The Virginia gazette (Williamsburg [Va.]), 1775-10-14 00:00:00

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An historical account of the attempt of PHILIP II. King of SPAIN, to deprive the Low COUNTRIES of their LIBERTIES, by which he finally lost seven of those provinces.
THE Kings of Spain, in that day, were great and puissant Monarchs, and had a greater revenue than any Prince in Christendom at that time received (France excepted) and were masters of more goodly jewels, magnificent furniture, &c. than any three of the greatest Princes in all Europe; and there were belonging to that empire 17 provinces, known by the name of Belgium, the Netherlands, or Low Countries, containing nearly three millions of souls; which, while they enjoyed their liberties, were rich and flourishing, and afforded Spain a revenue of three million of crowns annually, and in a great measure supported the glory of the Spanish kingdom, being to them tantamount to both the Indies.
Charles V. father of Philip, was so sensible of this, that at his death he commended these provinces to his son, advising him to use them kindly, as being the chief supporters of his state and glory; adding, that if he should deal otherwise with them, it would prove the ruin of his fortune. [So, by the way, his Royal Highness Frederick, the late Prince of Wales, father to the present King, had the like opinion of these American colonies; telling the late Sir William Pepperell that it was his full persuasion, that if the connection should be broke between them and us, Great Britain would become a province of France within three years.]
But, to go on with our history: Such was the loyalty, and even generosity, of these provinces, and so great their desire of the young Prince's favour, that, upon his accession to the Crown, they made him a present of forty millions of florins.
But his father's advice, and all their good services, were soon forgot by the young Prince; and he, transported with ambition and catholic zeal, envied them their privileges, civil and religious; and as soon as he had concluded a peace with France, meditated a plan for subjecting all these provinces to his absolute will and pleasure, thinking to fleece them more effectually, like the man in the fable, whose hen laid him a golden egg every day, but would needs kill her, thinking to have all at once.
And, accordingly, soon began to oppress them most cruelly (the particulars of which cannot be enumerated) and set task-masters over them, unconstitutionally and rapaciously to squeeze them, and extort their money from them: And, to force them in religious matters, he set up the bloody tribunal of the INQUISITION; that disgrace of human nature! And when the people were forced, in their own defence, to resist, he sent that old soldier, the bloody Duke of Alva, with puissant troops, to be quartered among them, to compel them by fire and sword, constituting him, at the same time, Governor (or Viceroy) and General; and gave him a commission of that large extent, that he might place and displace whom he would, and EXECUTE ALL WHOM HE SHOULD FIND OPPOSITE TO HIS DESIGNS.
But these orders were kept secret at first, till he had trappanned, seized, and EXECUTED two of their leaders, viz. the Counts Horn and Egmont, who were so deceived by flattering accounts that they believed no danger till it was too late; they were beheaded in the year 1567, and afterwards divers others of quality who stood in their way.
But the Prince of Orange and his brother (Count Ludowick) still remained at their head, and kept the Duke of Alva employed, though with various success, for some time, till at length the Prince was treacherously killed.
But Alva, bloody as he was, did not go fast enough for those who employed him; and at length was recalled, and another Governor (Don Lewis) appointed in his room; and after him, Don John. But, before his arrival, the people recovered a little, and published a manifesto to all people, that Philip of Spain was fallen from the government: And they took an oath of the people, never to return to the Spanish obedience; and then elected for their King, Francis, Duke of Anjou, heir apparent to the Crown of France, who they hoped would have married Elizabeth, Queen of England; but that marriage failing, and soon perceiving that he intended to settle a TYRANNY, he was repulsed, grieved, and died.
The Duke of Parma came next as their Governor, in great wrath, who reduced them to a worse state than ever, prevailing almost every where, especially after the death of William Prince of Orange. And now they seemed to be truly miserable, for there was no going back, but with despair of pardon; and they had none to lead them, or protect them. At length they applied to Queen Elizabeth, and offered her the sovereignty of their provinces; which she generously refused, and yet took them under her protection.
This gave them new life. And though it was 40 years that this contest lasted, and ten of the seventeen provinces submitted to Spain (the whole of whom were not equal in numbers to the English American colonies) yet the seven held out to the end; and finally, after they had suffered abundance on both sides (anno 1609) Philip was obliged (though full fraught with Spanish pride) to make an advantageous peace with them, as with a free state, relinquishing all right and title to them. Thus, instead of reducing them to his will, by his pride and folly, he lost near one half, as to number and value, of those most valuable provinces, spent above one hundred millions of crowns in carrying on that unnatural war, and lost four hundred thousand men: He then sat down by the loss, and left them, perhaps,
the happiest people under Heaven; or, at least, they soon became so.
Whether this resembles any case that now exists, and may resemble it in the issue, every one is left to conjecture who is acquainted with the present crisis, and Heaven to determine by the event.
From the ST. JAMES'S CHRONICLE.
TO THE MINISTER.
MY LORD, SUCH was the cruelty and barbarity of the rebels, that they scalped and cut off the ears of some of the wounded men who fell into their hands." O the bloody minded villains! Nay, nay, if that be the case (cry the old women) I am against the Americans now. Let them all be cut to pieces; the sooner the better." That such should be the language of credulity of old women, male and female, is not wonderful. Your Lordship's consummate knowledge of the world informed you, that some women and children may be frighted out of their wits by a story of a Rawhead and Bloodybones. You judged right, my Lord, it has had the effect. "What, scalp our pretty officers! O the terrible barbarians! Who knows but they may scalp my Lord Percy next, and cut off his ears and other members?" Such, I say, my Lord, is now the language of some fools, who, ten days ago, were vociferous in the cause of liberty. What they read in the gazette they take for Gospel. But what do you gain by the acquisition of such proselytes? Was it prudent in your Lordship, for the sake of raising the short lived clamour of credulity, to pledge your veracity with the public, by relating, in the gazette, a foolish tale of scalping, ghosts, and hobgoblins? Of which story you yourself did not believe one syllable. Fye, fye, my Lord, it has an ungracious appearance. Such shallow strokes of artifice do but injure your cause, and convince the world, that you are ignorant even of the first principles of policy. The Americans are better politicians than to treat their prisoners with inhumanity. Notwithstanding the silly account in your late gazette; notwithstanding the assertions of a thousand gazettes, the public will find, in the course of this unfortunate war, that such of the King's troops as fall into the hands of the Americans will be treated with the utmost tenderness. Your Lordship, it is true, hath done every thing in your power to drive them to madness; and in that situation it were no great wonder, if some female follower of this rebel army, having just lost her husband, and considering the first dead soldier she found as your Lordship's representative; I say, my Lord, it were no great wonder, if a female thus enraged should cut off his ears. Some such event may possibly have happened. The history of civil wars hath ever been stained with acts of cruelty committed by the stragglers from both armies, which no human power could prevent; and for which, consequently, not the commanders in the field, but those in the Cabinet, are responsible. Besides, my Lord, you must remember, that since you have declared the Americans rebels, they fight with halters round their necks: You have made them desperate, and you cannot therefore wonder if the less rational part of them should, on some occasion, act irrationally. As to this story of scalping and maiming, you will soon learn, to the total destruction of your credit with the public, that it has not the least foundation in truth.
NEW ANECDOTES of the unfortunate Counts STRUENSEE and BRANDT.
The present unhappy state of DENMARK, and the death of the late Queen MATILDA, having made that kingdom a considerable object of public attention, we apprehend the following anecdotes, which were collected at COPENHAGEN, a few months since, by Mr. WRAXALL, who has just published a tour to the northern parts of EUROPE, will not be disagreeable to our readers.
COUNT Struensee had not any noble blood in his veins, or consequently any hereditary and prescriptive title to the immediate guidance of affairs of state. Fortune and a train of peculiar circumstances, coinciding with his own talents and address, seem to have drawn him from his original mediocrity of condition, and placed him in an elevated rank. He originally practised physic at Altena, on the Elbe, and afterwards attended the present King of Denmark on his travels into England, in quality of physician. On his return he advanced by rapid strides in the royal favour, and seems to have eminently possessed the power of pleasing, since he was equally the favourite of both the King and Queen. He was invested with the order of St. Matilda, instituted in honour of the Queen; created a Count, and possessed unlimited ministerial power: His conduct, in this sudden and uncommon eminence, marks a bold and daring mind; perhaps I might add, an expanded and patriotic heart. Unavowed by the precarious tenure of courtly greatness, and more peculiarly of his own, he began a general reform. The state felt him through all her members: Finances, chancery, army, navy, nobles, peasants—all were sensible of his influence. He not only dictated, but penned his replies to every important question or despatch; and a petition, or a scheme of public import and utility, rarely waited two hours for an answer. At present you may be two months without receiving any.
The civil judicature of Copenhagen was then vested in thirty magistrates. Struensee sent a message to this tribunal, demanding to know the annual salary or pension annexed to each member: Rather alarmed at this inquiry, they sent an answer, in which they diminished their emoluments two thirds, and estimated them at 1500 instead of 4000 rix dollars. The Count then informed them that his Majesty had no further occasion for their services, but, in his royal munificence and liberality, was graciously pleased to continue to them the third part of their avowed incomes, as
a proof of his satisfaction with their conduct. He at the same time constituted another court, composed only of six persons of approved integrity, to whom the same power was delegated. He proceeded to purge the chancery and other bodies of the law. Then, entering on the military department, he at one stroke broke all the horse guards, and afterwards the regiments of Norwegian foot guards, the finest corps in the service, and who were not disbanded without a short but very dangerous sedition.
Still proceeding in this salutary, but most critical and perilous achievement, he ultimately began to attempt a diminution of the power of the nobles, and to set the farmers and peasants at perfect liberty. We must not therefore wonder that he fell a victim to such measures, and that all parties joined in his destruction. These were his real crimes, and not that he was too acceptable to the Queen; which only formed a pretext. It was the Minister, and not the man, who had become obnoxious. I do not pretend, in the latter capacity, either to excuse or condemn him; but, as a politician, I rank him with the Clarendons and the Moores, whom tyranny, or public baseness and want of virtue have brought in almost every age to an untimely and ignominious exit; but to whose memory impartial posterity have done ample justice. Yet I must avow, that, though I cannot think Struensee made a bad use, yet he certainly made a violent and imprudent one, of his extensive power. He seems, if one may judge of his actions, to have been in some measure intoxicated with royal favour and such accumulated honours, and not to have adverted sufficiently to the examples which history furnishes of Wolsey's in former days, and of Choiseul's in modern times; who most strikingly evince the slippery foundation of political grandeur.
When he was even pressed, a short time before his seizure, to withdraw from Court, and pass the Betts, with the most ample security for his annual remittment of 40, 50, or 100,000 dollars, an unhappy fascination detained him in defiance of every warning, and reserved him for the prison and the block.
The Queen Dowager and Prince Frederick were only the feeble instruments to produce this catastrophe, as being by their rank immediately about the person of their Sovereign; though common report has talked loudly of the former's intrigue, and attributed it to her imaginary abilities. The only mark of capacity or address they exhibited was in preserving a secrecy, which deluded Struensee and the Queen Matilda till the time of their being arrested. I have been assured, that on the last levee-day preceding this event, the Count was habited with uncommon magnificence, and never received greater homage or court servility from the crowd, than when on the verge of ruin. On the night fixed for his seizure, there was a Bal Pare in the palace; the Queen, after dancing, as usual, one country dance with the King, gave her hand to Struensee during the rest of the evening; she retired about two in the morning, and was followed by him and Count Brandt.
The moment was now come: The Queen Dowager and her son Prince Frederick hastened to the King's private chamber, where he was already in bed. They kneeled down beside it, and implored him with tears and expostulations to save himself and Denmark from impending destruction by arresting those whom they called the authors of it. It is said the King was not easily induced to sign the order, but did it with reluctance and hesitation. At length their entreaties prevailed, and he affixed his sign manual to the paper. Colonel Koller Banner instantly repaired to Struensee's apartment, which, as well as Brandt's, was in the palace; they were both seized nearly at the same instant, and, as all defence was vain, hurried away immediately to the citadel.
When Count Struensee stepped out of the coach, he said, with a smile, to the commandant who received him into custody, "I believe you are not a little surprised at seeing me brought here a prisoner." "No, and please your Excellency, replied the old officer bluntly, I am not at all surprised, but, on the contrary, have long expected you."
It was five o'clock in the morning when the Count Rantzau came to the door of her Majesty's anti-chamber, and knocked for admittance. One of the women about the Queen's person was ordered to wake her, and give her information that she was arrested. They then put her into one of the King's coaches, drove her down to Elmeur, and shut her up in the castle of Cronberg.
Mean while, as they dreaded an insurrection in Copenhagen, every military precaution was taken to prevent it; the most infamous and silly reports were circulated among the populace, to render the state prisoners odious: That they had put poison into the King's coffee, to destroy him; that they intended to declare him incapable of governing; to send the Dowager Queen Juliana out of the Kingdom, as well as her son Prince Frederick; and to proclaim Matilda Regent. To confirm these extraordinary and contradictory reports, the King himself and his brother appeared in a state coach, and paraded the streets of the city to shew himself unhurt, and as if escaped from the most horrid conspiracy.
Mean while, Struensee and Brandt were detained in the most rigorous imprisonment. They loaded the former with very heavy chains about his arms and legs, and he was at the same time fixed to the wall by an iron bar. The room is not above ten or twelve feet square, with a little bed in it, and a miserable iron stove. Yet here, in this abode of misery, did he, though chained, complete, with a pencil, an account of his life and conduct as a Minister, which is penned, as I have been assured, with uncommon genius.
Count Brandt rose chiefly under Struensee's auspices, though he was originally of an honourable descent. During a residence which the Court made at one of the royal palaces, that of Heresholm, it happened that his Majesty quarrelled with Brandt, and, which was singular enough, challenged him: This the Count, you may imagine, declined. When they met, soon after, the King re-

pealed his defiance, and called him coward; and Brandt still behaved with temper as became a subject; he thrust his hand into his mouth, seized his tongue, and had very nearly choked him. In this situation can it be wondered at, that he should bite the King's finger, or strike him, or both? Self-preservation must necessarily supersede every other feeling at such a moment, and plead his pardon.
By Struenfee's meditation the quarrel was immediately made up, and the King promised never more to remember or resent the circumstance of striking him. Yet was this blow given to preserve himself from imminent destruction, and, from the fury of an enraged man, made the pretence for his condemnation. They said he had lifted his hand against the King's sacred person, which was death by the laws of Denmark. His lawyer, I am assured, made an excellent defence for him, and very forcibly remarked the essential difference between assaulting the Sovereign, and only defending himself from a private attack. One of our former Monarchs, said he (Christian V.) was used frequently to unbend himself among his nobles: On those occasions, it was his custom to say, "The King is not at home." All the courtiers then behaved with the utmost freedom and familiarity, unreserved by the royal presence. When he chose to resume his kingly dignity, he said, "The King is again at home." But what, added he, must we do now, when the King is never at home? This seems more like the speech of an Englishman than a Dane, and breathes a manly and unfettered spirit.
I have been assured that Struenfee reigned himself to his own sentence without murmuring, or attempting to deprecate the blow; but that he expressed the utmost pity and abhorrence, at the flagrant injustice committed in sentencing Count Brandt to the same death.
The skulls and bones of these unhappy men are yet exposed on wheels about a mile and a half out of town: I have viewed them with mingled commiseration and horror. They hold up an awful and affecting lesson for future statesmen.
Anecdote of LIEUTENANT O'BRIEN.
ON the 8th of October, 1747, the Dartmouth man of war, of 50 guns and 300 men, Captain James Hamilton, being closely engaged off cape St. Vincent, with the Glorioso Spanish man of war of 74 guns, and 750 men, blew up, and all the crew perished, except 17, who were taken up by the boats of the Prince Frederick and Duke privates, then in company. Of these none were of any rank, except Mr. O'Brien, a young Gentleman of Ireland, one of the Lieutenants. He was taken up (recovered to his senses) floating on the carriage of a gun, on which he had been blown out of the ship into the water. He was a Gentleman of great ease and behaviour, and one of a happy readiness of wit. His first salute to the Captain of the Prince Frederick was, "Sir, you must excuse the unfitness of my dress to come aboard a strange ship; but I really left my own in such a hurry, that I had no time to stay for a change."
IMPROMPTU. On the sailing of the CERBERUS with the three General officers on the AMERICAN expedition.
BEHOLD the Cerberus th' Atlantick plough, Her precious cargo, Burgoyne, Clinton, Howe, BOW! WOW! WOW!
LONDON, July 21.
IT is said the Americans have had it for some time in contemplation to call for the assistance of the several maritime powers in Europe, in order to render them free and independent.
Private letters from Paris say, that that Court is upon an affair that must give the English nation great uneasiness; they are, notwithstanding which, under no apprehensions of a war, as according to these accounts they are persuaded the English are not in a condition to prosecute one, from the heaviness of their national debt, their civil war in America, and the discredit they apprehend the Ministry to be in.
The Court of Spain, upon the requisition of our Ambassador, that no Spanish subject should hold any correspondence, or give any assistance to the American rebels, gave for answer, "that the example was too dangerous to be encouraged by his Catholic Majesty, were he even on bad terms with the Court of London. But that, being, as he is, in perfect amity with the British nation, the requisition made by his Excellency was in some measure improper, as it might give a suspicion of jealousy, where all was harmony and mutual confidence."
It is affirmed, with great confidence, that the shameful speculations in the East Indies (which have manifestly increased since the fate of the late inquiry has been known) must bring on a second parliamentary animadversion on the Nabobs. It is expected that the East India spoils, to be levied from the Asiatic plunderers, will defray the expenses of the American rebellion.
Letters from Gibraltar say, that all the Barbary states are preparing for war; that the Mediterranean seas are covered with corsairs, xebecs, and other large armed vessels, which makes it very unsafe for trading ships.
Letters from Senegal, by the Tryal packet, dated the middle of May, to several merchants in this city, advise, that a bloody war between the Moors and the Blacks had prevailed for six months, which had reduced the country to the utmost distress for want of provisions, all the avenues and channels of supply being blocked up; and such was their extremity, that the greatest part of the poor Arabs had no other subsistence besides gum and milk.
The Moors and their servants, who are usually employed to pick and bring down the gum from the forests, being engaged in the war, it is a doubt whether there will be any picked this year; when the Tryal packet failed, there was not a bag purchased, nor the appearance of any. About the end of May the gum trade is over.
Advises are received by the above ship, which inform that the Pool nation (who are a people about an hundred miles above Fort Lewis, and who are in continual war with the Moors) had made several attacks upon Fort George, at Padore, a garrison lately built there by Governor O'Hara, in one of which attacks that happened the beginning of May, while Captain Pateron, the Commandant, was pointing one of the cannon loaded with grape shot amongst them, he was by a musket ball, killed on the spot; his loss is very much lamented by all who knew him.
By a Gentleman just arrived from Ireland we are informed, that the inhabitants of that kingdom are in the greatest consternation imaginable for fear of a visit from the Spaniards, and that many families of consequence near the sea-ports have retired to Dublin for their greater security. At present there are not 5000 troops in the whole kingdom, and the western part so defenceless, that an enemy has nothing to do but to land and conquer. Government, on such an emergency, implicitly trusting to the assurances of an Ambassador, should remember the force of the old adage, "Live so with a friend, that you need not fear him as an enemy."
Extract of a letter from New Ross, (Ireland) July 10.
About twelve o'clock last night a party of White Boys, consisting of 150 men, or thereabouts, all armed, came to the house of one Hornock, near Killan, in this county, about nine miles from this town, which they surrounded, and fired several shots into, until they imagined all within were killed; then breaking open the door with a sledge, they began to enter the house: Mean while Hornock and his brother were in a little parlour with guns charged, waiting for a favourable opportunity to discharge them among those daring rioters; and, on perceiving a large
gang just entering the house, they fired upon them, when two or three of the White Boys fell groaning to the ground, but were instantly hawled away by their associates, who growing more desperate, Hornock fires a second time, and killed one man, who was likewise instantly carried off. The Captain, or leader of this desperate band, rushed towards the parlour door, huzzaing, and crying out, "Courage boys, the day is our own!" Whereupon Hornock answered him, "Not yet Captain," and shot him dead on the spot. Then the White Boys retreated with the greatest precipitation, carrying off their dead and wounded, except their Captain, whom they left as a testimony of their cowardice. It is said his name is Doyle, from Ballygabbir, not far from Killan. Hornock, who made this brave defence, is parish clerk and proctor of Killan.
We hear that a great Female Personage, who never loses an opportunity of paying all the compliments in her power to two Royal Dukes, has taken a polite leave, by letter, of his Royal Highness the Duke of Gloucester, whose residence on the continent is fixed for three years.
Extract of a letter from a WEST INDIA planter, dated the 5th of June last.
"We are apprehensive the ports in America are shut up, having had no arrivals for ten days past; at this time some provisions advanced fifty per cent. in price in all the islands: It is to be feared we shall be greatly distressed; add to this the apprehension of our Negroes, who, in general, at the best of times, are but too poorly fed."
The late Lord Bristol, in his last dispatches from the Court of Madrid, December 11, 1761, upon a refusal of a categorical answer, whether that Court intended to join the French, our enemies, to act hostily against Great Britain, or to depart in any manner from its neutrality, which was looked upon as a declaration of war, said, "God send prosperity to the King's righteous cause, and may Great Britain, in the course of the ensuing war, prove that the combined forces of Spain and France are not sufficient to eclipse her glory, or to cope with her strength!"
General Gage's proclamation is allowed to be a most excellent piece of writing; the language conveys a forcible argument in terms equally elegant and convincing. The only wonder is, that it was not published much sooner. The action between the American rebels and the King's troops happened on the 19th of April; why should so natural and so reasonable a measure as that adopted in the proclamation, have been delayed till the 12th of June.
The following most extraordinary hand-bill was yesterday stuck up in various parts of the town:
Lieutenant General BASTWICKE's beating orders for free AMERICAN volunteers:
"All Gentlemen volunteers, natives of Great Britain, friends to the LIBERTY of AMERICA, who are willing to serve their Sovereign by saving their country, and to succour and support their injured brethren, inhabitants and possessors of the great western hemisphere, suffering by the murderous orders of an unoffended though implacable man, have now the singular honour paid them of being solicited to stand forward in a cause, where their own character, their conscience, and even their interest, should urge them to the most conspicuous exertions. Let all such, of all sizes, from three feet nine to six feet three, and the shorter the better, who can feel no wounds but the wounds of the constitution, who bleed already at every pore for the distresses of the oppressed Americans, whose lungs are panting for the fame they are going to enjoy by relieving them, whose hearts he in the right places, and are ready to burst within their breasts for want of vent to the vengeance they wish to take; let all such repair to the Cattle and Falcon inn, Aldersgate street, where they will be honourably entertained by Lieutenant General Jedediah Bastwicke, and may enter into present pay and good quarters. Entrance money, fifty acres of land in the Allegany mountains, or their value payable upon the Royal Exchange. Bringers will be proportionably rewarded. No persons, well and alive, will be refused. A fine fifty gun ship lies ready at the Nore to waft the brave adventurers in military heroism to the real scenes of action in America, to the scenes of glory, victory, and triumph. Now is your time for making your fortunes. Who is there afflicted, whom I will not relieve? The ends of the world are come upon us, and we shall soon possess them for our own. The completion of the Scripture is at hand: "Come unto me all ye that are heavy laden, and I will relieve you." Your armour is but light. A rifle-barrel, or a tomahawk, is all you have to bear; and you have now your choice of joining with myriads of brave partakers in the same glorious warfare, by entering into any of the following regiments; Ticonderoga pioneers; Schenectada scalpers; Mohawks; Mississaga hatchet-men; Ohio scouts; Massachusetts minute-men; Scituate-da spitt shirts; Lake Champlain pikers; Lake Ontario Jacks; Concord rifle-men; or the General's own regiment of Allegany mountaineers. GOD SAVE AMERICA!"
CAMBRIDGE, September 21.
LAST Saturday afternoon the enemy, with their cannon, fired briskly from their lines on Boston neck, but without doing us any damage. The next morning the firing was returned, and, as we have since heard, with success; two of the enemy being killed and several wounded. The cannonading has been continued on both sides almost ever since, without any loss on our side. The enemy, we hear, had a Lieutenant shot on Monday by one of our cannon balls. How many they have lost in the whole since Saturday we have not learned; but supposed not to be less than three or four killed, and five or six wounded.
One of the Lieutenants in Gage's besieged army, we hear, hung himself last Monday, owing to the chagrin and terror of mind arising from his being employed in so bad a cause.
WORCESTER, Sept. 6. The following may serve as a specimen of the humanity of the ministerial tools in Boston. A soldier's wife was sick in a house upon Noble's wharf, and hired another soldier's wife to tend her, to whom she gave two dollars, upon receiving which she left the sick woman to tend herself. The neighbours knowing the woman lived there, and observing for some days that no person went in or out of the house, they went in, when, to their great amazement they found the woman dead, and by the putrefaction of her body must have been dead some days, a little tender infant with all the horrors of death in its face was sucking the dead mother's breast, the rats had eat into the bowels of the dead couple; they applied to the Selectmen, but as the affair was not in their department, they sent them to Gage, who at first refused having anything to do with it, but after some time sent a number of soldiers, who dug a hole by the front door of a house and flung in the body, hardly covering it with earth, which made such a stench as caused another application from the neighbours, when a coffin was made and the dead body taken up and buried.
We hear that a regiment is forming in Boston, from the ragamuffin Tories there, and that four-eyed Morgan, the fiddler, is their adjutant. This intelligence we had from a Gentleman who saw them march into the field to be reviewed.
PHILADELPHIA, Sept. 25.
Extract of a letter from LONDON, July 1.
THE spirit displayed by the conduct of all the colonies, you may believe, gives great satisfaction to all the friends of America. To those who are acquainted with the genius and disposition of that people it is no more than what was expected, but to the people of this country, who from their cradles have been
taught to believe (by almost every occurrence that has happened within their own observation) that public virtue does not exist, it still appears like a romance, which they cannot yet bring themselves to believe. The Ministry, however, have been stunned, and are not yet recovered from the blow. One time they proposed sending more troops, and embodying the militia in order to supply their place at home; at another time it was proposed sending mercenaries from Hanover, but that idea seems to have subsided; now they talk of sending more ships of war, and many are actually ordered to be got in readiness, but whether they will sail or not I suspect will depend upon future deliberations. In the mean time, give me leave to relate the substance of a conversation a friend of mine had with Lord North a few days ago. His Lordship asked him what effect he thought his motion would have when it came to be considered by the Congress? He told him he did not think it would have any; it was not calculated for them; it seemed rather designed for the different Assemblies, with a view, as he apprehended, of disjoining, the reverse of uniting them under one general head as in Congress. His Lordship disclaimed the idea of having any intention to divide. He said he had no objection to their meeting in Congress; they had a right to meet together, and to consult, if they chose it; and it was impossible to prevent it: What he wished was, that they would take it under consideration, and recommend such things to the different Assemblies as might be attended with conciliatory effects. My Lord, says the Gentleman, I cannot see that the motion itself contains any matter that can serve as a ground-work to go upon. It is no act of the legislature; it contains no promise; it is not even the promise of a Minister, who to-day is, and to-morrow may be, succeeded by one who may not think himself at all bound by the promise of his predecessor; it is not even a resolution of the House of Commons; it is no more than an opinion of a committee of that House upon a future contingency, and your Lordship will pardon me when I observe, that the people of that country have learnt to entertain such an idea of the disposition of the servants of the Crown to encroach upon the liberties of the subject. Your Lordship will excuse me; I do not mean your Lordship in particular, but they dare not trust them. He declared he never entertained an idea of subduing America, properly speaking; if he had, he said, he should have sent a much greater force. What was sent was only what was thought sufficient to protect the friends of Government. But if the colonies are determined to go on, let them. Let them apply to France or Spain (these he seemed to think the only powers who would afford them any protection) let them see if they will treat them any better than we have done. We have it still in our power to distress their trade, which we most assuredly will do till they have made ample compensation for the expense and loss we have sustained on their account. It would be easy to make a number of observations on the above discourse, the wheedling, cajoling, contemptible nature of which I think must strike you in the first instance. His Lordship dined yesterday, according to annual custom, with the West India merchants, upon which occasions he generally affects to be joyous, but it was remarked that he was unusually dull. Lord Dartmouth the other day, with seeming great satisfaction, told a Gentleman that there was a report in town that the Congress had taken Lord North's motion under consideration, which he hoped was true; but upon the Gentleman's assuring him that the Assembly of Pennsylvania were actually voting money as their quota towards paying an American army, which might be considered as a prelude to all the other provinces doing the same, he seemed not a little disconcerted.
Extract of a letter from LONDON, July 9.
"Our dependence on New York, and (under God) the preservation of that city and colony from a very shameful defection which had been fatal to the cause of freedom, has been greatly owing to the abilities, zeal, and assiduity of the worthy Mr. Holt. What pleasure is it for those whose chief enjoyment consists in the happiness and security of their fellow creatures, to witness such exertions to save our country, to annoy its insidious enemies, and carry into every corner of it the discoveries and advice of its friends!"
"The business is now to develope the schemes laying to deceive and divide the New Yorkers, finding mere force like to answer no valuable end. They now talk of blocking up the ports, and thus distressing the trade to make people quarrel with each other, which quarrels some are employed to foment. They have given out word that they will call Lord Chatham into office, but it is false; Chatham is old and very feeble, nor able to bear the fatigues of business: Besides, he will not accept it without a total change of the Ministry, a dissolution of the present Parliament, and the calling of a new one by the free choice of the people."
"The true state of the matter is, that the Ministry still intend to drive on in hopes that you will in time submit and all will be theirs. They use every means in their power to deceive the people both here and in America, that they may get their plan established of keeping up a standing army in the colonies, increased by degrees till they become masters of the colonists and all their property, as they have done here."
"The Lord Mayor is assiduous to the last. The Livery of London are now all alarmed, and have sent petitions and remonstrances one after another: They have taken up the affair in such good earnest as will very probably excite a civil war in England. The ferment in the city is certainly prodigious. The land-holders also begin to be moved and aid the merchants, and the common people are all entering into associations and consulting what is best to be done."
"Intelligence extraordinary, Sunday, July 9. The Council is determined to proceed against America. They are determined Lord Chatham shall not come into Administration again. The Lords say the clamour of Wilkes and his great gown may march up Pall Mall, but there will be no notice taken of his mob; the city will not come up; no spirit in the people; all is peace in the city. Gage is to be broke for not sending out more powder to his men in Lexington battle, which was the cause of their defeat. Gage's tame behaviour has been the cause of this delay. America must not be lost for a few mens lives; 60,000 men can well be spared to subdue the rebels, and not suffer the faction in America to bully Great Britain out of her colonies."
"In the last cabal it was advised to take up the printer of the resolutions of the Livery of London, as a libel on the King, and to take up Wilkes as an abettor; but it was thought not prudent to stir in this matter, as the Livery are now determined to assert their rights, and they have republished their resolutions in hand-bills, distributed them all round London, pasted them on boards and hung them up in all the public houses in and about London, and sent them to the different towns and cross roads in England."
"The sailors will enter into the service. Six ships put into commission to assist in blocking up the ports of Virginia. Orders have been sent to Gage to risk a battle for the honour of Old England. Lord Mansfield was sent for to Buckingham House, 10 o'clock at night, Friday. Lord Dartmouth says he expects a submission from the Congress. News from Gibraltar: They expect a Spanish fleet there."
"If America sends any the least concession, nay ever so small, they are undone-ruined; for orders will thereupon be sent to hang the principal provincial officers, to confiscate their estates and advertise them to be sold in London, with a reward for their heads, dead or alive. If America submits she must pay all the expenses of the land and sea armament, estimated at two millions, which has cost England to reduce the rebels to obedience."
"GREAT NEWS! that the rifle-men resolve to aim at the

Scotch officers: It affords great diversion to the English to hear of the American rifle-men's resolve.
"At a club yesterday, the Gentlemen all agreed, that in case America behaved as heretofore towards England, and had no mind to revolt or set up for themselves, that on such conviction they should assist and support them. The Ministry having always assured the people of England that nothing was intended but to bring America to a proper subjection, which it was the duty of every Englishman to consent to; but now the blood of their brethren (no matter by what name called) was spilt, there was a loud call to see why, and who was the cause of this uproar; that Englishmen do not allow of blood and murder; that trials by jury is a standing test; and that they are determined to have an inquiry into these matters."
"The Shipwrights, i. e. a good part of them, came up to London yesterday, on their way to Kew, to petition."
"The women talk of petitioning the Queen. It is said King James had 57 petitions the same year he ran away. Quere . Has not George had near that number."
"The refugees who lately deserted their own homes to seek protection in England are very silent, keep close, and do not talk of American affairs, only seem to think they will go back and fight, as they find the spirit of the times likely to drive them back. N. B. An Englishman hates a coward."
"The six men of war are not manned yet; draughts from the other ships are to fill them up. Lord Sandwich pays a man to puff him off in the papers, but that means fails now; the people begin to see; the subject of dispute with America seems now better understood; begin to be alarmed; they are come up to London; a total stoppage of their trade. The great plenty of wheat brought into England has kept people easy, as while no want, no complaint . The names of all persons who write letters to America are to be returned. For the future no intelligence is to go over: Men are employed to stop letters, to lurk in coffee-houses, to find out, fetch and carry."
Extract of a letter from CADIZ, August 3. "In my last I mentioned something of the formidable armaments carrying on in the different ports of Spain, which were all ultimately collected in that of Carthagena about the beginning of June; they loitered a month there, thereby giving the Algerines time to collect their strength, and to prepare for their reception; and having failed from Carthagena the 24th of June, they contrived not to get to Algiers bay before the 30th of the month, and 1st of July. They then spent a week more in idle consultations, which terminated in their resolving to disembark on the 8th, in a place which the Algerines designedly left unguarded; and upon their first division, consisting of 8000 men, being landed, and advancing 2 or 300 paces from the strand, they found themselves beset on all sides by enemies, covered by hedges, ditches, houses, and camels. Before the second division could get on shore, the carriage in the first had been great, and both the one and the other fell into the greatest confusion. A retreat on board again was determined upon, as the only thing to be done, and was effected the same evening and night, before midnight. The Moors kept aloof, and did not disturb them much during their re-embarkation, excepting with one 24 pounder upon their right flank, which played the whole day upon the Spaniards and did great execution. The spot where they landed is distant one league and a half from Algiers, to the east, with a fort to the right of it, and another to the left of it; so near that the Spanish troops could not keep themselves scarcely out of the reach of the guns of the one or the other. The beach, a deep, heavy sand, and in front under wood, hedges, ditches, trees, and houses, so well guarded, and so artfully, that the Spaniards never could penetrate 400 yards from the beach, and never saw above 40 or 50 of the enemy, though their loss in killed and wounded can fall very little short of 5000 men, and amongst them a great number of officers, chiefly belonging to the Spanish and Walloon guards. Their men of war behaved very ill; they were ordered to attack the two above-mentioned forts, which they did out of almost gun shot; and to one of them (which, by her cable being cut by a cannon shot, fell within half cannon shot of the fort) the General wrote, that her going so near was contrary to his orders. In short, the whole has been a scene of blundering and confusion, and covers the nation with shame and resentment against the planners and conductors of it."
Extract of a letter from NEW YORK, Sept. 20. "Last night the Asia man of war brought the flag boat alongside, and took out an officer belonging to General Wooster, returning from Bordentown, and three or four guns which were on board. It is supposed they had an intention to get a prize of gunpowder, but the bird was gone."
WILLIAMSBURG, October 14.
THREE district companies for the regular service have arrived here since our last, viz. Capt. Richard Parker's, from Lancaster; Capt. William Taliaferro's, from Caroline; and Capt. William Davies's, from Princess Anne. It is said the battalion of minute-men in Culpeper district is completed, and has been encamped several days.
On Thursday last the General Assembly met at the Capitol, and adjourned to the first Thursday in March next.
The Captain of the Kingsfisher (a second MAD MONTAGUE) it is said, lately seized upon, and forced on board his ship, an inhabitant of Norfolk, or Portsmouth, for some trivial offence; who, after calling a court-martial, and giving him a fair trial (as they were pleased to term it) passed sentence upon him to receive thirty nine lashes, which would have been executed, had not his Excellency the Governor, on being acquainted with this base and unmanly conduct, interposed, who severely reprimanded the tyrant Montague, sent the man ashore, and desired he would take out a peace warrant against him.
Capt. Macartney, of the Mercury man of war, has had his trial at Boston and was honourably acquitted; but he absolutely refuses to serve his Majesty any longer, unless appointed to the command of a ship of greater force.
Extract of a letter from FREDERICKSBURG, October 11. "I cannot abstain from the pleasure of communicating to you the very joyful news I have this moment received from the northward: General Schuyler, from undoubted authority, has taken St. John's and Montreal, and is now on his march to Quebec, joined hourly by thousands of Canadians. It is thought he will also succeed in his attack on that metropolis."
In a late English paper, by the August packet, the following is said to be the plan which will be put in execution for reducing America: Ten thousand Hanoverians are to be taken into British pay, the expenses to be defrayed out of duties to be laid by Parliament, and levied in America. This body of men are to be stationed in several parts of the continent, and to be kept on foot in peace as well as war. Fortresses are to be built in the provinces of New England, New York, Pennsylvania, and Virginia, in which those foreign mercenaries are to be stationed, and accommodated with barracks, firing, &c. at the expence of the respective colonies in which they shall happen to be quartered. Besides this, a fleet of 5 ships of the line and 20 frigates are always to be stationed on that service, both to prevent smuggling, and in case of any disturbances, to be ready to co-operate in reducing the rebellious or disaffected to obedience. Every Hanoverian soldier who shall have served seven years, with the approbation of his superior officer or officers, shall have a portion of ground, not more than fifty, nor less than twenty acres, rent free, forever. The expense of raising a proper habitation, furnishing the same, purchasing implements of husbandry, &c. to be defrayed by the colony in which he shall be then resident. The whole expense of recruiting to be provided for in like manner; that is to say, 50l.
for every soldier, and 100l. for every trooper, rating his horse at 50l. and himself at as much more. This mercenary army is to consist of thirty battalions of infantry, of 500 men each, and four regiments of cavalry, twenty battalions and two regiments of which are always to be stationed in the New England provinces; and the remaining ten battalions and two regiments at New York, Philadelphia, and Williamsburg in Virginia, and their neighbourhoods. On the whole, as the Germans are known to be a very prolific people, it is supposed, that by the beginning of the year 1800 there will be no less than a million of that nation, including their offspring, within the four New England provinces alone.
The following is General Gage's return of the killed and wounded at the battle of Bunker's hill, transmitted to the Earl of Dartmouth, which has been published in the London prints of July 25th.
"1 Lieutenant Colonel, 2 Majors, 7 Captains, 9 Lieutenants, 15 Serjeants, 1 Drummer, 191 rank and file, killed. 3 Majors, 27 Captains, 32 Lieutenants, 8 Ensigns, 40 Serjeants, 12 Drummers, 706 Rank and File, wounded."
N. B. Capt. Downes, of the 5th regiment, and Lieutenant Higgins, of the 52d, died of their wounds on the 24th instant."
General Gage, in his letter to the Earl of Dartmouth, says, "The loss the rebels sustained must have been considerable, from the great numbers they carried off during the time of action, and buried in holes, since discovered; exclusive of what they suffered from the shipping and boats, near one hundred were buried the day after, and thirty found wounded in the field, three of whom are since dead."
The Cerberus man of war carried home the news of the action to the Ministry; and the papers say, that none of the men belonging to her are suffered to go ashore, or hold any conversation with boats or vessels who come along-side them. The Magdalen arrived at Portsmouth on the 28th of July, and Lady Dunmore, with her family, set out for London the same day. Five more regiments are ordered to be in readiness to embark for Boston, together with a large train of artillery; and several transports are taken up for that service. General Gage is appointed Governor General of all North America. The Parliament which stood prorogued to the 27th of July, is further prorogued to the 17th of September next. The Ministry have it under consideration to form a Parliament, or General Council, for all the provinces of America, something similar to that of Ireland; the Governors, and some particular officers, to form an Upper House. A subsidiary treaty has been entered into, with a German Prince, for 10,000 of his troops to be transported to New York and Boston, the end of August; and such of the transports as are already engaged are ordered to sail immediately for Emden. Five frigates, destined to reinforce the squadron on the coast of America, are to take the transports under their convoy. The foreign troops are to be commanded by a General of their own nation, well known for his conduct in the last war. Four more men of war are ordered for the American station, as soon as they can be fitted out, of which Commodore Shuldham is to have the command.
The following letters are published by order of the HONOURABLE CONTINENTAL CONGRESS.
SIR, HEAD QUARTERS, Cambridge, Aug. 11, 1775.
I UNDERSTAND that the officers engaged in the cause of liberty and their country, who, by the fortune of war, have fallen into your hands, have been thrown indiscriminately into a common gaol, appropriated for felons; that no consideration has been had for those of the most respectable rank, when languishing with wounds and sickness; that some of them have been even amputated in this unworthy situation.
Let your opinion, Sir, of the principle which actuates them be what it may, they suppose they act from the noblest of all principles, a love of freedom and their country. But political opinions, I conceive, are foreign to this point. The obligations arising from the rights of humanity, and claims of rank, are universally binding and extensive (except in case of retaliation.) These, I should have hoped, would have dictated a more tender treatment of those individuals, whom chance of war had put in your power. Nor can I forbear suggesting it's fatal tendency to widen that unhappy breach, which you, and those Ministers under whom you act, have repeatedly declared you wish to see forever closed.
My duty now makes it necessary to apprise you, that for the future I shall regulate my conduct towards those Gentlemen, who are, or may be in our possession, exactly by the rule you shall observe towards those of ours, now in your custody.
If severity and hardship make the line of your conduct (painful as it may be to me) your prisoners will feel it's effects; but if kindness and humanity are shewn to ours, I shall with pleasure consider those in our hands only as unfortunate, and they shall receive from me that treatment, to which the unfortunate are ever entitled.
I beg to be favoured with an answer, as soon as possible, and am, Sir, your very humble servant, GEORGE WASHINGTON.
His Excellency General GAGE.
SIR, BOSTON, August 13, 1775.
TO the glory of civilized nations, humanity and war have been compatible; and compassion to the subdued is become almost a general system.
Britons, ever pre-eminent in mercy, have out-gone common examples, and overlooked the criminal in the captive. Upon these principles your prisoners (whose lives, by the laws of the land, are destined to the cord) have hitherto been treated with care and kindness, and more comfortably lodged than the King's troops in the hospitals; indiscriminately it is true, for I acknowledge no rank that is not derived from the King.
My intelligence from your army would justify severe recrimination. I understand there are of the King's faithful subjects, taken some time since by the rebels, labouring like Negroes to gain their daily subsistence, or reduced to the wretched alternative to perish by famine, or take arms against their King and country. Those who have made the treatment of the prisoners in my hands, or of your other friends in Boston, a pretence for such measures, found barbarity upon falsehood.
I would willingly hope, Sir, that the sentiments of liberality, which I have always believed you to possess, will be exerted to correct these misdoings. Be temperate in political disquisition; give free operation to truth, and punish those who deceive and misrepresent, and not only the effects, but the causes of this unhappy conflict, will be removed.
Should those under whose usurped authority you act controul such a disposition, and dare to call severity retaliation, to God, who knows all hearts, be the appeal for the dreadful consequences. I trust that British soldiers, asserting the rights of the state, the laws of the land, the being of the constitution, will meet all events with becoming fortitude. They will court victory with the spirit their cause inspires, and from the same motive will find the patience of martyrs under misfortune.
Till I read your insinuations in regard to Ministers, I conceived that I had acted under the King, whose wishes, it is true, as well as those of his Ministers, and of every honest man, has been to see this unhappy breach forever closed; but, unfortunately for both countries, those who long since projected the present crisis, and influence the councils of America, have views very distant from accommodation. I am, Sir,
Your most obedient humble servant, THOMAS GAGE. George Washington, Esq;
HEAD QUARTERS, Cambridge, August 19, 1775.
SIR, I ADDRESSED you on the eleventh instant in terms which I gave the fairest scope for the exercise of that humanity and politeness, which were supposed to form a part of your character. I remonstrated with you on the unworthy treatment shewn to the officers and citizens of America, whom the fortune of war, chance, or a mistaken confidence, had thrown into your hands.
"Whether British or American mercy, fortitude, and patience, are most pre-eminent; whether our virtuous citizens, whom the hand of tyranny has forced into arms, to defend their wives, their children, and their property, or the mercenary instruments of lawless domination, avarice and revenge, best deserve the appellation of rebels, and the punishment of that cord, which your affected clemency has forborn to inflict; whether the authority, under which I act, is usurped, or founded upon the genuine principles of liberty, were altogether foreign to the subject. I purposely avoided all political disquisition; nor shall I now avail myself of those advantages, which the sacred cause of my country, of liberty, and human nature give me over you, much less shall I stoop to retort an invective. But the intelligence you say you have received from our army requires a reply. I have taken time, Sir, to make a strict enquiry, and find it has not the least foundation in truth. Not only your officers and soldiers have been treated with a tenderness due to fellow citizens and brethren, but even those execrable paracides, whose councils and aid have deluged their country with blood, have been protected from the fury of a justly enraged people. Far from compelling or permitting their assistance I am embarrassed with the numbers who crowd to our camp, animated with the purest principles of virtue, and love of their country. You advise me to give free operation to truth, to punish misrepresentation and falsehood. If experience stamps virtue upon council, your's must have a weight, which few can claim. You best can tell how far the convulsion, which has brought such ruin on both countries, and shaken the mighty empire of Britain to its foundation, may be traced to these malignant causes."
You affect, Sir, to despise all ranks, not derived from the same source with your own. I cannot conceive one more honourable than that which flows from the uncorrupted choice of a brave and free people, the purest source, and original fountain of all power. Far from making it a plea for cruelty, a mind of true magnanimity and enlarged ideas, would comprehend and respect it.
What may have been the ministerial views, which have precipitated the present crisis, Lexington, Concord, and Charlestown can best declare. May that God, to whom you then appeal, judge between America and you. Under his providence, those who influence the councils of America, and all the other inhabitants of the united colonies, at the hazard of their lives, are determined to hand down to posterity those just and invaluable privileges which they received from their ancestors.
I shall now, Sir, close my correspondence with you, perhaps forever. If your officers, our prisoners, receive a treatment from me different from what I wished to shew them, they and you will remember the occasion of it.
I am, Sir, your very humble servant, THOMAS GAGE, Esq;  GEORGE WASHINGTON. Sundry pieces and advertisements are come to hand, which are obliged to defer till next week.
TO BE SOLD,
At the next Meeting of the Merchants, in WILLIAMSBURG, by Virtue of a Deed of Trust made to the Subscribers,
THE Estate of John Randolph, Esq; his Majesty's Attorney General, consisting of his late DWELLING-HOUSE within the said City, and of the LAND adjoining, of several very valuable FAMILY SERVANTS, and a Variety of FURNITURE. A Year's Credit will be allowed the Purchasers, they giving Bond, with good Security, to PEYTON RANDOLPH, JOHN BLAIR, JAMES COCKE.
TO BE SOLD,
At the Meeting of the MERCHANTS in OCTOBER,
ALL Mrs. Rathell's Stock in TRADE, consisting of many different Articles. I request all who are indebted to the said Mrs. Rathell will be so kind, at this Meeting, as to pay off their Accounts to John Tazewell, Esq; of this City, or to the Subscriber, at Mrs. Rathell's Store, who are authorised to receive such Debts. M. BRODIE.
At the same Time will be sold a large BOW WINDOW, with Bars and Shutters, some SHOW GLASSES, and GLASS CASES. (WILLIAMSBURG, October 14, 1775.)
ALEXANDRIA, September 29, 1775.
WHEREAS a certain JOHN SCHAW, by an Advertisement inserted in the Norfolk Intelligencer of the 19th of July last, has pretended to inform the Public, that he was empowered to receive Payment of the Debts due the Concern of William Duncan and Company : The Subscriber, as then Manager and Partner, not having settled with his Partners, nor having given such Orders, virtually refuses such Power, and hereby desires the Debtors of said Concern to pay no Monies but with his Discharge. (||)  WILLIAM DUNCAN.
AMELIA, October 7, 1775.
ALL Persons having Demands against the Estate of the late Mr. Hamlin Epes of Dinwiddie County, deceased, are requested to make them known immediately; and those indebted are desired to make speedy Payment, to FRANCIS EPES, Executor.
WANTED IMMEDIATELY,
Two Journeymen CABINET-MAKERS, Who may be certain of Employment until Christmas next, and have their Wages paid them Weekly, if required.
YORK Town, } (||)  HENRY MANN. October 11, 1775.
YORK Town, October 9, 1775.
WHEREAS I intend for Great Britain early in the ensuing Spring, I propose selling the DWELLING-HOUSE I now live in, either with or without Furniture, or an Annuity for Life, as may best suit a Purchaser. Two or three Years Credit will be allowed, giving Bond, with approved Security, bearing Interest from the Time the Bargain is concluded upon. (2)  GEORGE RIDDELL.
WILLIAMSBURG, October 14, 1775.
TO BE SOLD, on Monday the 30th Instant, at the Dwelling-House of the late James Burwell, Esq; King's Creek, all the Estate of said Burwell at that Plantation, consisting of Stocks of Horses, Cattle, Hogs, Sheep, &c. all the Household and Kitchen Furniture, Plantation Utensils, and a Number of other Articles. Twelve Months Credit will be allowed, the Purchasers giving Bond, with approved Security, for all Sums exceeding five Pounds; and for all other Sums ready Money will be expected before the Goods are delivered. All Persons having any Demands against Mr. Burwell are desired to bring the same in to the Subscriber, who is empowered by York Court to settle the said Estate. (2)  WILLIAM RUSSELL.

POETS CORNER.
TRUTH.
WHEREVER truth has made her glorious stand She bears the faithful mirror in her hand; The good man's refuge, fraud's eternal foe, The first of virtues, whence all others flow. Where truth is found a ray of Heaven resides, And equal justice every action guides. In the pure heart and spotless mind she reigns, And with mild power her happy sway maintains: An attribute of God himself, confest, That stamps his image on the human breast. Whate'er betides through life's dark dreary way, If TRUTH directs, we cannot go astray.
THE DILEMMA.
IN every CIVIL WAR this hazard's run: "Conquer, thou'rt ruin'd; Conquer'd, thou'rt undone." Who gives the advice shows wondrous want of skill; But those who follow it are weaker still. Of understanding is not he bereft, Whose right hand is employ'd to maim his left?
JUST ARRIVED,
The Salisbury , Capt. John Ogilvy , with about 120 HEALTHY
SERVANTS,
CONSISTING of Men, Women, and Boys; among whom are many Tradesmen, viz. —Carpenters and Joiners—Black and White-Smiths—Braziers and Copper-smiths—Shoemakers—Weavers—Barbers—Schoolmasters—a Tailor—a Cabinet-Maker—a Wheelwright—a House Painter—a Callico Painter—a Dancingmaster—and several others. There are also FARMERS, and other COUNTRY LABOURERS.—The Sale will commence on Wednesday the 18th of October , at Leeds Town , on Rappahannock River , and be continued there four Days. A reasonable Credit will be allowed, the Purchasers giving Bond, with approved Security, to (2) THOMAS HODGE.
Just Published,
The VIRGINIA ALMANACK
FOR THE YEAR OF OUR LORD
ONE THOUSAND SEVEN HUNDRED AND SEVENTY SIX:
CONTAINING
THE Lunations, Conjunctions, Eclipses; the Sun and Moon's Rising and Setting; the Rising, Setting, and Southings of the Heavenly Bodies; true Places and Aspects of the Planets, Weather, &c. calculated according to Art, and referred to the Horizon of 38 Degrees N. L. and a Meridian of five Hours West from the City of London : Fitting VIRGINIA, MARYLAND, NORTH CAROLINA, &c. By the ingenious Mr. DAVID RIT-TEHOUSE of Philadelphia.
WHEREIN ARE ALSO CONTAINED,
A Table of Court Days—a List of the Council and House of Burgess of Virginia —List of Parishes, and the Ministers in them—The Governors and Visitors of William & Mary College —List of his Majesty's Land Forces, and of the Royal Navy, distinguishing the Regiments that are abroad, and the Ships on the American Station —Manner of collecting SALT-PETRE, and making of GUNPOWDER, &c. &c.—With a Variety of other Matter, both instructive and entertaining.
An ACADEMY.
PRINCE EDWARD, Sept. 1, 1775.
BY the generous Exertions of several Gentlemen in this and some of the neighbouring Counties, very large Contributions have lately been made for erecting and supporting a public ACADEMY near the Courthouse in this County. Their Zeal for the Interests of Learning and Virtue has met with such Success, that they were enabled to let the Buildings in March last to several Undertakers, who are proceeding in their Work with the greatest Expedition. A very valuable Library of the best Writers, both ancient and modern, on most Parts of Science and polite Literature, is already procured; with Part of an Apparatus to facilitate the Studies of the Mathematicks and Natural Philosophy, which we expect in a short Time to render complete.—The Academy will certainly be opened on the 10th of next November . It is to be distinguished by the Name of HAMPDEN-SIDNEY , and will be subject to the Visitation of twelve Gentlemen of Character and Influence in their respective Counties; the immediate and acting Members being chiefly of the Church of England . The Number of Visitors and Trustees will probably be increased as soon as the Distractions of the Times shall so far cease as to enable its Patrons to enlarge its Foundations.—The Students will all board and study under the same Roof, provided for by a common Steward, except such as choose to take their Boarding in the Country. The Rates, at the utmost, will not exceed 10l. Currency per Annum to the Steward, and 4l. Tuition Money; 20s. of this being always paid at Entrance.
The System of Education will resemble that which is adopted in the College of New Jersey ; save, that a more particular Attention shall be paid to the Cultivation of the English Language than is usually done in Places of public Education. Three Masters and Professors are ready to enter in November , and as many more may be easily procured as the increased Number of Students may at any Time hereafter require. And our Prospects at present are so extremely flattering that it is probable we shall be obliged to procure two Professors more before the Expiration of the Year.
The Public may rest assured that the Whole shall be conducted on the most catholic Plan. Parents, of every Denomination, may be at full Liberty to require their Children to attend on any Mode of Worship which either Custom or Conscience has rendered most agreeable to them. For our Fidelity, in every Respect, we are cheerfully willing to pledge our Reputation to the Public; which may be the more relied on, because our whole Success depends upon their favourable Opinion. Our Character and Interest, therefore, being both at Stake, furnish a strong Security for our avoiding all Party Infigations; for our Care to form good men, and good Citizens, on the common and universal Principles of Morality, distinguished from the narrow Tenets which form the Complexion of any Sect; and for our Assiduity in the whole Circle of Education.
SAMUEL S. SMITH.
P. S. The principal Building of the Academy not being yet completed, those Gentlemen who desire their Children to enter immediately will be obliged to take Lodgings for them in the Neighbourhood, during the Winter Season; which may be done in Houses sufficiently convenient, on very reasonable Terms. 4
TO BE SOLD,
THE Plantation whereon I now live, lately occupied by Mr. William Goodall , deceased, on which is an exceeding fine Peach Orchard, a Dwelling-House, and all convenient Outhouses. My sole Reason for disposing of the above, is, that it is inconvenient to my Business.—Any Person inclinable to become a Purchaser may know the Terms by applying to Mr. William Johnson , in James City .
WAS left at the Subscriber's, in Frederickburg , in 1773, a very large STILL-TUB and WORM, marked I H, N o 1. The Owner is desired to take it away, and pay all Charges || JACOB WHITLER.
WANTED IMMEDIATELY,
FOR THE ARMY,
CAMP KETTLES, either Tin or Brass, to hold about three Gallons; a large Quantity of DUCKING, or RUSSIA DRAB, for Tents; OSNABRUGS, for Hunting-Shirts; CHECKS, coarse white LINEN, or Country made LINEN, for under Shirts; also BLANKETS and coarse STOCKINGS. Any Person who has any of the above Articles for Sale will be pleased to inform me by Letter, per Post, directed to be lodged at the Post Office, Aylett's .—CANTEENS are also much wanted, and it is requested of the respective Committees to make immediate Inquiry after those taken from the Magazine, and contrive them to the Head Quarters; not omitting those that are damaged, which may be repaired.—I will also give ready Money for any Quantity of SALT-PETRE, SULPHUR, or LEAD.
WILLIAM AYLETT, Contractor.
SPADES, SHOVELS, and MATTOCKS, are also wanted. Those who have them will apply as above.
TAPPANNOCK, Sept. 11, 1775.
THE Subscriber being fully empowered
to transact the Business of, and collect the Debts due to, Mr. John M c Call , and Mr. Archibald M c Call , requests the Favour of all those indebted to them, as well as to M c Call and Shedden , to come and settle their Accounts as quickly as possible, and make what Payments they can. I shall expect that those who cannot conveniently pay, and have not already given Bonds for their respective Balances, will now do it. Those to whom the different Concerns are indebted will please to bring in their Accounts, that they may be adjusted and paid. Mr. Robert M c Candlish will settle and collect the Debts due to Mr. John M c Call , at his Store formerly kept at Todd's Warehouse, King and Queen County , till the 1st of January next; and Mr. William M c Call still collects the Debts due to Mr. Archibald M c Call , at his Store formerly kept in Richmond County .
I have about 150l. Sterling Worth of EUROPEAN, and sundry WEST INDIA GOODS, on Hand, which I would sell by Wholesale on reasonable Terms.—I shall retail none on Credit from this Day. WILLIAM SHEDDEN.
WANTED to the Battalion of Minute-
Men in the lower End of the Northern Neck , an ADJUTANT who is well acquainted with the Duty of that Office, agreeable to the Order or Directions of his Majesty in the Year 1764. As this is the only Officer in the Minute Service whose Pay will be constant for nine Months in the Year, it is hoped such as are qualified will readily engage.—Also wanted, a DRUMMER and FIFER, who can teach others the Duty, to act as Drum and Fife Majors.—The Chaplain's Place to said Battalion is not yet engaged.
CABIN POINT, Sept. 28, 1775.
THE Subscriber gave two BONDS to
Stephen Sorsby of Surry , for a Piece of Land in said County, one of 100l. payable the 1st of March 1774, the other for 200l. payable the 1st of March 1775; but as I understand the Land is entailed, I am resolved not to pay the Bonds till a good Title can be made, and hereby forewarn any Person from taking Assignments of them. FRANCIS MORELAND.
TO BE SOLD,
At STRATFORD , the Seat of the late Hon. PHILIP LUDWELL LEE, Esq; in WESTMORELAND , on THURSDAY the 19th Day of OCTOBER ,
The famous high blooded Horse
DOTTEREL,
Greatly distinguished on the Turf in England , and in high Estimation in this Country for Certainty in getting Foals of Beauty and Form. His Pedigree will be shown at the Day of Sale.
At the same Time and Place will be sold a considerable Number of
COLTS and FILLIES from DOTTEREL.
Twelve Months Credit will be allowed the Purchasers, on giving Bond, with approved Security, to the Administrators; and if the Money is not punctually paid when due, the Bonds are to carry Interest from the Date.
Five per Cent. Discount will be allowed for ready Money.
Essex County, Sept. 10, 1775.
RUN away from the Subscriber, about
the Middle of July last, a Virginia born Negro Lad named NED , who is about 18 Years of age, and about 5 Feet high; one of his Hands has a large Scar, occasioned by its being burnt when he was a Child, by which Means some of his Fingers grow together. He has a flat Face and long Head, which is remarkably sharp on the Top. His Clothes were such as are common for Negroes, and he was seen going down the Country. Whoever will secure the said Negro, so that I get him again, shall have a Reward of 40s. besides what the law allows. JAMES EDMONDSON.
A COMPANY of Gentlemen of North
Carolina having, for a large and valuable Consideration, purchased from the Chiefs of the Cherokee Indians , by and with the Consent of the whole Nation, a considerable Tract of their Lands, now called Transylvania , lying on the Rivers Ohio, Cumberland, and Louisa ; and understanding that many People are desirous of becoming Adventurers in that Part of the World, and wish to know the Terms on which Lands in that Country may be had, they therefore hereby inform the Public, that any Person who will settle on and inhabit the same before the first Day of June 1776, shall have the Privilege of taking up and surveying for himself 500 Acres, and for each titheable Person he may carry with him and settle there 250 Acres, on the Payment of 50s. Sterling per Hundred, subject to an yearly Quitrent of 2s. like Money, to commence in the Year 1780. Such Persons as are willing to become Purchasers may correspond and treat with Mr. William Johnson in Hillsborough , and Col. John Williams of Granville, North Carolina , or Col. Richard Henderson at Boonsborough, in Transylvania .—This Country lies on the south Side of the Rivers Ohio and Louisa , in a temperate and healthy Climate. It is in general well watered with Springs and Rivulets, and has several Rivers, up which Vessels of considerable Burthen may come with Ease. In different Places of it are a Number of Salt Springs where the making of Salt has been tried with great Success, and where, with Certainty, any Quantity needed may be easily and conveniently made. Large Tracts of the Land lie on Lime-stone, and in several Places there is Abundance of Iron Ore. The Fertility of the Soil, and Goodness of the Range, almost surpasses Belief; and it is at present well stored with Buffalo, Elk, Deer, Bear, Beaver, &c. and the Rivers abound with Fish of various Kinds. Vast Crowds of people are daily flocking to it, and many Gentlemen of the first Rank and Character have bargained for Lands in it; so that there is a great Appearance of a rapid Settlement, and that it will soon become a considerable Colony, and one of the most agreeable Countries in America . (6)
STRAYED, or STOLEN, from the Subscriber, in Southampton County , about the 15th of August last, a large BAY MARE and FILLY; the Mare has a bushy Mane and Tail, is a natural Pacer, if branded, I do not recollect it, and had a large Bell on, with a Crack in one Edge; the Filly is a Sorrel, with a white Face, and was a late Fcal. Whoever brings them to me shall have 40s. Reward, and if stolen, 4l. on Conviction of the Thief. (||) HARTWELL HOWELL.
HUNTINGTOUR, Sept. 14, 1775.
THE Lands I have for some Time past advertised for Sale are not as yet sold. I will sell them at a very low Price, and allow a reasonable Time of Payment for Part of the Money. The Reason why I have not sold them was, that I would give no Credit. ANTHONY WINSTON.
YORK TOWN, September 19, 1775.
RUN away from Col. Philip Rootes, of  King and Queen , a Negro Man named HARRY , who was some Years ago mortgaged to the Hon. William Nelson . It is with good Reason suspected that he is lurking about West Point , and that he is harboured by some of Col. Thomas Moore's Negroes. Whoever secures and delivers the said Negro, either to Col. Rootes or to one of us, shall receive 40s. Reward. THE EXECUTORS.
STRAYED, or STOLEN, from the Sub- scriber, in Hillsborough, North Carolina , some Time in April last, a BAY HORSE, about 8 or 9 Years old, 4 Feet 7 or 8 Inches high, black Mane and Tail, has remarkable small Eyes, is a natural Trotter, and I believe he has several Hearts on his Buttocks and Shoulders, besides some other Brands, not remembered. I will give 3l. Reward to any Person who will bring him to me in Hillsborough , or to Mr. George Archer in Petersburg , or secure him so that I may get him again. JOHN COATSWORTH.
RUN away from the Subscriber, in Wil- iamburg, the 16th Instant ( July ) two Servant Men, viz.  JOHN STAUNTON , an Englishman , very talkative, by Trade a Wheelwright, pitted with the Smallpox, about 5 Feet 7 or 8 Inches high, with short dark Hair; had on, when he went away, a brown Cloth Coat and Jacket, and striped and Check Trousers.— ANDREW M c GILL , a Scotchman , by Trade a Blacksmith, about 5 Feet 7 Inches high, wears short dark Hair, of a swarthy Complexion; had on a dark blue Cloth Coat and Jacket, Leather Breeches, and striped and Check Trousers.—I imagine they will endeavour to pass for Sailors, as from the ships of war. I have heard that they were seen going towards North Carolina , and will give 5l. for each if secured in any Gaol. JOHN SHIPHARD.
DINWIDDIE, September 1, 1775.
FOR SALE, on very reasonable Terms, several Tracts of valuable PATENTED LAND, some of which have Plantations with considerable Improvements thereon; also several Surveys and Entries of LAND, all lying in the Counties of Halifax, Charlotte, and Bedford . Any Person inclinable to purchase may see the Land, and know the Terms, by applying to Mr. Joseph Medley in Halifax , or to Mr. Thomas Paulton or William Harvey, Junior, of Charlotte . Good Titles will be made the Purchasers by Mr. Alexander Shaw of this County, who is properly authorised to act for me during my Absence from this Colony, for a few Months. NATHANIEL MANSON.
ALEXANDRIA, June 5, 1775.
EIGHT POUNDS REWARD.
RUN away from the Subscriber, two in- dentured Servants named ROBERT SHAW and ANDREW INGLES , both Natives of Scotland , and Bakers by Trade. Each of them had on a Bearskin Jacket lined with Plaid, Osnabrug Trousers, old Shoes, and Half worn Castor Hats. Their Bundles consist, as it is supposed, of two Match Coat Blankets, two Pair of Leather Breeches, two Osnabrug Shirts, two Check Shirts, and two red Jackets. Shaw is about 5 Feet 10 Inches high, has a swarthy Complexion, dark short frized Hair, a long Scar on his right Arm, appears bold, and talks much. Ingles is about 5 Feet 5 Inches high, has short straight Hair, swarthy and long featured, has a Scar above his right Eye, his right Leg is sore, he is fond of Liquor, and talks more in his Country Dialect than Shaw . THOMAS WALSON , a Convict, about 27 Years of Age, a Barber by Trade, about 5 Feet 6 Inches high, has a Laddish down Look, brown straight Hair, a little knock-kneed, and a leering Look; had on, and took with him, two white Linen Shirts, an old Drab coloured Cloth Coat, one red and one striped Holland Jacket, one Pair of new Drilling Breeches, one Pair of old Buff coloured Stocking Breeches, one Pair of white and one Pair of white and blue spotted Stockings, a new Felt Hat bound with black Ferreting, has a black Silk Handkerchief, and some other Things which cannot be described.— WILLIAM LEE , by Trade a Cooper, about 5 Feet 9 Inches high, marked with the Smallpox, has a remarkable large Nose, speaks thick, and is impudent; he took with him a yellow Bull-Dog, with cropped Ears, one Side of his Face white, has a Glass Eye, and white Breast and Neck, is very fond of going into the Water, and answers to the Name of Turk . The said Lee had a Variety of Clothes, which cannot well be described. Whoever takes up, and secures the said Servants, shall have the above Reward, or 40s. for each, paid by JAMES KIRK. ROBERT ADAM. GEORGE PURVIS.
TO BE SOLD,
THREE Thousand Acres of well timbered LAND , near Newmarket , in Caroline County , whereon are two Plantations in good Repair, with proper and convenient Edifices for farming or making of Tobacco. For Terms apply to the Subscriber. JOHN BAYLOR.
TO BE SOLD,
A TRACT of LAND in Caroline County , contiguous to Matapony , containing about 2000 Acres of well timbered Land, the Property of Mr. Robert Baylor . The Terms may be known by applying to Mr. Nathaniel Burwell of King William , Mr. John Armistead of Caroline , and Mr. John Baylor , Executors. (tf)
For SALE, and very CHEAP,
THE Tract of LAND whereon I now live , in the lower End of Caroline County , that contains 470 Acres, and is known to be very good. The Improvements are, a new Dwelling-House 32 by 28 Feet, with three Dormants on a Side, two Fireplaces below, and one above, a good Cellar, the Kitchen 24 by 16 Feet, with all other Outhouses quite new, and the Plantation in fine Order for Cropping. Its Situation is equal to any Forest Place whatever. I will give Credit till next Christmas , when Possession may be had. LE ROY HIPKINS.