Lynchburg star (Lynchburg [Va.]), 1806-12-18 00:00:00

LYNCHBURG STAR.
Virginia.)
Published by JAMES GRAHAM.....at three dollars per annum.
(Payable in advance.)
YEAR 2.
Thursday, December 18, 1806.
No. 8.
Foreign.
LATE AND IMPORTANT.
NEW-YORK, November 27.
By the ship Pallas, captain Brown, who left Amsterdam on the 11th of October, the editor of the MERCANTILE ADVERTISER has received Dutch papers to the 9th. They are principally occupied with the movements of those mighty masses of men, who it seems are embodying for the purpose of re-kindling the flames of war upon the continent of Europe.—To this important subject our translations from these papers are confined solely.
Lord Lauderdale, at the date of our latest advices from France, was indisposed at the seat of General Junot, the governor of Paris.
We learn that a new Camp, to be called the camp of Austerlitz, was forming at Zieth.
Four Russian ships of the line and 4 frigates, bound for the Mediterranean anchored at Copenhagen on the 23d September.
The army of Marshal Soult was collecting in the environs of Pilsenhofen and Ingolstadt; that of Marshal Bernadotte, between Nuremberg and Furth; both armies are to be under the command of Bernadotte, and are estimated at 60,000 men. Davoust's army of 30,000 were marching to Anspach as a reinforcement. The corps of Leclerc (formerly Mortier's) consisting of 20,000, were drawing near to Schweinfurt, and that of Marshal Ney was on its march. All the troops which were posted on the Warre are to reinforce the army of Marshal Augereau.
Concerning the movements of Prussia it is stated, in letters from Berlin, of the 30th of September, that no doubt existed there of the speedy commencement of hostilities. In a declaration of France, Prussia is said to have insisted that Bonaparte should withdraw his troops from Germany, that he should not intermeddle in the affairs of the north, and that he should accede to measures for restoring a continental peace.
The army of Saxony consists of 100,000 men.
Baron Jacobi, formerly the Prussian envoy to Great-Britain, left Hamburg for London on the 2d of October.
The last of September the Prussian royal head quarters was removed from Naumburg to Weimar. The corps of Gen. Kalkreuth which faced the Swedes in Swedish Pomerania, has also joined that army; which army of Saxony consists of 150,000 men. On the 2d of October Baron Jacobi, the former Prussian envoy to Great-Britain, left Hamburg for London.
The French papers mention, that 8000 men are immediately expected at Coblenz, to assume a military position round that city. The first detachment of the army of Gen. Oudinot has arrived at Strasburg by the way of the Rhine. There are continual embarkations of troops on the Rhine, which arrive from France to join the Grand Army, whilst all other corps go by water to the same destination.
The Prussian, Russian and French armies are all in motion.
The king of Holland, and suite arrived at Driebergen, the 5th of October, where he reviewed several regiments, the next morning he proceeded to Wezel.
Translated for the Mercantile Advertiser from Dutch papers to the 9th October.
PARIS, October 1.
His majesty the Emperor arrived at Verdun on the 26th September, and reached Metz on the 28th, accompanied by Prince Berghes, marshals Kellerman, Duroc, Augereau, Moncey, Berthier, & a number of others, with 10,000 men.
Hague, October 5.
Letters from Nimwegen state, that several regiments of French and Dutch troops have passed through that city, and
that the army in the neighbourhood will consist of 100,000 men, in two divisions, one of them to be commanded by General Michaud, whose head quarters are at Dierstorf; the other, consisting of the king's guard, horse artillery, &c. by general Dumonceau.
This morning early the king left this place for the army. [He arrived on the same day at Driebergen, reviewed several regiments, and proceeded the next morning to Wintel.]
Amsterdam, October 9.
French papers mention, that 3,000 men are immediately expected at Coblenz where they are immediately to assume a military position round that city. The first detachment of the army of Gen. Oudinot, have arrived at Strasburg by the way of the Rhine. There are continual embarkations of troops on the Rhine, which are constantly arriving from France, to join the grand army, whilst other corps go by water to the same destination.
Posen, (Poland) Sept. 23.
Prussian troops are continually passing through this place for Germany.
Banks of the Nissa, Sept. 24.
The Servians and the Turks had a most desperate battle on the 23th and 30th of August.—The former were surrounded by 15,000 Turks during the action, but being reinforced by 7,000 men, the tide of victory turned in their favor, and they defeated the Turks with great slaughter, leaving upwards of 4,000 dead on the field. They also took 500 horses, a number of mules, ammunition, cannon and many prisoners.
Berlin, September 27.
Laforet, the French ambassador here, has not yet received his passports, though he has discharged most of his servants as a measure preparatory to quitting this city. It is however still hoped that a rupture will be prevented.
Frankfort, September 28.
The Prussian army now in motion is posted in several divisions from East Friesland to the borders of Bohemia, and is said to consist of 250,000 men, exclusive of a powerful militia General Blucher commands the right wing, which can be immediately supported by general Ruchel. The Duke of Brunswick commands the centre, and Prince Hohenlohe the left wing. Besides these officers, there are the Prince of Hesse, Marshal Molendorf, 7 generals and 25 lieutenant generals of cavalry, 100 major generals, 183 colonels, 62 lieutenant colonels, and 666 majors. The annual expenses of this army will be from 22 to 24 millions, which is nearly two thirds of the whole income of the Prussian government. The king's life guard commenced their march from Potsdam on the 31st of August. Some old generals have retired on a pension.
The Prince of Holland demanded from the court of Dresden permission to march the Prussian army through that country, which is to be replaced by an army of Russians.
Report says that General Blucher has marched from Waldeck into Hesse. The arrival of Augereau is waited for with impatience. He is to remove his head quarters from Gressen to Wetzlaer. After to-morrow 12,000 men are expected at Menz, and were also to march to Wetzlaer. The park of heavy artillery of Urm will be stationed in our environs and those of Darmstadt.
Lippe, September 29.
The Prussian corps of reserve under Prince Eugene of Württemberg, formerly posted at Kustrin, defiles along de Spree towards the Saxon frontier, to be near the principal Prussian army.
Brenau, September 16.
The corps of General Soult at this place augmented to 35,000 men.
Dresden, September 23.
The French ambassador mons. Durand, has demanded his passports. The number of Prussian troops posted several days past in the mountains near this city, amount to 60,000 men—the head quarters which was here is now removed to Freiberg, because the troops are advancing. The whole Saxon army is in motion, will
immediately start, except five battalions and two regiments of cavalry that remain behind. The Saxon army is estimated at 25,000 men. It is reported, that the King of Prussia, and the Dukes of Brunswick and Saxon-Walmer are in person here.
Mr. Fox's body was interred on the 10th in Westminster abbey, adjoining the monument of Lord Chatham, and within 18 inches of the grave of Mr. Pitt.
A physician had been sent over to France to accompany Lord Lauderdale home, he being very ill.
Several expeditions were preparing to sail from England.
In consequence of the news of Miranda's having taken Coro, several vessels were preparing to sail from England to the Spanish Main in expectation of Miranda's getting possession of that country.
It is said to be the intention of the Emperor of France to proclaim Jerome Bonaparte King of the Jews.
Louis Napoleon, king of Holland, has taken the field and is assembling an army, which when completed will consist of 80,000 men.
The king of Prussia has left Berlin to put himself at the head of his army.—M. La Forest has demanded passports to leave Prussia, but was informed that he should receive them when Gen. Knobelsdorff, the Russian minister at Paris received his; (Gen. K. left Paris on the 1st of October.) A Russian army of 90,000 men are assembled on the frontiers of Silesia, the eastern part of the Prussian dominions.
The Prussian army is full of enthusiasm and burns with desire to measure swords with the French. It is stated that a contest with France is very popular throughout all Prussia.
The whole French force in Germany is estimated at 170,000 men.
Gen. St. Hillaire still occupies Branau with 9,000 men and marshal Soult's corps is reinforced to 35,000, which has removed to Ingolstadt. Other French troops are arriving. These movements are against Prussia.
Jerome Bonaparte has been promoted to the rank of Rear admiral.
Commodore Hood has had an engagement with a French squadron, consisting of the La Gloire , 46 guns; L'Indefatigable , 44; La Minerve , 44; L'Armide , 44; La Themis , 44; La Syph , 18, and La Lynx , 18. The three last mentioned only escaped capture. Commodore Hood's squadron consisted of the Centaur , Monarch , and Mars .
The frigate President , some time since at Norfolk, has been captured by Commodore Louis, after a chase of 17 hours.
It is a curious circumstance, though not yet observed by any of the Newspaper, that Bonaparte left Paris to put himself at the head of his army the very same day this year that he departed from his capital last year to march against the Austrians, namely the 24th
of September. Whether the result of the war will be as disastrous for Prussia as it was for Austria, a very short period will determine—but it seems Bonaparte anticipated the same success, by chusing the same day for his departure, and he will no doubt state the circumstances to his soldiers, as if ominous of their fortune.
Bonaparte some days previous to his departure from Paris, presented the Prussian Ambassador with four beautiful Hanoverian Horses. In his late interview however, in which he delivered to the Corsican Emperor, the ultimatum of his court, Bonaparte displayed that angry and intemperate folly, which, on some former occasions, has betrayed the weakness of his understanding. While the Veteran Minister was repeating some of the requisitions of his Court, the Emperor, interrupted him by saying: "Prussia is merely a watch; and whosoever winds it up will set it a going." True, sir, rejoined the minister, "My country is a watch; but please to observe, it is a repeater, and if wound up, it will strike."
Lon. Pap.
NEW-YORK, Dec. 1.
The editors of the New-York Gazette received the following intelligence by the brig Mary , from Kingston. It appears in a Kingston paper of the 27th ult.
"The Emperor of Hayti, Dessalines, while at the head of his troops, on his march to succour Port-au-Prince, was, on the 17th of October, attacked by a division of the army of the South, under General Tayou, in which his whole force was totally defeated, and himself beheaded. This circumstance has occasioned a complete change in the administration; The patent law was annulled, and general liberty granted to all nations, the French expected Christophe , it was said, would be named as Dessaline's successor—Splendid illuminations, and every demonstration of joy had taken place throughout the island, in consequence of this event." [This information was received from an American merchant, from Jeremie, direct.]
Arrived on Saturday last, the British September Packet Lord Hobart , capt. Hamilton, from Falmouth, England.
The following curious affair occurred a few days ago at Lewes:—An elderly gentleman, and young lady, both from this town, put up at the White-Hart Inn , at the above place, and there ordered beds for the night. The young lady passed for the daughter of the old gentleman, and she not unfrequently honored him with the endearing epithet of "Papa!" It seemed however that their consanguinity was doubted by an officer in the house, who ultimately finding his suspicions were correct, determined to raise a little mirth at their expence. Bed-time at length arrived, and the lady and gentleman were shewn to their separate apartments by the cham-

bermaid.—They had retired but a short time, when the officer, who was on the watch, saw the old gentleman remove cautiously from his own room, to the one adjoining the apartment of the lady. The officer in question was quartered in the house, and as one bed was the same to him as another, he immediately took possession of the room the other had left, locked the door, and instantly retired to rest. At an early hour in the morning, the old gentleman tore himself from the arms of his chere amie , and hobbled to the door of his own apartment. His surprise, on finding the door locked, may be better conceived than expressed; his clothes were in that room, and what was to be done to save the reputation of the lady? Driven to desperation, he at last thundered at the door of his apartment and demanded to be let in, but this summons the Man of War refused to comply with. The chamber-maid, the waiters, the landlord of the tavern, were all ultimately roused from their sleep by the noise of the contending parties on each side of the door; and the hoary lover was at length compelled to acknowledge himself not the father of the lady, to preserve himself from the fervor of their wrath. We are sorry to say that the lady who is pretty, is a married woman , and is not more than two or three and twenty years of age. The gay deceiver is between sixty and seventy, and greatly afflicted with the palsy. Lon. Pup.
Extract of a letter from Leeds, dated Sept. 26, 1806.
“We duly received your favor of June 15th, and intended to have replied to it sooner, but of late have had time to attend to nothing but the manufactory, previous to the news, of the capture of Buenos Ayres we were busily employed, owing to the great influx of foreigners from the continent, who have been induced to come here and purchase goods, and export them at their own risk, notwithstanding the great penalties imposed by the French emperor. Nothing can equal the hurry and bustle we experience since the intelligence of our success in South America; not a man, woman, or child, that is able to work, can be found idle—in fact such spirit seems infused into all ranks of people, as I never was before witness to. Woollens, particularly the finer sort, must be considerably higher next year, and cotton goods of all kinds, must necessarily advance in price.
The prohibition of certain articles to America, at first occasioned a slight sensation, but on enquiry we found no ground of alarm, as we found this government was disposed to listen to and redress the grievances complained of by yours, if on investigation it should appear there is just cause of complaint, it is however well known to be the practice of neutrals (from which it is also known the Americans are not exempt) to cover belligerent property, and many instances have occurred during the late and present war, where enemy's property under neutral sanction has been released in our vice courts of admiralty, which has afterwards been found to be good and lawful prize; it is therefore not to be wondered at that the innocent is sometimes confounded with the guilty. While government, however, is willing to foster the growing friendship and commerce of both countries, it is necessary that
a “corresponding disposition” should be shewn on your part, the non-importation law, however, is not likely to promote this desirable purpose. Great Britain ever has, and ever will be ready to make reparation when she has committed a fault, but it cannot be expected that she will change the dignified attitude she maintains to favor a neutral nation, whose policy appears to be influenced by an unnatural attachment to our enemies.”
The Star.
Lynchburg.
Thursday, December 18.
□ The Governor's letter in our next.
Through unavoidable obstacles the Star has been issued now three weeks on a small sized paper. Altho' convinced of the indulgence of our friends, this irregularity is regretted extremely—but it could be neither foreseen nor prevented.—Intensely cold weather, and the high swell in James River have retarded the arrival of our supply—But, like Gilpin's wig! Next week we may perhaps be enabled to appear in the usual form.
The publication of today is accompanied with an half sheet issued extra on Saturday last containing the President's Message, which cannot but prove both interesting and satisfactory to our readers.
The Mail.
Such was the uncommon severity of the weather during the fore part of last week—the earth deluged—James river swelled to a degree not known in half a dozen years—and the creeks so full and overflowing that all hopes were given up of receiving either the President's Message—the proceedings of Congress, or of the State Legislature—But the citizens of Lynchburg were agreeably disappointed:—for owing to the zeal of the riders on the Richmond route braving the inconveniences of hail, rain, snow, and high waters the Mail was delivered at the office here before 9 o'clock on the morning of Saturday last.—This honest fulfilment of duty is, at this time, particularly, the more meritorious, as public expectation was raised to the utmost, it being the commencement of the session of the National and State Councils.
□ The cross mails were also delivered ( as usual ) in good time.
For the Star.
One very stormy night last week, a boat with a negro and 500 lbs of tobacco in it, by the rapid rise of James River, and a strong nor-west wind was forced from her fasts, at the mouth of Blackwater near the Lynchburg landing. The cries of the unhappy man were either unheard, or unheeded. However, after floating down the river about six miles the boat providentially neered the shore, (the current still rapid,) a sapin was seized, and cries yet more piercing uttered—They reached the ear and heart of a man a sleep a quarter of a mile off—Half dressed he ran to the sufferer's relief—snatched him from death, & saved the boat and tobacco.
The Roman laws decreed a civic crown to him, who saved the
life of another—Of this badge the Imperial Cæsar was we are told more proud than of any trophy he ever won or wore.
The name of this benevolent man is John Doss , an overseer on one of the plantations of David Ross, Esq. at his Iron Works.
A money maker. —Maturin and his two attorneys, Everston and Slosson, issued against me yesterday two executions, one against my body, the other against my goods: this is like taking soul & body . Maturin's demand was for two verdicts, each $500 $1000    Everston's and Slosson's costs  330 45     £1380 45  
A levy was made on my goods and my body. As I had not the money to pay the demand, was conducted to the debtor's limits. Just, however, as I was putting my foot upon the limits, a gentleman very obligingly offered me a loan of the money upon mortgage and home I returned to my editorial duties. How charming it is to be a republican editor !
American Citizen. (Edited by James Cheatham.)
Boston, Nov. 23.
Gen. Eaton is now on a visit to this town. We understand he confirms the report of col. Burr's having made some overtures to him on the subject of founding a new empire in the southern and western parts of this country. As this subject involves matters of much interest, and curiosity, it is hoped the general will furnish the public with some of the particulars connected with this extraordinary transaction.
FACTS!
We have some advices of a date as late as the 27th of October, from the Mississippi. The officers of the government under the direction of the President of the United States, have been a considerable time engaged in investigations concerning the conspiracy of which Mr. Burr is the head, and in which several persons in that neighborhood are at least represented to be implicated.
We also learn, that the Spanish governor general of eastern New-Mexico, don Saluda, had arrived at Nachitoches and declared the rupture of the convention between the Spanish governor Cordero, and declared his determination not to regard it, and to return to this side of the Sabine and occupy and maintain all the territory which the Spaniards claimed, even at the risk of all Mexico; and that there was an army of thirty thousand men marching from Mexico to his support. The correspondent who communicates the above is of the most respectable character, and his veracity superior to doubt; he states however that there is more of gasconade than reality , in their threats; and that the menaced forces, tho' far short of the number stated, are more numerous than any force we possess south of the Chesapeake, and that a considerable force will be requisite in that quarter. Aurora.
Kentucky Resolutions.
The Resolutions of the Legislature of Kentucky, proposing an amendment to the Federal Constitution respecting the power of the Judiciary, were, on the third day of the sitting committed to Messrs. Van Dorn, Condick and W. Cox, together with the resolutions from Pennsylvania and Georgia, concurring in said proposition.—On Thursday last, the committee reported against the a-
endment proposed—and the report was agreed to by the House.
CONGRESS.
SENATE.
Monday, December 1.
Nineteen members being present, and forming a quorum of the Senate, the Vice President of the United States ( Mr. Clinton ) took the Chair.
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES.
Monday, December 1.
About noon the speaker took the chair—Eighty nine members present.
Daniel Clarke, elected a delegate from the territory of Orleans, and William A. Burwell, of Virginia, elected in the place of Christopher Clarke, resigned, having been qualified took their seats.
A message sent to the Senate, informed them that a quorum of the House assembled, are ready to proceed to business.
A message of like import was received from the Senate.
A joint committee from the Senate and House of Representatives were appointed to wait on the President of the United States, and to inform that a quorum of the two houses are assembled, and are ready to receive any communications he may be pleased to make.
Mr. Dawison , from the committee appointed for that purpose, reported that they had waited upon the President, and received for answer that he would make a communication to the two houses to-morrow at 12 o'clock.
Adjourned.
Tuesday, December 2.
MESSAGE, (Extra.)
A list of Standing Committees.
Of Elections. —Messrs. Findley, Elmer, Eppes, Critten, Schureman, Bauwell, and Eiles.
Of Claims. —Messrs. Holmes, Moore, (of S. C.) More, Bedinger, Stanford, Stanton, Talbridge.
Commerce and Manufactures. —Messrs. Crowninshield, M'Creery, Early, Dana, Newton, Mason, Richards.
Ways and Means. —Messrs. J. Clay, R. Nelson, Quincy, D. R. Williams, Moxley, Garnett, Meriwether.
Of Public Lands. —Messrs. Boyle, Morrow, Dany, Ballet, Ruffell, G. W. Campbell, H. Higgins.
Of Revival and Unfinished Business. —Messrs. Tenney, Alston, Claiborne.
Of Accounts. —Messrs. Conrad, Davenport, Cutts.
To the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America.
I have the satisfaction to inform you that the negotiation depending between the United States and the government of Great Britain, is proceeding in a spirit of friendship and accommodation, which promises a result of mutual advantage. Delays indeed have taken place, occasioned by the long illness, and subsequent death of the British minister charged with that duty. But the commissioners appointed by that government to resume the negotiation, have shewn every disposition to hasten its progress: it is however work of time: as many arrangements are necessary to place our future harmony on stable grounds. In the mean time, we find, by the communications of our plenipotentiaries, that a temporary suspension of the act of the last session, prohibiting certain importations, would, as a mark of candid disposition on our part, and of confidence in the temper and views with which they have been met, have a happy effect on its course. A step so friendly will afford further evidence that all our proceedings have flowed from views of justice and conciliation, and that we give them willingly that form which may best meet corresponding dispositions.
Add to this, that the same motives which produced the postponement of the act till the fifteenth of November last, are in favor of its further suspension: and as we have reason to hope that it may soon yield to arrangements of mu-

tual consent and convenience, justice seems to require that the same measure may be dealt out to the few cases which may fall within its short course, as to all others preceding and following it. I cannot, therefore, but recommend the suspension of this act for a reasonable time, on considerations of justice, amity, and the public interests.
TH: JEFFERSON.
December 3rd, 1806.
Thursday, December 4.
Rev. Mr. Elliot elected Chaplain.
Mr. J. Randolph, chairman of the committee to whom was referred the President's message of yesterday, reported a bill for suspending the non-importation act. It was twice read, and referred to the committee of the whole to-morrow.
VIRGINIA LEGISLATURE.
HOUSE OF DELEGATES.
Tuesday, December 2, 1806.
Committees appointed. viz.
A committee for courts of justice—of claims—propositions and grievances—privileges and elections—Finance—to examine the executive expenditure for the last year—and a committee to examine the Clerk's office.
A motion for the appointment of a chaplain was negatived.
Ordered, That writs of election issue to the counties of Rockbridge, Botetourt and Southampton, to supply the vacancies occasioned by the acceptance by Andrew Alexander, Esq. of the office of Surveyor of the said county of Rockbridge; and the deaths of James M'Ferran, of Botetourt, and Mills Everett, of Southampton.
A petition was presented and read from sundry inhabitants of the county of Campbell and the town of Lynchburg, praying for the passage of a law to establish a town on the lands of George Cabell, Esq.
Also, a remonstrance of John Lynch of said county in opposition thereto.
Also, a petition of Rowland Jones of Lynchburg, and sundry other persons, praying the passage of a law for the erection of warehouses for the inspection of tobacco on certain lots of land in said town belonging to said Jones.
Also, a petition of William Davis, Esq. of the said town of Lynchburg, and sundry other persons, to same effect.
Also, a remonstrance of James Martin in opposition to the two last mentioned petitions.
Also, a petition of William Prentis of Petersburg and sundry other persons, praying the passage of a law authorizing the establishment of a warehouse for the inspection of tobacco on the land of said Prentis in the town of Petersburg.
Ordered, that the said petitions be referred to the committee of propositions and grievances.
A petition was presented from George M'Daniel and James Warwick, inspectors of tobacco at Martin's warehouse in Lynchburg, praying an augmentation of their salaries.—With many more which were read and referred.
Wednesday, December 3, 1806.
The House resumed the reading of the documents accompanying the Governor's letter of yesterday, and the same being in part gone through:
On motion, Ordered, that so much of the said communication as relates to the alteration of the Constitution of the United States, proposed by the States of Maryland and Tennessee, be referred to the committee of the whole house on the state of the Commonwealth.
On motion, Ordered, that so much of the Governor's Communication as relates to the Penitentiary system, be referred to Messrs. Harrison (of Amelia) Foushee, Harvie, Wray, Otey, Stephenson, Randolph, Read, Beale, Leake and Wyatt, and that they do report to the house by bill or otherwise.
Ordered, that the remaining documents accompanying the Governor's Communication be laid upon the table.
Appointments.
W. H. CABELL, Esq. is unanimously re-elected Governor.
The Executive appointment of Creed Taylor, Esq. as Judge of the Richmond Chancery District is confirmed.
R. Taylor, Esq. of Orange is reappointed Speaker of the Senate.
Samuel Pleasants, Esq. public printer.
Lewis Harvie, Esq. is promoted to the Council board.
Writs are issued to supply Mr. Harvie's place in the Legislature.
From the London Courier, Sep 30.
The murder of the book-seller Palm, by command of Bonaparte, deserves to excite in a peculiar degree, the attention of this country, the last asylum of the freedom of the press.—Our readers know that he was dragged from a city under the protection of Prussia, for selling a work containing Free Strictures on the conduct of Bonaparte; tried by a military commission, and shot in the Austrian City of Brannau—an insult both to Prussia and Austria. The conduct of this man was most gallant; he was offered his pardon upon condition that he gave up the name of the author, which he refused. The offer was again put to him at the place of execution, but he called out "that he would rather die than betray the author."—He was immediately shot.—He has left a widow and three children, and the Hamburg paper says that a subscription has been opened for them.
IMPORTANT CAUTION.
Directions by which a person may save himself from drowning.—If he fall in deep water, he will rise to the surface by floatage, and continue there if he do not elevate his hands, and the keeping them down is essential to his safety. If he move his hands under the water, in any way he pleases, his head will rise so high as to allow him free liberty to breathe, and if, in addition, he move his legs exactly as in the action of walking up stairs, his shoulders will rise above the water, so that he may use less exertion with his hands, or apply them to other purposes.— Lon. pap.
MISS SALLY ROGERS,
Who has for some time past, confined her exhibitions to the Columbian Museum, is now, through the benevolence of Mr. John Procter accommodated with private rooms at his house, No. 86, Orange street. This young lady, by means of her mouth only, having the use of neither hands or feet, performs what would appear altogether impossible, without ocular demonstration. She draws with a pencil and with delicacy and ease Landscapes, Flowers, &c. &c. She uses the scissors, threads the needle, and writes with as much facility as other persons can with the perfect use of their limbs. This unlike many other Exhibitory calls on the public, is without fiction, and has besides, humanity and charity for its object.— Boston paper.
TAKE NOTICE.
I FORWARN all persons from trading for or taking an assignment of a BOND which I gave Elisha Bocock, for seventeen pounds, ten shillings, and three pence, payable first day of June next, being there is thirty-one dollars of the same I am resolved not to pay, it being given for a cask of Brandy, which was in the contract to be peach, and proved to be Apple or at least mixed brandy.
WILLIAM HEATH.
Dec. 16, 1806.
1w.
Literary.
" Diversions of Purley "—This work forms a new era in philosophy. It is the production of the celebrated John Horne Tooke , and is stamped with all the marks of his strong and active mind. He points out, in the course of it, and corrects the errors of men, whose eruditions had sanctioned those errors, and whose character for dry research had made them in some measure the arbiters of language. He traces those errors to their source, and by arguments simple but irresistible, he extorts the most perfect and implicit assent to his own doctrines. It is a work, which should be read and studied by every one, who aspires to a pure and perspicuous style, and who wishes to be thoroughly acquainted with the meaning and nature of those hitherto puzzling but necessary parts of our language which grammarians have been content to name without explaining.
The first American edition of this work will be comprised in two volumes, large octavo, the first of these has just been published, the second will be ready for delivery within a month.
Subscriptions will be received until the second volume shall be ready for publication, and no longer—at two dollars and fifty cents each volume, in boards; payable on delivery.
Book sellers may obtain any number of the work, bound or in sheets, on the usual terms, on application to the publisher, Wm. Duane, 106 Market street, Philadelphia.
AMHERST May Court, 1806.
Thomas Johnson Plff. vs. John Lynch, jr. An Flem Lynch, John Lynch fr. Charles L. Terrell, and Sarah his wife, Samuel Mitchell, fr. Samuel Mitchell, jr. Charles Mitchell, and Edward Mitchell, and Charles Lynch, jr. Defts. In Chancery
THIS day came the Plaintiff by his attorney, and the Defts. Samuel Mitchell fr. Samuel Mitchell jr. Charles Mitchell and Edward Mitchell still failing to file their answers, it is considered by the Court that the bill of the complainant as to them be taken as confessed and the matter and equity thereof decreed accordingly, unless the said defts file their answers at or before August Court next.
A Copy—Teste, Wm. S. Crawford C.A.C. 8w
THE Planter's and Farmer's ALMANACK For the year
1807,
IS now published and for sale, by Retail or otherwise, at the Star-Office.
NOTICE.
THOSE who gave their bonds to the subscriber (as administrator of Philip Burton, dec'd.) are requested to meet at Mr. Charles Hoyle's Tavern in Lynchburg on the 25th instanc, in order to settle and take them in.
NELSON C. DAWSON.
December 8th—1806. 3v
FOR SALE at the Star-Office Sketches of the
History of France
FROM THE EARLIEST HISTORICAL ACCOUNTS To the present time....18-6 v With some remarks concerning the Life and Achievements of the celebrated NAPOLEON BONAPARTE, now Emperor of France.
[By an American.]
Twenty Dollars Reward.
RANAWAY from the subscriber in Fincastle, Botetourt county, on Thursday night last, two negroes—a Negro man named Joseph Jones, of rather light complexion, about six feet high, strait and slender made, the bridge of his nose rather high, speech rather difficult and slow, frequently ties his hair not exceeding three or four inches in length, remarkable marks or characters on one of his arms The cloths it is expected he carried away with him, are a blue short coat, one pair of blue pantaloons, two pair of corded ditto, three waistcoats, a swandown, Janes and Homespun—one pair of ribbed socks, blue and white, one pair of boots and shoes, with a small pistol—remarkably fond of playing on the violin. Doctor Charles Lewis brought him from Philadelphia last winter and sold him in July last.
Jane a mulatto woman, about twenty years of age, five feet high, bushy hair, with a dark penetrating eye, lately purchased out of the estate of Gen. John Bowyer, dec'd. of Rockbridge county.—Had on and took with her a brown linsey habit, a striped cotton ditto, and an old yellow grounded calico gown.
Any person taking up said negroes or securing them in jail so that we get them again, shall receive the above reward. If brought home all reasonable expences will be paid.
BENNETT W. MOSELEY.
JAMES LOCKART.
Nov. 28, 18-6.
4w.
NEGROES & LAND For Sale,
ON the first day of January next, will be exposed to sale Eighteen or Twenty likely Virginia born Slaves, consisting of Men, Women and Children—And Ten or Twelve valuable Slaves hired for the next year—At the same time will be sold several Horses, an almost new set of Blacksmith's tools and sundry articles of Household Furniture—Also one tract of Land in the county of Bedford, on Big Otter river, now in the occupancy of Mrs. Vannerson, containing three hundred and twenty acres.—Also a House and Lot in the town of New-London, in the tenancy of John Teaze.
The sale will take place at my Smith's shop near my dwelling house—The terms of sale will be. for some of the Negroes, one third Cash, one third at six months, and one third at twelve months—The Land and New-London Tenement must be paid for in three equal annual instalments—And for the balance of the Negroes sold and hired, and the other Articles, a credit of twelve months will be given—and the servants returned well clothed at the end of the year.—And in all cases of credit, bond and approved security will be required, to carry interest from the date if not punctually discharged.
CHRISTOPHER CLARK,
Executor of
ANDREW DONALD, dec.
Nov. 24th, 1806. 1d6.

LAND FOR SALE.
500 Acres in Kentucky, On Huston's fork of Licking, in Bourbon county, lying from Lexington eleven, from Paris nine, and from Winchester ten miles, all flourishing towns, and each at a Court House; the whole of this Land is of the first quality, and has about Fifty or Sixty Acres Cleared, with considerable improvements, ORCHARDS, &c. Also a fine CAVE, which will answer every purpose of a Dry Well, for saving fresh Meats, &c. in summer; situated quite convenient to a beautiful eminence for to build on; and the Title ascertained—the reduced price of Six Dollars per Acre, in Cash, if paid by January 1807.
1200 Acres on both sides Of the Rolling fork of Salt River, in Washington County, One Third Low Ground, the remainder Second and Third rate high Land, with Three PLANTATIONS on it, and some good improvements; is excellent for Stock of all kinds, being contiguous to the knobs, which afford an extensive and a lasting range; and it includes that part of the Jump Lick on which good SALT has been made, and which serves for Stock instead of giving them Salt, and will be sold very low for Cash as above.
400 Acres on Grealy Creek, in Montgomery County, Virginia; a considerable part of which is good Flat Land, affording plenty of fine MEADOW GROUND, a good MILL SEAT, and an excellent Range for Stock of all kinds—Very low for Cash, as above.
138 Acres in Patrick County, on Widgeon Creek, settled by M'Bride and improved by him, where he has lived many years.—Price not exceeding THREE DOLLARS.
300 Acres in Bedford County, adjoining Randolph's old Order line on Stanton River, near Mr. Mark Anthony's—At TWENTY SHILLINGS per Acre.
1400 Acres in Campbell County, on Oster River, and on both sides of Flat Creek, including the Seat whereon the subscriber now lives, (which is a beautiful one, situated in the fork, and commanding a delightful prospect of both streams, and of one hundred acres of Low Grounds, there being upwards of two on the tract.) There are several PLANTATIONS on this Tract, sufficient to work Twenty Hands to advantage; Dwelling Houses, Orchards of Apple, Peach, &c. A MILL SEAT viewed by order of Court, and free privilege of building; in a good neighbourhood, and plenty of water for merchant's work, &c. &c. and this land affords plenty of fine Meadow Ground and Lime Stone—Is distant from Lynchburg eighteen, from New-London eight, and from Campbell Court-house ten miles, and is generally acknowledged, on account of soil, situation and convenience, to be equal to any in this part of the country; and will bare dividing into Four good Seats, with a good Plantation on each; on each is proper land for ORCHARDS, of the right height to avoid killing Fruits; and on which is an ORCHARD of Apple and Peach Trees that has not failed of Fruit for upwards of thirty years last past—This Tract altogether may be bought at TWELVE DOLLARS per Acre, to be paid in Four equal half yearly payments, commencing on the first day of January, 1807, &c. at which time possession will be given, and a sufficient Title will be made, on giving Bonds with satisfactory Security, bearing interest from the date if not punctually paid.
502 Acres, (part of the Above) called Arthur's old Tract, a large PLANTATION, Dwelling House Overseer's House, some Fruit Trees, and the soil is well known to be equal to any in this part of the country for Tobacco, Cotton, and all sorts of
Grain; is well watered, some good Meadow ground, and a plenty of Lime-Stone on it—At SEVEN DOLLARS per Acre, payable on the first of January 1807.
About 20,000 Acres lying In Franklin, Patrick and Botetourt Counties, including several Surveys; one of which (being large) may be divided into Large or Small tracts, so as to accommodate the purchasers—The price will be from ONE SHILLING to FOUR DOLLARS per Acre, according to the Quality and Quantity taken.
Cash, Tobacco at the market price or principal Merchant's Acceptances either at Lynchburg, Richmond, or Manchester, will be received in payment for the above.
JOHN CALLAWAY.
October 27th, 1806. tf.
A LIST of one Hhd of Tobacco inspected at Lynch's ware house the 21st day of November 1802, marked on the bulge P. B. J. W. No. 23, 1109, 125, 984, nett, picked.—If the ware house and other expences on said Hhd of Tobacco are not paid, it will be sold according to law.
Davis & Mootman.
December 1, 1806. swp.
NOTICE.
THE Subscriber respectfully informs the citizens of Lynchburg and its vicinity, that he has just commenced the BAKING BUSINESS in the above place, and proposes to furnish all those who may choose to patronize him, with 196lbs of Bread to a barrel of flour.
He will bake pilot bread, ship-bread, crackers, butter-biscuit, rusk, pine-cake, &c. &c.
JAMES ALBERT.
Lynchburg, 27th Nov. 1806. tf.
COMMITTED to the Jail of Henry County the 21st Sept. last a small negro man, about 30 years old, African born. He has a number of scars on his body—speaks no English that can be understood. The owner is desired to prove his property, pay charges, and take him away.
The Sheriff of Henry.
Nov. 21, 1806. gw.
BY virtue of a deed of Trust executed to the subscriber by William North of the county of Buckingham, to secure the payment of a debt due to Brown Rives & Co, will be sold to the highest bidder for ready money, in the town of Bent Creek, on the 23rd day of December next, the following property, viz. One Negro Woman and her two children, two Mares, and ten head of Cattle, or so much thereof as will be sufficient to discharge the debt therein mentioned and all other charges attending such sale.
JOHN HORSLEY, Trustee.
Nov. 20th, 1806. tdl.
HYMNS.
Just published and for sale at the Star Office,
(Price, Twenty-Five Cents,)
A choice selection of Hymns
This first part, contains the newest and so much admired Spiritual Songs practised with such beneficial effects, during the late Camp, and other Meetings, in the counties of Amherst, and Bedford, and in the vicinity of Lynchburg.
GAMUTS
ALSO for sale at this Office.
For Sale,
ONE of the most valuable tracts of LAND, containing 810 acres, lying in the county of Bedford, within eight miles of Lynchburg: It is uncommonly level, and contains a good proportion of Tobacco and Meadow land—The plantation is in good order, and the improvements calculated to accommodate a genteel family.
SETH WARD.
Lynchburg, Nov. 6th, 1806. tf.
TAVERN.
THE subscriber takes the liberty of informing his friends and the public, that he has opened the Tavern formerly occupied by Mr. John Thompson, in New London, in the East end of the town, near the Court house and opposite D. Jennings's.
It is not unusual on these occasions to set forth pompous advertisements, filled with specious promises, few, and sometimes none are complied with; on the contrary, he will only say that he will do every thing in his power to render his House and Stable comfortable.
THOMAS LAWTON.
New London, Nov. 4. tf.
For Sale,
ONE NEGRO WOMAN and her two CHILDREN. For particulars enquire at the Star Offi
NOTICE.
ALL claimants against the estate of Peter Carter, dec'd are hereby desired to forward their accounts to Josiah Ellis, sen. for payment, as we are about to close our administration. This will be the last notice.
Josiah Ellis, Wm. S. Crawford } Exrs. Amherst, December 1, 1805. oodw.
For Sale,
ON Monday the 23rd day of December next, on the premises, on Stanton river in the county of Campbell, all the perishable estate of Capt. William Anderson, dec'd, consisting of Household and Kitchen FURNITURE, HORSES, CATTLE, Hogs, SHEEP, CORN, RYE, OATS, &c. Also Plantation Utensils of every kind—The terms of sale will be for all sums under ten dollars Cash—for the above that amount twelve months credit will be given—Bonds with approved security, to carry interest from the date if not punctually paid, will be required.
ABNER EARLY } Admrs. TRO: LEFTWICH. Nov. 19th, 1806. tdl.
NOTICE.
BY virtue of a decree of the Su- perior Court of Chancery holden at Richmond, the subscribers will expose to sale on the premises, to the highest bidder, for cash, on the 30th day of December next, a tract of LAND, lying in the county of Pittsylvania, on Banister river, estimated to contain 1717 acres more or less, whereon the widow of John Markham deceased and others now reside, or so much thereof as will be sufficient to raise the sum of £871-3-5 with interest from the 10th day of June, 1806 on £405-13-6, part thereof until payment,—interest on £400 also part thereof during the same period, and the expences of the sale.
Isaac Coles, James Terry, Allen Womack, Will. Tunstall, Comrs.
Nov. 22, 1806. 4w.
Lunenburg county, Nov. 10.
THE subscriber thinks proper to give notice, he has resumed the practice of the Law, and purposes regular attendance in the Court of Appeals, the Federal Court, and the High Court of Chancery holden in the city of Richmond, (to which place he is now preparing to remove his residence.) Due attention will be paid to such business as may be committed to his care.
WILLIAM COWAN. 8w.
TO satisfy a decree of the Federal District Court, Hogson & Tate vs. the estate of Edward Carter, dec'd. also a judgement of Backhouse vs. the same, and two decrees of the Court of Chancery, Francis Brooks and Polly his wife, and Ann Williams Carter, vs. the same—I shall offer for sale at Milton in Albermarle on the first day of January 1807. One hundred and fifty
NEGROES;
among those Negroes there are ten carpenters and a black smith, the residue consists of likely fellows with their families.—A certain proportion of the above Negroes, will be offered for cash, and a part of them on a reasonable credit:—those Negroes will be sold subject to the life Estate of Mrs. Sally Carter.
CHARLES CARTER, Ex'r. December 10th—1806.
P. S. Mrs. Carter's agent will attend at the time and place aforesaid for the purpose of hiring out the said Slaves for the ensuing year.
C. C.
VIRGINIA, to wit. At a Court held for Franklin County, November 3d, 1806.
Samuel Irvine, Compl. AGAINST George Rives, Burwell Rives, and William A. Burwell, Defts. IN Chancery.
THE defendant George Rives not having entered his appearance and given security according to the act of Assembly and the rules of the Court, and it appearing to the satisfaction of the court, that he is not an inhabitant of this Commonwealth, on the motion of the complainant by his counsel, it is ordered that the said defendant do appear here on the first Monday in March next, and answer the complainant's bill; and that a copy of this order be forthwith inserted in some newspaper published in this state for eight weeks successively, and posted up at the front door of the Court house of this county.
A Copy—Telle,
CALEB TATE, D. C.
FOR JAMES CALLAWAY, C. F. C. 8w.

Communicated to both HOUSES of CONGRESS, on the 2nd December, 1806.
TO the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America, in Congress Assembled.
It would have given me, Fellow Citizens, great satisfaction to announce, in the moment of your meeting, that the difficulties in our foreign relations, existing at the time of your last separation had been amicably & justly terminated. I lost no time in taking those measures which were most likely to bring them to such a termination, by special missions, charged with such powers and instructions as, in the event of failure, could leave no imputation on either our moderation or forbearance. The delays, which have since taken place in our negotiations with the British Government, appear to have proceeded from causes which do not forbid the expectation that, during the course of the session, I may be enabled to lay before you their final issue. What will be that of the negotiations for settling our differences with Spain, nothing which had taken place, at the date of the last dispatches, enables us to pronounce. On the western side of the Mississippi we advanced in considerable force, & took post at the settlement of Bayou Pierre, on the Red River. This village was originally settled by France, was held by her as long as she held Louisiana & was delivered to Spain only as a part of Louisiana. Being small, insulated, and distant, it was not observed at the moment of re-delivery to France and the United States, that she continued a guard of half a dozen men, which had been stationed there. A proposition, however, having been lately made by our commander in chief, to assume the Sabine River as a temporary line of separation between the troops of the two nations, until the issue of our negotiations shall be known; this has been referred by the Spanish commandant to his superior, and in the mean time he has withdrawn his force to the western side of the Sabine River. The correspondence on this subject, now communicated, will exhibit more particularly the present state of things in that quarter.
The nature of that country requires indispensably that an unusual proportion of the force employed there should be cavalry or mounted infantry. In order therefore that the commanding officer might be enabled to act with effect, I had authorised him to call on the Governors of Orleans and Mississippi, for a corps of 500 volunteer cavalry. The temporary arrangement he has proposed may perhaps render this unnecessary. But I inform you with great pleasure, of the promptitude with which the inhabitants of those territories have tendered their services in defence of their country. It has done honor to themselves, entitled them to the confidence of their fellow-citizens in every part of the Union, and must strengthen the general determination to protect them efficaciously under all circumstances which may occur.
Having received information that in another part of the United States a great number of private individuals were combining together, arming and organising themselves, contrary to law, to carry on a military expedition against the territories of Spain, I thought it necessary, by proclamation, as well as by special orders to take measures for preventing and suppressing this enterprise, for seizing the vessels, arms, and other means provided for it, and for arresting and bringing to justice its authors and abettors. It was due to that good faith which ought ever to be the rule of action in public as well as in private transactions: it was due to good order and regular government, that, while the public force was acting strictly on the defensive, and merely to protect our citizens from aggression, the criminal attempt of private individuals to decide, for their country, the question of peace or war, by commencing active and unauthorised hostilities, should be promptly and efficaciously suppressed.
Whether it will be necessary to enlarge our regular force, will depend on the result of our negotiations with Spain. But as it is uncertain when that result will be known, the provisional measures requisite for that, and to meet any pressure intervening in that quarter, will be a subject for your early consideration.
The possession of both banks of the Mississippi reducing to a single point the defence of that river, its waters, and the country adjacent, it becomes highly necessary to provide, for that point, a more adequate security. Some position above its mouth, commanding the passage of the River, should be rendered sufficiently strong to cover the armed vessels which may be stationed there for defence; and, in conjunction with them to present an insuperable obstacle to any force, attempting to pass. The approaches to the city of New-Orleans, from the eastern quarter also, will require to be examined, and more effectually guarded. For the internal support of the country, the encouragement of a strong settlement on the western side of the Mississippi, within reach of New-Orleans, will be worthy the consideration of the Legislature.
The gun-boats, authorised by an act of the last session, are so advanced, that they will be ready for service in the ensuing spring. Circumstances permitted us to allow the time necessary for their more solid construction. As a much larger number will still be wanting to place our sea-port towns and waters in that state of defence to which we are competent, and they entitled, a similar appropriation for a further provision of them is recommended for the ensuing year.
A further appropriation will also be necessary for repairing fortifications already established, and the erection of such other works as may have real effect in obstructing the approach of an enemy, to our sea-port towns, or their remaining before them.
In a country whose constitution is derived from the
will of the people, directly expressed by their free suffrages, where the principal executive functionaries, and those of the legislature, are renewed by them at short periods, where, under the character of jurors, they exercise in person the greatest portion of the judiciary powers, where the laws are consequently so formed and administered as to bear with equal weight and favour on all, restraining no man in the pursuit of honest industry, & securing to every one the property which that acquires, it would not be supposed that any safeguards could be needed against insurrection, or enterprize, on the public peace or authority. The laws, however, aware that these should not be trusted to moral restraints only, have wisely provided punishment for these crimes when committed. But would it not be salutary to give also the means of preventing their commission? Where an enterprize is meditated by private individuals, against a foreign nation, in amity with the United States, powers of prevention, to a certain extent, are given by the laws. Would they not be as reasonable, and useful, where the enterprize preparing is against the United States?—While advertising to this branch of law, it is proper to observe that in enterprizes meditated against foreign nations, the ordinary process of binding to the observance of the peace and good behavior, could it be extended to acts to be done out of the jurisdiction of the United States, would be effectual in some cases where the offender is able to keep out of sight every indication of his purpose which could draw on him the exercise of the powers now given by law.
The states on the coast of Barbary seem generally disposed at present to respect our peace and friendship. With Tunis alone, some uncertainty remains. Persuaded that it is our interest to maintain our peace with them on equal terms, or not at all, I propose to send, in due time, a reinforcement into the Mediterranean; unless previous information shall shew it to be unnecessary.
We continue to receive proofs of the growing attachment of our Indian neighbours, and of their disposition to place all their interests under the patronage of the United States. These dispositions are inspired by their confidence in our justice, and in the sincere concern we feel for their welfare. And as long as we discharge these high and honorable functions with the integrity & good faith which alone can entitle us to their continuance, we may expect to reap the just reward in their peace and friendship.
The expedition of Messrs. Lewis and Clarke, for exploring the river Missouri, and the first communication from that to the Pacific Ocean, has had all the success which could have been expected. They have traced the Missouri nearly to its source, descended the Columbia to the Pacific Ocean, ascertained with accuracy the geography of that interesting communication across our continent, learnt the character of the country, of its commerce and inhabitants, and it is but justice to say that Messrs. Lewis and Clarke, and their brave companions, have, by this arduous service, deserved well of their country.
The attempt to explore the Red River, under the direction of Mr. Freeman, though conducted with a zeal and prudence meriting entire approbation, has not been equally successful. After proceeding up it about six hundred miles, nearly as far as the French settlements had extended, while the country was in their possession, our geographers were obliged to return without completing their work.
Very useful additions have also been made to our knowledge of the Mississippi, by Lieutenant Pike, who has ascended it to its source, & whose journal and map, giving the details of his journey, will shortly be ready for communication to both Houses of Congress. Those of Messrs. Lewis and Clarke and Freeman, will require further time to be digested and prepared. These important surveys, in addition to those before possessed, furnish materials for commencing an accurate map of the Mississippi and its western waters. Some principal rivers however remain still to be explored, towards which the authorisation of Congress, by moderate appropriations, will be requisite.
I congratulate you, fellow-citizens on the approach of the period at which you may interpose your authority constitutionally, to withdraw the citizens of the U. States from all further participation in those violations of human rights, which have been so long continued on the unoffending inhabitants of Africa, and which the morality, the reputation, and the best interests of our country, have long been eager to prescribe. Although no law you may pass can take prohibitory effect till the first day of the year one thousand eight hundred and eight, yet the intervening period is not too long to prevent, by timely notice, expeditions which cannot be completed before that day.
The receipts at the Treasury, during the year ending on the 30th day of September last, have amounted to near fifteen millions of dollars; which have enabled us, after meeting the current demands, to pay two millions seven hundred thousand dollars of the American claims in part of the price of Louisiana; to pay, of the funded debt, upwards of three millions of principal, and nearly four of interest, and, in addition, to reimburse in the course of the present month, near two millions of five and an half per cent stock. These payments and reimbursements of the funded debt, with those which had been made in the four years and a half preceding, will, at the close of the present year, have extinguished upwards of twenty-three millions of principal.
The duties composing the Mediterranean fund will cease, by law, at the end of the present session. Con-
sidering, however, that they are levied chiefly on luxuries, and that we have an impost on salt, a necessary of life, the free use of which otherwise is so important, I recommend to your consideration the suppression of the duties on salt, and the continuation of the Mediterranean fund, instead thereof, for a short time, after which that also will become unnecessary for any purpose now within contemplation.
When both of these branches of revenue shall, in this way, be relinquished, there will still, ere long, be an accumulation of monies in the treasury beyond the instalments of public debt which we are permitted by contract to pay. They cannot then, without a modification, assented to by the public creditors, be applied to the extinguishment of this debt and the compleat liberation of our revenues, the most desirable of all objects. Nor, if our peace continues, will they be wanting for any other existing purpose. The question, therefore, now comes forward, to what other objects shall these surplusses be appropriated, and the whole surplus of impost after the entire discharge of the public debt, and during those intervals when the purposes of war shall not call for them? Shall we suppress the impost, and give that advantage to foreign over domestic manufactures? On a few articles of more general and necessary use, the suppression, in due season, will doubtless be right; but the great mass of the articles on which impost is paid, are foreign luxuries purchased by those only who are rich enough to afford themselves the use of them. Their patriotism would certainly prefer its continuance, and application to the great purposes of the public education, roads, rivers, canals, and such other objects of public improvement, as it may be thought proper to add to the constitutional enumeration of federal powers. By these operations, new channels of communication will be opened between the states; the lines of separation will disappear, their interests will be identified, and their union cemented by new and indisoluble ties. Education is here placed among the articles of public care, not that it would be proposed to take its ordinary branches out of the hands of private enterprise, which manages so much better all the concerns to which it is equal: but a public institution can alone supply those sciences, which though rarely called for, are yet necessary to complete the circle, all the parts of which contribute to the improvement of the country, and some of them to its preservation. The subject is now proposed for the consideration of Congress, because if approved, by the time the state Legislatures shall have deliberated on this extension of the federal trusts, and the laws shall be passed, and other arrangements made for their execution, the necessary funds will be on hand, and without employment. I suppose an amendment of the constitution, by consent of the states, necessary; because the objects now recommended are not among those enumerated in the constitution, and to which it permits the public monies to be applied.
The present consideration of a national establishment for education particularly, is rendered proper by this circumstance also, that, if Congress, approving the proposition, shall yet think it more eligible to found it on a donation of lands, they have it now in their power to endow it with those which will be among the earliest to produce the necessary income. This foundation would have the advantage of being independent on war, which may suspend other improvements, by requiring for its own purposes the resources destined for them.
This, fellow-citizens, is the state of the public interests, at the present moment, and according to the information now possessed. But such is the situation of the nations of Europe, and such too the predicament in which we stand with some of them, that we cannot rely with certainty on the present aspect of our affairs, that may change from moment to moment, during the course of your session, or after you shall have separated. Our duty is therefore to act upon the things as they are, and to make a reasonable provision for whatever they may be. Were armies to be raised whenever a speck of war is visible in our horizon, we never should have been without them. Our resources would have been exhausted on dangers which have never happened, instead of being reserved for what is really to take place. A steady, perhaps a quickened pace, in preparations for the defence of our sea-port towns and waters, an early settlement of the most exposed and vulnerable parts of our country, a militia so organised that its effective portions can be called to any point in the union, or volunteers instead of them, to serve a sufficient time, are means which may always be ready, yet never preying on our resources until actually called into use. They will maintain the public interests, while a more permanent force shall be in a course of preparation. But much will depend on the promptitude with which these means can be brought into activity. It will be forced upon us, in spite of our long and vain appeals to the justice of nations, rapid and vigorous movements, in its outset, will go far towards securing us in its course and issue, and towards throwing its burthens on those who render necessary the resort from reason to force.
The result of our negotiations, or such incidents in their course as may enable us to infer their probable issue; such further movements also, on our western frontier as may shew whether war is to be pressed there, while negotiation is protracted elsewhere, shall be communicated to you from time to time, as they become known to me; with whatever other information I possess or may receive, which may aid your deliberations on the great national interests committed to your charge.
TH: JEFFERSON.
December 2, 1806.