The Patowmac guardian, and Berkeley advertiser (Shepherdstown, Va. [W. Va.]), 1790-12-06 00:00:00

The PATOWMAC GUARDIAN, and BERKELEY ADVERTISER.
PRICE TWO DOLLARS PER ANN.]
MONDAY, DECEMBER 6, 1790.
[NUMBER 4 OF VOL. I.]
WHERE LIBERTY DWELLS, THERE IS MY COUNTRY.
Franklin.
Richard M c Sherry,
At his NEW STORE in Martinsburg, (Lately Mr. M c KEWAN's Tavern) Is now opening and has ready for SALE, on the lowest terms, by wholesale and retail.
BEST old Jamaica and Antigua Spi- rits,
West-India and New-England Rum, London Madeira, Lisbon, Teneriff and Claret Wines, Loaf, Lump and Brown Sugar, Molasses, Coffee, Chocolate and Cotton, Hyson, Green and Bohea Tea, Ginger, Pepper, Allspice and Mustard, Gun-Powder, Shot, Flints, and Bar Lead, Indigo, Copperas and Madder, Crawly and blistered Steel, Cotton and Wool Cards, Iron and Salt, Queen's and Glass Ware.
Cash, Wheat, Rye, Oats, Bees-Wax, Indian Corn, and Public Securities, will be received in Payment.
Fort-Cumberland Nail-Manufactory.
At this place I make all sorts of Nails, Brads, Spikes, and SPRIGS, Which I will sell low for cash, or country produce. I also want a Number of NAILORS, that are good workmen, and I will give good wa- ges.
JOHN PEIRCE.
November 22, 1790.
N. B. At this place we work all Stone Coals.
F O R S A L E, A Valuable Plantation,
Situated in BERKELEY COUNTY, About 8 miles from SHEPHERD's-TOWN, and one mile from HALL's MILL, containing about 363 a- cres, 100 of which is now under improvement, has a good ORCHARD, with 120 bearing APPLE- TREES, a two-story stone DWELLING-HOUSE, with a KITCHEN, BARN, convenient OUT-HOU- SES, LOOM-HOUSE, DISTIL-HOUSE, &c. &c. There are on the above Land 20 Acres of excellent MEADOW, and a number more might easily be made. A stream of good water runs through the whole Meadow. The Plantation is under good im- provement. Whoever may incline to purchase the above Land, are requested to apply to the Subscri- ber, living on the premises.
THOMAS CROW.
November 23, 1790.
Foreign Advices.
CONSTANTINOPLE, July 18. THE ratification of the treaty concluded be- tween our court and Prussia being not yet ar- rived, several murmurs are prevalent; and not- withstanding the assurances of M. de Crobbledyff of the favourable intentions of his master, the Ka- dilesgier of Romelia, who signed the treaty, has been deposed, and the governor of Natolia appoin- ted his successor.
Frequent councils are held, composed of the great officers of the state; and the party who favour a general peace grow stronger and stronger.
The plague rather increases in this city and neighbourhood, but is entirely ceased at Smyrna.
MADRID, [Spain] August 20.
Our letters from Tangiers mention with horror the cruelties exercised by the new Emperor of Mo- rocco upon his subjects.
L O N D O N, August 31.
Soccoro, the commander of the Spanish fleet, is the same who, under the name of Solano, command- ed in America last war. The second in command is Joseph Mazzaredo: He was Major-General in the combined fleet of Orvilliers—an excellent offi- cer. There is also Vice-Admiral Borja. All four
gers are expressly forbidden to serve on board the fleet.
Within the last thirty or forty years, the people of this country have been more unusually expensive than they were at the close of the last half-century; there are more equipage, more diversions, and yet there are more wants: there are more fine gentle- men who keep shops, more bankrupts in the ga- zette, more ladies of taste, fewer housewives, more ostentation, less substance, more pomp, less hospi- tality, more expense and less frugality; our public debt is enormously increased, and we have public dependency without public-spirit.
Sept. 2. Ministers are said to have received an answer from America to an offer of a beneficial al- liance with this country, by which they might im- prove their views against their opulent neighbours the Spaniards; and that in founding the States on this important point, they do not find them so ea- ger for the connexion as they imagined. An an- swer, certainly not a decisive one, has been receiv- ed, and it has given no pleasure to our court. The American States said, as we are credibly informed, that they should be wanting in gratitude to the French, by whom they were supported, if they should make any such alliance without seeing what steps their good and great ally should take in case of a rupture between England and Spain. This, we learn, was the first observation made on the proposal, and the ministers have received within these few days.
Concerning the future augmentation and im- provement of the Spanish Navy, we may observe, that the Spanish Colonies might supply the mother country with all their ship-timber necessary for that service: There are great quantities in the mountains of Asturia and Navara; and particular- ly, in the Pyrenees, on the side of Arragon and Ca- talonia, there is a species of pine, more solid and durable than oak. But Spain has never derived all the advantages she might have done from these re- sources, and constantly depends on the Northern States, at least for a supply of masts. By the pub- lic accounts, it appears that 8,500,000 reals were paid for masts alone, brought from the North, be- tween the months of December, 1784, and 1785.
Sept. 4. In a letter just received from a friend at Petersburg, are the following curious particulars relative to the last naval fight between the Russi- ans and Swedes.
"The carnage in the late engagement between the galley fleets, when the King of Sweden com- manded in person, was dreadful. Eight Russian frigates commanded by foreigners, which came to the assistance of the galleys, are lost. Five Eng- lish Captains were killed, Farquason's two daugh- ters were made widows in one day. Dennison had his head shot off, and Trevenan is dead of his wounds. Poor Perry too; whose life only would make a wonderful history, has finished his career; a cannon ball took him in the middle, and he leaves a young wife who adored on him. Capt. Marshall however, is saved, he shot a Russian officer who was going to strike, when they had lost 200 out of 230 on board the ship, and as the vessel was sink- ing with the remaining thirty, he jumped into the water, and himself and five more of them were pick- ed up by other ships alive."
"In the last war between the Turks and Russi- ans, the Captains Perry and Dennison were Lieu- tenants on board Kinsbergen's, the present Dutch Ad- miral-ship, in the Black-Sea. They were attacked by three vessels of the enemy, two of superior and one of equal force; they fought with astonishing bravery, but seeing no prospect of saving their ship, and resolved not to be taken, they were preparing to blow her and themselves up, when just as they had taken a farewell of each other, the enemies steered off, and left these brave men for scenes of future glory."
The Empress was lately fully persuaded that she should have the King of Sweden in her palace at St. Petersburg, and had every thing in readiness to give him a warm reception.
We mentioned a few days since, that Lord Howe's fleet had been in a gale of wind; we find by official report, that many of the ships have lost their top- masts; but no serious accident has befallen any of them. The advices from his Lordship were bro't by the Drake sloop, commanded by captain Coun- ters.
The Irish papers, and several Irish societies, have very laudably taken up the subject of the pernicious consequences that arise to the lower class of people from the immoderate use of spirituous liquors. It is undeniable that in both countries, before the inven- tion of the distillers, we had a heartier and a hap- pier peasantry. But now, that not only the reve- nue is benefited in so high a degree from the spirit duties, and so many thousand persons are employ- ed in the various processes of the manufacture, or get their bread by the sale of it, it is extremely dif- ficult to attempt any remedy of the evil, conscious we are of its magnitude and extent.
Sept. 14. The Spanish Ambassador, it is assert- ed, is in hourly expectation of receiving despatches which are to determine whether he is to abide lon- ger with us, or bid adieu to a country which, from long residence, and habit of intimacy with most of our nobility and gentry, he is particularly attached to. His excellency has been heard more than once to declare to his friends, during the present dispute, that he hoped he should not be under the painful necessity of leaving them directly.
Despatches have been received at the Secretary of State's office, from New-Hampshire, in America: They contain an account of trade being brisk, and all remain quiet: The snow, which brought these despatches, is called the Statia, Captain Thompson, arrived in the Downs; she has brought over some capital remittances, and orders for great quantities of goods.
The conditions on which the King of Prussia undertook to make peace for the Turks, was in consideration of their advancing him the sum of ten millions of piastres, about 160,000 pounds sterling; which is considered as a most advantage- ous bargain, and has made the King extremely po- pular in his own country.
The magistrates of Stockholm have sent an or- der to the Governor of the Provinces, to issue no- tice in the King's name, that any of the farmers may have Russian prisoners to work for them, and that his Majesty will allow about three pence ster- ling per head daily, for such as are taken from him for such purpose.
A letter from Paris says, that 800 000. worth of salt petre is ordered to be made immediately, which is to be delivered rough into the Royal Arsenal. They have in Paris seventeen salt-petre works, which are governed by a company incorporated in the reign of Charles IX. and regulated by several statutes.
Tuesday a meeting of the privy council was held at the cockpit, summoned for the purpose of taking into consideration a report of Sir Joseph Banks, on the general question of admitting wheat, the pro- duce of the United States of America, detained at the ports of Liverpool, &c.
KINGSTON, (Jamaica) October 13.
To such Gallic spirits as thirst for war with Old England, and are disposed for political expe- riments, the present is certainly an important cri- sis; but those of more discerning and enlightened faculties, take time to contemplate an object so highly important; an object which involves in it the very existence of the French government, as newly modelled. The family compact between France and Spain is now entirely at an end; no compact can exist afresh, till one kingdom shall ef- fect a revolution as great and decisive as the other, or France shall return to a state of tyranny and u- very equal to that of Spain.
The real friends of France wish for peace with England; its enemies adopt the rathness of a ty- rant's cabinet; they pretend that an alliance with Spain would be highly beneficial; in short, from a natural prejudice which they have to England, they view her with the old rooted antipathy of their country. Unanimated by the noble ardour of li- berty, they prefer a junction with tyranny to the advantages of honorable peace with a nation dis- tinguished for freedom, arts, arms, and commerce.
Some French politicians, tinctured with insanity, have even imputed to England a design of usurpat- ion; with respect to the present state of their public affairs; whereas this country, from the very be- ginning of the French revolution, has been per- fectly amicable: Englishmen beheld the dawn of liberty in France with pleasure; and when they saw it rising progressively into splendour, they congratulated Frenchmen on their having thrown off the fetters of tyranny. With respect to the King of Spain, he has, in direct violation of all so- lemnity of treaty, grossly insulted the flag of Eng- land; but he now shudders at the resentment shewn by the British Ministry, and keeps off the blow by a timid negotiation. An usurper has no bounds to his pretensions: His creatures flatter his vanity; his foes provoke his ambition; and his govern- ment, by degrees, getting into a ferment, every corrupt humour in the state naturally gathers to- wards himself.
Flour, from the expectation of a sudden decrease in the supply of plantains, &c. has increased 15 per cent. in value. It was at first hoped that the destruction of vegetable provision was not exten- sive, but we fear the late gale was more widely dis- fusive of mischief among the articles of Negro-food than could be estimated at the moment in which it operated.
The House of Assembly in their ensuing session, will have a great deal of very important business to discuss, among which the least will not be the ques- tion of the ineligibility of judges to sit as Repre- sentatives in Assembly.

UNITED STATES.
B O S T O N, November 10.
The WESTERN POSTS, those barriers of the United States, are still retained by the British; and we are told, have lately been strengthened by additional fortifications and troops: that at Niagara in particular, the half pay officers therein have been put on the full pay establishment; and there appeared not the smallest prospect, that Great-Britain will ever peaceably relinquish those strong holds, which nature, and treaties made "in the name of the most holy and undivided Trinity," have given to the United States. It is said, "some constant good attends on ill," and some believe our having the jealous Spaniard on our southern and the aspiring Briton on our northern and western borders, are circumstances in which are to be found as much good as evil. "It will," say they, "prevent that indolence and inactivity which extensive empire, and security of possession, often introduce. It will teach us, that although we ought not to attack, we ought ever to be ready to defend; and that our territory is so extensive that it demands no addition." Plausible as these remarks may seem, the United States must appear pusillanimous in the eyes of nations, if the suffer her rightful territory to be hostily retained by a foreign power.
N E W - Y O R K, November 10.
We are favoured by a correspondent with the following exact account of the ships and men in the Grand Fleet under the command of Lord Howe:—
   No. Names. Guns. Men.    1 Queen Charlotte, 100 850  2 Royal George 100 800  3 Victory 100 800  4 Barfleur 90 780  5 London 90 750  6 Princess Royal 90 750  7 Impregnable 90 750  8 Formidable 90 750  9 Gibraltar 80 600  10 Arogant 74 600  11 Alcide 74 600  12 Bedford 74 600  13 Bellona 74 600  14 Bombay Castle 74 600  15 Brunswick 74 650  16 Carnatic 74 620  17 Cumberland 74 600  18 Culloden 74 600  19 Colossus 75 650  20 Courageux 74 650  21 Edgar 74 600  22 Egmont 74 600  23 Hannibal 74 600  24 Illustrious 74 600  25 Magnificent 74 600  26 Marlborough 74 600  27 Orion 74 600  28 Saturn 74 600  29 Valiant 74 600  30 Vengeance 74 600  31 Director 64 500  32 Roebuck (Hosp. Ship) 40 100  33 Minerva 36 260  34 La Hebe 40 280  35 Latona 36 200  36 Crescent 36 250  37 La Prudent 36 260  38 La Nymph 36 250  39 Iphigenia 22 220  40 Hind 28 200  41 Hussar 28 200  42 Drake (Brig) 18 80  43 Crefter do. 20 80  44 Resolution (Cutter) 18 50  45 Speedwell do. 18 50  46 Cockatrice do. 18 50  47 Typhoe (FireShip) 55  48 Spitfire do. 55  49 Sprightly (Cutter) 18 50  50 Nymph do. 18 50  
Number of cattle killed during the time in the Bay, 920.
While nations, hitherto galled by the yoke of tyranny, are emancipating themselves; it happens by an odd coincidence, that the Bones of the friends of Liberty are now sought after; should Oliver's skeleton and Milton's be discovered, what a price the soul of the one and the jaw of the other, will fetch! when even the stones of the Bastile are sold by the pound!
Extract of a letter from London, dated Sept. 2.
"It is thought if our grand fleet under Lord Howe, should return into port without having an opportunity, or from any other cause, failing to engage the Spaniards to advantage, that such event will operate considerably against Mr. Pitt's popularity, the balance of which appears at this time to be not more than even; a small matter will bring it into the lighter scale. The taxes are at present so extremely burthensome that this circumstance alone already occasions not a little ill-nature, and not a few severe reflections upon his administration. The more moderate people here with that our immense armaments had been determined till such times as every attempt toward negotiation had failed, and every possibility of amicably accommodating the matter had vanished. Then it
would have been time enough to interrupt our trade (the sinew of war) by keeping our best seamen, as they are at present, cooped up in a state of inaction on board the men of war. When this disastrous event of Nootka Sound took place, the nation was beginning to get into a thriving condition, we were reducing the principal of our national debt, and things began to have a propitious aspect—now we are going down hill again—nearly two millions and an half are already added, and more will be added to grind the faces of ourselves and posterity. Could I but get rid of my property here to any advantage, a tract of land in your American woods, under your beneficent and enlightened government, would be the summit of my wishes."
Extract of a letter from an American now in Britain, to his friend in Philadelphia.
"Since my arrival in this country, in the course of my travels, I have been astonished at the vast number of poor, who with the utmost difficulty can procure a subsistence, for this country is exceedingly populous, and filling fast with inhabitants since the late peace. In the course of journeying I have often conversed with them, and I find many of them would be very willing to emigrate to America, notwithstanding the severe laws enacted of late years against enticing tradesmen and handicrafts away, and the many publications by those in power here, describing America as a very miserable refuge to the poor of this country. Any person may go abroad to America, provided he carries no tools used in manufactures along with him, and paying his freight (for no ship-master or any person dare intend to go to America, a tradesman or any person, under a penalty of 700l. and twelve months imprisonment.) Now a tradesman in Britain, much more in any other part of Europe, never can raise or command so much money at one time as will pay his freight, five or six pounds sterling the freight charged, no tradesman here is ever able to muster, on account of the high price of provisions and the low wages they get. The friends of America and of the poor in Europe, think it would be the interest of the United States, and the only means of introducing manufacturers (considering their great distance from all the manufacturing nations in Europe) to grant a bounty to ship-masters, who bring over Tradesmen only from Europe, of two or three pounds for each mechanic brought over; this would enable tradesmen to muster up as much as the ship-master would in that case demand for his passage."
"If this was thought too much for the states to do for all tradesmen, it might be confined to particular trades only, though it is certain, that every tradesman imported from Europe, would, in the course of a few months only, be a gain to the country of much more than all the bounty paid out by the states."
"P. S. If the Congress did not choose to be at the expence, might not private societies be established in the great sea-port towns, such as Boston, New-York, Philadelphia, &c. &c. who would give bounties on particular trades only, such as Tanners, after plenty of that branch had arrived, they might alter it to Weavers and Brewers, or any trade that was thought proper, altering the branch always as there seemed a demand."
"It is amazing the great benefit that accrues to the landed interest of America, by a tradesman working up or manufacturing the goods upon the spot, all the provisions he consumes, all the raw materials he works up, and all that is consumed by his family when they enclease, is the product of the lands of America. Here arises a constant and steady market for the farmer, no risk by sea, no stoppage by European prohibitions, nor no decrease of demand by heavy duties and rivalry in Europe."
Extract of a letter from an American in Scotland, to his friend here.
"Notwithstanding the pompous accounts that are constantly published in the British papers (said to be from authority) of the weekly increase of their revenue, and gasconading account published a few days before the sitting down of Parliament, in which the excess of the taxes was said to yield two millions, after paying interest, national expences, and the million to pay off the debt. I find many people who are very sensible, and assure me these are all ministerial tricks. And they have pointed out to me in old papers, a constant course of this carried on during the regency bill, when their King was bad; yet in two months after their King was recovered it was found necessary to borrow one million upon Tontine, and 200 000l. upon short annuities. The British and the Scotch papers are filled very much with boasting now. For my part notwithstanding all the gasconadings of Mr. Pitt, and the four or five millions of the national debt that has actually been paid off, Britain stands but in a very tottering way, every thing is taxed to the utmost. Their paper currency is so very plenty that it can scarcely be encreased, not one gold guinea is seen for one thousand paper ones that passes, but as their bank notes meet with due honour, they pass equal with gold or silver. Their national debt is so great, that the first war, if it comes in the course of eight or ten years, will increase it far beyond the present extent, and how they are to pay the interest then I cannot perceive, for already above fifty pounds a head is raised of every individual, one with another."
A N E C D O T E.
When the late Mr. Holt (Printer) first set up a News-Paper in this city, one of his earliest subscribers happened to be a person from the vicinity of Albany, who was rich, but well known to be of a
narrow penurious disposition. At the end of the first year the Printer sent him the account of the yearly subscription, requesting it might be discharged by the first opportunity. No answer, however, came; and things ran on in the same manner for the term of eighteen years, at the conclusion of which time, Mr. Holt, as may be well supposed, being out of all patience with his customer, had the whole amount made out and sent to him, adding, at the foot thereof, that if it was not paid, he would discontinue sending any more News Papers. The Subscriber having read over the account, when presented, exclaimed, with a disdainful sneer, What an ungrateful man have I to do with! I was one of the very first that encouraged his paper by subscribing, and this is the return he makes me!
G O S H E N, (New-York State) November 9.
On Friday afternoon was united, by the advice and consent of the Court of Sessions, Miss HAZLE, to the bare back of Mr. Cornelius O'Neil, in consequence of his having made love to a variety of charmers, and being discovered in so close intimacy with the various objects of his attachment as rendered it absolutely necessary and lawful to celebrate the nuptials, when, in the presence of a large audience assembled on the occasion, the parties embraced each other with thirty-nine hearty smacks, to the entire satisfaction of the spectators—But as nothing violent is counted lasting, the parties directly discovered a coolness; and Mr. O'Neil, agreeably to the advice of his counsel, eloped within 48 hours, thoroughly determined never again to enter the county. According to all appearances, this is not the first time this unfortunate man has been united to so tart a companion.
P H I L A D E L P H I A, November 16.
Extract of a letter from a gentleman in New-Orleans to his friend in this city, dated June 27.
"Nothing material has occurred since my last letter of the 19th of March past. I have continued to enjoy a good state of health, and have met with as much success as the circumstance of the time would permit. The misfortune of the Planters in having four-fifths of their last crop of tobacco refused by the King, has effected every body, and caute a greater stagnation of business than was ever known before; however, I am in hopes to make my voyage profitable. I am yet unable to say when I shall be at liberty to return, but expect to accomplish it next spring—at least no exertions on my part shall be wanting."
"I am just returned from the Natchez, an English settlement, subject to the Spaniards, about 300 miles from this place. The land is high, uneven, and timbered; the soil very fertile, and the climate favourable to every thing but wheat which is mildewed by the damps that arise from the amazing quantity of contiguous low land, that is annually covered in many feet of water, by the rising of the river, which is seldom less than forty feet. The west side of the Mississippi is subject to these inundations from its mouth, many hundred miles upwards; and westward over a large tract of country. The east side on which Orleans is situated, is banked from about 10 leagues below the city up to Balton Rouge, which is a point of high land jutting on the river for a little distance, then retiring approaches the river again in a circular direction, forming large tracts of valuable cypress swamp. Here you find a fort and garrison, at which travellers stop to show their passports to the Commandant."
"Many of the planters are wealthy, live well, and drink good wine; they are the most hospitable, friendly people, I have ever met with, mostly Virginians. Their chief attention is directed to the culture of tobacco and corn, and the raising of cattle; it is not uncustomary for a planter to have 3 or 400 calves every year. They pay no taxes of any kind, and, independent of their having no share in government, are a very free people. Governor Guisofo presides over the Natchez district, and although appointed by the Court, yet he is inferior, and subject to have his conduct investigated by the Governor of this place; his absence is supplied by a commandant, who is generally an officer of distinction. I have the honour of being acquainted with Guisofo, and find him an amiable man."
"They have some good streams, supplied with a variety of fish, larger of their kind than yours. The cat-fish of the river weighs from 30 to 120lb. their wells are remarkable deep—from 100 to 150 feet, yet the water is not as cool as that which flows from our common springs."
"They have plenty of peaches, figs, plums, blackberries, straw-berries, grapes, &c. a few apples, but no pears or cherries, their woods abound with deer and turkies in season, bears, tygers and wolves—their waters with a variety of wild fowl, not equal in quality to yours, serpents of many kinds, lizards, &c. the rattle and water mocazon, extremely venomous; the first of these grow remarkably large, and the latter is noted for its virulency. They have most of the birds common to the states—with others not found there, as the partoque, &c."
"Accounts from the West-Indies inform, that in July and August there was very blowing weather in several of the islands—particularly at Jamaica, Barbados, and Antigua: At the first island great damage was done to the shipping—and many lost—the buildings, canes, and plantain-walks, have also suffered much."
"The revolution in France has produced one very extraordinary event—and that is, the emigration of a large number of the citizens of that kingdom

to the United States: Among these are several persons who enjoyed titles of honour and distinction, and possessed large fortunes in that country. These emigrants have arrived in different parts of the continent, at Alexandria, Philadelphia, and New-York: They have already begun their settlement at Scioto, in the Ohio Country—many of them possess great property—and, being men of learning and abilities, and provided with an extensive library, and a philosophical apparatus, the rigours of their hardy attempt in settling an uncultivated wilderness, will be abated by a variety of objects which are seldom connected with similar enterprises.
How truly blessed are the natives of this highly favoured country! where all that dignifies and ennobles the human mind is the birth-right of the citizen: A conscious independence of spirit designates their early childhood, and gathers strength with increasing years—and as they advance in life, liberty, refined and secured by equal laws, gives full scope to all the best faculties of the soul—
No feudal system binds them to the soil; No chieftain grasps the profits of their toil; Secure from clerical and despotic power, Sweet hope hangs pendant in the industrious hour.
Thursday last arrived in town from Boston, SAMUEL ALLYNE OTIS, Esq. Secretary of the Senate of the United States.
Friday afternoon the VICE PRESIDENT of the United States, arrived in this city, from New-York. Also, the Hon. WILLIAM SMITH, member of the House of Representatives of the United States from South Carolina.
The trade and commerce of these United States have been greatly benefited by the late regulations at the General Post-Office, whereby the Mail has been, since the beginning of the present year, transported five times a week, between the Metropolis and the city of New-York. And we are able to assure our readers, from respectable authority, that the Post-Master General is determined to have the Mail transported, five times a week, between New-York and Baltimore, after the first day of January next.
In the last Thursday's paper we informed our readers that 28 Frenchmen, part of those arrived here in the ship Citoyens de Parts , had left this place for the thriving settlement of Scioto. We have since been informed, and with pleasure we communicate it, that the number was much more considerable. From undoubted authority we can assure the publick, that the settlers were 75 in number.
Nov. 23. A gentleman who arrived in town on Friday from Alexandria, informs: That a vessel had arrived there from Dunkirk, and brought accounts dated first of October, which state, That a full accommodation of all differences had taken place between Spain and England.
By a London paper of 18th September it appears that PEACE was proclaimed at Stockholm, capital of Sweden, the 31st August.
The prodigious demand for American produce the last year has been productive of the greatest agricultural exertions the last season;—and our labours have been crowned with abundant success. The consequence has been a reduction in the prices—but not so great, we trust, as to operate unfavourably: It would be a great misfortune indeed, should this circumstance slacken our industry or discourage our enterprise.—It is doubtless the policy of the United States not only to make our stores so abundant as out of the excess to be able to supply the whole world beside; but also, if possible, to make it for the interest of all other nations to trade with us, by affording absolutely the cheapest market.
How various are the sentiments of mankind upon the same subject! While some have supposed that the United States might derive a revenue by a tax on emigration to this country—others propose that a bounty should be paid on the importation of foreign artisans. Whatever may be the result of such a proposition, certain it is, that no country ever afforded such inducements to emigrants; for it may be pretty safely asserted, that every industrious sober mechanic or husbandman, who once fixed his foot on these hospitable shores, never had cause to regret the change of hemisphere.
While the United States more than realize the anticipations of the friends to the present constitution—not one of the numerous forebodings of its enemies have ever come to pass; these things ought to be had in remembrance, for though comparisons are odious, they sometimes answer very valuable purposes.
The present is undoubtedly one of the most interesting periods in the history of man: The world is in labour—and liberty we trust will ere long open its eyes on every nation under heaven. The human mind, as if inspired with new faculties, now penetrates through the thick veil of error and prejudice, and dares to think for itself. The rights of our species are justly appreciated, and properly asserted: Opinions derive no longer a sanctity from the rust of age, and the cobwebs of antiquity:—America set the glorious example—and the flame has spread from nation to nation, till the most degraded people now declare they will be free.
A correspondent observes, that as there are no land-jobbers in the United States, it is somewhat surprising that the treaty with the Creek nation should have been so indecently attacked, as it appears to have been in some of the late papers: Had the case been otherwise and individuals or companies conceived themselves injured by the treaty's contravening their right to millions of acres fairly purchased, and solemnly ceded by the whole Creek nation, we might have expected to hear that the President and Senate of the United States, with all
the executive officers of government were jammed into the commissioner's closet to fabricate this odious treaty; but, as before observed, no land-jobbers existing in the United States, the outrageous insult to government is truly unaccountable.
BALTIMORE, November 23.
Among the many instances of industry, ingenuity, enterprise and public-spirit, in the prosecution of agriculture, commerce and manufactures, which have distinguished the citizens of the United States, it is with great pleasure we are able to acquaint the public, that a society of respectable gentlemen of this place, have raised an adequate fund, for the establishment of an extensive Manufacture of GUN-POWDER, and that the necessary mill-works will be speedily erected in the vicinity of this town.—This important institution will not only prove highly advantageous to this state and town, but may, if properly encouraged, become a National Benefit. It is hoped the citizens of Baltimore, in particular, will cheerfully encourage this laudable undertaking, remembering the wise observation, that "having lived long enough for the profit of others, it is high time we begin to live for ourselves."
A writer in an Eastern news-paper, under the signature of "PHILO.W.—," thus observes:— "The changes and chances that happen in this whirligig world, are indeed wonderful! In France they are now destroying and throwing away all hereditary titles and nominal honours, while we, in America, are manufacturing and multiplying them more than ever! Doctor de la Fayette (formerly Marquis de la Fayette) has lately been ADVANCED to that honour by the faculty at Princeton college, and the manufactory there of honorable titles, is in a more flourishing state than ever! It would not be surprising if some of our universities were to honour Lewis the Sixteenth (titular monarch of France) with the title of Doctor of Laws. The Dauphin (as the heir-apparent of France was formerly called) will, no doubt, at a proper age have L. L. D. added to his name by the university of Vermont if the university of the ancient dominion of Virginia do not first catch the idea, and confer that honour upon the young Prince, I should say young Gentleman, for the word Prince, it seems is to be thrown out of the French dictionary. Most of the great officers of the United States might wear our homespun titles, as well as our home spun broadcloths, and thereby do great honour to our country. Aggredere ob magnos aderit jam tempus bonis , says Virgil. Come forward, M c Gillivray and take your title! the honour of L. L. D. awaits you."
Paragraph from the NEW-YORK Journal.
"We learn from Philadelphia, that the Streets of that City swarm with OFFICE-HOLDERS, PRIVATE-SECRETARIES, MERCHANT-BARBERS, FRISEURS, PERIWIG-MAKERS, TAILORS, SHOEMAKERS, OFFICE-HUNTERS, SHORTHAND WRITERS, and COURTING-PRINTERS, from every Quarter, particularly from New York. It is said the City cannot afford houses for this formidable Group—but the melancholy situation of this HOUSELESS Company will be rendered much more agreeable before the COLD SEASON of next summer; for, it is said, that masons and carpenters have actually contracted to build upwards of 500 houses NEXT SPRING!"
FREDERICK-TOWN, November 27.
At a County Court, begun and held in this town, Tuesday the 16th inst. came on the trial of John York , for stealing three horses, viz. two from Buitin Dur, and one from John Stoner. It appeared, during the course of the trial, that the prisoner was found in possession of the horses; and that they had been stolen from the two persons above mentioned. The Jury, after retiring a few minutes found him guilty.
The prisoner being a cripple, and unfit to make that atonement which the law required (by working at the wheelbarrow) the Court thought proper to alter the punishment to DEATH; and sentence was immediately pronounced against this unhappy man, by the Worshipful UPTON SHERIDAN, Esq.
WINCHESTER, December 1.
From a CORRESPONDENT.
"On Friday last Doctor JAMES MEDLICOT was executed, agreeably to the sentence at the last District Court. The premature fatality of his end should be a lasting admonition to defective experience, who enter carelessly, thoughtlessly, and with unsuspecting sincerity on the great theatre of life. The numerous avenues which are always open to vice, and the fascinating allurements often thrown out to attract undistinguished generosity, produce the most lamentable miseries in every department.—Men whose talents might make them useful—men whose virtuous exertions might make them agreeable, have generally the greatest aptitude to plunge into the ocean of vice and dissipation. Genius is very seldom to be confined within the pale of dull propriety; eccentricity, its constant associate, leads it on to absurdity, and soon its beautiful blossoms are blasted by error, and dire corruption cankers the root.—Thus, POOR MEDLICOT, thou didst become a victim to ignominy by the intemperance of thy passions—but thy bitterest enemies cannot asperse thy integrity—they cannot accuse thee of triumphing over wretched distress—they cannot accuse thee of supporting existence by dishonorable means, or unmanly subterfuge. Even thy last rash act, thoughtless, unfortunate, and fatal as
it terminated, was the unhappy result of momentous, unreflecting indignation. With all thy follies—with all thy foibles—with all thy weaknesses, hardly hast thou been used—cruelly hast thou been treated—bitterly must thy nature have suffered from the scorn of the unworthy—Thy most poignant calumniators and babbling adversaries may now surely be at rest, "FOR COLD THOU LIEST IN THE GRAVE BELOW!"—Surviving truth will yet vindicate thy manes from the rude and wicked attacks of detraction. Upstarts, who wear the garb of tinted finery, as a passport for their ignorance, ought indeed to feel some compunction for their villainous conduct, when they reflect, that there is a GREAT AND ALMIGHTY GOD, who knows the secret of every heart, and the purity of every thought.
On Saturday last, a melancholy accident happened at Isaac Perkins's new mill, about one mile from this town. A boy of nine years of age, by some means got entangled in the wheel, while the mill was at work, and the bruises he received in this truly pitiable situation, put a period to his existence. A Coroner's inquest sat on the body, who brought in their verdict, accidental death.
SHEPHERD'S-TOWN, December 6.
THIS DAY the CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES convened in the City of PHILADELPHIA.—The proceedings of this session will be particularly interesting to this State and that of Maryland, as, it is supposed, the first business that will come before that august Body will be the FINAL determination on the spot whereon to erect the GRAND FEDERAL BUILDINGS.
Monday last the PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES left his seat at Mount Vernon, and proceeded on his tour to Philadelphia.
General MATTHEWS, one of the Representatives in Congress from the State of Georgia, passed thro' this town on Wednesday last, on his way to Philadelphia.—And, on Friday following, left this town, on his journey to Philadelphia, the Hon. ALEXANDER WHITE, Esq. Representative from this State in Congress.
The subscriptions lately obtained from individuals in this town and its vicinity, to be applied towards erecting the Federal Buildings, under certain conditions, amounted to upwards TWENTY THOUSAND DOLLARS.
In our last we mentioned, that some extraordinary circumstances took place at the execution of the unfortunate Medlicot , at Winchester. Our accounts at that time were rather exaggerated:—the report of his being still living was premature; however, many experiments were made use of to restore him to life, such as bleeding, rubbing with salt, &c. &c. but every attempt proved vain and unsuccessful—"He that sheddeth Man's blood, by Man shall his blood be shed." Holy writ.
Extract of a letter from St. Eustatius, dated 14th October.
"General Damas and a party are incamped at a place called Trinity in Martinico, in consequence of being much persecuted by the commonality who are exceedingly riotous both at St. Pierre and Fort-Royal, and have proceeded so far as to fit out armed vessels, to intercept and confiscate every vessel that they take in carrying supplies to the Aristocrats, as they call the General (very improperly) who received his commission from the National Assembly."
EXTRACTS.
A Gallows, like the forbidden tree, gives at once both death and knowledge.
Of all knaves your fools are the worst, because they rob you both of your time and temper.
SIMPLICITY, on Disappointment, is received, and shall have a place in the Seat of the Mules, in our next.
A Stray.
CAME to the Plantation of the Sub-scriber, about a month ago, a small black GELDING, about four years old. He is posted and appraised to forty-two billings Virginia Currency.—The owner may have him by proving his property and paying charges.
GILES COOKE, sen.
December 3, 1790.
WANTED, A GOOD MILCH COW.
Any person who has one to dispose of, may hear of a purchaser, by applying to the Printer.
** Advertisements of a moderate length, are inserted in this paper three weeks, for One Dollar.

SEAT OF THE MUSES.
Favourite AIRS in the Dramatic Pastoral, intitled WILLIAM and NANNY.
WILLIAM.
SEE, the lilly silver white! See the rose with bluthes bright! Cou'd they both in one combine, Matchless wou'd their beauties shine: But that blest unrival'd grace, Is only found in Nanny's face.
NANNY.
Lovely is the breezy morn, When the dew-drop decks the thorn; Gentle is the sober eve, When the flocks their pastures leave: Such life, such gentleness are join'd, And meet at once in William's mind.
WILLIAM AND NANNY.
DUETTINO.
Sweet the lilly's snowy bloom! Sweet the rose's fresh perfume! Sweet the morn's enliv'ning ray! Sweet the gentle close of day! But ah! what can mortals prove Half so sweet as mutual love?
NANNY.
If a lover won't give over, But persists to urge his flame; And still woos her, still pursues her, Is a harmless maid to blame? With his sighing, and his dying, And his piteous plaintive moan; Then complaining her disdaining— Sure the fault is all his own.
A N E C D O T E.
A MEDICAL imposter, meeting with a clergyman, who is celebrated for his good sense and literary abilities, declared he could discover any disease and all the symptoms attending it, by the pulse, without any information from the patient respecting his particular feelings. The Rev. gentleman, being himself an invalid, requested the Doctor to examine his pulse, and with necromantic phiz, pretended to describe the disease, and all the feelings which his patient experienced; but, not being right in his conjectures, he was permitted to repeat his trial several times; until, observing on the countenance of his patient a contemptuous smile, the Doctor passionately exclaimed, "I suppose, Sir, you think I am a fool." "Upon my word, Doctor, replied the Clergyman, "you have more sense than I expected, for you can discover a man's thoughts by his pulse."
ON HOPE.
HOPE, thou best gift of heaven! when the gloom of distress gathers around me, let me never know the want of thy cheering ray. But can I ever want thy presence? I am ready to hope my sufferings will have their change; when I consider the perpetual change of nature, I see the rudest form succeeded by the gentlest calm; the dullness of night, by the light of day; and the thick-gathered clouds dispersed by a breath; making the wide expanse fair to view. All the distresses of nature are thus changed to cheerfulness. And so with man, the rude blast of fortune subsides into the calm of patience: our congregated griefs are eased by a shower of tears; and heart oppressive sorrow is dispersed by the ray of hopeful expectation. Thus our afflictions, like envenomed serpents, bear with them an antidote for their own poison.
When I consider the changes of man, Hope is always my companion: Fortune's wheel of life, being in continual rotation, is the cause that some descend, others ascend; and if I be now on the lowest spoke, unless its motion stop, I may reasonably expect to be higher: at any rate, there is the comfort, I cannot be lower than the lowest. As the sun doth not stop in its meridian glory, but continues to decline till entirely set, so let not the man, who hath reached the pinnacle of his ambition, exult, but rather fear his approaching decline, which soon may end, and not leave a trace of his having so gloriously existed.
I have always thought Hope that gale of life, which fills the sails of our bark, and prevents its laying as a hulk on this sea of troubles. Another reason I am never without the comforts of Hope is, when I reflect that every man hath his different
course, how then can the gale at one time be propitious to us all? While it is adverse to me, others are sailing to their desired port: the then whispers me, despair not, to-morrow the wind may change, so as to waft you to the port of your desire.
JUST PUBLISHED AT BALTIMORE,
And to be SOLD, by W. GODDARD and J. ANGELL,
WHOLESALE AND RETAIL, T H E Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland and Virginia
ALMANACK,
A N D E P H E M E R I S, For the YEAR of our LORD,
1791;
CONTAINING,
The Motions of the Sun and Moon, the true Places and Aspects of the Planets, the Rising and Setting of the Sun, and the Southing, Rising, Setting, Place, and Age of the Moon, &c.—The Lunations, Conjunctions, Eclipses, Judgment of the Weather, Festivals and other remarkable Days; Days for holding Courts in Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, and Virginia—Observations on the peculiar Delightfulness of Astronomy—A pleasing and affecting Story of the great Montesquieu—Nine Extracts from the Commonplace-Book of the Kentucky Philosopher, an American Sage, viz.—On Anger—Piety the Foundation of Morals—On Sincerity—Appearances often deceitful—The Consolation; a Maxim—Sayings and Sentiments of Wise Men on Temperance and Intemperance, &c. &c.—The Wite Man; or the Mute—Thoughts on Happiness—Mosaic Account of the Creation proved to be agreeable to the Newtonian Philosophy—Several valuable Agricultural Receipts, viz.—To multiply the Increase of Corn of any Kind—To prevent the Smut in Wheat—To prepare Seed to be sown on poor sandy Land; Six different highly approved Receipts—A Method of having large Crops of Wheat and other Grain—Various useful Receipts and Directions—1. Against the infectious Distemper among the horned Cattle—2. Dr. Malone's famous Recipe for a Cold—3. Cure for Deafness, or a dry Ear—4. The famous American Receipt for the Rheumatism—5. Receipt for the Cure of the Stone and Gravel—6. To make white Diachylon Plaster—7. Diachylon with the Gums—8. An excellent Strengthening-Plaster—9. Turner's Cerate, for Burns and Scalds—10. To make an excellent Drink which has been found, on repeated Trials, to be of singular Use in Summer Months, especially while the weather is very warm—11. To make Methelgin—12. To make and preserve Cider in the most easy Manner—13. To make Molasses of Apples—14. An approved Method to preserve the fine Flavour of Butter—15. To prevent Slugs getting into Fruit Trees.—POETRY—an elegant and interesting Hymn of Thanks for the Fruits, &c. of the Earth—On the Bills of Mortality—The Man of Business—Humorous Report of an adjudged Case, between Nose and Eyes—An instructive Epitaph—Epigram; on the Phrase "Killing Times"—An expeditious Method of finding the interest of any Sum of Money for any Number of Days, at the Rate of Six per Cent.—Reduction of the Currencies of the United States in Pounds, Shillings, Pence, &c. into milled Dollars—Reduction of Spanish milled Dollars, &c.—Table of the Weight and Value of Coins—Table shewing the Value of any Number of Dollars, from 1 to 1000, in the Currencies of New-Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, and Maryland—Scale of Depreciation, formed from the Observation of accurate Gentlemen in Baltimore-Town, for the Years 1777, 1778, 1779, 1780, and 1781—Scale of Depreciation, fixed by the General Assembly of Pennsylvania, for adjusting and settling the Payment of Debts and Contracts entered into and made between the first Day of January, 1777, and the first Day of March, 1781—A Table for Chesapeake-Bay—Friends' Yearly and General Meetings—Roads, &c. &c.—The whole comprising a greater, more pleasing, and useful Variety, than any Work of the Kind and Price in NORTH-AMERICA, "The Heavens and Earth God's handy Works proclaim, While Saints and Angels join to praise his NAME."
Wanted immediately, by the Printer hereof,
A N active, sober Man, who will undertake the business of Post-Riding. The tour for which he is wanted may be accomplished in two days in each week. Good encouragement will be given.
A L S O,
A strong active Lad, who has received a tolerable education, would be taken as an Apprentice to the Printing-Business.
TREASURY DEPARTMENT, Sept. 20, 1790.
IT is hereby made known, that the following arrangement has been adopted towards carrying into execution the Act, making provision for the debt of the United States, viz.
Loan-Office Certificates, and those issued by the Commissioners for the adjustment of accounts in the several States, will be receivable only at the Treasury and by the respective Commissioners of Loans within the States in which they were respectively issued. The Certificates issued by the Register of the Treasury, by the Pay Master General and Commissioner of Army Accounts, by the Commissioners for the adjustment of the Accounts of the Quarter Master's, Commissary's, Hospital, Cloathing, & Marine Departments, Indents of Interest, and Bills of Old Omission, will be receivable indiscriminately at the Treasury and by the Commissioners of all the States. The situation of the Checks has dictated this arrangement for the greater security of the public against impositions by forged or counterfeit paper, and the details which have been adopted from the same consideration for the execution of the business are such, as will give facility and dispatch, if application from the Holders of Certificates of the Register of the Treasury and of the Paymaster General, and commissioner of Army Accounts, and of the Commissioners of the five Departments above mentioned are made in the first instance at the Treasury; and if applications from the Holders of Loan Office Certificates, and Certificates issued by the Commissioners for the adjustment of Accounts in the respective States, are made in like manner to the Commissioners of Loans within the States in which they were issued. Transfers can afterwards be made to any Office that the Proprietors of these Certificates may desire.
The Printers in the several States are requested to insert this.
PREPARING FOR THE PRESS,
And soon will be published,
THE MIRROR,
A P O E M:
Containing IMPARTIAL LIKENESSES of the characters in Winchester; drawn carefully, with an uncommon share of accuracy.
NUMEROUS men, in num'rous shapes we'll view, Through this clear MIRROR, impartial and true; Some with sad horror, here will see their face, And find each feature, mark'd with vile disgrace: Others with conscious courage in their breast, May see DAME VIRTUE in their looks express: These are the contrasts, held to public view, To aid faint worth—and dullness to subdue.
BERKELEY COUNTY,
THIS is to give notice to all persons, that I have given my promissary notes, bearing date the 31st day of August, 1789, to the amount of forty pounds, payable at different times, two for fifteen pounds, and one for ten pounds, Pennsylvania money, unto a certain PHILIP MILLER, for a tract of land, which notes I forewarn any person or persons to take an assignment of, as I will not pay them until he makes me a title according to bargain.
MATHIAS RISER.
Notice!
WHEREAS my Wife Catharine Lindsey, for a long time past, has behaved herself in an unbecoming manner, which I have suffered with every fortitude I was master of, but, on my late return from Winchester, I not only discovered her criminally connected with another man, but that she had run me in debt at several places in this town—I therefore am, in justice to myself, obliged to forbid all persons trusting her in future on my account, as I will pay no debt of her contracting, after this date.
DAVID LINDSEY.
Shepherd's-Town, November 23, 1790.
Wanted immediately,
A lower Room and
Chamber. One in the Front Street will be preferred. Apply to the Printer.
ENGLISH and German
Almanacks for 1791
May be had at the Printing-Office.
May be had at the Printing-Office hereof,
Blank Deeds of bar-
gain and sale—Common Bonds, &c. &c.