The Virginia gazette (Williamsburg, Va.), 1776-01-05 00:00:00

VIRGINIA
GAZETTE.
AND THE PUBLICK GOOD.
ALEXANDER PURDIE, PRINTER.
PHILADELPHIA, Dec. 16. A letter from general LEE to general BURGOYNE.
CAMP on Prospect hill, Dec. 1, 1775.
DEAR SIR,
AS I am just informed you are ready to embark for England, I cannot refrain from once more trespassing on your patience. An opportunity is now presented of immortalising yourself, as the saviour of your country. The whole British empire stands tottering on the brink of ruin, and you have it in your power to prevent the fatal catastrophe; but it will admit of no delay. For heaven's sake, avail yourself of the precious moment; put an end to the delusion; exert the voice of a brave virtuous citizen, and tell the people at home that they must immediately rescind all their impolitick, iniquitous, tyrannical, murderous acts; that they must overturn the whole frantick system, or that they are undone. You ask me, in your letter, if it is independence at which the Americans aim? I answer, no; the idea never entered a single American's head, until a most intolerable oppression forced it upon them. All they required was to remain masters of their own property, and be governed by the same equitable laws which they had enjoyed from the first formation of the colonies. The ties of connexion which bound them to their parent country were so dear to them, that he who would have ventured to have touched them would have been considered as the most impious of mortals; but these sacred ties, the same men who have violated or baffled the most precious laws and rights of the people at home, dissipated or refused to account for their treasures, tarnished the glory, and annihilated the importance of the nation, these sacred ties, I say, so dear to every American, Bute and his Tory administration are now rending asunder.
You ask, whether it is the weight of taxes of which they complain? I answer, no; it is the principle they combat, and they would be guilty in the eyes of God and men, of the present world, and all posterity, did they not reject it: For, if were admitted, they would have nothing that they could call their own. They would be in a worse condition than the wretched slaves in the West India islands, whose little peculium has ever been esteemed inviolate. But wherefore should I dwell on this? Is not the case of Ireland the same with their's? They are subordinate to the British empire, they are subordinate to the parliament of Great Britain, but they tax themselves. Why, as the case is similar, do not you begin with them? But you know, Mr. Burgoyne, audacious as the ministry are, they dare not attempt it.
There is one part of your letter which, confess, I do not thoroughly understand. I recollect right (for I, unfortunately, have not the letter by me) you say, that the privilege of taxing themselves is what the Americans claim, the contest is at an end. You surely cannot allude to the pro-
positions of North; it is impossible that you should not think with me, and all mankind, that these propositions are no more or less than adding to a most abominable oppression a more abominable insult. But to recur to the question of America's aiming at independence. Do any instructions, of any one of the provinces, to their representatives or delegates, furnish the least ground for this suspicion? On the contrary, do they not all breathe the strongest attachment and filial piety for their parent country! But if she discards all the natural tenderness of a mother, and acts the part of a cruel stepdame, it must naturally be expected that their affections cease. The ministry leave them no alternative, aut servire, aut alienari jubent ; it is in human nature, it is a moral obligation, to adopt the latter. But the fatal separation has not yet taken place; and yourself, your single self, my friend, may perhaps prevent it. Upon the ministry, I am afraid, you can make no impression; for, to repeat a hacknied quotation,
-----They are in blood Stepp'd in so far, that, should they wade no more,
To return would be as tedious as go o'er.
But if you will at once break off all connexions with these pernicious men, if you will wave all consideration but the salvation of your country, Great Britain may stand as much indebted to general Burgoyne as Rome was to her Camillus. Do not, I entreat you, my dear sir, think this the mad rhapsody of an enthusiast, nor the cant of a factious designing man; for in these colours, I am told, I am frequently painted. I swear by all that's sacred, as I hope for comfort and honour in this world, and to avoid misery in the next, that I most earnestly and devoutly love my native country; that I wish the same happy relation to subsist, for ages, betwixt her and her children, which has raised the wide arch of her empire to so stupendous and enviable a height; but, at the same time, I avow, that if the parliament and people should be depraved enough to support any longer the present ministry in their infernal scheme, my zeal and reverence for the rights of humanity are so much greater than my fondness for any particular spot, even the place of my nativity, that, had I any influence in the councils of America, I would advise not to hesitate a single instance, but decisively to cut the Gordian knot now besmeared with civil blood.
This I know is strong emphatick language, and might pass with men, who are strangers to the flame which the love of liberty is capable of lighting up in the human breast, for a proof of my insanity; but you, sir, you (unless I have mistaken you from the beginning) well conceive that a man in his sober senses may possess such feelings. In my sober senses, therefore, permit me once more most earnestly to entreat and conjure you to exert your
whole force, energy, and talents, to stop the ministry in this their headlong career. If you labour in vain (as, I must repeat, I think will be the case) address yourself to the people at large. By adopting this method, I am so sanguine as to assure myself of your success; and your publick character will be as illustrious as your personal qualities are amiable, to all who intimately know you. By your means, the colonists will long continue the farmers, planters, and shipwrights, of Great Britain; but if the present course is persisted in, an internal divorce must inevitably take place. As to the idea of subduing them into servitude, and indemnify yourselves for the expense, you must be convinced, long before this, of its absurdity.
I should not perhaps be extravagant, if I advanced that all the ships of the world would be too few to transport force sufficient to conquer three millions of people unanimously determined to sacrifice every thing to liberty; but, if it were possible, the victory would not be less ruinous than the defeat. You would only destroy your own strength. No revenue can possibly be extracted out of this country. The army of placemen might be increased; but her circuitous commerce, founded on perfect freedom, which alone can furnish riches to the metropolis, would fall to the ground. But the dignity of Great Britain, it seems, is at stake. Would you, sir, if in the heat of passion you had struck a simple drummer of your regiment, and afterwards discovered that you had done it unjustly, think it any forfeiture of your dignity to acknowledge the wrong? No (I am well acquainted with your disposition) you would ask him pardon, at the head of your regiment.
I shall now conclude (if you will excuse the pedantry) with a sentence of Latin: Justum est bellum quibus necessarium, et pia arma quibus nulla, nisi in armis, relinquitur spes. I most sincerely wish you a quick and prosperous voyage, and that your happiness and glory may be equal to the idea I have of your merits; as I am, with the greatest truth and affection, yours. C. LEE.
To his excellency WILLIAM TRYON, esq, SIR,
AS you have been pleased to address yourself, in a publick manner, to the inhabitants of this province at large, an apology can hardly be necessary for the freedom I use in conveying my sentiments to you on the interesting contents of your letter, in which, as an individual, I feel myself deeply concerned.
The rectitude of your excellency's conduct, in your official capacity, has deservedly acquired you an eminent degree of popularity and esteem among all orders of men; and, on this account, every step you take is an object of peculiar attention. Even what in another might seem offensive and exceptionable, in you is regarded with the most indulgent partiality. I

should with regret see you embrace any measure which might tend to alienate the affections of the people, and sully the laurels you have reaped from your former virtuous administration.
With respect to your letter under consideration, permit me to intimate to you, that unless it be a mere formality, arising from the necessity of your station, it is, at least, a very indiscreet proceeding, and can answer no other end than to lessen you in the general estimation. We have too good an opinion of your understanding to imagine you can seriously believe there is any thing conciliating, or looking towards an accommodation, in the resolution you mention; a resolution, the terms whereof are diametrically opposite to every principle of liberty, and which has been recommended to us by the most indelicate and indecent of all arguments---the point of the bayonet. We must confess to you, that we are as yet in a state of too much simplicity to understand rightly that species of kindness which is evidenced by carnage and devastation.
Our interests we consider as inseparably united with those of our sister colonies. In union we place our strength, in disunion we see our destruction. We have also the greatest confidence in the judgment and integrity of those who are intrusted with the management of publick affairs; and we can never think of deserting the common cause, and violating the most sacred engagements, by venturing to decide on what is properly a subject of general determination, and by exposing ourselves to the snares and entanglements of a separate treaty. The necessity of union we have been taught by the sagacious lord North himself, who declared in the House of Commons, in support of the motion, that if one link of the chain could be broken the whole would inevitably fall to pieces , and that divide et impera (divide and domineer) is a maxim both just and wise in government. For this instance of plain-dealing we are very much indebted to his lordship; and if we do not profit by it, we shall exhibit to the world a lasting monument of unexampled stupidity.
We would not wish to suppose that you would offer such violence to your "affection for the colony," or bring such an indelible stain upon your own honour, as to be capable of stooping to the mean task of promoting those flagitious and dark designs avowed by the minister; and yet there are unfortunately some appearances, which, in a people less ingenuous than we are, might too easily beget a suspicion of the kind.
It is incumbent upon us to thank your excellency for the genteel and polite language in which you are pleased to charge us with disloyalty and rebellion. To say we have traitorously conspired against his majesty's crown and dignity, and wantonly trampled upon the laws of the state, according to the stale jargon of the times, would be far more harsh and ill-sounding than the smooth harmonious expressions you have adopted. Only to tell us we "withhold our allegiance from our sovereign, and our obedience from the parent country," is civil enough, all things considered. But, at the same time, we beg leave to assure you, that you have been deceived as to the fact; and that, though we have been forced to stray from the ordinary forms of decorum, we desire nothing more than to be speedily restored to the good old way, in which we trod, for almost two centuries, to the mutual satisfaction and advantage of England and America. I know not how you can be unacquainted with this truth, that it is in the power of administration, in a moment, to re-establish the tranquillity and security of the empire, which they alone have interrupted, by relinquishing those attempts which are subversive of our rights as a
free people, and by reinstating us in the same happy situation in which the conclusion of the late war found us. Then shall Britain reap a rich harvest of opulence and power, the fruits of our loyalty and attachment; and we shall again flourish, under the fostering wings of a reformed parent.
I wish, however, that your excellency had thought proper to explain what you meant by allegiance to the king, and obedience to the parent country. If by the former you intend an unconditional obsequiousness to the will of the prince, or of his ministers, even though repugnant to the constitution, and by the latter an absolute submission to the laws of parliament in all cases, we must confess it is our glory to withhold both the one and the other. We acknowledge no obligations which are inconsistent with our rights and privileges as men, and freemen. I am, with all due respect, your excellency's most humble servant,
A CITIZEN. Extract of a letter from Rotterdam, dated September 4.
"All the United Provinces do wish heartily that a blessed peace may soon be restored to your colonies, on honourable terms; and so doth Germany, for rice and tobacco are risen to such a high price that common people are not able to purchase either of those articles."
Extract of a letter from London, Sept. 20.
"You are quite right in thinking me narrow in my political notions. However, it is with pleasure I can inform you my opinion is very different to what it was. I now see much clearer that the Americans are right than ever I did, when I saw them wrong. If I was now in Philadelphia, the first business I should look after would be to join some company and learn the military exercise. The present ministry are certainly a set of the most abandoned wretches. I sincerely wish all their diabolical schemes may be frustrated; which I have not the least doubt of, if wise and prudent measures are observed on your side. There are now in London ten for America for one against it."
"An association is now on foot in Spitalfields for learning the military exercise, and upwards of 100 are joined in one company; they have been heard to say publickly, that they never intend to fight against America, but aim at another mark. I doubt not but, before another opportunity offers, to write to you that 10,000 men will be under arms in this metropolis, in defence of your glorious cause ."
By capt. Harvey, arrived here from St. Kitt's, we learn that on the 17th of October last a very hard gale of wind began at Basseterre, and continued for three days, during which a number of vessels were drove ashore at that place, Sandy Point, &c. Many of them, it was thought, could not be got off; but, happily, no lives were lost.
Capt. Harvey also informs us, that on the first of November a terrible fire broke out in the town of St. George, in Grenada, which continued burning till the 8th, when all the houses, except a few at a place called the Cannash, were consumed, together with their provisions. This account was confirmed, and believed, at St. Kitt's; from whence they were sending vessels, with necessaries, for the relief of the unhappy sufferers.
L O N D O N, September 20.
Part of the instructions from the freeholders of the county of Middlesex, to the right hon. John Wilkes and John Glynn, esqrs. knights of the shire for that county, agreed on at a meeting, Monday, Sept. 25, 1775, at the Mile End assembly room.
WE particularly instruct you to exert yourselves in preventing the farther effusion of the blood of our innocent fellow-subjects in America, and to put a speedy
end to the present unnatural and ruinous civil war. We also desire you to use your unwearied endeavours to assist and support the representatives of the city of London for obtaining a redress of every obnoxious and unconstitutional act, and in bringing to the justice of their country the advisers of such nefarious measures as have been adopted during the last 14 years, tending to subvert the constitution of this country, and which we are convinced will very soon effect the ruin and destruction of the British empire.
The lord mayor has received a letter from the Congress , superscribed On the service of the united colonies , directed To the right hon. the lord mayor and livery of the city of London , and below, CONGRESS, Philadelphia, JOHN HANCOCK , which his lordship intends to submit to the livery on Friday next at the common-hall.
Monsr. Voltaire is daily expected at Paris, he having obtained permission from the king to spend the rest of his days in his native country.
Yesterday admiral Shuldham was at court, and took leave of his majesty, he being in a few days to set out for Boston, to take the command of the fleet there.
The following advertisement from the general post office appears in all the London papers of this evening: "A mail will be despatched from hence on Wednesday next for New York, and also one for Charlestown, after which there will be no regular conveyance for letters from this office to North America; but whenever a packet may be despatched to any part of that continent, proper notice will be given"
This morning 600 sheep were sent down in a lighter to Deptford, to put on board the ships lying there, bound to Boston, and other ports of America.
Correct copies are ordered to be made out of all the American charters separately, in order to their being produced the next sessions of parliament.
The detachments from Burgoyne's and Elliott's light-horse being ordered to march to be ready for embarking for Boston, put black crape upon their swords, and passed in that truly mournful manner from Kensington to Brentford; and in their way they met his majesty, to whom they meant to show that they disliked and detested the unnatural service they were going on.
Most of the officers, particularly the field-officers and captains, of the regiments in Ireland ordered to go to America (except those of the 46th) have presented memorials, soliciting leave of absence, alledging sickness, &c.
However other branches of trade may thrive, the American, West Indian, and African, must sink. The sudden decay of trade finally produceth every species of disorder. The dreadful scene at Liverpool is but the beginning of home calamities, all chargeable on the ministry. This scene of horror and bloodshed will soon, in all probability, be more than equalled at Whitehaven, Glasgow, and other western ports. And who shall say that none of those violent shakings will shake the throne?
Private letters from Corke say, that the soldiers who are to be sent to America murmur exceedingly. They are so averse to the service, that most of them have declared, if they are forced on board the transports, they will take the first opportunity to desert. The letter adds, that this declaration has given great uneasiness to the officers.
Extract of a letter from a gentleman of rank near Manchester.
"You ask a line of politicks from me. Alas! I can only sincerely lament the miserable state of publick affairs, and deprecate the mischiefs and distractions that must arise from the weak, oppressive, vindictive system of our American politicks. The friends of American freedom, how-

ever respectable, are out-numbered every where, and the ministry seem to have the cry in their favour. Toryism prevails in this part of the country; and even Jacobites and non-jurors are become loyal, and address the king, witness their Manchester address. I did not attend this business, or (as you will believe) sign the courtly paper, filled as it is with falsehoods and fictitious loyalty . The proposed association has been badly managed, their papers dispersed only amongst the avowed friends of ministry with us, who make them the pretext for addressing. All the houses in Manchester, who have ever had any commerce with America, refused to sign the address, as impolitick and ungrateful .”
The ministry are exerting all their interest to procure addresses in favour of their measures against America, from the different cities and towns throughout the kingdom.
Bad measures may be applauded by bad men; but those who are disinterested, and, in spite of arbitrary threats, dare speak their minds, declare they think America highly injured, with their brethren on the other side the Atlantick a speedy issue from their troubles, and those who caused them an early impeachment and a publick execution.
An address to his majesty has been moved for at Aberdeen in Scotland, but goes on more slowly there than at either Glasgow or St. Andrew's, so that it is a chance whether it will be carried. A number of respectable people are against it, as they say it cannot be proved that any opposition which is carried on is intended against the king, but against his ministers, who are as heartily despised in Scotland as in England.
We hear from Aberdeen in Scotland, that the king's proclamation was read last week in due form, but was far from being so joyfully received as some people expected.
Government have contracted with mr. Mellish to supply the troops at Boston with a very considerable number of oxen, and 14,000 sheep, the largest and fattest that can be procured. Several of the oxen, and 4000 of the sheep, are ordered to be sent over immediately, alive, and the remainder as soon as they can be purchased.
It is said that the duke of Northumberland has freighted a ship for Boston, with fresh provisions, for the use of lord Percy's regiment.
Boston is said to be no longer tenable. The government troops will, in consequence, retire to Long Island.
We hear that general Gage, on his arrival in England, is to be created lord Lexington, and baron of Bunker's Hill.
On Sunday evening arrived in town general Gage's lady from Salisbury, and immediately waited on their majesties at Kew, where she was most graciously received, and had a conference for upwards of an hour, after which she returned to town.
The government have contracted with Felix Calvert and Henry Thrall, esqrs. to furnish 5000 butts of strong beer each, to be shipped with all possible despatch for the use of his majesty's troops at Boston. A contract is also entered into with mr. Slade, to furnish 5000 chaldrons of coals; and mr. Duffy, of Tooly street, a very large quantity of potatoes; and on Monday a quantity of faggots were shipped on board several transports at Deptford.
Happily there is a very large fleet of colliers in the river, or it is imagined the above extensive contract would greatly enhance the price of coals, as they are all taken at the market price, which is a sufficient proof of the necessities of government.
Meetings of the freeholders of several counties, it is said, will be held, in order to determine whether they shall give instructions to their representatives in parlia-
ment, for their conduct, the ensuing session, in regard to America.
Thirteen surgeons have received orders to embark for Boston, by the first ship that sails for that port.
A letter from Plymouth, dated Sept. 17th, says: "This day the transport from Boston came into Catwater, and a few of the men came on shore, when hardly ever were seen such objects! Some without legs, and others without arms; and their clothes hanging on them like a loose morning gown, so much are they fallen away by sickness and want of proper nourishment. There were near 60 women and children on board, widows and children of the men who were slain. Some of these I have met in the street, and they exhibit a most shocking spectacle; and the vessel itself, I am told, though a very large one, yet is almost intolerable, from the stench arising from the sick and wounded, for many of them are hardly cured yet. There are two more transports daily expected with invalids, who sailed from Boston with the above."
Several young gentlemen, of some of the first families in England, are gone out to Boston, in the Bishop, capt. Willoughby, which sailed from the river yesterday, as volunteers to serve under general Gage.
Sept. 22. A great quantity of small-arms is now getting ready at the Tower, to be shipped for Boston.
Extract of a letter from Plymouth, Sept. 17.
"We learn here, by the sick and wounded soldiers who are landed, that there are not above 2000 soldiers, including officers, at Boston, fit to do duty, and these are averse to the service. They declare, that 60,000 men would not be able to bring the Americans under subjection. They farther say, that the provincials used the prisoners so well that most of them desire to continue where they are. All the soldiers speak well of the Americans, for their great humanity. In short, many who were against the Americans are now in favour of them."
A young nobleman, no less amiable for his private than illustrious for his publick virtues, has, we hear, declared himself a friend to the plan on which the London association is formed. It is not doubted but an example of this kind will induce such of our nobles as possess the principles of patriotism to lend their aid to a scheme in favour of constitutional liberty.
By the latest advices government have received, there is every reason to believe that the Americans, if they have not effected, have yet meditated, the capture of Canada.
Three merchant ships, freighted on account of generals Howe, Clinton, Percy, and Burgoyne, laden with live-stock, pease, flour, and porter, sailed yesterday from the river for Boston.
The hon. admiral Byron will be appointed second in command on the American station.
Extract of a letter from the Hague, Sept. 15.
"They write from Hanover, that col. de Scheiter, whose exploits last war made him well known, has offered to the regency of that electorate to raise a regiment to be employed against the rebels in America, and he has obtained leave to go to London to make a tender of his services there."
Sept. 25. Government has, we hear, contracted for 10,000 tuns of potatoes from England and Ireland to go to America, 3000 of which one potato merchant has engaged to furnish them with.
A petition to the king is sent over from the island of Grenada, praying that reconciliatory measures may take place between Great Britain and her colonies, as the effects of the dispute are greatly felt in Grenada and the other West India islands.
This morning orders were sent down to Portsmouth, Plymouth, and the several dockyards, for the men to work double tides in order to repair the several men of war that are put into commission, and are ordered to be got ready for sailing with all expedition.
Extract of a letter from Barcelona, Sept. 6.
"They write from Alicante, of the 20th ult. that the night before general O'Reilly, the admiral Castleton, and three other generals, had sailed on board two frigates, under convoy of five men of war of the line, as it is said, for Cadiz, where it is supposed these gentlemen will meet farther orders."
A correspondent informs us, that an officer on half-pay applied to a noble lord, his friend, for a command in America, thinking it the likeliest way for promotion; which the other dissuaded him from for the present, adding, that he thought things were in a train of accommodation.
The army and fleet at Boston have discretionary orders to winter wherever they shall think it most convenient and safe.
ADVERTISEMENTS.
HANOVER, Dec. 22, 1775.
ON Monday the 22d of January next, pursuant to the last will and testament of mr. Francis Smith, deceased, of Hanover county, will be sold on the premises, a tract of land containing 1072 acres, lying in the county of Louisa . The fertility of this soil, for corn, wheat, and tobacco, is so well known, as makes a description unnecessary; and its situation to church, courthouse, and mill, is entirely convenient. There is a considerable quantity of wheat sowed on the plantation; which is under good enclosures; and there is an overseer's house, a quarter, and all necessary out-houses for cropping. At the same time and place will be sold a stock of horses, cattle, sheep, and hogs, the crop of corn and wheat, together with a variety of plantation utensils.
And on Monday the 29th of January will be sold on the said deceased's plantation, in Hanover county, 30 choice Virginia born slaves amongst which are several valuable tradesmen and house servants, the household and kitchen furniture, also the stock of horses, cattle, sheep, and hogs, with the crop of corn, wheat, oats, a large quantity of pine, cherry, black walnut, and birch plank, together with all kinds of plantation utensils, and sundry other articles too tedious to mention. At the same time and place will be sold a tract of land in King William county, containing 108 acres, well timbered, and within four miles of Hanover town. Twelve months credit will be allowed the purchasers for all sums above 40s. upon giving bond and security, to carry interest from the date, if not punctually paid.
All persons who have any demands against the estate are desired to bring in their accounts, properly authenticated; and those in arrears are most earnestly requested to make payment, as soon as possible, or give bond for their respective balances.
THOMAS SMITH, executor.
To be RENTED for a term of YEARS,
THE well accustomed tavern on the road from Hanover courthouse to Hanover town. The conveniencies of this place, for either a publick or private family, are very great, the dwelling-house having six rooms below stairs and two above, a kitchen, dairy, meat-house, quarter, blacksmith's shop, a very large barn and stable, with every other necessary for the immediate reception of a family. Any person inclined to rent the said place may know the terms by applying to the subscriber, near the premises.
THOMAS SMITH.

WILLIAMSBURG, Jan. 1, 1776.
CONSIDERING the great rise in the price of PAPER, the high expense attending the transportation of it to this place from Philadelphia, and the difficulty there is to procure it almost on any terms, the PRINTER is reduced to the necessity of demanding half the year's subscription money from every new subscriber to his GAZETTE, and begs that those who owe him for the last 11 months (from Feb 3, 1775, to Dec. 31) which is 11s. 6d. would send in their subscriptions, and those that subscribed later to pay in to Dec. 31st, at the rate of 12d. halfpeny per month, that he may begin a new account, this NEW YEAR, with all his customers, whom he shall endeavour to serve to the utmost of his abilities, and hopes to be able to furnish them always with pleasing intelligence, even in these boisterous times.
*** Those indebted to me, likewise, for ADVERTISEMENTS, BOOKS, STATIONARY, &c. will exceedingly oblige me by paying off their accounts; as I have some debts of my own to discharge, which I would willingly settle as soon as I am able.
I am the PUBLICK's obliged
And devoted servant,
ALEX. PURDIE.
SIX POUNDS REWARD.
STOLEN from the subscriber, on Tuesday night the 10th of October, a dark bay (or brown) HORSE, 10 or 11 years old last spring, upwards of 15 hands high, his hind feet white, and has a few gray hairs in his forehead, paces, trots, and gallops, and when rode goes with pretty good spirit, has a hanging mane, little foretop, yellow nose, and short back, his tail when trimmed, which was very lately, was intended for a switch, but by the unskilfulness of the person who did it it was made almost as short as a long bob, the hoofs of his fore feet were broken on the inside, and he had on a pair of shoes about half worn, but if he has been much rode, it is very probable that one or both may be off by this time. Whoever takes up and secures both thief and horse, so that the thief be convicted, and the horse delivered to me at Patuxent iron works, or William Reid in Fredericksburg, shall receive the above reward, or 20s. for the horse only; but if the horse should be a great distance, reasonable charges will be allowed, by
2|| JAMES RAWLINGS.
STRAYED from the subscriber in Southampton, on the 5th ult. a BAY MARE two years old last spring, about 4 feet 6 inches high, has a long tail and hanging mane, one (or both) of her hind feet white, but is not branded; she was raised by William Sikes of Sussex. Whoever brings the said mare to me shall have 40s. reward.
2|| BEVERLY BOOTH.
COMMITTED to the jail of Essex, on suspicion of being a runaway, JOHN MAHANY, who says he was imported from Corke about five years ago, in a ship commanded by capt. John Roberts, and was sold at Quantico to one William Steward of Pittsylvania. He is a man of about 25 years of age, and about 5 feet 8 inches high. The owner (if any) is desired to take him away, and pay charges. JAMES EMERSON, jailer.
DECEMBER 18, 1775.
AT Malbro' IRON WORKS, in Frederick county, in the colony of Virginia, is immediately wanted a sufficient number of hands to cut 5000 cords of wood. The cash will be paid for any part of the above quantity that may be contracted for, as soon as complied with.
|| ISAAC ZANE.
To be SOLD, on Thursday the 11th instant (January) if fair, otherwise next fair day, at the plantation of the late mr.
James Barwell in King William, ALL the STOCKS upon the said plantation, with the crops of CORN, WHEAT, &c. and PLANTATION UTENSILS. Credit till the 30th of October next will be allowed for all sums above 10l. the purchasers giving bond and security, and for all sums under ready money will be expected. (1)
WILLIAM RUSSELL, deputy sheriff of York.
TREASURY OFFICE, December 22, 1775.
PURSUANT to an act of General Assembly, and a resolution of Convention, I have appointed mr. Bartholomew Dawdrige to assist in signing and mr. William Rose in filling up and numbering the treasury notes.
RO. C. NICHOLAS, treasurer.
GLOUCESTER, December 21, 1775.
I INTEND to leave the colony immediately, and to return in a few weeks.
JOHN DIXON, jun.
RICHMOND, December 26, 1775.
RUN away, on Sunday the 3d instant, an English servant man, named RALPH CHILLINGSWORTH, of the middle stature, slim made, thin visaged, has had the smallpox, is very fond of spirituous liquors, a plaisterer by trade, and a very artful sensible fellow. He had on a good frieze coat, red cloth waistcoat, worsted stockings, strong London made shoes, white shirt, brown wig, which is rather too large for him, and a beaver hat, that has been dressed, after being some time wore. He has been seen, since he made his escape, selling some of snabrugs, and I hear purchased a gun, with which it is probable he will endeavour to get on board some of the men of war at Norfolk. Whoever conveys the said servant to me shall have 40s. reward, but if he returns to his duty he will be received kindly.
RICHARD ADAMS.
TAKEN up in Halifax, a black horse about 6 years old, 4 feet 4 inches and a half high, ablaze in his face, his near fore foot white, a hanging mane and short switch tail, paces naturally, has a bell on, a hole little above the off nostril, which appears to be the bite of a dog, and is branded on the near shoulder H. Posted, and appraised to 8l.
NATHANIEL BARKSDILL.
TAKEN up in the Bull Pasture, county of Augusta, a dark bay mare 4 years old last spring, about 13 hands high, has a few white hairs in her forehead, one or two white spots on her back, a hanging mane and switch tail, a mealy mouth and eyes, paces and trots, and is branded, or marked, on the near shoulder, with two strokes. Posted, and appraised to 6l.
|| JOSEPH MALCOM.
TAKEN up in Augusta, a stray COW about 12 years old, with a black head and neck, her hind parts white, and her ears cropped. Posted, and appraised to 30s. || HENRY M'CLUNG.
TAKEN up in the lower end of Culpeper, a red brindled cow, marked with a crop end swallow-fork in the right ear, or slit, and part of the under side of the ear taken off, in the left ear with a crop and slit. 2|| WEDARD WEST.
TAKEN up near Brook's gap, in Augusta, a bay mare 6 years old last spring, about 13 hands and a half high, is a natural pacer, and branded on the near shoulder HL in a piece; she has with her a young sucking mare colt. Posted, and appraised to 10l. || JOHN THOMAS.
I INTEND to leave the colony in a short time, and to return next summer.
JAMES MILLER.
STRAYED or stolen from Williamsburg, about 5 weeks past, a middle-sized gray horse belonging to mr. John Taylor, quarter-master of the second regiment. He paces slow, trots and gallops well, and is branded on the near buttock E. P. Whoever brings him to my house in Caroline, or to capt. Robert Anderson in Williamsburg, shall be liberally rewarded.
EDMUND PENDLETON.
Dec. 23, 1775.
STOLEN from the subscriber's pasture, near Williamsburg, a light bay mare, 3 years old next spring, about 4 feet 4 inches high, has a star in her forehead a little larger than a dollar, both hind feet white, a hanging mane and switch tail, and paces naturally. Whoever brings her to me, in Williamsburg, shall have 20s.
GABRIEL MAUPIN.
N. B. I will not be answerable for any horses that may get away for the future.
WILLIAMSBURG, December 22, 1775.
THE surviving partners of mr. John Prentis, late manager of the trade under the firm of himself and co. earnestly request all persons indebted to the said partnership to pay their respective balances to mr. Robert Prentis, the present manager; and such who cannot possibly comply therewith will think it but reasonable to close their accounts, by giving bond and security to ROBERT PRENTIS, & co.
To be SOLD, on Thursday the 1st of February, at the town of Manchester, commonly called Rocky Ridge,
ABOUT 100 Virginia born NEGROES, among whom are some female house servants, a carpenter, and shoemaker. Twelve months credit will be given, and bond with good security required of the purchasers, by
4|| DAVID MEADE.
TO BE SOLD,
TRACT of land in Albemarle county, on Mitchems river, near Rockfish, containing 228 acres, whereon is a very good grist mill, also a fulling mill, with all tools and conveniencies to carry on the fulling trade. There is a very plantation, upon which is a dwelling-house 50 feet long ceiled with plank, very neat, an eight foot shed, a good cellar, a barn 52 feet long and 22 wide, a very good shop, wherein is a loom and tacklings, all convenient outhouses, an orchard of 150 bearing apple trees. The land is exceedingly fine, being chiefly low grounds; and I will take one half the value of it money in negroes. Any person inclining to purchase may know the terms by applying to me living on the premises, on the Augusta road, 14 miles above the town of Charlottesville. SAMUEL STOCKTON.
To be SOLD under a power of attorney from Mr. John Baylor,
ABOUT 1000 acres of land in the county of Orange, to be laid off on the upper part of a tract whereon John Hawkins lives. The land in general is very good, and contains a considerable quantity of valuable low ground. The terms may be known by applying to mr. James Newman, near the premises, or to the subscriber, in the county of Caroline. (if)
EDMUND PENDLETON. jun.
N. B. I am also empowered to receive and pay mr. Baylor's debts, but I am apprehensive it will not be in my power to do either, and therefore hope his creditors will not be impatient or uneasy.
ARTICLES of Intelligence, Essays, Advertisements, &c. are thankfully received for this Paper, the Price of which is 12s. 6d. per Annum; Advertisements inserted as usual. PRINTING WORK done with Care and Expedition, and on reasonable Terms.

AN ORDINANCE for appointing SHERIFFS.
WHEREAS by an act of Assembly made in the 22d year of the reign of his late majesty king George II. entitled An act prescribing the method of appointing sheriffs, and for limiting the time of their continuance in office, and directing their duty therein , it is, among other things, enacted, "that every county court of this dominion shall annually, between the last day of June and the last day of August, present to the governor, or commander in chief of this colony for the time being, a list or recommendation of three persons named in the commission of the peace for their county, one of which persons so recommended shall thereupon be commissioned by the said governor or commander in chief to execute the office of sheriff of that county for the next ensuing year;" and whereas John earl of Dunmore, his majesty's lieutenant and governor general of this colony, hath withdrawn himself from the seat of his government, and commenced hostilities against the good people of this colony, hath also, by his proclamation, declared martial law to be in force in the colony, and refuseth to grant commissions for executing the office of sheriffs, according to the directions of the said recited act, whereby justice is and may be greatly delayed and hindered:
For remedy whereof, BE IT ORDAINED, by the delegates and representatives of the several counties and corporations within this colony in the present General Convention, and it is hereby ordained by the authority of the same, that upon the expiration of the office of sheriff of any county in this colony, the court of such county, instead of recommending three persons to the governor or commander in chief, to be by him commissioned to the office of sheriff, shall, and they are hereby empowered and required to nominate and appoint one of the persons named in the commission of the peace for their county to execute the office of sheriff of their said county for one year; and the person so nominated and appointed shall have all the powers and authorities, and shall perform and execute the said office in as full and ample manner, as if appointed by commission from the governor or commander in chief of this colony, according to the direction of the said recited act. And the person so nominated and appointed, before he enters upon his office, shall take the oath of office, and enter into bonds with sufficient security, agreeable to the laws now in force. And if any person shall refuse to accept the said office, the court shall proceed to appoint another in the room of the person so refusing, who shall give the like bonds and security, and take the oath of office as aforesaid.
PROVIDED always, that so soon as the executive powers of government in this colony are restored to their proper channel, and other sheriffs shall be appointed pursuant to the said act of Assembly, that the persons who may be appointed to the office of sheriff by the county courts in manner aforesaid shall cease to execute the said office, and the powers hereby given shall be revoked.
IN CONVENTION, December 22, 1775. RESOLVED unanimously, that the thanks of this Convention are justly due to the brave officers, gentlemen volunteers, and soldiers of North Carolina, as well as to our brethren of that province in general, for their prompt and generous aid in defence of our common rights, against the enemies to America, and of the British constitution.
Resolved, that no person be allowed to make reprisal on the property of lord Dunmore, in this colony, for their property seized by him, or the navy, without the order of this Convention.
WATER TOWN, December 11.
WE have just received certain intelligence, that on Saturday last capt. Manly, of the Lee privateer, took and carried into Beverly a large ship of 300 tuns burthen (mounted with two double fortified 6 pounders, and six blunderbusses, with 18 men before the mast) bound from London for the ministerial army at Boston, laden with coals and provisions, consisting chiefly of porter, cheese, and 40 live hogs, 30 more having died on the passage. Although fuel and the above articles are no rarity to the army of the united colonies, yet so far as they are distressing to their enemies, so far it must be acknowledged they are an advantage to us. The above ship had 7 weeks passage, and brought papers to the 16th of October; which, together with the letters, we are informed the captain hove overboard after he was taken.
The same day capt. Manly also took and carried in there a brig of about 150 tuns burthen, from Antigua for Boston (consigned to one Brimer, for the use of the ministerial navy) laden with about 130 puncheons of rum, besides 100 cases of gin, some cocoa, and a cask of oranges, to please the delicate appetite of my lord HOWE! which however may possibly be more acceptable to our army than any other provision, saving a farther mess or two for the CONGRESS, which has not a very craving appetite.
Last Saturday 'tween night a ship from Scotland, bound to Bolton, laden with about 350 chaldrons of coal, and a quantity of bale goods, taken by capt. Manly, is now in Salem. She is about 200 tuns burthen, and is almost a new ship.
NEWPORT, December 11.
ABOUT 1 o'clock yesterday morning the bomb brig, a schooner, and 2 or 3 armed sloops, left this harbour, went to Conanicut, and landed upwards of 200 marines, sailors, and negroes, at the East Ferry, marched in three divisions immediately over to the West ferry, and set the several houses on fire which were near the ferry-place, then retreated back, setting fire to almost every house on each side the road, from the West to the East ferry, and several houses and barns some distance on the N. and S. side of the road; driving out the women and children, swearing they should be burnt in the house if they did not immediately turn out. About 20 houses were consumed, all of which were plundered of beds, wearing apparel, and such household furniture as could be conveniently carried off. The above vessels brought off about 30 head of oxen, a few sheep and hogs, most of which they killed before they took them on board. They left Conanicut yesterday, and came to this harbour again about noon.
PHILADELPHIA, Dec. 20.
BY a letter from col. Arnold, dated Nov. 20th, we learn that he was at Point au Tremble, on the Quebec side of the river; that he had received advice that col. Maclean was preparing to sally out, and that his men were in good spirits, and wishing for it; that the officers of government in Quebec had removed their effects on board the vessels, and permitted none of them to sail, from which it is concluded that they will make no great defence.
We are informed that a camp for 20,000 French troops is marked out at Hispaniola, and that 7000 of them are hourly expected.
From Dominica, we learn that a gentleman had arrived there from Martinique, who brought intelligence of several thousand French troops being already arrived at that island, Guadalupe, &c. and that more were daily expected.
From St. Eustatia, we have an undoubted account of the arrival of 2500 men at Martinico, and 1800 men at Guadalupe. They are part of a reinforcement of 10,000 men, ordered out for those islands; there are also 4000 ordered out for St. Domingo, some of which are arrived."
Accounts have been received, which were credited in the camp, of the arrival of a sloop, supposed to be the Macaroni of Connecticut, and a French ship in company, to the eastward of Cambridge, with powder; the former said to have 22 tuns, and the latter 40 on board, a confirmation of which was impatiently expected when these advices came away.
Extract of a letter from New York, Dec. 10.
"Captain Vandeput, of the Asia, has shown his orders to some of the principal inhabitants here; which are, to seize all vessels going in or out, the provision and flat vessels to be sent to Bolton. He has in consequence, already taken a brig belonging to Mr. Beach, with a load of salt, from Lisbon, or St. Ubes; and notwithstanding she now leaks intolerably, and has already pumped out near one quarter of her salt, yet she is going to Bolton."
By letters from general Schuyler, we learn that col. Easton had taken the vessels bound for Montreal to Quebeck, under the command of Carleton or Prescot. That Carleton, with four or five Canadians, had landed from the fleet, and were making the best of their way to Quebeck in the dress of peasants. That the brig Gaspee, together with 7 sloops and schooners which were taken as above, had on board (who are also taken) brigadier general Prescot, capt. William Dunbar, major of brigade; capt. William Gamble, quartermaster-general; captains Anstruther, Swan, Crawford, and Harris; lieutenant Cleveland; ensigns Gamble, Leslie, and McDonald; dr. Beaumont; and 150 privates, most of them of the 26th regiment and the artillery. There were on board the vessels two cannon of 9 and two of 6 pounders, 36 cannon cartridges, and 45 ball, 3 barrels of powder, 2380 musket cartridges, 8 chests of arms, 200 pair of shoes, a quantity of intrenching tools, 760 barrels of flour, 20 of biscuit, 675 barrels of beef, and 376 firkins of butter. We farther learn, that col. Allen and his party, who were taken prisoners near Montreal, are actually sent to England in irons, by major Prescot; and that general Montgomery, with a strong detachment, was to leave Montreal on the 25th of November, to reinforce colonel Arnold at Quebeck.
Extract of a letter from general Schuyler, dated Albany, December 14.
"The Indians delivered us a speech on the 12th, in which they related the substance of all the conferences col. Johnson had with them the last summer, concluding with that at Montreal, where he delivered to each of the Canadian tribes a war belt and the hatchet, who accepted it; after which they were invited to feast on a Bostonian and drink his blood. An ox being roasted for the purpose, and a pipe of wine given to drink, the war song was sung. One of the chiefs of the Six Nations, that attended at that conference, accepted a very large black war belt with a hatchet depicted in it; but would neither eat, nor drink, nor sing the war song. This famous belt they have delivered up, and we have now a full proof that the ministerial servants have attempted to engage the savages against us."

Dec. 23. Advices from Cambridge, of the 11th instant, are, that all the stores taken out of the ordnance ship had been brought safe to the camp, and diffused a general animation through the whole army.
Extract of a letter from a gentleman at Cambridge, to his friend at Newhaven, Dec. 11.
"Yesterday about 6:00 of the regulars on Bunker's hill demolished their advanced works on this side the causeway. Various are the conjectures of this manœuvre. Some think they are about to abandon the hill, and take possession of Dorchester point; others think, that as those advanced works were of little advantage to them in making a defence against an attack, they did not think them worth the trouble of guarding; others imagine they will all retire to Boston, and remain there during the winter; and others, that they have done it to lull us into security, and intend to make an attack that way. My opinion is, that they have no great inclination for fighting at present, and will be content if they can defend themselves through the winter. I imagine some time this week, we shall have some firing, as Litchmore's point is to be fortified in a day or two."
WILLIAMSBURG, January 5. A letter from Col. Howe and Woodford to the Hon. the President of the Convention, dated NORFOLK, 10 o'clock at night, Jan. 1, 1776.
B ETWEEN 3 and 4 o'clock a severe cannonade began from all the shipping, under cover of which they landed small parties, and set fire to the houses on the wharves. The wind favoured their design, and we believe the flames will become general. In the confusion which they supposed would ensue, they frequently attempted to land; but this, by the bravery of our officers and men, we have hitherto prevented, with only a few men wounded on our side, and we persuade ourselves with a good deal of loss on theirs. Their efforts, and our opposition, will continue. We have stationed ourselves in such a manner as will, we believe, render every thing but burning the houses ineffectual. We wait with impatience your farther orders, and are respectfully, &c.
Extract of a letter from col. Howe, to the President of the Convention, Jan. 2.
"The burning of the town has made several avenues, which yesterday they had not, so that they may now fire with greater effect. The tide is now rising, and we expect at high water another cannonade. I have only to wish it may be as ineffectual as the last, for we have not one man killed, and but a few wounded. I cannot enter into the melancholy consideration of the women and children running through a crowd of shot to get out of the town, some of them with children at their breast. A few have, I hear, been killed. Does it not call for vengeance, both from God and man! It is but justice to inform you, that I had the pleasure to find every officer ready to execute orders at a moment's warning, and that the men behaved with steadiness and spirit. Col. Stevens went down at my command, and headed some men near the water, where he engaged a party who had landed, with the spirit and conduct of a good officer. Of my friend col. Woodford, it is almost needless to speak; but I cannot avoid expressing, that I received from him every assistance which conduct and spirit could give me."
Extract of a letter from col. Elliott, to col. Patrick Henry, dated Hampton, Jan 5, 1776.
Enclosed you have the copy of a letter from col. Woodford to me, dated 3 o'clock yesterday, since which a snow and two small vessels have gone up to Norfolk. She appeared to have a great many men on board, but was not a vessel of war. There are three others (one a brig) in the bay, this
morning coming up, which capt. Barron has just gone to look after. Some little time after my exp. left Norfolk, with the enclosed, a very heavy firing began, and continued chief part of the night; and a considerable fire was discovered there about dark, which continued burning many hours."
NORFOLK, Jan. 4, 1776, 3 o'clock P. M.
"About a quarter past 3 on Monday afternoon the whole fleet began a heavy cannonade, which lasted 7 hours, without any intermission, and indeed continued, off and on, till last night, since which we have been tolerably quiet. Under the fire of their ships, they landed in many places, and set fire to the houses on the wharves. In these attempts, many of them, we are certain, were killed, and never failed being repulsed by our people. We had not a man killed, and only 5 or 6 wounded, one supposed mortally; and two or three women and children are said to be killed. Providence certainly interfered in our favour, or more lives must have been lost. They once landed and got into the streets with field-pieces, but were beat back with loss, and no execution done by their fire. Nine tenths of the town are destroyed, but the fire is now out."
This morning lieut. Batut and 5 grenadiers of the 14th regiment, who were wounded at the Great Bridge, with 17 Tories, and 11 negroes, arrived in town, under a strong guard, from Norfolk. The wounded soldiers are sent to the hospital, most of the Tories and negroes lodged in the publick jail, and lieut. Batut, with a few others, admitted on their parole.
Yesterday afternoon an express arrived from York, with intelligence that two top-mast vessels, and one of a smaller size, had hove in sight, which were suspected to be two men of war and a tender, coming up to cannonade that town; upon which capt. Gibson, with his West Augusta boys, were immediately ordered to reinforce the troops stationed there, and prevent any of Dunmore's hell-hounds from landing to set fire to the houses. Many gentlemen volunteers likewise went from this city, to assist their brethren of York; and our worthy delegates, then sitting in Convention, formed themselves under that old intrepid warrior, col. Andrew Lewis, for the protection of the city. Capt. Gibson had marched but a little distance from town, when he was met by col. Henry; from York, with the agreeable intelligence, that the two large vessels were, one a provision vessel from Corke, deep laden with beef, butter, potatoes, &c. the other from the Grenades loaded with rum, sugar, and several other necessaries, and the small vessel the brave capt. Barron, carrying them up the river, out of the reach of the men of war.
*** Doctor Poye's reply to Mr. Snead, and sundry other pieces coming too late for this week's paper, must be deferred till next week, when they will most assuredly have places.
Mr. PURDIE,
I HOPE our countrymen will not be at all dispirited at the destruction of Norfolk, but rather rejoice that half the mischief our enemies can do us is done already. They have destroyed one of the first towns in America, and the only one (except 2 or 3) in Virginia, which carried on any thing like a trade. We are only sharing part of the sufferings of our American brethren, and can now glory in having received one of the keenest strokes of the enemy, without flinching. They have done their worst, and to no other purpose than to harden our soldiers, and learn them to bear, without dismay, all the most formidable operations of a war carried on by a powerful and cruel enemy; to no other purpose than to give the world specimens of British cruelty, and American fortitude, unless it be to force us to lay aside that childish fondness for Britain, and that foolish tame dependence on her. We had born so long with the oppression of an ungenerous re-
striction of our trade, of a restriction, in some instances, which seemed calculated merely as badges of our subjection, and had been contented so long with barely refusing to purchase commodities which they had taxed for the purpose of raising a revenue in America, that our patience and moderation served but to encourage them to proceed to greater lengths. To greater lengths they have proceeded, as far as the proudest tyrant's lust of despotism, stimulated by cruelty, a rancorous malice, and an infernal spirit of revenge, could hurry them. How funk is Britain! Could not Britons venture to wage war with America till they were told that Americans were cowards, till they had disarmed them, or had, as they thought, put it out of their power to procure arms, nor even then without the assistance of Roman Catholicks and Indians, and endeavouring to raise amongst us a domestic enemy? Was this like a brave and generous nation! If they were lost to all the feelings of Britons, for men contending for the support of the British constitution, if they were determined to conquer America, why did they not attempt it like Britons? Why meanly run about to the different powers of Europe, entreating them not to assist us? Why make use of every base and inhuman stratagem, and wage a savage war unknown amongst civilized nations? Surely whoever has heard of Carleton's, Connolly's, and Dunmore's plots against us, cannot but allow that they must have been authorised by a higher power; and whoever believes this cannot but wish to be instantly and for ever removed from under such a power, and to be guarded most effectually against it. Most freely would I cut the Gordian knot which has hitherto so truly bound us to Britain, and call on France and Spain for assistance against an enemy who seem bent on our destruction; but who blessed be the God of Hosts, have been baffled in most of their attempts against us, been chagrined in all, and have made many attacks upon us without being able to kill a single man.
AN AMERICAN.
ADVERTISEMENTS.
THE sloop Christina burthen about 3500 bushels, will sail for the West Indies, in three weeks, from Hampton. Passengers will apply on board said vessel, or to
ARCHIBALD & JAMES GOVAN.
To be SOLD before Robert Nicolson's store, on Tuesday the 10th instant,
A GREAT variety of cabinet-makers tools, mahogany, walnut, and pine plank, likewise new walnut book-cases, desks, tables, &c. belonging to the estate of Mr. Peter Scott, deceased. Six months credit will be allowed for all sums above 5l. the purchasers giving bond with good security.
All persons indebted to the said estate, by bond or open account, are requested to pay off as soon as possible; and those to whom the estate are indebted are desired to call and receive payment, from
ALEXANDER CRAIG, } executors. ROBERT NICOLSON, }
THE ship Rockingham , Richard Hopper master, now lying in Nansemond river, will sail for Glasgow the first week in February. The ship goes in ballast, and will be exceedingly well fitted for passengers. For passage, apply to the master on board said ship; to Gibson, Donaldson, and Hamilton, at Suffolk; or to mess. Dixon and Hunter, in Williamsburg.
N. B. The ship Rockingham is a new vessel, and well found.
To be HIRED, A NEGRO CARPENTER, who has served a regular apprenticeship to a good workman. B. WELDON.