Lynchburg star (Lynchburg [Va.]), 1806-07-17 00:00:00

LYNCHBURG STAR.
Virginia,
PUBLISHED BY JAMES GRAHAM.....AT THREE DOLLARS PER ANNUM.....(Payable in advance.)
No. XXXVIII.]
THURSDAY, JULY 17.....1806.
[Vol. I.]
THE STAR IS PUBLISHED ONCE A WEEK.
LETTERS ADDRESSED TO THE EDITOR, MUST BE Post paid.
TERMS.
ADVERTISEMENTS and Public Notices of every kind will be inserted in the LYNCHBURG STAR at 75 Cents a square for the first, and 50 Cents the square for every subsequent insertion. The cash,—or orders on the Merchants of Lynchburg,—or the acceptances of Country Merchants,—or the assurances of men of known punctuality must in all cases accompany the advertisements. &c. &c.
As in this world of discoveries, we ourselves have lately discovered that the age of an obligation adds not a jot to its value, and persuaded withal that method and punctuality are indispensably essential—with a determination to shun our countenances, averted looks, grumbling, lamentations, horrors, and the necessity of resorting to the Sheriff and the Law, the customary concomitants of indiscriminate credit, we have adopted the foregoing plan.—We wish however to be fully understood: As we have said before, and as we now say, and as we shall hereafter say, we shall always be happy to give advertisements &c. accompanied as above, accurate and conspicuous insertion.
Short Chancery Advertisements will be inserted the usual time for FOUR DOLLARS—if long five will be required.
• PRINTING executed at the "STAR OFFICE" with neatness, accuracy, and dispatch.
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Foreign News.
SWEDISH DECLARATION.
From the moment his Swedish majesty had determined upon taking a part in the coalition against the usurpation of Napoleon Bonaparte, his majesty had fixed his attention upon the preservation of the electoral possessions of the king of England upon the Continent, which had been evacuated by the French troops. Ready to enter them with a Swedish and Russian army, united under his orders, his Majesty hastened, upon the first intelligence of the movement of a Prussian corps towards that country, to enquire into the intentions of his Prussian majesty, and in full confidence to demand of him, whether the march of his troops had the same object as that of the combined army; namely, that of restoring the electorate of Hanover to its legitimate possessor, and in that case to concert with his Prussian majesty the joint measures to be taken. The king of Prussia, from that period, evaded entering into any explanation relative to this important object, and that in a manner far from friendly. The irresolution since manifested by that sovereign, in joining the cause of the allies, could not but tend to augment his majesty's suspicion; and his majesty did not hesitate to anticipate events, in causing it to be publicly made known, at a period when the intentions of the court of Prussia, with respect to the states of his Britannic majesty, could only be matter of conjecture, that the country of Lauenburg should still remain under the protection of the Swedish troops, until a convention for that purpose was concluded with the king of England. It was the sole right of this monarch only, as proprietor of the country, to decide upon the future fate of his hereditary states: every arrangement, therefore, relative thereto, between France and Prussia, was inadmissible.
It was, notwithstanding, upon this arrangement that the king of Prus-
sia, in his proclamation of January 27, which was published soon after, endeavored to assert his right to the complete occupation of the electorate of Hanover. The reiterated protestations made by the court of Berlin on this occasion, of being induced to take this step merely to save that country from calamities, ought to have been received as a guarantee for its future independence. This language, however, did not last long; instead of regarding the electorate as a depot till the return of a general peace, as his Prussian majesty had solemnly announced in the Proclamation, issued from Berlin, dated April 1, announced, on the contrary, the definitive union of these provinces to the Prussian monarchy; a measure which the court of Berlin pretended was founded upon the right of conquest, and a formal treaty with France.
In this state of things the king, faithful to his engagements with his Britannic majesty, thought he could not use too much circumlocution when the abandoning of the German states of his ally became the subject of consideration, which being once delivered from the presence of the Swedish troops, must soon have fallen under the power of the Prussians. His majesty, therefore, confining himself to the protection of the countries on this side of the Elbe, on his departure from Ratzeburg, declared, that having left in this Duchy a corps of Swedes, under the orders of the aid de camp general commandant count Lowenhielm, he should look upon any attack upon these troops, and the independence of the country, as a measure of aggression against his own states. This declaration has been repeatedly made, and particularly in the letter of the count Lowenhielm, dated April 18, to the Prussian military commandants in Hanover, and the country of Mecklenburg. Count Lowenhielm said expressly that he had the strictest orders to defend Lauenburg against any foreign troops that should attempt to enter it. Notwithstanding this, a detached corps of Prussians passed that frontier at Marienflust, on the 23d of this month, and in spite of the brave resistance of the Swedish troops, by the superiority of their numbers, they took forcible possession of the country.
Under the present circumstances, the king could not regard this violent measure otherwise than as an act of hostility on the part of his Prussian majesty; consequently he has ordered an embargo to be laid upon all the Prussian vessels in the Swedish ports.
If his majesty has so long delayed to resent the outrages committed upon him and his allies by the court of Berlin, it has arisen from his majesty's constant wish to avoid every thing that might lead to a rupture as long as possible. The intimate connexion subsisting between the king of Prussia and Napoleon Bonaparte, the declared enemy of the three allied courts; the exclusion of the English commerce from the ports and rivers of the North of Germany, together with the unjust authority established in the electorate of Hanover—all these were sufficient indications of the real system of his said majesty; and the attack which has been just made upon the Swedish troops in Lauenburg, has put the final seal to it.
The undersigned, specially charged by the king, his master, to treat with the accredited ministers of the two allied courts; has received his majesty's express orders to expose the above mentioned facts, in order to enlighten the public opinion upon the present situation of affairs between the courts of Stockholm and Sweden.
Count DE FERSEN, Grand Marshal of Sweden.
HIGH COURT OF PARLIAMENT, OF GREAT BRITAIN.
TRIAL OF LORD MELVILLE.
FIRST DAY. Tuesday, April 29. At ten o'clock the speaker of the house of commons came to the house, and in a short time afterwards took the chair. He then dispatched the serjeant at arms to clear the passage, and about half past ten proceeded to the bar of the house, when the members being called over according to their countries, proceeded to Westminster Hall. At thirty-seven minutes past ten, Mr. Whitbread appeared, and preceding the other managers by a
few paces, repaired to the box prepared for them. He was followed by Mr. Fox, lords Howick, H. Petty, A. Hamilton, and Robert Spencer, and the rest of the members of the commons associated with him in conducting the impeachment. They were all in court dress.—As soon as the managers were seated, the other members of the house of commons came in according to the order in which their names had been called over, but took their seats indiscriminately on the benches prepared for them, on the left of the hall, looking from the throne which is placed at the upper end, close to the steps ascending to the courts of king's bench and chancery.—When the members had been all seated some minutes, the speaker entered and took his seat in the chair prepared for him, in the middle of the front row of the benches of commons. The number of members present was near 500; but the whole of the space prepared for the house of commons was not occupied, the gallery behind the manager's box being not above one fourth full.
About eleven o'clock the lords moved from their own chamber of parliament, the clerks of parliament first, the masters of chancery following them, next the serjeants, then the judges; after them a herald, and then the eldest sons of peers, and peers minor; then after the ushers, the Barons, two and two, Marquises, Bishops, Viscounts, Earls, Dukes, Archbishops, & Lord chancellor.
In about five minutes after the speaker had taken his seat, the procession from the house of lords began to enter the hall. First came Messrs. Cooper and Rose, clerks of the lords; next the masters of the chancery, then the judges. The heralds at arms next appeared, who were followed by the bishops, barons and viscounts. After an interval of a quarter of an hour, they were followed by the chancellor. At this time lord Melville entered the court, from the bottom of the hall, and proceeding round the council's box, took his place inside the bar, immediately behind the baron's bench.
His lordship was in a court dress, bottle green, with cut steel buttons; he was unrobed. He sat with his face towards the box of the managers of the impeachment. He looked extremely well, and had in his countenance all his characteristic firmness, without any unbecoming boldness. He seemed perfectly sensible of the situation in which he stood; but shewed a spirit unbroken, and capable of bearing up against all the difficulties he has to contend with.
In the box allotted to lord Melville's counsel, Mr. Robert Dundas, lord Melville's son, sat, exhibiting a very dignified and interesting union of sensibility and firmness. His conduct in the house of commons, in the most trying discussion relative to lord Melville's conduct, had previously established a general feeling of respect for his character, which he sustained very well by his becoming deportment yesterday. He was enquired after with eagerness by every person who had not seen him before, and pointed out with admiration by every one who knew him.
After the earls, the marquises, dukes, the archbishop of York, the Primate and the chancellor, entered in order, the princes of the blood royal being last in the procession, which was closed by his royal highness the prince of Wales. All the peers bowed to the speaker of the house of commons as they passed by, and advancing in front of the throne each peer made obeisance and proceeded to his place. All the peers were habited in the full robes of their respective ranks. As soon as they were seated, silence was proclaimed, under pain of imprisonment by a gentleman of the bar, who held the mace for the occasion, who bears an office appropriate, the title of which we have not learned. He wore a silver collar with a large gold medal. This gentleman made the following proclamation:
"Oyez, Oyez, Oyez! Whereas charges of high crimes and misdemeanors have been exhibited by the honorable the house of commons, in the name of themselves and of all the commons of Great Britain, against Henry lord Viscount Melville; all persons concerned are to take notice, that he now stands upon his trial; and those
who have any thing against him may come forth in order to make good the said charges."
Mr. Whitbread stated that he had in the name of the house of commons and all the commons of Great Britain and Ireland exhibited articles of impeachment against lord Melville, and declared that he was now ready to make good the same.
The lord chancellor having then put the question whether the charges should be read, Mr. Rose proceeded to read the articles of impeachment, which occupied forty minutes. Lord Melville's answer was next read. The tenth, or additional charge, was read in like manner, as well as lord Melville's answer to that particular charge, and his protest against it. These took up about seven minutes more.
The lord chancellor now addressed himself to lord Melville, and the managers, and informed them, that they were to address whatever they had to offer to the peers, and not to the chancellor. His lordship then retired from the wool sack, and took his seat in a chair at the clerk's table. His lordship's seat on the wool sack was then occupied by the prince of Wales, who had hitherto sat beside him. On the left hand of his royal highness, were the dukes of Clarence and Kent; on the right of the duke of York. The dukes of Sussex, Cumberland and Cambridge, stood the greater part of the time; the seats not being sufficient to accommodate more than three fourths of the number who attended. The bishops and barons who had entered first, occupied almost the whole of the benches. The greater part of the earls, marquises, dukes and princes of the blood, were obliged to stand.
As soon as the chancellor was seated at the table, a pause of a few minutes took place, during which the whole of the numerous and splendid assemblage present were filled with anxious expectation. Mr. Whitbread then stood up and addressed the house in one of the most eloquent, nervous and at the same time liberal speeches, the world has ever heard, in support of the charges. He spoke for 3 hours and three quarters, and during every moment of that long time, he was heard with unwavering attention by every one present. Our respect for the order of the house of lords will not permit us to indulge our readers at present, with more than a description of the form and ceremonial of the proceedings.—We lament that we cannot gratify them with a report of Mr. Whitbread's speech; which contained many passages as remarkable for all that is sublime in eloquence, as we have ever witnessed: at the conclusion of the trial, when the publication will be no longer improper, we shall do our utmost to gratify expectations, which cannot go beyond the grand display of talents made by Mr. Whitbread, however they may exceed our efforts to do justice to them. Mr. Whitbread began his speech at a quarter past twelve. He concluded a few minutes before four, amidst a general buzz of admiration. The lord chancellor returned immediately to the wool sack, and adjourned the court till to-morrow.
For the following humorous production we are indebted to the SCOTS MAGAZINE for November 1805. It is the 4th number of a series of papers entitled "THE TRAVELLER."
DEAR WATTIE, I am far from being astonished at the sad news you send me concerning poor Bauldy Dawson, because I anticipated what would be the result of his fanaticism—Archibald was too gospel-greedy—he frequented all the sacraments and Whig preachings within his reach—he eagerly devoured every religious pamphlet and publication that came in his way, till gorged with a strange hodge-podge of heterogeneous matter which his obtuse capacity was by no means adequate to digest, his mind became overloaded, and a surfeit was the consequence thereof. There is another ball firing in Bauldy's harp which he was eternally thrumming—a praise worthy ambition, laudable enough, providing it was practicable—he wished to seat himself in the very arm chair of primitive sanctity, without considering that "no mere man since the fall is perfectly able, &c." and by continually struggling for a mastery over his passions, a set of unruly rebels (whom men of more robust constitutions were aver-
able thoroughly to subdue,) he overstrained the powers or main timbers of his mind, and consequently distorted all the machinery thereto connected; for men are machines of the most curious workmanship, constructed variously, and for various purposes. Some are calculated to erect empires—to manufacture whips and martingales, in order to chastise vice and curb licentiousness. Some are furnished with extraordinary parts, and commissioned to investigate the various phenomena of nature—to watch the motions of the heavenly travellers as they roll along in a boundless immensity of space, and to point out to such as are of weaker capacity the wisdom and goodness of Omnipotence.—Others are wholly composed of philanthropy and loving-kindness, and tau. by sensibility to sing the ever blooming beauties of virtue, to endear the homely cot to the contented cottager, to extol the hero, the patriot, and the martyr of fidelity; and occasionally to hand forth vice, folly, and impertinence, to the pointed scorn and contempt of mankind. A great many indeed are furnished with intellects barely sufficient to keep them out of pits and ditches. Men are pebbles of sundry qualities and denominations; the better sort, such as diamonds, rubies, carbuncles, &c. are set apart for the diadem, the bracelets, and the necklace; others of inferior quality are destined to ornament the shoe buckles of banker's clerks, recruiting serjeants, and young school masters; and as for the vile rubbish, or, according to the text of a certain weathercock politician, "The Swinish Multitude," (amongst whom, thank God, I find myself very comfortable,) they are wheeled away in barrows, and carefully spread on his Majesty's high ways. Hence it would appear that some vessels are made unto honor, and others unto dishonor; and consequently that a chamber-pot, tho' ever so elegantly gilt and
polished, to collect all the rays of light which I have thrown upon this very important subject into one focus. He who endeavors to exert himself beyond his strength, except in the works of necessity and mercy, is either a fool or a madman; and he who attempts to put a finer polish upon human nature than it really will admit of, may scrub and brush and burnish till his face turns as red as the bab o' Robin Cowan's bonnet, but in the end he will find that all his labor avails nothing. Thus have I endeavoured to sift out the causes of Bauldy Dawson's insanity, and I trust that every truth I have selected for that purpose, together with the inferences drawn therefrom, will give ample satisfaction to all whom it may concern. In the next place, I shall take cognizance of the strange mania which seems to have laid violent hands upon yourself, because you so very candidly ask my advice. Advice to the soul is something like medicine to the body, it must be administered with the greatest caution; therefore like a skilful physician who feels the pulse of his patient, examines every doubt and covered way, and enquires into the strength and discipline of the enemy, whether he makes his approaches by sap and mine or by open assault, before he prescribes either pill or plaster, I say, like unto him, shall I proceed to examine into the nature of your disease with all possible delicacy and circumspection. Imprimis—Walter Shaw, what in the name of folly can have put the West Indies in your head? "Ask this thread bare jacket, Inquire at these horny hands, behold are they not point blank proofs that I am not rewarded according to my works?—There's Will Tingleton the bellman;—last Thursday he had a letter from his son Jock in Jamaica, setting forth that he was making fitter like flate flames; that he had got a very elegant assortment of both Nigers and Niger drivers, and that in a few years he intended to come home to land, get into a coach, and become a Gentleman. Now, have I not the same right to the good thing in life as he has, providing I follow the same track? "Put thy hand to the plough, Walter, and say no more, for I am perfectly satisfied with the nature of thy complaint."
In my next I shall send you a box of "Anti Emigration Pills," carefully prepared with my own hands, and if they do not eradicate your disorder, root and branch, may I be transform-

into a dachan lawyer, the most ac- cursed of all cattle and creeping things, because he lives at heck and manger upon the animosities of the simple.
In my last, I promised to send you a perspective view of London, which, when completed, shall be forwarded with all possible dispatch. My draughtsmen are busily employed at present in taking views of this cele- brated city; and when they have finished their respective darques, I propose stitching them together in the form of a quilt, and hanging it out on some hedge or other for the mob to gaze at. In the mean time, that you may form some idea of this certainly will be famous daub, take the following rough draught by way of prospectus:—Lon- don is the nursery of wisdom, pru- dence, and economy; and it is the nest of ignorance, folly, and profligate extravagance.—London is the arsenal of Honor, truth, and integri- ty; and it is a den of thieves, looun- drels, and vagabonds, of every deno- mination:—London is the elysium of modesty and innocence, and it is like a modern Sodom, yea it is even like unto Gomorrah.—London is the dwell- ing-place of morality, religion, and virtue; and, on the other hand, to make free with the title with which my dast domestic Rab Gordon used to signify the dancing schools, it is "the synagogue of Satan." But the com- pletion of this picture, together with a great many more of the like impor- tance, must be deferred till such time as I find myself in the humour, and when that will come to pass "let time and chance determine."
A Gold Watch Lost.
LOST on Thursday, the 11th of July, in the Town of Carter- ville, an
ELEGANT GOLD WATCH, half-capped and jewelled; horizontally contrasted; Makers name, MAR- GETTS, London. No. 1. Gold chain, key, and Cornelian seal, set in gold. Whoever will deliver the said Watch, &c. to Mr. Samuel Irvine, of Lynchburg, or Mr. Edmund W. Rootes, of Richmond, or to the sub- scribes, in Amherst, shall receive thirty dollars reward.
ALEXANDER B. ROSE. September 23, 1805.
CHARLOTTE COURT. Oct 22d, 1805. Charles Haraway, Plff. } IN AGAINST } Chancery. Lake Hazlewood, } & Johan Jackson. Dfs.
THE defendant Hazlewood not having entered his appearance accor- ding to the act of Assembly and the rules of this Court, and it appearing to the satisfaction of the Court, that he is not inhabitant of this State.—On the motion of the plaintiff by his attorney, it is ordered that he appear here on the first day of August Court next, and answer the plaintiff's bill, and give security to the satisfaction of the court or performing the decree of the said court.—That a copy of this order be inserted in one of the Virginia Gazettes for two months successively, and posted at the front door of the court-house of the said county.
A Copy—Teste Thomas Read, C. C. C.
HYMNS.
Just published and for sale at the Star Office, (Price, Twenty Five Cents.) A choice selection of Hymns:
This first part, contains the newest and so much admired Spiritual Songs practised with such beneficial effects, dur- ing the late Camp, and other Meetings, in the counties of Amherst, and Bedford, and in the vicinity of Lynchburg.
GAMUTS
Also For Sale at this Office.
ALL persons are hereby forewarn- ed from trading for or taking an as- signment of a Bond Executed by me to John Keen, Esq. for sixty odd pounds due the 25th December next, also an other Bond given to Wm. Brooks for thirty three pounds due at the same time the above bonds was given in consideration for the purchase of a tract of land, wherein it appears that I have been defrauded.
WILLIAM BREZENDINE Esq. Franklin, 1st July, 1806.
LYNCHBURG.
THURSDAY JULY 17, 1806.
The FOURTH of JULY has re-in- spired an holy zeal throughout the union. This zeal is uttered strongly in all the pa- pers received by last mail. 'Tis excel- lent: for when this expires liberty will expire with it.—An eminent Greek po- et and soldier, remarked that he cared not who commanded the armies, so that he might have the privilege of composing the war-songs.—Such was his reliance on ten- timent.
We shall draw upon the "French Sketch- er" next week.
Short energetic communications best suit a weekly news-paper.
The communication signed "Crito" was not received till nearly five weeks af- ter it was written. This accounts mea- surably for its appearance at so late a day.
The "Traveller" to "Wattie," and the "Student in Astronomy" must de- light every laughter-loving reader.
A singular disease, 'tis said, prevails in the Illinois country. It seizes only girls of 12 years of age or under, beginning with head-ach and fever, and generally terminates in death on the third day.
"Impudence may be inferred from fi- ery staring eyes, eager look, circular fore- head, round ruddy countenance, elevated cheek, flat nose, and loud laughter."— There may be exceptions.
An ugly and a poor man is society for himself.
Artificial reckoning involves a man in fresh difficulties, and proves a serious drawback on the score of expectancy.
A man in Leicester (England) 45 years of age weighs 644lb !!! As Mungo lays in the play "What a Tump!"
In Pennsylvania, on the 5th of May, such was the drouth of the weather that in consequence of the woods catching fire, and spreading, 10 or 12 barns, and one dwelling house were destroyed.
The Lancaster Intelligencer states that British oil immediately applied, cured two severe bites of a large spotted viper or copper-headed snake. The person bit- ten was mowing barefoot, & had trod on the reptile.
At Michilimackinac, report says, the inhabitants are all in arms; and that be- tween 5 and 600 Indians are assembled with hostile intentions.
The bell-bound Duffee—the black Emperor of St. Domingo, has a sweeping work of it.—He decreed that no white man should wear a head, and a priest, a physician, and an officer in the customs excepted—the whites were butch- ered accordingly.
Sadelen deplors her connexion with England. The alliance is deemed fatal, a sad cause, as being the sole cause of the French depredations on their commerce and ships, which are captured without number.
'Tis reported that Miranda has failed totally in his attempt on Caraccas. It is lamentable indeed must be the lot of his ill fated adherents.—The torture, the gibbet, or some other yet more barbarous death, probably awaits them.
Wanted to purchase, and for which a liberal price will be given, a Shield , proof against the darts of falsehood and malevolence. Enquire of the first man you meet.
A poisonous quality has been ascribed to a Caterpillar said to be peculiar to the Lombardy poplar.—In the Philadelphia Gazette however, of the 3d instant, it is satisfactorily proved from several experi- ments made by Joseph Paitin on pups and kittens by applying the caterpillar in va- rious ways to different parts of these ani- mals, and by incisions &c. &c. made in them, that the apprehension is groundless. So strong was the persuasion of danger, and the prejudice in the minds of many, that they were preparing to cut down this beautiful growth from around their dwellings.
New Orleans, May 20. The Legislative body yesterday made choice of Daniel Clark, Esq. as repre- sentative of that Territory to the Cong- ress of the U. S.
On Friday the 30th May, was executed at Washington, in Wilkes (Georgia) Polly Parkley, in pursuance of her sen- tence, for being accessory to the murder of her husband.
Early in June, the house of Col. Bur- ford of Kentucky was struck with light- ning, and his niece a Miss Lewis, killed. Also on the 1st of the same month, two gentlemen named Kendall, brothers, and a youth the son of one of them, about 16, were killed in their house by lightning near Keene in New-Hampshire.
Most Novel readers have been greatly delighted with the "Italian MYSTERIES OF UDOLPHO, THE ROMANCE OF THE FOREST, &c." written by the celebrated and amiable Mrs. ANN RADCLIFF. Such cannot but be grieved on being in- formed, that this once charming woman, is now a wild maniac—totally deprive- d of her reason.
Doctor Johnson's Character of Goldsmith.
He was a man of such variety of pow- ers, and such felicity of performance, that he always seemed to do the least that which he was doing; a man who had the art of being minute, without tedious- ness, and general without confusion; whose language was copious, without ex- uberance, exact without constraint, and easy without weakness.
QUERE—Would not Shew-men be proper subjects for taxation?—Curiosity is natural to man, and will be gratified. Now, as it is neither within the province nor power of the legislator to prevent or alter this disposition of the human mind it should be directed and applied to the best possible purpose.—Oblige such to re- turn one fourth, or rate the exhibition at a given price per night, and let them act or exhibit under licence or permit.—The ingenious author of the "Fable of the Bees" demonstrates that private vices are public benefits, under proper directi- on. Considerable sums have been fruit- lessly thrown away here on trifling exhibi- tions, and as population increases, so doubtless will the Shews. By a tax only can the evil be redressed, or made sub- servient to public utility.
SONIN'S DESCRIPTION OF A GREEK.
The man of these delightful parts of Greece is of a handsome figure; he car- ries his head high, his body erect, or ra- ther inclined backward than forward; he is dignified in his carriage; easy in his manners; and nimble in his gait; his eyes are full of vivacity, his countenance is open, and his address agreeable and prepossessing; he is neat and elegant in his clothing; he has a taste for dress, as for every thing that is beautiful; active, industrious, and even enterprising, he is capable of executing great things; he speaks with ease, he expresses himself with warmth; he is acquainted with the lan- guage of the passions, and he likewise ac- quaints them by his natural eloquence; he loves the arts without daring to cultivate them, under the brazen yoke which hangs heavy on his neck; skillful and cunning in trade, he does not always conduct himself in it with that frankness which constitutes its principal basis; and if we still find in modern Greece many of the fine qualities which do honor to the hi- story of ancient Greece, it cannot be de- nied that superstition, the child of ignorance and slavery, greatly tarnishes their lustre; and we also discover in their disposition, that fickleness, that pliability, that want of sincerity, in short, that artful turn of mind which borders on treachery, and of which the Greeks of antiquity have been accused.
But this obliquity of character fortu- nately does not extend, or at least is very much weakened, among the women of the same countries. The Greek females are, in general, distinguished by a noble and easy shape, and a majestic carriage. Their features, traced by the hand of beauty, re- flect the warm and profound softness of fertility; the fecundity of their counte- nance is that of dignity, without having its coldness or gravity; they are amiable without pretension, decent without sour- ness, charming without affectation. It is to such brilliant qualities, we add elevation of ideas, warmth of expression, those flights of simple and ingenious eloquence which attract and fascinate, a truly devo- ted attachment to persons beloved, exact- ness and fidelity to their duties, we shall have some notions of those privileged beings, with whom nature, in her munifi- cence, has embellished the earth, and who are not rare in Greece. There it is that the genius of the artists of antiquity would still have the choice of more than one model."
PLOUGHS.
ARTHUR YOUNG having made a great number of experiments with various kinds of Ploughs—having weighed each plough, examined its construction, and found exactly the relative force that was necessary to draw it through the ground; he deduced from those experiments seve- ral practical principles which may be very useful in the construction of Ploughs, and also to instruct farmers whether their Ploughs are well or ill constructed. It is well known not only that some Ploughs turn over the ground much better than o- thers; but also that when two Ploughs are of the same weight, it often requires much more force or strength of team to draw one than the other. And it is a never failing rule, that a plough which makes the best work, (other circumstances being equal,) is the easiest drawn thro' the ground.—"Contrary to common ideas the light weight of the plough is of little consequence, and heaviness is even an ad- vantage otherwise than otherwise. The drawing the weight of a plough is the least part of the team's labour; the great object is, the resistance met with in the co- hesion of the earth; lightness does nothing to overcome this; it is effected by just proportions only. If a plough is not made on true principles, the lightness is preju- dicial by adding to the unsteadiness of all ill made ploughs. A light plough that requires constant exertion to keep it in the ground, besides tiring the holder, is har- der drawn than a heavier one, that of it- self, and almost without any labour to the man who follows it, keeps in the ground steadily, inclining to run neither too deep nor too shallow. When the plough plung- es or inclines to run too deep, the team has not only to draw a considerable part of the holder's weight, but also to over- come a great additional resistance which the earth makes to the passage of such an ill-constructed machine."
"The share should be nearly, if not quite as broad in the fin, as the plough is wide in the heel, in order that all the fur- rows may be cut, and not torn up by force. Both these articles are of great consequence."
Young mentions a plough, projected by Mr. Arbuthnot, as being the best he
had tried; and that "it owed its superi- ority to the share rising as an inclined plane and melting gradually into the sweep of its long mould board." Mr. Young projected a plough that combined the distinguishing excellencies of Arbuth- not's with those of an iron Plough, con- structed by a Mr. Brand, who, for its su- perior construction, obtained a bounty of twenty pounds, sterling, from the agri- cultural society. Concerning this plough of Young's, which united the excellencies of the two ploughs aforementioned, he says —"This plough, tho' a swing one, will go a perch, and sometimes more, without the driver holding it at all, and whole furrows with no more of the ploughman's strength applied than one finger would give.—This is, perhaps, of all others, the surest proof that the plough moves with the greatest possible ease."
A plough is a most necessary instru- ment of husbandry; and mechanical skill can hardly be better employed, than in making improvements in this useful ma- chine, so as to bring it as near perfection as possible.
From the Albany Gazette.
Messrs. Printers,
I have been much entertained with the numerous observations and accounts of the late eclipse. They are interesting in several respects.—They evince considera- ble attainments in science, a spirit of ob- servation, a cultivated taste, and hearts susceptible of fine impressions. After such a sublime display of the powers of nature nothing can be more agreeable than the various images and pictures reflected from various minds in their different views of this great phenomenon. Some are distin- guished by the profound labours of scien- tific calculation; others by elevated flights of fancy and rapturous sentiment, while others afford choice specimens of the live- ly or the gloomy pictureque.
A few short notes on one or two of the most remarkable of these descriptions may not be unacceptable. Among such a pro- fusion of descriptive beauties, a sketch, even at second hand, may not be destitute of interest.
In reading the remarks made before the event by one who is styled "An Astrono- mer of the present time," one cannot but be struck with the reflection, that while common geniuses are content to calculate and describe an eclipse in refer- ence to this earth, it must require indeed an amazing reach of science as well as stretch of fancy, to calculate the same e- clipse in reference to universal space; or, as our "Astronomer" expresses it, "tra- velling in expanse ." By this profound observation, it appears that the sun has been eclipsed ever since the creation; and that our unavarious position alone has prevented our seeing it. How must we who have been accustomed to regard an eclipse as the phenomenon of an hour, be surprised to learn that it is a permanent thing! That the eclipse which has been lately so much admired, was not only total but everlasting ! That though, to the naked eye it is but a rare and trans- eunt event, to the astronomical eye, it is ever present! Sublime conception! Nor can it lessen this sublimity to learn that it de- pends upon the principle, equally simple and grand, that the sun being a luminous body, and the moon an opaque one, and the latter being always, in relation to some part of space, right before the sun, it must of course cast a shade, and wherever the shade falls there must be an eclipse. Such an eclipse, indeed, would be less pro- fitable than wonderful. But this is no ob- jection—it is a matter of pure abstract science. Eclipses were not made for us.
Having paid to this travelling and ne- ver-tiring eclipse, a tribute of admiration to well merited by the amazing discovery, I pass to a few remarks on a curious ob- servation made at one of our western vil- lages; an observation more limited in its range; but as it contains some striking features, and is couched in a more pop- ular and familiar style, it is full of interest. Having less of science, it has more warmth of colouring and descriptive beau- ty; and in some instances rises into poetry. In a short compass are depicted more of the effects of the eclipse upon the animate and inanimate creation than in any other account we have. The sun "though wholly obscured emitted visible rays from behind the dark body that covered it;" a light indeed "too feeble, to form a shade" except always the great shade of the moon itself. "Many stars appeared," though "less numerous than in clear evenings;" for though nature was in shade, it was only "twilight," and a great many stars could not appear. "The fowls," the "doves," the "whippoorwill," and even the "dew," were completely deceived. No mention is made of the owls; but it is left to the presumption of the reader, that while others took to the roof, those vigilant birds must have taken advantage of the obscurity to regale the naked eye. The first emerging of "the glorious orb" was a new creation, and the moon, the prime agent in this operation, as she re- tired, seemed to say, in majestic Latin, " Sit lux, et lux fuit ." But the consum- mation of the whole scene was the stroke of retaliation, by which the moon, having so long eclipsed the sun, was "eclipsed" in her turn, and was no more visible the whole day. For a while the dragon seem- ed to devour the luminary, but the re- fulgent luminary finally eat up the dragon. This result escaped the predictions of all our almanacs, and exhibited the strange spectacle of two eclipses in one day.
But among the various descriptions of the grand phenomenon, none that I have seen is worthy of comparison with the brief and beautiful one from Poughkeepsie. This may have derived some ad- vantage from the observation, there, be- ing taken with the assistance of an instru- ment called a BAROMETER. Much how- ever is clearly due to the genius of the observer. It agrees with others in most of the ordinary circumstances. It notices the "fowls ascending their roosts,"
(doubtless with sad and solemn pace; and where indeed they experienced the short- est night they ever roosted in their little lives) the birds "hovering among the bushes," the bats flitting along the air, the brilliant lustre of shining Venus , the deep twilight , &c. &c. But the Pough- keepsie picture has one feature of intrinsic and uncommon beauty, derived from con- trast, namely, that while the hens were roosting for night, the cocks were crow- ing for morning. Again, "a chillness" not gradual , like the increase of the ob- scurity, as we should naturally expect in such a case, but, " sudden ," "pervaded the atmosphere." But when "the glo- rious luminary burst from its confine- ment" behind the moon, it " instantly dissipated the gloom, and gradually resto- red the day." The gloom was gone, but still the day was a little tardy. Again, "innumerable vapory shadows, of various forms, were seen in tremulous motions on the surface of the earth, resembling the undulations of the ocean." This would be not unworthy of Ossian. Indeed I may venture to say, that even Ossian, with all his experience and taste in scenes of va- por and shades of mist would never have hit upon a comparison so happy as this, of the tremulous motions of aerial shadow with the waves of the troubled sea. It was through the medium of these vapors on the surface of the earth, that the ob- server must have seen those stars which he says were "visible in various parts of the horizon." Stars in the horizon are rare phenomena. But as the heavenly bodies seen through a misty medium sometimes appear magnified, so it may well happen that the same bodies viewed through "vapory shadows in tremulous motion," during an eclipse, would be greatly mul- tiplied, even in the horizon.
But I forbear: both time and strength would fail me to recount the wonders of the 16th of June, as exhibited thro' the perspective of our various newspapers. Oppressed already, were I to attempt to comment on all the beauties of these de- scriptions, I should sink under the bur- then.
A STUDENT IN ASTRONOMY.
New-Orleans, May 23.
Letters have been received from Kas- kaskias and Fort St. Louis, which men- tion the arrival of Lieut. Z. M. Pike from the Northern boundary of the U. States. It appears that Lieut. Pike was dispatch- ed with a command of more than 30 men in the month of April or May, 1805, from Fort St. Louis to explore the main branch of the Mississippi river, and for o- ther purposes; his orders and instructions were to ascertain particularly the la- titude and longitude of the various places on the river, and one great object was to discover an illicit trade supposed to be carried on between British traders of the north-west company with the Indians within the United States.
The letters state that Lieut. Pike found British traders several hundred miles with- in our lines, trading with the Indians, that they collected duties for goods to the amount of upwards of 25,000 dollars—that the Indians were stimulated by those traders to commit depredations on him and his party—that he had several skirm- ishes with them, in which he lost five or six men, and always made them retreat. This information comes from well authen- ticated that it may be relied upon.
NATCHITOCHES, May 6, 1806.
"Every thing is now quiet in this quar- ter. The Spaniards are behaving like friends.—Their commanders inform that they have received orders to treat the A- mericans with attention and respect; they take every possible means to cultivate peace and harmony."
"A party has been ordered out by go- vernment for exploring Red River, and I hope soon to be able to give you some in- teresting information. This River is of immense importance, for by a small ex- pence cutting away some timber that has dammed it up in some places, the naviga- tion may be opened to a distance above 300 miles above this place, and how much far- ther remains to be seen; it is supposed to take its rise near the source of the Missou- ri; and, except for fifty or sixty miles from its mouth, passes through a coun- try that will one day be invaluable—it is really a fine country, and if you were all here I would be content never to leave it. —There are a great number of minor ri- vers that empty into Red River: Black River is one, the navigation of which ex- tends 4 or 500 miles—near the head of this last are some hot springs, said to be beneficial in a number of complaints; many come all the way from Tombigbee to use them. There are scarcely any ad- vantages that might not be had at Nat- chitoche, and it is probable there will be a considerable trade with the Spanish country, by-and-by, for they cannot have a port on the sea-coast nearer than the river Le Grande, and they are now ob- liged for many of their supplies to this country—They send in a great many hor- ses and mules, for trade—these are the only articles of traffic except cash, of which they appear to have a good sup- ply."
Extract of a Letter, dated Grenada, May 27, 1806, from a gentleman on board the Leader, to Samuel G. Ogden.
"We left Jacquet on the 27th March, and arrived at the Island of Aruba on the 9th of April, where after taking in suffi- cient water we failed on the 15th April, and being off the main on the 27th near Porto Cavello, we fell in with a Spanish brig of 20 guns, and a Schooner of 16 guns, by both of which we were attack- ed, and had an action of half an hour, but no great damage done on either side; however, during the contest, we were so unfortunate as to lose two Schooners who had chartered at Jacquet, on board of which vessels were about 60 men. This circumstance was occasioned by those Schooners falling to the leeward, and our not being able to separate the brig from

the schooner, in this case we certainly should have saved our little convoy; however, to remedy which evil, we immediately determined to go to Trinidad, to obtain such information and assistance as the British might be disposed to afford us. On our way, we fortunately fell in with the British Sloop of war Lilly, capt. Campbell, who received us with much cordiality, and informed us it was his particular instructions to serve us, at the same time advising us to put into Grenada, as the Governor of that Island had some particular communications to make to Gen. Miranda. We also received the Governor's assurance of the most prompt co-operation. We shall probably take up one or two days at most, in making the necessary arrangements here, and shall then proceed immediately to Trinidad, (in company with the Lilly Sloop of war) where we understand the Governor of that Island will also give us every assistance that is necessary.
The Jason Frigate is now on the coast with a number of volunteers on board; this ship is commanded by capt. Cochrane, son of Admiral Cochrane, who we understand from the best authority, has particular instructions to forward and protect our enterprise.
I have now the happiness to observe that this new turn to our operations has given much animation to all on board the Leader; and I sincerely hope my next will inform you that our glorious enterprise is fully accomplished.
Crito, No. III.
Politeness.
Politeness consists in compliments, ceremonies, bows, nods, smiles, and numerous airs and salutations. It governs the limbs, tongue, and countenance, and only makes use of the understanding & heart as servants. It regulates the countenance by certain modes and forms, so that the feelings and passions cannot be discovered, and instantly puts a person at his pleasure, in all the airs desirable or imaginable. It teaches many little excellencies and elegancies, and all the fashionable cantankerous and phrases; and above all things, shews a person how to express kindness without meaning or wishing it. By a kind of chemical process, it works out all the dross and coarse particles of nature, and so refines, polishes, and varnishes a person, that he appears the most comely, perfect being imaginable. Young ladies, that have been regenerated by this Goddess of graces, becomes at once such soft, pretty, sweet, genteel things, that they are the most amiable objects the eye can possibly behold. Politeness is a Goddess of high and fine notions, and very choice in her subjects and place of her abode. She was born of Deceit, and nursed by Fashion. There is a certain plain, comely, and chaste Lady, who is often called Politeness by many, by others Civility—but by some Ruffianry; because she is always accompanied by old Sincerity, her handmaid. But she is so much ridiculed and despised by the beaux, coquettes, and fashionable people, that she seldom comes into society.
The manners of people have run into such strange absurdities and excesses. The world has grown so full of dissimulation and compliments, that men's words are hardly any signification of their thoughts; and if any man measure his words by his heart, and speak as he thinks, and do not express more kindness to every man, than men usually have for any man, he can hardly escape the censure of want of breeding. It is a matter of complaint, that sincerity and plainness are out of fashion, and that our language is running into a lie; that men have almost quite perverted the use of speech, and made words to signify nothing; that the greatest part of the conversation of mankind is little else, but driving a trade of dissimulation.
Counterfeit or false language is more pernicious to society, than counterfeit money; because it not only defrauds men of their money and rights, but corrupts and debases the whole mass of society by its general use and circulation. When dissimulation and falsehood become familiar to a person, the most enormous vices will claim his notice, and crown themselves into his heart. Could our dialect of conversation be confined within the bounds of sincerity, it would be of infinite service to morality and religion. Men would find vanity and affectation useless incumbrances, and would shrink into their natural dimensions. They could not be so enamored and deceived by false and intrigue as they now are; but would be able to make a proper estimate of themselves and their fellow men.
The art of pleasing is now considered the most useful study, and valuable acquisition. Civil merit can have no reward or respect without hiring panegyrists. Men had rather be led up the alceat of honor by the gentle hand of favour, than to make their way by their own ability. Eulogy is delusion, and the music of flattery enchanting to all men. Praise being often successfully bestowed, it has become fashionable, when a person desires promotion, to lavish it upon all with the utmost exuberance. It is hard to please without flattery. None can eulogize or flatter without servility, and few can be servile without corruption.
Duplicity has become a very common and palatable dish, and is served up for every visitor. Parents, instead of teaching their daughters cookery, and the management of domestic affairs, learn them to cook their words & modify their behaviour so as to suit every taste. Many young men and ladies completely disguise themselves in all their words and actions, till they are married, when they discover their boisterous passions, corrupt hearts, and empty heads.
There is often the least complaisance and genuine politeness among those, who study the exact measures and rules of cere-
mony, and watch all the variations of fashionable courtesy. They never extend their care beyond the exterior and unessential parts of civility, nor refuse their own vanity any gratification, however expensive to others. I will drop this subject as I have just received a letter from a friend disapproving of my sentiments on education and manners.—The letter is as follows.—
Mr. Crito, "You are mightily mistaken in your observations on education. Those little, trifling, superficial acquisitions, as you call them, are matters of the greatest magnitude and of primary consideration in the education of youth. People do not improve themselves enough in these little airs, graces, and notions of behaviour. Nothing gives a young man more dignity and respect than entering a room with a good air, and expressing himself with audacity. Plain, sober, modest young men, are always considered by both sexes, as uncouth, unpolished fellows, of no lite, spirit, or genius. My own experience and observation convince me, that a fine dress, an audacious look, and a supple tongue make the man."
"In early life I was made a counter-jumper or shoe-boy, or, as some say, a clerk for a merchant. In this situation I saw and learnt much of the world and its fashions, and soon became a smart, pert, forward young fellow. Being a fellow of spirit and show, I made my way into the first rank of people, and got a rich wife; and by enterprise and good fortune, I have accumulated a great mass of wealth, besides what I got by my wife, and have become one of the most noted characters in the country. I am visited by gentlemen of respectability and learning, from whom I have learned a thousand anecdotes, and little scraps of literature, and obtained a great stock of good words. Altho' I know nothing of any of the branches of literature, I can give a correct opinion of all the modern publications; and as to news-papers, scarcely any person knows so much about them as I do. In short, I can speak as fluently as any person upon most topics of discourse. Depend upon it, Sir, a knowledge of the world, and exterior embellishments are the weightier matters of education. My sons are learning the sciences, but I make them pay most attention to these sublime perfections, which are so attracting and pleasing to the ladies & fine gentlemen. My son Smart is only 13, and he can walk majestically, look great and bold, and handle the biggest word in my great Dictionary, with the utmost ease. The ladies call him the pink of good breeding and politeness. Adieu, Sir:—Miss Pittilla Simper is just stepping out of her coach at my gate."
"R. LITTLEBIG."
Extracts of a letter from a Gentleman at Detroit, to his correspondent in New-York, dated June 10, 1806.
"Since my arrival at this place there have been several reports made to Mr. S. Griswold, our acting Governor, by Indian traders, from different parts of the country, of the frequent secret councils held by the Indians, under pretence of passing laws to oblige their own people to become loiter and industrious, by applying their time to improving lands and living after the manner of the white people; but knowing their practice of dissimulation and treachery, we were suspicious that their meetings were to concert measures to make an incursion into this country, plunder the inhabitants, and retire. This occasioned a sense of danger to spread amongst the people. But altho' this timely notice has been given, I fear we have been deficient in proving against the dangers of which from the remote situation of this place, we are particularly exposed. The vast extent of the frontiers, the scattered situation of the settlements, the nature of savage warfare, together with the exact knowledge the Indians possess of every part of this country, make me fear that the inhabitants who are not under immediate protection of the fort, will find their resistance ineffectual."
"I have deferred writing you on this subject before, for fear of giving an unnecessary alarm not being sufficiently assured of the truth of the reports. We are now no longer in doubt, that the Indians are preparing to commence war against the United States, and we daily expect an attack at this place. We are well informed, that they have an unusual quantity of provision and ammunition in their possession."
"These accounts are corroborated by an express from Fort Wayne [on the Miami] sent by the commanding officer, and the arrival of the brig Adams from Michilimackinac, where the inhabitants were all under arms, and one half on guard every night. Between 5 and 600 Indians were assembled on the island, when the Adams failed, with great pretensions of friendship—but the commanding officer of that post, has no doubt of their hostile intentions whenever they find themselves sufficiently strong; and well knowing their treachery, he will not trust to their outward appearances, but keeps in readiness to defend the fort against any attack which they may meditate upon it."
"These circumstances afford cause of the greatest alarm, and we have
been in council for these three days, for the purpose of taking every possible defensive precaution, and have at last resolved to build block-houses in different parts of the territory for the protection of the inhabitants."
The authenticity of the following cannot be believed to be questioned; as it is said to come from the little intriguing ex-minister of Spain. Aurora.
FROM THE UNITED STATES GAZETTE
Extracts of a letter from Carracas, I anticipate your impatience, and send you a list of prisoners taken on board Miranda's Schooners. It has been furnished to me by a Spaniard, unacquainted with our language, and some names are copied in their true meaning. The bubble of that adventurer's expedition is burst, and this province is in such a state of defence, both by nature and by the reunion and organization of its resources, that not less than ten thousand regular troops would make any serious impression on it. The inhabitants in general have shown much loyalty and attachment to their government; forty thousand dollars have been subscribed in this country, and offered as a price for Miranda's head; but he has escaped by flight, and some of our countrymen are actually under close confinement, from which they will only be released by death. The most intelligent among the prisoners declare the expedition received the encouragement of our administration; the news we received from the United States appears to confirm this supposition.—If this be so, our rulers have degraded themselves indeed, and will be answerable before God and their country for the blood of these imprudent and deluded men, the greatest number of whom will most assuredly be executed as pirates.
LIST OF PERSONS
Taken in the two Schooners which accompanied the Leader. Wm. Lipcott, jun. Alexander Buchanan Daniel Randall Matthew Buchanan Dunning, dead. Stephen Buffis Paul A. Forge George Ferguson Guthvans Adolphus William Cartwright Bergand, Samuel Tozes Daniel D. Kenfuer, Abraham Head Baily Negus, James Haeghy Henry Ingerdon, John Sullivan Robert Saunders, Thomas Donahue John Elliot, Jeremiah Pabells Daniel Mackey, John Ferris John Hayes, Charles Schuman Henry Hervey, Miles Toall Moses Smith, John H. Skirman John Parcells, Thomas Billort or Daniel Nifson, Billok Eden Bulingham, Frederick Reachen Joseph Benner, James Grant Benjamin Davis, Francis Tragubaufan John Edel or Eidel, William Long John Stott, Sam. Prin or Price Phineas Raymond, David Finkle John Burck, John Moore Ely King, Thomas Gill Peter Awkinditry, Robert Huenfong or William Burnside, Hartison Robert Rains, Benjamin Nicholson Pentree Grant, John Smith Joseph Eels, William Pride Daniel Newbury, James Garden
"Is this the son of the Ex-Surveyor of New-York?"
"Passing on to a comparison of our government with that of any other nation, we find equal cause of gratulation. Ours is literally and truly a government of the people, administered by them for their own happiness. It completely protects them in the enjoyment of equal political rights, in the sacred rights of conscience, in the secure enjoyment of property, and the undisturbed employment of their mental or corporeal faculties. Is there a government on earth of which the same can be said? Is there another government, in which these rights are not grossly, are not systematically violated? There is none in which the liberty of conscience is not invaded by intolerance and superstition, in which political rights are not unjustly monopolized by the hand of violence or fraud, in which the rights of property are not sported with, either by open violence or an oppressive system of taxation, and in which the sphere of individual exertion is not limited by multifarious conditions and restrictions. In the United States we have no privileged orders, no monopolies, no standing armies, (deserving of the name) or vast naval establishments—those pregnant sources of tyranny and oppression, and concomitants of a wretched and starving population. Two great consequences follow, of themselves sufficient distinctly to characterize the lot of nations—light taxes and permanent state of peace. While these continue, the republic is in little danger. War and money are the great instruments of tyranny. The annals of the world, accordingly, shew that they have been the most powerful agents in the subversion of the fairest and proudest fabrics it has ever beheld."
"But if we wish to contemplate the strongest attestations to the superior lot of the Americans over every other people, we ought to compare the situation of the private citizens of these states with that of the subjects of foreign powers. It is here that we strip the pageant of government of its gaudy trappings, and see its defects delineated, such as they truly are, at the fire-side of the honest yeoman. The favoured sons of fortune assume the same characters, and deck themselves off in the same colours, with but little variation, in every clime, and under every species of government.—They strive to appear gay and happy, and seen through a deceitful medium, are really thought to be so by the common observer. But in the middling and lower ranks of society there is no disguise. Among them there exists no temptation to hypocrisy, nor can they deceive if they would. The rags that imperfectly cover their nakedness, and the haggard looks of famine that appear in the faces of their wives and children defy concealment. On the other hand, where all is sunshine, when the light toils of the day are invariably crowned with success, where the labourer is rewarded with an abundant supply of his own wants and those of his family, and when every day affords him the means of increasing the circles of his enjoyments, joy sparkles in his eye, his tongue expresses the gratitude he feels, and he finds himself the centre of a circle of content and gaiety. Contrasted as this picture is, it is true and more than true, in its application to the husbandman of America and the peasant of Europe. We have already unfolded some of the causes of this marked difference. To detail them all would require a volume. Some of them are to be found in nature, but by far the larger part may be traced to moral principles and political institutions. Human industry is never so active, intelligent or productive, as when directed by the individual, without any interposition on the part of the government except to protect it and the fruits it produces. This is the proud and exclusive prerogative of the governments established in this country. From this feature it necessarily follows that no more burdens are imposed upon the people than are absolutely necessary for the promotion of their welfare."
"The time has been even in this country, when many of our wisest men doubted the feasibility of a republican government. But surely these fears ought now to be dismissed. Our system has already endured for thirty years, during which we have had to contend with greater difficulties than will probably ever hereafter beset us. Notwithstanding these dangers the American republic has stood unshaken amidst a storm that has subverted empires formerly renowned for their power, and which has agitated the whole civilized world. For twenty-four years of this term we have enjoyed a state of uninterrupted peace, and have increased in numbers with a rapidity that is without precedent, and which is only surpassed by the still greater rapidity with which our wealth has advanced. During this period, we have not been so intoxicated with our prosperity as to be blind to the defects of our system of government and laws. On the contrary, wisely considering a progression in knowledge among the best attributes of our nature, we have not been too proud or corrupt to profit by the lessons of our own experience, or by those of others." Nat. Intel.
"No sir," replied the governor "had we taken you fairly at sea, or approaching our coasts with hostile intentions, your ship would then have been a prize, and your people prisoners. But we, though enemies are men, and as such are bound, by the common ties of humanity, to afford relief to our fellow-men in distress. We cannot, even against an enemy, take advantage of an act of God. You may therefore resist your will, traffic so far as may be necessary to defray your expenses, and depart without molestation. I shall give you a pass, which will protect you till you are beyond Bermudas. If you are taken afterwards, you must be a prize, and your people prisoners; but now you are only a stranger, and consequently have a stranger's right to safety and protection."
She accordingly departed, after having undergone the necessary repairs, and arrived safe in London. Letters from New Orleans, dated June 1, say, "governor Claiborne has lately given his negative to two or three bills passed by the legislature. This has greatly irritated that body; in consequence of which, a resolution to the following purport, passed both houses: "Whereas the members of these houses, in accepting seats therein, were actuated by the purest wishes for the public good, and whereas the governor of this territory has successively negatived their wisest laws and proceedings, it is therefore resolved that this house, taking into consideration the heavy and unnecessary expense it occasions to the territory, do unanimously adjourn until the first week in February." Phil. Gaz.
GENEROSEITY OF A SPANISH GOVERNOR.
Generosity, wherever it is found, is worthy of the highest honor; and seldom fails to meet with due applause. There is something so captivating, in this Goaltic virtue, that we are charmed by the very recital of a humane and generous action. But when it is exercised towards an enemy, we must be infeasible indeed to every thing that is truly great, if we do not feel a degree of reverence and admiration, which cannot be expressed in words. Among the many noble actions of this kind, that do honor to human nature, the following is related by one of the persons on board at the time, who is still living.
In the year 1756, when Great Britain was engaged in a war with Spain, the Elizabeth of London, captain William Edwards, coming from Jamaica, richly laden, met with a most violent storm in the gulf, by which means she sprung a leak, which threatened the crew with immediate destruction. To save their lives, they were obliged to run her into the Havannah. The captain went on shore directly, waited on the governor, told him the occasion of his putting in there, and that he surrendered his ship as a prize, and himself and his men as prisoners of war, only requesting good treatment. "No sir," replied the governor "had we taken you fairly at sea, or approaching our coasts with hostile intentions, your ship would then have been a prize, and your people prisoners. But we, though enemies are men, and as such are bound, by the common ties of humanity, to afford relief to our fellow-men in distress. We cannot, even against an enemy, take advantage of an act of God. You may therefore resist your will,
traffic so far as may be necessary to defray your expenses, and depart without molestation. I shall give you a pass, which will protect you till you are beyond Bermudas. If you are taken afterwards, you must be a prize, and your people prisoners; but now you are only a stranger, and consequently have a stranger's right to safety and protection."
She accordingly departed, after having undergone the necessary repairs, and arrived safe in London.
Letters from New Orleans, dated June 1, say, "governor Claiborne has lately given his negative to two or three bills passed by the legislature. This has greatly irritated that body; in consequence of which, a resolution to the following purport, passed both houses: "Whereas the members of these houses, in accepting seats therein, were actuated by the purest wishes for the public good, and whereas the governor of this territory has successively negatived their wisest laws and proceedings, it is therefore resolved that this house, taking into consideration the heavy and unnecessary expense it occasions to the territory, do unanimously adjourn until the first week in February." Phil. Gaz.
Our correspondent at Bordeaux, under date of April 28, remarks, "Fears are now entertained that there will soon be no other neutral flag than that of America; meanwhile, business remains dull, as per our last." ib.
Cure for the Dysentery.
In one gill of fountain water dissolve as much common table or sea salt, as it will take up or melt, add to it one gill of good vinegar.
Of this mixture, give once in a quarter or half an hour, to grown persons, or to children such doses as the stomach will bear without puking—if a considerable portion of the essence of peppermint be added, it will be a valuable improvement of the medicine.
The sick person may drink freely of Port, Madeira, or any good wine, or if these cannot be procured, he may drink French brandy, or common spirits, moderately, diluted with water, and sweetened with sugar.
The West India prescription for this disease is as follows, viz: to a table spoonful of common table salt, dissolved in a pint of warm water, and 4 wine glasses full of lime juice—which a wine glass full is to be given to the patient every two hours, until relieved.
Notice.
Is hereby given to all persons having claims against the estate of Nathaniel Tate, dec'd, to meet the subscriber at Col. Edmund Tate's, on Wednesday the 1st of August next, in order to produce their respective claims for settlement. Those indebted to said estate are requested to come forward and make immediate payment as I am determined to take decisive measures to get the business properly settled.
Nathaniel Davis, Admr. Campbell, July 17, 1806. 3 w .
Notice.
COMMITTED to the Jail of Henry County, a NEGRO WOMAN as a runaway, who says her name is LUCY, and that she is the property of Robert Coleman of the county of Buckingham; a tall woman, and says she is about fifty years of age—The owner is desired to pay charges and take her away.
GEORGE HAIRSTON, Sheriff. July 10, 1806. 4 w .
BY virtue of a Deed of Trust executed to the subscriber by William Evans of the county of Amherst, for the purpose of securing the payment of a debt due to Brown Murphy & Co. for the sum of two hundred and thirteen pounds and four pence, with interest thereon from the first day of August 1804, and the expenses attending the execution of the trust,
WILL be sold to the highest bidder for ready money, on Saturday the 23rd day of August next, at the dwelling house of the said William Evans in the county aforesaid, a tract of
LAND,
lying on both sides of Little Piney river, containing by two surveys, three hundred and fifty acres, and bound by the lands of William MOORE, Stephen Turner, and David Clarkson, also one NEGRO WOMAN named PEG, and her increase if any since the executing the Trust.
John Higginbotham, Trustee. Amherst, 14th July, 1806. 14 w .

FOR SALE.
A Valuable Estate in Henry County on the Horse-Pasture Creek known by the name of Jordan's Choice containing 1000 acres of the old survey, all of which is of prime quality; adjoining is a new survey of 86 acres well timbered, and on the opposite side of the plantation, 500 acres which tho' it does not join, is sufficiently near and convenient to furnish the necessary supplies of wood for fencing and fuel.
This plantation for 30 years last past has never rented for less than 7,500 lbs. of Lynchburg crop inspected Tobacco, weighing 1250 or upwards per Hogshead—and during that period the rent was 500 dollars per annum.
At present, only one half of the cleared land is under lease for 5,250 lbs of Tobacco.—Immediate possession of the residue will be given, and further particulars made known by the subscriber, who has also for sale ONE tract of land on Otter about 6 miles below Lestwich's Mill, at present occupied by Mrs. Vannerson, and containing about 320 acres.
ONE tract of land on Jennings creek in Botetourt, containing 800 acres—occupied by John Johnson.
ONE Ditto.—Ditto—occupied by William Young, jun.—containing 200 acres.
ONE Ditto.—Ditto unimproved, containing 400 acres.
ANDREW DONALD. Bedford County, Feb. 24.—1806.
Advertisement.
W ILL be sold on the 11th day of August next the following property to wit: about two hundred and twenty-three acres of LAND, the property of Joseph Nicholls, lying in the lower end of Bedford County, on the premises also one hundred acres of LAND, lying near the Ivy Mills in said county, also the said Ivy Mills and one acre of ground on which they are built, also the following SLAVES to wit: Cesar, Isaac, Clary, Jude, Milly, and Rachael, the property of said Nicholls, conveyed to me in Trust to secure the payment of several sums of money as by said Deed more fully appears—The sale of the last mentioned tract of land, will be on the premises, that of the Ivy Mills, and Slaves at the said Ivy Mills.
THOMAS WIATT, Trustee. June 10th, 1806.
2d Memo, the sale of the above mentioned property has been postponed by consent of parties to the day above mentioned, when it will certainly be sold, unless the said Nicholls shall before that time pay the debt aforesaid.
Bedford May Court, 1806. John Ward Plff. } In Chancery AGAINST Henry Millirous Def.
IT appearing to the satisfaction of the Court that a Copy of the interlocutory decree heretofore made in this cause has been served on the defendant, and he having failed to appear and file his answer according to the terms thereof: It is ordered and decreed that the bill be taken for confessed, and that the defendant be forever barred and foreclosed of all equity of redemption, or, in and to, the land and its appurtenances in the bill mentioned, and that Thomas Lestwich, John Clayton, William Anderson, Mark Anthony, and Samuel Smith, or any three of them be appointed commissioners to sell the land and premises for ready money, and convey the same having advertised the sale thereof for eight weeks successively in some convenient news paper—and out of the money arising therefrom satisfy and pay the complainant the sums of money in the bill mentioned, to wit: the sum fifty five pounds four shillings and ten pence; and thirty five pounds nine shillings and ten pence farthing with interest thereon from the 20th of January 1804 till paid, and the costs of recording the Deed of Trust executed by the Defendant, the costs attending the advertisement and sale, and the costs of this suit—and the residue if any to the defendant or his legal representatives—and make report to Court.
A Copy, Teste, J. STEPTOE, C. B. C.
THE celebrated Horse PEACE-MAKER is offered for sale upon two, and three years credit, for particulars, those who are inclined to purchase, are desired to refer to Howard Brantley Esq. Thomas Jones.
July, 1st. 1806.
VIRGINIA.
At a Quarterly Court continued and held for Pittsylvania County the 20th day of May, 1806
Robert Adams, Plff. AGAINST Robert Devin surviving Executor of William Devin, dec'd, and Mary Biggers, William Devin, Robert Devin, Lucy Devin, Suckey Devin, Bryan M. Devin, Peggy Devin, John Devin, Sally Devin, & Elizabeth Devin, dec'd, by Bryan W. Nowlin their guardian, Hugh Reynolds, John D. Reynolds, Sarah Reynolds, William Reynolds, Mary Reynolds, Elizabeth Reynolds, Joseph Reynolds, Robert Reynolds, and Margaret Reynolds, by Jos. Reynolds their guardian, James Devin, Alexander Devin, Isham Hubbard, Peter H. Stockton, (Ralph Smith, Stella Smith, Camilla Smith, John Smith, and Samuel Smith, which said Ralph, Stella, Camilla, John and Samuel Smith are the children of Aggy Smith, formerly Aggy Stockton now dec'd, by John Smith their guardian,) John P. Stockton, James Stuart and Elizabeth his wife formerly Eliz Stockton, John Parish and Keziah his wife formerly Keziah Stockton, Edelle Stockton, Phoebe Stockton, Jehu Stockton, Lemuel Stockton, Patsey Stockton, and Hiram Stockton, heirs of John Stockton dec'd.
THE defendants Alexander Devin, James Devin, Isham Hubbard, and Peter H. Stockton, not having entered their appearance and given security, according to the act of Assembly, and the rules of this Court, and it appearing to the satisfaction of the Court that they are not inhabitants of this State; on the motion of the plaintiff by his counsel, it is ordered that the said absent defendants do appear here on the third Monday in August next, and answer the plaintiff's Bill, and that a copy of this order be forthwith published in some one of the news papers of this State for 8 weeks successively, and posted up at the front door of the Court house of this county on some court day.
A Copy, Teste, WILL TUNSTALL, C. P. C.
At a Court held for Franklin County, at the Court House, the 6th day of May 1806.
Emack Brower, Plff. } In Chancery AGAINST Charles Crabaugh & Henry Brower Defs.
THE defendants not having entered their appearance and given security according to the act of Assembly, and the rules of this Court, and it appearing to the satisfaction of the Court that they are not inhabitants of this Commonwealth, on the motion of the Plaintiff by his Counsel, it is ordered that the said defendants do appear here on the first Monday in September next, and answer the Plaintiff's bill, and that a Copy of this order be forthwith inserted in some news paper published in this State, for eight weeks successively, and posted up at the front door of the Courthouse of this county.
A Copy—Teste, CALEB TATE, D. C. For JAMES CALAWAY, C. F. C.
At a Quarterly Session continued and held for Amherst County, at the Court house on Wednesday the 21st day of May, 1806
Parsons Bryant, Cpt. } In Chancery AGAINST John M Griffin and James Stevens Jr. Defs.
THE defendant John M Griffin not having entered his appearance and given security according to the act of Assembly, and the rules of this court, and it appearing to the satisfaction of the court that he is not an inhabitant of this country, on the motion of the complainant by his counsel, it is ordered that the said defendant do appear here on the third Monday in September next, and answer the bill of the complainant, and that a Copy of this order be forthwith inserted in the Lynchburg Star for eight weeks successively, and posted up at the front door of the court house of this county on some court day.
A Copy—Teste, W. S. CRAWFORD, C.A.C.C.
FOR SALE,
A Tract of
LAND,
CONTAINING One Hundred and Fifty Acres.
Lying on the main Road leading from Lynchburg to two public Ferries on Stinton river, in the county of Campbell, three miles from the Court house.—This place is considered to be an excellent stand for a Tavern or other public business—The Land lies well, in a pleasant situation, and a considerable quantity of it good for Tobacco. There are eighteen acres cleared last winter and now under a good inclosure.—In case I do not sell privately prior to the first day of August next—on that day I will offer it at Public Sale on the premises—One half Cash will be required, the balance in twelve months—Otherwise I will rent it for the term of Three years, together with two likely NEGROES. ONE a Woman now in the prime of life, an excellent Cook and capable of any other sort of house business—the other a Boy sixteen years of age.—I will give liberty to clear such a quantity of Tobacco ground as shall be agreed on.—I shall shortly have necessary buildings for the convenience of a family, completed on the place.
Those in either case above mentioned, wishing to trade, are requested to apply to the proprietor residing on the premises
FRANCIS MILLER
At a Court of Quarterly Session continued and adjourned and held for Amherst County at the Court house on Thursday the 22nd day of May, 1806
James Penn dec'd. Cpts. } IN AGAINST M'Dowell surviving part of Buchanan and M'Dowell Defs. } Chancery.
THE defendant M'Dowell, not having entered his appearance and given security according to the act of Assembly, and the rules of this Court, and it appearing to the satisfaction of the Court that he is not an inhabitant of this country; on the motion of the complainant by his counsel, it is ordered that the said defendant do appear here on the third Monday in September next, and answer the bill of the complainant, and that a copy of this order be forthwith inserted in the Lynchburg Star for eight weeks successively, and posted up at the front door of the Court house of this County on some court day.
A Copy, Teste, W. S. CRAWFORD, C. A. C. C.
VIRGINIA Sc.
At a Court held for Bedford County at the Court house the 27th day of May, 1806.
Joshua Frazie, Compl. } IN AGAINST John James, William Robertson, and John Gibson, Defs. } Chancery.
THE defendant John James not having entered his appearance and given security according to the act of Assembly, and the rules of this Court, and it appearing to the satisfaction of the Court, that he is not an inhabitant of this country: On the motion of the complainant by his attorney, it is ordered that he appear here on the fourth Monday in August next, and answer the complainant's bill, and that a copy of this order be inserted in some convenient news paper published in this State for two months successively, and posted up at the front door of the Court house of our said county on two successive court days.
A Copy, Teste, J. STEPTOE, jun. D. C. B. C.
At a Court continued and held for Amherst County the 21st day of May 1806
Thomas Johnson, Cpt. } IN AGAINST John Lynch, sen. John Lynch, jr. Asahel Lynch, Charles L. Terrell & Sarah his wife, Samuel Mitchell, sen. Samuel Mitchell, jr. Charles Mitchell, Edward Mitchell, and Charles Lynch, jr. Defs. } Chancery.
THE defendant Charles Lynch, jr. not having entered his appearance and given security according to the act of Assembly, and the rules of this court, and it appearing to the satisfaction of the court that he is not an inhabitant of this Commonwealth, on the motion of the complainant by his counsel, it is ordered, that the said defendant do appear here on the first day of August Term next, and answer the bill of the complainant, and that a Copy of this order be forthwith inserted in the Lynchburg Star, for eight weeks successively, and posted up at the front door of the court house of this county on some court day.
A Copy—Teste, S. GARLAND, D. C. A. C.
IN obedience to a decree of the Court of Amherst County to us directed; on Friday the 8th day of August 1806, at the House of Thompson Noel in New Glasgow, we the subscribers, commissioners therein appointed, will proceed to sell by way of public auction, to the highest bidder, for the best price that can be had in ready money, the lands and premises in said decree mentioned, containing one hundred and sixty seven acres, lying on the waters of Piney river in said County, held at present by the legatees of Geo: Campbell, dec'd, as the representatives of Thomas Crawley.
David S. Garland. } Commrs. Joel Franklin. John B. Rose. James Woods.
Notice,
I S hereby given, that on the 12th day of January in the year of our Lord 1807, will be exposed to public sale on the several premises, in Bedford County, the following Lands, Mills, and Slaves, to wit: one tract of
LAND
about two hundred and twenty-three acres, purchased by Joseph Nicholls from L. Woodward.—Also, one hundred acres of
LAND
lying near the Ivy Mills; conveyed by Jos. Poinexter of said county to Joseph Poinexter by Deed bearing date 23 July, 1803, an also on the same day on the premises, will be exposed to like sale the Ivy Mills and one acre of LAND on which the same are built, in said county, by said Poinexter to said Nicholls by Deed bearing date the day and year last aforesaid, also on the same day at the said Ivy Mills will be exposed to like sale the following Slaves, to wit: CESAR, ISAAC, CLARY, JUDE, MILLY, and RACHEL, the property of Joseph Nicholls, and by him conveyed to the subscriber by Deed bearing date the 23rd day of July, 1803 to secure the payment of sundry bonds executed to said Joseph Poinexter, as the same shall become due and payable and more particularly described in said Deed, or so much of the same as shall be necessary to raise the sum of three hundred pounds, with interest and the costs of sale, &c. The sale to begin at 10 o'clock, at the Ivy Mills, and to continue according to the provisions of said Deed, until so much of said lands and slaves shall be sold as shall amount to the monies aforesaid.
THOMAS WIATT, Trustee. July 10.—1806.
W ILL be exposed to sale before the Tavern door of Thompson Noel in the town of New Glasgow on Saturday the 20th day of August, for ready money, one NEGRO MAN named SQUARE, the property of William Smith of the County of Amherst, in pursuance of a deed of Trust executed to the subscriber by said Smith, for the purpose of securing a debt due James Floyd.
William Armistead, Trustee. June 27, 1806.
VIRGINIA Sc.
At a Court held for Bedford County at the Court house the 26th day of May, 1806.
Matthew Hall, Compl. } IN AGAINST Margaret Hall, widow and relict of John Hall, dec'd, John Hall, William Hall, Hezekiah Hall, Betsy Hall, Sarah Brown, and Tabitha Hall, Benjamin Musgrove, and Kizziah his wife, late Keziah Hall, and Jeff Hall, John Hall and Joel Hall—infant children of Jesse Hall, dec'd, heirs, co-partners and representatives of said John Hall dec'd. Defs. } Chancery.
THE defendants John Hall and William Hall not having entered their appearance, and given security according to the act of Assembly and the rules of this court; and it appearing to the satisfaction of the court that they are not inhabitants of this country: On the motion of the complainant by his counsel, it is ordered, that the said defendants do appear here on the fourth Monday in August next, and answer the bill of the said complainant, and that a copy of this order be forthwith inserted in some one of the news papers published in this Commonwealth for two months successively, and posted up at the front door of the Courthouse on two successive Court days.
A Copy—Teste, JA: STEPTOE, C. B. C.
A LIST
OF
LETTERS,
Remaining in the Post Office at Lynchburg on the 1st day of July, 1806, which if not taken out by the 30th September, will be returned to the General Post Office.
A.
Ann Alexander Austin, Archibald Alexander.
B.
William B. Banks 2, Samuel Burke, J. Wm. Bradley, Elijah Bocock, John Burch, Josye Billo, Elizabeth Baggady, William Burd, G. & C. Barksdale, Nathaniel D. Burke, Wm. Barber.
C.
Mrs. Elizabeth Childers; Living Coops, Rawleigh Chilton; Dudley Callaway, John Callaway, Bentley Camin, George Cooper, Adam Clement, Wrenny Crews, John Clark, C. Clay, John Campbell, John Clayton, John Carter.
D.
Wm. Davis senr. Wm. Davenport, James Davis, Charles Davis, Thomas Dixon 2, William Dickson.
E.
Benjamin Estes, Joel Estes.
F.
Wm. Frith, Samuel Fleming 2, Thomas Franklin, Christopher Fletcher.
G.
John Guy, Margarite Gwatkin, Susannah Gilliland.
H.
Thomas Higginbotham, William Helm, James Helley, Jack D. Harvey, John Helm, Benjamin Hobson, James Hines, William Johnson, Simon Johnson, Inspectors at Martin's Ware-House, Inspectors at Spring W. Houle, Inspectors at Lynch's W. Houle.
K.
Sackville King, Elizabeth King.
L.
John C. Lynch, Edward Lynch, John Lynch.
M.
Robert or James McCaffery, George McLin, Wm Peters Martin, Oliver M'Reynolds, Frances Mill, Benjamin Morris, George M'Allester, Vernon Metcalfe 3, Prudom Moore, Andrew Moorman, Rice & Martin.
N.
William Norvell.
O.
Toliver Owens.
P.
Charles Palmer, Sarah B. M. F. Patrick, Thomas Powell, Edward Price, Samuel Price, Joshua Pierce, William Pennock, John Pointer, Daniel B. Parrow, Cornelius Talle, Ruben Pennington, Samuel Pannell, Joseph Perkins jun. Betsy Presler, Commandant of the 53d Regiment of Militia.
R.
John Rutherford, Ambrose Rucker, Henry Reavis, George Reveley, John Rackett, Ann E. Ramsey, John Richardson, Gideon Rucker.
S.
Samuel Schofield, Benjamin Shackleford, Joseph Shrewsbury, William Strother, Barkdale Snyder, John Stith, Joseph Scott.
T.
John M. Tilford, Edmund Tate, Robert Trower, Charles Terrell, Micajah Terrell jun. John Thompson 3, Elizabeth Tullock, George C. Thompson, Rooneck Taliaferro, John Tate, Thomas Tinsley, Mrs. Walter Uquhart.
W.
Elias Wells, M. Whitesides, E. Watson, John Ward, Benjamin Watts, Thomas West, Jacob White, Hon. Edmund Winton, John Wilson, Benjamin Watkins, Woodson Wren. JOSIAH LEAKE, P. M.
DEED OF TRUST from Henry Millirous to John Ward, bearing date the 20th day of January, 1806. A tract or parcel of LAND lying and being in the county of Bedford on M'Daniel creek, whereon the said Henry Millirous now lives, containing one hundred and fifty acres be the same more or less.
A Copy, Teste, J. STEPTOE, C. B. C.
One Cent Reward,
R AN away from the subscriber the 19th day of May last, an apprentice boy named John Higgans, about thirteen years old, spare made, and light hair, I hereby forwarn all persons from employing or harbouring said boy at their peril.—I will give the above reward to any person who will deliver him to me in Lynchburg, but will pay no charges.
GEORGE SULLIVAN. June 31.—1806.