Norfolk gazette and publick ledger (Norfolk [Va.]), 1809-08-14 00:00:00

NORFOLK GAZETTE AND PUBLICK LEDGER. SINT HIC ETIAM SUA PREMIA LAUD.
VOL. VI.
MONDAY EVENING, AUGUST 14, 1809.
NO. 13.]
For Sale or Charter, The Brig EXPERIMENT, Henry Dicks n, master, Burthen 140 tons, and will carry 1100 barrels Flour; said Brig will be sold low, and a liberal credit given for approved paper. For terms apply to WILLIAM DICKSON. August 9.
For Liverpool, (Intended to sail in 20 days.) The Ship William & Mary, E. Tipling, master, a substantial good vessel, has just gone through a thorough repair—part of her cargo is already engaged. For freight of the remainder apply to D. Sanford, or F. Smith. August 9.
For New-York, The Sch'r PENELOPE, A fine new vessel—Freight will be taken on very low terms. Apply to Wilson & Cunningham. August 9.
For Liverpool, The Ship MINERVA, Wm. Moffat, Master, a good part of her cargo being engaged, will sail with all possible despatch. For freight of the remainder apply to Captain Moffat, or William Dickson. August 7.
60 hogsheads St. Kitt's MOLASSES, 60 do. Sugar; 50 do. Jamaica Coffee, 3 do. Guadalupe do. 52,500 wt. St. Domingo do. 200 bales Sea-Island and U. land Cotton, 1000 bales Richmond and Petersburg Tobacco, 5000 bushels coarse Salt; 15,000 do. Liverpool blown do. 6 pipes Old London particular Wine, 50 crates Queen's Ware, assort d. 150 barrels Superior and Fine Flour, Rus and Raven's Duck, Country Gin, Rum, &c. For Sale on liberal terms by C. & F. Whittle. A Good Stanch VESSEL, Of 150 to 180 hogsheads wanted. July 28.
For Freight or Charter, The fine fast sailing SHIP BETSEY, Edward Watson, master, burthen 325 tons, and can be ready for the reception of a cargo in a few days. For terms apply to Bowden & Milhado. July 19.
Passage for London, The Ship Patriot Grenning, M. Probst, master, Will sail for London on or about the 15th of next month, and can accommodate 8 or 10 passengers; she is a remarkably strong and well built ship, of about 300 tons, almost new and has a roomy and elegant cabin—Her cargo being engaged, apply for passage only to the captain on board, or to Niemeyer & Von Kapff. July 6.
For Freight or Charter, The Schooner Carlton, James Johnson, master, Now ready for the reception of a cargo. Apply to Wilson and Cunningham, or JAMES JOHNSON. June 12.
LANDING At Commence-Street Wharf, and for Sale by the Subscribers, A large and general assortment of Cloths, Cassimeres, Cambricks, Muslins, Quiltings, British Canvas, and Tin Plates, which will be sold low for cash, or approved acceptances in town. JAMES DYKES & CO. Who want Freight, To a Northern Port for the Schooner PHOEBE, Captain Fleming, burthen 100 tons. June 28.
SPRING GOODS. WOOD AND HASTINGS, Have just received a small supply of SEASONABLE GOODS, among which are, 4-4 Irish LINENS, part extra fine, 4-4 and 6-4 Cotton Cambricks, 7-8 and 4-4 Cotton Shirtings, Superfine and common Calicoes, Ginghams; Madras Handkerchiefs, Fine Cored and Fancy Dimities, Mens' and Womens' Cotton Hose; do. Silk do. Cotton Umbrellas; White Jeans, part very fine, Royal Cord and other fashionable Vestings, Plain and Fancy Muslins, Elegant worked Muslin Short Dresses; Seer Suckers, Nankeens; Kid Gloves; Mens' Buckskin do. BROAD CLOTHS. Best Superfine Black, Blue, Olive, Brown, Bottle Green, Drab, Mixed, &c. Broad Cloths; middling and common do. One case Gentlemens' Silk Plush Hats. The above with our Goods on hand, comprise a very hand some assortment, and will be sold at low prices for Cash only. April 7.
Ginghams, Calicoes, and Shirtings. WOOD & HASTINGS, Have just received via Philadelphia, 4 Trunks CALICOES, 3 do. GINGHAMS, 3 do. COTTON SHIRTINGS; part very fine. July 8.
DR. ROBERTSON'S Genuine Patent and Family Medicines, Celebrated for the cure of most diseases to which the human frame is liable. Prepared by T. W. DYOTT, M. D. THE CELEBRATED Stomachic Elixir of Health. (Price one dollar and Fifty Cents) Which has proved by thousands, who have experienced its beneficial effects, to be the most valuable medicine ever offered to the public; for speedily relieving and curing the cramp, pain, and wind in the stomach and bowels, carrying off superfluous bile, removing habitual costiveness, sickens at the stomach, severe head ache, &c. For the dysentery or flux, cholera morbus, feverish gripings, and other diseases of the bowels, and the summer bowel complaint in children, it has proved a certain remedy, and restored to perfect health from the greatest debility. Persons afflicted with pulmonary complaints, or disorders of the breast and lungs, even in the most advanced state, will find immediate relief. Common coughs and colds, which are generally occasioned by obstructed perspiration, will be found to yield to its being inhaled in a few hours. In asthma or consumptive complaints, hoarseness, wheezings, shortness of breath, and the hooping cough, it will give immediate relief.
Patent Stomachic Wine Bitters. (Price One Dollar.) These celebrated and well known Bitters are composed purely of vegetables of the most innocent yet specific virtues, and are particularly recommended for restoring weak constitutions, clearing and strengthening the stomach, and increasing the appetite; they expel worms in all ages, but from their simplicity and safety, are a most natural and effectual vermifuge, when administered to children; they are gratefully warm, and pungently aromatic; they are extremely serviceable in all fevers, but particularly so on the approach of warm weather, when bilious habits experience such a loss of appetite, they are also a certain preventive against these complaints so common in the spring and fall seasons, such as intermittent fevers and agues, long autumnal fevers, dysenteries, &c.
DR. ROBERTSON'S Vegetable Nervous Cordial, OR, Nature's Grand Restorative, Is confidently recommended as the most efficacious medicine, for the speedy relief and cure of all nervous complaints, impurities of the blood, seminal weakness, and various complaints, resulting from diffipated pleasures, residence in warm climates, the immoderate use of tea, the unskilful or excessive use of mercury, and diseases peculiar to females at a certain period of life.
DR. ROBERTSON'S Celebrated Gout & Rheumatic Drops. A safe and effectual cure for the gout, rheumatism, lumbago, stone and gravel, swellings and weakness of the joints, sprains, bruises, and all kinds of green wounds; the cramp, pains in the head, face and body, stiffness of the neck, chilblains, frozen limbs, &c. Since the above invaluable medicines were first discovered by Dr. Robertson, upwards of Seven Hundred Thousand Persons have experienced their happy and salutary effects, many of whom from the greatest debility. These Medicines, which by being timely administered, will prevent the progress of many fatal diseases. The Proprietor wishes to afford every information relative to the efficacy of the above Medicines in a small compass by exhibiting a list of exemplary cures, attested by respectable characters, for the satisfaction and encouragement of the afflicted—for which purpose such cures have been selected at different times and been inserted, as might display the alternative power of phyick. But as the number of cases are now become so numerous, I am obliged, instead of identifying the particulars, only to print an abstract of several testimonials, referring the reader to peruse the pamphlet, left at the Book-Store of Messrs. BONSAL, CONRAD, & Co. Norfolk. June 1.
A GREAT BARGAIN. Wig-Wam Gardens for Sale For air, water, and health, none superior. July 31. Avis. Le Propriétaire de ces beaux Jardins a "Brigg's Point" est disposé de les vendre pour un Prix modique. L'Emplacement, l'Air & l'Eau les rendent désirable ou pour le Séjour d'un Amusement du Public. Juillet 31.
THIRD NOTICE. All persons having proper claims against the estate of David Patterson, deceased, are hereby notified to bring them in properly attested on or before the first day of September next, or this notice will be plead against all that may or shall be omitted to be brought in, it being requisite to make my return. Daniel R. Waddey, Administrator of D. Patterson's Estate. July 28.
LANDING This day on Commerce-Street, from the Schooner Two Brothers, Capt. Nicholls, 9 pipes, 50 hogsheads particular Tenerife WINE, 25 quarter casks superior quality Tenerife WINE, For Sale by Moses Myers & Son. ALSO, 100,000 feet Northern BOARDS, on board the Ship Oreses. July 6.
NEW RICE. Just received, and now landing from the Schooner Ploughboy, 157 tierces NEW RICE, For Sale by Jennings & Roddey. July 26.
ORIGINAL MISCELLANY. FROM THE BOSTON MIRROR.
Supplement to Lord Chancellor Bacon's book "on the wisdom of the ancients," by S. L. Mitchell, Esq. L. L. D. F. R. S.
[One of the most curious and learned of the great Verulam's works, is that wherein he attempts an interpretation of the fables of antiquity. His opinion is that they are by no means, to be literally understood; but are allegories, in which are contained abundance of wholesome truths. Some are of a moral, and others of a physical nature. And of the latter, the histories of Pan, Orpheus, Celum, Proteus, Cupid, and Sphinx, are by skillful examination found to comprehend the profoundest truths concerning nature, philosophy, creation, matter, elements and science. While an exposition of the legends of Narcissus, Parnassus, Atlanta, Nemesis and the Sirens, unfolds interesting information upon self-love, war, avarice, fortune and pleasure. Two of the most important of these physical allegories, invented by the Greeks either to conceal or to contempt knowledge, have been overlooked by the illustrious Englishman. But a countryman of our own who has entered the field of science for the purpose of gleaming a few heads that might be left by so careful a reaper, has ventured to unfold the mysteries comprehended in the ancient allegories of the Hydra and Python, in the same spirit, that it may be presumed Sir Francis himself would have done it. The first explanation of the Hydra, a piece of choice philosophy is taken from the writer's letter to J. Priestly, L. L. D. May 4, 1799, in reply to the letters which Dr. Priestly addressed to him on the controversy with the Parisian neologists about phlogiston, metallic oxids and fiery cinder.]
As I have mentioned Hydra, I shall pause a little to give you my opinion of the allegory among the ancients concerning her; and I attempt the explanation on the more willingly, as I believe nobody has done it as it ought to be, before. The tradition is this: In Peloponnesus, between Myceno and Argos, there was a fen or marsh of considerable extent, called Lerna, I know that in thus deciding upon the place where this fen of Lerna exists, I differ from that prince of geographers, Daville, who has placed it nearer the Argolic gulph. But the exact spot is not material to my explanation. This muddy and stagnating pool was inhabited by Hydra, a terrible and devouring monster, with several heads; some say seven, others nine, and others again fifty. The malignity of her poison was such, that a wound from an arrow dipped into it, was instantly mortal. She made dreadful havoc among the people of the surrounding country, and devoured a great number of their sheep and other cattle. In obedience to the orders of the tyrant Eurystus, Hercules went to fight this destructive and formidable creature. This was the second and most arduous of all his labours. On his approach, a crab came forth to the assistance of Hydra. But Hercules crushed the crab to death, and afterwards attacked and slew Hydra. Of the heads of Hydra it was reported when one was cut off two would sprout from the wound, unless prevented by the immediate application of fire. Hercules aided the energy of his sword by searing the wounds with the actual cautery. And thereby succeeded in vanquishing the monster—Now it appears to me that this recital has a direct reference to the pestilential vapours exhaled from the bog of Lerna, and of the effectual mode of draining and clearing it, by instruments of steel to ditch the ground and remove its shrubbery, and by action of fire to destroy all the trash upon its surface, and to lay it fairly open to the rays of the sun; thereby rendering the marsh and its neighbourhood healthy.
HYDRA is derived from the Greek word which signifies water. It may thence be conceived that this fluid, (acting precisely in old times as it does on our modern days) resting upon the low and overflowing level of Lerna, was instrumental, under solar influence, in filling the air with unwholesome exhalations. Such vapours being at once local and noxious, were ascribed to the venomous inhabitant of the fen; and being diffused by the wind, and wafted round the country, and wheresoever they reached, assailing and often killing both man and beast, they naturally enough indicated the extent as well as the activity of the supposed monster's poison. This sickening state of atmosphere was aptly, by the mortality consequent upon being wounded by an arrow dipped into it. And the different receptacles of filth in the marsh, like so many sources of local venom and mischief, were typified by the numerous heads ascribed to the Hydra. While the malignity of the gases, and the extent of region to which they reached, would give a forcible and characteristic idea of the emanations from so many deleterious throats. Or it may be interpreted, that the mere drawing off the water and leaving the mud and slime bare, was termed cutting off a head; and the increase of noxious exhalations in consequence of employing the axe and spade to denude a great extent of such surface, was happily enough expressed by the sprouting forth of two in its place. By cauterizing or searing was understood, either the solar heat in drying the bottom and thereby stopping the further extrication of miasmata, or perhaps the consuming by fire the trees, shrubs and obstacles to free ventilation and exsiccation. It is probable that the action of sunshine and fire were both intended.
The crab may possibly have a reference to the sun's place in the constellation Cancer; but as that animal is frequently made the emblem of retrograde motion, it may be more easily considered as indicating the frequent recurrences of stagnation from every rain and shower, and relapses in fevers from new and unavoidable exhalations. And the extreme difficulty of draining the Lernean swamp effectually, and of thereby arresting fevers and relapses, will give to every one who considers this labour of the son of Alcumena, how extremely difficult it was to execute. In the ninth figure of Montfaucon's 66th plate, there is a print of Hercules with crabs near his feet, having, as the learned father candidly remarks, a relation to something incomprehensible to him.—(Montfaucon's Antiquity explained, vol. 1, chap 9. Article Hercules.)
The interpretation I have given is strengthened by another consideration, that the ancients had not only their hydra who lived in the water, but also their Chersydra, who remained after the marsh or swamp was drained or evaporated to bareness.—Chersydra thus being derived from two Greek words signifying the hydra of the bare bottom, or humid
ground, will denote the loaded and sickly condition of the atmosphere over or near a fen after the exhalation of a principal part of the water, but while there still remained enough to keep the ground in a moist and miasmatick state. Thus the Chersydra was represented also as a venomous serpent, though of a constitution less adequate than the Hydra; but expressive at the same time of the prevalence of marsh-effluvia, which at some times, and under certain circumstances, continue in a virulent state; after their sources may be dried up.
Hydra is seemingly mentioned by Virgil as a fictions or poetical animal. Bochart, however, with his usual prodigious erudition, appears desirous of explaining the text according to the letter. His opinion may be seen in the 13th chapter (hb. 3) of the second part of his Hierozoicon. Lancisi, however, viewed the subject with more scientific eyes, and perceived how important physical facts were contained within this twofold allegory. And he shews how they are to be unriddled; as the curious inquirer may find in his invaluable tract upon the baneful effluvia from Marshes (Lib. 1, part 2, cap. 3.) In considering these matters, you will not fail to recollect that the classical writers and others, use the word "hydrus" as well as "hydra;" and some of them apparently confound the two. The former noun of the masculine gender is probably the real animal, the water snake; the latter of the imaginary one, the monster of the marshes.—Sed verbum sapienti.—North America wants a Hercules in these days.*
The second, explaining the fable of Python, is taken from a manuscript letter to John C. Kunze, D. D. the late professor of Oriental languages in Columbia College, and Senior of the ministry in the German Lutheran Church. This was written in May, 1797, in reply to one of his erudite communications.
After the deluge of Deucalion, it is reported that on the subsiding of the waters, an enormous and venomous monster was engendered from the mud.—The neighbourhood received great damage from him. But he was destroyed at length by the shafts of Phebus, the God of day. Some say Python was produced from the slime left on the banks of the Nile by the receding waters; and that out of commiseration to the suffering race of men, he was slain by the arrows of Apollo.
It is generally agreed that this is a beautiful allegory, expressive of the unwholesome exhalations rising from humid surfaces, and of the extinction of them by the solar radiance in drying the ground.
The term "Python" is derived from a Greek word which signifies "to putrify or corrupt;" and the story is ended to inculcate the doctrine, that the rays of the sun, by their light and heat in reducing the humid soil to dryness, destroy those pestilential vapours, which were the offspring of the corrupting materials spread over the surface. As soon as the moisture is exhaled, the intestine articles among the particles of bodies ceases, and deleterious gases no longer mingle with the air. And in this way, the rays or arrows of light, darted on the earth, destroyed Python, the offspring of putrefaction; for by exhaling the moisture necessary for his support, they reduced him to the necessity of expiring on the spot.
From the renown consequent upon this point, it was, that the epithet "Pythius" was given to Apollo by some of his worshippers; and that under this title the inhabitants of Megara erected a temple to his honour, as you will recollect to have read in Plutarch's life of Marcus Antonius. His priestesses, even at Delphos were called Pythias, and sometimes Pythomansas.
With the intention of further perpetuating the remembrance of the good done to mankind by Phebus in killing the Python, the Pythian games were instituted, wherein the victors were crowned with garlands of beechen leaves.
The relation made by Ovid in the 15th book of his metamorphosis of the voyage of the god Asculapius to Rome, in the form of a serpent, in company with the committee of Roman citizens sent by the senate, between the 458th and 462d of the city, to fetch him from Epidaurus, appears to be nothing more than another allegory or popular story, illustrative of the method taken by the Roman government to procure from the better informed Greeks, all possible information about preventing and curing pestilential distempers.
As Asculapius was the reputed son of Apollo, to whom the surname "Pythius" was given in honor of the monster or serpent he had killed for the relief of mankind, it is probable when the figurative meaning of the allegory was dropped, the literal signification of Pythius was transferred from the father to the son; and thereby a serpent or snake came to be the emblem of hygiack. Sed jam satis superque.—It is heartily to be wished that some method might be adopted of quelling the Python of the United States.
* See Mitchell and Miller's Medical Repository, Hex. I. vol. 3, p. 14, &c.
Wig-Wam Garden. NINE PINS AND QUOITS, a cure for sedentary habits. July 26.
THE SUBSCRIBER Having been appointed a Commissioner of the Chancery Court for the WILLIAMSBURG DISTRICT, gives notice to those persons, who are parties to cases referred to him, that he is ready to receive their papers. JOHN COWPER. Master Commissioner's Office, July 11, 1809.
LANDING From the Schooner Virginia, Capt. Wheeler, from St. Vincent, 50 puncheons RUM, 50 hogsheads retailing MOLASSES, For Sale by Jennings & Roddey. August 7.
NOTES OF HAND, according to the new form established by the Directors of the Office of Discount and Deposit of the Bank of the United States, for sale at this office.

When information first reached this country, that the British government had refused to confirm the arrangements made by Mr. Erskine, on account of that minister not having obeyed his instructions, the democratic press exclaimed that it was false, and that if Mr. Erskine had disobeyed his instructions, their publication would prove the fact. They hoped that the ministers in England, would refuse the publication, and give them an opportunity of keeping the ground they had taken—the opposition in England, as if in concert, took the same ground, and pressed the ministers upon that point. Whatever many may suppose, an administration in England, that shrinks at investigation, and refuses information upon points of great national importance, cannot long continue in confidence. The ministers consented to the publication of the instructions, and they confirmed the statements which had previously been made, in stronger terms than had been suggested. This was a deadly blow to those, who had insisted in terms of violent abuse, that the instructions would not if published, bear out Mr. Canning in his assertion that they had been violated by Mr. Erskine. The instructions are published, and are so plain, that it is impossible to resist their force. The ground is changed, and it is now insisted that there are other instructions, which, if published, would prove that Mr. Erskine has made an arrangement for which he was duly authorized, and this ground is taken by the National Intelligencer, as appears by the article republished from that paper in this day's publication.
It is not in the power of those, who have no knowledge of the secrets of the British cabinet, to positively assert that there were no other instructions, yet we have not yet seen any evidence positive or circumstantial, to show that there were other instructions, in relation to the removal of the commercial restrictions of this country, and the orders in council of Great-Britain.
The National Intelligencer has offered some arguments, which will be briefly examined. The first in order is the time which had elapsed between the date of Mr. Canning's despatch (the 23d of January) and the sailing of the Rosamond (the 9th of February) for this country, about seventeen days. We can safely appeal to the experience of nautical men, and ask if in the winter season it does not frequently happen, that from strong westerly winds, vessels are prevented from sailing for more than twenty or thirty days, from ports in the British channel? When Mr. Rose came to this country, the ship he came in did not get out of the port of departure for near a month after Mr. Rose left London; she sailed once and was forced into port again. The latest paper as we believe, which came by the Rosamond was dated the 1st of February, which was procured while the ship lay at Portsmouth. There is, therefore, no importance to be attached to the circumstance of the Rosamond having sailed seventeen days after the date of the letter of Mr. Canning.
The letter of Mr. Canning, it is said, and truly so, contains no allusion to the affair of the Chesapeake; that this important matter was the subject of another despatch, to Mr. Erskine can be readily supposed, at the same time, it is to be observed, that the arrangement made by Mr. Erskine, as relates to the affair of the Chesapeake, has been but slightly complained of by his government.
If the allegations contained in Mr. Canning's letter respecting Mr. Madison, Mr. Gallatin, and Mr. Smith, are unfounded (which we hope and are inclined to believe are so) certainly Mr. Canning could not have taken a more fair and candid mode of giving those gentlemen an opportunity of doing themselves justice, than by directing his letter to be laid before them. There the allegations are distinctly stated, and the authority for making them is given; all the parties would have been present, and might have explained. It would seem as if Mr. Canning himself had some doubt of the correctness of the report made to him by Mr. Erskine, and therefore he desires that his impressions may not be misunderstood, and that the source from whence his impressions were derived should be well understood. Is it possible to suppose that Mr. Canning would fabricate a story, and afterwards furnish the means of detecting himself in the falsehood?
But Mr. Canning it is said, had denied in his place in parliament, that there had been any specific proposition made to him by the American minister in London, for removing the embargo, and rescinding the orders in council, when the fact was otherwise; from hence it is inferred that Mr. Canning has on the present occasion deviated from truth. In answer to this point we will offer our readers an extract from a recent publication, which we have copied from the American Citizen, a distinguished republican print. The author endeavouring to show that no specific proposition was ever made by our government upon the points under consideration, makes the following observations:
"On the 9th November last, the president of the United States sent a message to the congress, in which he says—"To Great-Britain, wh so power on the ocean is so ascendant, it was deemed not inconsistent with that condition to state explicitly, that on her rescinding her orders in relation to the United States, their trade would be opened with her and remain shut to her enemy, in case of his failure to rescind his decrees also." Among the documents which accompanied this message, we find part of a letter from the secretary of state to the American minister in London, of the 30th April 1808, which says, "In order to entitle the British government to a discontinuance of the embargo as it applies to Great-Britain, it is evident that all its decrees, as well as those of January, 1807, as of November, 1807, ought to be rescinded as they apply to the United States. Should the British government take this course you may authorize an expectation that the President will within a reasonable time, give effect to the authority vested in him on the subject of the embargo laws." We ask whether the instructions and authority contained in this letter are any thing like that explicit declaration and offer mentioned in the message? What must
have been his confidence in the blind obedience of his adherents, and what his contempt for our understandings to make such an assertion, accompanied by such proof? True it is that these extracts do not contain precisely a contradiction in terms. To reconcile them it may perhaps be said, that although it was not deemed inconsistent with the British naval power, it was inconsistent with the president's mode of doing business, to make a specific proposition.
"It appears from the correspondence of the American minister in England, that previously to the receipt of those jesuitical instructions, he had taken pains, in conversation with the British secretary of state, to authorise that expectation; and that on the 22d of July, with the letter above cited in his pocket, he again attempted in conversation to obtain a repeal of the obnoxious orders, by authorising that expectation—always taking care to bind his employers to nothing. Well pleased with his own eloquence and address he conceived, notwithstanding the silence of the British secretary, that he had made a day's impression, and returned to the charge a week after. It appears, however, from letters which the president prudently withheld, but which were afterwards published, that Mr. Canning had learnt caution. He no longer permitted himself to speak frankly and confidentially to Mr. Pinkney, for he had been taught, by a bitter experience, that his conversations had been misrepresented in this country, and applied to the purpose of exciting sentiments hostile to his sovereign. After expostulating therefore with Mr. Pinkney on that distinguished conduct, he desired him to state his proposals in writing.
"It was not until after the lapse of near a month (on the 26th of August) that Mr. Pinkney delivered this written proposal. It appears from his own story that he at first "framed a note of great length," which he "thought it prudent to abandon," because it held out too many "invitations to unprofitable discussion." That is to say, he had so hampered himself by loose talk, that when he came to put it down in writing, he could not get along without contradicting himself or breaking his orders. He resolved therefore, after making that unsuccessful essay, to confine himself within a narrow compass; and accordingly the result of his diplomatic toil is contained in the following clause. "I have the honour to "state to you, sir, that it was the intention of the "president, in case Great-Britain revoked her orders, &c. to exercise the power vested in him by "suspending the embargo law and its supplements "as regards Great-Britain." Thus after the pangs of such long labour, Mr. Pinkney brought forth a still born proposition which amounts to nothing."
But admitting that Mr. Canning had misconceived, or even mistated intentionally the conversations between Mr. Pinkney and himself, the means of detection were in no other hands than Mr. Pinkney's—but in this case there have been no oral communications between Mr. Erskine and Mr. Canning, all is in writing, susceptible of being proved to demonstration. Mr. Erskine and Mr. Canning are political opponents, and to the feelings which are generated by party spirit, Mr. Erskine has personal resentment to gratify; as far as Mr. Canning could punish and disgrace him he has done so. Mr. Erskine has been removed from a post of high honour and trust. Can Mr. Canning then expect any indulgence from a man who he has so deeply injured?
Upon considering the whole subject, we think that it is reasonable to suppose, that Mr. Erskine has misconceived the conversations which he held with Mr. Madison, Mr. Smith, and Mr. Gallatin, and from whence has flowed all the evil consequences, which are now experienced, and the greater with which we are threatened.
There are others, who assume a higher ground, and insist that whether Mr. Erskine was authorized or not, he was an accredited minister with plenary powers, that his government are bound to ratify his engagements, that unless they do, their expected minister should not be received, and that no other negotiation ought to be entered into. Two propositions are here presented, each shall be examined.
We never expected to hear it asserted in this country, that a government is bound in all cases by its agent, and still less by the party denominated republican. It cannot be unknown to those who know any thing of our constitution, that treaties are not binding if even approved by the President; the Senate must approve before the treaty is binding; and upon a memorable occasion the house of representatives, insisted on their right to participate in the treaty-making power, and so nearly was the house divided, that the question in favour of a participation was lost by the Speaker's vote only; Messrs. Giles, Gallatin and Madison, were distinguished in favour of the right of the house of representatives.
If we refuse to negotiate with the British government, because they refuse to confirm, what they insist, was an unauthorized agreement, what are our hopes from the negotiation which it is understood with so much satisfaction, is opened in France,—and where is our consistency? We have at this moment a treaty with France, made under the authority of, and ratified on the part of France, by her present ruler. That treaty stipulates among other things as follows:
"ART. 12. It shall be lawful for the citizens of either country to sail with their ships and merchandise (contraband goods always excepted) from any port whatever, to any port of the enemy of the other, and to sail and trade with their ships and merchandise, with perfect security and liberty, from the countries, ports and places of those who are enemies of both, or of either party, without any opposition or disturbance whatsoever, and to pass not only directly from the places and ports of the enemy aforementioned, to neutral ports and places, but also from one place belonging to an enemy, to another place belonging to an enemy, whether they be under the jurisdiction of the same power, or under the several; unless such ports or places shall be actually blockaded, besieged, or invested.
"And whereas it frequently happens, that vessels sail for a port or place belonging to an enemy, without knowing that the same is either besieged, blockaded or invested, it is agreed that every vessel, so circumstanced, may be turned away from such port or place, but she shall not be detained, nor any part of her cargo, if not contraband, be confiscated, unless, after notice of such blockade or investment, she shall again attempt to enter; but she shall be permitted to go to any other port or place she shall think proper. Nor shall any vessel of either, that may have entered into such port or place before the same was actually besieged, blockaded, or invested by the other, be restrained from quitting such place with her cargo, nor if found therein after the reduction and surrender of such place, shall such vessel or her cargo be liable to confiscation, but they shall be restored to the owners thereof."
"ART. 14. It is hereby stipulated that free ships shall give a freedom to goods, and that every thing shall be deemed to be free and exempt which shall be found on board the ships belonging to the citizens of either of the contracting parties, although the whole lading, or any part thereof, should appertain to the enemies of either, contraband goods being always excepted. It is also agreed in like manner, that the same liberty be extended to persons who are on board a free ship, with this effect, that although they be enemies to either party, they are not to be taken out of that free ship, unless they are soldiers and in actual service of the enemy."
Notwithstanding these stipulations, France seizes our ships having goods of British production, or manufacture, tho' bona fide American, she forbids us to trade with Britain, or any of her possessions.—Now it might be asked, where is the use of making another treaty, when all the advantages which could be obtained in a new one, are secured in the present treaty? And what security is there, that the new treaty will be more faithfully observed than the present? The answer is plain. When nations differ, there are but two ways of settling their disputes, either by the sword, or by negotiation. If they appeal to the sword, negotiation must be afterwards resorted to, unless conquest is the object; for which reasons, prudent nations, who do not war for conquests, will prefer negotiation, in the first instance. We are therefore pleased to hear that negotiations are opened in France, and we hope and believe, that no rash council will prompt our government not to listen to negotiation from the other belligerent; we may easily get into the dreadful contest which agitates the European world, but we may not so easily extricate ourselves.
The important proclamation, and accompanying letter published in this day's paper, were given in an extra paper yesterday. Our country is thereby placed in the situation, which it was in before the arrangement made by Mr. Erskine.
The conduct of the executive upon this occasion appears in strict conformity to duty. The national will has been legally ascertained, that until the orders in council of Britain, and the decrees of France are rescinded, that no intercourse should be had with either. A partial relaxation as to one of the belligerents made under mistaken expectations ought not to defeat the will of the people, as expressed by their representatives.
QUARLUS in our next.
Extract of a letter from a member of the British Parliament to his friend in Boston, dated May 31, 1809.
"I moved last night in the house of commons for copies of Mr. Erskine's instructions, and the papers relative to the arrangement entered into by him with the government of the United States, which are granted, and will enable the people both of this country and of America, to form a correct judgment of the conduct of his majesty's ministers.
"Notwithstanding the confusion that Mr. Erskine has occasioned, every thing is so well understood between the two governments, that Mr. Pinkney is going quietly with his family to spend the summer at Brighton."
We are informed, upon very respectable authority, that Mr. Secretary Smith has declared that he never saw the instructions of Mr. Erskine, as lately published, and that during their conversation, previous to the arrangement, no allusion was had to the two points mentioned in Mr. Canning's published dispatch. It is also added, that Mr. Erskine persists in declaring that he has acted strictly in conformity to his instructions. Thus the whole odium of the rejection of the arrangement devolves on Mr. Canning.
While speaking on this subject, we are naturally led to notice a report now circulating—A passenger of respectability in the Mentor, says, that the day previous to his sailing from France, accounts were received there from England to the 30th of June, which stated, that the government of Great Britain had issued a proclamation, ratifying in its fullest extent, the agreement entered into between Mr. Smith and Mr. Erskine. Desirable as such intelligence must be, we cannot at present persuade ourselves to believe it; though from many circumstances, it is not at all improbable. Ref's Gaz.
French Captures.—Col. Thorndike, of Beverly, has received a letter from Paris by the Syren, informing him of the capture of his schooner the Mary, capt. Larcom, taken by two French boats, within a few hours sail of her port in Sardinia, and carried into Civita Vecchia, where it was expected she would be condemned, on the pretext of wanting the French consul's certificate. Three American vessels which had arrived at Naples (names not recollected) were also seized and the property sequestered—Civita Vecchia is nominally under the Popes dominion, and Naples under king Joachim (we believe they call him) but all Italy is really under the controul of Napoleon, the appointed servant of God, according to the belief of our good democrats. (Salem Gaz.)
[From the Aurora—SUSPICIOUS.]
The following, extracted from a letter, to a respectable merchant in this city, was handed to us on Saturday evening:
"PARIS, 4th July, 1809. "The messenger is just leaving Paris for L'Orient, in order to embark in the Mentor, for the United States. I have the particular satisfaction to acquaint you, that I have just had an interview with your minister, by whom I am authorised to say, that a courier has arrived from the emperor, ordering the charge des affaires of Mr. Champagny (this must mean the gentleman who takes charge of the chief bureau in Champagny's absence) to treat on the American affairs; that the dispatches by the Mentor were favourably received by his majesty; that negotiations are now open; that the government evinces an evident disposition not only to re-establish our commercial relations on a good but a much more advantageous footing, than has heretofore been; and that to judge from present circumstances, all existing differences will very soon be amicably adjusted. "When the negotiation is terminated, it is to be submitted to the Emperor for his approbation, after which the result will be made known."
From the National Intelligencer.
There will be found in our preceding columns a short debate in the British house of commons on a call for further parts of the correspondence between Mr. Canning and Mr. Erskine, from which it appears that Mr. Canning has resisted their production on the ground of prejudicing a pending negotiation, with what colour of justice we leave it to the reader to determine. Until much stronger light is shed on the subject, we must continue to believe that
Mr. Erskine has been, either formally or verbally, authorised to make the propositions submitted to him by our government. We partially assigned our reasons for this belief before the appearance of the note of Mr. Canning to him. This note, from the astonishing complexion of its contents, strengthens our first impression.
Its date naturally gives rise to the suspicion that some other instructions, formal or verbal, ensued, above twenty days having elapsed between its date and the departure of Mr. Oakley for this country.
It does not, as usual, recognise Mr. Oakley as its bearer, thence strengthening the inference that subsequent instructions were penned, of which he was the bearer.
It does not explicitly recognise instructions before given. Why are these withheld?
It contains no allusion to the affair of the Chesapeake, which, from the strain of Mr. Erskine's correspondence with the secretary of state, made so important a feature, if not indispensable preliminary to the proposition relative to the revocation of the orders in council.
It contains allegations which we believe to be totally unfounded. It ascribes to Mr. Madison, Mr. Gallatin, and Mr. Smith, on the authority of Mr. Erskine, the declaration that the American government were prepared to "renounce during the present war the carrying on all trade with the enemy's colonies from which she was excluded during peace," a principle for which Mr. Madison, as secretary of state, had strenuously contended, as strictly conformable to the law of nations, and as all important to the American merchant. We do not believe that the members of the cabinet named, ever authorised Mr. Erskine to make this assurance to his government. And as Mr. Canning has already, in a memorable instance, been convicted of misrepresenting the declarations of our government, we must, until a full disclosure of the correspondence is made, ascribe this misrepresentation to him. The other assurance, said to have been derived from Mr. Pinkney, that his government would agree to authorise the capture by British cruisers of all American vessels trading with France, and the powers adopting and acting under the French decrees, is alike incredible. We do not believe that Mr. Pinkney ever gave it; we do not believe his government authorised it; we do not believe the American nation would have acquiesced in it if it had. But to what rational motive can we ascribe this allegation of Mr. Canning, supposing Mr. Erskine not to have authorised it? To the same motive, we reply, that prompted Mr. Canning solemnly, to declare on the floor of parliament, that our government had not offered to remove the embargo so far as it affected England on her revoking her orders, when, in truth, the offer had been long since made; to the same motive that prompted the more recent publication in this country of his celebrated letter to Mr. Pinkney, without publishing the reply; both of which steps had the effect for a time of flagrantly misrepresenting the opinions and conduct of our government. As in these two instances, so in that now under notice, Mr. Canning has calculated upon instilling into the minds of the American people suspicions of the virtue or firmness of those who administer their affairs; and certainly nothing could more admirably subserve this purpose than the general belief that Messrs. Madison, Gallatin, Smith, and Pinkney made the propositions imputed to them.
Mr. Canning no where expressly declares that this note was the whole instruction given to Mr. Erskine even relative to the orders in council. He says, "you are at liberty to communicate this dispatch in extenso to the American secretary of state." For what purpose? Doubtless, to obtain, if favoured by circumstances, a revocation of the orders. A government so constantly in the habit of yielding to circumstances as that of Great Britain entertained a hope that events in this country would arise that might lead our government to yield even to these humiliating terms. Their friends here, no doubt, advised them, that our people were on the eve of rebellion, and their government on the brink of dissolution. It was judged that no price would be deemed too great that should avert these awful calamities. Under this state of things, Mr. Erskine was authorised to communicate this dispatch to the Secretary of State. Did he communicate it? No. Why? Because, a different state of things existed from that it contemplated; a state of things which, he must have well known, would have rendered its presentation in the highest degree insulting; a state of things, which justified his acting under some other dispatch, framed to meet different events—events which manifested the triumph of principle and the abortion of British hopes in this country. "For this purpose," says Mr. C. "you are at liberty to communicate this dispatch." What purpose? To obtain a distinct and official recognition of the above degrading conditions from the American government. Well. If this purpose could have been answered by communicating this dispatch, Mr. Erskine would have communicated it, is proof that it could not be effected; and if it could not be effected, he was not at liberty to communicate it. This view of the case acquires no mean strength from being the only one which satisfactorily accounts for Mr. Erskine's not having communicated this dispatch. If we suppose that there was another dispatch sited to other circumstances all difficulty vanishes, the more than Egyptian darkness is dispelled, and we are enabled to reconcile the correspondence and arrangements of Mr. Erskine. The lofty and insolent tone of the note of the 23d of January, from its not being communicated, presents no obstacle to an adjustment, and the numerous inconsistencies and contradictions between this note and the propositions of Mr. Erskine no longer stare us in the face.—Whereas, supposing this to have been the only instruction, we perceive nothing but opposition and inconsistency. For instance—
Mr. Erskine's first letter to Mr. Smith breathes a spirit of amity and confidence towards the American government—Mr. Canning's dispatch, on the contrary, manifests nothing but distrust, and tauntingly offers an opportunity to our government to give proof of its sincerity!
The dispatch notices the interdiction of French ships of war from the waters of the United States, a topic on which Mr. Erskine's letter is totally silent.
The dispatch commands the extension of the "non-importation act" to the other belligerents, adding "these measures remove those preliminary objections, which must otherwise have precluded any useful or amicable discussion." Not final agreement, but merely discussion. Mr. Erskine in his correspondence and arrangement, is again silent on this head, and does not even make an effort for what is pronounced indispensable even to amicable discussion.
The dispatch says "In this state of things, it is possible for G. Britain to entertain (not definitively adopt) propositions" of the humiliating complexion we have stated. Mr. Erskine, without a scruple, definitively agrees and pledges his government, under an authority vested in him for that express purpose, to propositions, totally different and equally honourable to both governments.
The dispatch says, on receiving an official recognition of the alone degrading terms "his majesty will lose no time in sending to America, a minister fully empowered to consign them to a formal and regular treaty." Mr. Erskine announces his majesty's determination of sending an envoy "invested with full powers to conclude a treaty on ALL THE POINTS of the relations between the two countries."

By the President of the United States of America, A PROCLAMATION.
WHEREAS in consequence of a communication from his Britannick Majesty's Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, declaring that the British orders in council of January and November, 1807, which have been withdrawn on the 10th day of June last; and by virtue of authority given, in such event, by the 11th section of the act of congress entitled "an act to interdict the commercial intercourse between the United States and Great Britain and France and their dependencies and for other purposes," I, JAMES MADISON, President of the United States, did issue my Proclamation bearing date on the 19th of April last, declaring that the Orders in Council aforesaid would have been so withdrawn on the said 10th day of June, after which the trade suspended by certain acts of congress might be renewed; and whereas it is now officially made known to me that the said orders in council have not been withdrawn agreeably to the communication and declaration aforesaid: I do hereby proclaim the same, and consequently that the trade renewable on the event of the said orders being withdrawn, is to be considered as under the operation of the several acts by which such trade was suspended.
Given under my hand and the seal of the United States at the City of Washington the ninth day of August in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and nine, and of the Independence of the said United States the thirty-fourth. (Signed) JAMES MADISON. By the President, R. SMITH, Secretary of State.
[The following letter has been addressed by the Secretary of the Treasury to the respective Collectors, in consequence of the above Proclamation:] (CIRCULAR.) TREASURY DEPARTMENT, August 9th, 1809. Sir,
You will herewith receive the copy of a Proclamation of the President of the United States, announcing that certain British Orders in Council were not withdrawn on the 10th day of June last, and consequently that the trade renewable, on the event of the said orders being withdrawn, is to be considered as under the operation of the several acts by which such trade was suspended.
The act "to amend and continue in force certain parts of the act entitled "An act to interdict the commercial intercourse between the United States and Great Britain and France and their dependencies, and for other purposes," passed on the 28th day of June, is therefore in every respect applicable to Great Britain and her dependencies, as well as to France and her dependencies; any thing in my circular of 29th June last, to the contrary notwithstanding.
It results that from the receipt of this, you must in every instance, except as hereinafter expressed, refuse clearances for British ports, requiring as usual, bonds from all vessels bound to permitted ports, in the manner provided by the second section of the act abovenoted. But as many British vessels have or may come into the ports of the United States in consequence of the president's proclamation of the 19th of April last, he directs that you will permit such British vessels to depart without giving bond, either in ballast, or with the cargo on board when notified of the enclosed proclamation: it being however understood that this indulgence shall not be extended to any other vessels than such as are now in the ports of the United States, or such as may hereafter arrive, having sailed from a foreign port before information of the enclosed proclamation shall have been received at such port.
The president also directs that, until a decision from Congress on that unexpected point shall have been obtained, or until otherwise instructed, seizures or prosecutions for supposed contraventions of either the abovenoted act or of the non-intercourse act of 1st March last, arising from acts which would, in conformity with his proclamation of the 19th April last, have been considered as lawful, shall be suspended in the following cases, viz.
1. All vessels which have entered a British port since the 10th of June last, or which may hereafter enter such port, having sailed for the same, before information of the enclosed proclamation had been received at the port of departure; so far as relates to any forfeiture or penalty which may accrue or have accrued by reason of their having thus entered a British port.
2. All vessels which have arrived, either from British ports or with British merchandise in the United States subsequent to the 10th of June last; and also all vessels which may hereafter thus arrive, having sailed for the United States, before information of the enclosed proclamation shall have been received at the port of departure; so far as relates to any forfeiture or penalty accruing from having arrived or arriving in the United States from British ports or with British merchandise.
3. All vessels now owned by citizens of the United States, and sailing under the American flag, which, being in a foreign port at the time when the enclosed proclamation will be made known at such port, shall with all due diligence depart therefrom, and return without delay to the United States; so far as relates to any forfeiture or penalty accruing from their arriving in the United States from British ports, or with British merchandise.
In the abovenoted cases of vessels arriving in the United States, and which are for the present exempted from seizure, the vessels and cargoes may be admitted to entry.
The time when the enclosed proclamation shall have been at the ports of departure respectively, must be ascertained by the best means in your power; and you may refer doubtful cases to this department.
Application may of course still be made in all cases for an absolute remission of the forfeitures and penalties in the manner provided for by law; the instruction herein given to abstain from prosecutions and seizures in the abovenoted cases, being only intended to prevent the expenses and inconvenience to which the parties concerned would otherwise be exposed.
I am, respectfully, Sir. Your obedient servant, ALBERT GALLATIN. The Collector of,
From the Boston Centinel of August 5. LATEST FROM PORTUGAL.
(From our correspondent in Gloucester.) Gloucester, August 4. The schooner Jane, capt. Ignatius Webber, has just arrived in 37 days from Lisbon. I send you some Lisbon papers, together with what ship news we have had. The verbal intelligence we bring, is, that the English and Portuguese had marched against Madrid. Your's &c. J. L. The papers communicated by our obliging correspondent, are of the 19th, 20th and 21st of June. They are filled with the accounts of the war on the Danube, which have been anticipated by arrivals from France and England. The following is the only article of local news they contain:
Lisbon, June 19. Yesterday arrived here a number of transports with two regiments of English troops from Gibraltar. At the same time, two other regiments arrived from England. We daily expect other reinforcements.
From the New York Evening Post. FRANCE.—I yesterday awakened the curiosity of my readers, to two interesting and extraordinary publications which I had received from France, and which I promised to give to day. Their length, particularly of the second, renders it impracticable to give them both at once. Here follows the first; the second will be found in the Evening Post of Monday next. A few introductory words may be expected as to the nature of these papers, and the manner in which they came into my possession. As to the last particular, I am not at liberty to disclose from whom I received them: that they are genuine I have no hesitation to pledge myself. The originals, in French, are now before me, sent by a gentleman in Paris to a merchant of the first respectability in this city. These two papers were published at Paris in the form of letters from individuals to individuals, and it is hardly necessary to inform any person whatever, that the press at Paris is more rigorously watched, guided and controuled by the agents of the government, than has ever been known in any country. Since the elevation of Buonaparte, not a syllable has been heard from the press, but what was first examined and duly licenced. These letters therefore, are to be considered as the semi-official language of the French government. And the ability with which they are certainly written, the intimate knowledge they display of the subjects of which they treat, particularly the commercial relations of the three countries, afford internal evidence of their origin. The first was sent out directly after the news of our non-intercourse reached France: the second after the news of the arrangement between Mr. Smith and Mr. Erskine. The object of both, undoubtedly, was to inflame the French people, and prepare their minds for war with the United States: As a circumstance corroborative of which, I am authorized to mention it as a fact, that when the account of Mr. Canning's disavowal reached France, the most active and diligent efforts were made to get in every copy again. These which have reached us were among the few that escaped. The reader is now prepared for the perusal of these curious letters. And let him read them, and then doubt if he can, whether the hand of Napoleon was the source of our embargo or not. Letters to Monsieur Le Comte de *** on the repeal of the embargo law by the congress of the United States.
Timeo Danais et dona ferentes. PARIS, May 10, 1809. You enquire of me, Monsieur Le Comte, what is my opinion relative to the raising of the embargo which has existed for upwards of a year in the ports of the United States? In reply to you, I hesitate not to assert, that that measure is one of the most important and artful manoeuvres ever practised by the British cabinet:—This I shall readily demonstrate to you. The closing of the Sound and of Trieste becoming daily more inevitable, the commerce of England was at length on the point of being cut off from all communication with the continent; toto divisos orbe Britannos. The vast prohibitory system, so wisely conceived by the genius which governs France, was about to be completely executed. Overstocked with the merchandise of the two Indies, without any possible outlet, her manufactures driven from the immense market of the American as well as from that of the European continent, England for once was on the verge of receiving the reward of her insatiable avarice, and of sinking under the weight of her ill-acquired riches. What was she to do to extricate herself from that critical situation, to transport to all the places in the world which her own vessels cannot approach, those vast collections of merchandise of every description continually accumulating upon the banks of the Thames?
The assistance of a people by nature adventurous, active, ambitious, possessing an immense number of merchant ships, able to navigate at a small expense, exploring every sea, dreading no danger to satisfy a similar thirst of gold; that assistance she has just obtained by the raising of the American embargo. We learn by the last letters from America, that the measure has been destroyed, if I may say so, by open force, by the Federal party; that is to say, by the English party. It is well known that at least two thirds of the American commerce is carried on with English capital, and on account of Englishmen.
From whence it follows that the renewed immense extension of the pretended American commerce, must in the end, turn to the advantage of this same English commerce, which a moment ago was on the verge of ruin. Who then can be the dupe of that pretended impartiality which congress affects to be desirous of preserving in its act for raising the embargo? The meanest shop-boy in London would not be imposed upon by that clumsy artifice. The congress addresses the same demands to France and to England. It requires of both powers to respect its flag, it threatens to shut its ports against that one which shall violate its neutrality, and even to declare war against it. But this time, especially, when France is or is about to be deprived of her last possessions in the West-Indies, the American people well knew that they have no longer any thing to fear from her in any respect, and that by keeping at a distance from our shores in Europe we cannot molest their vessels; whilst England, mistress of the seas, a neighbour of the United States, can wound them sensibly in every quarter. It was then necessary, in order to seem neutral, to find a way to satisfy England, without appearing to submit to her tyrannical pretensions; and behold what has been devised, and already put in practice, according to authentic accounts.
At the departure of the dispatch vessel Mentor from New-York, more than 100 vessels were already lading or departed for Holland, where they well knew they would not be received and where they had not the intention to go. Several have already arrived in England, notwithstanding the prohibition of congress and the bonds which have been required.
On approaching the English coast, they cause themselves to be captured by the first English vessel they meet; and then prove that their cargo is English property; they are released with document to prove their capture, which exempts them from the penalties incurred, they pay in England the duties fixed by the orders in council, and may then go whither they think fit. But as these secret subterfuges would not be sufficient for all the operations of commerce in general; they have found another method to favour them in the greatest possible extent.
American vessels go (and many are already on the way) to the Island of Madeira, which will shortly become a vast entrepot; there they deposit their goods, the English will bring thither theirs, and an immense exchange of the merchandise of the two worlds will take place. The same things will be done at St. Bartholomew, and at all the other pretended neutral places. The English manufactures will be accompanied by certificates of Swedish or German origin, and may without obstacle enter the American continent.
From these different entrepots the Americans will inundate the Americas with English productions, they will fill with them all the ports of Europe into which they may be permitted to enter. And thus behold the English monopoly re-established in all its rights in all its advantages, able to defray for one hundred years more, the expenses of a war which it alone supports, and which it has so much interest to prolong. And without the raising of the embargo, how would England have been able long to subsist her colonies and her conquests? How would the Spanish colonies have prolonged their disobedience to the laws of their new sovereign? How would the unhappy island of St. Domingo have been able to feed the fury of the parties who lacerate it? How in short, without the numerous supplies of every kind which are about to be carried to them would the revolted provinces in the south of Spain have long resisted the force employed to reduce them to submission? Thus, sir, upon whatever side we look upon the question, the raising of the embargo is one of the greatest victories which England ever gained in behalf of her commerce; one of the most destructive measures to the system adopted by the moderation of the European continent, which was at length on the point of gathering the fruits of so many privations and sacrifices, and which is perhaps about to lose them forever. To console us for a resolution so disastrous to us, the United States are pleased to offer us the entry into their ports, of some wines and brandy—What compensation! It would at present require twenty cargoes of those articles, to pay for a single one of colonial produce, and all the gold of France would quickly flow in torrents, as at the time, not long since when the Americans arrived by hundreds in our ports. Who knows not that they give a marked preference to the wines of Madeira, of Spain & Portugal, as being more spirituous; to the brandies of Catalonia, as being cheaper; and that not content with consuming them themselves, they will carry them to the north of Europe, to the great prejudice of our own, which have already found there by land a very active export. They will sell us Tobacco—but will it suit us to suffer a new branch of agriculture to perish, which is daily making amongst us the greatest progress, and which frees us from an onerous tribute to foreigners? Cottons—but cannot the Levant furnish us with a sufficient quantity, and receive in exchange the products of our rich manufactures? Sugars and Coffees—whence can they now obtain them, if it be not from the possessions of England or her conquests? and will they impudently bring us the produce of our own colonies, which have become the prey of our enemies? That would be too much. Besides, what need have we of those too expensive superfluities, the consumption of which does so much injury to the products of our own agriculture? If our Sybarites cannot absolutely do without them, will our privates suffer them to want? We might sir, add many other reflections to those which I have just made—but let us continue ourselves to this one: The Americans tolerated by us as neutrals, will do still greater injury with respect to the exportation of our corn. They can carry theirs to much better advantage to all the countries that consume ours—Their corn, at the same and even at a higher price, will always be preferred by the English. They will carry it to Spain, to Portugal, and will deprive us also of the last market which yet remained to the Southern provinces. All that we have hitherto said applies not only to France, but to all the countries subject to her controul. We may then draw the just and disagreeable conclusion, That all maritime and colonial commerce allowed or tolerated upon the continent of Europe, will always turn to the advantage of the English nation, and will furnish it with means to prolong the war; That the Americans are becoming their most powerful auxiliaries in that commerce, and that the veil under which they pretend to disguise it, will give it a new energy; That it is in the highest degree the interest of France and her allies to destroy by all possible methods, this odious connivance between a nation who stiles herself our friend, and the eternal enemy of our repose and prosperity. (Signed) D. C. P. S. I had just finished my letter, when I learned from an authentic source, that every thing is amicably and definitively arranged between England and the United States; and as it is said in the London papers of the 29th of April, to mutual satisfaction. This frank and open proceeding of the United States, is at least more decent than those which they had at first adopted. They are now under an engagement with England not to come to France nor to Holland, nor to Italy, and to take from them even the inclination to do so (admire the precaution) a new order of council of the 29th of April last, puts all those places in a state of rigorous blockade. All the ports of the United States are open, as formerly, to the English commerce. This is well—it remains to be known whether these fortunate arrangements will not be deranged, whether he who can cause what he declares to be executed, will suffer all the countries which surround France to be inundated with English merchandise, which would be fraudulently introduced into the interior of his empire; whether the frontiers of Germany and Switzerland will not be shut as rigorously as those of Holland, against every thing proceeding from the pretended American commerce; whether all the allies will not make common cause with us for the absolute exclusion of a too suspicious flag; whether the precautions will not be redoubled and carried to the last excess of severity; whether in short we must not learn to relinquish altogether some factitious enjoyments in order to prevent one or two millions of men from perishing victims of English monopoly and of the cupidity of their accomplices. D. C. Five or Six Gentlemen Can be accommodated with BOARDING in a genteel Private Family. Apply to the Printer. August 11.
Gazette Marine Memoranda.
ARRIVED. Sloop Eliza, from St. Kitts, St. John, Molasses, & Fruit. Genoa, December. Sch'r Constellation, from St. Kitts, St. John, Molasses, & Fruit. The sch'r Ocean, Haynes, of Folly Landing, arrived at Baltimore the 5th inst. from St. Bartholomew. The sch'r Capac, Strong, of this port went to Carthagena the 11th July to sail for Norfolk in 5 or 6 days.
PORT OF NORFOLK AND PORTSMOUTH.
CUSTOM-HOUSE-ENTERED. Brig Mehitable, Manson, Grenada, Sch'r Hiram, Barnes, Philadelphia, Constellation, Fisher, do. Sloop Eliza, Pratt, St. Kitts, President, Ferguson, Baltimore. CLEARED. Sch'r Laurel, Wakefield, Matanzas, Vandyck, PUNCHARD, Salem, Eliza, Sever, Baltimore.
AUCTION.
On WEDNESDAY, the 16th instant, At Maxwell's Wharf, at 11 o'Clock, Will be Sold, the CARGO of the Brig Mehitable, consisting of 100 punch. choice Grenada RUM. Terms: Cash for sums under 300 dollars; 60 days over 300 dollars and under 600 dollars; over 600 dollars 90 and 120 days, for approved notes. Immediately after the Sale of the Rum, Will be Sold, The Brig MEHITABLE. She is in good order, and can be ready to receive a cargo in a few days. Francis Smith, V. M. August 14.
On Wednesday at 11 o'Clock, on Commerce Street Wharf, Will be Sold, 50,000 wt. COFFEE, and 50,000 do. Muscovado SUGAR. Terms made known on the day of sale. August 4.
FOR SALE OR BARTER, For West-India Produce, at the Subscriber's Bake-Houses on Commerce Street and Town Point, 60,000 wt. NAVY BREAD, 10,000 do Pilot do. Superfine do. do. from New Flour, 50 barrels Crackers, 100 do. Ship Bread. STEPHEN HARRIS. ALSO, 240 Casks STONE LIME. August 14.
NOTICE.
All persons having claims against the Estate of WILLIS GEORGE, deceased, are requested to bring them forward properly attested for adjustment; for which purpose I am authorised by the Executrix to dispose of TWO NEGROES, viz a Woman about 18 years old, and a boy about 14 years. Francis S. Taylor. August 11.
A very desirable LOT for Sale.
I am authorised by Mrs. NANCY GEORGE, Executrix of JOHN GEORGE deceased, to sell that very desirable Lot at the foot of Colley's Bridge, to which an effectual title can be made agreeable to the will of the said deceased. The Lot has a comfortable Dwelling-House upon it, about 18 by 20, two rooms below and two above: It commences 15 feet to the eastward of the house, and runs back to Hodge's lane 60 feet; thence parallel with the street out to the channel of the creek, about 4 or 500 feet. A liberal credit will be given for part of the purchase money. Francis S. Taylor. August 11.
BOOT AND SHOE FACTORY.
THE SUBSCRIBER takes the liberty of informing the inhabitants of Norfolk and its vicinity, that he has commenced business in Main-Street, two doors from the Exchange-Coffee House, where he has laid in, selected by himself in Philadelphia, an assortment of materials in the line of his profession, such as
Boot Legs, Tops, Vamps, and Calf Skins, Of a superior quality; together with an assortment of Morocco and Kid Skins of different patterns and colours, and such as now worn by the fashionable of England and France. He has brought with him some workmen from Philadelphia equal to any in the United States; and begs leave to suggest to the Ladies that he has employed a person solely for the purpose of making fashionable SHOES—SPANG-LING done in the neatest manner, equal to that of London, as in Philadelphia he procured some of the most fashionable patterns by the late arrivals from England. From the knowledge he has of business, having worked in some of the best factories in London, Dublin, and Philadelphia, he flatters himself to give general satisfaction to those who favour him with their orders; added to which his prices shall be reasonable, as Cash will be required for every article on delivery. August 9.
Millinery and Mantua-Making Business.
THE SUBSCRIBER informs the Ladies of Norfolk, Portsmouth, and their vicinities, that she has arrived here from Philadelphia, and has opened Shop in Main-Street, No. 101, next to Mr. Peter Elliott's, where she carries on the above business in the most fashionable manner. This she is enabled to do, having provided herself with the latest and most fashionable PATTERNS from England and France. ELIZA FRY. Who has for Sale, a fashionable assortment of Ladies' Kid and Morocco SHOES, Of the best quality. August 9.
J. MORAN, Ship Chandlery and Hardware.
Has just received per the schooner Rising Star, captain Gilbert, via New-York, in addition to his former supply, AN ASSORTMENT OF Ship Chandlery and Hardware; Among which are the following, London White Lead, Sheet Lead, Wedding Hoop, Toa Boxes, Baskets, &c. August 7.

Eagle Fire Company of New-York.
Office of the Company, No. 39, Wall-Street.
PROPOSALS
For Insuring Houses, Buildings, Stores, Ships in Harbour, Goods, Wares, and Merchandise, FROM LOSS OR DAMAGE BY FIRE.
THE Legislature of the state of New-York, having incorporated the Eagle Fire Company of New-York, with a capital of five hundred thousand dollars...
No insured person will be liable to make good the losses of others; but in case of fire, the insurer will be fully indemnified.
Classes of Hazards, and Rates of Annual Premiums for Insurance against Fire.
HAZARDS OF THE FIRST CLASS. Brick or Stone buildings, covered with slate, tiles, or metal.
HAZARDS OF THE SECOND CLASS. Brick or Stone buildings, covered with wood.
HAZARDS OF THE THIRD CLASS. Buildings, the sides of which are part of brick or stone, and part of wood.
HAZARDS OF THE FOURTH CLASS. Buildings, the sides of which are entirely of wood.
This manner of classing hazards will give a general idea of the rates of insurance, but there will necessarily be an increase of premium in all cases where the local situation, or other circumstances, increase the risk...
Conditions of Insurance. I. All applications for Insurance must be made at the office of the company, in writing, and the subject offered for Insurance accurately described.
II. If the property offered for insurance is within the district of a surveyor of this company, he will examine and report thereon; but if not within any such district, then the applicant must himself furnish an accurate and just description thereof...
III. Goods held in trust, or on commission, are to be declared as such; otherwise the policy will not extend to cover such property.
IV. Every policy of Insurance, made by this Company, shall be sealed with its seal, and signed by the President and Secretary...
V. No Insurance will be considered as made or binding, until the Premium is paid.
VI. Persons insuring Property with this Company, and who have already made other Insurance on the same property, shall give notice thereof in writing, at the Company's Office...
VII. No loss or damage by fire will be paid, that may happen or take place in consequence of any invasion, civil commotion, riot, or military or usurped power whatever.
also speaking, the claimant shall forfeit his claim to receive any payment by virtue of his policy.
XI. In case any difference shall arise, touching any loss or damage, it may be submitted to the judgment of Arbitrators...
XII. Insurance may be made for seven years, by paying the premium for six years, and for a less number of years than seven, a reasonable discount will be allowed.
The Subscriber being appointed Surveyor
for the Eagle Fire Company, upon application, will survey, and value, such buildings, (or property contained therein) upon which Insurance may be required.
Francis Foster, Church-Street, Norfolk.
Extract from "an Act to amend the several Acts amending the Charter of the Borough of Norfolk, passed January 27, 1803."
Sec. 2. And be it further enacted, That the said Court of the Borough of Norfolk, shall annually appoint three persons residing within each ward, a majority of whom may act as supervisors to conduct the elections of Common Councilmen within the same...
Two Valuable FARMS for Sale.
I offer the following Valuable Property for Sale, viz my Farm in Harvey's Neck, and a Tract of Land lying on the N. E. side of Pequmian's River...
I will also sell the FARM on which I live, and my wharf and Lots in Edenton, with the improvements. The Farm in Harvey's Neck contains 220 acres...
The Farm on which I live, contains 50 acres, 200 of which are cleared and under good fence and in prime order, the rest is covered with good timber...
JOHN SKINNER. Moseley's Point, June 4. 1809.
FOR SALE,
A very valuable Tract of LAND, Containing eleven hundred acres, situated at the mouth of York River, in Gloucester County, remarkably pleasant and healthy...
William K. Perrin. Gloucester County, June 24, 1809.
A BARGAIN OFFERED, In a fine and Valuable FARM,
THE Subscriber is disposed to sell his Plantation called LEVEL GREEN, situated in the county of Princess Anne. It contains about 500 acres...
Tally Robinson. Dec. 7.
LANDING
At Newton's wharf, the CARGO of the Brig George, from Matanzas, Consisting of Fine Muscovado SUGAR, in Hhds.
Jennings & Rodney. July 17.
NOTICE.
The Subscriber intends leaving the United States in a few days. Bartholomew Redmon. Norfolk, July 21, 1809.
ANTIGUA RUM.
Landing from on board the sch'r Catharine Shepherd, 25 puncheons Antigua RUM. And in Store, 15 punch. choice 6 years old RUM.
Jennings & Rodney, tf. July 21.
NOTICE.
The Subscriber desires all persons who have claims against him to present them for settlement, and those who are indebted to him are requested to make immediate payment. John Hamilton. July 3.
FOR SALE,
2 Carriages and 6 excellent HORSES, 2 Shires in the Norfolk Theatre, 1 Pew in the Episcopal Church, 1 Pew in the Presbyterian Church, Household and Kitchen Furniture; 3 Milch Cows, 1 Tract of Land in Wake County, N.C. 640 acres, 1 Tract of Land in Granville County N.C. 700 acres, A Negro Family, consisting of a valuable Gardener, his wife and three small children.
Should the abovementioned articles not be disposed of in a short time at private sale, they will be Sold at Publick Auction... William H. Thompson. tf. July 3.
Green Coffee and Leaf Sugar.
20,000 lb. choice Green COFFEE 8,000 do first quality Philadelphia Leaf SUGAR. For Sale on reasonable terms by Donaldson, Thorburn, & Co. March 22.
THE COMMISSIONERS
For Paving the Streets in Norfolk, are desirous to contract for as much clean coarse Sand as shall be necessary for the paving of Market Street...
Bills on London,
For Sale by J. & W. Southgate, tf. May 8.
Just Received,
A few bales very fine India Cottons, suitable for Sheerings, Blankets, superior quality; Bandanna Handkerchiefs, Sewing Silks; Russia Sheetings, &c. For Sale by Wood & Hastings, tf. May 3.
LOST OR MISLAID,
The following LAW BOOKS: 4th Volume of Robinson's Admiralty Reports, 5th do. Comyn's Digest; well on Contract. ALSO, The 2d, 4th, and 12th Volumes of CARY'S AMERICAN MUSEUM; and a folio edition of Pliny's Natural History, printed in the Old English Back Letter, and in the reign of Elizabeth or James I.
The following LAW BOOKS:
Bacon's Abridgment, Gwillim's Edition, Fearn on Contingent Remainder and Executory Devises, Fonblanque on Equity; Espinasse's Nisi Prius, Jones's Law of Biment; Gilbert's Law of Evidence, Harrison's Chancery Practice; Sellon's Practice in B. R. Mitford's Pleadings; Lilley's Entries, Pothier on Obligations; Powell on Contract. These are mostly London, and the latest editions. John Cowper. July 17.
Just Landed,
104 barrels Muscovado SUGAR, 10 boxes clayed do. 150 barrels Old Rye Whiskey, 150 do. Alexandria superfine Flour, 200 do. Middlings. For Sale by Jennings & Rodney. Who offers for RENT, A Dwelling-House with five Rooms, pleasantly situated in the fields. May 17.
FOR RENT.
A Convenient Dwelling House on the Main-Street, near the Bridge, next door to Mrs. Archer. Also, That commodious House on Catharine-street, at present occupied by Mr. James Dykes, adjoining the subscriber; they have excellent gardens, and all convenient out-houses. August 15.
Also,
A very convenient Dwelling-House, just finished, on Commerce-street. For terms apply to James Tucker. tf. August 15.
BEST FRENCH HATS,
Now opening and for Sale by WOOD & HASTINGS. Also, just received on consignment, 3 Trunks CALICOES, 3 cases Shirting Cottons; 2 do. Colrain do. 1 do. Plaidas; 1 do. Ginghams, French Sewing Silk. June 26.
50,000 lbs. prime Green COFFEE,
For Sale by J. & W. Southgate. July 11.
FOR SALE,
A neat well finished Fire-Proof DWELLING-HOUSE, situated in Cumberland-Street, and at present occupied by Miss Edgcomb. Also, one half of a very valuable Water Property, fronting Elizabeth-River 410 feet, thence towards the shore 900 feet; also, an improved Lot, well enclosed, adjoining Capt. John Stowe's Dwelling-House; and a House and Lot in York-Town, in a very eligible situation for a retail business, being adjacent the Ferry to Gloucester, one end fitted up for a shop. For terms apply to ROBERT GIBSON. Who finding for a long time past his own applications for the collection of his debts in vain, has appointed Mr. Thomas Davis, (who is well acquainted with his accounts) his attorney, with full power and instructions to collect all debts as promptly as possible, that he may be enabled to satisfy his creditors. May 8.
FOR RENT,
A HOUSE and LOT, On Catharine-Street, adjoining Mr. Wm Thomson's; possession may be had immediately by applying to the subscriber. Who will give Cash for 200 cords WHARF WOOD, on delivery. RICHARD TAYLOR. tf. July 6.
FOR SALE,
100 hogsheads choice MOLASSES. JAMES YOUNG. tf. July 11.
NOTICE.
All those having claims against the Estate of JOHN CALVERT, deceased, are hereby requested to bring them in properly attested, and all persons indebted to the same, to make immediate payment to Richard Taylor, Executor. June 19.
THE SUBSCRIBER
Wishes to Sell, and will Sell or Rent on moderate terms, That very excellent Wharf and Lot, in the town of Gosport, at present occupied by William Smith; the Wharf, Ware-Houses, and Dwelling-House are all in good repair. Thirteen Lots in the Town of Suffolk; And the following Property in Norfolk, Two good Fire-Proof Warehouses on the Eastern side of Commerce-Street, Nos. 4 and 6. Two Dwelling-Houses and Lots on Boush-street, in good repair, and very pleasantly situated. Apply to John Granbery. tf. September 14.
NOTICE.
THE Partnership of T. & W. A. ARMISTEAD is this day dissolved by consent of parties. The settlement of its concerns devolve on W. A. ARMISTEAD, who is authorised to grant discharges, and on whom all persons having claims against the Firm, are requested to call. January 5. W. A. Armistead and George Kelly, have entered into Co partnership. Their business will be conducted under the Firm of ARMISTEAD & KELLY. January 16.
FOR RENT,
That large and commodious Three Story Fire Proof House, on Wide Water-Street, at the head of Rothers's wharf, lately occupied by Messrs. Noble and Arbuthnott & Co. as a Shipchandlery Store. Apply to Lilius M'Pherson. tf. May 12.
Niemeyer and Von Kapp,
Offer for Sale at their Warehouse, in Water-Street, for Cash or approved Paper only, the following GERMAN LINENS, 650 pieces SACKING, 200 do OZNA-BURGS and TICKLENBURGS, 450 do WHITE ROLLS, 80 do HESSIAN do, 30 do FIN PLATILLAS, 35 pieces SHIRT LINEN, 45 do FINE SHEETING, 70 do TABLE CLOTHS, 30 do BED TICKING, 65 do ST. RAVENS DUCK. ALSO, 11,000 BAGS of different sizes and qualities. 110 boxes Spanish SEGARS, 40 do Crown GLASS, 100 do English GLASS, 5 gross empty BOTTLES, 600 do CORKS, 100 wt Bottling WIRE, 20 gross Cowskin WHIPS, 600 wt GLUE, 100 wt OZNA-BURG THREAD, 600 Straws half pint and qt. TUMBLERS, 160 dozen half pint DECANTERS, 120 dozen WINE GLASSES, 100 pair WAFFLE IRONS, 330 pieces PAPER HANGING, 100 pieces OIL CLOTH, 4 cases PORT WINE. And at their Store in Main-Street, Looking Glasses, Glassware, Cutlery, and fancy Articles. We will take in barter, about 25,000 wt. of Green Coffee. Richard Jeffrey & Co. No. 66, Main-street, corner of Bank-Street, have just received from London, per the Ship Planter, An assortment of MEDICINES, of the first quality. Also, a few hundred weight refined Salt Petre, Hardham's Snuff, No 3, and 37, in 1-2 and 1-4 pound canisters, Violet, Benzoin, Windsor and Shaving Soap, Evan's best Crown Lancents, Tooth Brushes of superior kind, Refined Liquorice, &c. They have on hand, and are in daily expectation of receiving from Amsterdam, all kinds of GLASS WARE, suitable to Apothecaries. MEDICINE CHESTS for ships and family use, with printed directions, put up as usual. JOHN PENDRED'S Boot and Shoe Manufactory, No. 70, MAIN-STREET. The publick are respectfully informed, that he has furnished himself with a quantity of the choicest materials in his line of business, and has in his employ some of the best workmen in the borough, and having been long experienced in the business himself, his factory will not be conducted by proxy; he therefore hopes to merit the patronage of the gentlemen of Norfolk and its vicinity, and assures them that no pains shall be wanting on his part to give satisfaction to those who favour him with their commands. N. B. Orders for Double Backstraps, single do. and Cogsacks, executed with the greatest dispatch. August 1.
NORFOLK:
PUBLISHED THREE TIMES A-WEEK, BY WILLIAM DAVIS, FOR THE PROPRIETOR. Opposite the Exchange Coffee-House. Price Six Dollars Yearly, in advance.