Norfolk gazette and publick ledger (Norfolk [Va.]), 1808-10-10 00:00:00

NORFOLK GAZETTE And PUBLICK LEDGER
[VOL. V.
MONDAY EVENING, OCTOBER 10, 1808.
NO. 37.]
For LIVERPOOL, The fast-sailing coppered Ship CALEDONIAN, John Dickson, master, burthen about 500 hogheads of tobacco—will receive on freight a cargo immediately, and sail on the embargo being off.
Also for Freight or Sale, The fast sailing coppered Ship ARTIC, Samuel Davis, master, Philadelphia built, burthen 200 tons, seven years old, now ready to receive a cargo.
Also for Freight or Sale, The Brig EXPERIMENT, Henry Dickson, master, burthen 140 tons, and will carry 1100 barrels flour. For terms apply to William Dickson.
For Charter, The Ship JANE, Burthen 420 tons.
THE Ship INDUSTRY, Burthen 280 tons.
AND THE Ship COURTNEY, Burthen 200 tons.
Those Ships will be ready to receive cargoes in 15 days, and may commence loading for any port where an American vessel can with safety go to—the freight to be settled when a clearance can be obtained. Apply to William Pennock.
FOR CHARLESTON, The regular Packet PLOUGHBOY, F. Hall, master, will sail in 8 days. For freight or passage, apply to D. R. Waddey, & Co.
FOR SALE, A fine New SCHOONER of 125 tons burthen, will carry about 1000 do. English do. 1 to 7. It is now ready to launch, her cabin and joiner's work complete, built in Mathews.
Also, A very handsome Pilot-Boat built SCHOONER, of 120 tons burthen, measures 81 feet on deck, complete, and can be launched in a few days.
Also, One ditto of similar dimensions, can be launched in a month, the rigging of the two last is now fitting.
Also, A new BRIG of 180 tons, completely fitted, now lying at Loyall's wharf.
Also, A VESSEL of 185 tons, on the stocks, can be launched in a month. This vessel is of superior model and workmanship, and all her materials completely seasoned. For terms apply to Wilson & Cunningham.
For SALE, 3000 bushels Liverpool SALT, a-float. In Store. At their establishment near Campbell's wharf, 100 pieces Russia Canvas, 60 do. Raven's Duck, 500 do. English do. 1 to 7. With a general and extensive assortment of SHIP CHANDLERY, on liberal terms by Noble & Arbuthnott, & Co.
GEORGE WILSON, Has removed his Counting-Room to the end of Campbell's Wharf, where he offers for Sale, 30 puncheons Grenada RUM, 17 do. Old Antigua do. 10,000 wt prime Green Coffee in tiers and barrels, 3 chests Souchong Tea, 2,000 bushels black eyed Peas in puncheons, 20 boxes Havana Sugars, 27 kegs Lard. Wanted,
8 or 10 likely NEGRO BOYS, from 10 to 12 years of age, for which Cash will be given. October 7.
For SALE, Little England Plantation, near Hampton, containing 355 acres of excellent land, about 300 of which are cleared, the remainder under wood, with a Dwelling-House, Offices, &c. This Plantation has many advantages over most others in the low country. There is a wharf within fifty yards of the house, with sufficient water for any vessel to lie at that can come into Hampton Creek, and the advantage to a farmer of having every thing conveyed to and from so considerable a market as Norfolk by water, is a circumstance of the first consideration. There is an excellent Pump in the farm-yard, with a well sufficient to water any fleet that may generally be in Hampton Roads; from this pump there are water-ways to the wharf, by which a boat can load from 10 to 12 tons of water in two hours—It yielded the late proprietor at one time 700 dollars in twelve months. The Plantation is most completely fenced by double ditches, staked, and wattled, with some hedges—In short, the House, Offices, and Land, are in such perfect neat and good order, that any person purchasing the place would not have a cent to lay out on it. Those who may wish to view the premises will please apply to Dr. Ward, at Little England—For terms or other particulars, apply to William H. Thompson.
N. B. The Negroes, Stock, and Farming Utensils, will be sold with or without the Plantation. October 7. 2awtf
JUST RECEIVED By E. STURTEVANT, A fresh supply of fashionable SHOES. October 3. tf
CASH will be given for 20,000 Rough Hoghead STAVES, those from the Western Branch will be preferred. Apply to Josiah Cowper. October 5.
From the Virginia Gazette.
To WILSON C. NICHOLAS, Esq.
LETTER VII.
SIR, I purposed that my sixth letter should be the last. I had examined all the most important propositions of your circular; but finding that there still remain some things which seem to demand examination, I, though pressed by the call of different duties, recede from my first purpose, and devote a little more time to a conflict with error.
To the prevailing prejudices against Great Britain, I have chiefly confined my attention; and I have done so, because I believe that from those prejudices spring, in a great measure, the evils we endure; and that from them may ultimately arise those dreadful ills of war and subjugation, which by giving us a master, will deprive us of a country.
I surely have, at least, a reasonable confidence in the power and resources of Great Britain; and I hesitate not to acknowledge my admiration of her courage and magnanimity; but, with all my confidence, I often dread the result of the conflict in which she is engaged. Although prepared to contend with open force, and, in that way, to defy the utmost rancour of her enemies, she cannot, I fear, so well resist that subtle mode of sapping her strength which France has long practised, and which we, either in imitation of, or in obedience to her master, have, to our own inexpressible injury, adopted, and enforced.
If this system shall finally prevail against her, how long shall we have to glory in the success of our measures? If by our strange policy we should eventually succeed in placing all the force of Europe at Buonaparte's disposal, it will not be long ere his chains are heard to clank in the United States. In the event of England's subjugation what on earth can save us? Buonaparte become our neighbour by possessing the British and Spanish colonies, could we hope exemption from the sweep of his ambition? Could we hope it through the merit of our conduct towards him? From our peaceful submission to his will, and caprice, when we could have resisted; and our union of means in the destruction of his last and greatest enemy? His conduct towards Prussia and Spain, forbid us to hope that our tameness would meet with any other than its natural reward, contempt and servitude. But in case of Great Britain being bent under the yoke, to talk of resistance would be absurd; and those who talk of it, mean only to pamper a foolish vanity in the people, or to hide from them, till too late for repentance, the inevitability of their destruction.
Long deeply impressed with a sense of the consequences which may ultimately result to ourselves from the unnatural union of our means of annoyance with those of Buonaparte in the destruction of Great Britain, I have heretofore silently lamented the progress amongst us of those prejudices and false opinions by which that union has been produced or permitted; an union big with consequences more dreadful than the most gloomy imagination can anticipate. I know with what obstinate incredulity such predictions are received. Placed, as they commonly are, to the account of party zeal, or foreign influence, men treat them as mere bugbears, or perhaps, as the terrors of death, which seldom produce apprehension, or repentance, till apprehension can only aggravate the evil, and till repentance is wholly unavailing.
But, when consentaneous to events which we have seen, and to disasters experienced by other nations, why should predictions be despised? Have we a charter of exemption from those afflictive events which prostrate the independence of nations? Will the genius of our liberties be a sufficient guardian of our rights and national integrity in despite of our supineness, and obstinate dereliction of all those prudent rules which we either forget, or forsake in the mad pursuit of revenge for wrongs that even he who believes the most, must believe are at the utmost, of dubious reality?
What nation has bent the neck to the yoke of France which has not, even when viewing the reduction of neighbouring nations to servitude, thought, or acted as if she thought, that she herself was clearly privileged from the evil which had overtaken the others! When Switzerland, that name and nation, so dear to every man who has sense, and sensibility enough to know and value the blessings of liberty; when Switzerland was forced to sacrifice her independence on the altar of French ambition, with what calmness was the event regarded by the continental powers of Europe?—Each seemed satisfied that she had not been the selected victim; and no doubt, flattered herself that as she had been once respected, so she might be respected still. How vain the hope! how fatal the delusion! They have sunk one after another into degradation and servitude, so that there is now scarcely a spot left in the continent of Europe, where a freeman would deign to inhabit, or where he could, in safety, breathe one ejaculation for the restoration of the just rights of man and nations.
It might be worth our while to consider the conduct of Prussia. Her conduct and her fate might to us afford a useful lesson. Hatred, and jealousy of Austria; and a constant leaning to the side of France, as being commonly the enemy of her hated rival, eventuated in what? In the humiliation of Austria indeed, but likewise in her own complete ruin. This catastrophe was foreseen, and foretold. Prussia herself must have thought it likely to happen; but she would not move a finger to save her rival. Hatred had possession of her heart; and she seemed willing to risk her existence, on the chance of gratifying her resentment.
Yet, with these things before our eyes, will we continue to advance in the same path that has con-
ducted other nations into such evils? Will no warning voice be heard? Shall we continue to persevere in that course pointed out by our passions, and perish at last, perhaps; not because we did not see our danger, nor because destruction was inevitable; but because that in defiance of impending evils we will rush headlong to the gratification of a vengeful spirit?
But you place, your hope, and confidence in the virtue, and wisdom of our President. You think that he has foresight enough to discover approaching evils; and virtue, and wisdom enough to avert them. I wish you may not be deceived. For my part, I would wish to place my confidence in an enlightened people; and that they may be enlightened, they must be taught not to put a blind confidence in any man. They must enquire after truth; and though truth too seldom pleases, she must be heard with patience, and be encouraged to speak. To be flattered, and flattered too to their own destruction, is of those who have much to give, the inevitable fate. Let the people then be on their guard; they have much to give, and much to take away.
But in what, as it respects his conduct towards Great Britain, have the wisdom and virtue of the President been conspicuous? He has indeed discovered no small share of that species of wisdom called cunning. He has talked, as you do, of the advantages of peace, and friendly intercourse between our country and that, whilst he was labouring with all his art, with all his instruments, and by all his friends to inspire us with that jealousy, hatred and even abhorrence of Great Britain, which he was sensible would enable him, at no distant day to plunge us, with impunity, into our present distress. Whilst he held up to our view the benefits accruing from peace and friendly relations with that country, he took care always to instill a belief, that those relations could not, yet be maintained without a prostration of our dignity and rights. His arts have been crowned with success. He has gained a two-fold end: a quiet sacrifice of our prosperity; and a very general conviction that the sacrifice was rendered necessary by British injustice. When, or where will our infatuation end? Will the people never get a sight of the true springs of our governmental machine? I fear not in time. I fear that whatever may be the motives which actuate our government, to us the consequences will be the same. Is it not quite apparent, that, by whatsoever motive led, what we are doing tends to produce that most disastrous of all consequences; that evil which includes all others, subserviency to France? Is it in such things that the President's wisdom and virtue appear? That wisdom and virtue on which so much reliance, and so high a value are placed. I know not, indeed, by what new standard of estimation you settle the value of his wisdom and virtue. Is it by the squares of his pretensions? Or, do you adopt the rule of the Libya and increase their value in proportion to their minuteness?
In my sixth letter I glanced at the subject of impressment. I wish for a moment, to resume it. I am sensible, however, that such a question cannot be thoroughly discussed in the very narrow limits to which I propose to confine myself; but, even in very confined limits, something may be said tending to excite reflection, and a further enquiry into the merits of a subject which we have already prejudged in our own favor.
You say that we do not dispute the right of Great Britain to her own seamen; but you deny her right to take them from our merchant vessels. —Is not this, sir, to acknowledge the right; but in effect to deny the remedy? Where are her seamen, whom we protect, to be found, except on board our vessels? If they are not to be taken from them, how else, I pray, are they to be taken? "Apply" you'll say "to our government." Let us see how this would answer. The British find a number of their sailors on board one or more of our vessels. They must not put hand upon them; but application is to be made to our government, to some court, or judge appointed by it, which government, court or judge is, perhaps, at a distance of six or eight thousand miles from the place the sailors are found. However, after a year spent in getting despatches demanding those men forwarded to the British minister at Washington, an order, let us suppose is at last received for them to be delivered up. Well, the British have the order, to be sure; but where are the men? Not, most assuredly to be found. —If they feared the event of the demand, of which their being found, gave them notice, they would be very certain to take care to render ineffectual any order of arrest and delivery. But suppose British sailors to be found in our vessels, on our own coast, or in their own harbours, what short of seizure, and detention would insure the recovery of them? The fact is, sir, and you must know it, that with respect to impressment, there are only two things the British can do; they must either take their men when found, from our merchant vessels, or must totally give them up. There is no adequate middle way. With respect to our ships of war, their numbers being small, compared to the numbers of our trading vessels, the mode of application to government may be proper and adequate: but as British sailors may be, and probably are scattered amongst our ten thousand vessels, it is completely absurd to talk of any other than the most summary mode of recovering them.
It is the difficulty, the absolute impossibility of finding any suitable plan, by way of application, for the recovery of their men, that, no doubt, compels the British to have recourse to so painful and odious a measure as that which they have adopted. Mr. Canning, in one of his letters to Mr. Munroe, hints at this difficulty; but if our executive thinks that he can devise any plan by which the salvation of Great Britain, which depends upon her sailors, can be reconciled with a relinquishment of the right
of impressment, why not communicate his plan to the public, that if clearly adequate to the proposed end, we might be satisfied thereof, and be thereby justified to ourselves in charging Great Britain with tyranny, and cruelty, if not with injustice?
Can it, indeed, be supposed that if such a plan were offered to the British, they would reject it? How few of their run-away seamen do they recover even by impressment? And, yet, for these, it is possible that they would make such immense sacrifices as are made to result in a great measure, from the irritation that impressment causes? No, but they are required to surrender the principle. Under present circumstances, we might as well require them to surrender their navy, to surrender their existence, to put themselves under the tutelage of Buonaparte, and hand down to their posterity, in lieu of independence and liberty, the damnable ignominy of a tame subjection to a foreign yoke.
If they surrender the right of impressment, always over. It is that which held up in terrorem prevents an almost general desertion from the British fleets. Common sailors are brave and enterprising; but their roving life is not calculated to generate, or confirm local attachments. A sailor's ship is his home. The dulcedo of the natale solum (the sweet love of country) is a perception which he seldom knows, which seldom swells his bosom, or sparkles in his eye. Besides, what comparison does their pay in the British navy bear to that which they can get from our merchants? It is not, perhaps, equal to an half. These seamen, indeed, who voluntarily enter to serve in the navy, receive large bounties. These are great inducements to enter; but offer no inducement to remain. They soon tire of that strict discipline indispensable wherever such a multitude of men are crowded together in so small a space. They soon come to desire more liberty and greater wages. These they could procure in the service of their own merchants; but that would not afford them even a temporary exemption from impressment. Hence they flee to us, pay a dollar for a certificate of citizenship, enter on board our vessels, claim our protection, and, if need be, he who was born in Wapping, in sight of the steple of St. Paul's, can get a bundle of certificates to prove his birth in Boston or in New-York. Take from before the eyes of such men the fear of falling into the hands of those who have a double title to their services, and my fall conviction is that Great Britain could not resist her enemies for one year afterwards.
But to whom am I addressing myself? To whom urging the considerations of anger and destruction to Great Britain, as inducements not to press her with unjust demands? To one who, unconscious, I hope of the fatal consequences to his own country of success in such demands, would, I fear, view her dangers and even her destruction, with joy and exultation. But these letters are not intended to meet your eye only. They may perchance sometimes meet the eyes of those whose prejudices have not yet barricaded every avenue to their understandings; who have hearts to feel for the difficulties of a gallant nation struggling for existence: and who in struggling for her own existence maintains the cause of an oppressed world, in an unequal contest with a proud oppressor.
However, I would ask, how many real American, impressed seamen, do you suppose were ever, at one time, in the British service? Were there ever a thousand? Were there ever five hundred? For my part, tho' pretty apt to peep into newspapers, I have never seen any thing like proof that there ever were even one hundred. Are there more than two or three instances of the British having refused, even on the first proper application, to deliver up our men? How often have we heard of British ships, British ships of war, having been searched for American sailors? How often have their crews been mustered to meet the scrutiny of an American officer? How often have their master-rolls been produced for examination? In fine, how many claims for protection have been made upon us which have proved altogether unfounded? But, let us suppose what, in truth is not supposable, that the British may have had, at once, a thousand of our seamen in their service; what a trifling object to a nation whose naval establishment requires 150,000. Is it for such an object that she would incur our ill-will, and deprive herself of these many advantages which a good understanding with us enabled her to procure? The notion is as absurd, as the propagation of it is wicked. However unfriendly towards us; whatever hatred and jealousy of us she may entertain, till she cannot hate herself so far, nor so far forget her own interest, as to do a thing so likely to be highly injurious to her. No, she has left it to us to exhibit the strange spectacle of a nation inflicting on itself the deadliest blows in the expectation that the blows thus inflicted may in their resistance wound another hated nation.
If the British deliver up, on application, the few American seamen they impress; and that they do is presumable from the few complaints made on that score, why so pertinaciously insist on the surrender of the right of impressment? Why? For the very reasons which I have before offered as inducements for us not to insist on it. It is because the consequences thereof are known to our government, that the surrender of the right is so obstinately required. Had not this been the case, we would have assented to the informal arrangement which, while it protected our seamen protected also the British navy, by continuing to suspend over the heads of the British sailors the terror of impressment. In proportion, however, I have no doubt, as the maintenance of the right is essential to the preservation of British power, and British existence, will be the pertinacity of our endeavours to overthrow it.
But you tell us, that the law of nations is against

the right of impressment claimed by Great Britain. Mr. Madison had said so, and I suppose you think that he cannot be mistaken; but, sir, if the impossibility of finding a remedy short of seizure and detention, for a right that is not contested, be shewn, is not a right to the remedy thereby proved? There cannot exist a right without its remedy. It would be a solecism in law. A right can only exist in conjunction with its remedy. The remedy is the soul which confers upon it the privilege and vigour of existence. In municipal law, when a right is acceded, tribunals and judges will not refuse to act, nor deny a remedy, though in the volumes of their law no opposite case is to be found. No, the right acknowledged legitimates some remedy, and all the tribunals can do, is to render the remedy adequate, and that, as far as may be, without retrenching on the rights of others. When a right is found to exist, and the law is silent as to the remedy they will regard this silence rather as a proof that the right had never before been contested, than as a proof that it never had been claimed.
Among societies independent of each other, the voluntary law of nations has force in cases that come within its provisions; but if this case of impressment comes not within its scope, by what law is it to be judged? Why, certainly by the necessary law of nations, and this is only another term to express what we call the law of nature. And what says this necessary law? That wherever there is a perfect right, that right may be enforced by such means as are fitted to obtain justice; and no nation can be restrained in the enforcement of an acknowledged right by any other considerations than those of prudence. From motives of policy from fear of drawing on herself still greater ills than what might flow from the surrender of a particular right, a nation may waive that right; but when it is founded on the law of nature; when necessary to the preservation, though circumstances may a thousand times render the enforcement of it impolitic, the right never can be lost, except by voluntary agreement, or by that which swallows up all rights, subjection by external force. Now, sir, we admit the right of the British to their seamen; it is evident, that short of impressment, no suitable remedy can be found, what is the consequence? That they are justified in having recourse to that only measure calculated to preserve them from ruin, and from the multiplied horrors of subjection.
But their officers are the judges of those who are, or are not British. True, and who is to judge? Not we surely who by engaging their men have done the first wrong. No, in the first instance the capturing officer must necessarily, as in cases of property, be the judge. But in neither case, can the judgment of this officer be regarded as final. The only difference is, that in cases of property, courts are to establish the right by a final decree; in the case of seamen such formality is not observed; and any sort of reasonable evidence such as men are wont to form opinions upon, is known to be held sufficient. If application were to be made to a court, that court must have its rules and forms of evidence, and testimony not confirmable thereto, how convincing soever, must be rejected. Hence would arise great difficulties, and what is next to a denial of justice, great delay. Besides, we can often bring satisfactory proof of facts, which nevertheless we could not judicially prove. But this thing of British officers being judges in cases of impressment afforded a happy opportunity for practising on the passions. It has not been neglected.
Mr. Madison, whose genius is so suitably exercised in finding out objections to the conduct of Great Britain, and excuses for the conduct of France, first branched it, and it has been repeated since by every political mugger, from Maine to St. Mary's. 'Tis true that the passions of the people are kept up; and thus, I fear, they will be kept in play, till irritated to madness by fictitious wrongs, they plunge headlong into ills from which their leaders, tho' they should be willing, will not be able to extricate them.
The root about British officers being judges in the case of impressed seamen, springs from the same hollow source with that made about licenses or passports, granted by the British government to some of our ships. I could show that the greatest and most powerful nations of Europe have not merely permitted their merchants to use such passports, but have actually stipulated in treaties mutually to grant such when circumstances should render them necessary. But why waste time in an attempt to prove that an absurdity is absurd? Or to demonstrate that a benefit is not a wrong? There is no capacity so grossly Euclidian as not to perceive, tho' there may be many hearts so malign as not to admit, that this affair of the passports could neither degrade nor injure us, could neither taint our honor, nor impug our independence.
I am, Sir, Your obedient servant, A. B. I could cite long pieces from books in proof of what is laid down; but it seems needless. The volume of the law of nature lies open before every man who can read it. It is a law, as Tully says, "Non scripta sed nata; quam non didicimus, accipimus, legimus, sed verum ex natura ipse arripimus, hausimus, expressimus; ad quam non ducti sed facti, non instituti sed intrinsecus imbuti simus."
Boot and Shoe Manufactory. SAMUEL COLEMAN, Opposite the Market (westward) has removed by captain Hand, from Philadelphia, a quantity of the Highest Priced Boot Legs, Vamps, Tops, and other Materials, for his Factory—He has also Seal Leather, which has been in tan seven years; with these, the best workman he can get, and the greatest care and punctiliousness, he believes the people of this place and its vicinity, may be as well served as by any factory in the country. His Stock at present, is as good as this country can furnish; and he intends to use no other kind, the price of course must be higher, and when the Boots go the money must come, having found in a number of instances that a few days means six or twelve months, and an application even then for the money is ample cause of comity. He has on hand a large assortment of BOOTS and SHOES. SALT, LONDON PORTER, &c. &c. Fresh SHOES from New-York for Ladies, of red, green, and black Morocco, with 1, 2 and 3 ties. JOURNEYMEN WANTED. The best Boot and Shoe Makers, not only at £20, but such as will do the best work in all cases, may meet with as much encouragement in any factory, as in any in this state, or any state in the union north of this.
Late Foreign Intelligence, Received by arrivals at Philadelphia.
LONDON, August 5. Extract of a letter from an officer of rank in the British forces landed at Figuera, in Portugal, dated the 19th of July. "Here I am, landed with a battalion of royal marines, as fine fellows as ever stepped the earth. The French are, I understand, advancing to attack the city of Coimbra, about 24 miles from this place. They have only 4000 men, and the Portuguese who defend it are nearly 18000, of all sorts and irregulars. Coimbra is an amazing strong and well fortified city, so situated that cannon can scarcely be brought to act against it with any prospect of success. We are all ready to assist the Portuguese if wanted, but they appear in high spirits."
DINNER. At the City of London Tavern, in compliment to the deputies of the Spanish nation. Yesterday the illustrious personages who have visited this country on the most important mission in the history of modern diplomacy were entertained at this tavern, the principal apartments of which were prepared in great haste for their reception. At about half past six the noble foreigners arrived, and, accompanied by the British ministers, entered the room, where they were received by nearly three hundred of the principal merchants, bankers, and traders of the city of London, and by most of the heads of the incorporated companies. About 100 more persons dined in an adjacent apartment, and joined their friends when the cloth was removed, and sufficient accommodation could be afforded. The following were the toasts first given, some of which were introduced by short observation from the chair, complimentary to the illustrious persons named in them: "The King." "The Queen." "The Prince of Wales and royal family." "Ferdinand the VIIth, king of Spain." "The prince regent of Portugal and the house of Braganza." "The king of Sweden." "The king of the Two Sicilies." "The President of the United States of America." The only interruption to the general harmony of the meeting occurred when this last toast was announced: and the marks of disapprobation continued until a new subject drew the attention of the company.
The conviviality of the evening having proceeded, the chairman rose and said, that he had to propose a very few sentiments to the gentlemen present, which he was confident would meet with their cordial assent and approbation. Sir Francis then proposed: 1. "Success to the patriots of Spain, our brave associates in liberty and arms." 2. "The health of our illustrious visitors, and may their courage and loyalty be crowned with success: and when they return to their country, may they be rewarded by its affection and gratitude." Mr. Canning said that he rose in the name of these noble guests to express their thanks for the flattering reception given them on this occasion. They desired him to acquaint this respectable company, that without any hope to exterior aid, their countrymen would have endeavored to rescue themselves from the tyranny by which they were threatened, and they trust they should have succeeded. Now having witnessed not only the promises, but the performances of the British nation to support their cause, they can entertain no reasonable doubt of a favorable issue. The honorable reward they propose is a permanent alliance and friendship with this country, by which the security and happiness of Spain and Britain will be essentially promoted. As an indication of the high respect they bore to this meeting they desired that the health of his majesty should be again given.
This toast was then succeeded by the following: "May the united efforts of Great Britain, Spain, and Portugal, rescue the continent from degradation and tyranny." "May the Spanish, Portuguese, British and Swedish powers ever unite for the support of religion, liberty, loyalty and law." Lord Camden then proposed the health of the chairman with three times three, which produced an appropriate speech from the worthy Baronet, and the return of the same compliment to the company. The noble visitors were now about to withdraw, when a pause was occasioned by Mr. Canning's health being given; on which the hon. secretary said that he had before addressed the gentlemen merely in the character of an interpreter; he had now the honor of speaking to them in his own person, and he had the satisfaction in character to return them his most grateful acknowledgments. From the London Morning Post, Aug. 8. TO THE EDITOR.
Sir, If the dissatisfaction which followed the toast I gave at the public dinner last week, by many supposed to have been "The President and United States," but actually "The President and United States of America," had been confined to the company present I should have considered any blame that might have attached to me fully removed by the general approbation expressed afterwards at my conduct: but as it has excited much observation, I must request your indulgence to insert a few lines in justification of myself. I have always considered it to be the duty of a chairman to act with impartiality and propriety, and not to introduce any toast at a public dinner in a clandestine manner. To prove that I had no such intention, the toasts were printed, with a translation for the information of the visitors, and distributed at the table at which I sat, altho' I believe they were only partially circulated at the other tables. All the friendly governments, with their respective sovereigns, were given in regular succession: Spain, Portugal, Sweden, Sicily, concluding with America. My situation was a public one, and it was not permitted for me to indulge a private opinion or feeling; strict impartiality and correct propriety demanded that I should propose, and not omit America, with whom we are in a family and friendship, placing that country on an equal footing with the rest. An American minister is here; we have one in America; a state of peace must therefore be supposed to exist; and it would have been presumption in me, in the chair of so respectable an assembly, and in the presence of his majesty's ministers, to have decided whether the
present state of the connections between the two countries was more or less friendly. Under these circumstances, I must confess that I feel neither doubt nor difficulty in referring my conduct to the judgment of every dispassionate person. To accusations of party motives, of self interested measures, I can oppose with confidence a long life passed under the eyes of many who were present, and I flatter myself, that its uniform tenor renders it not necessary for me to enter into any further defence. I am, Sir, your most humble servant, FRANCIS BARING. Hill-street, Aug. 7, 1808.
August 9. The surrender of Dupont to the Spaniards, will we trust, be speedily followed by the surrender of Junot to the British. Sir Arthur Wellesley, as we stated yesterday, has landed, and was within two days march of Lisbon. But it is said that he did not land at Figuera, as it was supposed he would; he called there for the marines who had been debarked there some days before, and proceeded immediately to a place, Macrina according to some accounts between Peniche and Mafra, the latter is not more than forty miles from Lisbon; where he landed, and immediately began his march to Lisbon. This seems to have been a better point to effect a landing than Figuera, it shortens the march very considerably, and enables Sir Arthur to commence his operations against Junot sooner. His first object of attack will be the forts, the possession of which by the British will secure our feet a free admission into the Tagus, and consequently the power of paying a visit to the Russians. Information was yesterday received of the landing of Sir Arthur Wellesley with all his force. Sir Arthur's force is stated to amount to 14,000 men. It is said that he has been joined by that part of the Portuguese army which had assembled at Coimbra Important, and we hope grateful news may be hourly expected from that quarter. The supreme junta of Oporto, acting for the whole of Portugal, we are informed, have requested to be supplied from this country with 30,000 stand of arms, and £300,000 in specie.
DUTCH PAPERS. Dutch Journals to the 5th instant, containing Paris news to the 30th ult.—Buonaparte arrived at Pau on the 21st ult. and left that town the next morning, and was to be at Toulouse on Sunday, the 24th; he was thence to proceed to Agen, which he was to leave on the 29th, for the purpose of visiting Bordeaux, where he was expected on the 30th. Such is the route mentioned in these papers.—Where he was going to from Bordeaux is not stated, but according to some accounts, he is expected at Ramboillet on the 15th instant, his birthday, for the celebration of which splendid preparations have been made. It is stated in an article from Hamburg, of the 29th ult. in the Rotterdam Courant of the 4th instant, that intelligence had been received at Copenhagen of the capture of the Swedish army in Finland, consisting of 12,000 men. This is evidently an unfounded rumour. The Gottenburgh mail furnishes the means of detection. By it we learn that his Swedish majesty established his head-quarters at Great Carleby on the 24th ult.—one day later than the report.
The Spanish troops in the vicinity of Hamburg have taken oath of fidelity to their new sovereign Joseph Napoleon. This need excite no surprise. They could be only imperfectly informed of recent events in their own country; and, besides, they had the bayonets of the French at their breasts. These papers maintain their usual silence with respect to Spain. Private letters from Holland state, that strong symptoms of revolt against France have lately manifested themselves in several districts of Germany, and also in Poland. At Dantzick the people are said to have suddenly risen upon the French soldiery and put numbers of them to death. The final result of this insurrection is not mentioned. Dantzick is known to be very strongly garrisoned, and therefore the conspiracy must be formidable, or the irritation extreme, that could prompt the inhabitants to insurrection.
FRANCE AND AUSTRIA. Dispatches were yesterday received from Sir J. Saumarez, in the Baltic. Reports says, they announce the commencement of hostilities between the Austrians and French. Whether this be any part of the contents of the dispatches we know not; but a letter from an officer in the Baltic states, that Sir James, while cruising off Stralsund on the 29th ult. was informed that hostilities had actually commenced, a battle having been fought in Gallacia in which the French were entirely defeated. The loss of the French is stated at 12,000 men, and the statement is said to have been confirmed by several vessels from Pilan. We state these rumours, but though we consider hostilities at no great distance between those powers, we doubt much whether they have yet commenced.
August 14. The expedition under gen. Spencer has proceeded to join Sir A. Wellesley, the Andalusians having found the Spanish cloak sufficient to give the invaders a dressing, without the aid of a Spencer. King Joseph may be fairly called Joseph Surface, for he has only a very superficial glance of his new kingdom of Spain. The Victory, a merchant vessel, is arrived from Pernambuco, in 60 days. We have the satisfaction of learning by her, that every thing was going on well at Brazils. A considerable force was collecting at Rio Grande, for the purpose of proceeding against the River Plata; but the expedition was suspended in consequence of the arrival of intelligence that a material change had taken place in the relations between Spain and Great Britain. A fleet of merchantmen consisting of nearly 200 vessels, were to sail for England, under a strong convoy, about 20 days after the departure of the Victory. Murat's army, which was entrenched itself near Madrid, it is said was waiting only for a favorable opportunity to fly for refuge to France. In consequence of the excesses committed by the French troops, it is ordered that with the exception of their arms and horses, the property taken on them shall be prizes. The Junta at Asturias has appointed 500 men of the regiment of Hibernia to compose their guard of honour. Journal of the attacks on Saragossa. ARRAGON, June 26.—Since the 23, when the French suffered great loss gen. Lefebvre has retired to
Epila. He was attacked there by the Marquis De Lagan and a large force of Aragonese, and he would have been totally defeated, but for the fight of two divisions of peasants. He lost, however 1000 men. 27. Gen. Verdier arrived to reinforce the enemy with about 2400 men, cavalry and infantry, and some Portuguese. They attacked Saragossa and Monte Torrero.—They were repulsed with the loss of 800 men killed, a great number wounded, six pieces of artillery, five cars of ammunition, drums, musical instruments, &c. The loss on our side was much less. An express arrived with intelligence of the approach of 7000 Valencians with 20 pieces of cannon. These troops were ordered to remain in reserve and concealment, to fall in on the enemy the next day when engaged.
28. The enemy renewed the attack in the morning on Torrero and the city, but were bravely repulsed, losing nearly the whole of their cavalry, and much of their infantry. At Torrero some injury was suffered by the retreat of the artillery, through the treachery of the commander. The batteries thus became silent at the most interesting time. The Valencians arrived rather late, but they could not dislodge the enemy from Torrero. From thence the city was battered, and in the night a powder magazine exploded, by which 14 houses were destroyed and about 200 persons killed. At this moment the enemy presented themselves in three places, hoping to be able to enter, and the column which attempted the entrance of Overtamqueda in front of the powder magazine was totally destroyed. It was resolved that all the French resident at Arragon, with their families, should be made prisoners.
29. The commandant of artillery, who sold the batteries of Torrero, was drummed out and shot. A person was hanged, who was detected taking letters to Murat informing him that the three gates were sold. This day the enemy were beat as usual.
30. The fire was continued with great loss to the French. July 1.—The fire was continued, and did not cease till ten in the morning, being 36 hours without interruption. Many of the enemy fell, and a great number of cars collected for the wounded.
2.—The taking of prisoners and the bombardment followed. Three fell in the Palau, but did no damage worthy of notice neither did any other that fell in the city.
3.—From morning till night the fire did not cease —Our troops shewed great ardour.
4.—Yesterday Torrero was reconquered. The French lost all their officers. Their cavalry was reduced to thirteen horses and the infantry completely ruined.
5.—We have learned that the wounded could not be accommodated in the convents or guard houses at Tudela, and that they were removed in cars to Pampeluna. Of two captains of artillery who were wounded one is dead. Thirty chasseurs who were in search of provisions, were disarmed at Tausto.
HAMBURG, July 29. We are assured that intelligence was received at Copenhagen on the 23d, that the Russian Gen. Buxhoven had surrounded and captured Gen. Klingspör, with 12,000 men. A rumour was also in circulation, that the alliance between Sweden and England is interrupted.
The day before yesterday the Spanish officers and soldiers at the military depot at Altona and in the vicinity, took the oath of allegiance to their new king, after the new constitution had been read to them. Nothing was heard but acclamations of "Long live the king, Don Joseph Napoleon!" The French Gen. Dupas gave a grand entertainment to the officers. After dinner the health of the new king was drank, and repeated several times with unbounded applause.
SPAIN. Rio Seco, July 23. The French driven to rage and madness by the great slaughter and discomfiture which they had sustained in the battle of the 14th, entered this place with fire and sword, putting to death every one who fell in their way in the streets, and in the houses. In one street they killed 129 individuals, and in a single ward upwards of 208. This carnage was followed by an indiscriminate pillage, which continued during the whole of the night; and whatever they could not carry off with them they destroyed. Church vestments and utensils, plate, chalices, pyxes, the sacred hosts all carried off, or plundered—the images dashed in pieces!—virgins, matrons, widows, young and old, all **** Just God! Blessed God! hadst thou granted permission to the infernal spirits to afflict us, they could not have made greater havoc in this town! Beloved father, we confess that though thou dealest with us most mercifully, our sins have deserved still severer chastisement; but forget not O Lord! that we have all of us a mediator, who is God with the Father, and that at this moment Rio Seco is the most unfortunate, the most wretched habitation on the face of the earth.
Head Quarters at Manzanal, July 29. The army of Gallacia extends from this place to very near Astorga, occupying a space of more than three leagues, including the encampments in the adjoining villages.
Our general, Seignor Blake is here, forming his dispositions. The post-office for the army is established at Membribre.
Yesterday arrived here the famous volunteer battalion of Victoria, with their black colours, bearing the inscription, "Victory or death." With this motto and their determined spirit, it may well be supposed that they neither take nor give quarter. All of them seem resolute fellows.
The battalion of students remain at Villa Franca. The following has been published,
By order of the government: "On the 28th inst. Marshal Bessieres transmitted a second letter to our general in chief, to which he requested a satisfactory answer, informing him that, with all due respect to his good opinion, it was his duty to avoid the effusion of blood, it being certain that the Bourbons, whom the general mentioned, never could reign while France and the greater part of Europe existed in their present state. He also informs the general that he is anxious to see him, and appoints a place of interview. To this letter was sent the following answer:
"July 28.—Seignor, marshal.—I have, with due respect, received your excellency's letter, and have to repeat my thanks to you, for having set at liberty the 4 or 500 prisoners whom you took in the

battle of Rio Seco, and whom your excellency describes as peasants of Galicia. They are nevertheless regular soldiers, being recruits incorporated with the troops of the line, though they do not wear the uniform. In explaining this circumstance, my intention is not to release myself from acknowledging the generous conduct your excellency has manifested towards those people, but to guard against the possibility of their, upon any occasion, receiving in consequence of any misconception, a species of treatment which they do not deserve, and which from the sentiments manifested by your excellency, could not be painful to your own feelings. Your excellency will always find me disposed to alleviate, as far as possible, all the horrors of war, flattering myself that in this respect I shall only imitate your conduct. But, seignor general, I am not at liberty to agree to the conference which you are pleased to propose to me, nor to enter into any discussion upon the subject which we should have to agitate on such an occasion.
"Your excellency informs me, that the Bourbon family has ceased to reign in Spain; and that, in order to replace them on the throne, it would be first necessary to destroy France and a great part of Europe. What, then, is the great crime committed by that family? Can it be the frank, faithful, and intimate friendship and alliance, which have united it to France during the space of thirteen years? But in attempting to make any reflections I exceed my limits; it is my duty to confine myself to the intreaty that your excellency will abandon the project of altering the opinion which I have already so decidedly pronounced upon the subject. Your excellency would doubtless take offence, were I to propose to you a change of party, and that you should abandon the emperor, whom you have sworn to support; and most assuredly you should reflect that, upon the same principles, I ought not to listen to your excellency's proposals, nor is it fitting that your excellency address them to a man of honour."
"Such is the esteem and admiration, Seignor General, in which I hold your excellency's military talents, that I glory in having opposed to me so distinguished an antagonist; and with respect to the final issue of the present struggle, I repose with confidence on the Divine Providence to whom it belongs to decide the fate of armies and of nations, and who, sooner or later, will look with a favourable eye upon the most just cause, which is defended by all true Spaniards."
"I beg leave to repeat to your excellency, Seignor Marshal, the assurances of my high consideration."
(Signed) "JOAQUIN BLAKE." "Seignor Marshal Bessieres."
LATE FROM SPAIN. New-York, October 4. Arrived yesterday the ship Camilla, capt. Wardell, in a passage of 34 days from Cadiz. Capt. Wardell informs, that he sailed from Cadiz on the 27th August. Previous to his leaving Spain, information had been received that king Joseph Bonaparte had arrived at Madrid, but thought it advisable soon afterwards to retreat to the frontiers. The French had been driven out of Barcelona, after nearly destroying the town. At Valencia a general massacre of the French inhabitants had taken place; and at Saragossa 8000 Frenchmen were blown up by the springing of a mine. [A passenger in the Camilla says that 12,000 were destroyed.] Gen. Dupont and his army had been marched into Cadiz, prisoners of war. The British fleet had withdrawn from Cadiz, and the French squadron had been laid up. A Spanish 74 sailed about 15 days before the Camilla for La Vera Cruz and Havana; and a frigate for Lima was ready for sea, and a 74 for the southward—all with dispatches. The Minerva gun brig and a sloop of war had arrived at Cadiz from England, with 8,000,000 of dollars for the patriots. It is stated that Gen. Junot was to be attacked in Lisbon by the Portuguese and British the day capt. W. sailed. The governor of Gibraltar (gen. Dalrymple) had gone to Lisbon, to take the command; it was generally supposed in Cadiz, that the French would all be driven out of Spain in a very short time.
Capt. W. has brought dispatches for government, from our Consuls in Spain. A passenger in the Camilla states, that an immense force of patriots from all parts of Spain were on their march to Madrid. Generals Moore and Spencer, and Sir A. Wellesley, had landed near Lisbon, and formed a junction with the Portuguese troops. Bonaparte had returned to Paris, in consequence it was said, of the Northern Powers having declared war against him.
From an official account of the battle of Baylen, it is stated that Dupont's division that surrendered to gen. Castanos consisted of 8242 men, with their arms, colours, and eagles: and that of Bedel's division consisted of 10,000 with their arms and artillery. The French lost 2200 killed on the field of battle, and 400 wounded. The Spaniards had 248 killed, and 785 wounded.
A letter from the most respectable quarter at Gibraltar, of the 21st August, says
"The news has just reached us, of the surrender of the whole of the French army under Junot, at Lisbon, to the British forces, and Junot himself a prisoner to the Spaniards and Portuguese, who attempted to escape from his army. Five thousand French troops, in two bodies, that were marching to relieve Junot, has been totally cut to pieces by the Spaniards—and not a single individual spared."
"Joseph the first has fled from Madrid, first having given the place up to pillage by his soldiers; and it is supposed he has gone to Catalonia, or more probably to Barcelona, which place the French have possession of. Fifteen tons of silver have been received at Cadiz, together with arms, ammunition, &c. Twenty thousand pounds sterling has been advanced by government here; and by the merchants 100,000 dollars—and more cash is expected from England, and every assistance the British can afford the Spaniards is given. General Dalrymple has just resigned his command here, and proceeds to Lisbon to-morrow to take the command of all the British forces in Spain and Portugal, amounting to about 40,000 men. Gen. Drummond succeeds to the command here."
Extract of a letter from an American gentleman in Spain resident there, dated 26th August. "The papers I have seen from the United States, give me no hopes of the embargo being taken off"
till congress meet in November, when I really think that our government will have to take some decided steps one side or the other. The extraordinary changes in this country must no doubt influence in some measure the decision which our government may adopt. The success of the Spaniards has been singular, and indeed so much so, that we who are on the spot, and in a great degree eye-witnesses to the business can hardly credit it, how much more incredible must it appear to those who have always considered the Spaniards as the most degraded people on earth, to find that they have been able with numbers, and only half armed, to completely beat the conquerors of the world!
"Saragossa has made itself immortal by its resistance against thirteen attacks of the flower of the French army, commanded by one of its boasted chiefs. Saragossa is defended by a trifling wall, more intended to prevent smuggling, than for defence. In the last attack, no longer able to withstand the impetuous ardor of the French troops, they let them into the city; and when about 8000 had advanced a considerable distance, fire was put to trains of powder leading to mines placed under the streets, where the French troops were, and above 6000 were destroyed—Above 1000 women fell fighting—and the inhabitants came to a determination of setting fire to the whole town, in preference to giving it up to the French. After the last attack the few remaining troops fled; and we are assured that the province of Arragon is totally cleared of Frenchmen."
"Joseph is at Burgos, having evacuated Madrid. We are this day confidently told that he has began his march to France, but that all Biscay being in arms, he has been obliged to return to Burgos, where he will very shortly be surrounded, and if he does not take care made prisoner."
"We have nothing from France; but, the slowness of the French troops coming in, it is pretty generally supposed that Bonaparte has got his hands full. Should the North of Europe rise, he may be made to regret his infamous conduct towards this country."
"We have no certain accounts from Lisbon; but we are very glad that we are not to have any English troops in Spain—the Spaniards in fact do not want any other aid than money and ammunition; they have more men than they can arm; and combined armies never have done any thing. With the Spaniards the French cannot much intrigue; and alone they have no reason to fear any dissensions."
Another letter from Cadiz, says "On the arrival of gen. Dupont at Port St. Marys, a town situated on the bay of Cadiz, in consequence of the discovery (among his baggage) of some Church Plate, which had been plundered from Cordova, the populace assembled, and in a tumultuous manner drove off the soldiers who had the charge of the baggage, which they completely ransacked, and carried off every thing which was valuable, and particularly a great quantity of gold and silver vessels, belonging to the Cathedral of Cordova. Dupont, in a letter to the governor, demands restitution. The Governor replied—"I have received your letter of yesterday, reclaiming the baggage, &c. destroyed by the populace of St. Mary, and invoking the honour of the Spanish nation. I detest the conduct of the criminals, and I am anxious for the glory of Spain—but your own proceedings have occasioned it—and it could never have been my intention, or that of the Supreme Junta, that your excellency should carry out of Spain the fruit of your rapacity, cruelty, and irreligion. Is there in reason, any principle which preserves good faith and humanity towards an army which entered the kingdom under the mask of friendship, and robbed it of its sovereign? at the same time extorting homage to a new one by violence, profaning the sacred temples, and carrying desolation into the royal palace, the towns, and the villages. I will, however, endeavour to secure your personal safety and subsistence, and will take the most effectual measures for your speedy transportation to France, &c."
Moorish State Paper relative to Spain. PROCLAMATION. Courage to the Christians; and to show that we know all.
UNFORTUNATE CHRISTIANS, Ala shows his approbation of you in several ways. You were first oppressed by a tyrant avaricious of money, who robbed my cousin Charles of his treasures, and you of your blood. He fell, and you acted very wrong not to treat him with Zarra Zarra, which is as much as to say, not to cut off his head. Why did you not do so? Because you were asleep. Since that time you have met with another tyrant, ambitious of kingdoms, and he deprived my cousin Charles of his throne, including in the privation of all his race, in order to keep the possession himself, and to come before much lapse of time to deprive me also of my throne.
Arouse Christians! Ah, French Dog, why did you give opium to the Christians, to get possession of the principal persons, and to effect your entry without exciting apprehension? Why did you not enter sword in hand that your objects may be seen, and the Christians may treat you with Zarra Zarra. Christians, you have lost time! Desert this tyrant, as you regard yourselves. Let Seville be loyal, brave and firm in doing justice! Christians! attack these dogs, and defend the kingdom for the son of my cousin; and let that curish nation be abhorred for ever. Courage brave Christians! attack them, and let Ala the Great assist you. I entreat you to defend your kingdom, for my cousin, and for the Englishmen likewise. Let all nations see this, in order that they may know who the French Dog is, and that they may rise against him. Sleep no more, Christians! Noble Junta of Seville, do strict and severe justice on every traitor towards the son of my cousin, and may Ala reward you. ALI MAHOMET.
Tetuan, June 10. * God. + The Prince of Peace.
WASHINGTON, Oct. 5. The Secretary of War arrived here on Monday. The ship American from Amsterdam has arrived at Wilmington, and on board of her Mr. Baker, the messenger that went out with the St. Michaels. The American left Amsterdam the 18th of August. We do not learn that she brings any important intelligence, except relative to Spain and Portugal. This information was obtained while at sea, early in September, from an English vessel, which stated
that Sir Arthur Wellesley after a severe engagement had taken the whole of Junot's army, that the Russian fleet had likewise surrendered, that Lisbon was in possession of the English, and that Joseph had retreated from Madrid to Burgos.
We understand there was a London paper, of the 18th of August in possession of one of the passengers on board the American, but that it was lost. It is said not to have contained any thing important.
We do not learn that the St. Michaels had left England. Our previous advices state her as being still there on the 3d of August, which was twenty-five days after her arrival. This delay cannot well be accounted for, but on the supposition of her being detained by Mr. Pinkney under the expectation of a favourite issue to the pending negotiation. National Intelligencer.
THE PUBLICK LEDGER.
MONDAY EVENING, OCTOBER 10, 1808.
By our Richmond papers received by yesterday's mail, it appears that Mr. Nourse, (and not Mr. Purviance, as was before stated) landed from the St. Michaels, at Newport Comfort, proceeded from thence to York, and passed through Richmond on Wednesday for the Federal City. The Enquirer states, that the St. Michaels left Falmouth the eleventh, and L'Orient the twenty-first of August. It appears that the emperor of France had returned to Paris, not covered with glory, but with infamy, and his brother Don Joseph I. (and last of the Corsican line we expect) will soon be with his royal brother, provided his affectionate subjects of Spain will part with him, of which some doubt appears, as on his flight from Madrid, he had been compelled to shut himself up in Burgos.
The accounts received at New-York from Cadiz, published in this day's paper, are highly interesting. They confirm the surrender of Junot; the flight of Joseph Buonaparte from Madrid, and the continued successes of the Spanish patriots, whose cause is advocated (as appears by the proclamation in this paper) even by the Moors. In America only, the land of liberty, does hostility to the cause of the Spaniards and Portuguese, which is cause of national independence, and national justice, appear to exist.
In reviewing the affairs of Europe, the mind is filled with astonishment, and the events which are passing before us, more resemble fable than history. The reverse in the affairs of France has exceeded all that has passed since the commencement of her revolution, when we compare the magnitude of the events with the shortness of the time. In little more than two months, two nations have been delivered from the dominion of Napoleon, nothing short of one hundred thousand of his bravest troops, have fallen by the sword and disease, or have been forced to surrender themselves prisoners of war. France and her ally, Russia, have lost 15 sail of the line with 6 frigates & nearly ten thousand seamen. Austria appears will be soon added to her enemies, and another combination in the north of Europe, take place. The war if renewed in the north of Europe, will be definitive of the fate of those powers in that section of Europe, they will recover their independence, and put a period to that tyranny, which threatens the whole civilized world, or become the most abject of slaves. Every thing which has come to our knowledge promises a glorious result.
In several of the ministerial papers, and some others, we notice articles, which indicate that the embargo will certainly be raised at the meeting of congress. We hope this will be the case, but we see nothing to induce us to believe it will, except our administration recede from the ground it has taken. No relaxation has been made in France, and we all know that the revocation of the British orders, are dependent on the rescinding of the French decrees. We for our own parts believe, that these reports and surmises are intended to operate at the approaching elections.
The London Merchants it appears, did not relish the health of our President, upon a late occasion. Let those cits keep themselves cool until we can meet in our Wigwams, on St. Tammany's day, and we will give them a specimen of toast-drinking, that shall keep them quiet in future.
DIED —On the 28th ult. at Fincastle, Va. GENERAL WILLIAM MOSELEY, Treasurer of this State.
On Wednesday last, Mrs. FENWICK, spouse of Wm. Fenwick, Esq. of Manchester.
HALEY, the pirate, it will never be forgotten, is now on a voyage to France, as Mr. Jefferson's special messenger, with dispatches for Napoleon's government. That he will be punished, should he fall into the hands of the British, or go to England with the vessel on her return, as the National Intelligencer tells us he will, no reasonable being can doubt. May it not have been originally calculated, that his punishment might be made the means of embarrassing the two countries, by the pretext, that though a pirate and robber, he is now purified and rendered, intangible by the publick trust and official character conferred upon him deliberately by an American President! I say deliberately, because, although the appointment is endeavoured to be extenuated upon the plea of Haley being unknown, it will be shown that no ignorance prevailed. To say nothing of the improbability of giving dispatches of importance into unknown hands, Haley's conduct was laid before congress in a report of the secretary of state, whilst Mr. Jefferson was vice-president, and was as familiarly known to him, as it was to the underwriters at Lloyd's, who lost half a million by
Haley's villainy. The following is extracted from a volume of dispatches printed by order of government, and extensively circulated in the year 1799, page 33.
Extract of a letter from Rufus King, Esq. minister of the United States in London, dated September 3, 1798, to the secretary of state of the United States.
"The presence for this arrest, [the decree of the directory of July 31st] is of a piece with the vindication of Talleyrand respecting X. Y. and Z. and the justice and sincerity of the directory should be ascertained, not by their word, but by the following cotemporaneous fact."
Haley, an American citizen, master of the American ship Hare, lying in the port of London, laden with a rich cargo, the property of Americans, and bound to New-York, went with my passport from London to Paris, where, in a personal interview, not with the agents of the minister of marine, but with the minister himself, he disclosed his plan of bringing the ship Hare and her cargo into France; and to enable him to receive the profits of the fraud, without risking the punishment of piracy, he demanded and received from the minister of marine, a commission naming him the commander of a privateer that did not exist; with which in his pocket, he returned to London; and soon after carried the ship Hare and her cargo as a prize into France.
"The ship and cargo were both claimed by the American owners; and upon the unveiling of this insidious proceeding before the lower tribunals, the judges hesitated; and finally refused to sanction so unheard of a fraud; though instead of restoring the property to its lawful owners, they on some frivolous pretence adjudged both ship and cargo to be good prize to the nation. Lately, the tribunal in the last resort, upon the appeal of Haley, has reversed the judgment of the lower court, and decreed the ship and cargo to be condemned as good prize to this renegade."
"If a transaction more grossly corrupt and infamous has occurred in the West-Indies I have not heard of it—and yet with this case of unequalled infamy and corruption before them, sanctioned by the highest tribunals of the nation, the directory expect to amuse us with a disavowal of the conduct of a few subaltern agents, in a remote part of their dominions!!"
SPORTING INTELLIGENCE.
The Fairfield Jockey Club Races commenced on Monday the third instant:
1st day—A Sweepstakes for 3 years old—200 dollars each, half forfeit, two mile heats. Wm. R. Johnson's g c Trueblue, by Trueblue, 1 1 Wade Mosby's s c by Diomed, 0 2 2 Ancher Randolph's b c Sir Archy, by Diomed, 2 3 3 Col. Holcomb's g c by Druid, 3 2 dis Thomas Watkins's b c by Diomed, 4 4 dis Esme Smock's g c Treasurer, by Diomed, 5 dis Miles Selden's b c Wrangler, by do. 6 dis Time, 3m 56s—3m 57a—4m 7s.
2d day—Annual Sweepstakes, for three years old—2 mile heats—100 dollars each. W. R. Johnson's b c Citizen, by Citizen, 2 1 1 Wade Mosby's c h by Diomed, 1 2 2 Wm. Ball's b c by Diomed, 3 3 dis Time, 4m 13s—4m 7s—3m 69s.
3d day—Jockey Club Purse of 500 dollars—four mile heats. W. R. Johnson's s g Donquixote, by Don, 4 years old, 3 3 1 1 Wm. Ball's b m by Diomed, 4 years old, 2 1 2 3 J. Hoome's ch h Tom Tough, 4 years old, 4 4 3 Wade Mosby's b g Commodore, by Spread Eagle, 6 years old, 6 5 4 Ralph Wormley's ch h Sump, the Dealer, by Diomed, 5 years old, 1 2 dis Collier Harrison's b h Diswiddle, by Diomed, 4 years old, 3 6 dis Time, 8m 15s—8m 4s—8m 12s—8m 30s. Mr. Mosby's and Mr. Hoome's horses not permitted to start in the fourth heat, agreeably to the rules of the club, in consequence of their not having won one of the three heats.
4th day—A Sweepstakes—3 years old—100 dollars each, half forfeit. Joseph Bailey's ro f by Diomed, 1 1 E. Smock's ch f by do. 2 2 J. Hoome's s f by Archduke, dis The racing this season at Fairfield has been equal, if not superior to any ever before seen in Virginia.
Gazette Marine Memoranda.
ARRIVED. Schr. Adventure, Town, 5 days from Philadelphia. Schr. Mary, Evans, 4 days from Rhode-Island. Schr. Emily, Burnham, 5 days from New-York. Schr. Harmony, Tunnel, 3 days from Philadelphia.
THEATRE.
By Particular Desire On Wednesday Evening, October 12, The Thespian Society will repeat Coleman's admired Comedy of, I know not what THE POOR GENTLEMAN. To which will be added the facetious Farce of TOO MANY COOKS. With some other entertainments, which will be expressed in the bills of the day. Doors to be opened at half past 5 o'Clock, and the performance to commence at half past 6 precisely. Oct. 5.
Richard Jeffrey & Co. No. 66, Main-Street, corner of Bank-Street, have just received from London, per the ship Planter, An assortment of MEDICINES, of the first quality, and 000 000 000 A few hundred weight refined San Pedro, Hardman's Snuff, No. 9, and 37, in 1-2 and 3-4 pound canisters. Musk, Benzoin, Windsor and Shaving Soap, and so on. Evan's and Crown Lancafs, Tooth Powders of various kinds, Refined Licquorice, &c. They have on hand, and are in daily expectation of receiving from Amsterdam, all kinds of GLASS WARE, suitable to Apothecaries. MEDICINE CHESTS for ships, and family use, with printed directions, put up as usual.

The Norfolk & Portsmouth Races,
OVER THE NEW DITCHED-IN COURSE.
WILL commence on Tuesday, the 1st of November, free for any horse, &c. except those which B. Wilke may be interested in. New-Market Weights.
FIRST DAY,
A Sweepstake, one mile heats, for all ages, by Horses in the adjoining counties.
SECOND DAY,
A Purse of 400 dollars, four mile heats, entrance 30 dollars.
THIRD DAY,
A Purse of 100 dollars, one mile heats, with catch riders, the best 3 in 5, Entrance 10 dollars.
FOURTH DAY,
A Sweepstake for three years old colts and fillies, carrying 86 lbs. on each, two mile heats, 100 dollars entrance, to close the evening of the first day's running. There are four or five expected to enter for this race.
The expectation of completing the amount of the Jockey Club Subscription, has prevented the advertising those races earlier: it has, however, been generally understood when they would be, and as that subscription expresses particularly that the races shall be on the above days, the prospects are such as to induce a belief it will be made up by the time.
The Gentlemen Sportsmen are informed, that the Purse will amount to the same in either case, and the money hung up before starting.
Good Stables and Litter near the ground found gratis, and every kind of forage at the lowest price.
The ground is considerably improved since the Spring, and it will be made equal to any course on the continent.
Racers and their Horses will be free of toll. Entrance to be made with col. Kemp, at the Exchange, in the usual way.
R. H. COCKE, & Co.
October 6, 1808.
Norfolk and Portsmouth Races
Commences on Tuesday the first of November, over Christian's Race Course.
First Day, a Sweepstake for Horses belonging to Norfolk County only, except otherwise agreed on by those gentlemen who have already entered horses—Entrance 10 dollars—the proprietor to put up 40 dollars—each horse to carry 100 pounds.
Second Day, 4 mile heats, Purse 400 dollars—entrance 30 dollars—New-Market rules to govern—free for any horse except the celebrated horse Potowmack, belonging to Mr. Burwell Wilkes.
Third Day, the Ladies' Purse of 100 dollars—mile heats—carrying a feather—the winner to win three heats—entrance 10 dollars—distance 90 yards.
Fourth Day, two mile heats—Purse 200 dollars—entrance 30 dollars.
Fifth Day, a give and take Sweepstake, mile heats—entrance 50 dollars.
EDWARD NEWMAN, Proprietor.
September 19.
PATENT ILLUMINATORS,
OR
Sky Lights for Shipping, &c.
Giving a more general light than the common Sky-Light, with one half the expense; and are equally applicable to the state-room, steerage and forecastle, as in the cabin—they are neither liable to break or be damaged by the common traffic of the deck.
The Patent BINNACLE ILLUMINATOR is now completed, and is much approved of by those gentlemen who have seen the effect of it. The compass in the binnacle and the cabin being both lighted by one light placed in the cabin.
Orders for the above will be received at No. 77, Main-Street, by
E. Sturtevant, Agent.
N. B. The Patent Binnacle Illuminator will be lighted This Evening on board the Schooner Ann Gardner, for publick inspection.
October 3.
JUST PUBLISHED,
And for Sale at the Book-Stores of Bonsall, Conrad, & Co. and A. C. Jordan, & Co.
Illustrations of PROPHECY.
In the course of which are elucidated many predictions, which occur in Isaiah and Daniel, in the writings of the Evangelists and the Books of Revelation; and which are thought to foretel, among other great events,
A Revolution in France,
Favorable to the interests of mankind; the overthrow of the Papal Power, and of Ecclesiastical Tyranny; the downfall of Despotism, and the subsequent melioration of the state of the world; together with a large collection of extracts, interspersed through the work, and taken from numerous commentators, and particularly from Joseph Mede, Virgilius, Dr. Thomas Goodwin, Dr. Henry More, Dr. John Owen, Dr. Cressner, Peter Jurieu, Bruius, Bishop Chandler, Sir Isaac Newton, Mr. William Lowth, Fleming, Bengelius, Vaubuz, Whitby, Lowman, Bishop Newton, and Bishop Hurd.
By the Rev. Joseph Towers, L. L. D.
First American edition. In 2 vols. 8vo. price 5 dollars in Boards.
October 5.
FOR SALE,
On board the Brig George,
3000 Bushels Turk's-Island SALT.
Also in Store,
350 boxes white and brown Cuba Sugar, 100 sacks Liverpool Salt, 100 barrels Herring and Shad, 2 pipes and 3 hogsheads Old L. P. Madeira Wine, 2 new puncheons Old Antigua Rum, 80 boxes Spanish Segars, 26 do. Raisins, 25 do. 12 by 10 Window Glass, Green Coffee in bags, and Muscovado Sugar in barrels.
FRANCIS SMITH.
October 5.
WANTED TO HIRE,
A few Ship Carpenters and Axe-men. Application to be made to the printer.
Oct. 3.
FOR SALE by the Subscriber,
10,000 bushels coarse SALT,
12,000 pounds Green Coffee in bds and bags, 4 pipes and 3 bds. choice Old Madeira Wine, A few hogsheads St. Kitt's Old Rum, New-York Anchor Gin in pipes—and Hibbert's best London bottled Porter, in casks of 6 1-2 dozen each.
Robert Maitland.
September 28.
Phoenix Fire-Office, Norfolk.
NOTICE.
The following Policies issued from this Office expire in the month of October next viz.
  283,003 283,142 283,149   6 143 150   10 144 151   12 145 152   17 146 153   140 147 154   141 148 
Richard Taylor, Agent.
September 28.
FOR SALE,
12,000 bushels fine Liverpool SALT,
By Moses Myers.
Who has now landed, and will continue to have a constant Supply of Superfine FLOUR, of new wheat for family use, from the Mayo Mill.
September 4.
LOTTERY OFFICE.
LOTTERY TICKETS FOR SALE
IN THE
Philadelphia Grand Lotteries,
BY R. H. HUGHES, No. 69, CHESNUT-STREET.
SCHEME OF A LOTTERY For the Universalist Church,
Authorised by an Act of the General Assembly of the State of Pennsylvania, passed the first day of February, 1808.
  1 prize of 15,000 dollars is 15,000   1 do. of 10,000 10,000   1 do. of 5,000 5,000   1 do. of 4,000 4,000   1 do. of 3,000 3,000   2 do. of 2,000 4,000   3 do. of 1,000 3,000   6 do. of 500 3,000   6 do. of 400 2,400   10 do. of 300 3,000   20 do. of 200 4,000   40 do. of 100 4,000   100 do. of 50 5,000   3,516 do. of 12 42,192   3,708 197,592 
6 Stationary.
  3,714   First drawn blank first day's drawing 1,000   Do. when 1,500 tickets shall be drawn 1,000   Do. 3,000 do. 1,000   Do. 5,000 do. 2,000   Do. 8,000 do. 2,000   First drawn blank on the last day's drawing 10,000 
12,460 tickets at 10 dollars 124,600 124,592 Subject to a deduction of 15 per cent. Tickets at $ 11.
THE SECOND CLASS OF THE Holy Trinity Church Lottery.
State of the Wheel.
  1 prize of $ 10,000   2 do. of 5,000   1 do. of 4,000   1 do. of 2,000   8 do. of 1,000   4 do. of 500   8 do. of 300   16 do. of 200   26 do. of 100   75 do. of 50   155 do. of 20   And a proportionate number of smaller prizes.   Tickets $ 8. 
Bustleton and Smithfield Turnpike Road Company.
Scheme on an improved plan entirely different from any other.
  HENRY PRATT, Esq. President.   1 prize of 15,000 dollars is 15,000   1 do. of 5,000 5,000   1 do. of 2,000 2,000   2 do. of 1,000 2,000   11 do. of 500 5,500   20 do. of 250 5,000   40 do. of 200 8,000   70 do. of 100 7,000   100 do. of 50 5,000   100 do. of 30 3,000   100 do. of 25 2,500   102 do. of 20 2,040   864 do. of 15 12,960 
7,500 Tickets at 10 dollars each, is 75,000 Subject to a deduction of 15 per cent. For the convenience of the publick, half tickets will be provided by the managers, and signed as the whole tickets. Prizes payable in Cash at the Bank of the United States, on the next day after each drawing day. The whole Lottery will be drawn in fourteen days; and to save expense, only as many numbers will be drawn as there are prizes; the residue will of course be blanks.
USEFUL ARTS LOTTERY.
  CASH PRIZES.   1 Prize of 10,000 dollars is 10,000   2 do. of 5,000 10,000   5 do. of 1,000 5,000   10 do. of 500 5,000   10 do. of 200 2,000   40 do. of 100 4,000   100 do. of 50 5,000   200 do. of 20 4,000   500 do. of 10 5,000 
Subject to a deduction of 15 per cent. This Lottery offers one of the best opportunities for adventurers, that may ever occur again, as all the large prizes are yet in the wheel, and only fourteen days to draw—and tickets at the low price of 2 dollars, but will soon advance to 3. N. B. All the above Lotteries will be finished this fall. Persons wishing to become adventurers, shall receive the greatest encouragement at this office. Letters post paid, enclosing bank notes of any state, shall be punctually attended to, directed to No. 69, Chesnut-Street.
R. H. HUGHES. Good endorsed notes at 60 days, will be taken in payment for tickets, and cash given for prizes the day after they are drawn, at the usual discount. Philadelphia, September 12.
LABOURERS WANTING.
The President and Directors of the Dismal Swamp Canal Company want to hire for the ensuing season, a number of Hands to work on the Canal; they will be provided with good wholesome food, and the usual quantity of whiskey per diem—liberal wages will be given, and their wages paid at the end of every month. Apply to
Richard Blow, William Cummack, or Samuel Proctor, Overseer.
September 12.
Fifty Dollars Reward.
RAN-AWAY from the Subscriber on the 26th December last, a Mulatto Man named TONEY, a Blacksmith by trade; he is about 24 years of age, 5 feet 10 inches high—had on when he went away a dark cloth suit out of coat and pantaloons—his right foot has been broken, which causes him to limp, and is much larger than the other—He travelled in the stage from Edenton to Suffolk, the 28th December last. I have understood he went by the name of Benjamin James while in Suffolk—I expect he will endeavour to pass as a free man. The above reward will be given to any person who will secure him in any jail so that I get him again, and all reasonable charges paid if delivered to me in Plymouth, North-Carolina.
JOHN WALKER.
August 26.
J. & W. SOUTHGATE,
OFFER FOR SALE, For Cash or short credit, at their Store, No. 1, corner of Commerce and Main-Streets, A General Assortment of GOODS, suitable to the present and approaching season; AMONG WHICH ARE, Superfine Cloths and Cassimeres, 6-4 and 7-4 coarse Cloths, Flannels, Baizes, Coatings, Thicksets, Corduroys, Blankets, Plains, Halfthicks, Scarlet Cardinals, &c. &c. Kendal Cottons in assorted bales, Coarse Hats in assorted boxes, Nails and Spikes of all sizes, F and FF glazed Powder and Shot—Also, 200 good Bacon Hams, 30 kegs Lard, 60 barrels Smithfield Apple Brandy, 100 sacks Liverpool fine Salt, 60 barrels very white Allum Salt, 80 barrels good Coffee, Likewise, 2 grand and 6 small fine toned PIANO FORTES. And a handsome English made GIG and HARNESS, almost new. September 21.
FOR SALE In our Ware-House, where the largest vessel can come along side, 15,000 bushels of CORN, 2000 do. do. white, 30 bales Cotton.
Also, 4000 bushels coarse SALT, 150 sacks Ground Allum do. 45 hogsheads old Antigua Rum, do. Jamaica do. 40 hogsheads Sugar, 80 barrels do. A few casks excellent Port Wine, Coffee in hogsheads, Madeira Wine, 45 crates Earthenware, Tobacco from several inspections. GEO. MURRAY, & Co.
September 9.
At a Court held for Northampton County, the 11th day of July, 1808.
Thomas D. Sinkins and William Sinkins, an infant by Thomas D. Sinkins, his guardian, Against Coventon Sinkins, John Sinkins, John Brickhouse, Junior, and George Lewis, The complainants having filed their bill more than three months, and the court being satisfied that Coventon Sinkins one of the defendants, is out of this commonwealth, it is ordered, that the said Coventon Sinkins do enter his appearance to this suit on the first day of November Court next, and give security for performing the decree that may be made in this case, or the Court will on that day proceed in the suit in like manner as if an appearance had been entered; and it is further ordered, that a copy of this order be posted at the front door of the Court-House of this County, and published in the Publick Ledger for two months successively. Teste, Thomas L. Savage, Clerk.
At a Court held for Norfolk County, the 11th day of July, 1808.
Alexander Love, Against Alexander Falconer, and John Hamill. The Defendant Falconer, not having entered his appearance, and given security according to the Act of Assembly and the rules of this Court, and it appearing to the satisfaction of this Court that he is not an inhabitant of this Commonwealth: on the motion of the Plaintiff by his Counsel, it is ordered that the said defendant do appear here on the first day of November Court next, and answer the bill of the Plaintiff, and that a copy of this order be forthwith inserted in some Newspaper of the Borough of Norfolk for two months successively, and posted at the front door of the Court-House of this County. A Copy, Teste, Wm. Wilson, Jun. C. N. C.
NOW LANDING On our Wharf, and for Sale on a liberal credit, from on board the British Schooner Commerce, Capt. Collins, from Jamaica, A Cargo of high proof RUM. C. & F. Whittle.
September 2.
WILLIAMSBURG, August 22, 1808.
To all whom it may concern, be it known, that the mercantile house of GREENHOW & COLE is this day dissolved. The Subscriber will dispose of His well assorted Stock in Trade, on terms specified in the Enquirer, of Richmond, under this date; and if not Sold before the first day of October next by wholesale, they will be retailed (nothing preventing) at very reduced prices for CASH ONLY. 16t. RO. GREENHOW.
FOR SALE, SACK SALT, For Sale by MOSES MYERS. September 7.
Turk's-Island SALT, For Sale on board the Brig Experiment, at Gosport, by William Dickson. September 21.
FOR SALE, 3000 bushels Turk's-Island SALT, Now on board the Sloop Juliana, Capt. Stowe. Also, 21,000 feet MAHOGANY, A few puncheons Old Antigua Rum, New do. Molasses, Sugars, Indian Meal in barrels. John Granbery. September 21.
TAKEN UP A-DRIFT, On the 22d inst. in the bay below Willoughby Point, a small MOSES BUILT BOAT, bottom up—The owner may have the same by proving property and paying charges. Apply to JAMES GILBERT, schooner Rising States, Campbell's wharf. September 26.
FALL GOODS.
Richard and John Taylor, Have received by the Ship Hero, from Liverpool, part of their FALL SUPPLY, and are in daily expectation of the remainder by the next arrivals, to compleat their assortment, consisting of Kendal Cottons, Kerseys, Rose and Striped Blankets, Flannels, Baizes, Yorkshire Plains, Halfthicks, 5-4 and 6-4 Cloths, do. Coatings, Bearskins and Fries, Carpets and Carpeting, Pipes, Coppers, Nails, Spikes, Powder and Shot. Also, an extensive assortment of Fine and Fancy Goods, Manchester, Cutlery and Hardware, all of which they will sell by the package, piece, or retail, on very low terms for Cash or approved Paper. They have likewise for Sale, Prime Carolina Pork and Lard, Old Jamaica Rum, and a few bales of Twilled Sacking. September 16.
THE SUBSCRIBER Wishes to Sell, and will Sell or Rent on moderate terms, That very excellent Wharf and Lot, in the town of Gosport, at present occupied by William Smith; the Wharf, Ware-Houses, and Dwelling-House are all in good repair. Thirteen Lots in the Town of Suffolk; And the following Property in Norfolk, Two good Fire-Proof Warehouses on the Eastern side of Commerce-Street, Nos 4 and 6. Two Dwelling-Houses and Lots on Boush-street, in good repair, and very pleasantly situated. Apply to John Granbery. September 14.
MACKINDER & WHITE, Will give CASH for 5000 bushels good White CORN. And offer for Sale, Hollands Gin, Country do. Muscovado Sugar, Prime Smithfield and Carolina Pork, Fresh Imperial, Hyson, and Young Hyson Teas, Also, A general assortment of Dry Goods, which they will sell on the lowest terms, for cash or approved Notes. WANTED, About eight likely HANDS, to whom liberal wages will be given. Apply as above. September 12.