Gazette of the United States and daily evening advertiser. (Philadelphia [Pa.]), 1795-01-22 00:00:00

Gazette of the United States AND DAILY EVENING ADVERTISER.
[No. 19 of Vol. VII.]
THURSDAY, JANUARY 22, 1795.
[Whole No. 741.]
Nankeens.
Short Nankeens, entitled to the Drawback FOR SALE AT No. 40, north Fifth street.
Green Coffee,
110,000 weight of 40 barrels, and 200 bags, suit for the Drawback, stored on Meff's wharf.
Bordeaux Brandy,
300 cases of London particular Tenneriff, 100 cases of London particular Madeira WINES, 100 cases of London particular Port WINE.
Levinus Clarkson,
FOR SALE BY Jelle & Robert Waln, PORT WINE in pipes, hds. and quarter casks.
FOR SALE,
AT THE STORES OF Jelle & Robert Waln, PORT WINE in pipes, hds. and quarter casks.
Distant Subscribers
The Gazette are hereby respectfully requested to pay up their Subscriptions by the first of January next.
A pleasant Country Seat,
FOR SALE BY THOMAS DOBSON, At the Stone House, No. 41, South Second street.
Just Published,
MEMOIRS OF General Dumourier, WRITTEN BY HIMSELF.
T. DOBSON,
Principles and Observations APPLIED TO THE MANUFACTURE AND INSPECTION OF Pot and Pearl Ashes.
Machine Cards,
Of all Kinds, Cut Nails of all sizes, Floor Boards, Springs and Tracks, Fullers Shears, Gun Flints and Wool Hairs.
Machinery for making Cards
On an Improved Construction. Oct. 2
For Sale or Charter,
THE SHIP MARGARET, Robert Robertson, MASTER. She is in complete repair, and of about 3200 barrels burthen.
For Hamburg,
The fast-sailing Ship INDUSTRY, LYING at Walnut street wharf, will sail in about 15 days.
Thomas Newman,
FOR SALE BY Levi Hollingsworth & Son, Oct. 31
Burlington Pork.
A QUANTITY OF Best Burlington Pork, FOR SALE BY Levi Hollingsworth & Son, Oct. 31
Nicholas Diehl jun.
Informing his friends and the Public, that in consequence of the Resignation of John Hollingsworth he has been commissioned as a NOTARY PUBLIC.
Historical Collections.
JUST PUBLISHED AND FOR SALE BY THOMAS DOBSON, At the Stone House, No. 41, South Second street.
Historical Collections,
CONSISTING OF STATE PAPERS, And other Authentic Documents, intended as an History of the UNITED STATES OF AMERICA.
AT THE
Card & Nail Factory, No. 59, north Front street, Webster, Adgate & White, Have constantly for sale, Cotton, Wool, Tow, and Machine Cards.
Whereas an attach-
ment at the suit of the administrator of all and singular the goods and chattels, rights and credits, which were of William Burnet deceased, at the time of his death, has been issued out of the Inferior Court of Middlesex, against the Goods and Chattels, Lands and Tenements of Irenaeus Martin, late of the county aforesaid, returnable to the said Court on the 10th day of February next.
Valuable Real Estates by AUCTION,
THIS DAY, the 22d Instant, at 6 o'Clock in the Evening, at the Merchants Coffee-House, will be sold by Auction, the following Valuable Lots of Ground:
WANTED,
A Quantity of White Beans, For which CASH will be given by Edward Stow jun.
Cotton Bedticks,
(American Manufacture.) Said to contain the Down and Feathers, much better than the best linen Bedticks for sale by Joseph Turner.
George Hunter,
Chemist, At his Laboratory, No. 114, South Second street. INFORMS his former customers and the public, that he has begun the DRUG business again on an extensive plan.
This Day was published,
AND FOR SALE AT T. BRADFORD'S Book-Store, No. 8, South Front Street, A BONE TO GNAT for the DEMOCRATS; or Observations on a Pamphlet entitled, "The Political Progress of Britain."
George Green,
Informing his Friends and Customers in particular, and the Public in general, that he has a New four horse Stage, For journeys, and a number of genteel and close Carriages with good horses and careful drivers to let on as moderate terms as any other person in the city.
Warranted Watches
From 14 to 40 dollars—a very general assortment of Watch-Materials, Chains, Seals, &c. &c. and a few very handsome French Mantle Clocks.
John J. Parry,
Clock and Watch Maker, No. 38, South Second street. An Apprentice wanted. Jan. 12
Fine Fresh Lemons,
At Four Dollars the Box, FOR SALE BY THOMAS RANDALL, No. 88, Spruce street, midway between Second and Third streets.
WANTED,
A Quantity of White Beans, For which CASH will be given by Edward Stow jun.
Cotton Bedticks,
(American Manufacture.) Said to contain the Down and Feathers, much better than the best linen Bedticks for sale by Joseph Turner.
George Hunter,
Chemist, At his Laboratory, No. 114, South Second street. INFORMS his former customers and the public, that he has begun the DRUG business again on an extensive plan.
This Day was published,
AND FOR SALE AT T. BRADFORD'S Book-Store, No. 8, South Front Street, A BONE TO GNAT for the DEMOCRATS; or Observations on a Pamphlet entitled, "The Political Progress of Britain."
George Green,
Informing his Friends and Customers in particular, and the Public in general, that he has a New four horse Stage, For journeys, and a number of genteel and close Carriages with good horses and careful drivers to let on as moderate terms as any other person in the city.
Warranted Watches
From 14 to 40 dollars—a very general assortment of Watch-Materials, Chains, Seals, &c. &c. and a few very handsome French Mantle Clocks.
John J. Parry,
Clock and Watch Maker, No. 38, South Second street. An Apprentice wanted. Jan. 12
Whereas an attach-
ment at the suit of the administrator of all and singular the goods and chattels, rights and credits, which were of William Burnet deceased, at the time of his death, has been issued out of the Inferior Court of Middlesex, against the Goods and Chattels, Lands and Tenements of Irenaeus Martin, late of the county aforesaid, returnable to the said Court on the 10th day of February next.
BOOKS,
PRINTED & PUBLISHED By Mathew Carey, No. 118, Market Street, 1. Charlotte, a tale of truth, By Mrs. Rowson, of the New-Theatre Philadelphia.
EXTRACT FROM THE PREFACE.
The authors have presumed to affix to their title the epithet Impartial; and the reason is, because they cannot charge themselves with feeling the smallest bias to any party, but that of truth and liberty; and they flatter themselves, that their readers will find not only every circumstance fairly represented, but every censurable action, whether the authors or actors, marked in its proper colors.
General Washington.
23. Poems of Col. Humphreys, 37 1/2 cents. 24. Catechism of Man, 18 3/4 cents. 25. Tom Paine's Jests, 18 3/4 cents. 26. Carey's account of the Yellow Fever, 40 cents. 27. Devout Christian's Vade Mecum, 25 cents. 28. Garden of the Soul, 50 cents. 29. Think well on't, 50 cents. 30. Doomsday, 50 cents. Nov. 29

CONGRESS.
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES.
Thursday, January 15.
Debate on the reported plan for reducing the public debt.
Continued.
Mr. Nicholas had moved to strike out the word Sugar, from the 2d resolution reported by the committee.
Mr. PAGE said, that he wished the motion had been to strike out the whole resolution, and that members who had spoken had been contented with showing whilst they were up why they could not agree to such a motion, and why they preferred the resolution to any other which could occur to them; and that had such a motion been rejected, that then such amendments had been proposed and considered as might occur to those who disapproved of the original resolution; for then the resolution would have been open to a full and free examination in the first instance, and every amendment considered in its turn; but as the debate has been conducted, the attention of members has been distracted, & called to such a variety of subjects that the debate has been confused and two much lengthened; and the amendment now proposed must confine members who regard order, from stating their opinions as fully as those who have spoken on the several preceding questions, and have not confined themselves to order. I shall however confine myself, to consider the question immediately before us, which is in fact whether manufactured sugar shall be excised till the year 1801, for the purpose of raising a fund to pay off that part of the debt of the United States, which pays an interest of six per cent. instead of being excised only till the end of the session of 1795, and applied to certain temporary purposes. As I voted against the excise on sugar in the last session, when it was even stated as absolutely necessary on account of a pressing emergency, an expected war, and a consequent defalcation of the revenue which had been drawn from impost and tonnage, and then stated my objections as founded on the impropriety of taxing an infant valuable branch of manufacture, not only as impolitic, but as partial and inconsistent with the practice of Congress, which had been to encourage every branch of the manufactures of the United States; and even if there had not been this impropriety in the measure then, I thought it unnecessary because I saw no danger of being involved in a war, and if there had been such danger I looked to less exceptional objects of taxation; I can not but vote now against an absolutely unnecessary continuance of that excise. I am every day confirmed in my opinion, that it is impolitic, unjust and contrary to republican principles, to select particular objects for taxation, as it must beget discontent, and may be abused to the ruin of individuals, who may be selected as persons on whom a burthen of taxes shall fall; it is a temptation to a Legislature to an act of oppression; because as in the case before us, the persons injured are but few, and therefore their complaints will be disregarded, and it may happen that some persons may not be affected by the duty on excise as others are, for persons with large capitals may be benefitted, whilst the poorer manufacturers may be forced to abandon the manufacture. The taxes of a republic ought to bear equally on all its members; that is in exact proportion to their property. I am restrained by the question at present from saying any thing respecting the excise on snuff, and the tax on licences for retailing wines and spirituous liquors, on sales at auction, and on carriages, and therefore will only remark, that the duties and taxes enumerated in the resolution before us, are all highly exceptionable; and therefore no attempt ought now to be made to continue them beyond the time to which they were limited; to strike out the whole resolution will be to continue them according to their appropriation; to agree to the resolution will be an alteration of our appropriation, and to apply an uncertain fund which was relied on in an emergency for temporary purposes, to an important permanent purpose, which must require the best known and most productive funds. I shall therefore vote for striking out the word Sugar, and indeed the whole resolution.
Friday, January 16.
Mr. Ames. It would seem to be a trite common place enquiry, to ask whether Congress is sincerely and earnestly engaged in the work of reducing the public debt. Most persons present would consider the question as the indication of a doubt equally illiberal
and unwarranted. Every one would say, this article makes a part of my private creed, and of my public duty. Yet mere speculative opinions and empty wishes for the object will leave it unaccomplished. The path to every great public good is obstructed with great obstacles, and to surmount them demands some vigour of exertion, some firmness of self-denial. The debt, we are told, is unpopular, and this country would differ from every other in the world if the imposition of taxes is not so too. Yet without efficient revenues every one will see that the government cannot reduce the debt, and therefore we have only to choose between evils, or rather between the great evil of an undiminished public debt, and the inconvenience of those clamors which taxes never fail to raise, though happily no country I believe acquiesces more cheerfully in the revenue laws than our own.
Gentlemen ought not to be surprised or offended, if we think it at least possible that the difficulties in the way of a powerful operation on the debt, may prove insurmountable. It is easy and natural to multiply doubts as to the plan of the reduction, as well as to inspire repugnance and apprehension of the taxes, and other means of giving it effect. A plan for reducing the public debt certainly means a great deal more than paying off 60,000,000 dollars, the redeemable part of the six per-cent stock for once only, and then to drop it till another laborious and contentious effort of the legislature shall have provided for a second payment. Before we proceed to discuss points in which we disagree; I hope we may state this as one, and the ground work of the whole, which in theory at least unites all opinions, that we shall now settle a plan for applying year by year the whole strength of the revenues of the nation, to paying off the public debt; that we shall sanction this plan, by law, and give it energy by providing the funds for a sacred and unalterable application to the object. If the opponents of the report of the committee, on the plan of reducing the debt are not willing to go this length, then they must confess they fall short of those with whom I am now acting, and who have usually on questions of revenue and finance had my vote; and I confess, this is one of the few occasions in which I had hoped to see an emulation in this house for measures of efficiency and permanency.
But that hope, however pleasing, is somewhat checked by the alarming recollection, that public debts are in all states, the objects of public concern and dread. In Europe their vast amount has at last terrified those who hold the public debt, from those who pay taxes. Yet although they have long portended convulsion and ruin, have not nations and governments nearly smothered their alarms, and instead of routing all their energies to subdue the evil, relapsed into a state of security and torpor? Nay, have they not by madly rushing into war, as we might lately have done, augmented the danger and hastened the shock of that earthquake which for an age past has threatened to throw Europe back again into chaos? The nations seem to have outgrown their fears, or to despair of the remedy; as the inhabitants of Italy whilst unconcerned on the sides of mount Etna, while it vomits fire, or plough the fields of Calabria while they shake under their feet.
These are remarkable facts, and shew that in spite of universal fears and wishes, there is some powerful obstacle in the nature of man, or in the structure of society, that baffles the attempts of a nation to break out of the circle of enchantment and ruin. What is it? probably this, that wars which create public debts, are almost always popular, and taxes that would speedily wipe them out, are no less obnoxious. I hope I shall be pardoned if I say, and I would say it inoffensively, that the tone and sentiment of the opposition to the temporary taxes have not altogether convinced me that the United States are free from this inveterate malady of nations.
It may be true that we have less to dread from debt than some of the European nations. The amount is comparatively small and the progress of wealth and people is every day lessening the share that falls to an individual, to be answerable for. The taxes, it may be said also powerfully stimulate manufacturing industry as well as encourage our shipping, by their operation as protecting duties. But altho' the husbandry, arts and trade of the country have prospered under both debt and taxes, although while the interest is duly paid, the creditors, have no claim to the principal, yet the motives for hastening the reduction of the public burdens are notwithstanding so cogent and
powerful they cannot be resisted. In deed to notice them ever so slightly will in a great measure overpower the objections to the taxes in question.
I am one of those who believe a nation ought to cherish public credit, for the same reason that it ought to have strength, for in critical situations credit is strength and the want of it may happen to be not only weakness, but subjugation and ruin. And it is my belief that although it may answer for a time to pay the interest and neglect the principal, yet at last and in the course of affairs it will appear that a nation which neglects to pay its debts will have no credit. That would be the case with an individual.
Besides if we neglect the interval of peace and prosperity to lessen, and if possible to extinguish the debt, we cannot expect for any length of time to avoid the occasions of adding to it.
We had eleven years of peace, one half of which term for want of a government our debt was augmenting, at least twelve or fifteen millions of dollars. It has been funded four years nearly, and less than three millions are yet paid off. Are we to hope for peace always? A blessing so great has been hitherto denied, perhaps in benevolence as well as wisdom, to the prayers of devotion and the tears of philanthropy, and from all we know of the nature and history of man, we have reason to believe, if not to desire, that war will sometimes fall to the lot of a nation. Peace is the time to prepare for it by extinguishing the burdens of the last war, by exhibiting as a basis of present exultation, and a ground of future confidence and credit, the novel spectacle of a great nation which has freed itself from debt.
There is an auxiliary motive which I stated in the beginning of the debate. The funding of the debt has unhappily proved an occasion of division and jealousy in the country, and of acrimonious recriminations in the public assemblies. The debt was not augmented, it was diminished by funding, and almost none of the first Congress declared themselves opposed to the funding of the debt; they resified the assumption and some of the clauses of the bill.
The sin and odium therefore of the funding system, as a measure abstracted from the irredeemable quality, & the state debts, ought to have been shared among all the offenders, the southern as well as the northern members. Yet it has answered party purposes to represent the eastern members as the patrons of a system of paper influence, of treasury corruption, of certificate nobility, that they have attempted, and succeeded to pervert and snatch the constitution, to organize and uphold systems of concealed aristocracy, that they deem the debt, as it promotes these vile purposes, a blessing, that they made it to oblige one another, and will not part with it, lest the popular principles of our government should prevail over the artificial and treacherous schemes, and corrupt connections, which as they derive their life from the debt, must impart life to it. I believe that all the arguments which have been vented on this subject. The language of insinuation and invective has been exhausted. The dictionary and vulgar language can add nothing to the opprobrium which has been attempted, to be thrown on the friends of the revenue and finance systems. Do not the ears of gentlemen fill tingle with these disgusting recollections? Can they think without mingled emotions of indignation and surprise, how the labour has been represented, the eastern members as the authors, the champions of the advantages of a funded debt, while every vehicle by which the public could be misled, has teemed with declamation that the members from another part of the union were exclusively zealous to extinguish this devouring fire of public debt that consumes the people and their liberties, that the same gentlemen were not consenting to the funding system, and that all their efforts have been hitherto baffled by the interested arts of the friends of paper corruption.
I neither know nor have the arrogance to pretend to know the inclinations of men's hearts: but when we are accused of keeping the debt from influence and corruption, when our accusers affect to lament that they cannot be allowed to prosecute a most powerful and even violent operation for reducing the debt, we have a right to say that we take the professions of these gentlemen as a ground for testing their consistency if not their sincerity. When they proclaim their principles we have possession of them, and have a right to indulge such comments, especially at the moment of bringing them to the touchstone as I was induced to make upon a former day's debate. I own it sir, I rejoiced to see these professions brought to the test, for if it should criminate the sincerity of those who make them, it would at least exculpate those who have so long been the objects of the most licentious invectives. It will shew in the teeth of calumny that the eastern members are advocates and zealous ones for the reduction of the debt.
It is true the opponents of the resolution are not bound to adopt the plan, nor to continue these very duties, but they are bound by more than common sanctions to go even beyond the description of persons whom they have accused, in some plan, and to provide other taxes. No puny operation, no halfway measures will do. They stand pledged for some strong system some efficient funds to bring into activity at least all the present revenue faculties of the country.
It is therefore with the best reasons and even on strong public considerations that I repeat the observation which seemed to
give offence on a former day. The present moment is the crisis of a political test: it gives an opportunity to one set of men if they chuse, to vindicate their constituency and we far on the other, actually use it, not by professions but by our conduct to confound the accusations which have been thrown upon us. I rejoice in this moment on public account. It cannot but undecieve the citizens who have nourished jealousies and prejudices. It cannot be unimportant to lay with one stroke the slanders which the gentlemen from the southern states have alured us have sprung from this source. The confidence and affection of the citizens is the best defence of the Constitution, and we are told that this defence has been chiefly weakened by the misrepresentations which have been made of the intentions of government to keep the debt as an instrument of corrupt influence.
If the common objects of both sides in this debate be really to reduce the public debt, what shall be the plan and the measure of the reduction? Is it to pay off the redeemable part of the six per cent. stock, and to stop there? If so then we shall go far beyond them. For why should not the unsubscribed debt be paid off, the registered debt, the foreign debt, the deferred and three per cent. and even the temporary loans or anticipations of the revenue, which it is agreed draw an interest of an hundred thousand dollars a year. That bingsbear, the irredeemable quality, so artificially conjured up to terrify the country opposes no obstacle to the redemption of all this great amount—a mass of debt far exceeding the most extravagant conjectures of the revenue for many years to come. And here let me observe, the argument almost solely opposed to the resolution is this—We have revenue enough without the temporary taxes. Let it be allowed that we have, for argument sake, what follows? that we have too much revenue with the temporary taxes. Will our money rust in the treasury-chest for want of debt to employ it upon? Shall we not make greater progress with all the present taxes than with only a part of them? Is it time to refuse the aid of these temporary taxes, when we are finding out a new way for employing the product? Shall we with any color of wisdom go on at the same instant to extend our expenses & to diminish the income of the taxes? The argument that these taxes are not wanted, is utterly hostile to the professions we make of paying off the public burdens as fast as possible. If the statement to support this reasoning is true, it is not so much an objection as an encouragement to our progress in the plan—as it proves by the documents adduced on one side, that the other has under-reckoned the calculations of success.
It might seem therefore a superfluous labour to shew that the treasury will probably stand in need of the temporary taxes for this operation, since it is all the better if it should not. But by shewing it, at least, it will prove the necessity of assenting to the resolution, if we would have the public debt reduced.
It is in fact the facts relating to the income and expenditure of the United States, are so much in dispute. The law, and because it is a law it ought to be a rule of conduct for the House, requires it of the Secretary of the Treasury, to digest and prepare plans for the improvement of the public revenue, and relating to the public credit; and if such information had been called for, it would have thrown a strong light upon many points which have been contested, because they were in the dark. Indeed, at every step in business of revenue and finance, a deliberative assembly will find itself embarrassed; darkness will hide the path.
I think as respectfully of this assembly as I ought, and perhaps as highly as any member of it, yet I hesitate not to say, that no assembly ought thus to reject the information which our own law makes it the duty of the treasury department to furnish. We often hear of the duty of a republican to respect the law, and yet in the teeth of this law we are exhorted to stop our ears against all communications on these subjects from the treasury. I am not ashamed to say, I have need of the information, and I see that others dispute on facts which they shew their want of. It is strictly executive business, which, according to the correct theory of our Constitution, ought not to be usurped by this House. Executive officers, on their responsibility ought to furnish it. The details of a great nation's money affairs are too complex, too vast, too much a science for any committee to embrace in a report, if they should have the good fortune to understand them.
I will not, therefore, under the disadvantages which I believe are too common to others, as well as myself, pretend to make a systematic parade of figures.
If we reckon the revenue in 1793, as a ground of calculation for future years, we shall have some guide for our conjectures. Those who chuse to imagine a vast increase of income from taxes, in future, may be answered in a word. It is conjecture. 1793 was a year of uncommon importation. French property was brought here in almost every
resisted on account of the war with England and the troubles of the French islands. This swelled the nominal amount of our imports, and, as much of this property has been re-exported, it again diminished the supposed product of the duties, by the allowance for drawbacks; yet, on the whole, it was a productive year, and it could not be thought unfair to reckon our steady yearly income according to that year, 1793.
Mr. Ames then produced a statement of income, viz.
   INCOME. Dolls.     Duties on imports and tonnage (net) 5,500,000   On internal objects, 780,000   Net produce of the Post Office, 20,000   Surplus of dividends on Bank Stock, 50,000   6,350,000  
   EXPENDITURE, viz.     Interest on public debt, foreign and domestic, 3,100,000   On temporary loans, 100,000   Support of government, 500,000   Military department, including military pensions, 1,500,000   Naval department, 400,000   Light House establishments, 24,000   Excess of income, beyond expenditure, 726,000   6,350,000  
If, said Mr. Ames, we apply six hundred thousand dollars to redeem the redeemable part of the six per cent. stock, we shall have only 125,000 dollars left.
Will any one deny that this dependence is unsafe; that at any rate the operation is frittered down to a contemptible scale. If trade should fluctuate, as it may to a very considerable degree, as much as it never fails to do after a raging war has terminated, if the reduced price of our exports, which on the event of peace is inevitable, should reduce our imports—and that is the most natural effect in the world; if new expenses, to which all affairs are liable, should arise, even this puny plan of reducing our debt, would be arrested in its progress.
The statement I have submitted, rejects fractions, and makes no pretensions to absolute correctness. In substance, however, it exhibits such a view of our income and expenditure, as I believe cannot be invalidated.
It has been insisted, that the question of the temporary taxes, and, therefore, the argument is misapplied. This is merely an evasion of the force of it, for is it not the very question before us, whether we will adopt a plan for the reduction of the public debt; and whether we will apply to the yearly operation of that plan till the year 1801, these very taxes? The end is, at least in appearance, agreed on, and we are now looking for the means of effecting it. This is, therefore, precisely the moment to chuse, or reject these taxes, as the means; and, in order to induce us to reject them, have not those who say the repeal is not in debate, insisted the taxes alluded to are unfit means; that they are dangerous to liberty, because they are in nature of excises; dangerous to manufactures, which should not be taxed in their infancy, oppressive and ruinous; and yet they urge, the repeal is not brought ever so remotely under consideration—nay, they tell us after all this, they were passed on experiment, and they reserve themselves to wait the result of that trial. Are they who so loudly condemn the temporary revenues, and, on such serious grounds, affecting to waver, and to keep in balance till the end of the term for which they were appointed to operate? One advocate for experiment, assured us, in the last session, when they passed that, now liberty was lost forever. Does he desire time to bring himself to a liking of the assassins of liberty?
I wave the idea of the known consequence which produced the limitation of these acts to two years. Let the full force of the plea so often urged, that they were passed on trial; be assayed. For whom was the experiment intended? for the public, or for the sugar refiners and snuff makers—and was it to prove, that they like or do not like the tax? Did any one, who saw their committee, expect they would in two years prefer the tax to no tax? Or was the experiment intended for other reasons? If the money was not likely to be wanted at all, it would be one good cause for dropping the taxes; or, if the mode of levying the tax was new, and uncertain, it would be proper to limit the act, in order to produce a revision and improvement of it in that respect. Was the limitation tacked to

the bills, to see whether they were proper objects of taxation? And was it really doubtful, whether snuff and loaf sugar were proper to be taxed? What could be more proper? One is the most trivial of all luxuries; and the other, (loaf sugar) is almost, if not quite, exclusively consumed by the class of citizens who have some pretensions to wealth. Yet when we press hard for a substitute, instead of the snuff and sugar revenue, we are, with a face of solemnity, advised to tax the land. May I trust my senses? Is it possible for persons to call the taxes on snuff and loaf sugar, oppression—and the land tax, relief? Is it possible to think of taking the tax from the snuff box, and the tea pot, to put it on the plough?
If, however, that is intended, as gentlemen assure us it is, there is no time to be lost. It will take two years to organize such a tax, and get it into the Treasury. If a land tax is to be the substitute, the question, therefore, really is—Shall we repeal the taxes in question? If there had been any doubt before, there can be none in the opinion of those who prefer the land tax.
The interests of the manufacturers have been strenuously urged, and no one would listen with more attention to any suggestion of injury on their part. If there is a point on which I am more an enthusiast than another, it is on the policy and duty of encouraging manufactures, and on every occasion where their interests have appeared to be affected, my voice has been heard.
But how is the suggested injury to happen? Is the capital of the manufacturers drawn from them to pay the duties? The case of those who pay duties is the reverse. The credits allowed are such as to leave the public money in their hands. Their complaints on that head, if they have any, may be easily satisfied, by extending the term of credit.
Another allegation is that the consumption of the articles is diminished in consequence of the duty. One of the snuff manufacturers assured me they were not so weak as to imagine the consumers would not repay them. Will the consumers of loaf sugar be terrified by the exorbitant duty of two cents to the pound? Will they treat themselves with brown sugar? Of all tyrants, fashion is the most inexorable. I tell the gentlemen who dread the brown sugar reform, it is not possible. It is not creditable to substitute brown sugar in the place of loaf, in consequence of the duty, any more than for the same gentlemen to wear frocks and trousers and leather aprons on account of the impost on superfine cloth.
There is one other view of the interests of the manufacturers. Possibly the mode of levying the tax may be inconvenient and vexatious. If that be the case, who doubts the readiness of Congress to conciliate the interests and even the prejudices of the concerned? Surely not those who remember with what extreme solicitude Congress attempted to reconcile the Country to the excise. Surely those who oppose the taxes will not expect the Eastern members, where manufactures are the most extensive and numerous to be the opposers of any plan of accommodation of the manufacturers. They are perfectly sure, and ever have been, of our concurrence in such amendments, and why would they wish to keep the laws hung up in uncertainty for two years.
It is to secure the power of the next Congress, and why not of the next Congress after that, which perhaps may be better still. And why on that ground should any law be passed to continue longer than an Almanac? Is this the idea to be inculcated of the reign of laws, that gentlemen tell us by passing an act for more than two years, we part with our power. And what is the import of this new fashioned jargon of a power over the laws instead of the power of the laws. The power to pass laws is not a personal prerogative, it is a public trust, and when the common good, when the attainment of a great advantage for our country, such as the progressive reduction of the debt requires a law for ten years or even longer, is it an argument to say that thus we may lose our personal importance and prerogative?
Shifting unsteady laws are a public evil, and they are always felt as such by the dealers in the taxed articles. The first effect of a tax is a little to fluctuate and derange the business of the dealers, but soon the current finds its way again, and the tax becomes a part of the price, a part of the settled order of things, which a hasty repeal would derange anew. This argument it is said requires that all revenue laws should be permanent. Where there is a permanent occasion for taxes and the proper objects
of taxation are known to be selected, the fluctuation of the revenue laws would be an evil and therefore it would be proper to make them permanent. But when the call of taxes is temporary or the mode of collection untried, the limitation of the bill to a short period may be no less proper. This objection therefore deserves little attention.
One objection is scarcely intelligible. Why will you urge the permanency of taxes for temporary objects, such as war establishments, frigates, &c. The answer is, the appropriation is intended for the debt; for an object that will last, we fear, much longer than the year 1811, the term proposed for the taxes. The taxes are not to be made permanent, nor are the objects of their application temporary. The objectors are wrong in fact.
They are no less mistaken in principle. The temporary taxes were during the last session charged with an appropriation of twelve hundred thousand dollars, and one million of dollars also, for the foreign intercourse. These sums are to be satisfied out of the product of the temporary taxes, and the President is authorized by law to borrow on the credit of those funds. The public faith is solemnly pledged, and in express words (see the appropriation act passed the ninth of June 1794) to provide for the principal and interest out of the proceeds of these very taxes, or to substitute other adequate funds in their stead. These taxes are charged in this manner by law, and if we refuse to renew the acts we are sacredly bound to provide substituted revenues.
Every one knows, that these taxes will not free themselves from the charge in the two years.
How then can gentlemen prevail upon their good sense, to assert that by continuing the tax laws, the manufacturers are deluded and deceived, when the cause and necessity for such continuance appears on the face of the statute book. How above all things can they say, that it is a breach of the public faith to extend them to 1811, when unfortunately for the assertor, the public faith is in express words pledged to continue them, or to provide other funds. The assertion has been a subject of no little curiosity, under circumstances so singularly adapted to its confutation.
My own view of the importance of hastening the reduction of the debt, has led me to suggest answers to as many of the objections as I can recollect, I notice them as they happen to occur to me. One appeal to our pity is made on the score, that we have not yet paid the interest due to the public for the tax. Why not? If we do not, it is the tax will fall, as others do, on the consumers? Do the same objectors desire a relinquishment of the duty on molasses, because it is dear, and yet the manufacture of New England Rum is unfortunately from various causes in a languishing state. Foreign goods are dear, and yet they are taxed. All articles are becoming dear, and the blind rule contended for would be doubly wrong, if adopted, on account of its necessary partiality.
If we regard the experience of other nations, we shall not find cause to dread the destruction of manufactures in consequence of taxes. Has England exempted them, and yet where do they flourish more? The truth is, in an increasing thriving society, the taxes are absorbed and distributed over the whole mass of the community. No problem has been often debated than where the taxes ultimately fall, and yet experience has invariably refuted the gloomy anticipations of interested theory. The language that infant manufactures are not to be crushed is more declaratory than correct. They are not to be crushed, nor will the manufactures of snuff and loaf sugar fall, if the operation of the tax should be like that of other taxes, or of similar taxes in other countries.
But it is really desired wholly to exempt the loaf sugar from tax, now the duty on the foreign article has secured an effectual monopoly to the home refiners? Shall the four cents remain on the foreign loaf sugar, and nothing on the home made? If the price should in that event keep up, the consumers would still pay the tax, after it's repaid, although the money would not go into the treasury, but into the pockets of the refiners. I wish their prosperity, but they are too candid and patriotic to desire such an advantage.
A great object is before us, and if after all, its attainment shall appear to be obstructed by much seeming and some real difficulty and embarrassment, still we owe it to our country as well as to our own engagements to proceed. Let us endeavour to overcome the prejudices of the over apprehensive, and to conciliate the interests of the manufacturers with that of the public. In our other taxes we suppose it is done and why should it be despaired of in this case. Greater difficulties than any that a calm and unprejudiced mind will discern in the plan before us ought to be expected, and readily acquiesced in, rather than to abandon the great object of freeing the nation from debt. It is worth some exertion and some sacrifice. If we should effect it, my hopes of the destinies of our government would brighten. There is nothing in the magnitude of the debt to discourage us, and still less in the propitious circumstances and good dispositions
of our citizens. It depends on ourselves whether we realize their expectations by acting in conformity with our own professions.
[Debate to be continued.]
Foreign Intelligence.
LONDON, November 8.
The progress of the French army on the Upper Rhine is dreadful and alarming. Coblenz fell into their hands on the 23d ult. besides Bingen, St. Goar, and other places on the Rhine. Their two posts were only at the distance of two leagues from Mentz, against which they were advancing in three columns. This place has actually a garrison of 19 thousand men, and a most formidable train of artillery.
The whole of the Prussian army has crossed the Rhine, and 10,000 Prussians garrison the City of Frankfort, where the greatest consternation prevails. These alarming movements have also induced the Elector Palatine to sue for peace, and the interference of Denmark and Sweden, as neutral powers, has been proposed for this purpose.
The head quarters of the Prussian General Moellendorff, were at Hockheim on the 21st ult. 20,000 men of the Prussian army of the Rhine were hourly expected to march to the frontiers of Poland and Silesia, and 15,000 to Wesel, to defend the Prussian possessions in Westphalia. Mentz and the Palatinate are therefore defended entirely by the Palatinate and the Austrian troops.
Our letters from Haerlem of the 3d inst. give the following account of the environs of Holland.
At Heddikhuizen, in the environs of Heusden, the French have erected batteries to molest the Allied troops, but they being out of reach are of no effect.
The garrison of Venlo, reduced to only 900 able men, from 4000, which was their number at the surrender of that place, is arrived at Boxtel. The express condition upon which they capitulated is not to serve in defence of Nimeguen.
The garrison of Venlo made an unsuccessful sortie on the 21st, in which they had three officers wounded, and 59 non-commissioned officers and privates killed. The French, however, continued their works: and their fire having killed the greater part of the brave garrison, a capitulation was finally concluded on the 20th ult.
On the fifth article of the capitulation, respecting the emigration, having been refused by the Dutch Commandant, who said he would rather defend the place to the last extremity; the French Gen. Laurent, who commanded the siege, agreed to his demand.
Nimeguen has been greatly re-inforced and strengthened: the Duke of York has sent some additional troops into the town, and a few days ago six battalions of Dutch Artillerists marched in with a large supply of provisions, ammunition, &c. The garrison consisted of 14,000 men.
A bridge has been thrown across the Rhine at Wesel, by which the Austrians were to pass on Tuesday last, and on Wednesday the concerted attack was to be made. Gen. Werneck, at the head of a thousand horse, was to make a diversion in that quarter, to draw off the attention of the enemy, while the real attack should be made.
The Duke of Brunswick has arrived at Nimeguen, and taken upon him the command of the allied army employed in the defence of Holland.
In Holland every thing is quiet. The French opened their trenches before Nimeguen only, on Saturday night last, but on Tuesday had not begun to fire upon the town.
On Wednesday last, a sortie was to be made from Nimeguen, for the purpose of destroying the enemy's works. In this the garrison were to be assisted by twenty-five thousand Austrians who now co-operate with the Duke of York.
PHILADELPHIA, Jan. 22.
The late hour at which the Post from the Eastward arrived, prevents our detailing at large the contents of the papers received. Three arrivals, one at Newport, from Hamburgh, of 8th November—one at Plymouth, from Dunkirk, of the 10th—the other, from Nantz, all bring a report of the surrender of Maastricht to the French.
ABIEL FOSTER, Esq. is elected a Member of the House of Representatives of the United States, by a large majority.
From Portland we learn that Mr.
Wadsworth had 141, and Mr. Wedge-ry 49 votes at the second election for federal Representative—scattering votes 13.
London accounts to the 14th Nov. say, That PEACE was concluded between Prussia and France, the 12th of October; and between the latter and Spain, on the 18th of October—and Negotiations for Peace, between the Emperor and France, were actually carrying on in Paris.
That the Russians have taken Warsaw by storm. That the gallant Kosciuszko died of his wounds a few days after he was taken; that after his death, his head was severed from his body, and carried on a pike thro' the ranks of the Russian army.
Translated for the Aurora.
FROM PARIS PAPERS, CHALONS SUR-SAONE, 19th Vendimaire.
The representatives of the people in the department of Ain and of the Saone and Loire, to the National Convention.
Another triumph citizens, colleagues! The age of liberty elevates the mind and vivifies the power of genius.
While the watchful aeroft continues to second our arms, whilst the ingenious telegraph transmits to us with the rapidity of lightning at once the towering flights of our glory and the disgrace of our enemies, whilst the rapacious English, devoured by rage, behold with envy our successful discoveries, and contemplate with fear and despair the fall of ambitious conspirators; in a word, while the British cabinet exhausts its resources in crime and vain projects a Frenchman dares to conceive the bold plan of braving the billows and penetrating into the profound abysses in which the Rhone is swallowed up.
The tri-colour flag has been made to wave in the bowels of the earth. Eight brave watermen of Scyssel have accompanied the brave Rollfel, the engineer, put into requisition by the committee of public safety. The Rhone has submitted to the yoke in its precipices which the eye cannot pierce from the summit of those stupendous rocks from whence confined and foaming to get free it disappears and is lost in horrid gulphs. Let tyrants and their slaves relinquish the vain hope of subjugating a nation of heroes, victors of nature.
In the auspicious moment when you restored to genius, when the arts began to breathe the pure air of the republic for which they were created, nine patriots conquered the gulph of Belle-garde and subjected the rage of the Rhone to the control of the republican trident. This vast river, navigable in all parts will soon give new vigour to commerce and double the wealth of the republic.
By this Day's Mail.
NEW-YORK, Jan. 21.
At a Meeting of Tammany Society or Columbian Order, held in Tammany Hall, on Monday Evening the 19th Jan. 1795.
Resolved, That it is the opinion of this Society, that the President of the United States, in using his best endeavours to support on all occasions the laws and constitution of these States, entitles him to the warmest thanks, and fullest approbation of every lover of their prosperity and happiness.
Resolved, That a committee of three be appointed to draft an address to the citizens of the United States, and publish the same.
PRICE OF STOCKS.
  6 per Cent 19 3/4   3 per Cent 11 1/4   Deferred 13 3/4   Bank of the United States 24 1-2   Pennsylvania 25   North America, 40 
*** The following errors of the press occurred, in the letter in the second page of yesterday's paper—line 22d for broadside, read crocodile—line 30, for releas'd, read relieved—line 79, for wasting, read worming.
WANTED,
An Apprentice To the Watch making and Repairing Business
APPLY TO C. Campbell, No. 73, South Fourth Street, two doors from Market Street.
Jan. 19 22wtf
We hear, that at a late meeting of the proprietors of the German School House, on motion a vote passed by a large majority, that no political Societies or Clubs, should in future hold their meetings in said School House.
Arrivals at New-York.
Sloop Lion, Raymond, St. Croix The brig William, Capt. Edwards, from Liverpool, put into Belfast, for ballast, and failed from thence on the 17th of November, for Philadelphia.
NEW THEATRE.
On Friday Evening,
JANUARY 23.
Will be Presented
THE TRAGEDY of
Richard the IIIrd.
  King Henry VI.  Mr. Whitlock    Prince Edward,  Master Warrell    Duke of York,  Master T. Warrell    Duke of Gloucester,  Mr. Chalmers    Duke of Buckingham,  Mr. Wignell    Earl of Richmond,  Mr. Moreton    Duke of Norfolk,  Mr. Warrell    Ratcliff,  Mr. Francis    Catesby,  Mr. Clereland    Tresel,  Mr. Marshall    Oxford,  Mr. Blissett    Lieutenant of the Tower,  Mr. Harwood    Lord Stanley,  Mr. Green    Lord Mayor,  Mr. Bates    Tyrell,  Mr. De Moulin  
  Queen Elizabeth,  Mrs. Morris    Lady Anne,  Mrs. Francis    Duchess of York,  Mrs. Shaw  
To which will be added, The COMIC OPERA of
The Deserter.
Ladies and Gentlemen are requested to send their servants to keep places by five o'clock, and order them, as soon as the company are seated, to withdraw, as they cannot on any account be permitted to remain.
No money or tickets to be returned, nor any person on any account whatsoever, admitted behind the scenes.
Tickets and places for the Boxes to be taken of Mr. Wells, at the Theatre, from ten till one, and on days of performance from ten till three o'clock.
Also at Rice's Bookstore, No. 50, and Carey's No. 118. Market Street.
Box one Dollar—Pitt 3/4 of a Dollar—and Gallery 1/2 a dollar.
The public are respectfully informed, that till further notice, doors will be opened at five and the performance begin at six o'clock, precisely.
Vivat Republica!
To be Sold,
A VALUABLE
Tract of Land,
BEING that part of the city of New Brunswick that lies in the county of Somerset and state of New Jersey. It contains upwards of 600 acres of very valuable land and is bounded on the south by the public road that leads from New York to Philadelphia for near two miles, on the east by the river Raritan for near a mile, and lays in a triangular form. Building Lots on several streets in this part of the town sell from five to ten dollars and two thirds a foot front, and the extension of Albany Street, which the situation admits of for at least half a mile, will open a new source for very pleasant & commodious situations for dwelling houses. A considerable space along the river is well calculated for building store-houses and wharves, and affords a seat for a Grist Mill on the bank of the river, which may be supplied with water from the Mile-Run by a subterraneous passage already dug, where vessels of 300 barrels burthen may conveniently load and unload. There are now on the premises a good Farmhouse and two large barns, a commodious new Dwelling House two stories high, 42 by 34 feet square, intended and well calculated for a store, with very good cellars under the whole, and a kitchen 30 by 20 feet square, a new wharf of 80 feet front, and a well built store house of 40 by 26 feet square and three stories high, and a quarry of building stone on the premises.
New Brunswick, one of the most flourishing places in New Jersey, lying at the head of the navigation of the River Raritan, is the magazine for the reception of the produce of a very extensive and fertile country, and is well situated for vending every kind of imported merchandise for supplying the country. The easy transportation of every kind of produce and manufacture from thence to New York by water, its situation on the post road through the state, and its vicinity to Perth Amboy, one of the best seaports in the state, render it an object worthy the attention of persons who have the means and know how to improve a situation so well calculated for commerce or manufacture.
The premises will be shown by John Parker or James Cole, at New Brunswick, and the terms and conditions of sale, made known by
James Parker, Of Perth Amboy.
Jan. 19 22wtf

Landing at Willing's Wharf , CLARET Of the first Quality in Hogsheads and Casks, HIGH ROOF Cogniac Brandy, White Wine Vinegar, Port Wine, Alicant Wines, red & white FOR SALE BY John Vaughan. Dec. 23 d
 This day is Published, (Price a quarter of a Dollar) Slaves in Algiers: OR A Struggle for Freedom: A PLAY, Interpersed with Songs, in three acts. Inscribed to the Citizens of the United States of North America. By Mrs. Rowson. As performed at the New Theatres in Phi- ladelphia and Baltimore.    Extract from the Preface. "My chief aim has been, to offer to the public a Dramatic Entertainment, which, while it might excite a smile, or call forth the tear of sensibility, might contain no one sentiment, in the least prejudicial, to the moral or political principles of the go- vernment under which I live. On the con- trary, it has been my end, to place the social virtues in the fairest point of view, and held up to merited contempt and ridicule, their opposite vices. If, in this attempt, I have been the least success- ful, I shall reap the reward which I ap- pire, in the smiles and approbation of a li- beral public." S.M. by M. Carey, No. 128, and Rice & Co. No. 52, High Street; S. Campbell, No. 54, South Second Street; and Wrigley & Beiman, No. 149, Chestnut Street. Jan. 5 2awtf    The Stockholders IN THE Insurance Company of North America, Are hereby informed that upon the set- tlement of the interest arising from the ca- pital stock of the Company, and the pro- fits of their business, the Directors have agreed to declare a Dividend of Fifty Cents on each share for the last half year. Ebenezer Hazard, Secretary. Jan. 12 dtr    James M'Alpin, Taylor, No. 3, SOUTH FOURTH STREET, Returns his grateful acknowledgements to his friends and the public for their lib- eral encouragement, and begs leave re- spectfully to solicit a Continuance of their Favours. At his Shop Gentlemen can be furnished with the best materials, and have them made up and finished in the neatest and most fashionable manner. He will thankfully receive any orders & pay prompt and punctual attention to them. Oct. 25 2awtf    Parry & Musgrave, Goldsmiths, Jewellers and Hair-Workers, No. 42, South Second Street, Have received by the Pigeon from London an ASSORTMENT of    Plated japanned ware Jewellery & Cutlery, viz. Plated and Japan'd Tea Urns Plated and Japan'd Parent Lamps Casters and Liquor Frames Bread and Fruit Baskets Japan'd Tea Trays Plated coffee and Tea Pots and canes Ditto Candlesticks A variety of elegant and most fashionable Ear-rings Enamell'd and other Bracelets, Brace- pins, and Finger Rings Thimbles, enamell'd and other kinds Ladies and gentlemen's gold, gilt, and steel Watch chains Gold and gilt Seals and Keys Stone and fine steel Knee Buckles, Pen- knives and scissors, with Variety of other Articles, In the above Branches. Dec. 6 eodtf    Dancing School. Wm. M'DOUGALL presents his com- pliments to the Public—Thanks them for the great encouragement he has experi- enced these twenty odd years. He will open his School for this Season on Monday the 13th October, at 10 o'clock in the morning, in that large and elegant Saloon in Harmony Street, leading from Third to Fourth Street, turning the corner of No. 70, South Third Street. His Employers may be assured, the strict order and decorum that has always been observed in his School, shall still be pur- sued—and that their children will be taught in the most approved and modern style. Note—An Evening School for young Gentlemen. Oct 10 2awtf    FOR SALE BY John D. Blanchard, At his Stores, in Third Street, 66 P I P E S Choice TENERIFFE WINE, of superior quality, Cognac Brandy in pipes 50 Cases of Claret of a superior quality subject to drawback. Bison Tea Kettles, a large assortment Shot of all sizes and numbers Barr Lead, Lead in pigs Ruslia Sheetings Women's Stuff Shoes by the quantity Cutt Nails Rho Island Cheese And a large and elegant assortment of European and India GOODS, At the most reduced Prices. Nov. 25 2awtf    Forty Dollars Reward. RAN away from the subscribers in Woodbury, Gloucester County, New Jer- sey, on Sunday morning the 12th instant, Two young Negro Fellows, named Jack and Tom, each about 20 years of age; Jack is of a dark black colour and a four look; Tom is of an open counte- nance, of a yellowish colour, and much disposed to laugh. They are sprightly active fellows, and but little short of six feet high; they were both well dressed; Jack had on a blue broad cloth coat and different kinds of clothes. Whoever takes up said servants, and secures them in any goal in the United States, so that their masters may get them again shall receive the above reward and reasonable expenses. John Sparks, Andrew Hunter. Oct. 14 2awtf    FRESH Bohea Tea, AND GIN in Pipes, Now Landing from on board the ship Peggy, John Elliott master, from Amsterdam. Also Imported by the late Arrivals, Russia Hemp, first quality Ditto Sail Duck Ditto Ravens Duck Brown Ruslia Sheetings Ticklenburgs Oznaburgs Brown Flanders Sheetings Hollands and Brown Rolls Cotton Stripes and Checks Flanders Bedticks Holland Sail Duck Seine Twine Dutch Great Coats Gin in cases Madder Window Glass, 8 by 10 Jemima Bark Opium Alistatida German Steel Mill and Cross-cut Saws Hoes and Cutting Knives Synthes and Skates Coffee Mills Black Lead Crucibles Anchors from 3 cwt. to 15 cwt. And a General Assortment of 5-4 & 6-4 Bouling Cloth, FOR SALE BY Pragers & Co. Nov. 11 d    Fresh Teas, OF SUPERIOR QUALITY, viz. Imperial, or Gunpowder Hylon Gomee, 1st quality Hylon, 2d. do. do. Young Hylon, Hylon Skin, and Soucoung. A few Boxes of each, for sale at No. 19, Third Street south. Dec. 10 eodtf  Ticklenburgs, Oznaburgs, and Glass Ware, Landing from on board the ship Peggy , from Amsterdam. ALSO, Coffee of prime Quality In hogsheads and tiersces, Muscovado Sugars In hogsheads, German Steel, ASSORTED WOOLLENS, In small Bales, &c. for sale by Rundle & Murgatroyd, No. 11, Walnut street wharf. Who want to purchase 300 or 400 Casks Good Flaxseed. Nov. 11 31awtf    Bank of the United States. January 5th. 1795. Notice is hereby given, that there will be paid at the Bank after the 15th instant to the Stockholders or their re- presentatives duly authorised, Sixteen Dol- lars for each share, being the dividend de- clared for the last six months. By order of the President and Directors, John Kean, Cashier. Jan. 5. mw&sim    Inland Navigation. In the Press and speedily will be published by Zachariah Poulson jun. No. 80, Chestnut Street, A HISTORICAL ACCOUNT OF THE Rise, progress, and present state OF THE Canal Navigation in Penn- sylvania. With an Appendix, containing Abstracts of the Acts of the Legislature since the year 1792, and their Grants of Money for im- proving Roads and Navigable Waters throughout the state—of which is an- nexed, "An Explanatory Map." Published by Direction of the President and Managers of the Schuylkill and Susque- hanna, and the Delaware and Schuylkill Navigation Companies. "Here smooth CANALS, across the extend- ed plain Stretch their long arms to join the distant main. The tons of toil, with many a weary stroke Scoop the hard bottom of the solid rock; Resistless through the ill-oppoing clay, With steady patience, work their gradual way; Compel the Genius of the unwilling flood Through the brown horrors of the aged wood; Cross the lone waste the silver urn they pour; And cheer the barren heath, or fallen moor. The traveller, with pleasing wonder sees The white fall gleaming through the dusky trees; And views the alter'd landscape with sur- prize And doubts the magic scenes that round him rise. Now like a flock of swans, above his head, Their woven wings the flying vessels spread Now meeting streams, in artful maze, glide While each, unmingled, pours a separate tide; Now, through the hidden veins of earth they flow And visit sulphurous mines and caves be- low. The ductile streams obey the guiding hand, And social Plenty crowns the HAPPY LAND. Jan. 19 2awtf    Scheme of a Lottery, To raise 30,000 Dollars, on 266,000 Dollars Deductions 15 per Cent. from the Prizes— This Lottery consists of 266,000 Tickets, in which there are 14,531 Prizes, and 23,164 Blanks, being about one and an half blanks to a Prize. THE Directors of the Society for establish- ing Useful Manufactures, having resolved to erect LOTTERIES for raising ONE HUNDRED THOUSAND DOLLARS, agreeably to an Act of the Legislature of the State of New Jersey, have appointed the following persons to superintend and direct the draw- ing of the same, viz. Nicholas Low, Rufus King, Herman Le Roy, James Watson, Richard Harrison, Abijah Hammond, and Cornelius Ray, of the city of New York— Thomas Willing, Joseph Ball, Matthew Mc- Connell and Andrew Bayard, of the city of Philadelphia—His Excellency Richard How- ell, Esq. Elias Boudinot, General Elias Day- ton, James Parker, John Bayard, Doctor Lewis Donham, Samuel W. Stockton, John M. Wallace, Joseph Bloomfield, and Eliza Bondinot, of New Jersey, who offer the following Scheme of a Lottery, and pledge themselves to the public, that they will take every assurance and precaution in their power to have the Monies paid by the Managers, from time to time, as received, into the Banks at New York and Philadelphia, to remain for the purpose of paying Prizes, which shall be immediately discharged by a check upon one of the Banks. S C H E M E: 1 Prize of 20,000 Dollars is 20,000 1 do 10,000 10,000 1 do 5,000 5,000 2 do 2,000 4,000 10 do 1,000 10,000 20 do 500 10,000 100 do 100 10,000 500 do 50 25,000 1000 do 20 20,000 2000 do 15 30,000 3000 do 12 36,000 4000 do 10 40,000 14,531 Prizes. 262,000 23,164 Blanks. Full drawn number, 2,000 Last drawn number, 2,000 266,000 Tickets at a Dollar each is 266,000 The drawing will commence, under the inspection of a Committee of the Superin- tendents, as soon as the Tickets are sold, of which timely notice will be given. The Superintendents have appointed John N. Cumming, of Newark, Jacob R. Har- denberg, of New Brunswick, and Jonathan Rhea, of Trenton, as immediate Managers thereof, who have given ample security for discharging the trust reposed in them. In order to secure the punctual pay- ment of the Prizes, the Superintendents of the Lottery have directed that the Managers shall each enter into bonds in 45,000 dollars, with four sufficient securities, to perform their instructions, the substance of which is That if the sum of Three Hundred Dol- lars, be paid immediately, place the same in one of the Banks of New York or Philadel- phia, to the credit of the Governor of the Society, and such of the Superintendents as are in the city where the monies are placed, to remain there until the Lottery is drawn, for the payment of the Prizes. II. The Managers to take sufficient se- curity for any Tickets they may sell, other- wise to be responsible for them. III. To keep regular books of Tickets sold, Monies received and paid into the Bank, abstracts of which shall be sent, monthly, to the Governor of the Society. Paterson, January 3, 1795. On application to either of the above gen- tlemen, information will be given where tickets may be had.    S C H E M E OF THE LOTTERY, No. II. FOR THE IMPROVEMENT OF THE FEDERAL CITY. A magnificent 20,000 Dollars, and dwelling house, 5 cash 30,000 are 1 ditto 15,000 & cash 25,000 40,000 1 ditto 15,000 & cash 15,000 30,000 1 ditto 10,000 & cash 10,000 20,000 1 ditto 5,000 & cash 5,000 10,000 1 ditto 5,000 & cash 5,000 10,000 1 Cash prize of 10,000 10,000 2 ditto 5,000 each, are 10,000 10 ditto 1,000 10,000 20 ditto 500 10,000 100 ditto 100 10,000 500 ditto 50 25,000 1000 ditto 25 25,000 1,000 ditto 20 20,000 15,000 ditto 10 150,000 16,739 Prizes 23,261 Blanks 50,000 Tickets at 8 dollars 400,000 This Lottery will afford an elegant spec- imen of the private buildings to be erected in the City of Washington—Two beautiful de- signs are already laid for the entire fronts on two of the public squares; from these drawings, it is proposed to erect two centre and four corner buildings, as soon as possible after this Lottery is sold, and to convey them when complete, to the fortunate adventurers, in the manner described in the scheme for the Hotel Lottery. A net deduction of five per cent. will be made to defray the neces- sary expenses of printing, &c. and the sur- plus will be made a part of the fund intended for the National University, to be erected within the City of Washington. The drawing will commence as soon as the Tickets are sold on—The money prizes will be payable in thirty days after it is finished, and any prizes for which fortunate numbers are not produced within twelve months after the drawing is closed are to be considered as given towards the fund for the University, it being determined to settle the whole business in a year from the closing of the drawing and to take up the bonds given as security. The real securities given for the payment of the Prizes, are held by the President and two Directors of the Bank of Columbia, and are valued at more than half the amount of the Lottery. The drawing will be under the management of 24 gentlemen approved by the commissioners for the City of Wash- ington, for the time being, and acting on oath.    SAMUEL BLODGET. ** Tickets may be had at the Bank of Columbia; of James Wirt & Co. Baltimore; of Gideon Denton, Savannah; of Peter Gilmán, Boltons; of John Hopkins, Rich- mond; and of Richard Wells, Cooper's Ferry. Aug. 30 eodtf    Wants Employment, A Person who has a tolerable knowledge of CONVEYANCING, a general know- ledge of Accounts and Figures, and writes a good hand. He would engage by the year, either in an Office or Merchant's counting house. A line addressed to J.B. and left at the Office of the Gazette of the United States, will be duly attended to. Jan. 10 eodtf    Lottery No. 2, for the Im- provement of the FEDERAL CITY. GENTLEMEN, desirous of receiving regularly correct slips of the drawing of the Lottery, are hereby informed that, upon their sending forward to the Printers hereof, five dollars each, together with their address, they shall be periodically furnished with such slips, while drawing per- in Supplements to the Columbian Chronicle. This arrangement will be free from the ex- pense of extra postage. Henson and Preble    Samuel Coates. At his Store, No. 82, South Front Street, bath for Sale, 300 Bbls. of Good New-England Beef, 150 kegs, Pickled SALMON, 500 yards of TOW LINEN, A Quantity of Men's coarse SHOES ALL SPICE, &c. 181. mo. 16 eodtf    Bohea Tea. 50 chests Bohea Tea, of supe- rior quality, just received by the Schooner Porgy, from Boston. FOR SALE BY Nalbro' & John Frazier, Nos. 81, Walnut Street. Dec. 27 mw&sqw    City of Washington. S C H E M E OF THE LOTTERY, No. II. FOR THE IMPROVEMENT OF THE FEDERAL CITY. A magnificent 20,000 Dollars, and dwelling house, 5 cash 30,000 are 1 ditto 15,000 & cash 25,000 40,000 1 ditto 15,000 & cash 15,000 30,000 1 ditto 10,000 & cash 10,000 20,000 1 ditto 5,000 & cash 5,000 10,000 1 ditto 5,000 & cash 5,000 10,000 1 Cash prize of 10,000 10,000 2 ditto 5,000 each, are 10,000 10 ditto 1,000 10,000 20 ditto 500 10,000 100 ditto 100 10,000 500 ditto 50 25,000 1000 ditto 25 25,000 1,000 ditto 20 20,000 15,000 ditto 10 150,000 16,739 Prizes 23,261 Blanks 50,000 Tickets at 8 dollars 400,000 This Lottery will afford an elegant spec- imen of the private buildings to be erected in the City of Washington—Two beautiful de- signs are already laid for the entire fronts on two of the public squares; from these drawings, it is proposed to erect two centre and four corner buildings, as soon as possible after this Lottery is sold, and to convey them when complete, to the fortunate adventurers, in the manner described in the scheme for the Hotel Lottery. A net deduction of five per cent. will be made to defray the neces- sary expenses of printing, &c. and the sur- plus will be made a part of the fund intended for the National University, to be erected within the City of Washington. The drawing will commence as soon as the Tickets are sold on—The money prizes will be payable in thirty days after it is finished, and any prizes for which fortunate numbers are not produced within twelve months after the drawing is closed are to be considered as given towards the fund for the University, it being determined to settle the whole business in a year from the closing of the drawing and to take up the bonds given as security. The real securities given for the payment of the Prizes, are held by the President and two Directors of the Bank of Columbia, and are valued at more than half the amount of the Lottery. The drawing will be under the management of 24 gentlemen approved by the commissioners for the City of Wash- ington, for the time being, and acting on oath.    PROPOSALS For publishing a Work, entitled THE Federal Politician, Written by JAMES PH. BUGLIA, Author of the Spanish Work, entitled Man Undeceived, &c. Are respectfully submitted to the Citizens of the United States. Est modus in rebus sunt certi denique fines Quos ultra citraque nequit consistere rectum. Horat. Sat. 2, pag. 359.    CONTENTS. Chap. 1. Government—its origin, pro- gress, &c. 2. Federal Government—its establish- ment, energy, excellence, &c. 3. Justice of the Federal Government in claiming the support of every American citizen. 4. Officers of the Federal Government —their qualification, election, duties, &c. 5. Federalism and Anti-Federalism com- pared. 6. Political Societies—their objects, sys- tem, proceedings, &c. Conclusion.    Conditions. 1st. It will contain at less than 200 pa- ges of paper, to be printed on a handsome type and fine paper. 2d. Subscribers' names will be inserted as patrons with the respective number of copies in distinct order. 3d. Subscriptions at a dollar per copy neatly bound, to be paid on delivery of the book. 4th. When 300 subscriptions are obtain- ed, the work will be put to press, and every subscriber for four copies will be entit- led to a fifth gratis. 5th. If the number required be not com- pleted within two months from the present date, no such allowance will be made, and in case of publication the price to non- subscribers will be raised. Subscriptions are received by Mr. Francis Bailey, No. 116, High Street, Mor- reux de St. Mary, at the corner of Walnut and Front Streets, Thomas Dobson, and the principal Bookellers in this city; by Messrs Messrs Robert Hodge of New York; Thomas and Andrews, Boston; Yand & Brown, Baltimore; Augustine Davis, Rich- mond; and Peter Freneau, Charleston, S. C. Philadelphia, Jan. 5th. 1795. 1-34    A FEW COPIES Of the celebrated Performance under the Signature of M A N L I U S, May be had of John Ormrod, No. 41, Ches- nut Street. Price—25 CENTS.    C O F F E E, 54 hogsheads } 120,000 lbs. 350 barrels } Just arrived in the Rebecca, Captain Hughes, from Jamaica. FOR SALE BY Peter Blight. Who has also now landing out of the Mer- cury, from Oporto, Choice Red Port Wine, IN PIPES. Dec. 22 d    To be Sold, AT PRIVATE SALE, A very pleasant well situated & valuable Farm, CONTAINING 328 acres of good Land, lying in Hanover, Morris county, N. Jer- sey, about 1 mile from Mr. White's Meet- ing House, on the road leading to Bottle Hill, about 16 miles from Elizabeth Town, 13 from Newark, and 8 from Morris-town. There are on the Premises a large and convenient dwelling house, large barn, cy- der house and mill, a good granary and o- ther out houses. Likewise a good bearing apple orchard, containing about 300 trees, together with a collection of best pruned fruit, such as peaches, pears, cherries, &c. Said Farm is well proportioned with clear land, meadow and timber; there are now about 10 acres of plow land and 60 of mead- ow already cleared, the remainder being timber and pasture land. Any person inclining to purchase, may know the terms by applying to the Sub- scriber on the premises, or to Col. Ellis Cook near the farm. Thomas T. Eckley. Hanover, Dec. 27 2awtf    Carpets & Carpeting. Best British Ingrain Carpets & Carpeting Do. Scotch, Ingrain and common Do. Green, Brown, Yellow & Black Ground Furniture chintzes, white Rus- sia sheetings, Dimities, &c. For Sale by JOSEPH TURNER, No. 4, north Third Street. Jan. 7 2awtf    PHILADELPHIA:—PRINTED BY JOHN FENNO, No. 119, CHESTNUT STREET.—PRICE SIX DOLLARS PER ANNUM.