The Patowmac guardian, and Berkeley advertiser (Shepherdstown, Va. [W. Va.]), 1793-07-22 00:00:00

From the NEW-YORK JOURNAL, &c.
CURSORY THOUGHTS ON FRENCH AFFAIRS.
No. IV.
On the DEFECTION OF DUMOURIER.
THERE is a great curiosity in mankind to know minutely, the history of those who are infamous for their vices, as well as of those who are celebrated for their virtues. I remember to have read with eagerness, when a boy, the history of the highwaymen who formerly infested Ireland; and that among the rest, Redman O'Hanly drew my particular attention, as being the most expert and successful villain of them all. From this principle a history of Dumourier, the late General of the French army, is very desirable, and would afford a melancholy and instructive lesson on the depravity of human nature. But the materials are not yet in our power; if they were, it is contrary to my present design to produce them.
The motives which induced this man to desert the cause of his country cannot be certainly known. It is not to be supposed, that the reasons which he has made public are the true ones. They are only the plausible excuses which every traitor holds out to ensnare others, and, if possible, to satisfy his own mind. When Arnold attempted to deliver West Point into the hands of the enemy, he pretended, that he designed the public good, and to restore peace to his distressed country. When Duche impudently solicited, by letter, General Washington to forsake his army, he put on the strongest appearance of disinterested patriotism. Dumourier has just adopted the common cant, and when he speaks fair, there are seven abominations in his heart — Why did he not see these things before? Why did he take command of the army after Fayette? Why did he so long speak and act as a republican? If, on a sudden, his sentiments changed, why did he dare to dictate to the nation, and strive to turn their army against them? Who made him judge? Who gave him authority to revert to a constitution which was exploded, and to force it upon his fellow citizens? No reason can be given which will justify him. Nothing appears to rescue his name from infamy.
If we impute his conduct to the power of a bribe, how base must that soul be, which, for the revenues of all the despots in Europe, would betray the dearest interests of his country! "Millions of worlds would never buy me to be like that traitor."
Nor will the clamours which might have been raised against him, when he became unpopular in their nation, their factions and insurrections, the actions which he feared, and the danger of his life, in the least excuse him. Such things he had to expect from the beginning, and if conscious of his own innocence, he ought to have been superior to them all. A patriot had rather be borne down by jealousy and faction than commit what is dishonorable; he had rather be buried in the ruins of his country than forsake her in the hour of distress. — But Dumourier never was a patriot. He is a coward and traitor. Whatever may be his talents and his military exploits, by this one action, his fame is tarnished forever. It would be easy to show, that his former successes were little owing to him, and that his military character was extolled beyond its desert; but suppose him extolled so much, he is destitute of true greatness of soul, and has fallen, never to rise again.
It is now certain, that the treachery of this man is a matter of no serious consequence to France, and will not effect the success of the revolution. He has drawn with him a very small part of the army, which is a new evidence of the union and firmness of the people. To the combined armies he is a trifling acquisition. To France he is no loss, for she is rich in more skillful generals, and infinitely more honest men. Indeed the probability is, that better men will now fill every department than did under the monarchy when birth and favour had so much influence. Let Dumourier go then, to wander like Cain, with an accusing conscience, perhaps to be a valet de chambre to some German prince; perhaps, in despair, to be his own executioner. France, thrown by him into a momentary consternation and tumult, assumes new vigor, organizes her armies, and stands immovable in the cause of mankind and of heaven.
No. V.
On the Part which BRITAIN has taken.
WAR is so dreadful a calamity, that no nation ought to engage in it without the most evident necessity. No war can be justified but what is merely defensive. The late war of America against Britain, and that which France now wages against the despots in Europe, are of this sort — strictly a defence of life, liberty and property. Since the be-
ginning of the world, especially since the spread of Christianity, there never was a more unwarrantable, wicked, and daring war, than what certain kings, at this day, are carrying on against France. What is the object of it? To re-instate the Bourbon family on the throne; to establish a monarchical form of government, in opposition to the sentiments and wishes of the nation. That man has not common sense and common honesty, who does not acknowledge the horrid injustice of such a war: — That man has not the feelings of a man, who does not swell with indignation at the thought. Should a stranger break into my house, and assume the government of it, or insist that it be governed according to his pleasure, I would be justified in shooting him through the head.
In this abominable war, Britain is an accomplice. What her ostensible reasons are, I shall not stay to enquire. It is well known that she infringed treaty with France, insulted her, and obliged her, in self defence, to declare war. The memory of the former conduct of Britain toward America is too fresh to persuade us, that she is over scrupulous in these matters, or to give us any good opinion of her politics. She seems as infatuated and wicked as ever she was.
It has been conjectured, that a secret reason why Britain has sought occasion for this war, is, that she might engage the attention of her people, and prevent a revolution at home; that with so powerful a combination, France would soon be subdued, and the credit of monarchy restored. If any such thoughts influenced the king and ministry, they must be allowed not to be very pure; and, in my opinion, shame and disappointment will be the issue. — France is unconquerable — Britain will be sunk with debt, and a revolution there will be unavoidable. Her present conduct may delay, but it will make a revolution more certain and thorough.
Had she, instead of entering into this war, began the reformation in her own constitution so often asked and so much needed, she had acted a wise and salutary part. But it seems, that those once possessed with power will never part with it until it be wrested from them. What might have been done with unanimity and peace, is, by their obstinacy, finished, at last, with commotion and bloodshed. The outlines of the British constitution are good, and it needs only to have its abuses corrected; abuses, which, if not corrected, will eventually destroy it altogether. Many years ago, Chatham, that great and enlightened statesman, proposed a remedy, but this, and his attempt to retain America, were both fruitless. The ministry, like adders, stopped their ears against the charmer, though he charmed most wistly.
I conclude with repeating, that war is ever to be considered as a most dreadful calamity to mankind; and I beg leave to add, that when the governments in the world become republican, and not until then shall we see an end of it. There is a time, when nation shall not lift up a sword against nation, neither shall they learn war any more. Previous to this, despots shall be hurled from their thrones, man shall enjoy his just rights and assume his native dignity. If then there shall be such a time, and tyranny be a great obstruction, its downfall is begun in France, and we reasonably believe, will be extended throughout the world.
No. VI.
On POLITICAL LYING.
WE can place little dependance on the accounts which we receive by the English papers, concerning France. Some of them are downright falsehoods, and when there is a little truth, it is so mixed, or discoloured, as to give no just representation. Because there are some who disbelieve the Christian religion, the French have been represented as a nation of atheists; because there are a few violent members in the convention, and there is, at times, a little disorder, as will happen in all large bodies, the convention has been called a mob; because there have been riots in which lives have been lost, and the disaffected, in some parts, have excited insurrection, the people have been represented as in a state of constant tumult and confusion. In short, were we to believe all, France is streaming with blood, and counter-revolution is unavoidable.
It may well seem strange, that all this confusion should exist, and the convention still sit in deliberation, no counter-revolution yet take place, and France maintain her ground against numerous surrounding enemies. The accounts are evidently not true: Indeed persons worthy of credit who have been in France, and were eye witnesses of many transactions which have been painted to us as so disorderly and cruel, declare, that the accounts are false, or greatly exaggerated.
It would be unfair to say, that all the falsehoods contained in the English papers were intended; but many of them are fabricated in order to set the
French in a hateful light, and to inspire the people with notions of justice and success in the war against them. One of the crimes which is bred in monarchical governments is, that those who administer do not scruple to invent and propagate lies to answer certain purposes. Though there be cases in which we are under no obligation to reveal the truth, yet all found moralists agree, that when we profess to speak it, we should strictly adhere. Let politicians think what they please, it never can be necessary to violate so sacred a thing as truth, in order to govern men; or, if it be, such government is in itself wicked. If a nation must be deceived before they will adopt a measure, the measure ought never to be adopted, and if rulers attempt such a deception, it is high time to look out for others. To say that falsehood is necessary, is to say, that the almighty parent hath placed us in such circumstances as to oblige us to break his laws.
The practice of telling lies is not only wicked, but it very impolitic. In a short time they are detected, and a known liar will not be believed even when he speaks the truth. There is danger too, that truth and falsehood will change sides, and the people, if they believe any thing, believe contrary to what is intended. When it is said, that the French are beaten, it will be believed that they have conquered; and when it is said, that the combined armies have gained a glorious victory in which the Duke of York greatly distinguished himself, it will be believed that they are shamefully defeated, and that the Duke of York's horse ran away with him. For my own part, the story of Dumourier's defection was repeated several times before I could believe it, merely because of former lies; as well as that, like the tories in the American war, I did not wish to believe any thing which made against me. I long hoped, that it was the English way of telling that Dumourier had taken Amsterdam.
What purpose did all the lies, industriously propagated against the Americans, answer? What purpose, but to shock with disappointment those who gave credit to them? Were we represented to be savages living in scattered huts? They found us acquainted with the arts and enjoying the conveniences of life. Were we called cowards? They found us men in whatever field they dare to face us. Did the Hessian soldiers bring over their ploughs, and the good women their churns in order to sit down on a farm? They were glad to carry them back. Was our army, said to be officered by planters, shoemakers and weavers? It beat an army officered by lords, knights and earls.
Thus shall it be, my readers, with France. Soon will all the lies we hear be discovered. From those we have already discovered, let us be cautious in believing others. Of some things we are sure. We are sure that the French, as a nation, are united; we are sure that their resources are great; we are sure that they will fight; and we trust, that under the Almighty King, for our own sakes, and that for the sake of humanity, they will prove victorious.
From the INDEPENDENT CHRONICLE.
A PARAGRAPH writer in the centinel of the 12th inst. says, "that notwithstanding British privateers treat the American flag with disrespect, their ships of war and frigates, pay us the highest homage." This writer is requested to give instances, where these circumstances, as it respects the latter, have taken place; for we believe he will be somewhat puzzled for proofs of any uncommon respect paid the American flag, even by British ships of war.
But admitting this to be the fact, we feel ourselves under no particular obligations to the British for such partial respect. As a nation, we have a right to be treated with the greatest respect and attention, not only by ships of war but by privateers. We ask no favors of Britain, being intitled to the rights and privileges of a neutral and sovereign nation. Though it may satisfy some to compromise upon the terms of being disrespectfully treated by their privateers, while their ships of war pay us a decent homage, yet it is believed that even a "proclamation" will not keep our citizens from resenting such insult, should the British practice much longer their insolence.
We do not hear of any subjects of England being confined in goal, in consequence of their behaviour towards us; but we are so madly attached to the British nation, that Americans are to suffer the most ignominious punishment for entering on board French privateers. When we consider the interruption of our commerce, the insolence of British privateers, and the indignity offered the American flag, we cannot reconcile to our feelings a submission to such arrogant conduct; more especially can we suppress our indignation, when we observe our citizens confined in goal, merely to keep up the dis-

endeavouring, by means of every pickarooning vil- lain , to embarrass our trade, and to affront our sail- ors; while we are bound to withhold our resent- ment, by the terrors of a gaol.
There is nothing now wanting, but to inspire the Americans with a national pride. Let us remem- ber we are not colonies—but that we have taken our rank in the political world as a nation . We have fought for our freedom, and by our prowess and valor, we have made Britain submit to our claims, and acknow- ledge our sovereignty and independence. When we consider ourselves in this respectable light, what have we to fear, or rather what power under Hea- ven dare insult us with impunity; is the nation of Bri- tain, whom we have conquered, to do it? are they to insult our flag, or to licence a set of piratical pri- vateers to embarrass our trade, and abuse our sea- men?
The nation of Great Britain!—Sound it—does it jingle more sonorous than the nation of the Uni- ted States? The nation of Great Britain! Compare it, does it stand on a more respectable footing, than the nation of the United States? Are we reduced in our finances in any way equal with her? Are our merchants bankrupts? Are our tradesmen wander- ing about the streets for want of employ? Are our farmers groaning under the oppression of taxes? Is our government reduced to the pitiful, disgraceful, humiliating situation of opening a loan for four months? Are we obliged to lend our public officers abroad for a loan of money at 8 per cent? Quite the reverse! We stand in every point of view, as much preferable to Great Britain, as she does to Botany Bay, the residence of her culprits.
Shall we then make court to this European pow- er, and alienate the affection of the French? Shall we so far mistake our own interest as to hazard the only European connection that seems disposed to be in alliance with us? The trade of America depends on our friendship with France. Examine the Euro- pean powers at war with her; is there one that breathes the least affection for us? On the contrary are they not our confederate enemies? admit that France should not succeed (which Heaven forbid) to whom are the United States to look for commercial support? Certainly not to Britain; for even now, amid their distresses, they assume a disposition, ini- mical to our interest and prosperity.
Let us not then be led away with the Jesuitical cant of a few contemptible pensioned aristocrates, who are lurking in the several states, to spread their poisonous principles. But let us, as becomes a na- tion, support our dignity and reputation; nor suf- fer any man, however shrouded under a commission of the British court, to treat our national flag with indignity.
It is but of small consideration, to the merchant, to know whether his property is seized by a priva- teer or ship of war. As a neutral nation we claim every right connected with our situation. If we continue subject to such impositions as we have al- ready experienced, we shall feel ourselves bound to support our just claims, in exercising the Rights of a free, sovereign and independent nation.
A DEMOCRAT.
Foreign Advices.
FRANCFORT, April 28.
THE French, with an eye to a diversion, having re-entered Deux-Ponts, and spread their forces from Saar-Louis to Bitche, the duke of Brunswick has pushed forward to reconnoitre the ground they oc- cupy, and was followed yesterday by the king of Prussia in person. His majesty, attended by the duke of Deux-Ponts, proceeded to Carlberg, the French having in the mean time retreated back to the heights that border on that duchy. Custine has published a proclamation, in which he en- deavours to prove, that he is not the greatest public robber in existence.
The cobbists at Mentz endeavour more than the French themselves, by every possible expedient, to prevent a capitulation; and the national deputies, to keep up the farce of delusion, have declared in a proclamation, that they expect a succour of 50,000 men. The French have plundered the peasants at Hombach, and committed every possible enormity.
General Dumourier is still at Stuttgart.
TOURNAI, May 3.
Every preparation is making to commence imme- diately the attack of Conde. The train of artille- ry is completely buffed in filling bomb shells; and the ditch and earth works are almost finished.
On the 1st instant, the French attacked the ad- vanced posts of the left wing of the combined army, but were repulsed in all their attempts. On the same morning the French also attacked the ad- vanced posts on the centre, but were there likewise re- pulsed. They suffered in these several engage- ments a considerable loss both of men and cannon.
DOVER, May 6.
There has been a very brisk engagement near Conde, last Tuesday. The French attacked the Austrian lines, and made great havoc in the prince de Ligne's regiment; but at last were defeated by general Clairfayt, who has taken 14 pieces of can- non, and a large quantity of ammunition and bag- gage. The Prussians were also attacked, and de- feated the French.
last from Corrunna, left that port the 17th May — Same day were brought too by a ship under the French National flag, who examined the Cleopatra's papers, and proved to be an English ship called the Mary of Liverpool, the Captain of which abused the Americans very much, and threatened to fire into the schooner without the least provocation. Lat. 43. 35. N. long. 60. 33. E. from Columbia, May 20th, a ship in chase, brought us too at 3, P. M. and examined our papers, then put sailors on board and ordered the captain and supercargo of the Cleopa- tra to come on board; and on the supercargo's re- monstrating against his thus treating a neutral flag, he used very abusive language to the supercargo, and ordered his people to "tumble that rascal into the boat and tie him neck and heels." He followed him into the cabin and collared him, whereupon the su- percargo took up a pistol that lay on his bed and said he would defend himself. The captain of the ship then ordered a centinel to be planted on him and some of his men, with direction to cut off his arms if he resisted. These men began to use the su- percargo with great brutality, dragging him on deck, and at length carried him on board the ship, taking with him a small trunk with his books and accounts, &c. In the mean while their men plan- dered the schooner. They allowed Capt. Willi- ams to go on board of her, but would not permit the supercargo although he was part owner, until some time after, and having treated him very ill. When he got back to the schooner, he missed his pis- tols, all the live stock, wines, silken tackle, &c. &c. The captain who was guilty of this would not tell either his own name or that of his privateer; and he had painted canvas placed over the stern to pre- vent the name being read. He carried 16 six pound- ers, yellow painted sides, and the figure of a wo- man at the head, set in the old fashion, and was cop- per-bottomed, newly mended on the larboard bow; the captain a short set man marked with the small pox, he called his ship the Diana. We left him steering westerly. 23d May were chased again by another vessel, a topsail schooner, 8 days from Bris- tol lat 42. 19. long. 52. 24. east of Columbia, bound to Anguilla."
haverians, attacked a party of two pieces of can- non, and took one of them. The further particulars of the above engagement have not yet transpired, but it seems to have been bloody, and lasted from 4, A. M. until 8, P. M.
PARIS, April 25.
Six thousand Marseillois, at the instigation of the Jacobins, are marching to this capital. You will see, in the details of the convention I enclose you, that Marat was yesterday acquitted. He lost no time in resuming his seat in the convention, whi- ther he was followed by a formidable mob, who had previously placed on his head a civic crown.
This farce will, most probably, be followed by a tragedy, on the arrival of the Marseillois, who will see Marat in the light of a much injured patriot.
LONDON, May 7.
General Custine, at the head of 20,000 men, is ready to attack the electorate of Treves, and his advanced posts are already on the electoral fron- tiers.
Letters from Poland state, that 200,000 loads of wheat have been stopped at Dantzick, which the Poles were going to send to France. The prize is estimated at 50 millions of Polish currency. It is to be sent to the combined armies.
The pope has raised a new levy of 5000 men.
Monday evening vice-admiral lord Hood arrived at Portsmouth, and immediately hoisted his flag on board the Victory, of 800 guns, at Spithead.
UNITED STATES.
BOSTON, July 3.
Capt. Oaks, in the ship Fortitude , arrived here yesterday, in 51 days from Ostend. By him we learn, that the French, at Paris, and in the coun- try, were in high spirits; appeared to be determined to defend their country to the last extremity; — and that there was not the appearance of want, in the republic — that there were reports of a battle, in which the Austrians and British were defeated, with the loss of 1200 men: — That a body of one thousand British Dragoons, marched from Ostend, to join the combined forces, the day before he sail- ed: — That a body of English land forces had arriv- ed, and some were expected — the officers of those ar- rived, expected, they said, the French would fight with more firmness than in any former wars: — That all communication with France was cut off at the time of his sailing: — And that on his passage he spoke the French frigate Bayonne , of 36 guns, that eight days before had fought a frigate of su- perior force, and had lost the Captain and 40 men.
GOOD NEWS FROM FRANCE.
Tuesday last arrived in this port the ship Forti- tude , Capt. Oaks, in 51 days from Ostend. The accounts by Capt. Oaks confirm the representa- tions we have heretofore given, of the state of affairs between the powers at war on the frontiers of France, and are highly favorable to our gallant re- publican friends in that country, notwithstanding the informations of a tory writer in last Saturday's Centinel , who has taken the utmost pains to give an unfavourable complexion to the prospects and pre- sent circumstances of the French nation.
Just before Capt. Oaks left Ostend, he was in- formed by his merchant (a gentleman of veracity) that there had been a very severe action between the English troops, commanded by the Duke of York, and a party of French, in which the former were defeated, with the loss of 1200 men. — This was, however, told him in a whisper (though it was believed to be a fact by his informant) as no disagreeable news was suffered to be published in Ostend, that place being in the hands of a British garrison, and under the same regulation and influ- ence as this town was, when the British were in possession of it. Some of the English troops march- ed out of Ostend a few days before Capt. Oaks left it, with much the same appearance that the second division marched to Charlestown, at the battle of Bunker's Hill; looking grave, and apprehensive of the catastrophe that awaits them.
Captain Oaks further informs, that no place was yet besieged, belonging to the French, though it was said that Dunkirk and Lisle would soon be in- vested by the combined troops.
NEW-YORK, July 13. SPANIARDS DEFEATED.
Accounts are received, via Corrunna, that an en- gagement had taken place between the FRENCH and SPANISH forces, at St. John de Luz and Bay- onne; in which the Spanish forces had met with a severe REPULSE, and were driven back to St. John de Luz, which is on the frontiers; and in their re- treat they were obstructed by a river, and not hav- ing a sufficient number of boats, they were forced to swim, in which great numbers were drowned. The head quarters of the French army being at Bayonne, after the engagement the French troops retired to that place; their number in that garrison consists of a formidable army. — There were also accounts by private letters at Corrunna, that the French had de- coyed the Spaniards into their country, by the di- version of retreating, until the reinforcements from Bayonne came up, and then the patriots faced a- bout and beat the Spaniards all the way back, and a great deal farther than they had advanced with great slaughter.
BRITISH INSOLENCE.
The American Schooner Cleopatra , Capt. Willi-
last from Corrunna, left that port the 17th May — Same day were brought too by a ship under the French National flag, who examined the Cleopatra's papers, and proved to be an English ship called the Mary of Liverpool, the Captain of which abused the Americans very much, and threatened to fire into the schooner without the least provocation. Lat. 43. 35. N. long. 60. 33. E. from Columbia, May 20th, a ship in chase, brought us too at 3, P. M. and examined our papers, then put sailors on board and ordered the captain and supercargo of the Cleopa- tra to come on board; and on the supercargo's re- monstrating against his thus treating a neutral flag, he used very abusive language to the supercargo, and ordered his people to "tumble that rascal into the boat and tie him neck and heels." He followed him into the cabin and collared him, whereupon the su- percargo took up a pistol that lay on his bed and said he would defend himself. The captain of the ship then ordered a centinel to be planted on him and some of his men, with direction to cut off his arms if he resisted. These men began to use the su- percargo with great brutality, dragging him on deck, and at length carried him on board the ship, taking with him a small trunk with his books and accounts, &c. In the mean while their men plan- dered the schooner. They allowed Capt. Willi- ams to go on board of her, but would not permit the supercargo although he was part owner, until some time after, and having treated him very ill. When he got back to the schooner, he missed his pis- tols, all the live stock, wines, silken tackle, &c. &c. The captain who was guilty of this would not tell either his own name or that of his privateer; and he had painted canvas placed over the stern to pre- vent the name being read. He carried 16 six pound- ers, yellow painted sides, and the figure of a wo- man at the head, set in the old fashion, and was cop- per-bottomed, newly mended on the larboard bow; the captain a short set man marked with the small pox, he called his ship the Diana. We left him steering westerly. 23d May were chased again by another vessel, a topsail schooner, 8 days from Bris- tol lat 42. 19. long. 52. 24. east of Columbia, bound to Anguilla."
The American papers, from Georgia to New- Hampshire, are filled with accounts of British enor- mities to Americans when they meet on the high seas. Some of these are given at length; others are not so fully insisted, one in particular, viz. Capt. Brown in the brig Boon , of New-York, who arrived at Philadelphia from Port-au-Prince, but last from Cape Francois, having sailed with the fleet. She was brought too by the British privateer Joseph and Mary , Capt. David Harris, owned by Messrs Allen, White, and Co. of Kingston, Jamaica, mounting 8 guns and 40 men, and inhumanly ROB- BED of many valuable articles, with the ship's (and captain's private papers) the captain and hands be- ing held in dures; then manned for Jamaica, but was retaken by the Jupiter , a French 74, and carri- ed into Cape Francois, from whence he, with some difficulty having no men, &c. sailed with the fleet.
Capt. Brown gives some account of the cause of the conflagration at the Cape, by which also it ap- pears, that the attack commenced by a detachment from on board the shipping. A dispute of preemi- nence, in which the politics of Europe seem not to be had in view in any respect, however the issue may effect the general system.
The Schooner Swallow , Capt. Odlin, of Philadel- phia, was boarded by a British privateer of six guns, from St. Kitts, under the fort in Statia road and insult- ed and abused, in a gross, piratical manner, &c. &c.
What shall be said of these abuses? America is not disposed to wage war — she had rather inculcated the arts of peace — but must she see her flag incessantly insulted, plundered — and hold her peace!
About a dozen American vessels, which have been taken by British privateers, under frivolous pretences, are now detained in the ports of St. Kitts only.
Lord Dunmore has been GRACIOUSLY PLEAS- ED to permit foreign vessels, as well as British, to carry produce, of different kinds, to the Bahamas, for six months, from April 6. A most indelible proof, that these places cannot exist without assistance of the United States, whom they affect to treat with asse- rity which ill betides them.
Accounts from St. Eustatia, of June 18, mention, that a fort at St. Pierre (Martinique) was attacked by 3 British 74 gun ships, and that it was expected to surrender soon.
Captain John Fanning of the brig Union , arrived on Sunday in 14 days from Cape Francois, gives us the following melancholy particulars respecting the fate of that unhappy island.
"On the 18th June the civil commissioners, Messrs. Sonthonax and Polverel arrived at the Cape from Port-au-Prince; they immediately suspended M. Galbaud, the Governor and Commander of the troops at that place, and sent him on board ship; on the 19th a number of mulattoes were encouraged by these gentlemen to come into town, who by un- fair means armed all the negroes belonging to the citizens, and encouraged them to assist in destroying the whites, which scene it is said, begun on the 20th about noon, when a most horrid massacre ensued, neither women nor children were spared, upwards of 10,000 white inhabitants were butchered and a- bout 2500 saved themselves in French and American vessels in the harbor; the wretches then began to plunder the town — after which they set fire to it, and on the 22d when Capt. Fanning sailed, the burning was going on and there was only the church, government house, de Caserne and Gregarie saved; they left there the Amerique of 74 guns. Capt. Fanning sailed in company with about 150 sail of

convoy of two French 74s and 4 frigates, who were bound, as supposed, to Boston or Newport, so that we may soon expect to hear of their arrival. On Sunday last he fell in with the Ambuscade, off Barbary, who detained him for three hours, and then ordered him to proceed on. Capt. Fanning's register and all his papers were burnt at the Cape.
Cape-Francois was a neat well built city, the buildings chiefly of stone, said to be as large as New-York. The large church has escaped the flames, being all of stone, and covered so as the fire cannot make any impression. The government house has suffered much from the cannon-shot; the soldiery were still engaged in fighting, in town. It is supposed that this disastrous affair proceeded entirely from the difference between the two commissioners, who assumed the power, and Governor Galbaud, who thought his rightful authority invaded. He headed a number of sailors from the ships, who made the first attack, and repelled the mulattoes, but having at hand a number of negroes with arms they repulsed the sailors and whites.
Capt. Fanning observes, that he could have carried off loads of plunder when he came away, as the inhabitants had left their houses and property to save their lives. Capt. Fanning parted with the fleet the 30th of June.
PHILADELPHIA, July 12.
The President of the United States arrived in town from the Southward on Thursday last.
Spirited measures are pursuing to place the Fortifications in the river in such a situation, as that the sovereignty of the United States shall not be insulted with impunity by any foreign power, nor our neutrality violated by any of our citizens.
Extract of a letter from Kingston (Jamaica) to a gentleman in this city, dated June 14.
"I have my fears that some act that may be deemed partial or the imprudence of some wrong headed people with you (for I know there are such) may involve you in the war—which I pray God avert. You may be assured, that all the denominations of people, under the British government, view every act of yours with a scrutinizing eye, and pretences are not wanting to catch at paragraphs, and put the worst construction on them. This tends to inflame the minds of people credulously to believe, and ready to receive, every impression unfavourable to America. Your printers and writers should be circumpect, and the government very rigid in its neutrality, which only can make you flourish."
It has long been surmised, that the Creek and other hostile Southern Indians were instigated to hostilities against the United States by the Spanish-American government; from a late step of the Spanish commissioners it appears, that something serious is intended. Their commissioners, it is confidently reported, have signified to the executive of the Union, that their court expects a compliance with certain demands of the Creeks, which they think just, and that they are determined to support the Creeks in those demands, should they not be complied with.
Taking this circumstance, unconnectedly, it must appear strange that the Spanish government should dare to offer such an insult. How do our affairs with the Creeks so nearly concern them as to warrant their taking this decided part? Does it not appear like a pretext for hostility? for they surely cannot imagine that we will crouch before their haughtiness.
Yet how can their circumstances at home allow them to think of a war with us, in this hemisphere? Is not all this rather an effect of the combination of despots against liberty? Was it not settled in the councils of European despots, that the spark of liberty here should be smothered at the same time that the fire of freedom in France, which threatened thrones and their possessors, should be extinguished? little time will unfold the whole mystery of this conspiracy of despotism: Americans should be on their guard.
On the morning of the 25th of June, as Captain Town sailed out of St. Martin's, he met a schooner going in, from the windward, who informed him that Admiral Gardner had withdrawn his forces from Martinique and gave up the idea of besieging that place, on account of a circumstance that happened, viz. a French 74 gun ship and a frigate having joined Gardner's fleet, and hoisted the white flag, had threatened that in case Martinique was taken, they were resolved to give no quarter to the democrats, but destroy them every foul. This conduct shocked Admiral Gardner so much that he said he would not suffer it; if the place surrendered no person should be injured afterward. The dispute at length became so high that he left them, and consequently Martinique is relieved from the horrors of a siege, although not yet delivered from the villany of those desperate wretches, who have hoisted the white flag, and would, if they could, commit the most barbarous outrages. Providence is good, and will not suffer the schemes of such men ever to succeed—It is conjectured that these French ships with white flags must be some of those that left Trinidad.
PITTSBURGH, June 29.
A man by the name of Carlson, who was out land jobbing, about eight or ten miles from this place, was killed or taken by the Indians during the course of last week—A party of men went out on Sunday last to examine the ground where he had been to see what discoveries they could make, we understood they found some tracks, but none that were satisfactory. A number of horses have been stolen by the Indians of late.
Extract of a letter from a gentleman in Norfolk, to his friend in this city dated July 8.
"I suppose you have heard of the destruction of the fine town of Cape-Francois, and the massacre of the inhabitants—from ten to twelve thousand of whom are said to be destroyed; what few could escape from the massacre, are arriving in different parts of America; upwards of 100 sail of vessels are arrived in the Chesapeake, among which are two ships of 74 guns and five frigates. Our little town is crowded with Frenchmen, who have already enhanced the price of provisions 50 per cent. altho' from the distress they have suffered, it is probable they are not very flush of money. It is indeed shocking to humanity, to see so many fellow creatures deprived of their property and driven by the violence of political feuds to seek an asylum in a foreign land, accompanied by the cold and griping hand of poverty, and depending in a great measure on the charity of strangers for a bare subsistence."
BALTIMORE, July 12.
From reports now in circulation it appears (says the Pittsburg Gazette) that a peace with the Indians at present is very doubtful, and it is supposed the treaty will not take place.—In a few weeks we hope to be able to give a true account of this business.
On Tuesday last arrived in this Port, a Part of the French Fleet, which fled from the Disasters of the Cape; having on board several Hundreds of Passengers, who had fortunately escaped the Rava-ges of that Place. As soon as it was known, that our unfortunate Allies had arrived, every exertion was made by our animated Citizens to alleviate their distress.
ALEXANDRIA, July 17.
Another American vessel is taken and carried into Jamaica—the brig Defiance, of Baltimore. She was laden with sugar and coffee, and bound for Baltimore; had on board 30 negroes and 8000 dollars in specie. The English privateers are very troublesome to American vessels among the Windward Islands; some have been very lately taken and carried into St. Kitts, and every ungenerous pretence made use of to have the cargoes condemned.
MARTINSBURG, JULY 22.
The citizens of Baltimore and Norfolk have appointed a committee of gentlemen, French and American, to devise ways and means of affording succour and relief to the people from Cape-Francois.
The members of the French Society of the Friends of Liberty and equality in Philadelphia, have had a special meeting for a like purpose; a subscription being opened, 800 dollars were subscribed immediately. There has been a special meeting also of the French Benevolent Society, on the occasion.
There cannot remain a doubt that the sacred spirit of benevolence will catch from city to city thro' the continent, till effectual provision is made to succour these unfortunate fugitives from fire and sword.
A Halifax paper of June 25, contains the following:
"Last Thursday evening Major General Ogilvie arrived here in the Alligator frigate from St. Peters, also five transports, having on board between 5 and 600 prisoners and some stores. The Governor of St. Peters, was brought here in the Alligator, and is at liberty to walk about the town. The prisoners looked extremely healthy, and appear to have been treated with the greatest humanity and kindness."
This paragraph seems to require explanation.
TWENTY DOLLARS REWARD.
STOLEN from the Subscriber, living in Shepherd's Town, Virginia , on the 11th instant, a dark bay Mare, about 15 hands high, 7 years old, has no brand, a large blaze in her face, her near hind foot is white, has a long trot, a short bushy mane and tail, and shod before only. Whoever takes up the Thief and Mare, shall have the above reward, provided the Thief be brought to conviction and the Mare returned to the owner, and for the Mare only, TEN DOLLARS , and reasonable charges paid, by
DANIEL FOLCK.
July 20, 1793.
Wanted immediately,
At Anderson and Waggoner's Mills, on Mill-Creek, Berkeley County,
A young Man, who can come well recommended for his honesty, sobriety and industry, and being well acquainted with the business belonging to attending a Merchant-Mill. Such a person will meet with good usage and punctual pay, according to contract, by
COBERT, ANDERSON, & Co.
July 16, 1793.
Wanted to purchase,
An active NEGRO BOY , about 12 or 14 years old.
Apply to the Printer.
Subscriber, living in Berkeley County, near Charlestown , on Saturday night, the 13th instant, a bright bay stud Horse, 4 years old last spring, 15 hands high, a natural trotter, has a snip on his nose, branded on the near shoulder M K , but not plain, had no shoes on. Said Horse is supposed to be rode away by some negro. Any person taking up said Horse and delivering him to me, shall have, if 10 miles from home, 4 dollars, if 50 miles 8 dollars, and if horse and thief are secured, 10 pounds, and reasonable charges, paid by me,
MICHAEL KALLENBERGER.
July 16, 1793.
Wanted immediately,
A number of Workmen to assist in clearing the Potowmac, a few miles below Shepherd's Town , to whom Jessy Billings, Pennsylvania currency , per month will be given, and found in good and wholesome provisions, and punctually paid monthly.
Apply to NATHANIEL HENRY , in Shepherd's Town .
July 18, 1793.
A considerable quantity of Flour still remaining in my Mills, on Mill-Creek , belonging to different persons, manufactured from wheat raised last year. The subscriber gives the owners of said Flour this public notice, that he will not be accountable for its passing inspection after this date; From a possibility of the Flour being in some measure injured by remaining so long in the mills during the hot summer months—At the same time he informs the customers in general to said mills, that they are in good order for merchant work and will use every measure in his power to give them satisfaction.
July 20, 1793.
WINN WINSHIP.
MARY BENNETT,
At the Sign of the Black Horse, on the main Warm-Spring Road and the highest to Bath , one mile from Opekecon-Creek , informs the Ladies and Gentlemen travelling to and from Bath , that she is well supplied with every necessary refreshment, and good beds, for their accommodation; she has also excellent pasture, hay and oats, and every convenience, to render their time agreeable while there.
All persons indebted to her for articles sold by auction in October last, and whose Bonds and Notes became due the 20th inst. are desired to discharge the same immediately.
The Subscriber has determined on the first Thursday in August next, to commence drawing his Lottery at the house of Mr. Christian Smith , in Martinsburg . All persons indebted for tickets, are requested to make payment to the Trustees before the above time, as that neglect only will prevent the drawing.
ISAAC WHITAKER.
July 20, 1793.
N O T I C E.
That a Petition will be preferred to the next General Assembly of Virginia , for an Act to appoint Commissioners in Shepherd's Town , vested with powers to levy a small tax for the purpose of repairing the streets of said Town, remove nuisances, determine boundaries of the streets, alleys and lots, purchase a fire engine, prevent disorders, &c.
STRAYED from the Subscriber, living in Sharpsburg , on Whitson Monday last, a small forrel mare, 9 or 10 years old, with a ball face, three white legs, branded H on the near shoulder, paces mostly, 12 or 13 hands high; she had a yearling colt with her, of a bay colour, a white spot in his forehead, branded H on the near buttock. Whoever takes up said mare and colt, and returns them to me, shall have Two Dollars reward, and reasonable charges.
July 20, 1793.
FREDERICK BAKER.
THE Subscriber, having removed from this County, calls on all persons having any accounts unsettled with him, to exhibit the same in this town on the first day of August next; all those indebted to him, are desired to pay their respective balances by the above time, or their accounts will then be put in suit.
BARNHART GILPIN.
Martinsburg, July 20, 1793.
Wanted on hire,
A Negro Wench, who is acquainted with house work, spinning, &c.

SEAT OF THE MUSES.
THE OLD JOKE. A POEM.
I.
A RUMOR once took wing (they say) And flew through all the north, That shortly, though none knew what day, The mountains would bring forth! A chance so strange struck ev'ry ear, And rous'd the curious far and near.
II.
What numbers flock'd from ev'ry airth! Scarce one staid to keep house: But quite astonish'd at the birth, They cry'd, 'tis but a mouse!! Yet kill the vermine in a trice, Or it may fill our land with mice!
III.
So Draco bragg'd, he'd midwife soon A monster into view, That should pull down the poor old moon, And make one wholly new! Then to enforce the dreadful hint, He dres'd it up in haggard print!!
IV.
But when the prodigy came out, 'Twas much less than a mouse! The public his'd with scornful flout, And cry'd 'tis but a louse!!! Yet crack the crawler in a trice, Lest Virginia swarm with lice.
ONE PENNY REWARD—the full value of a villain.
RAN AWAY again from the Subscriber, an in- dented apprentice, named JOHN HUTCHINSON, about 16 years old, young in age but old in iniquity; small in stature, but a great scoundrel. He is very fond of gaming, addicted to cheating, lying, laz- iness, drinking, and every other practice annexed to infamy. Both him and his character being too well known in this and Frederick County, a full descrip- tion of this candidate for the gallows, is deemed un- necessary. He had on when he went off, a round jean jacket, nankeen waistcoat and overalls, wool hat, shoes with black buckles, and linen shirt, all which apparel were mostly new; he also stole and carried off with him, a piece of unbleach'd linen, a pair of cotton stockings, a new cambric handkerchief, a new linen shirt, and a pair large nankeen breeches. All persons are cautioned against harbouring or em- ploying the said run-away, if they wish to avoid trouble. Whoever will apprehend the above ac- complished rogue and commit him to jail that he may be punished for his crimes, will render the pub- lic infinite service, but if brought home the above reward only will be paid, and that a hard bargain.
N. WILLIS.
The Printers in the United States are so far reques- ted to oblige a brother Type, as to publish the above adver- tisement.
Martinsburg, Berkeley County, Virginia, July 5, 1793.
LIST of LETTERS remaining in the Post Office, MAR- TINSBURG.
A. WILLIAM ASKEW, Esq. Mrs. Ains. B. William Becket. James Blue. Dr. Ezekiel Bull. William Burns. C. James Crane. Sally Cranseved. Captain William Cherry, Charles Town. D. William Denham. F. Adam Frank. G. James Gilliland. Adam Gilliland. Wil- iam Grub. John Gilliland. H. Miss Susanna Hale. John Haslet, care of Robert Haslet. Messrs. Richard Henderson and Co. Robert Haslet. L. Adam Lippert. M. Robert McClure. John and William Mc Coughby. Batail Muse. Lewis Moore. James McKulloch. John McLean. Patrick McKelvie. Michael McKewan. P. Eli Phelps. S. Jacob Stephen. James Stewart. George Stewart. Capt. James Stephenson. John Sinclair. T. Jacob Tussey. W. George S. Washington, to be left at Charles- town. George Washington, care of Mr. Ham- mond. Rich Willis. James Wright. Mrs. Fran- ces Washington.
If the above Letters are not taken away before the first day of October, they will be sent to Phila- delphia as dead Letters.
EVAN SHELBY, P. M.
List of Letters remaining in the Post Office at Shep- herd's Town, which if not taken up before the first day of October next, will be sent to the General Post Office as dead Letters.
B. RICHARD BAYLOR.
C. James Crane. Abraham Coleman. D. William Denham, care of James Wright. F. Jacob Formwalt. M. William L. Mills. Robert Martin, care of James Wright. John McPherson. R. James Robinson, care of Rev. Mr. Hoge, Edward Rumsey, care of John Morrow. S. Samuel Sloane, care of J. McMurrain. John Strayer. W. John Winkles. James Wright, sen.
Newspapers.
Ephraim Worthington, 1. John Gardner, 2.
WILLIAM GOOD, jun. P. M.
TO BE SOLD, AT PUBLIC SALE, On Thursday, 1st day of August next, In Shepherd's Town, Berkeley County, State of Virginia, The following valuable
FEES SIMPLE PROPERTY, The purchaser giving Bond, with approved Securi- ty, payable one half the 1st day of JUNE, 1794, and the other the 1st of DECEMBER following, with in- terest from the day of sale,
1 One LOT, on the main street, on which are a large and elegant brick dwelling- house, genteely finished and in good repair, with a warehouse and kitchen adjoining the same, a stable, &c. This house was occupied by Mr. William Spald- ing, is one of the most pleasant situations in town, and well calculated either for a store or tavern.
2. One other LOT, immediately opposite the aforesaid property, on which are two tenements, and will be sold separate, or together, as may suit the purchaser.
3. A CORNER LOT, opposite to Messrs. Bedingers, on which is a new brick house, calculated for a store, and the accommodation of a family. The situation of the house is equal, if not superior, for business, to any in Shepherd's Town. Any person wishing to become a purchaser, may view the property, by applying to Mr. William Spalding, or Major Henry Bedinger. An indisputable title will be given, by
JOSEPH SWAN, ABRAHAM USHER, THATCHER TAYLOR. } Trustees for the Creditors of Mr. W. SPALDING.
June 10, 1793.
BOARDING-HOUSE, BATH, Sign of GENERAL WASHINGTON.
JOHN HUNTER and MARY PULLING,
SENSIBLE of the many obligations they are un- der to their Friends and the Public for the many proofs of their attention and good wishes to them in their favors the last season at BATH, tender their most sincere and grateful acknowledgments. To accommodate them the present Season, they have made improvements to the House, and are deter- mined not to be exceeded in supplies, conveniences, or attention, by any other house in the place.
BATH, June 20, 1793.
TO BE SOLD, One Sixth part of that tract of
L A N D
Known by the name of General Lee's, which was devised by the late General Lee to Eleazar Oswald Inquire of the Printer.
July 6, 1793.
COPPER AND TIN WARE.
THE Subscriber, in the most respectful manner, informs the Public in general, and the Inhab- itants of Shepherd's Town and its vicinity in particu- lar, that he has commenced business in the Copper and Tin Line, in said Town, where they may be furnished, on the shortest notice, and most reason- able terms, with Copper and Tin Ware, of every description; and hopes, from the goodness of his work, and moderation of his prices, to merit the patronage of a generous public.
Having just received a large quantity of Copper, he is enabled to comply with the commands of those who may wish to employ him—and is their humble servant,
JACOB FORMWALT.
N. B. The highest price will be allowed in cash, or new work given in exchange, for old copper, brass, pewter or lead.
Shepherd's Town, June 20, 1793.
THE Subscriber takes this method of informing his Friends and the Public, that he shall this season leave Trimble's Mill, in Frederick County, near Winchester, where he has resided for several years past, to that of Edward Beeson's, near Martinsburg, Berkeley County, where he intends carrying on the FULLING and DYING BUSINESS in almost all their various branches, with care and dispatch— For the convenience of my former Friends and the Public, I have appointed a stage at the Store of Mr. Robert Daniels, in Buckles-Town, where raw cloths will be received and carefully returned when dres- sed; also, specimens of the work may be seen there. The following colours can be done by him, viz. London and Spanish brown, Spanish and Po- mapadorah claret, Portobellow, snuff, orange, cin- namon, pink, crimson, black, red, and others too tedious to mention. For the further accommoda- tion of the Public at large, wheat, rye, or corn, will be accepted of at their market prices, if cash is not convenient, at either the above stage or mill.
I am, with due respect, the Public's very humble servant, WILLIAM BAILEY. June 17, 1793.
HARP AND CROWN TAVERN.
Florence Mahony,
RETURNS his grateful acknowledgments to his friends and the public, for the great en- couragement he has met with since his commence- ment at this house—his liquors are excellent—his attention to his customers shall be minute and poin- ted—and every exertion in his power will be made to please them, and to deserve the countenance and patronage of the public.
Martinsburg, April 6, 1793.
LOST, in this town, a few days since, two receipts for Land-Office Warrants, and a Plot of 340 acres of Land in Menogalia County. Who- ever has found the same, and will leave them at the Printing Office, shall be generously rewarded for their trouble. They can be of no use to any but the owner.
JOHN M'PARK.
Martinsburg, July 6, 1793.
ALL Persons indebted to the estate of Mathew Duncan, late of this county, deceased, are requested to make immediate payment; and all persons having any demands against the said estate, are desired to exhibit the same for settlement.
THOMAS DUNCAN, } Executors. SETH DUNCAN. }
Berkeley, June 8, 1793.
The Lottery established by THOMAS WHITE, in Shepherd's Town, is put off drawing until the second Thursday in August next, owing to the busy season of the year, which prevented many peo- ple from attending. Those who have purchased Tickets on credit are requested to pay the same to Mr. James Lawson, in Martinsburg, Major Henry Be- dinger, in Shepherd's Town, or Capt. James Kerney, Trustees appointed for this purpose. It is expected that purchasers will be punctual in making pay- ment on or before that time, as the Lottery will certainly commence drawing on that day. Those who have received Tickets for sale, and do not make return by the Monday previous to the drawing, it will be considered that they hold what may remain with them unsold at their own risk. Merchanta- ble wheat or rye will be received in payment, at cash price.
THE Public are informed, that a regular weekly Post-Rider, for the conveyance of this Paper, is established from this town to Wil- iams-Port, Hager's Town, Bath, Old Town, and Rom- ney. The Rider leaves the Printing Office on Mon- day mornings. Letters to be conveyed by this route, left with the Printer, will be carefully for- warded.
Wanted immediately, by the Printer hereof, A strong, active Boy, as an Apprentice.
A L S O,
An industrious, sober young Man, as a Post-Rider, to whom good encouragement will be given.
For Sale, at this Office, Blank Deeds of Bargain and Sale, Common Bonds and Notes, Magistrates' Summons, Sheriffs' Blanks.