Kentucky gazette and general advertiser (Lexington [Ky.]), 1803-08-02 00:00:00

KENTUCKY GAZETTE
AND GENERAL ADVERTISER.
[VOL. XVI.—N o . 881.]
BY DANIEL BRADFORD, LEXINGTON.
TUESDAY, AUGUST 2, 1803.
TERMS OF THE GAZETTE.
This paper is published weekly, at two DOLLARS per annum, paid in advance.
Those who write to the Editor, must pay the postage of their letters.
TEN DOLLARS REWARD.
STOLEN from the subscriber, (out of his stable) A SADDLE, almost new, has been used about three months; the maker's name is Seth Creigh, which will be found under the skirt of the saddle. Any person who will give such information as will enable me to prosecute the thief, shall have the above reward, or FIVE DOLLARS for the Saddle only.
JOHN A. SEITZ.
Lexington, 21st Dec. 1803.
In all probability the Saddle will be offered for sale in this neighborhood.
THE Co-partnership of JOHN JORDAN Jun. & Co. having this day expired—All those indebted to said firm either by bond, note or book account, are requested to make immediate payment to John Jordan Jun. or Andrew F. Price, or steps will be taken to compel the same.
JOHN JORDAN Jun. & Co.
N. B. The business in future will be done by JOHN JORDAN Jun. who has a
Large and General Assortment of MERCHANDIZE,
which he is determined to dispose of on the most reasonable terms for Cash, Hemp, Country Linen, or approved produce.—No Credit.
Lexington, K. Nov. 20th, 1802.
To Lease, A VALUABLE FARM,
LYING in Mercer county on Salt river, about one mile and half above Maj. Buchanan's mill, on the road leading from Frankfort to Harrodsburgh with about 100 acres of Cleared Land, a good Dwelling House and other Convenient Buildings, a large apple and Peach Orchard, Meadow and Pasture; the whole in good repair.
James Maccoun.
Lexington, March 14, 1803.
FOR SALE,
The following Tracts of LAND,
CONVEYED by John Fowler esq. to Cuth. Banks and I. Bodley, by deed of trust, dated the 16th day of December 1800, to wit: 2800 acres in Montgomery county, Flat creek, between Small-Mountain creek and the upper Salt Spring, entered in the name of Crump and Patterson—also, 1700 acres in Campbell county, part of a survey in the name of Jacob Rubsammon, including Fowler's lick—also, 1000 acres in said county, on Bank-lick, being part of a tract of 4000 acres in the name of William Jones. Which said tracts of land, or either, or part of them, will be sold at private sale, for the purpose of satisfying and discharging the trusts mentioned in said deed. The terms may be known by applying to the subscribers in Lexington.
Cuth. Banks,
Thos. Bodley.
March 14th, 1803.
STRAYED
FROM my farm about ten days ago, a small SORREL FILLEY, three years old this spring, about 13 hands high, short docked and the hair of the tail eat by cattle.—Also a dark bay two year old FILLEY, rather tall than the forrest, no brand or flesh mark on either recollect. A reasonable reward will be given to have them sent home, or notice given where they are to be found.
ROBERT BARR.
Fayette. May 27, 1803.
FOR SALE
AT THIS OFFICE, Replevin Bonds, Blank Notes, Sheriff's Bonds, Contable's blanks, Blank Deeds, &c. &c.
CHEAP GOODS
FOR CASH IN HAND.
SEITZ & JOHNSON
HAVE RECEIVED
Drab, } Superfine Cloths, Brown, } Blue, } Mixed, } White, } Cashmere. Blue, } Drab, }
Counterpanes, Furniture Dimity, Fancycord, Extra Silk Gloves, 3 1-2, 4, 4 1-2 & 5 lb. Pins, Corking do.
Apron Check, Girth Webb, Beaver Gloves, Polt Paper, Silk Binding, Fringe, Cotton Socks and Stockings, Ink Powder, Sewing Silk, Coat Moles, Nuns' Thread, Clouts and Tacks, Fist Hooks, Thimbles, Awl Blades, Handaw Files, Stoughton's Bitters, Smelling Bottles, Knitting Pins, Gun Flints, Tumblers, Salt Cellars, Large White Plates, Blue and Green do. Cups and Saucers, Bowls, Mugs, and Pitchers, Wine Glasses, Card of elegant Pen Knives, Ladies' Elastic Garters, Satin Shoes, An elegant assortment of Neck-lace, A few set of Cast Weights. IN ADDITION TO THE ABOVE
A very extensive and well chosen Cargo of
DRY GOODS,
GROCERIES
HARD,
GLASS,
QUEEN'S & } Wares.
CHINA
IRON MONGERY,
CUTLERY.
SADDLERY, &c.
Is expected to arrive in all next month.
Lexington, 31st May, 1803.
A large quantity of SALT
PETRE wanted, enquire as above.
FLAX & HEMP SEED.
JOHN & WILLIAM BOBB,
WILL purchase a quantity of FLAX
and HEMP SEED, delivered at their
Oil Mill near Lexington; for which
the customary prices will be given
in Cash and Merchandize.
BLUE DYING.
THE SUBSCRIBER,
WISHES to inform the public,
that he continues to carry on the
BLUE DYING, on Main Cross
Street, between Mr. Adam Weber's
and Mr. Myers's, where he will dye
Cotton, Linen and Wool, with a
warm dye—Cotton deepest blue, at
4/6 per pound—Wool at 1/6 per
pound, which he will warrant to be
equal to any dye in the town of Lex-
ington.
JACOB BOSCHART.
Lexington. June 25, 1803. *3stf
BOOK BINDING.
HAVING employed a Book-
BINDER, who has been regularly
employed in the business in Philadelphia
by orders for RECORD, AC-
COUNT, or any other BLANK
BOOKS, will be thankfully received
and punctually executed. I have
on hand, and shall constantly keep, a
supply of BLANK BOOKS. Old
books re-bound in the neatest and
best manner.
DANL. BRADFORD.
Gazette Office, } Lexington. }
MAPS
OF THE
UNITED STATES,
For Sale at this Office.
BOURBON CIRCUIT.
May Term, 1803.
John Todd, Complainant,
Against
John Edwards, Defendant.
IN CHANCERY.
THE defendant not having entered his appearance herein agreeably to the act of assembly, and rules of his court, and it appearing to the satisfaction of the court that he is not an inhabitant of this commonwealth, on motion of complainant by his counsel, it is ordered that the said defendant do appear here on the 3d day of the next November term, and answer the complainant's bill, that a copy of this order be inserted in some one of the Gazettes of this state for eight weeks successively, another copy posted at the door of the court-house, and at the front door of the Presbyterian meeting-house in Paris, some Sunday immediately after divine service.
A copy,
THO. ARNOLD, Clk.
State of Kentucky, Fayette Circuit Court.
June Term, 1803.
Thomas Bodley, complainant,
Against
Samuel Byers, and the children of John
Byers, heirs and legatees of Joseph By-
ers, dec. and John Parker and Robert
Todd, executors, Elizabeth Parker, wid-
ow, Mary Parker, James Parker, Eli-
za Parker, Robert Parker, John Todd
Parker, and Andrew William Porter
Parker, heirs and legatees of Robert
Parker, dec. (All of said heirs being in
lands under the age of 21 years, by
Archd. W. Tatham, their guardian, and
John M. Powell, John M. Powell,
Robert McGowan, Henry Marshall and
Robert Patterson, trustees for the Lex-
ington Presbyterian Congregation.
IN CHANCERY.
THE defendants Samuel Byers and the children
of John Byers having failed to enter their
appearance herein agreeable to law & the rules
of this court, and it appearing to our satisfac-
tion that they are not inhabitants of this com-
monwealth, on the motion of the complainant
by his counsel, it is ordered that the said de-
endants do appear here on the third day of
our next September term, and answer the
complainant's bill, that a copy of this order
be inserted in the Kentucky Gazette or He-
rald according to law, another posted at the
door of the court house for Fayette county,
and that a copy of this order be published on
some Sunday immediately after divine service,
at the door of the Presbyterian meeting-house
in Lexington.
A Copy, Teste
THOS. BODLEY, C. F. C. C.
The Matchless History of
JOSEPH & HIS BROTHEREN,
for sale at this office.
Price 6d.
NICHOLAS BRIGHT
BOOT & SHOE
MANUFACTURER.
RETURNS his thanks to his cus-
tomers for their past favors, and
hopes by his attention to business to
merit them in future. He begs leave
to inform the public in general that
he continues to carry on the above
business next door to Mr. Boggs's,
opposite Capt. Marshall's tavern,
Main Street. He has just received
from Philadelphia, a quantity of first
qualified imported Boot Legs and
English Ben Soles. Any gentleman
may be furnished with Boots or
Shoes, done in the neatest and best
manner, and on the shortest notice,
by applying as above.
Lexington, July 8, 1803.
NOTICE.
I SHALL attend with the com-
missioners appointed by the county
court of Montgomery, at my house,
on the Sycamore fork of Slate creek,
on the eighth day of August next,
being the second Monday in said
month, in order to perpetuate testi-
mony and establish the special calls
to two entries made in the name of
William Shannon, to wit: "May
29th, 1780—Wm. Shannon assign-
ees five hundred and sixty acres
upon a treasury warrant, on a branch
emptying into the Blue Lick fork,
on the South side, about twelve miles
from said lick, including a cabin
built by Samuel Tumbleton." Also
PROPOSALS
By Jacob E. Lehre,
FOR PUBLISHING BY SUBSCRIPTION,
AN APPEAL
To all that doubt or disbelieve the
Truths of the Gospel,
whether they be
Deists, Arians, Socinians, or Nomi-
nal Christians.
In which
The true Grounds and Reasons of the
whole Christian Faith and Life,
are plainly and fully de-
monstrated.
By ***** A. M.
The Third Edition.
THE Editor has declined giving
the Author's name, for the same
reason as that given by John Payne,
who, speaking of our Author in the
Preface of a Book he had translated
from the Latin, says—
"As the fittest key to unlock the
treasures of this heavenly Book,
and lay them open to common use,
it may be necessary to shew, in gene-
ral, the Ground and Nature of
CHRISTIAN REDEMPTION; and it
can scarcely be done with more pow-
er of conviction, than in the follow-
ing extracts, from the writings of a
great divine, whose name is not
mentioned, because names have been
known to endure error, and to keep
the eyes shut, from the light of
truth."
CONDITIONS.
I. THE work will contain upwards
of 100 pages, large Duodecimo;
printed on a Type of which this
is a specimen, and on good pa-
per.
II. The price to subscribers will be
Fifty Cents, each copy—One moi-
ety at the time of subscribing, and
the remainder on the delivery of
the work.
III. It shall be put to Press as soon
as 250 Copies are subscribed for,
and finished without delay.
IV. Subscribers' names shall be ad-
ded as Patrons of the work.
BY virtue of a decree of the Cir-
cuit Court of Fayette county, made
at their last June term, in a suit
wherein Innis B. Brent and Thomas
Love are complainants, and Wilson
Hunt and others are defendants—
will be sold for ready money, at Pot-
terthwait's tavern, in Lexington, on
the third day of August next,
Two UNIMPROVED IN LOTS,

MEMORIAL,
ON THIS QUESTION, WHETHER IT BE ADVANTAGEOUS FOR FRANCE TO TAKE POSSESSION OF LOUISIANA?
Presented to the French Government by Mr. Livingston, the American Minister at Paris.
This question presents itself in two points of view:—First, in the relation of commerce and manufactures: Secondly, in those of the political or the relative force of France.
Colonies do not excite interest for their own sake, but only as respects the influence they may have on a nation; and as one man alone is more useful by remaining at home, than two by removing at a distance, a wise nation does not seek to colonize, until she has a superabundance of population, which she cannot usefully employ in any other way.
Though very considerable, the population of France is very far from having reached the term which renders colonies necessary: Her soil, climate, and local situation give her, as a commercial, and especially as a manufacturing nation, great advantages over all the nations of Europe. The spirit of invention, the taste and industry of its inhabitants, place her in the first rank. But those advantages are wonderfully abridged by the want of capitals sufficient to make use of them. A rival nation, greatly inferior in every one of these particulars, has, by the effect alone of an immense capital obtained the superiority, not only in commerce, but also in manufactures: and these advantages, by increasing the national fortune, furnish it with the means of maintaining that very superiority.
Capitals increase the number of manufactures, by the introduction of machines, by the regular payment of workmen, by the reduction of the interest of money, and especially by the possession of new markets. None but rich individuals can undertake those slow and expensive speculations, which often give the superiority to a manufacture. A poor merchant cannot undertake long voyages, returns from which are slow; they are reserved for the wealthy, who can give credits long enough to tempt foreign nations to give his articles the preference over those of other nations, which expect a quick return for their's. The want of capitals in France, is such, that no manufacturer has at his command a quantity of articles sufficient to answer the demands; and consequently no foreigner can be sure to obtain from his French correspondent wherewith to make his returns without retarding his vessel in port, or at least, without being obliged to take a considerable quantity of articles of inferior quality, picked up in a number of different manufactures; so that if he commits any fraud, no one can be charged with it. This renders the character of a manufacture of very little importance in the eyes of a French workman.
Hence when a foreign vessel, especially if owned at a great distance, sells her cargo in France, she is ordered to take nothing but wines or brandies, because they are the only articles which the owner is sure to procure in sufficient quantities, in the fixed time.
In England, on the contrary, he will find all sorts of goods, in one hour, from one manufacture, the reputation of which would suffer, if the whole supply were not of the same quality with the sample. This consideration will ever induce a foreigner to apply to an English, in preference to a French merchant, for a purchase of goods of the same kind. Hence cargoes are sold in France, and the proceeds carried to England, there to be sold for articles which France might supply if her manufactures were rich enough to answer every demand, in a short time, without compelling the purchaser to have recourse to a great number of manufactures.
This inconvenience can only be removed by increasing the capitals of manufacturers. It would be too great a deviation from my subject, to point out the means of obtaining those capitals; but it is evident, that they must be considerably lessened by the forming of a navy, at the expense of manufactures, or by using the capitals of the nation in distant countries. It is beyond doubt, that capitals open new channels; for nothing is more natural for merchants whose capital is small, than to content themselves with acting the part of brokers or commission-merchants, to those who can supply them with goods on credit; and for this very reason England lost nothing by the independence of America. Her immense capitals have created a monied dependence, which, in a commercial relation, replaced the supremacy she had lost in the government. The increase of capital in America, frees it in some degree from that dependency, and by furnishing her with the means of extending her commerce, and even to offer capitals to other nations, which know how to calculate the value of the markets which she offers to manufactures and to the luxury of Europe.
It will be readily granted that colonies beyond the seas add nothing to the force of a nation; there are, on the contrary, weak points, which are guarded at a very great expense, both in men and money; especially if they be in hot and unhealthy climates.
The question, therefore, is reduced to this—Has France a superfluity of men
and money great enough to justify the settling of a new colony?
Those which France already possesses in the West-Indies and at Cayenne, are more than sufficient for her wants, and even the wants of all Europe, if they were cultivated so as to produce all they are capable of. But how are they to be cultivated? Experience has proved that the inhabitants of hot climates never work from want: Force alone can supply the two great spurs to labor in Northern climates, hunger and cold, which nature has placed in those severe climates. Hence slavery alone can fertilize those colonies, and slaves cannot be procured but at a great expense.
The Spanish part of Hispaniola was almost uncultivated for want of slaves. It is now possessed by France; and to render it of advantage, it will be necessary to lay out immense capitals in slaves, in buildings, and in improvements of uncultivated lands. Others will be necessary to make up for the losses of the French part of that, not to mention the other islands. Where are those capitals to be found?—Men who travel into distant and unhealthy climates are seldom wealthy. Those riches must therefore be found in France, or in some other country that has a superfluity of capital. If they are found in France, it can only be, to a certain degree, at the expense of internal manufactures. It may, however, appear advantageous, in a national point of view, to encourage the use of the riches of France for that object; considering the extreme fertility of the French West-Indies, and their present situation of culture, those funds will soon yield a profit. But as long as money will command so high an interest; so long as the interior of the republic shall offer monied men a source of speculations, and property shall lie in so few hands, it will be difficult to induce the majority of them to dispense themselves of this capital to find it at a distance, and run the risk of the integrity of their agents, and all those whom recent examples have taught them to dread.
Foreign coin was formerly introduced into France through the United Provinces: But the present state of the Batavian colonies, and the losses they have sustained by the war, leave but little hope, that much may be used in the restoring of the French colonies.
The United States possess considerable capitals in money, and productions necessary to the restoration of the islands. No great credit, in money, will probably be given to the planters; but with suitable encouragements, there is no doubt they will be able to obtain those productions which must, were it not for that circumstance, be paid for in cash, and the commercial speculations of the United States will extend to the French islands, when the public and private credit of France shall have been restored, and when experience shall have convinced the people how unwise it is to establish a revenue upon foreign trade, while it is in fact collected from their own citizens. At Hispaniola, a duty of 20 per cent. is paid upon articles introduced by strangers. This duty is in fact paid by strangers, and it happens that fraud, and the bad administration of custom-houses, is, as usual, a source of vexation for foreign merchants. But it is the planter who furnishes the money, for this tax is always added to the price, and even an interest is advanced upon it as a compensation for the vexation which the captains experience in their commerce. What then is the effect of that operation, if not to take from the planter one-fourth part of the money which he had so much difficulty to get from France? Or otherwise to stop, by that means, partly the re-establishment of the capitals which alone can render the islands finally productive? I say finally, for it is folly to believe that they will yield to France a compensation for her actual out-sets, unless it be after a great many years. I will even say, that unless the ports of Hispaniola are open to every vessel loaded with articles of necessity, unless the inhabitants have the right of buying cheap and selling dear, by encouraging the rivalry between the sellers and purchasers, unless every sort of vexation is removed, and strangers receive every possible security for their capitals in the islands, ages will pass away before Hispaniola will cease draining France of its riches and strength without offering her any equivalent return.
It is therefore, evident, that if France had no other possession beyond the seas, except her islands, it might easily employ all the capital of which she now can, and probably hereafter will be able to dispose in a long series of years. But if to all this, we add the immense possessions in Guyana, her productions, and the capitals necessary to carry the whole of it to its full value; if we add the settlements necessary to be made in India, if the design be to bring into the ports of France that variety of articles which invite exchanges, and give commerce its due activity, we shall find that one century at least will pass away before France may want possessions of that kind.
But as France has, like other countries, but a confined capital, the only question is, where shall this capital be placed? shall it be here? in the West-Indies? at Cayenne? in India? or at Louisiana? For it is obvious that what will be placed in one of those settlements will be at the expense of another; it is equally so that the national
expenditures will increase with her colonies; and that in case of war, the points of attack & defence will be multiplied in the same ratio.
Able statesmen have questioned whether colonies were useful to a country situated like France; but my design is not to examine this theory. France has colonies; she has invited her citizens to go and carry their riches to them; honour requires that she keep and protect them; but she is under no obligation to create new ones; to multiply points of defence; to squander away the capitals she wants at home and abroad. How could the possession of Louisiana be useful to her? In the first place, its cultivation is to be carried on, as in all warm countries, by slaves;—the capitals spent in buying them, or the slaves themselves, would have been carried to the islands, if this new channel had not opened. This rivalry will raise the price of slaves for the planters, and may thus much retard the settlement.
On their arrival at Louisiana, the slaves will be employed in the bare occupation of felling the large forests, with which this immense country is covered, a labour but little suited to slaves, for it requires being long accustomed to the axe; and force and activity are seldom found in slaves. They must be clothed, fed and maintained during whole years before any profit can be derived from them. What I am about to relate, may serve to determine that period. In the Northern and middle states of America, the usual term of a quarter lease in the new lands is ten years free from rent, and after this the lease pays 12 bushels of wheat for every hundred acres forever. It is, therefore, obvious, that the first ten years are considered as a time of expense, during which term the owner requires no payment.—But in the Southern states, new lands cannot even be given out on those terms, because the white planter sets a higher value on his labour, and the clearing of forests requires too great outlets for any one but the owner of the land.
Who then will cultivate Louisiana with slaves? Who is the citizen willing to bestow large capitals upon so precarious a property with the prospect of a distant return?
It may be asked, why does it not happen in the Southern states? It is answered, first, because none are Southern enough to be wholly free from the colds of winter, which renders savage life very difficult to men, born in hot climates—and secondly, because the Southern states, are mostly surrounded by the sea, and by mountains, the whole population of which is white, and which cut off the communication between the slaves and the vast forests of the interior parts.
But let us suppose all these difficulties overcome, what commercial advantages can France derive from the settlement of this colony? The productions of Louisiana being the same with those of the West-Indies, no advantage is to be reaped, for the islands, being well cultivated, will suffice for the wants of France, and even all Europe. The introduction of those from Louisiana, would only lessen the price without adding any thing to the value, and France would be obliged to prevent the ruin of those who had employed their funds in the colonies, to imitate the Dutch, who destroyed their spices and teas, when the quantity of these commodities in Europe is large enough to cause a depreciation of their value.
The productions of Louisiana, which do not grow in the West-Indies, are only lumber, and perhaps rice; but it is certain that those productions, considering the difficulties of procuring them in a hot and unhealthy climate, will not cover the outlets, or at least, will not yield the same profits, as would be procured by raising them in the islands, in procuring the same or other and more valuable articles.
The proof of this is found in the United States. It is not from Georgia nor South Carolina, that the West-Indies are supplied with lumber, but chiefly from the Northern states, where forests are more scarce and more valuable than in the South. The cause of this is, that the supplying of lumber, the mills necessary to prepare them for sale, all these are the work of free hands, which are furnished with a moderate price.
I shall presume further to lay down, however paradoxical it may seem, that it is not advantageous for France to supply herself with lumber, even if she could procure it from Louisiana. I have two reasons to offer.—What lumber the Northern states supply her colonies with is paid for in molasses and some rum. The first article costs the planter nothing, for, were it not for that, this would be an useless production of his fugan, & the second is but a very moderate expense for distillation. If it were not consumed in America, molasses would be thrown away as useless, and this was the case when America was a British colony, because French commerce does not offer any other market for that commodity.
It may, therefore, be said that the colonies have from the United States, lumber for nothing. Should, on the contrary, a settlement be formed in Louisiana for the supplying of that article, every expense and out of that establishment, all the labour necessary to cut, saw, and transport it to the place where it is to be sold, would be a real loss to the nation, even admitting that the cutters and other men employed, should take, as payment, molasses and
rum; because their labour would produce nothing to the nation.
But it is certain that Louisiana could not furnish a market for molasses or rum. It is only in New England (Northern states) that those articles are consumed. The inhabitants of the South prefer ardent spirits distilled from grain, apples, and peaches, to those distilled from molasses.
On the supposition, therefore, that the planters supply themselves with lumber in a French colony, exclusively at Louisiana, they would be forced to pay for it in money or objects of real value. If the right of supply is not exclusive, it is null, because the labourer of a Southern climate cannot work as cheap as the robust son of the North.
It might be thought that molasses would still find a market in New England, though it were no longer the price of lumber.—It would be an error. They have no other reason to take it, than its being offered them in exchange for an article for which they have few other markets. Let the colonies refuse lumber, from the North, spirits from grain, apples, &c. will immediately be substituted to those from sugar, because the price of rum would immediately be higher. Then it will be that every sort of commerce between them and the colonies will cease, unless it be for provisions, which they will necessarily require to be paid for in money, or in what will pass in foreign markets, for money.
The second reason why France ought not to get her lumber from Louisiana, even though she might do it, is, that in case of war, supposing England should preserve her naval superiority, no such calculations could be made upon receiving provisions; and they could not be supplied from the United States, for that commerce, having been abandoned since the peace, those whom it then employed have sought other objects of industry; and saw-mills, erected to prepare that lumber, are out of use, and will not easily be set up again, at the renewal of hostilities, so that the misfortunes which are the consequence of it, would be doubly distressing to the colonies.
It is, therefore, very evident the colonizing of Louisiana would, in a commercial point of view, be very injurious to France, because it would employ capitals which would be more usefully employed in the other colonies; because those capitals would lie dormant for several years, and because admitting they should become productive for individuals, they would add nothing to the national mass, and would have no other effect than to lower the price of colonial produce, and lessen the profits of their labor.
It might however be thought, that the possession of Louisiana would afford one more market to French manufactures, and thus compensate the expense of the nation for its settlement. This question deserves a particular examination, and the provisioning or the consumption of French manufactures may relate either to the free or bond population.
If it be the free class that is to be mustered by emigrants from France, it will be composed of that portion of the people, which not only could support themselves in France, but, besides, increase the national riches by their industry. For France is not overburthened by her population, and consequently every emigration will form a vacuum somewhere, or abandon some useful branch which will no longer be carried on. The emigrant carries away with him a portion of the general good, in the mass of the productive labor of the mother country; he also carries away with him a portion of the capital, for he never goes with empty hands, and as he has already observed, ten years must pass away before his settlement produces beyond his first necessities. He must, at the same time, live with the strictest economy, for having nothing to offer in exchange, he receives scarcely any thing from the mother country, and the nature of the southerly climates requires very few of the articles necessary in Europe. It is, therefore, beyond all doubt, that as to the present emigrant, the few articles furnished him by French manufactures will not cover the loss which the nation will sustain of his own labor; besides, he will consume much less in America than he would in France, and besides his labor, the manufacturer, who supplied his wants in both countries, will be a loser by his emigration.
Black population will still less contribute to the support of French manufactures, because their consumption in articles of dress is very small; and even in South Carolina it does not amount to more than forty livres a year for each negro. At Louisiana, where the winter is still less severe, it will be reduced in proportion; it will consist in cotton, principally worked in the country, and still more smuggled from the United States. But if the whole were brought from France, after deducting the raw materials which must be purchased, the whole profit of the French manufacturer will not amount, to more than thirty livres for each negro, every year. Now, as each slave will cost the nation 4000 livres, and as this capital would have produced in France, at least 10 per cent. in every other commerce or manufacture, the difference between 100 livres French produce, and 30 livres, produce of the Louisiana clothing, gives the real loss to be sustained by France in the first ten years, during which they can only, as I have said before, supply their first wants,
if so much; and as a certain number must die by the change of climate, and a number will run away, the real loss of France on every slave imported and employed in Louisiana must be 100 livres every year.
But if we add to this the profit which this very slave could have furnished, if transported to the islands, (and it is certain that all the slaves carried to Louisiana are so many hands taken from the islands) we shall find that the actual loss of the nation, in the interruption of labor, will amount to upwards of 600 livres per annum: so that the first loss for the nation, in the introduction of 1000 slaves to Louisiana, will be 600,000 livres. It is true, that if peace continue, and if, in opposition to expectation, the colony should prosper, the rich planters will make a great consumption of French goods, but that of the slaves will ever be very small, or their labor without profit, because, as I have already observed, being employed to cultivate articles which the islands can more easily supply for every demand, and the sale of which is confined, by increasing the quantity, they will only lessen the prices of those commodities which it is essential for France to keep high, because she possesses the most fertile islands. I know there is an opinion entertained by many, viz. That French goods, in their way to the Mississippi, will find a market in the western part of the United States. The most complete ignorance of the navigation of that river could alone have given rise to such an opinion, which is likewise grounded on the ignorance of the wants of the inhabitants. It is certain that the wines of France are not fit for climates as hot as those they must cross before they arrive in the western states; that they are still less suited to the means and taste of the inhabitants, who are more accustomed to their own liquors such as cider, beer, whiskey, and peach-brandy, the latter, with time, becomes superior to the best French brandy; so that instead of receiving those articles through Louisiana, they might themselves supply the colony with them. As to the articles of glass and earthen ware, they are made in every part of the western states, where the raw materials are every where found. The demands for China-ware are final, but if they were large, French ware is too dear to hurt the sale of China.
Large iron works are also wrought on the spot, and English hard ware has so well known a superiority over the French, that the latter would certainly remain unsold if both were exposed at market. The only articles which might perhaps be introduced into the country, would be silks, cambricks, & a few other articles of luxury. But even all these can never pass through the river Mississippi, the dangerous navigation of the Gulph, the long and expensive distance to go against the current, the large capitals of the English and American merchants at Philadelphia, and the great improvements which are made every day in the roads and inland navigation, will cause land carriage to be preferred as far as the Ohio and other rivers, whence they are carried to the settlements, easily and cheaply. It is a well known fact, that dry goods have been carried from Philadelphia to New-Orleans by land, by that route in preference to sea-carriage. It is, therefore, visionary to believe that goods from France will be carried that way; whilst the enterprising English, who have the right of navigating that river, and the prejudice of the Americans in favour of their manufactures, never attempted to introduce their goods that way because they well know that they are more easily brought by Philadelphia and Baltimore. But should France be desirous of introducing, that way, more bulky articles into the western states, and accustom the inhabitants to their wines and manufactures, it could only be by putting New Orleans into their hands, with the reserve, that it shall ever be a free port for French vessels and goods, without being subjected to any other duties than those paid by the Americans.—By this means the American merchants, settled at New-Orleans, may be interested in their commerce; instead of going to England, their capitals will go to France; the latter; the latter will have all the advantages of a colony without the expense of supporting it, and the money, which American activity obtained from the Spaniards, would go to France; for England, which has not the same means and which pays higher duties, could not supply those goods at so low a rate.
But should France, on the other hand resolve to keep the island, a great proportion of the capitals of the commerce of New Orleans, which are especially in the hands of the English and Americans, will naturally take the course which the United States shall fix, and that must be a rival place of commerce with New Orleans, which being rid of the vexatious consequent upon a military government, at a distance from the sovereign, will draw in spite of all the disadvantages of its situation, the whole commerce of which the other is at this day the centre.
The boundaries established between Spain and the United States, and very lately between the English and Spanish possessions, have deprived the inhabitants of Louisiana of their share of the Fur trade, which it must be confessed was not, nor could ever be, very important, as the peltry of the south are of but little value, the few skins are of no importance to commerce, as may be seen in the tables of importation of New Orleans. Goods are ever to be transported from the Mississippi in the United States, that way.
In these considerations I have kept no account of the pains, expenses and loss of men, which are inseparable from new settlements in a marshy country, and a burning climate; the invasion of Indians; the insurrection of slaves; the insubordination of the troops; the abuses committed by officers, remote from

the sovereign's vigilant eye. All these inconveniences united, or only a few of them, are enough to stop an undertaking and ruin a settlement. A very important observation, however, to be made, and that is of some weight. Many of those who will carry their families to Louisiana, observing that the land is as cheap on the American side, will prefer settling there, even in time of peace! Some, because they will prefer the government of that country, others by caprice, others through spite, or to rid themselves from a military government, such as that of Louisiana must necessarily be. That with much be general in case of a war between France and England, for admitting that the latter maintains her naval superiority (as I have already proved in another place she must, unless France changes her commercial system in order to establish it upon more liberal principles,) the mouth of the Mississippi will be blocked up, and the planters in the French colonies will be reduced to the greatest distress, while those of the United States, will derive from the war the greatest benefit.
Then it will be, that a great part of the capitals brought from France to Louisiana, will pass into the United States, where are found farms, already cleared, for one half of what it would have cost a French planter to clear his; because an American, familiarized from his infancy to the use of the axe, has acquired a dexterity and a muscular strength which are never obtained by a man used to other bulwarks.
The experience of the past is wholly in support of these observations. Though for one century, Louisiana has never prospered under either the French or Spanish government. And one half of the commerce of New Orleans is now carried on with American capitals, under the guarantee of their treaty with Spain. As soon as the French will plant a rival colony, that commerce will be carried on in any other place in the United States, which the policy of the government may judge proper to encourage.
If the settlement of Louisiana is not advantageous to France in a commercial view, because it diverts capitals from a much more important channel, it is still more contrary to her interests in a political point of view. America is of the utmost importance to France, whether considered as a commercial or maritime power. I have explained my opinion fully in this first relation, on another occasion; as to the other, there is no question that an agricultural nation, which, by her industry, and her raw materials, is able to procure all the superfluous luxuries of Europe, and whose habits and occupations prevent them from manufacturing for themselves, there can be no question that such a nation must afford a very important market to the inhabitants of the old world.
In this view, the commerce of the united states, is considered as very profitable to England, but when French manufacturers shall have obtained all the improvement of which they are capable; when commerce shall be established upon a suitable basis, it will present a much greater variety of articles upon which to support itself than the commerce of England. Woolen articles and hard ware are the only articles which America receives from England; but France shall furnish not only these articles, but her agriculture will gain by the sale of her wines, her brandies, and her oils. Those advantages, added to the relative situation of France and the united states, which removes every suspicion of rivalry between them, both by sea and land, have exhibited France as the naturally ally of the united states, to the eye of those who have considered, in the extent of her power, a new pledge of the security of their commerce and their future tranquility. They have done homage to the wisdom of those statesmen who, at the conclusion of an advantageous war, have thought that France would gain more by securing the solid friendship of the united states, than by acquiring a territory which would be for them an object of jealousy, and might again force them under the domination of a people whose yoke they had just stilled them to shake off.
I am not ignorant how delicate it is to forestall political misfortunes, which might result to France and the united states, from the possession of Louisiana and the Floridas by the former. I must either conceal that which truth would have me say, or on the other hand, frighten certain querulous minds, who may fancy they see a threat in my frankness. Nevertheless, a citizen of one of the two nations, and strongly attached to the other, I hope that those to whom this memorial may be delivered will be able to let a just value on the motives of my conduct, and will see in it, nothing but my exertions to remove every subject of dispute between two people formed to assist one another; and although I am too well acquainted with the resources of my own country, to dread the power of any of the European nations, it will easily be seen, that I am incapable of conceiving the ridiculous idea of threatening a government which has been Europe bent the knee before its power.
I have observed, that France and the united states are, in a respective situation, so fortunate as to have no point of collision. They may assist, without being tempted to hurt one another in any manner. This commerce is useful to both nations; this union of sentiments and interests rests upon principles which ought to form the maritime code, and deliver the universe from the tyranny founded by Great-Britain, which she maintains, and which never will be combated with success, until the other powers, by uniting, will abridge her means, by transferring to nations more moderate a part of her commerce; and as there are no nations on the globe whose consumption offers to foreign manufactures resources as vast as those offered by the united states, if we consider with what rapidity this consumption increases, the means which America has of creating a navy when her political situation shall render it necessary, we shall be obliged to own that France must have very strong motives and very powerful, to induce her powerful, to induce her to abandon these advantages, and change a natural ally, from a warm friend into a suspicious and jealous neighbour, and perhaps hereafter into a declared enemy.
Experience has proved, that two nations could not be neighbours, without being rivals; and if this be true of two neighbouring nations, it may be said with still more truth of a colony formed by a great and powerful nation, removed from the metropolis, and of a people bordering on the territory of the other. The reason of this is plausible; where two nations are neighbours every thing pales under the inspection of the sovereign; the quarrels are as soon extinguished as kindled; but when the governor of a colony, calculating upon the protection of the metropolis, is guilty of an act of hostility, the wound gets gangrened before a physician can be called. The offended sovereign, who also thinks that the offender will be so much the more strongly supported, as his nation is more powerful, tries every means, in order to anticipate on the hostilities, which he dreads, uses reprisals, and both nations are at war before any explanation has taken place.
If there be a situation in the world which may be attended with these consequences, it certainly is that of France, when she is in possession of New-Orleans. It is situated in such a manner as to block up the great passage towards the sea, from a great number of states, and a very extensive population which increas- rapidly.
A military government is about to be established on the island. The general, proud with the glory of his nation, will cast on every thing that surrounds him a look of superiority; commerce will be degraded; and merchants, subjected to the deposition of men who will seek in the laying up of riches, a recompence for their privations in the remote and insalubrious country, whither they are sent. The colony prevents lawful means of growing rich, except those (flow and progressive) of commerce and agriculture—ill suited the means for soldiers. However vigilant the mother country, she will not prevent at that distance, the vexations which may be exercised. On the other hand, the government of the united states will not be able, in a thousand instances, to restrain the petulance of the near inhabitants bordering on the limits of the Mississippi; to confine their vengeance wholly, and compel them to expect from diplomatic representation, slow justice. Hatred will take place between the two people; the bonds of friendship will be destroyed, and the government of the united states, which ever share the sentiments of the people, will be forced, by its situation, to alter its political relations. Then, for the sake of guarding themselves against their old ally, for a pretended act of hostility, they will form a cautionary connection with England, which will be sedulous in obtaining her alliance, and will excite her resentment against France; because in that alliance she will see the means of preserving her commerce with America, which she now possesses almost exclusively; securing her colonies, to be able, in case of war, to invade the French colonies, and especially of preventing the union of the commerce and navy of France and the united states, upon which alone France can engrave her naval superiority.
It may be asked, why those jealousies which I seem so much to dread for France, have not taken place for England in possession of Canada? First, because Great Britain has prudently separated her territory by a natural limit which prevents the contact of the two nations. While she occupied the western posts, the united states saw her with jealousy, and it is beyond doubt that hostilities and a national hatred would have been the consequence when the increase of American population in that part had taken place; when those forts were given up, numerous symptoms had already manifested themselves.
Secondly, because the usual road of the exports from the united states, being made, through their own rivers, there is no important communication between them and Canada. But it is chiefly because Upper Canada is inhabited by American emigrants, who in case of a rupture, would join, according to all appearances, to the united states, had not the spirit of their government been to prevent the extending of their limits.
But, after all, what political or commercial advantage can France receive from the possession of New Orleans, and of the East bank of the Mississippi, that may balance the loss, which in those two points of view, she will sustain in the rivalry with the united states? The Floridas are a narrow strip of barren land, incapable of defence in case of a rupture, and which will cost more than its worth to guard, garrison, and the presents to the Indian tribes. However advantageous New Orleans might be for the united states, it will be of very inconsiderable value for France, when the foreign capitals shall be taken from it, or a rival city, shall be established on the American side. From the best information, I find that one third of the best commercial houses employed in New Orleans, are American. No sooner will a military government be established in the country, than all these commercial houses, with the capitals which support them, will pass into the united states, to that place assigned them by the treaty with Spain, or to the Natches, where every vessel which may come to New Orleans may be received. Large vessels, from France, have already arrived there, and unloaded their cargoes without difficulty, and as the soil is so much the more advantageous as we penetrate further, there is very little doubt this establishment will soon rival that of New Orleans, when the American capitals shall have been taken out of it. When the united states shall have declared the Natches a free port, New Orleans will be very little as a place of commerce, and only an object of useless expense for France, and an inexhaustible source of jealousy between France and the united states.
The cession of Louisiana is nevertheless very important to France, if she applies it to the only use which found policy seems to dictate. I speak of Louisiana alone; and by this I do not mean to comprehend the Floridas, because I think they are no part of the cession. As it can, by this cession, acquire the right of carrying on the Mississippi, a free trade, if she knows how to profit of this circumstance, by a perfect understanding with the united states, she will find markets for a very great variety of articles, when she has accustomed the inhabitants of the Western countries to prefer them to the English, which she can only obtain by selling them cheaper, and she can only sell them cheaper, by interesting the American merchants to sell them, to have the use of their capitals, and by engaging the government of the united states to give them the preference. All this can take place only by the cession of New Orleans to the united states, with the reserve of the right of entry, at all times free from all other duties than those paid by American vessels, together with the right of navigation on the Mississippi. This would give her vessels an advantage over the vessels of all other nations, will retain and even increase the capitals of New Orleans, where the provisions for the islands will be bought at the cheapest rate possible, and where the articles of her manufactures will be introduced in the Western countries. The united states will have no interest in preventing it for every reason of rivalry will be removed. Then France will command respect without inspiring fear to the two nations whose friendship is the most important for her commerce, and the preservation of her islands and all these advantages will be obtained without the expense of establishments which ruin the public treasure, and divert capitals from their true object.
But if, on the one side, France keeps New Orleans, by attempting to colonize Louisiana, she will become an object of jealousy to Spain, the united states and England, which powers will not only discourage her commerce, but will compel her to make expensive establishments to secure the possession of it. In the foregoing observations, I have confined myself to observations which presented themselves, without having recourse to subtleties, which only served to mislead the judge. It is probable this is a condition of the cession.
ment. I have exposed simple facts, with candor and all the simplicity of language. If a reply is made, it will be by pursuing a contrary course. With eloquence and sophistry they may be combated and obfuscated; time and experience will demonstrate their solidity.
REMOVAL. MACCOUN & TILFORD Have removed their STORE To the House formerly occupied by Messrs. SAML. and Geo. Trotter. July 26th, 1803.
FOR SALE 382 1-4 acres of LAND with a good log House, and about fifty acres cleared, in Clarke county, including the Ferry & Ware House (known by Holder's landing.) Also 700 acres of the first quality, on the waters of Stoner, about six miles from Paris, Bourbon county. Also 120 acres on Lulubulgrud, adjoining the Old Fields, Clarke county. Also, the celebrated running horse RODNEY , (late the property of gen. Adair and Leonard Claiborne) with some valuable Mares and Colts. I will take lands for pay in Henderson's grant, or any other place on the Ohio, from any person who may wish to purchase the above property. For particulars enquire of the subscriber, at the first mentioned place. SAM. R. COMBS. July, 1803. 3w
THIRTY DOLLARS REWARD. RUN away from the subscriber, on Saturday, the 23d inst. an Apprentice to the saddling business, named NATHANIEL HAYDON , about eighteen years of age, five feet six inches high, well made, short dark hair, perhaps one or more of his fore-teeth broken. Took with him a dark mixed broad cloth coat, and a cross barred country made cotton coat, nankeneen and country cotton pantaloons, with sundry other articles of clothing, of good quality not accurately recollected. I will give the above reward for apprehending and bringing him home to me; or if taken out of the state, will pay all reasonable charges. AARON GRIFFING. Paris, Bourbon county, } 3w July 30th, 1803. } J. K. tp
NOTICE. COMMISSIONERS appointed by the county court of Montgomery, will meet at the house of Richard Crooks, on Flat creek, on the 23d day of August next, in order to take the depositions of witnesses to perpetuate their testimony to establish the calls of an entry, made in the name of Benjamin Fisher, of 500 acres on a treasury warrant, made the 20th June, 1780, on the waters of Flat creek, on the West side of said creek, to join Thomas Clark's preemption on the North, including two cabins; and do such other acts as may be deemed necessary, according to law. They will adjourn from day to day, until the business is completed. RICH'D. CROOKS. July 30, 1803.
RAN AWAY from the subscriber, living near the mouth of Strodes creek, Bourbon county; the first day of April last a Negro Woman, named SINER , about thirty years of age, she is thick tunchy made, her hair grows low down her forehead, thick lips, her breath hangs down very flabby, her buttocks stick out more than common, she has got some small scars on her arms, small feet, and is very crafty. Whoever will deliver me the said woman, or contrive so that I get her again, shall receive the sum of TEN DOLLARS , paid by me. JOHN CLAY. *4w
TAKEN UP by Cader Edwards, in Barren county, a SORREL MARE , about six or seven years old, branded on both jaws and near shoulder with B, about thirteen hands high; appraised to twenty three dollars—May 18th, 1803. A copy, Teste W. LOGAN, C. B. C. C. Garrard, ft.
TAKEN UP by John Bruce esq. in said county, an Iron Gray Mare, four feet four inches high, one glass eye the near side, a saddle spot on the near side, a small fore place on the back bone near the hind part of the saddle, no brand perceivable; appraised to 15 dollars—May 14th, 1803. EDMD. TERRIL. A copy, Teste BENJ. LETCHER, C. B. C. C.
LEXINGTON, AUGUST 2. A lad by the name of M'Clelland, who was bathing in Judge Lewis's mill pond, on Saturday last, ventured too far, and was unfortunately drowned. The length of the memorial in this day's paper, has excluded several articles of importance; the interesting concerns of our own country, claim our first attention. Other articles shall be noticed in future. For more advertisements see Gazette extra.
SIR, I hasten to inclose you, for the information of our fellow citizens, the within letter, which I have just received from a friend in the City of Washington, high in office, and in whose accuracy and source of information the most implicit confidence may be placed. Your most ob't. serv't. JOHN BRECKINRIDGE. Aug. 1st, 1803. Mr. Danl. Bradford.
Washington City, July 15th, 1803. Dear Sir, The Treaty ceding the territory of Louisiana to the United States, was received last evening—the terms of cession are 11,250,000 dollars to be paid in six per cent. stock, redeemable in fifteen years, and 4,000,000 of dollars to be paid to citizens of this Country, on account of debts due them from the French Government. The debts for which the United States are to be responsible to its Citizens, are those only for the payment of which the French Government acknowledged themselves bound. The demands which American citizens had against France for spoliations made during the late war, are not recognized by the treaty of cession.
WASHINGTON CITY, July 18. By the President of the United States of America. A PROCLAMATION. Whereas great and weighty matters claiming the consideration of the congress of the United States, form an extraordinary occasion for convening them—I do by these presents appoint Monday the 17th day of October next, for their meeting, at the City of Washington, hereby requiring their respective senators and representatives, then and there to assemble in congress, in order to receive such communications as may then be made to them, and to consult & determine on such measures, as, in their wisdom may be deemed meet for the welfare of the United States.
In testimony whereof, I have caused the seal of the United States to be hereunto affixed, and signed the same with my hand. Done at the City of Washington, the sixteenth day of July, in the year of our Lord, one thousand eight hundred and three; and in the twenty-eighth year of the independence of the United States. (Signed) TH: JEFFERSON. By the President, JAMES MADISON, Secretary.
Dispatches from the American minister at Paris, were received by the executive on Thursday evening. They were brought by Mr. Hughes of Baltimore, as confidential bearer, and contain the treaty, signed on April 30th, which conveys Louisiana to the United States. The extent of the territory ceded is defined by a general reference to that in which Louisiana was ceded to France. The terms are, 1st. 11,250,000 dollars to be paid to France in six per cent stock, within three months after the exchange of ratifications and the delivery of possession. 2d. An assumption of the debts due and captures provided for under the convention of Sept. 30th 1800, between the United States and the French Republic, which are to be liquidated by commissioners at Paris, and paid at the Treasury of the United States on drafts from their ministers at Paris.
The assumption is not to go beyond 3,750,000 dollars, and it is conjectured that the amount of the debts and claims will fall short of that sum. 3d. French and Spanish vessels and merchandizes directly from their own ports the merchandizes being of the respective countries are to pay, in the ports of the ceded territory, for a period of twelve years, no higher duties than are paid by American citizens, and this privilege is not to be extended during that period to any other foreign nation. After that period, France and Spain are to enjoy within the ports of the ceded territory, the privileges only of the most favored nation. The treaty is to be ratified, & the ratifications exchanged within six months from its date. This circumstance will require the convening of congress a little earlier than the first Monday of November. It is understood that the ratification of the First Consul is on its way to the United States. Immediately after the ratifications of the treaty, possession is to be delivered.
NEW-YORK, July 14. We learn by Captain Avery, of the Lehr. Maria, that the news of war arrived at St. Thomas's a few days before he failed, with the addition that hostilities had been declared against Spain and Denmark; and that one or two Danish vessels had already been captured. Captain Avery, who arrived here yesterday in 12 days from St. Thomas's, informs, that positive accounts have been received there of the blockade of Guadalupe by an English squadron—and that war was proclaimed at St. Thomas's against the Spaniards. Captain M'Heron, who arrived in the same vessel, informs that Tortola was full of Danish vessels, which had been sent in by British cruisers. July 15.
Late from Cape Francois. Captain Ling, of the brig Rockland, who arrived here yesterday in 8 days from Cape Francois, informs, that on the first inst. off Cape Nichola Mole, a British 74 gun ship fell in with a French frigate on her passage from Aux Cayes, and fired a broadside into her, which killed 17 of the seamen, and wounded 22. The frigate returned a few shots and ran into the port of Cape Nichola Mole, the 74 chasing her for some time, and continuing a heavy fire. In consequence of the renewal of hostilities a temporary embargo for three or four days was laid on the shipping at the Cape. The Brigades were embodied at a short distance from the town, but the inhabitants were without any apprehensions of an attack. They were in daily expectation, captain King says, of being Blockaded by a British fleet, which was the case at Martinique. Two French 74's and 3 frigates were at Cape Francois. American produce scarce. Flour 15 dollars per barrel, payable in Government Bills on account of the scarcity of money.
FOR SALE, A LOG CARRIAGE, LOW FOR CASH, I will barter it for a Likely GELDING. For terms, apply to Oliver Keen, in Lexington, or to the subscriber. JOHN M'CALL. Aug. 2d. 1803.
WILLIAM ROSS, BOOT & SHOE MAKER, HAS on hand a large assortment of BOOTS & SHOES, which he intends selling at reduced prices.   Brown top Boots 8  Black top do. 7  Three quarter do. 5 1-2, if foxed, 6  Half do. 5, if foxed, 5 50  Mens' lined and bound Shoes, 2  Mens' kip-skin do. 1 75  Mens' coarse do. 1 50  Womans' Slippers from 1 to 1 25  Small Shoes according.   At these low prices, no trust need be expected. He means to sell at these prices through the course of the winter.
ALL persons are hereby forewarned from hunting, fishing, fowling, or in any manner trespassing on my land on South Elk-horn; as I shall put the law in force against all those who disregard this notice. ISAAC WELLS. July 29, 1803. *3w
TAKE NOTICE, THAT I hereby forewarn all persons from trusting my wife Anne Englemon on my account, as I am determined to pay no debt of her contracting after this date, as her conduct to me is base and unwarrantable. JACOB ENGLEMON. 21st July, 1803.
CHEAP HATS. THE SUBSCRIBER returns his sincere thanks to his Customers for their former patronage; and informs them, that from their encouragement, and the large supply of FURS, he has just received, he is enabled to sell HATS at a more reduced price than any heretofore sold in the state of Kentucky. There will be a general assortment of CASTORS and BEAVERS kept up; together with every other kind of HATS. JOHN LOWREY, Main Cross Street, Lexington. N. B. A Quantity of BEAVER FURR For Sale. July 11, 1803.
NOTICE. A meeting of the KENTUCKY JOCKEY CLUB, is requested, at the house of John Polletbwait, in Lexington, at four o'clock in the afternoon, of Monday the 8th of August. The subscribers are requested to be punctual in their attendance either in person or by proxy. 2 July 20, 1803.

ORIGINAL.
AN ODE,
To his Excellency the PRESIDENT of the UNITED STATES.
By S. W.
SALVE tu custos columenque Publicarum, artium maxime & patrona, Patre lumen, libertatis auctor, JEFFERSON, salve!
Dum rex Johannes nuper cerebrifrons Perreo sceptrum populum regnavit; Terruit cives legibus iniquis; Gemuit, terra.
Contra tu ramos oleae protendens, Dirigitis justis populum institutis: Juris et legum patriae ad salutem Fleclis habenas:
Qualis in nates placidi parentis Lenitas, talis tibi imo est in cives, Diligunt qui te colunt et honore Vindicem juris.
Quantum, Columbia, JEFFERSONI debes. Testis est onus pauperum levatum; Testes sunt nostra debita soluta Integra fide.
Copiam fandi tutam redidisti et Civibus creptam pene libertatem: Cervici jugum impositum revellis Dextra levanti.
Audet Olympo Virgo jam redire, et Recreatas terras vultum praebet mundo: Aurei Saturni veniente aetate Omnia rident.
Mens tibi culta consciaque recti; Cor late animum viris eruditiss; Generi humano clemens, neque spernis Vulgi Querelas.
Celitus rector tibi donet vires Grandia ad incepta perficienda; Munera ut almae libertatis blanda Sentiant gentes.
Civium ob vitas simul cum fortunis, Cura servatas tua tam paterna, Nos sine gratos cingere tibi comam Civica Quercu.
Nomen aeterno revirescat aevum, Ulque dum polo sidera micabunt; Aureus dum Sol lucida lustrabit Lampade terras.
DIVERSITY.
A social company being at a coffee-house in London were conversing upon ghosts, goblins & apparitions. One of the company being an infidel, to those appearances, was challenged to go to one of the tombs and fetch a human skull. He very readily undertook the task. The company seeing his fortitude resolved to try his courage. A person was sent forward to conceal himself in the tombs. The Champion arrives; he takes up a human skull. The person concealed, with a deep hoarse voice cries out, that is my grandfather's. The champion with great coolness drops it and takes up another. That, cries the person in ambush, is my father's. He drops it and takes up another. That is mine, cries the concealed person. I care not where it is, answered the champion, but I will have it, and left the tomb in haste. The person concealed then pursued him through the street. The champion, with his prize, arrives at the coffee-house. Here gentlemen, says he, is the skull—put the owner is coming after it.
ALEX PARKER & Co.
Have just Received from Philadelphia, in addition to their former Assortment, Rose and Striped blankets assorted, Twilled, gray, blue, & striped coatings, Blue and drab knaps, Flannels and Bailes assorted, Chintzes and calicoes assorted, 4-4 Irish linen assorted, 6-4 Plain and figured cambric muslins, Kid and Morocco slippers assorted, Loaf Sugar and Coffee, Madeira and Port wine, Pepper, Chocolate and Mustard, Indigo, White-lead, Spruce, Oak, and Tanner's oil, Queens', Glass, and China ware, Knives and forks assorted, Which they will sell on the most moderate terms, for CASH. Lexington, July 18th, 1803.
BOURBON CIRCUIT,
May Term, 1803.
William Tilley and Rachel his wife, John Smith and Ruth his wife, Elijah Harper and Catharine his wife, Joshua Hall and Mary his wife, & John Bateman, an infant under the age of twenty one years, by the said Joshua Hall, his next friend, the said Rachel, Ruth, Catharine, Mary, & John Bateman, being some of the heirs and distributees of John Bateman, deceased, Against
Cockey Owings, Defendant,
IN CHANCERY.
THE defendant not having entered his appearance herein agreeably to the act of Assembly, and rules of this court—and it appearing to the satisfaction of the court, that he is not an inhabitant of this commonwealth—On the motion of the complainants by their counsel, it is ordered, that the said defendant do appear here on the third day of their next November term, & answer the complainant's bill, that a copy of this order be inserted eight weeks, successively, in some one of the Gazettes of this state; and another copy posted at the door of the court house, in Paris, and at the front door of the Presbyterian meeting-house in Paris, some Sunday, immediately after divine service. [A copy] THO. ARNOLD, CLK.
BOURBON CIRCUIT,
MAY TERM, 1803.
David Williamson, Complainant, Against John Edwards, Defendant.
IN CHANCERY.
THE defendant not having entered his appearance herein agreeably to the act of Assembly and rules of this court, and it appearing to the satisfaction of the court that he is not an inhabitant of this commonwealth, on the motion of the complainant by his counsel, it is ordered that he do appear here on the third day of the next November term, and answer the complainant's bill; that a copy of this order be inserted eight weeks successively in some one of the Gazettes of this state, that another copy be posted at the court-house door in Paris, and at the front door of the Presbyterian meeting-house in Paris some Sunday immediately after divine service. A copy, Teste, THO. ARNOLD, C. B. C. C.
NOTICE.
THAT having received instructions from the Secretary of War to cause to be erected at this place the following buildings, to wit: An Arsenal for arms, &c. of brick, eighty feet long and thirty-two wide, two stories high, ten feet each in the clear, with a cellar and foundation of stone under the whole, of five feet below the surface and three feet above, with brick pillars under the sleepers of the lower story. The walls to be the length of two bricks and a half for the lower story, and two for the upper story. A Brick Magazine for powder, requiring about 35,000 good brick, and a Barrack, requiring about the same quantity. Proposals will, therefore, be received by the subscriber, at the post-office in this place, (post paid) until the first of August next, inclusive, for making and laying the brick, for all or any of the above buildings per thousand and the stone work per perch. The stone, lime and sand being delivered on the spot, and likewise wood for burning the brick. A reasonable sum in cash will be advanced to any one contracting or commencing the work, and the balance paid on its being completed. Bond and approved security will be required of the undertaker or undertakers, for the faithful performance of the work, which must be commenced without delay, and completed as soon as possible. Any one wishing to make separate proposals for either making or laying the brick will do.
JAMES TAYLOR,
Superintendent, New-Port,
Campbell county, Ky.
11th July, 1803.
Bourbon county, set.
Taken up by Harbin Bramham,
living about three quarters of a mile
from the forks of the Blue Lick and
from Work roads, a
BLACK HORSE,
fourteen hands and a half high,
branded on the off buttock with B,
and on the off shoulder with B, five
years old, a large bell on; appraised
to 12l. Aquilla Parker, J. P.
May 16, 1803.
Madison, to wit:
Taken up by James Thomas, living
on the Kentucky river, near the
mouth of Muddy creek, a
BLACK MARE,
three years old this spring, supposed
to be 13 hands 3 inches high, branded
on the near shoulder 69; appraised
to 10l. John Campbell.
May 21, 1803.
PROPOSALS,
By JAMES M. BRADFORD,
For Publishing by Subscription,
NOTES
ON THE NAVIGATION
OF THE
MISSISSIPPI;
WITH NINE PLATES
Laying down the most difficult passages in the River.
TAKEN BY A GENTLEMAN OF TALENTS
AND OBSERVATION;
And corrected after several voyages,
in all stages of the water.
TO BE PUT TO PRESS AS SOON AS 200
COPIES ARE SUBSCRIBED FOR.
THE Editor thinks it useless to
say any thing in praise of this work
The circumstance of its being the
labor of a Gentleman of Observation,
and Corrected after Several
Voyages down the River, when the
Water was High, and when Low,
speaks more loudly in recommendation
of it, than anything that can
here be said in its favor.
CONDITIONS.
I. It shall be printed on a good type,
and such paper as our country affords;
and will contain from 60 to
100 pages, medium duodecimo,
stitched in blue paper.
II. The price to subscribers will be
Thirty-Seven and an Half Cents
—Twenty-Five Cents to be paid
at the time of subscribing, and the
balance on the delivery of the
work.
III. No person will be considered a
subscriber, who does not advance
the first payment of his subscription.
IV. Any person procuring Ten subscribers, and being accountable for the money, shall have One gratis.
** Subscriptions received by the Editor, at the office of the Guardian, Frankfort.—By Daniel Bradford, Lexington, and by the different Post-Masters, throughout the state.
Bourbon Circuit—May Term, 1803.
Thomas Starke, Complainant,
Against
Robert Price, Robert Mosby and
James Parberry, Defendants.
IN CHANCERY.
THE defendants, Price and Parberry not having entered their appearance herein agreeably to the act of Assembly and rules of this court, and it appearing to the satisfaction of the court that they are not inhabitants of this commonwealth, on the motion of the complainant, by his counsel, it is ordered that they do appear here on the third day of the next November term, and answer the complainant's bill, that a copy of this order be inserted in some one of the Gazettes of this state, for eight weeks successively, another copy posted at the front door of the court-house, and published at the front door of the Presbyterian meeting-house in Paris, some Sunday immediately after divine service. A copy, THO. ARNOLD, CLK.
A large quantity of
WRITING PAPER,
Of the first quality, just received,
and for sale by the Ream, for CASH
only, at the office of the KENTUCKY
GAZETTE.
State of Kentucky, Fayette Circuit Court.
JUNE TERM, 1803.
Robert Fryer, complainant,
Against
Robert Tyler, defendant.
IN CHANCERY.
THE defendant having failed to enter his appearance herein agreeably to law and the rules of this court, and it appearing to the satisfaction of the court that he is not an inhabitant of this Commonwealth, on the motion of the complainant by his counsel, it is ordered that the said defendant do appear here on the third day of the next term and answer the complainant's bill, that a copy of this order be inserted in the Kentucky Gazette or Herald according to law, another posted at the door of the court-house for Fayette county, and that a copy be published, on some Sunday immediately after divine service, at the door of the Presbyterian meeting-house. A Copy, Teste, THOS. BOULEY, C. F. C. C.
State of Kentucky, Fayette Circuit Court.
JUNE TERM, 1803.
Robert Barr, complainant,
Against
Montgomery Bell & Daniel M'Vicar, def'ts.
IN CHANCERY.
THE defendant Montgomery Bell having failed to enter his appearance herein agreeably to law and the rules of this court, and it appearing to our satisfaction that he is not an inhabitant of this Commonwealth, on the motion of the complainant by his counsel, it is ordered that the said defendant do appear here on the third day of our next September term, and answer the complainant's bill, that a copy of the order be inserted in the Kentucky Gazette or Herald, according to law, another posted at the door of the court-house for Fayette county, and that it be published on some Sunday immediately after divine service, at the door of the Presbyterian meeting-house. A Copy, Teste, THOS. BOULEY, C. F. C. C.
July 25th.
WILLIAM WEST,
Has received, and is now opening for
sale, in the store formerly occu-
pied by Mr. Robt. Barr, a
well chosen assortment of
Dry Goods and Stationary,
Glass and Queen's ware,
Iron Mongery and Hard Ware.
A handsome assortment of Saddlery.
In his assortment of Merchandise,
are the following articles, viz.
Imperial,
Young Hyson,
Hyson,
Hyson Skin and
Bohea
French Brandy,
Old Jamaica Spirits & Acid,
Madeira,
Sherry, and
Old Teneriffe
Loaf Sugar,
Coffee,
Rice,
Chocolate,
Raisins,
Almonds,
Pepper,
Ginger,
Allspice,
Mustard,
Mace and Cloves,
Brimstone,
Coppers,
Alum,
Indigo,
Madder and Logwood.
FISH.
Salmon, Shad, and Herrings.
Anvils, Vices, Steel, Hammer, Skillets,
Spades and Shovels,
Tow, Cotton and Wool Yarn,
Gun Locks and Cutting Knives,
English and Dutch Scythes,
Brushes of various kinds,
Nankens,
Men's Black and White Silk Stockings,
Women's Silk do.
Large and Elegant White Cotton
Counterpanes.
With many articles not here enumerated.
They have been selected with care,
and will be sold on as low terms as any
in this town, for Cash, Whiskey, Hemp,
Country made Linen, or such articles as
Produce as may suit him.
The subscriber to enable him to sell
cheap, has determined not to give credit
on any terms.
P. S. A few pieces of the best London
Superfine Cloths.
Also For Sale for Cash or Barter,
(By Wholesale.)
A quantity of MERCHANDIZE
consisting chiefly of the following articles.
Fine, Tamboured, Figured & Book
Muslins, Ginghams, an elegant assortment of
Batons, Muffs, Furs,
Trimmings, a few pieces Fine Cloth
Gasimere & Swansdown—Mouseline
de laine, Women's and Children's
Hats, &c. &c.
WILLIAM WEST.
BOURBON CIRCUIT.
May Term, 1803.
George Trotter and Alexander Scott, Complainants,
Against
John Edwards, William
Scott, David Williamson,
Haden Edwards,
David S. Brodrick, Ala
Beall, and William
Lamme.
IN CHANCERY.
THE defendants John Edwards and David Williamson, not having entered their appearance herein agreeably to the act of Assembly and rules of this court, and it appearing to the satisfaction of the court that they are not inhabitants of this commonwealth—on the motion of the complainants by their counsel, it is ordered that they do appear here on the third day of their next November term, and answer the complainants' bill; that a copy of this order be inserted in some one of the Gazettes of this state for eight weeks successively, another copy posted at the front door of the court house, and published at the front door of the Presbyterian meeting house, in Paris, some Sunday immediately after divine service. A copy, THO. ARNOLD CLK.
July 25th.
VALUABLE PROPERTY
FOR SALE.
700 acres Military Land, lying on Brush creek, N. W. T. where the road crosses from Limestone to Chillicothe; this tract contains about three hundred acres of rich bottoms, the remainder is well timbered; has on it a good mill seat, and is an excellent stand for a public house.
500 acres ditto ditto, lying on Clover Lick creek, a branch of the East fork of the Little Miami, N. W. T. in a good neighborhood, about three miles from Dunham's Town, seven from Williamsburg, and eleven to twelve from the Ohio river.
1000 acres ditto ditto, lying on Brush creek, a few miles from New Market, N. W. T.
5000 acres, lying on Bank Lick creek, Kentucky, part of two tracts, containing 6000 acres, surveyed and patented for William Jones.
4000 acres, Clarke county, Kentucky, part of a tract of eight thousand acres, surveyed and patented for Richard Chinquorth.
3832 2-3 acres, Mason county, Kentucky, part of 5000 acres, surveyed and patented for George Underwood.
1200 acres, Mason county, Kentucky, surveyed and patented for Moody and McMillin.
1000 acres Military land, on the waters of Russell's creek, Green river.
825 acres, Jefferson county, Kentucky, about four miles from Louisville, 40 acres of this tract is cleared.

Kentucky Gazette---Extra.
Tuesday, August 2, 1803.
Knox County, July Term, 1803 John Faris, Complainant,
v. s. Robert Campbell, surviving partner of the late firm of Hicks & Campbell, and the heirs and representatives of James Hicks deceased, late partner in the firm of Hicks and Campbell, and John Ballin- ger, Defendant.
In Chancery.
The defendants Robert Campbell, and the heirs and representatives of James Hicks deceased, not having entered their appearance herein according to law, and it appearing to the satisfaction of the court that they are not inhabitants of the commonwealth of Kentucky—on the motion of the complainant, by his counsel, it is ordered, that the said defendants do appear here on the first day of our next October term of our said court, and answer the complainant's bill—that a copy of this order be published forthwith in the Kentucky Gazette for two months successively, posted up on the front door of the court house of this county, and published some Sunday immediately after Divine service, at the Presbyterian meeting house near Stanford.
[A copy.] Attest
Richard Ballinger, C.K.C.Q.S.P.T.
STATE OF KENTUCKY.
Fayette Circuit Court, June Term, 1803.
Robert Johnson, Complainant,
Against Francis Boykin, George Langfort, William Miller, David Barrow, Thomas Jourdan, Robert Jourdan, Francis Marshall Boykin, and Boykin, heirs and representatives of John Lawrence, deceased, and Josiah Barker, administrator of William Davis, deceased, Defendants.
IN CHANCERY.
THE defendants having failed to enter their appearance herein agreeable to law and the rules of this court, and it appearing to their satisfaction that they are not inhabitants of this Commonwealth, on the motion of the complainant, by his counsel, it is ordered, that the said defendants do appear here on the third day of our next September term, and answer the complainant's bill, that a copy of this order be inserted in the Kentucky Gazette or Herald, according to law, another posted at the door of the court-house for Fayette county, and that it be published on some Sunday immediately after divine service, at the door of the Presbyterian meeting-house in Lexington.
A Copy, Teste
THOS. BODLEY, C.F.E.&
NOTICE.
WE shall attend with commissioners appointed by the county court of Bourbon, agreeable to an act of assembly, entitled "an act for ascertaining the boundaries and processioning lands," on Friday the 14th day of October next, if fair, if not the next fair day, to take depositions to establish the calls and boundaries of the following entries and surveys, to wit: "Dec. 23. 1782, Henry Cox enters 1000 acres of Land on the balance of a treasury warrant, No. 7932, lying on an east branch of a creek emptying into Hinkston's fork of Licking, on the north side thereof, just above the upper Salt Spring trace. The mouth of said east branch being about three miles from the mouth of said creek. To begin at a Betty-wood, standing near said branch, marked VA, and from thence east 200 poles, and west 200 poles, & from the extremities northwardly to form a square figure as nearly as vacancies will admit, to include the quantity." Also an entry in the name of John Flemming, of 1000 acres—"April 14th 1784, John Flemming withdraws his entry of 1000 acres, on a treasury warrant No. 10568, and re-enters the same on a north branch of Hinkston's fork of Licking, adjoining an entry made for Henry Cox on the south, to begin at the south east corner, thence west 600 poles, thence south 266 poles, thence east 600 poles, thence north 266 poles to the beginning." 828 acres of said entry has been surveyed and patented. And to do such other act or acts as we may deem necessary, and according to law. We shall meet at the house of Jonas Haun, and proceed to said tree marked VA, or the place where it formerly stood.
Adam Kerns, Jonathan Musick.
July 18, 1803. †
D. BRADFORD,
HAVING just received an assortment of LARGE TYPE, suitable for handbills, &c.—any person who may think proper to employ him, shall have their jobs executed in the most conspicuous manner, and on the shortest notice.
Knox County, July Term, 1803. John Reddick, Complainant,
v. s. Robert Campbell, surviving partner of the late firm of Hicks & Campbell, and the heirs and representatives of James Hicks deceased, late partner in the firm of Hicks & Campbell, and John Ballinger. Defendants.
In Chancery.
The defendants Robert Campbell, and the heirs and representatives of James Hicks deceased, not having entered their appearance herein according to law, and it appearing to the satisfaction of the court that they are not inhabitants of the commonwealth of Kentucky—on the motion of the complainant, by his counsel, it is ordered, that the said defendants do appear here on the first day of our next October term of our said court, and answer the complainant's bill—that a copy of this order be published forthwith in the Kentucky Gazette for two months successively, posted up at the front door of the court house of this county, and published some Sunday immediately after Divine service at the Presbyterian meeting house near Stanford.
[A copy.] Attest
Richard Ballinger, C.K.C.Q.S.P.T.
NOTICE,
THAT we shall meet with the commissioners appointed by the county court of Bourbon, under the act of assembly, entitled "An act to reduce into one the several acts for processioning lands," at Thomas's station, on the head of Kennedy's creek, on the 17th day of August next, then and there to take the depositions of sundry witnesses, to establish the improvement and special calls in an entry, made in the name of Joseph Kennedy, on pre-emption warrant, on the 8th day of June, in the year 1780; and amended on the 20th day of December, in the year 1782—and also, on the same day to proceed down said Kennedy's creek, to the improvement of John Kennedy (son of John) to establish the identity thereof, by the testimony of witnesses, and also, the special calls in his entry, on pre-emption warrant, made the 8th day of June, 1780: and to do such other and further acts therein, as may be deemed necessary, and agreeably to law.
THOMAS KENNEDY, JOS. PENN.
19th July, 1803.