The Patowmac guardian, and Berkeley advertiser (Shepherdstown, Va. [W. Va.]), 1791-10-24 00:00:00

The POTOMAC GUARDIAN, and BERKELEY ADVERTISER.
PRICE TWO DOLLARS PER ANN.]
MONDAY, OCTOBER 24, 1791.
[NUMBER 50 OF VOL. I.]
WHERE LIBERTY DWELLS, THERE IS MY COUNTRY.
Franklin.
To be SOLD, or LET, and entered upon immediately,
A Merchant-Mill,
Known by the name of Hill's Gibbs's Mill , situate eight miles from Winchester , near the road leading to Shepherd's Town . For terms, apply to Mr. James Gibbs , at the Clerk's office, Winchester , to Mrs. Gibbs , on the premises, or to
ALEXANDER WHITE.
Woodville, October 1, 1791.
On Monday the 19th of December next, Will be sold at PUBLIC AUCTION, At the Plantation of Joseph Davis , near Sharpsburg , Washington County Maryland, a quantity of good
Indian Corn, Wheat,
Rye, Tobacco in the house, Hay, Straw, Corn Fodder, some live Stock, Plantation Utensils, Household and Kitchen Furniture, and a variety of other articles too tedious to mention.
The sale will begin at ten o'clock—the terms of which will be made known on the day of sale.
JOSEPH DAVIS.
Gerrard's-Town RACES.
THE Races at Gerrard's Town , will commence on Tuesday the 25th instant, on which day there will be run for, over the course in that town, a Purse of Fifteen Pounds, Pennsylvania currency, free for any horse, mare, or gelding; entrance money, and weight for age and size, &c. to be regulated according to the rules of racing.—Heats four miles.
On Wednesday, the day following, will be run for over the same course, a Purse of Ten Pounds, Pennsylvania currency, free for any horse, mare, or gelding, the winning horse the first day, only excepted; paying entrance, and carrying weight as above.—
And on Thursday following, will be likewise run for over the same course, a handsome Sweep Stakes, free also as above, the winning horses the two preceding days excepted.
JOSEPH LEMEN, Manager.
Gerrards-Town, October 11, 1791.
TO BE RENTED, A VERY GOOD HOUSE,
With a good Cellar under it, fit for a Store, it being the best place for that business to be found in the neighbourhood. It is ten miles from Winchester , on the great road leading from that place to Alexandria . Any person renting said House, may be furnished with other conveniences, such as boarding for a clerk, a lumber house, &c.
THOMAS GRAHAM.
October 16, 1791.
This Day published, and for sale, by the Printer hereof, [Price EIGHT PENCE.]
A LETTER, From Mrs. R—— to Miss S—— A, In ANSWER to her observations on SAINT ROZO VILLOZO, A resident near SHARPSBURG, in MARYLAND.
WANTED, 2 or 3 Apprentices
To the Tanning and Currying business. Application to be made at the Printing-Office.
ALL persons indebted to the estate of Mr. Andrew Coldwell , jun. deceased, are requested to make payment; and those who have any demands against the same, are likewise requested to bring them in, as an immediate settlement of the above estate is intended.
CHARLES McDONALD, Executor.
October 15, 1791.
A few Tickets in Mr. T. WHITE'S Lottery, are for sale at the Printing-Office.
Just published at BALTIMORE, By W. GODDARD & J. ANGELL,
And to be SOLD by WHOLESALE and RETAIL, With large allowance to those who purchase quantities,
THE PENNSYLVANIA, DELAWARE, MARYLAND, AND VIRGINIA
ALMANACK,
FOR THE YEAR 1792:
A COMPLETE and ACCURATE EPHEMERIS, calculated by the ingenious Mr. BENJAMIN BANNEKER, a free black Man, (a Native of this Country, born of African Parents) whose Calculations, now offered the Public, have met the Approbation of several of the most distinguished Astronomers in America.
[The Contents will be speedily published.]
The above Work contains interesting Particulars of the virtuous Life and laudable Pursuits of BENJAMIN, and his Progress to ASTRONOMIC FAME.
** Orders from our country and distant customers, will be duly attended to.
Baltimore, Sept. 30, 1791.
Wants employ, in a Merchant-Mill, A Young Man who has been regularly bred to the Milling-Business, and who would wish to engage with some person who carries on the business extensively, and will give suitable wages, as a compensation for which, he will stand the inspection of the flour which may pass through his hands. Satisfactory recommendation will be given, if required. Inquire of the Printer.
George-Town, September 9 1791.
The Sale of LOTS in the FEDERAL CITY, will commence on Monday the 17th day of October next.
THE Commissioners finding they may engage materials and workmen for the Public Buildings, to any desirable extent—with a view to draw the fund into action, so as to facilitate the work, instead of a deposit of eight per cent, will require one-fourth part of the purchase-money to be paid down, the residue to be on bond, with security, payable with interest in three equal yearly payments.—The manner of improvement will be published at the sale.
THOMAS JOHNSON, DAVID STUART, DANIEL CAROLL, } Commissioners.
FOR SALE, By the Printer hereof, Blank Deeds of Bargain and Sale, Lawyers Declarations of every Kind, Common Bonds, Blank Notes, &c.
Letter from the Officers in M. de Bouille's army to their Comrades in France.
“YE French!—relatives and friends! of all ranks, of either sex, and of all ages!—know ye, we have been employed in following the measures adapted by our General, and in using our endeavours to give efficacy to the efforts made by the Marquis de Bouille to save the Royal Family, and to break the fetters of the best and most unfortunate of Kings!
“The insults, to which we have been obliged to submit, are not to be described; yet we had the courage to bear them all with patience: because we flattered ourselves with the pleasing hopes that we should, at some time or other, reap the fruits of our moderation and prudence.
“One single word, one rash step, might have ruined all our schemes, and frustrated all our attempts to set our King at Liberty, and to restore him to his exalted state in the midst of those his subjects, whose loyalty remains unshaken.
“Nothing has been able to cool our zeal: our attachment to the King has remained firm amidst insults, outrages, and persecutions of all kinds.
“The moment—so long wished for, and which has been prudently provided for—has arrived; but unfortunately it has been productive of fatal consequences to the French nation, or rather to all true
Frenchmen. Our projects are all frustrated: our hopes are vanished into air; our souls are full of bitterness and anguish; and we should be, at this moment, a prey to despair, were we not convinced that our military brethren, and all other true Frenchmen now in France, who have been prevented from treading in the steps of the Marquis de Bouille, will adopt our profession of fidelity, which we now transmit to all the corps, still remaining, but almost at the last gasp, of one of the most gallant armies in the universe.
“The outrageous, insulting, and barbarous manner in which the French nation—became ferocious—watched every step of the most unfortunate of Princes, the departure of the King—his subsequent arrestation at Varennes—his forced return to the Capital,—all these circumstances prove to all the world, the crimes of a faction, and the captivity of our master.
“We, therefore, consider every thing, which the soi disant National Assembly have done as null and void.
“We declare that we shall never submit to any other government than that of a monarchy.
“We demand a free King!—We demand our King.
“It is the duty of the French Nobility, formerly famed for loyalty, it is the duty of every French soldier, to fly to the relief of his King, to tear him away from his prison, to sacrifice our lives and fortunes for this unfortunate Monarch, to pursue, to our last moments, the monsters who have wrested the scepter from his grasp, and have placed it in hands blasted with crimes, those monsters who have dared to insult the tenderest of mothers, a mother, in whose veins flow the noblest blood in the universe!
“We are resolved to live, and to die, professing the religion of our ancestors.
“We therefore swear, and our oath will be applauded by the whole world, that we will transmit, to our children—to our neighbours—to our friends—the most implacable hatred against all factious persons, who live on rapine and murder.
“All those, who still remain loyal to their King, and to the French Monarchy—all those who are the friends of mankind—must rid the world of those monsters who infest the best Kingdom upon earth, who insult the best of Kings, and who blindly lead to every excess and outrage, a nation formerly distinguished for generous sentiments and the noblest actions.
“Ye French officers; hear the oath we are going to take, and repeat it at the same time with us!
“WE SWEAR, upon our honour, (the only thing which remains to us) that we will die for the deliverance of our King—that we shall educate our children in the principles—that we will pursue, so long as we live, the factious leaders who have insulted our King, or who shall dare to touch the persons of their Majesties:—and we shall consider every military person as infamous who shall refuse to take the oath.
“Neither fire nor sword, neither flames nor poison, nor the massacre of our relatives, of our wives, or of our children;—nothing, in one word, shall make us forget the first oath which we have taken in favour of our King.
“This is the only legitimate oath which we can take, and for its inviolable preservation we are ready to die.
“All ye inhabitants of the earth! and all ye French people of either sex, and of all ages! ye will applaud our courage. You will say to your children—“misfortunes were their portion; but, though they fell victims to factious fury, they preserved the honor.”
“Such is the profession of loyalty made by all officers who remain faithful to their King; and this profession it is the duty of all true Frenchmen to make.
“Signed by the General officers and Aids-de-Camp of the army of M. de Bouille.
“The officers of the following regiments join their signatures with ours.
“Royal Allemand, Royal Champagne, Chasseurs de Champagne, Chasseurs de Neutrie, de Royal Burgoyne, de Conde, Infantry, de Lauzin, Hussars, de Schomberg, Dragoons, de Nassau, Chasseurs de Cevennes, corps Royal of Engineers, de Monsieur dragoons, de Royal dragoons, des gardes du Corps, du Roi, des Gardes de Monseigneur, le Compte d'Artois, &c. &c.
“N. B. Instead of each individual's signature it was thought sufficient to name the regiments to which the officers now with us belong.
“They have requested me to make their sentiments known, and to authenticate them with my signature, that all Europe may be acquainted with them.
(Signed)
DEJOTEUX.
Adjutant-General to the Marquis de Bouille. Approved—LE MARQUIS DE BOUILLE.
“Luxemburg, June 27, 1791.

Foreign Advices.
V I E N N A, August 3.
IT is rumoured in the political circles of the city, that the Emperor has received a letter from the King of Sweden, written with his own hand.
It is not to be supposed that the contents of such a letter would be divulged: Bold conjectures are nevertheless made, and those who pretend to be in the secret, assert, that his Swedish Majesty has offered, "That if Leopold will put himself in person at the head of his army, to reduce the National Assembly of Paris to reason, he will with pleasure command under the Emperor. Or should his Imperial Majesty be not himself inclined to undertake the task, his Swedish Majesty offers alone to take the command."
It appears however very probable that something not very dissimilar to the above has been concerted between the sovereigns, preparatory to the employment of their respective forces, as missionaries who are to preach anti-revolutional principles to the French nation.
Prince Cobourg arrived here from Prague the day before yesterday. It is conjectured, that his arrival has some relation to the supposed designs of our court against France.
M A D R I D, August 3.
Never was the Inquisition, civil and religious, carried to such a length as at this moment. The Code of Charles III. was a chef de œuvre of gentleness in comparison of the present laws. Not only the foreign artists are condemned to make profession of the Catholic Faith; and to renounce all connexion with their native country, under the pain of confiscation, the galleys, or imprisonment, but even merchants are involved in the same doom. This barbarity occasions a great deal of emigration. To gain admission into Spain, it is necessary to have the King's order, and strangers are watched on the frontiers, until an order comes from Court. If their dress is after the fashion of France, they are sure to be rejected; for they think those who follow their fashion love their opinions.
L O N D O N, August 24.
Revolution in Switzerland.
By advices last night from Yverdund, Pays du Vaud, in the Canton of Berne, intelligence reached this country of the spirit of Revolution having reached that former peaceful spot—Members from the Jacobin Club at Paris first disseminated this doctrine of change. Those who have taken a part in this are not distinguished by a cockade, but have a particular button with this inscription on it—"Live free or die!"
The 14th of July last was the day fixed on for the commencement of revolt. The town of Rolle particularly distinguished itself in resisting the authority that was employed against it; and so general has the disorder grown, and so wide has it spread, that it is supposed 10,000 men would now be necessary to quell the tumult.
The Democrats of France have been moving Heaven and Earth to effect this design.
UNITED STATES. CONNECTICUT.
H A R T F O R D, October 3.
The woollen manufacture in Hartford, after struggling with every obstacle, begins to flourish, and bids fair to be advantageous to the proprietors as well as to the public. The quality of the cloths, more especially the coarser, is acknowledged on all hands to be superior to that of the English of the same fineness.* It is an undeniable fact, that the coatings made here, are more durable than the English. The great objection formerly made to the colouring and finishing the cloths is now removed—it being agreed by the best judges that the difference between the best finished English cloths and those of this manufacture are hardly perceivable. And the writer of this paragraph, a few days ago, saw a taylor mistake cloth from the Hartford manufactory for English. This being a fact, the reputation of American cloths will rise and facilitate the sale, especially as they can be afforded as low as European cloths of the same fineness.
As this manufacture consumes large quantities of wool, it is recommended to our farmers to attend to the raising of sheep, and also to the improving of the breed. Wool will always be in demand, and command cash.
The bell foundry, by Mr. Doolittle, also deserves notice. The bells cast at this foundry are equal in quality to any imported; and the whole continent may be furnished at this single foundry.
* However singular this may be thought, it is undoubtedly a fact, as it is well known to those who have either examined their respective textures and materials, or have experienced the durability of each.
NORTH-CAROLINA.
N E W B E R N, October 1.
This town was, on Wednesday last visited by an
unhappy conflagration, which has destroyed its most flourishing part. The fire broke out at noon, in the house of Philip Roche, a tavernkeeper, on the county-wharf. The loft of that house been filled with fodder, the flames suddenly made their appearance through its roof, and almost instantly reached the contiguous house—the wind blew from the north-east. The stores of Messrs. Kennedy, Gerock, and Lawrence, were almost at once in a blaze, and had they been blown up, all further damage would have been prevented.
The fire soon reached across Craven and Front streets to the old coffee-house, Mr. Donnel's and Mr. Thomlinson's stores. Nine houses on the east side of Craven street, were reduced to ashes. The north-west corner of Craven and Front streets, commonly called Ogden's corner, was next attacked, and every house in both directions was burnt down, as far as the corner of Middle street on one side and Mess. Manning and Byrne's store on the other were destroyed. The two last buildings were blown up.
Sixty-three houses were destroyed, as well as an immense quantity of goods. The loss sustained on this occasion amounts to upwards of one hundred thousand pounds.
Philip Roche and his wife were last evening committed to jail; many respectable inhabitants having evinced their apprehensions that these people (whose house it is supposed was intentionally set on fire) would again attempt to burn the town.
Mr. Martin.
In your paper of the 20th of August, I observed a very erroneous representation of the tragical affair between Col. George Mitchell and Major Robert W. Snead. It has, no doubt been misrepresented to you by some designing person, for the purpose of injuring the reputation of Major Snead, who appears by your paper, privately and intendedly to have murdered Col. Mitchell. Nothing is further from the truth. And as I was one of the jury of inquest that was summoned early next morning after that unhappy event, and being no partizan, and altogether divested of prejudice and partiality, I think it necessary, in order to do to that injured gentleman the justice he merits, to relate to you a circumstantial account of it, as it appeared to the jury, where a great number of witnesses gave evidence on oath, but none of which appeared against Major Snead, but on the contrary, every circumstance appeared so much in his favour, that several of Col. Mitchell's best and, most intimate friends declared it as their opinion that Major Snead was by no means blamable, and that they must themselves in his case have acted as he did.
It appeared that Col. Mitchell and Major Snead were the candidates for representing the county of Onslow in the senate, and that after the close of the poll, on Major Snead's being declared duly elected, Col. Mitchell appeared very much irritated with him, and had at times often expressed himself, that the one or the other should soon go out of the world, and had determined to fight a duel with him that night. His friends to whom he had communicated his intention, endeavoured to dissuade him from so rash a step, and if possible to get him away to go home—that shortly after, Col. Mitchell came into company where Major Snead was, who appeared (as he did during the whole time of the election) to be at peace, cheerful and in good will with every one. Some of the company addressed themselves to Col. Mitchell and Major Snead, and requested them to be good friends in future, and to forget all former ill-wills and animosities with each other. Major Snead declared he was very willing to do so on his part; that he did not bear Col. Mitchell the least ill will, but wished to be on good terms with him, and every one else.—Col. Mitchell replied he would be damned if he made up with him, and asked Major Snead to walk with him, which he did—that in a very little time, Major Snead returned to the company, and Col. Mitchell went to the house of a Mr. Farr, about an hundred yards distance, as afterwards appeared to borrow a pair of pistols of a Capt. John Cooke—that he soon returned the pistols, but hid from the company as well as from Major Snead. Col. Mitchell then took hold of Major Snead by the arm, and asked him to walk with him (it then being about half after 8 o'clock at night, the moon being three or four hours high) they walked about thirty or forty steps from the company, but still in the court-yard, in an open place and not near any thickets, as is mentioned in your paper—that Col. Mitchell then produced a pair of pistols and offered one of them to Major Snead, at the same time declaring that he intended one of them should die that night. Major Snead told him, that if he was determined on that, they had better each of them provide a friend to see fair play between them. Col. Mitchell replied, "No, take it this instant or I will put you to death." Major Snead accordingly took it, and stepped back four or five steps, while Col. Mitchell did the same. Col. Mitchell called on Major Snead to fire, and repeated it with, "Fire, God damn you, fire," and continued advancing up, with his pistol presented—that Major Snead for his own safety was obliged to fire, which he did, and Col. Mitchell nearly at the same time flashed his pistol, and advanced up to M. Snead, and struck him with it on his head several strokes, and M. Snead defended himself with his by clubbing it, and returning the blows in the same manner on the head of his antagonist, when they enclosed, and Col. Mitchell fell; at that instant several of the company ran up. On examining the combatants it appeared that a pistol ball had passed at the lower part of Col. Mitchell's throat, grazing the upper part of his breast bone, through his throat and windpipe and out between his shoulders, and a small scar on the head, the skin
only being broken. M. Snead's head was wounded apparently from the blows he received from Col. Mitchell's pistol; his hair and face being all covered with blood.
The testimony that was given to the jury was by C. Mitchell's friends, as not one of M. Snead's friends had the least knowledge or expectation of anything of the kind between them till it was decided. But it seems that several of Colonel Mitchell's friends knew of his intention, particularly of the circumstance of his borrowing the pistols. Kilby Jones, Esq; the brother of Col. Mitchell, knew more of that unhappy affair than any person whatever, and it must be acknowledged, greatly to the honor of that gentleman, that he gave his testimony in the most candid and impartial manner. His testimony was the most in favour of M. Snead, as he had got to the ground where the duel was fought timely to see that he was not blameable for what had happened, and which with the circumstances as before related, he declared to the Jury.
Your giving this a place in your paper will oblige a friend to Truth.
Onslow County, Sept. 1st, 1791.
PENNSYLVANIA.
P H I L A D E L P H I A, October 13.
Copy of a letter from M. CONDORCET (ci devant Marquis) Secretary to the Academy of Sciences at Paris, to Doctor PRIESTLY.
Paris, July 30, 1791.
Sir, and most illustrious Associate,
THE academy of sciences have charged me to express the grief with which they are penetrated at the recital of the persecution of which you have been lately the victim.
They all feel how much loss the sciences have experienced by the destruction of those labours which you have prepared for their aggrandizement.
It is not you, sir, who have reason to complain; your virtue and your genius still remain undiminished, and it is not in the power of human ingratitude to forget what you have done for the happiness of mankind; they only ought to be unhappy, whose guilty conduct has led their reason astray, and whose remorse has already published their crimes.
You are not the first friend of liberty against whom tyrants have armed the very people whom they have deprived of their rights. These are the only means which they can make use of against him whose disinterestedness of mind, whose elevation of soul, and whose purity of conduct equally shelter him from their seductions and their vengeance.
They calumniate such a person when they can neither intimidate nor corrupt him; they arm prejudices against him, when they dare not arm the laws; and that which they have done in regard to you, is the noblest homage that tyranny dares to render to probity, to talents, and to courage.
At this present moment a league is formed throughout Europe, against the general liberty of mankind; but for some time past another has existed, occupied with propagating and with defending this liberty, without any other arms than those furnished by reason; and these will finally triumph!
It is in the necessary order of things, that error should be momentary and truth eternal.—Men of genius, supported by their virtuous disciples, when placed in the balance against the vulgar mob of corrupt intrigues—the instruments or accomplices of tyrants—must at length prevail against them.
The glorious day of universal liberty will shine upon our descendants, but we at least shall enjoy the Aurora ; and you, sir, have contributed not a little to accelerate that happy event by your labours, by the example of your virtues, by the indignation which all Europe feels against your persecutions, and by the interest and the admiration which a misfortune has excited, that although it may wound, cannot subdue your soul.
I am, with an inviolable and respectful attachment, sir, and my very illustrious associate your humble and most obedient servant,
CONDORCET.
Party is the engine by which the worst characters often work themselves into popular favour.
There is no government however perfect, which is not alloyed by a party spirit. The devil once raised a party in Heaven.
The maxim of party is, that the end justifies the means —hence a sacrifice of honour and honesty are the almost universal result of bandying with a party.
There are characters in the world who possess so much probity, dignity and independence of mind, that they never could be brought to join the cabals of a party; such are often rendered unpopular through party intrigue, but in the hour of extremity, their virtue proves a rock on which the confidence of their country reposes with safety.
It is almost impossible that a party man should be dispassionate, disinterested or sincere.
The collision of parties is destructive of the public happiness—for while the people are warmly engaged in supporting the contest, the principals who often keep out of sight, are praying on their interest.
Such is the imperfection of human wisdom, that the best administration that ever existed in any country could never guard itself from the shafts of an envious party spirit—there is something in our natures which leads us to balance a foible against the whole circle of human virtues.
"In times of general agitation, Some rise like scum in fermentation: Who push and kick the whole world up, Side down, to get themselves a-top: And when they've gained their favourite point,

For want of strength can't move a joint.
As useless as a leaky cask, Or like a furnace out of blast; Who shortly must be laid aside, Like horse, unfit to draw or ride."
There is a species of pride among mankind which remarkably distinguishes some characters—they cannot boast of the bounty of nature either in respect to their persons, or parts, and yet they seem to be inflated with a stronger blast of vanity than even those who value themselves on their ancestors, their literary advantages, or an affluent patrimony.—An ignorant purse-proud upstart, who has suddenly acquired property is probably intended by Butler in the following lines—
"The truest characters of ignorance Are vanity and pride, and arrogance: As blind men use to bear their noses higher Than those that have their eyes and sight entire."
It has been doubted whether any human mind is totally free from the passion of envy—the love of flattery is unquestionably as general; of all the modes of attacking the understanding, this has always been found the most successful—the draught when artfully prepared finds a ready admittance—so true is the satire contained in the following quotation—
"An ass will with his long ears fray The flies that tickle him away; But man delights to have his ears Blown maggots in by flatterers."
Yesterday arrived here the ship Grange, Capt. Manlove, from Liverpool. The Grange left Liverpool the 2d. of September, and has brought English papers to the beginning of that month, by which we learn, that the people were still peaceable with regard to the Birmingham business—that there were no apprehensions of a counter-revolution in France—that England has no intentions of joining Spain against the proceedings of the National Assembly—that for many years there has not been so plentiful a harvest as the present in England—and by the London Gazettes we are assured that the ports of Great-Britain are shut against the importation of foreign Wheat and Flour.
V I R G I N I A.
P E T E R S B U R G, Oct. 13.
When the Sun of reason, beaming forth from the writings of such men as Price, Priestley, Paine, &c. shall have once thoroughly dispelled the mist, through which mankind were hitherto accustomed to view Kings and Nobles—the Burks and the Publicolas of the present, or of any future day, will have a hard task indeed, to make their fellow-citizens relinquish a set of plain, obvious truths, to adopt, in their stead, a chaos of unintelligible and monstrous doctrines, on which, even at present all efforts of sophistical argument, and bombastic declamation, are unable to stamp any tolerable degree of plausibility.
Hitherto, Mr. Burke pathetically deplored the wretched and degraded state of the King and Queen of France: Since their flight and capture, their misfortunes are the theme of every ministerial printer in England, whose papers we have seen in America. The disappointment and mortification one man and his wife so sensibly affect these tender-hearted gentlemen, as to make them shed tears by the gallon; whereas they cannot ease a single misery, under which twenty-five millions of Frenchmen groaned, during the existence of despotism!—May we not compare the preposterous sensibility of such courtly sycophants, to the sensibility of the man, who wept for the loss of a monkey, but felt no remorse at plunging a dagger into the bosom of his own mother?
In the National Assembly of France on the 17th of July last, a member proposed that, in taking the enumeration of the inhabitants of that kingdom, those who lived on their income should be distinguished by the name of The Useless .
About 5 o'clock yesterday morning, this town was alarmed by the cry of fire—an element we are as little prepared to contend with as any town in Virginia. The fire was discovered to be the workshop of Messrs. Brown, and Co. Coach-makers, in Old Street. The citizens made every exertion to put a stop to the rage of the flames, which was happily effected in about two hours, with the loss of all the houses but one on the lot of Brown, & Co. together with several carriages, all their working utensils, and almost every thing they were possessed of, and two or three small houses adjacent. Fortunately the wind was remarkably calm, otherwise the whole of that part of the town would probably have been reduced to ashes. The want of the necessary implements to put a stop to that devouring element, was severely felt by every citizen on this occasion, and it is hoped will stimulate them to be provided against so dreadful a calamity in future.
SHEPHERD'S-TOWN, October 24.
Late advices from the Western state, That the grand army under General St. Clair, after having marched 25 miles, halted and erected a fort, without any opposition—That it was the intention of the General to continue the chain of forts at 25 miles distance, until his arrival at the Maumee towns, provided the ground would admit of them—That at their arrival there, a garrison of 1200 men was to be established—That the army had been
joined by 1100 Kentucky militia, which made a body of upwards 8000 strong:—And that the Court-Martial held on General Harmar, had acquitted him with honor.
Wednesday last the Honorable ALEXANDER WHITE, Esquire, passed through this town, on his way to Congress—which august body assemble this day in the city of Philadelphia.
Among the new improvements in agriculture, the letting of rams is daily gaining ground with our farmers and country gentlemen, and according to some writers, it is well worth the attention.—Mr. Bakewell, in 1789, let three rams, brothers, at 1200 guineas, and several rams for 2000 guineas. In all the district the letting of rams is computed to bring in 10,000 guineas annually. [ Lon. Paper. ]
The National Assembly of France have lately passed a decree, which exempts the instruments of husbandry, and cattle employed in the cultivation of the earth, from being seized or sold for debt, except by the person who may have furnished them, or to satisfy the landlord's demand against his tenant: and they are always to be the last article seized, in case the other movable property proves insufficient.
The Spaniards of St. Domingo, so far from giving assistance to their distressed neighbours, seem to cut off all communication between their own settlements and those of the French. "You ask assistance (say they) in the name of your King; and you have deposed him; in the name of our holy religion; and you have long been void of all religion! "
An authenticated list has been published, containing the names of no less than eighty-nine persons, proposed as candidates for the office of Governor to the Dauphin.
Martinsburg, October 13, 1791.
AT a public sale, at the house of John Plotner, near Sowder's-Ferry, on Potomack-River, about 14 miles from this town, a great number of the neighbouring people being assembled, and plenty of spirituous liquors circulating round as is too common on such occasions, a certain John Herd, being intoxicated, fixed a quarrel on a certain Andrew Bowman—treating him with provoking and abusive language—challenging him to fight—threatening to beat him, &c.—Bowman, conscious of his superior strength, being sober, desired him to alter his behaviour—that he could, but would not, punish him, and that he was not worth his notice.—Herd then seized him by the collar—attempted, or did strike him—Bowman pushed Herd from him, and, seemingly, not in a passion, gave him some light strokes in order to force him to desist from the quarrel.—Friends on both sides interposed, and Herd was carried off to a spring, where he laid himself down on the grass, and there continued about two hours and a half.—Some of the neighbours endeavoured to persuade him to go to the house, but he refused—however, they forced him, and laid him down on some cloths provided for him.—After lying there some time, he died, to the surprize of all present.
Information of Herd's death being made to James Wilson, gentleman, one of the Coroners of this County, he issued his warrant to summons a jury of inquest, to inquire by what means the said Herd came by his death.—Twenty-four respectable freeholders appeared, and were impanelled—the said jury, after viewing the dead body, proceeded to examine twenty-three persons who were summoned as witnesses, and were present at the beginning and end of the quarrel (the substance of their different evidences is above related) were of the opinion, that as there appeared no marks of violence on his body, that he came by his death by accident and chance-medley.
MR. WILLIS,
IT is with surprize I find an unjust reflection on the conduct of Store-Keepers in this County, in one of your late publications, on account of their selling spirits by the pint—even for their administering a smaller quantity of cordials to their customers—and it is still more astonishing, that they should be reflected on for allowing them the salutary element of water.—So long as Store-Keepers are influenced by gratitude to their customers who they esteem as their best friends, their conduct in this manner will be invariably continued, notwithstanding the remonstrances and threats of your correspondent—and for these cogent reasons, as soon as the Farmer or Planter comes to town in the sultry heats of summer, would it not be very necessary, nay, would it not be highly necessary to accommodate him with a needful refreshment—such often are not provided with the requisites to enter a Tavern and pay the exorbitant price that such a refreshment would cost.—If a salutary relief of the same kind be found useful in the summer, it is evident that it is much more so in the winter. I cannot help to observe, nay, I wonder that any person would hold forth such ideas as has been represented in your paper—strange! that a Store-Keeper should not give a glass to a friend. Any man possessed of sense and would wish to abide by or govern himself by morality, would at all times chuse to retire into a convenient and retired place, than to be disturbed by a promiscuous company, such as frequent Taverns, these being often composed of an inferior class, whose vociferations are extremely disagreeable. I wonder that any person would prevent them from bestowing their property to whom they please, when it is well known that notwithstanding all these favours, they generally support a tolerable rank in life. Your publishing these observations, if worth your insertion in your valuable paper, will be esteemed a favor done to a constant reader.
X.
20 Dollars reward.
STOLEN out of the Subscriber's stable at Winchester, on the night of the 15th instant, a dark chestnut-forel Horse, the property of William Skinner, of Martinsburg—this horse was three years old last spring, about 14 hands high, no brand perceivable, or any white about him, was new shod all round, had a large bulky tale, trots and canters well, and lofty carriage. Whoever apprehends the thief so that he be brought to justice, and secure the horse so that I get him again, shall have TWENTY DOLLARS Reward, or TEN DOLLARS for securing the Horse only, and reasonable charges.
GEORGE HARDASTY.
October 18, 1791.
The Subscriber, having determined to relinquish the business of keeping a PUBLIC House, returns his most sincere thanks to his friends who have favoured him with their custom in that line.—In order to accommodate those who with still to frequent his house, he now informs them, that he has opened for their reception,
A PRIVATE BOARDING HOUSE, Where such as are desirous to be entertained, retired from the noise and bustle which they are unavoidably exposed to in a Tavern, may be assured of finding every preparation for their ease, comfort and enjoyment.
ALEXANDER ROGERS.
Martinsburg, October 22, 1791.
TO BE SOLD,
Two Water LOTS,
Situated in James-Town, alias Buckles-Town, between 7 and 8 miles from Martinsburg; they contain about two acres, whereon is a new square Log-House, nearly finished, with a small Tan-Yard;—in this neighbourhood hides are plenty, and bark very convenient. Any person wishing to purchase, may know the terms by applying to the Printer in Shepherd's-Town, or to the Subscriber on the premises.
PHILIP KING.
October 18, 1791.
STRAYED from the Subscriber, some time the middle of last month, a red COW, considerably old, has her left ear clip'd, and was heavy with calf when she went away. Any person who will give me information where the said Cow is, so that I get her again, shall have TEN SHILLINGS reward, or ELEVEN SHILLINGS and THREE PENCE for the Cow and Calf.
GEORGE FRANK.
Martinsburg, October 18, 1791.
15 Dollars Reward.
RAN AWAY from the subscriber on the night of the 16th inst. an indentured Apprentice Boy by the name of THOMAS JACKSON, nineteen years of age, 5 feet 8 or 9 inches high, dark complexion, black hair, has a down look, had on when he went away, a light coloured home-made coat and waistcoat, with metal buttons, had a pair of old fustian breeches, striped overalls, a pair of old shoes, with a half worn hat;—he took with him two pair of tow trowlers, two home-made linen shirts, and a pair of grey worsted stockings. Whoever apprehends said Boy, and will confine him in any goal, so that I get him again, or return him to me, living within three miles of Martinsburg, Berkeley County, Virginia, shall have the above reward, and necessary charges.
October 18, 1791.
ROBERT CREIGHTON.
To be sold, by the Subscriber, 140 Acres of Land
IN BERKELEY COUNTY, Within 4 miles of Shepherd's-Town, about 60 acres of which are now under improvement; on which is a new square LOG-HOUSE, and the fence in good repair.
All persons indebted to the Estate of ROBERT BUCKLES, senior, deceased, are requested to make payment; and those who have any demands against the same, are likewise requested to bring them in, as an immediate settlement of the above estate is intended.
WILLIAM BUCKLES, Executor.
WANTED IMMEDIATELY.
Three Apprentices
To the TANNING BUSINESS.
Inquire of the Printer.
The Baltimore Post, with the Northern Mail, had not arrived at the publication of this Paper.

SEAT OF THE MUSES.
THE FALL OF THE LEAF.
SEE the leaves around us falling, Dry and wither'd to the ground, Thus to thoughtless mortals calling In a sad and solemn sound.
Sons of Adam once in Eden, When like us he blighted fell, Hear the lecture we are reading, 'Tis, alas! the truth we tell.
Virgins much, too much presuming On your boasted white and red, View us late in beauty blooming, Number'd now among the dead,
Griping misers, nightly waking, See the end of all your care, Fled on wings of our own making, We have left our owners bare.
Sons of honour, fed on praises, Flatt'ring high in fancy'd worth, Lo the fickle air that raises, Brings us down to parent earth.
Learned Sophs in systems jaded, Who for new ones daily call; Cease at length, by us persuaded, Every leaf must have a fall.
Youths, tho' yet no losses grieve you, Gay in health, and manly grace, Let not coldless skies deceive you, Summer gives to autumn place.
Venerable sires, grown hoary, Hither turn th' unwilling eye, Think amidst your falling glory, Autumn tells a winter nigh.
Yearly in our course returning, Messengers of shortest stay, Thus we preach the truth concerning, Heaven and earth will pass away.
On the tree of life eternal, Man, let all thy hopes be stay'd, Which alone, for ever vernal, Bears tho' leaves that never fade.
ABOUT half a century ago, when it was more the fashion to drink ale at Oxford than it is at present, a humorous fellow of punning memory, established an ale-house near the Pound, and wrote over the door, "Ale sold by the Pound." As his ale was as good as his jokes, the Oxonians resorted to his house in great numbers, and sometimes staid there beyond the College hours. This was made a matter of complaint to the Vice Chancellor, who was desired to take away his licence by one of the proctors of the university. Boniface was summoned to attend; and when he came into the Vice-Chancellor's presence, he began hawking, spitting about the room; this the Chancellor observed, and asked what he meant by it? Please your worship. I came here on purpose to clear myself. The Vice-Chancellor imagining that he actually weighed his ale and sold it in that manner; he therefore said to him,—they tell me that you sell ale by the pound, is that true? No, replied the wit. How do you do then? replied the Chancellor.—Very well, I thank you Sir, (replied he) how do you do? The Chancellor laughed, and said, get away for a rascal, I'll say no more to you. The fellow departed, and passing the Quadrangle, met the proctor who laid the information. Sir, said he, the Vice-Chancellor wants to speak with you, and returned with him. Here Sir, said he, here he is.—Who? said the Chancellor. Why Sir, said he, you sent me for a rascal, and I've brought you the greatest that I knew of.
An Hyberian pedagogue in the neighbourhood of Dublin, has stuck up a board over his door, with "SUNDAY schools taught here EVERY DAY in the WEEK, by me, PATRICK BURN."
The strange misapplication of names to professions is sometimes highly whimsical: In a late London Paper, "Mr. Heavyheels respectfully informs the Nobility, that he teaches the polite art of Dancing." And in the last Sheffield register, an Uther is wanted by Mr. Woodhead, Schoolmaster!—nor are the words of addresses at times less curious: A man-midwife lately informed his friends "that he felt himself pregnant with gratitude." A gardener in the Morning Chronicle, tells his customers, "that the blossoms of thankfulness were budding round his heart!" A stay-maker "begs leave to acquaint the Ladies that he cannot SIT STILL." And in a neighbouring provincial print, a linen draper is highly "INCENSED with the many favors conferred on him."
Robinson, Sanderson and Co.
HAVE JUST RECEIVED PER THE NANCY, FROM WHITEHAVEN, A further supply of FALL GOODS, Which, with their former importation by the LANCASTER, makes their assortment very complete. Alexandria, September 28, 1791.
A GRAMMAR SCHOOL, WILL be opened in MARTINSBURG, on the 1st September next, where the Subscriber purpo- ses teaching the Latin and Greek Languages, in the manner practised in Dickinson College, (Carlisle) — Those who favour him with encouragement, may rely upon strict attention being paid, not only to the instruction of the youth committed to his charge in the above-mentioned languages, but also to their manners and morals. The price of tui- tion at 5l. per ann. Subscriptions will be taken in by Mr. ROBERT M C KNIGHT, Martinsburg , and Mr. SAMUEL PORTER, Williamsport .
JOHN M C CORMICK. August 31, 1791.
The Subscriber has received, A fresh supply of FALL GOODS, To his former assortment, which he is determined to sell low, as he intends removing from this place; —Therefore all those indebted to him are requested to make payment. ROGER COLTART. Shepherd's-Town, October 9, 1791.
THE GRAND LODGE of VIRGINIA are requested to meet in the City of Richmond, on Friday, the 28th of Oc- tober, 1791.
THE MASTER and WARDENS of the Lodges under the jurisdiction of the Grand Lodge of Virginia , will please to attend to the above notice, it being a half yearly Grand Communication, to be holden at the Mason's-Hall in this City. Matters of con- siderable importance will then be laid before the Grand Lodge, together with other business, which at the last grand communication was deferred, ow- ing to the small number of Lodges then represented. It is, therefore requested, that no further delays, for want of a regular deputation from a sufficient number of Lodges may take place, and that a poin- ted attendance from all the Lodges will be given. By the Grand Master's Command, BASIL WOOD, G. Sec'y. A. L. 5791.
Richmond, Sept. 17, A. D. 1791.
5 Pounds Reward.
ESCAPED out of the subscriber's custody, some time in the month of May, a negro man named JACOB, who calls himself a freeman. Jacob is a low, well-made fellow, remarkably black, froops a little in the neck, large head, small short chin, and has lost two teeth before, out of the right or left side of the upper jaw—this negro has been seen in Berkeley County, in the possession of a Mr. BURD- GIS, who claims him as his property. Whoever takes up said Negro, and conveys him to the keeper of the gaol of Prince-William County, or the sub- scriber's house at Dumfries, in said County, shall receive the above reward, and all reasonable char- ges.
YELVERTON PEYTON, Sheriff, (Prince-William County). October 8, 1791.
To be sold at PUBLIC VENDUE, On Friday, the 28th day of October next ensuing,
At the Bower Plantation of the late General ADAM STEPHEN, on Opeckon Creek, in Berkeley County, a number of
HORSES AND HORNED CATTLE, Amongst which are several fat Bullocks. Twelve months credit will be given, upon giving bond, with approved security.
MOSES HUNTER. September 28, 1791.
Any person having a new-milch COW to dispose of, may hear of a purchaser by ap- plying at the Printing-Office.
15 Dollars Reward.
RAN AWAY from the Subscriber, the 16th inst. a negro man named JACOB, about 28 years old, six feet some inches high, of a yellowish com- plexion, has a scar on his forehead, several about his eyes, and many more on his buttocks, which he received in consequence of his late thesis; he has a sharp nose, sculking look, and is as great a rogue as any in the County. Whoever will take up said negro, if within 10 miles of home, shall have Four Dollars reward—if 20 miles, Eight Dollars—and if at a greater distance, Fifteen Dollars, and all rea- sonable charges, when brought to Shepherd's-Town , Berkeley-County .
GEORGE REYNOLDS. September 26, 1791.
At a Court of Quarter Sessions, held for BERKELEY Coun- ty, the 16th day of August, 1791.
WILLIAM MUNFORD, Compt. } In Chancery. vs. MARTIN KERSHNER, Deft. }
THE Defendant not having entered his appear- ance agreeable to an Act of Assembly, and accord- ing to the rules of this Court, and it appearing to the satisfaction of the Court, that he is no inhabi- tant of this County: On the motion of the Com- plainant, by his Council, Ordered, That the said De- fendant do appear here on the third Tuesday of No- vember next, to answer the bill of the Complainant, and that a copy of this Order be forthwith inserted in the Virginia Gazette for two months successively, and published at the Church in the Parish of Nor- borne, in the County aforesaid, on some Sunday af- ter divine service, and also at the Court-House door of the said County. A copy. Teste. MOSES HUNTER, C. B. C.
A Watch lost.
WAS lost in Martinsburg, some time in August last, a silver cap'd WATCH, cross-bar movement, name and number as follows:
Geo. Marme. Metcalf. London, No. 419. Whoever will return the said Watch, or give such information as the owner may get it again, shall re- ceive a handsome reward, paid by JOHN GOODING. Shepherd's-Town, Sept. 23, 1791.
A Mill for sale.
BY Virtue of a Decree of the Court of BERKELEY County, and State of VIRGINIA, will be exposed to sale by PUBLIC VENDUE, upon the first day of February next, if fair, if not the next fair day, a MERCHANT-MILL, with the Lot, Prem- ises, and Buildings thereunto belonging, late the property of HENRY COOKCUS, deceased, and now in the possession of CHRISTIAN ORENDORF.
Also, the Stone Dwelling-House, and Ground-Rents of the said estate, late of the said COOKCUS, deceased, all situate in Shepherd's-Town , in the County and State aforesaid.
The terms of sale will be, one third part of the purchase money to be paid in twelve months from the day of sale, one other third part within two years after the day of sale, and the remaining third part within three years after the day of sale.
By order of the Court. JOHN KEARSLEY, } Trustees. HENRY BEDINGER. } BERKELEY-COUNTY, July 25, 1791.
6m.
THE Subscriber, in the most respectful Manner, informs the Public in general, and the Inha- bitants of Martinsburg and its Vicinity in particular, that he intends to commence Business in the COP- PER and TIN LINE, near the Bridge in the said Town, on the first of August next, where they may be furnished, at the shortest Notice, and most rea- sonable Terms, with COPPER and TIN WARE, of every Description; and hopes, from the Good- ness of his Work and Moderation of his Prices, to merit the Patronage of a GENEROUS PUBLIC—and is their devoted humble Servant,
WILLIAM CLEMM. N. B. He still continues to carry on both Bran- ches of Business, as usual, at his Shop, in Baltimore , where People may, at all Times, be supplied with every Article in either Line, as above:—Also, with Sheet-Copper, raised Copper-Bottoms, Tin-Plates in Boxes, Pig and Sheet Brass, India Spelter, Spelter- Solder, Sheet-Iron, Pig and Bar Lead, Iron Wire af- forted, and Black-Lead Crucibles from No. 6 to 25. Country-Prodce, or approved Paper, will be receiv- ed in payment for any of the above Articles, at the highest Rate.
The highest Price will be allowed, at both his Shops, in Cash, or new Work given in exchange for old COPPER, BRASS, PEWTER, or LEAD. Baltimore July 29, 1791.