the army besieged, while part of their body make daily and indiscriminate invasions upon private property, and, with a wantonness of cruelty ever incident to lawless tumult, carry depredations and distress wherever they turn their steps. The actions of the 19th of April are of such notoriety as must baffle all attempts to contradict them, and the flames of buildings, and other property, from the islands, and adjacent country, for some weeks past, spread melancholy confirmation of the subsequent assertions.
In this exigency of complicated calamities, I avail myself of the last effort within the bounds of my duty, to spare the effusion of blood; to offer, and I do hereby, in his Majesty's name, offer and promise his most gracious pardon to all persons who shall forthwith lay down their arms, and return to the duties of peaceable subjects, excepting only from the benefit of such pardon SAMUEL ADAMS and JOHN HANCOCK , whose offences are of too flagitious a nature to admit of any other consideration than that of condign punishment.
And, to the end that no person within the limits of this proffered mercy may plead ignorance of the consequences of refusing it, I, by these presents, proclaim not only the persons above named and excepted, but also all their adherents, associates, and abettors, meaning to comprehend in those terms all and every person and persons, of what class, denomination, or description soever, who have appeared in arms against the King's government, and shall not lay down the same as afore-mentioned; and likewise all such as shall so take arms after the date hereof, or who shall in any wise protect or conceal such offenders, or assist them with money, provision, cattle, arms, ammunition, carriages, or any other necessaries for subsistence or offence; or shall hold secret
correspondence with them by letter, message, signal, or otherwise, to be rebels and traitors, and as such to be treated.
AND WHEREAS, during the continuance of the present unnatural rebellion, justice cannot be administered by the common law of the land, the course whereof has for a long time past been violently impeded, and wholly interrupted; from whence results a necessity for using and exercising the Law Martial: I have therefore thought fit, by the authority vested in me, by the royal charter of this province, to publish, and I do hereby publish, proclaim, and order the use and exercise of the Law Martial, within and throughout this province, for so long time as the present unhappy occasion shall necessarily require; whereof all persons are hereby required to take notice, and govern themselves, as well to maintain order and regularity among the peaceable inhabitants of this province, as to resist or encounter and subdue the rebels and traitors above described, by such as shall be called upon for those purposes.
To these inevitable, but I trust salutary measures, it is a far more pleasing part of duty to add the assurances of protection and support to all who, in so trying a crisis, shall manifest their allegiance to the King, and affection to the parent state; so that such persons as may have been intimidated to quit their habitations, in the course of this alarm, may return to their respective callings and professions, and may stand distinct and separate from the Parricides of the constitution, till GOD in his mercy shall restore to his creatures, in this distracted land, that system of happiness from which they have been seduced, the religion of peace and liberty, founded upon law.
GIVEN at Boston, this 12th day of June, in the 15th year of the reign of his Majesty GEORGE III. by the grace of GOD, of Great Britain, France and Ireland, KING, Defender of the Faith, &c. Annoque Domini, 1775.
By his Excellency's command, THO'S PLUCKER, Secretary. GOD SAVE THE KING.
MADRID, April 10.
As it is no longer to be doubted but a speedy and solid peace will be concluded with the Emperor of Morocco, every body is much surprised that the fitting out ships of war still goes on with great diligence. The King has taken a foreign vessel into his service, and has laid an embargo on all the transports. Several regiments are actually marching towards our seaports.
HAGUE, April 29. Some authentic letters from Mogador, dated the 15th of February, mention, that the Emperor of Morocco has sent letters to the Governor of that place, and to that of the Porte, with orders to them, not in any respect to insult the subjects of the States General established in his country, nor any of the merchants ships which trade to that port; but, on the contrary, to assure them, that both themselves and their effects may depend upon the most perfect security; as it is his Majesty's pleasure, that all those who disobey his orders on that head be severely punished. Moreover, this Prince offers all the Dutch Captains who ask it, passports, which enable them to carry on their trade all along the coast in safety.
May 3. A Prussian camp of 50,000 men is ordered between Cleve and Vessel, which greatly alarms our neighbourhood. The Elector of Bavaria is in a declining state of health, whose demise will, in all appearance, occasion a new war among the Princes of the empire about the succession to the Electoral dignity.
AMSTERDAM, May 4. If we may credit foreign intelligence, great changes will take place very soon in Europe. Letters from Paris assure, that orders have been sent to Brest to fit out seventeen ships of war with the utmost diligence; which gives room for many conjectures. These letters add, that some people are of opinion, that this squadron is to join the Spanish fleet, which consists of the same number of ships, and then steer in concert towards America. Others, on the contrary, suppose that this armament has no other object but to guard against the great preparations making by Great Britain to subdue her colonies.
May 11. Letters from Mogador, dated the 16th and 17th of March last, advise, that the Emperor of Morocco had published an order, forbidding all ships to touch at his ports, or to enter them after sunset, or in the night, under the penalty of a fine of 1000 pieces of eight.
SALONICA, March 11. By letters from Scio, of the last month, we learn, that an order from the Grand Seignor, enjoining all the Christian women in that island, who had been married to Turks to abandon them; and that, for the future, no Turk should marry a Christian woman. This order is said to have been obtained in consequence of a petition of the women of that island to the Grand Sultaness, to whom his Highness refuses nothing.
PARIS, April 28. It is said that the Count de Guignes will be replaced in his embassy at London by the Marquis de Noailles.
May 2. Four hundred of the corps of artillery have been sent from Auxerre to quell the insurrection at Dijon. A battalion of the regiment of Aunis is likewise ordered thither from Besancon, and will remain there whilst the Prince of Conde is holding the States of Burgundy.
LONDON, May 5.
To the Right Hon. the EARL of HERTFORD, Lord Chamberlain of the King's Household.
My Lord, MANSION HOUSE, May 2, 1775.
IT is impossible for me to express, or conceal, the extreme astonishment and grief I felt at the notice your Lordship's letter gave me, as chief magistrate of the city, "that for the future his Majesty will not receive on the Throne any address, remonstrance, and petition, but from the body corporate of the city."
I entreat your Lordship to lay me, with all humility, at the King's feet, and, as I have now the honour to be chief magistrate, in my name to supplicate his Majesty's justice and goodness in behalf of the Livery of London; that he would be graciously pleased to revoke an order highly injurious to their rights and privileges, which in this instance have been constantly respected, and carefully preserved by all his Royal predecessors. The Livery of London, my Lord, have approved themselves the zealous friends of Liberty and the Protestant succession. They have steadily pursued only those measures which were calculated to secure the free constitution of this country; and this your Lordship well knows has created them the hatred of all the partisans of the exiled and proscribed family. They form the great and powerful body of the Corporation, in whom most important powers are vested, the election of the first Magistrate, the Sheriffs, the Chamberlain, the auditors of the receipt and expenditure of their revenues, and of the four members who represent in Parliament the capital of this vast empire. The full body corporate never assemble, nor could they legally act together as one great, aggregate body; for, by the constitution of the city, particular and distinct privileges are reserved to the various members of the Corporation, to the Freemen, to the Liverymen, to the Common Council, to the Court of Aldermen. His Majesty's Solicitor General (Mr. Wedderburn) was consulted by the city in the year 1775, respecting the legality of Common Halls, and the remonstrances of the Livery. In conjunction with Mr. Serjeant Glynn, Mr. Dunning, and Mr. Nugent, he gave an opinion, which I have the honour of transcribing from our records.
"We apprehend that the head officer of every Corporation may convene the body, or any class of it, whenever he thinks proper; that the Lord Mayor for the time being may, of his own authority, legally call a Common Hall; and we see no legal objection to his calling the same last: We conceive it to be the duty of the proper officers of the several companies, in whom

precepts for the purpose of summoning their respective Liveries have been usually directed, to execute those precepts, and that wilful refusal on their part is an offence punishable by disfranchisement."
The city, my Lord, have been careful that all their proceedings should be grounded in the true principles of law, and the constitution. Notwithstanding it is the clear right of the subject to petition the King for the redress of grievances, a right which so many thousands of our fellow subjects, my Lord, have justly thought it their duty very frequently to exercise in the last ten years, yet the city, from excess of caution, took a great legal opinion in the case, and I find the following words entered in their journals by the express order of the Common Hall.
"The Livery of London, legally assembled in Common Hall, either on Midsummer, Michaelmas, or any other day, have an undoubted right to take into consideration any matter of public grievance they may think proper. It is beyond dispute that the right is inherent in them. " A jury have likewise declared this in a solemn verdict.
I have been thus particular, my Lord, on this subject from our records, because I differ in one point from the last opinion, which I quoted; for I know there is no right or privilege of this free people, or of mankind, but what has been disputed , and even denied , by pensioned pens and tongues in the service of the arbitrary Ministers of arbitrary Kings.
Your Lordship, I am sure, will now no longer suffer a doubt to remain in your mind as to the legality of Common Halls, or of their extensive powers; and therefore I presume to lay claim, on behalf of the Livery of London, to the ancient privilege of presenting to the King, on the Throne, any address, petition, or remonstrance. In this manner have the addresses of the Livery constantly been received both by his present Majesty and all his royal predecessors, the Kings of England. On the most exact research I do not find a single instance to the contrary. This immemorial usage, in the opinion of the ablest lawyers, gives an absolute right, and is as little subject to controversy as any fair and just prerogative of the Crown. Other rights and privileges of the city have been invaded by despotic monarchs, by several of the accursed race of the Stuarts; but this in no period of our history. It has not even been brought in question till the present inauspicious era. I have an entire confidence, my Lord, that a right left uninvaded by every tyrant of the Tarquin race will be sacredly preserved under the government of our present Sovereign; because his Majesty is perfectly informed, that, in consequence of their expulsion, his family was chosen to protect and defend the rights of a free people, whom they endeavoured to enslave.
It cannot escape your Lordship's recollection, that at all times, when the privileges of the capital were attacked, very fatal consequences ensued. The invasion of the liberties of the nation we have generally seen preceded by attempts on the franchises of the first city in the kingdom, and the shock was spread from the centre to the most distant point of the circumference of this wide extended empire. I hope his Majesty's goodness will revoke an order, which might perhaps, in this light, be considered ominous to the people at large, no less than injurious to the citizens of this metropolis. Such a measure only could quiet the alarm, which has already spread too far, and given gloomy apprehensions of futurity.
The privilege, my Lord, for which I contend, is of very great moment, and peculiarly striking. When his Majesty receives on the Throne any address, it is read by the proper officer to the King, in the presence of the petitioners. They have the satisfaction of knowing that their Sovereign has heard their complaints. They receive an answer. If the same address is presented at a levee, or in any other mode, no answer is given. A suspicion may arise, that the address is never read, because it is only received, and immediately delivered to the Lord in waiting. If he is tolerably versed in the subtle, insinuating arts practised in the magic circle of a Court, he will take care not to remind his Prince of any disagreeable and disgusting, however important and wholesome, truths. He will strangle in its birth the fair offspring of liberty, because its cries might awaken and alarm the parent; and thus the common father of all his people may remain equally ignorant and unhappy in his most weighty concerns.
Important truths, my Lord, were the foundation of the last humble address, remonstrance, and petition, to the King, respecting our brave fellow subjects in America. The greatness, as well as goodnefs, of the cause, and the horrors of an approaching civil war, justified our application to the Throne. It comprehended every thing interesting to us as a free and commercial people, the first principles of our common liberty, and the immense advantages of the only trade we enjoy unrivalled by other nations. I greatly fear that your Lordship's letter, immediately following his Majesty's unfavourable answer to the remonstrance, will be considered as a fresh mark of the King's anger against our unhappy brethren, as well as of his displeasure against the faithful citizens of his capital. The Livery, possessing the purest intentions, the most noble and exalted views for the public good, will comfort themselves with the appeal to that justice in the Sovereign's heart, which cannot fail of soon restoring them to the Royal favour; but the Americans may be driven to despair, unless a merciful Providence should graciously interpose, and change the obdurate hearts of those unjust and wicked Ministers, who have been so long permitted by divine vengeance to be a scourge both to us and our brethren. The true friends of liberty, I am sure, will not be remiss in their duty. I doubt not, my Lord, from that love of your country, and zeal for his Majesty's glory, which have equally distinguished your Lordship, that the Livery of London will have your hearty concurrence with them, as well as your powerful intercession with the King for the revocation of the late order. Such a conduct will secure to your Lordship the esteem and affection of all good men, and add to the unfeigned respect, with which I have the honour to be,
My Lord, your Lordship's, Most obedient, humble servant, JOHN WILKES.
Extract of a letter from the HAGUE, April 14.
"We have just received advice here, that ships of war without distinction, of every nation, are forbidden by the King of Spain, to enter any of the ports of that kingdom; and we are assured his motives for this step are, that it has been perceived for a long time past, that ships which are not subjected to visitation have greatly abused the permission granted them by the Spanish monarch, of putting into his ports, by exporting not only a great quantity of gold and silver in money and ingots, but also by carrying on a contraband trade with the inhabitants, which has greatly prejudiced the revenue of the Crown."
Two cutters are detained at Portsmouth to carry the last instructions to the men of war and transports which lately failed for Corke, as well as such stores which in their hurry may have been forgot and left behind.
Extract of a letter from PARIS, May 1.
"The coronation of the King is put off till September next, on which account all preparations are suspended at Rheims. It is said that there has been an insurrection there on account of the high price of corn, and that the Ministers are unwilling the King should travel at this time, because he would be perpetually petitioned by his starving subjects to relieve them from the famine which they are likely to suffer from the avarice of monopolizers; and which his tenderness would incline him to make a stricter inquiry into than some persons wish he should do, as it would tend much to their disgrace."
Several of the American merchants were yesterday greatly disappointed, they expecting large remittances by the New York mail, but had none, and most of them not so much as a letter; which circumstance caused much discontent.
Last Wednesday arrived at Birmingham, in great funeral pomp, from Bath, the remains of the late Marquis of Lothian. The same evening the corps lay in state at the Dolphin inn in that town, and the next morning it was taken from thence in order to be interred in the family vault in Scotland.
Extract of a letter from PORTSMOUTH, April 27.
"The troops are now embarking on board the transports bound to Ireland, but it is with great reluctance, as they are apprehensive that if any more troops are wanted at Boston, there will be a draught made out of their regiments for that service; and many of them have declared, that if that should even be the case, they are fully determined, when they come there, to lay down their arms, for they will not be instrumental in murdering their countrymen. The country people here are glad they are going, for they have been a burthen upon the publicans in this part of England for some time."
Larger quantities of goods have this spring been shipped from Bristol, for Quebec and Newfoundland, than were ever remembered.
May 10. If his Majesty goes into Germany this summer, as some about him affirm he will, he has other views beside pleasure in the journey, and the welfare of this nation is the principal one; the support of the honour, ease, and happiness of the Queen of Denmark, the next. In order to facilitate this consequential business, an interview is intended to be had between him and the Kings of Denmark and Prussia. A minority Lord, a favourite of the last mentioned Monarch, is said to have had a principal hand in this grand scheme.
It may be depended on that General Gage has been authorised to give every necessary assistance to such house-keepers, &c. at the expence of the Crown, as may have been unavoidably involved in distress by the unhappy disputes subsisting between America and the mother country.
Orders were on Saturday sent to the different seaports for the guardships to receive all seamen that will voluntarily enter into his Majesty's service.
This morning early an express arrived at the Admiralty office, from Portsmouth, with the agreeable news of the following men of war being arrived off Spithead, from the East Indies: The Northumberland, the Buckingham, and the Orford, which all failed immediately for the Downs; and this morning Sir Robert Harland, who came home in the Northumberland, arrived in town.
Upwards of 100 pieces of cannon, of a new construction, so light as to be carried by a man on horseback, and which carry balls from four to seven pounds weight, and 10,000 stands of arms, were shipped from the Tower, in the course of the last week, for the use of the troops in America.
By a letter from Florence, we learn, that the situation of the Pretender is truly deplorable. His finances are limited almost to poverty, and the Cardinal York squanders his ecclesiastical revenues upon the Church, without administering much to the wants of his brother. Thus circumstanced, the Pretender is little more than able to keep a carriage, and on this carriage he is not allowed any ensign armorial. He is exceedingly corpulent, owing to a total disuse of exercise.
Another dangerous insurrection is said to have lately happened at Palermo, in Italy. This is looked on as a very serious affair by the Spanish Court, and will, in all likelihood, divert their attention that way for some time.
May 12. On Wednesday the House of Commons went into a committee of supply, and came to the two following resolutions: Resolved , that it is the opinion of this committee, that the sum of 10,976 l. 18 s. 2 d. of the monies arisen from the duties on rice exported in the year 1774, be granted towards raising the supply granted to his Majesty.
Resolved , that it is the opinion of this committee, that 2 s. per gallon be paid on all rums, or other spirits, imported into Newfoundland, from his Majesty's colonies in North America.
The Spanish Ministry have given the strongest assurances to the British Ambassador at Madrid, that the armament now fitting out in the different ports of Spain "is not intended to act against Great Britain or her colonies."
A correspondent informs us, that the destination of the Spanish squadron has at length been discovered. It is intended to rendezvous at Cadiz, and to sail from thence directly for the Rio de Janeiro in South America, where the Spaniards and Portuguese have been at war for several years, and the latter have generally had the superiority.
Col. Goreham is promoted to the rank of Brigadier General, in North America, and it is said, is to have the command of a detachment from the royal army, to be stationed at Mansfield, and other places on the south shore of New England; and that Lieutenant Colonel Dalrymple, of the 14th regiment, is to be second in command of said detachment under Brigadier Goreham.
HOUSE OF COMMONS.
Mr. Burke then produced, and read in his place, a remonstrance to the Parliament of Great Britain from the General Assembly of New York, said to be signed by 26 members. He then moved for leave to bring it up to the table; and the question being put by the Speaker, that this remonstrance be now brought up, Lord North paved the way for getting rid of the main question, by moving an amendment; that the words, "which is derogatory to the supreme authority of the British Parliament," be added.
Upon which a short debate ensued, and the principal speakers were: For the amendment, Lord North, Mr. Cornwall, Mr. Jenkinson, Mr. Aubrey, and Mr. Thomas Walpole: Against it, Mr. Cruger, Mr. T. Townshend, Mr. C. Fox, Mr. Burke, Governor Johnstone, and Sergeant Adair. A little after seven the House divided; for the amendment, 186, against it 67; of course the main question was lost; and after some private business, the House adjourned to this day.
NEW YORK, June 29.
WE hear that three men of war, and 16 sail of transports, with British troops on board, are now lying at Sandy Hook. These are part of the troops which at their embarkation were destined for New York. Since their arrival here, we are told General Gage has ordered them to Boston; but if so, we know not why their departure is delayed. Some suppose that General Haldimand, who arrived about a week ago, came here to take the command of these troops. We are told they are unwilling to go to Boston.
To his Excellency GEORGE WASHINGTON, GENERALISSIMO of all the forces raised, and to be raised, in the confederated colonies of AMERICA.
The ADDRESS of the PROVINCIAL CONGRESS of the colony of NEW YORK.
May it please your Excellency,
AT a time when the most loyal of his Majesty's subjects, from a regard to the laws and constitution by which he sits on the throne, feel themselves reduced to the unhappy necessity of taking up arms to defend their dearest rights and privileges; while we deplore the calamities of this divided empire, we rejoice in the appointment of a Gentleman, from whose abilities and virtue we are taught to expect both security and peace.
Confiding in you, Sir, and in the worthy Generals immediately under your command, we have the most flattering hopes of success in the glorious struggle for American liberty, and the fullest assurances, that whenever this important contest shall be decided by the fondest wish of each American soul, an accommodation with our mother country, you will cheerfully resign the important deposit committed into your hands, and re-assume the character of our worthy citizen. By order.
June 26, 1775. P. V. B. LIVINGSTON, President.
HIS EXCELLENCY'S ANSWER.
Gentlemen,
AT the same time that, with you, I deplore the unhappy necessity of such an appointment as that with which I am now honoured, I cannot but feel sentiments of the highest gratitude for this affecting instance of distinction and regard.
May your warmest wishes be realized in the success of America at this important and interesting period; and be assured, that every exertion of my worthy colleagues and myself will be equally extended to the re-establishment of peace and harmony between the mother country and these colonies.
As to the fatal, but necessary, operations of war; When we assumed the soldier, we did not lay aside the citizen; and we shall most sincerely rejoice with you, in that happy hour when the establishment of American liberty, on the most firm and solid foundations, shall enable us to return to our private stations, in the bosom of a free, peaceful, and happy country.
June 26, 1775. G. WASHINGTON.
WILLIAMSBURG, July 15.
HIS Majesty's ship Mercury, Capt. M'Cartney, anchored off York town last Tuesday. This vessel left New York the 1st instant, and is come to relieve the Fowey, which failed yesterday morning, in company with the Otter. The latter, we are told, is gone on a cruise, and is expected to return; but the Fowey, after landing the Right Hon. the Earl of Dunmore at Portsmouth (at which place it is supposed his Excellency will reside) proceeds to Boston with Captain Edward Foy on board, of his Majesty's train of artillery.
Extract of a letter from PHILADELPHIA, July 4.
"London papers are just come to hand as late as the 23d of May, which give an account that the New York Assembly's petition to the King, and memorial to the Lords, have been presented in vain; the latter was rejected, and when his Majesty was asked what answer should be given to the petition, he said he should give none, but that his fleet and army should return them all the answer they deserved. It is imagined the Congress will sit about three weeks longer. Howe is the General that was slain in the late engagement."
Since our last arrived in this city several companies of volunteers from the counties of Spotsylvania, King George, Albemarle, James City, Surry, Louisa, and Stafford. A party of troops, who marched from hence last Tuesday, are now encamped near York town.
The Two Sifters, Capt. Maxwell, is arrived in James river, from London. The Captain says the city of London is filled with lamentable complaints of the suffering poor; that great warlike preparations were making, and vast numbers of seamen entering into the King's service; and that 40 sail of transports were in the channel when he came out, which was about the 16th of May, all bound to Ireland to take in troops for America.
IN consequence of a resolution of the committee of Middlesex county, entered into on the 6th of last month, respecting some goods taken from on board Capt. Moses Robertson, by Messrs. Mills and company, in vindication of our characters, we are induced to inform the public, that being at Urbanna, in order to deliver a vessel to those Gentlemen, we saw boats pass divers times in the night to and from a ship which we were told was Captain Robertson's; at the same time a Gentleman of that company stood on the shore, where we saw parcels landed, which appeared to us to be goods. This we are ready to make oath when required.
GLOUCESTER, } JOHN PARSONS, JOHN DEGG. July 10, 1775. } WILLIAM DEGG, WILLIAM HUDGIN.
To Messrs. DIXON & HUNTER.
Gentlemen, RUFFIN'S FERRY, July 13, 1775. I AM this day informed, by a friend, that a very extraordinary publication is to appear in your gazette this week, stigmatizing Messrs. Mills and Lorimer and myself in the most unjustifiable manner, in regard to a quantity of goods which four men of Gloucester county supposed I had brought in from London, for the above mentioned Gentlemen, and landed at Urbanna. I shall, without hesitation, take upon me to say that I did not bring in any goods for them, or any other person, and am ready to make oath to this assertion whenever I may be called upon for that purpose; and my chief mate, and other officers, will attest the same. The conduct of these men is highly reprehensible and malicious, as they have endeavoured to fix a heavy charge upon me, without having proper grounds to support it. As to those Gentlemen whose characters have been aspersed, as well as my own, they will, I make no doubt, be able to confute every thing their Accusers have charged them with.
I am, Gentlemen, your humble servant, MOSES ROBERTSON.
HANOVER, July 6, 1775.
I INTEND to England, and have appointed Mr. George Pottie to be my Attorney during my Absence.
GEORGE BRAIKENRIDGE.
FOR CHARTER, A NEW BRIGANTINE,
that will carry three Hundred Hogheads, or nine Thousand Buthels, and will be ready to receive a Cargo in ten Days. For Terms apply to JAMES ARCHDEACON. NORFOLK, July 14, 1775.
URBANNA, June 26, 1775.
WENT away from the Subscriber, on the 24th instant, a well set black Fellow, commonly known by the Name of BILLY BARBER, about 30 or 32 Years of Age, and 5 Feet 8 or 9 Inches high. This Fellow is well known over most of this Colony, as he has attended several Gentlemen whose Business obliged them a good Deal from Home, particularly the late Mr. Hugh M c Meikin of Portsmouth. He has, I am told, a Wife at Norfolk, another at Hampton, and a third at this Place; it is probable he may be about the two first mentioned Places. Any Person who will deliver him to me, at Urbanna, shall have a Reward of 5 l. current Money; and I hereby forewarn all Persons (particularly a certain Lockey Collier, near Hampton, whose Property he is) from harbouring or concealing the said Slave, as I will, at a future Day, most assuredly prosecute him or them to the utmost Extent of the Law.
BENNETT BROWNE.
RUN away from the Subscriber, in King George, near Leeds Town, the 24th of June last, a Negro Man named CHARLES, a stout, likely, well made Fellow, has had a Hurt in his left Knee some Years ago, which at Times is very sore; his left Leg is much larger than the other, and has Scars on it, by being often cut by the Doctor. Whoever secures him so that I may get him again shall have 20 s. besides what the Law allows. JOHN WASHINGTON.
STRAYED from Capt. Mordecai Buckner's, in Spotsylvania, on Saturday the 1st of July, a large 'skewball MARE, 6 or 7 Years old, about 15 Hands high, paces, trots, and gallops; her Head, left Buttock, and all her Feet, are white; the other Parts of a Sorrel Colour. Whoever returns the said Mare to Mr. James Taylor, or to Mrs. Rachel M c Williams, in Frederickburg, shall have 30 s. Reward.
WILLIAM M c WILLIAMS.

POETS CORNER.
FISH and TEA.
A NEW SONG.—To an Old Tune.
WHAT a Court hath Old England of folly and sin, Spite of Chatham and Camden, Barre, Burke, Wilkes, and Glyn!
Derry down, &c.
Lord S—, he swears they are terrible cowards, Who can't be made brave by the blood of the Howards; And to prove there is truth in America's fears, He conjures Sir Peter's poor ghost 'fore the Peers,
Derry down, &c.
Now indeed if these poor people's nerves are so weak, How cruel it is their destruction to seek! Dr. Johnson's a proof, in the highest degree, His soul and his system were changed by tea.
Derry down, &c.
But if the wise Council of England doth think They may be enslaved by the power of the drink, They're right to enforce it; but then, do you see? The colonies too may refuse, and be free.
Derry down, &c.
There is no knowing where this oppression will stop; Some say—there's no cure but a capital chop; And that I believe's each American's wish, Since you've drenched 'em with tea, and depriv'd 'em of fish.
Derry down, &c.
The birds of the air and the fish of the sea, By the Gods for poor Dan Adam's use were made free, Till a man with more power than old Moses would wish, Said—Ye wretches, he shan't touch a fowl or a fish.
Derry down, &c.
Three Gen'ral's these mandates have borne 'cross the sea, To deprive them of fish, and to make them drink tea: In turn, sure these freemen will boldly agree To give them a dance upon Liberty Tree.
Derry down, &c.
Then freedom's the word both at home and abroad, And d—n ev'ry scabbard that holds a good sword! Our forefathers gave us this freedom in hand, And we will die in defence of the rights of the land.
Derry down, &c.
JUST PUBLISHED,
THE
MANUAL EXERCISE,
As ordered by his Majesty in the Year 1764,
TOGETHER WITH
EXPLANATIONS
Of the Method generally practised at
REVIEWS & FIELD-DAYS:
Firing by Sub Divisions and Grand Divisions, standing, advancing, and retreating. Wheeling by Companies. Advancing and retreating by Files. Forming the Oblong Square by Companies and Battalions. Forming Columns by Companies and Grand Divisions. Passing a Defile or Bridge by Half Companies, and re-passing in Retreat. Charge and Volley by Battalion. Some occasional Words of Command, with Explanations, &c. &c.
To which is affixed, the Words of Command as they follow in Order in the Manual Exercise.
WANTED IMMEDIATELY,
A VESSEL capable of carrying 1500 Barrels, to Britain. Whoever can furnish such a one will please to signify the same to Mr. Alexander Purdie, at his Printing Office.
Just imported,
A CARGO of SALT from St. Ubes and Lewis Town, in the Ship Molly, Capt. Cowan; which will be sold on Board said Ship at Hobb's Hole, or by the Subscriber in Urbanna.
JAMES MILLS.
BLANDFORD, JULY 6, 1775.
THE Subscriber has a few CASKS of SHOES, about 30l. Sterling Worth each, imported last Fall, in the JEAN, Capt. Ritchie, which he will dispose of at a low Advance for ready Money, or short Credit. (4) JOHN GREEN.
To be SOLD, at the late Dwelling-House of Alexander Lietch, deceased, on Monday the 31st of July, if fair, otherwise the next fair Day,
ALL the personal Estate of the said Deceased, consisting chiefly of HOUSEHOLD FURNITURE. Six Months Credit will be allowed for all Sums exceeding 25s. on giving Bond and Security.
MARGARET LIETCH, Adm.
PRINCE GEORGE, July 4, 1775.
BLANDFORD, July 1, 1775.
I INTEND leaving the Colony for a few Months. The Store carried on here for Messrs. Dinwiddie, Crawford, and Co. Merchants, in Glasgow, will, in my Absence, be under the Direction of Messrs. Charles Duncan and John Ray, who are properly authorised to transact the same.
2
DAVID RUSSELL.
SURREY COUNTY, July 4, 1775.
STOLEN from the Subscriber, in the Night of the 2d Instant, a small BAY HORSE about 6 Years old, is branded, but the Brand I have forgot, his Mane and Tail was cut some time ago, but now grown out pretty much; he paces and canters pretty well, but trots little or none. Whoever gives any Intelligence, so that I get him again, shall have 20s. Reward, and 20s. more on Conviction of the Thief.
1||
PATIENCE INGRAM.
STOLEN, in the Night of the 24th of JUNE last, a sorrel HORSE five Years old, 4 Feet 8 Inches high, a Star in his Forehead, which is joined to a Snip on his Nose, a white Streak about an Inch in Width, hanging Mane, his Foretop, Ears, and Footlocks have been lately trimmed, has many white Hairs under the Saddle, a white Mark down the Hoof of one of his hind Feet, and paces slow. I will give 3l. to any Person who delivers said Horse to me, in the upper End of Hanover, and 5l. on Conviction of the Thief.
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JOHN PHILIPS.
NORFOLK, June 26, 1775.
ALL Persons indebted to the late Concern of William Duncan & Company, Printers, are requested to make immediate Payment, for Stationary, and for the first Year's Gazette, to the Subscriber, who is properly empowered to receive the same.
JOHN SCHAW.
For SALE, and very cheap,
One Thousand Acres of exceeding valuable
LAND,
lying in the upper End of Hanover County, on the main Road, in very good Order for Cropping, and improved with a commodious Dwelling-House, and all necessary Outhouses, fit for the Reception of a Gentleman in private or public Life. The Payment will be made easy to the Purchaser, and the Terms known by applying to me, on the Premises.
DAVID CHISHOLM.
HANOVER, June 29, 1775.
The Subscriber intends for
Great Britain immediately.
JOHN HICKS.
ALEXANDRIA, June 5, 1775.
EIGHT POUNDS REWARD.
RUN away from the Subscriber, two indentured Servants named ROBERT SHAW and ANDREW INGLES, both Natives of Scotland, and Bakers by Trade. Each of them had on a Bearskin Jacket lined with Plaid, Osnaburg Trousers, old Shoes, and Half worn Castor Hats. Their Bundles consist, as it is supposed, of two Match Coat Blankets, two Pair of Leather Breeches, two Osnaburg Shirts, two Check Shirts, and two red Jackets. Shaw is about 5 Feet 10 Inches high, has a swarthy Complexion, dark short frized Hair, a long Scar on his right Arm, appears bold, and talks much. Ingles is about 5 Feet 5 Inches high, has short straight Hair, swarthy and long featured, has a Scab over his right Eye, his right Leg is sore, he is fond of Liquor, and talks more in his Country Dialect than Shaw.
THOMAS WALSON, a Convict, about 27 Years of Age, a Barber by Trade, about 5 Feet 6 Inches high, has a Laddish down Look, brown straight Hair, a little knock-kneed, and a leering Look; had on, and took with him, two white Linen Shirts, an old Drab coloured Cloth Coat, one red and one striped Holland Jacket, one Pair of new Drilling Breeches, one Pair of old Buff coloured Stocking Breeches, one Pair of white and one Pair of white and blue spotted Stockings, a new Felt Hat bound with black Ferreting, has a black Silk Handkerchief, and some other Things which cannot be described. WILLIAM LEE, by Trade a Cooper, about 5 Feet 9 Inches high, marked with the Smallpox, has a remarkable large Nose, speaks thick, and is impudent; he took with him a yellow Bull-Dog, with cropped Ears, one Side of his Face white, has a Glass Eye, and white Breast and Neck, is very fond of going into the Water, and answers to the Name of Turk. The said Lee had a Variety of Clothes, which cannot well be described. Whoever takes up, and secures the said Servants, shall have the above Reward, or 40s. for each, paid by
JAMES KIRK. ROBERT ADAM. GEORGE PURVIS.
(tf—||3s.)
MANCHESTER, June 24, 1775.
I SHALL leave this Colony soon: Those with whom I am connected, either as Debtor or Creditor, will oblige me by coming to a Settlement as quickly as they can. The Management of my Affairs will be left with Mr. Robert Donald of Bedford, who will move to this Place before I go away.
JAMES DONALD.
COMMITTED to the Gaol of Henrico, a Negro Woman, who says her Name is BETTY, about 4 Feet 10 Inches high; has on an Osnaburg Shift and Petticoat, has a Hole through each ear, appears to be outlandish, and cannot tell her Master's Name. The Owner is desired to prove his Property, pay Charges, and take her away.
MARY LINDSEY, Gaoler.
COMMITTED to the Gaol of Henrico
a Negro Man, who says his Name is CHAFFEAT, about 24 Years of Age, 5 Feet 7 Inches high; he has on a white Negro Cotton Jacket and Breeches, and an Osnaburg Shirt. He says he belongs to one Heli, Hill, or Hillary Worham, but cannot tell the County his Master lives in, and speaks remarkably bad English. The Owner is desired to prove his Property, pay Charges, and take him away. MARY LINDSEY, Gaoler.
TAKEN up, in Louisa, near the Green Springs, a BRIGT BAY MARE about 4 Feet 7 Inches high, 9 or 10 Years old, branded on the near Buttock X, her hind Feet white, has a white Streak in her Forehead, and a hanging Mane and Switch Tail. Potted, and appraised to 16l.
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POUNCEY BUNCH.
TAKEN up, in Spotsylvania, a SORREL HORSE about 4 Feet 8 Inches high, 9 or 10 Years old, paces, trots, and gallops, appears to have been much used, and branded on the near Buttock D, as near as I can make out. Potted, and appraised to 14l. (2||) THOMAS COLEMAN.
TAKEN up, in Bedford, a BAY HORSE about 13 Hands high, 12 or 13 Years old, has two Glass Eyes, and three white Feet, some white Hairs on his Back, a white Face, branded on the near Shoulder S, and on the off Buttock with Something unintelligible. He has had a Fistula, and has now the Poll-Evil. Potted, and appraised to 7l.
MICAIAH WILLIAMSON.
To be RENTED, for one or more Years.
A VALUABLE FARM on James River, near the Mouth of Beaverdam, in Goochland County, 26 Miles from Richmond, sufficient to employ ten Hands and six Horses to great Advantage. This Place is well known, and deservedly esteemed, both for Richness of Soil and useful Improvements in the Farming Way, consisting of proper Enclosures, Dwelling-Houses, Granaries, Stable, and Treadling-Floor, together with a large Apple Orchard of late Fruit. My present Dwelling-House, Garden, Stable, Store, and other Outhouses, Peach and Cherry Orchards, with a good Still, being off the Farm, will be let as a Tavern, for which Purpose they are conveniently situated, and well calculated. For Terms apply to the Subscriber, on the Premises. THOMAS PLEASANTS.
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THE Subscriber being very desirous of getting out of Debt, without any Dependence on his ungrateful Debtors, proposes to sell the pleasant and healthy Seat of HUNTINGTOUR, near Appomattox River, in the lower End of Buckingham, with 1500 or 2000 Acres of good Land, which produces fine Tobacco, Hemp, Wheat, &c. The Houses are new, and the best I have seen in the county; a larger and better Garden I believe is not in the Colony, and on this Land are several Hundred Fruit Trees of the best Kind, many of which were brought by water to Richmond Town above 80 Miles. On this Tract of Land is a large Proportion of exceeding fine Meadow Land, with a Fish Pond within three Hundred Yards of the Dwelling-House, stored with various Kinds of fine Fish, sufficient for the Use of a Family the Year round. In this Neighbourhood is Plenty of excellent Venison. The Air is so pure that I never knew an Instance of any Person having the Ague and Fever at Huntingtour. I have travelled through the most Parts of Virginia, and I have not seen any Part that I would so willingly reside in as this Neighbourhood. If I sell this Place, I shall live on the Part of this Tract of Land which has been advertised for some Time past. I make no Doubt but Appomattox River will be soon cleared, and then Wheat will be carried as far as Col. Banister's Mill, near Petersburg, for 4d. or 5d. per Bushel. I made at this Place 100 Gallons of rich Wine in 1772, and last Year (if it had not been for the Frost) I could have made 5 or 600 Gallons, which Quantity I expect to make this Year.
HUNTINGTOUR would be a pleasant and safe Place for a Gentleman of Fortune to retreat to in the Horrors of a civil War, or in the sickly Months of many Parts of the Lowlands.
"What is Honour, Grandeur, and Wealth? All fleeting, Nothing's without Health!"
I hope any Gentlemen inclined to purchase will visit the Premises this Summer. I will also sell, very cheap (that is, for about Half the Value) the Tract of rich LAND I have advertised in Albemarle for some Time past. ANTHONY WINSTON.
STRAYED from the Subscriber, in
Blandford, on the 4th of March last, a dark bay Mare, 7 or 8 Years old, about 14 Hands high, with a hanging Mane and Switch Tail, cat-hamm'd, paces naturally, has some Saddle Spots on the near Side, and branded WK, or WR, on the near Shoulder and Buttock. Also a small sorrel FILLY went away with her, two Years old this Spring, had a Snip on the right Nostril, but neither docked nor branded. They were seen on Rowanty, and are imagined to have gone towards Walker's Mill, on Nottoway, or Hick's Ford, on Meherrin. Whoever will bring the said Mares to me shall be handsomely rewarded for their Trouble. DAVID BLACK.
(tf)
TO BE RENTED,
A large Dwelling-House
In RICHMOND TOWN,
40 Feet by 20, with two rooms below and two above, a Garden newly pailed in, a Kitchen, and all other Outhouses necessary for a Family. The Situation is as pleasant as any in Town.
The Terms may be known by applying to the Printers hereof, or to the Subscriber, in said Town. (tf) GABRIEL GALT.
TO BE SOLD,
THREE Thousand Acres of well timbered LAND, near Newmarket, in Caroline County, whereon are two Plantations in good Repair, with proper and convenient Edifices for farming or making of Tobacco. For Terms apply to the Subscriber. (tf) JOHN BAYLOR.
TO BE SOLD,
A TRACT of LAND in Caroline County, contiguous to Matapony, containing about 2000 Acres of well timbered Land, the Property of Mr. Robert Baylor. The Terms may be known by applying to Mr. Nathaniel Burwell of King William, Mr. John Armistead of Caroline, and Mr. John Baylor, Executors. (tf)
For SALE, and very CHEAP,
THE Tract of LAND whereon I now live, in the lower End of Caroline County, that contains 470 Acres, and is known to be very good. The Improvements are, a new Dwelling-House 32 by 28 Feet, with three Dormants on a Side, two Fireplaces below, and one above, a good Cellar, the Kitchen 24 by 16 Feet, with all other Outhouses quite new, and the Plantation in fine Order for Cropping. Its Situation is equal to any Forest Place whatever. I will give Credit till next Christmas, when Possession may be had. (tf) LE ROY HIPKINS.