Gazette of the United States. (Philadelphia [Pa.]), 1795-11-16 00:00:00

Gazette United States
NUMBER 995.]
MONDAY EVENING, NOVEMBER 16, 1795.
[VOLUME VIII.]
For Charter, THE BRIG M A R Y, John Fleming, master, BURTHEN 2000 barrels of Flour, is now in compleat order to take in a cargo. For terms apply to Gurney & Smith, Who have for Sale, Bordeaux and Cognac Brandy; And a few French Burr Stones. Nov. 14. $
For Jeremie, (To sail in all this month) The beautiful new brig Richard & James, Thomas Adams, master, BUILT of live oak and cedar, and is her first voyage. She is intended for a constant trader, and is particularly well calculated for carrying passengers, having most excel- lent accommodations, and constructed for a remarkable fast sailer. For terms apply to the Captain on board at Race-street wharf, or to RICHARD & JAMES POTTER. Who have on Hand, A large and elegant assortment of Calicoes, Mullins, Ribbons, Shawls, Linens, &c. &c. Nov. 13. d
FOR SALE, BY JOHN CRAIG, No. 12, Dock Street, 10 Pipes of The very best Madeira WINE, 90 quarter casks of Sherry wine, Bristol window glass of different sizes, A quantity of best Havana segars in boxes, A few casks of Sugar, 4 boxes of yard wide Irish linens, 4 bales of do. canvass, 5 bales of red, white, and yellow flannels; And the SHIP PORTSMOUTH, BURTHEN 2600 barrels, now lying at Mr. Thaddeus wharf, in Southwark. Philadelphia, Sept. 22. $
For Charleston, THE BRIG Lovely Rachel, Henry Roland, master, NOW lying at Bickham's wharf. She will positively sail on Saturday next. For freight or passage apply to the Captain on board, or GEO. SIBBALD, Nov. 10. $ No. 170 South Front-street.
To Madeira, PERSEVERANCE, William Richards, master, WILL sail in all next week. For freight or passage ap- ply to JESSE & ROBERT WALN. November 9. d
For Falmouth and a Market, THE SHIP SEDGELEY, John Hodge, master, SHE will sail with all convenient speed. For freight or passage apply to Phillips, Cramond & Co. November 9. d
For LIVERPOOL, THE BRIG ABIGAIL, Thomas Gifford, master, HAS a great part of her cargo engaged, and will sail in a few days. For freight or passage apply on board at Wilcock's wharf, or to THOMAS NEWMAN at Ross's wharf—
Who has for SALE, Coffee, Cotton, Claret in casks and hampers, Old Front- stine Wine in hogsheads, and seven doz. Mens' ruffled Shirts. Oct. 22.
For HAMBURGH, THE SHIP HOLLAND, Christopher Franklin, jun. master, HAS excellent accommodations for passengers; will sail in all this month; three-fourths of her cargo are ready to go on board, a few tons of heavy goods will be taken on freight.—For freight or passage apply to the Master on board, Peter Blight, or to Pragers & Co. September 21, 1795. $
Just Arrived per the Snow Boston, James Kirkpatrick, Master, from Liverpool, 113 Crates well-assorted Queen's Ware, 4000 bushels best stowed fine Salt, & to be sold at No. 1, Pine-street, by James Campbell. Also, a few boxes well-assorted Irish Linens. N. B. Said Snow for Freight or Char- ter, either to the West-Indies or Europe. Enquire as above. August 18. $
FOR SALE, The Schooner RENSSELAER, J. Wendell, master, LYING at Willing and Francis's wharf; a strong, new vessel, five months old, built of red cedar, bur- then 130 tons, supposed will carry about 1200 barrels of flour, is of an easy draft of water, and has excellent accommodations for passengers. For terms apply to T. & J. CLIFFORD. If not sold in two or three days, said vessel will pro- ceed for the state of New-York. Philad. Sept. 29. $
Ship Arethusa. Will be Sold, at Public Auction, On Wednesday, the 18th inst. At 7 o'clock in the Evening, at the Merchants Coffee-House, (For approved notes, at 3 and 6 months) The American ship Arethusa, NOW lying at Messrs. Willing and Francis's wharf; burthen about 3000 barrels; New-Hampshire built, sheath- ed and coppered about 18 months since. The inventory will be seen at the Auction Room. Nov. 13. J. CONNELLY, Auctioneer.
To-Morrow Morning will be Landed, At Stamer's wharf, from on board the Jehosua Eliza, T. Arnold, master, direct from Malaga, 800 Quarter Barrels fresh BLOOM RAISINS. 300 Boxes do. do. do. 300 Jars do. do. do. 400 Boxes do. Muscatel do. 115 Quarter Barrels FIGS 137 Boxes PRUNES 50 Kegs ANCHOVIES 50 Jars GRAPES 94 Sacks Soft Shelled ALMONDS 100 Quarter Casks MOUNTAIN WINE FOR SALE BY PETER KUHN. 5th November. d
GEORGE DOBSON, Has just received by the late arrivals from England, and is now opening at his STORE, No. 134, Market-street, corner of Fourth, A large assortment of broad and narrow Cloths; Pla- tic do. Kerseymires, Coatings, Blankets, Flan- nels, &c. &c. Also, an elegant assortment of London and Manchester printed Calicoes of the newest patterns, adapted for the season, printed Cotton Handkerchiefs and Pullicacs, Pins, &c. which he will sell by the Piece or Package on the lowest terms for Cash or approved notes at 2, 4, & 6 months. November 5. d
Irish Linens. James & Henry Fisher, No. 8, Walnut-street, Have imported by the Rebecca, from Dublin, a large assortment of 7-8 and 4-4 white Linens, 7-8 brown do. 4-4 half white Sheetings, 9-8 brown and white do. 3-4 brown and white Lawns, 7-8 Dowlas; Which they will dispose of on reasonable terms, by the package, for cash or approved Notes, at 60 and 90 days. N. B. The above Goods being immediately from the Manufactories, it is presumed they will be found worthy of notice. Oct. 26. $
FOR SALE, by the Subscribers, IN PENN-STREET. The following articles of the late importation from China 160 Quarter Casks Hysan Tea, 120 Quarter Casks Suchong Tea, 480 Boxes China, containing Tea Sets, 4500 Pieces Nankeens. Willings & Francis. September 14. d
The highest price in Cash, will be given for EMPTY BOTTLES, A preference will be given to Claret Bottles.—Apply to No. 187, South Third-street. April 10. d
Hare's Patent Floor Cloth, WITHOUT SEAM. THE manufacturer has just imported by the LIGHT HORSE FROM BRISTOL, an elegant assortment of the newest and best Patterns, which are in excellent preservation, from 9 feet square to 18 by 15 feet; like- wise, for Stairs, Entries, and Halls, from 3 yard to 3 yards wide. The subscriber respectfully informs purchasers, that Floor Cloths laid under woollen Carpets during the win- ter, will be in a state of improvement till the spring, and render rooms warm by preventing air from passing be- tween the boards. JOHN BROWNE, No. 145 north Second-street. WHO HAS FOR SALE, A quantity of Remnants to lay before the fire for the pro- servation of woollen Carpets; Dip and mould Candles, with fine cotton wick; Brown and white Soap, of a very superior quality, in small boxes fitted for families; White Lead; Red Lead; Spanish Brown; Orange Mine ral, &c. &c. November 10. cod.
For sale, at low prices, NAILS by the cask, from 3d to 10d assorted, and a vari- ety of Sprigs, Brads, and Tacks; Cotton and wool Cards, from No. 1 to 12; Hatters and stock Cards; Cards set in calf, suitable for cotton machines. Also, Machines for cutting and heading Nails, with a va- riety of articles suitable for that business, which will be sold together. A large stock of Wire, and other articles for carrying on the Card Manufactury, with the valuable machines for cutting the teeth, and other parts of the work. And a quantity of Leather, Teeth, &c. now in forward- ness for finishing. Also, A LEASE OF THE STORE, Occupied by the late partnership of Webber, Adgate and White. As the store is convenient for the business, the machines fixed, and the whole in a condition to be worked, it affords a good opportunity for any one inclining to purchase and follow the business to do it to advantage. Enquire of PETER W. GALLAUDET, Oct. 20. d No. 63 Chestnut-Street.
ADVERTISEMENT. FROM the first of December next, the annual subscrip- tion for this Gazette will be EIGHT DOLLARS. Subscribers out of the City will pay One Dollar a year in addition, for including and directing their Papers. Remote subscribers are requested to pay up arrearages to the above period; also the half year's advance from that time—those who do not, will be considered as de- clining a continuance of their subscription. Advertisements of a square, or less, are published in this Gazette once, for HALF A DOLLAR; and continued at one QUARTER of a DOLLAR for each subsequent insertion. The Editor acknowledges, with gratitude, the favors of his advertising patrons—He assures them, that the en- creased, and increasing number of his subscribers, is con- tinually extending the circulation in the city—Its distant circulation is now equal to that of any other publication. Philadelphia, November 3, 1795.
John Miller, jun. & Co. No. 8, Chestnut-street, In addition to their assortment now received, have on hand remaining of the Cargoes of the Three Brothers & Arethusa from India, And for sale by the package only, A variety of Bengal and Coast Goods, viz. Low priced Coffees 4-4 and 6-4 book mullins Long cloths in do. Panna handkerchiefs Humhums Shirting mullins Baftas Blue romals Cambricks Book handkerchiefs in Mullin small bales neatly as- Taffaties sorted. Blue checks Also—a variety of French Goods, viz. Looking glasses Feathers and Flowers Angola gloves Paper hangings Linens and Linau handkerchiefs, suitable for the West-India market. A few elegant Time Pieces. Oct. 9th. $
James Tiffin, WHOLESALE & RETAIL HATTER, No. 70, South Second-street, near the City Tavern, HAS just received by the late arrivals from London and Bristol, a large and elegant assortment of Ladies and Gentlemens fashionable HATS.—Also, a variety of Childrens HATS of different colours, which will be sold on the lowest terms for cash. N. B. Ladies Hats trimm'd in the newest fashion from London. Oct. 12. $ FOR SALE, Imported in the ship Arethusa, from Calcutta and Madras, a variety of BENGAL GOODS; Guarras, Baftas, Coffees, Humhums, Handkerchiefs, Linens, Persians, Calicoes. To be Sold by the Package, for approved notes at three and four months, by WILLIAM MACLURE & Co. No. 42 Dock Street. or JOHN MILLER, Jun.
German Passengers Just arrived in the ship Holland, Captain Franklin, from Hamburg, now at anchor opposite Vine-street, whose time is to be agreed for by applying on board, or to PRAGERS & Co. September 10. d
The CARGO of the ship Harmony, Ezra Lowell, master—from BORDEAUX, CONSISTING OF BRANDIES, in pipes and puncheons; and CLARET in hogsheads, is discharging from on board the said ship at Cuthbert's wharf, and for sale by Andrew & Meredith, Sept. 15. d No. 86, South wharves.
Landing, at Hamilton's Wharf, The CARGO of the ship Tiffan, J. Christie, master, from Port-au-Prince, CONSISTING OF 120 hogsheads, } Mucovado SUGAR, 73 barrels of } 45 barrels of COFFEE. FOR SALE BY George Sibbald, Oct. 26. d No. 170 South Front-street.
537 Hogsheads, } Coffee, above 600,000lb. 459 Barrels, } 224 Bags, } 115 Hogsheads of choice Jamaica Sugar. 211 Bales of St. Domingo Cotton, Will be landed Monday morning, 26th inst. at South- street wharf, Being the entire cargoes of Snow Hebe, from Jamaica; Brig Polly, and Schooner Industry, from Jeremie, FOR SALE BY Peter Blight. October 22. $
John Miller, jun. and his brother Alexander J. Miller, have entered into partnership, under the Firm of John Miller, jun. & Co. They have received by the arrivals from Europe, and are now opening for SALE, At their STORE, No. 8, Chestnut-street, A capital assortment of DRY GOODS, Suitable to the season—Among which are, Broad and narrow Cloths, Plain and fancy Coatings, Beaverets and chuffs, Rose and point Blankets, A variety of coarse Woollens, Manchester manufactures, Irish Linens, India Goods, generally, French Goods. All of which they will dispose of for cash or the usual credit. October 9. $
Canal Lottery-Office Near the BANK of the UNITED STATES, October 1, 1795. THE drawing of this Lottery began on Monday, the 28th ult. The sale of Tickets is continued by the subscriber, from 8 o'clock in the morning, until 3 o'clock in the afternoon, at the above office, and by J. Roberdeau at the State-House, warranted undrawn. Prize Tickets will be received in payment, subject to the deduction expressed in the tickets—Price 11 dollars until further notice. Approved notes, with a good indorser, payable 20th December next, will be received in payment for tickets amounting to one hundred dollars and upwards. William Blackburn, Agent. Check Book kept at the Office. Tickets examined at 2-100 each number, and registered at 12-100 each ticket. N. B. No tickets sold during the hours of drawing.
LOTTERY OFFICE, N o . 64, South Second-street, CANAL Tickets for sale, and cash or tickets given for any prizes that may be drawn. Information given respecting Washington lottery, and each or Canal tickets given for prizes that may be drawn. Both lotteries commence drawing September 28th. BOOKS will be kept of each day's drawing in both lot- teries, and open gratis to the enquiries of the possessors of Tickets purchased at the OFFICE. Halves, quarters, and eighths of Tickets may be had at the above Office. Sept. 26. $
EXPLANATION By Mr. HAMILTON on the subject of a late Attack upon the President of the United States, and the former and present Secretary of the Treasury, in relation to the Compensation of the President.
A VERY virulent attack has recently been made upon the President of the United States, the present Secretary of the Treasury, and myself as his predecessor in office, on the ground of extra payments to the President on account of his Salary. The charge against all the three are so less heinous than those of intentional violation of the Constitution, of the Laws and of their respective oaths of office. I annex the opines intentional, because, though not expressly used in the terms of the attack, it is implied in every line of it: since an inno- luntary error of construction, if that could even be made out, would not warrant the imputations of contumely and de- spising every principle which the people have established for the security of their rights, of sitting at defiance all law and author- ity and of servile submission and compliance with the lawless will and pleasure of a President.
Were considerations personal to myself alone to be cess- sioned, the present attempt would be treated with no greater attention than has been shown to all the anonymous slander by which I have been so long and so implacably pursued. But convinced, by a course of observation for more than four years, that there exists in this country an unprincipled and daring combination, under the influence of sinister aims, to obstruct by any means which shall be necessary and can be command- ed, not short even of force, the due and efficient administration of the present government, to make our most important na- tional interests subservient to the views of a foreign power, and, as means to these ends, to destroy by calumny and mis- representation the confidence of the people in the truly virtu- ous men of our country, and to transfer it, with the power of the State, to ambitious, intriguing and hypocritical pre- tenders to extraordinary merit and patriotism. Perceiving likewise, that this insinuated combination, in the belief that the well-earned elocim and attachment of his fellow-citizens towards the present Chief Magistrate of the United States is the principal remaining obstacle to the execution of their plan, are making the most strenuous and systematic efforts to extir- guish those sentiments in the breasts of the people—I think it a duty to depart from my general rule of conduct, and to submit to the public, with my name, an explanation of the principles which have governed the Treasury Department on the point in question.
I shall state in the first place, that the rule with regard to expenditures and appropriations which has uniformly regulated the practice of the Department, is this: viz. to issue no money from the Treasury but for an object for which there was a law pre- viously passed, making an appropriation and designating the fund from which the money was to arise. But there being such a law and an adequate fund to support the expenditure, it was deemed justifiable, as well before as after the service was performed or the supply ob- tained for which the appropriation was designed, to make disburse- ments from the Treasury for the object, if it appeared just and ex- pedient so to do. It made before, it was an advance or anticipa- tion for which the party was charged and held accountable, till exonerated by the performance of the service or by the furnishing of the supply.—It afterwards it was a payment, and went to some general head of account as such.
Thus if a sum was appropriated for provisions for the army for a particular year, it was common to make advances on ac- count to the Contractors long before the supplies were furnish- ed. If the law was passed in one year for the next, there would be no hesitation to make the advance, immediately after the passing of the law, and before the year to which the appropriation was applicable, had commenced. So also sums would be furnished to the Department of War in anticipation of the monthly pay of the officers and soldiers and other items of expenditure. And to likewise advances have been made for the use of the President and of the members of both houses of Congress in anticipation of their respective compensa- tions. It will without difficulty be comprehended that this practice of the Treasury has in no wise been essential to the due course of the public service.
Every good judge will be sensible, that from the insufficiency of individual Capitals to such large advances as the sup- plies of an army require, it was indispensable to the obtain- ing them, that anticipations from the Treasury should enable the Contractors to do what otherwise they would have been unable to do; and that these anticipations must also have had the effect of procuring the supplies on cheaper terms to the United States.
When it is considered too that the army has operated for several years past at the distance of five or six hundred miles from the seat of Government, and a considerable part of the year, from the rudeness of the country and obstructions of waters, it is impracticable to transmit monies to the scenes of payment—it will be perceived that without advances from the Treasury in anticipation of their pay, not only a compliance with the engagements of the Government would have been impossible, but the troops must have been always left unreasonably in arrear. In June 1794, Congress passed a law declaring that the army should in future be paid in such manner as that the arrear should not exceed two months—Compliance with this regulation renders anticipations at certain seasons, matter of Phy- sical necessity; yet that law gave no special authority for the purpose.
A particular case, by way of example, in which, distinct from general rules, advances or anticipations in the War Department are necessary, respects the re- cruiting service, the Officers detached on this service, who are for a long time distant from their corps require the accommodation of an advance or pay to be able to discharge their duty. Towards the possibility of en- listing men, it is indispensable they should carry with them the bounty money, and this upon conjecture of what may be done, and with the possibility that from not being able to obtain the men, the ultimate expen- diture may not take place. This instance will suggest to reflection an infinite number of cases, in the course of the public service, in which a disbursement from the Treasury must precede the execution of the object and may exceed the sum finally requisite for it.
These cases indicate the expediency, and even ne- cessity of the construction which has regulated the practice of the Treasury—And it might be shown, if necessary, that it is analogous to the practice under the former government of the United States and under other governments; and this too where the theory of expenditure is, as expressed in our Constitution, that no money shall be expended, but in consequence of an ap- propriation by law.
It remains to see whether this rule of conduct, so indispensable in the practice of the Department, be permitted by a fair interpretation of the constitution and the laws. The general injunction of the Constitution (Article I, § IX.) is that "no money shall be drawn from the Treasury but in consequence of appropriations made by law."
The question on the clause is whether when an appropriation has been made for a particular service or supply, the actual disbursement from the Treasury must follow the service or supply, in the nature of payment, or may precede it in the nature of an ad- vance? I hold the last construction which is that adopted by the Treasury to be the true one. The clause just cited appears to me to be exact- ly equivalent to this other clause—"No money shall be drawn from the Treasury but for which there is an appropriation made by law," in other words, before money can legally issue from the Treasury for any purpose, there must be a law authorizing an expendi- ture and designating the object and the fund. This being done, the disbursement may be made contig- uantly with the constitution, either by way of advance

anticipation or by way of payment. It may precede or follow the service, supply or other object of expenditure—Either will equally satisfy the words, "in consequence of," which are not words of strict import, but may be taken in several senses—In one sense, that is "in consequence of" a thing, which, being bottomed upon it, follows it in order of time.
A disbursement must be either an advance or anticipation of a payment—'Tis not presumable, that the Constitution meant to distinguish between these two modes of disbursement—It must have intended to leave this matter wholly to convenience.
The design of the Constitution in this provision was, as I conceive, to secure these important ends, that the purpose, the limit and the fund of every expenditure should be ascertained by a previous law. The public security is complete in this particular if no money can be expended, but for an object to an extent and out of a fund, which the laws have prescribed.
Even in cases, which effect only individual interests, if the terms of a law will bear several meanings, that is to be preferred which will best accord with convenience. In cases which concern the public, this rule is applicable with still greater latitude—Public convenience is to be promoted, public inconvenience to be avoided. The business of administration requires accommodation to so great a variety of circumstances, that a narrow construction would in countless instances arrest the wheels of Government.
It has been shown, that the construction which has been adopted at the Treasury is in many cases essential in practice—This inclines the scale in favour of it—the words "in consequence of" admitting of various significations.
The practice of the Legislature, as to appropriation-laws, favours this construction.
These laws are generally distinct from those which create the cause of expenditure. Thus the act which declares that the President shall be allowed at the rate of twenty five thousand Dollars per annum, that which declares that each Senator and Representative shall be entitled to so much per day, that which determines that each Officer and soldier shall have so much per month, &c.—neither of these acts is an act of appropriation. The Treasury has not conceived itself authorised to expend a single cent upon the basis of any such act; regarding it merely as constituting a claim upon the government for a certain compensation, but requiring prior to an actual disbursement for such claim, that a law be passed authorising the disbursement out of a special fund. This is what is considered as the law, by which the appropriation is made; from which results to the public a double security.
Hence every year a particular act (sometimes more than one) is passed appropriating certain sums for the various branches of the public service, and indicating the funds from which the monies are to be drawn—The object, the sum and the fund are all that are to be found in these acts—They are commonly, if not universally silent as to any thing further.
This I regard as conclusive of the clause in the constitution. The appropriation laws are in execution of that provision, and fulfil all its purposes. And they are silent as to the distinction between anticipation and payment in other words as to the manner of disbursement.
Hence I conclude that if there exist a law appropriating a certain sum for the salary of the President, an advance upon that sum in anticipation of the service, is as constitutional as a payment after the service has been performed: in other words that the advance of a quarter's salary at the beginning of a quarter is as much warranted by the Constitution as the payment of it at the end of a quarter.
It is in this sense that the present Secretary of the Treasury has affirmed, that not one dollar has at any time been advanced for the use of the President for which there was not an existing appropriation. He did not say that no money had been advanced in anticipation of the service; for the fact is otherwise; but nothing is more true than that the sums disbursed were within the limits of the sums appropriated. If there was an excess at the end of one year, there had been a previous appropriation for a succeeding year, upon which that excess was an advance.
It is objected to this practice, that the death of the party between the advance to him and the expiration of an equivalent term of service, by superseding the object of the advance, would render it a misapplication of so much money, and therefore a violation of the Constitution.
I answer, that the same casualty might have the same effect in other cases, in which it would be against common sense to suppose that an advance might not be made with legality and propriety.
Suppose for example a law was to be passed directing a given quantity of powder to be purchased for public use, and appropriating a definite sum for the purchase and suppose intelligence brought to the Secretary of the Treasury, that the quantity required could be procured for prompt payment at Boston. It cannot in such a case be doubted, that the full sum appropriated might be legally advanced to an agent to proceed to Boston to make the purchase—yet that Agent might die, and the money never be applied according to its destination, or the desired quantity might be procured for a less sum, and a balance remain in his hands.
In either case, there would be money drawn from the Treasury, which was not applied to the object of the law—in the last case there is no final object for the disbursement, because the balance is a surplus. This proves that the possibility of a failure or falling short of the object, for which an advance is made, is not an objection to its legality. Indeed the consequence is a possible one in every case of an anticipation, whether to contractors or to other public Agents, for a determinate or an indeterminate purpose.
The consequence is, that the sum unapplied must be accounted for and refunded—This distinction here again is between an advance and a payment. More cannot certainly be finally paid than is equal to the object of an appropriation, though the sum appropriated exceed the sum necessary. But more may be advanced to the full extent of the appropriation, than may be ultimately exhausted by the object of the expenditure, on the condition, which always attends an advance, of accounting for the application and refunding an excess. This is a direct answer to the question, whether more can be paid than is necessary to satisfy the object of an appropriation. More cannot be paid, but more may be advanced, on the accountability of the person to whom it is advanced.
The case stated by way of example is also conclusive to the point that money may be drawn from the Treasury in anticipation of the object of expenditure.
But risk of loss to the public may attend the principle; this is true, but it is as true in all the cases of advances to contractors &c. as in those of advances upon salaries and compensations—nor does this point of risk affect the question of legality—it touches merely that of the prudent exercise of discretion. When large sums are advanced, it is usual to obtain security for their due application or for indemnification. This security is greater or less, according to the circumstances of the parties to whom the advances are made—when small sums are advanced, especially if for purposes quickly fulfilled, and to persons who are themselves adequate sureties, no collateral security is demanded—The head of the department is responsible to the government for observing proper measure and taking proper precautions. If he acts so as to incur justly the charge of imprudence or profusion, he
may be dismissed or punished according to the nature of his misconduct.
But the principle which is set up would, it is said, be productive of confusion distress and bankruptcy at the Treasury; since the appropriation for the support of government is made payable out of the accruing duties of each year, and an established right in the officers of government to claim their compensations, either on the first day of the year, or on the first day of a quarter before the services were rendered, would create a demand at a time when there might and possibly there would not be a single shilling in the Treasury arising out of that appropriation to satisfy it.
It is not pretended, that there is an established right in the officers to claim their salaries by anticipation, at the beginning of a year, or at the beginning of a quarter. No such right exists. The performance of the service must precede the right to demand payment. But it does not follow that because there is no right in the officer to demand payment, it may not be allowable for the Treasury to advance upon account for good reasons. A discretion of this sort in the head of the Department can at least involve no embarrassment to the treasury, none of the formidable evils indicated, for the officer who makes the advance being himself the judge whether there is a competent fund, and whether it can be made with convenience to the Treasury—he will only make it, when he perceives that no evil will ensue.
Let me recur to the example of advances to contractors for supplying the army. Suppose that in the terms of contract certain advances were stipulated and made; but it turned out nevertheless, that the contractor, disappointed in the funds on which he had relied, could not execute his contract without further advances. Here there would be no right on his part to demand even further advances, but there would be a discretion in the Treasury to make them. This is an example of a discretion to do what there is not a right to demand. The existence of this discretion can do no harm, because the head of the Treasury will judge whether the state of it permits the required advances. But it is essential, that the discretion should exist, because otherwise there might be a failure of supplies, which no plan that could be substituted might be able to avert.
Yet the discretion is in neither case an arbitrary one—it is one which the head of the Department is responsible to exercise with a careful eye to the public interest and safety. The abuse of it, in other words, the careless and wanton exercise of it would be a cause of dismissal for incapacity or of punishment for malconduct.
Thus advances on account of salaries, or to contractors for procuring public supplies, might be carried so far, and so imprudently managed, as to be highly culpable and justly punishable; but this is a distinct question from the violation of constitution or law.
In all the cases, it is a complete answer to the objection of embarrassment to the Treasury, that not the will of the parties, but the judgment of the head of the department, is the rule and measure of the advances, which he may make, within the bounds of the sums appropriated by law.
I consider the law, which has been cited with regard to the pay of the army, as a legislative recognition of the rule of practice at the Treasury. The Legislature could not have been ignorant that it was impracticable at certain seasons of the year to convey the money to the army, to fulfil their injunction, without an advance from the Treasury before the pay became due. They presuppose a right to make this advance, and enjoin that the troops shall not be left more than two months in arrear.
The origin of this law enforces the observation. It is known that it passed in consequence of representations, that the pay of the army was left too long in arrear, and it was intended to quicken the measures of payment. No person in either house of the Legislature, I believe, doubted that there was power to precede the service by advances, so as to render the payment even more punctual than was enjoined.
Indeed such advances, when the army operated at a distance, were necessary to fulfil the contract with it. Its pay became due monthly, and in strictness of contract was to be made at the end of each month, a thing impossible unless advanced from the Treasury before it became due. No special authority was however ever given for this purpose to the Treasury, but it appears to have been left to take its course on the principle, that the disbursement might take place as soon as there was an appropriation, though in anticipation of the term of service.
The foregoing observations vindicate, I trust, the construction of the Treasury as to the power of making disbursements in anticipation of services and supplies, if there has been a previous appropriation by law for the object, and if the advances never exceed the amount appropriated; and at the same time evince, that this practice involves no violation of the constitutional provision with respect to appropriations.
I proceed to examine that clause which respects the pay of the President. It is in these words:— "The President shall at stated times receive for his services a compensation, which shall neither be increased nor diminished during the period for which he shall have been elected, and he shall not receive within that period any other emolument from the United States or any of them."
I understand this clause as equivalent to the following: "There shall be established by law for the services of the President a periodical compensation, which shall not be increased nor diminished during the term for which he shall have been elected, and neither the United States nor any state shall allow him any emolument in addition to his periodical compensation."
This will, I think, at first sight appear foreign to the question of a provisional advance by the Treasury, on account of the compensation periodically established by law for his services.
The manifest object of the provision is to guard the independence of the President from the legislative control of the United States or of any state, by the ability to withhold, lessen, or increase his compensation.
It requires that the law shall assign him a definite compensation for a definite time: It prohibits the Legislature from increasing or diminishing this compensation, during any term of his election,
* These ideas with regard to the administration of the fund appropriated, are very crude and incorrect; but it would complicate the subject to go into the developments.
and it prohibits every state from granting him an additional emolument. This is all that the clause imports.
It is therefore satisfied as to the United States, when the Legislature has provided that the President shall be allowed a certain sum for a certain term of time,—and so long as it refrains from making an alteration in the provision. All beyond this is extraneous to the subject.
The Legislature having done this, an advance by the Treasury in anticipation of the service cannot be a breach of the provision—'Tis in no sense an additional allowance by the United States. 'Tis a mere advance upon account of the established periodical compensation. Will legal ideas or common parlance warrant the giving the denomination of additional compensation to the mere anticipation of the term of an established allowance? If they will not, 'tis plain such an advance is no breach of this part of the constitution.
If the clause is to be understood literally, it leads to an absurdity. The terms are: "The President shall at stated times receive, &c. And again: "he shall not receive within that period," &c.
His allowance is at the rate of 25,000 dollars per annum, 6250 dollars quarter-yearly. Suppose at the end of a year an arrear of 5000 dollars was due to him, which he omits to receive till some time in the succeeding year, and in the succeeding year actually receives that balance with his full salary for the last year; 'tis plain that he would not have received in the whole more than he was allowed by law, and yet in the stated period of one year he would have received 30,000 dollars, five thousand more than his salary for the year. In a literal sense then the constitutional provision as to actual payment would not have been complied with; for within the first of the stated periods he would not have received the compensation allotted, and within the second of them he would have received more. In a literal sense, it would be necessary to make the payment at the precise day; to the precise amount, neither more nor less; which as a general rule the indispensable forms of the Treasury render impossible. It follows, that actual receipt and payment are not the criterion—but the absolute definitive allowance by law. An advance beforehand or a payment afterwards, are equally consistent with the true spirit and meaning of this part of the constitution.
Let us now see if the construction of the Treasury violates the law which establishes the President's compensation.
The act of the 24th of September, 1789, allows to the President at the rate of "25,000 dollars per annum, to commence from the time of his entering on the duties of his office, and to be paid quarterly out of the Treasury of the United States."
The question is, what is to be understood by these words: "to be paid quarterly out of the Treasury of the United States?"
The conception of the Treasury has been, that these words, as used in this and in the analogous cases, were meant to define the time when the right of an individual to the compensation earned became absolute; not as a command to the Treasury to issue the money at the precise day and on other.
By an arrangement between each House and the Treasury Department, the course actually pursued has been as follows:
Certain gross sums, usually at the commencement of each session and from time to time afterwards, have been advanced from the Treasury at request, to the Secretary of the Senate for the members of the Senate, to the Speaker of the House of Representatives for the members of that House, on account and frequently in anticipation of their accruing compensations. The Secretary of the Senate, and the Speaker of the House of Representatives, disbursed the monies to the individuals, and afterwards upon the close of each session settled an account at the Treasury accompanied with the certificates required by law, and the receipts of the members, which were examined, adjusted, and passed as other public accounts. They also refunded to the Treasury the monies which remained in their hands respectively beyond the compensations due to the members of the Senate and House of Representatives as will appear by referring to the printed statements annually laid before Congress.
Whether there were any advances actually made to the members, in anticipation of their compensations, was a point never discussed between the Treasury, and the Officers of the two Houses, with whom the money was deposited; but I understand that examples of such advances did exist in relation to the House of Representatives. The fact is, however, immaterial to the point in issue—That must be tested by the times of the advances from the Treasury; and it is also certain that these were actually made in anticipation of compensations to grow due; and it is also certain, that the course was well understood by both Houses of Congress, and exhibited by the accounts of the Treasurer laid before them in each session.
If therefore the advances for the President were unconstitutional and illegal; those for both Houses of Congress were equally so; and if the President be chargeable with a violation of the Constitution, of the laws, and of his oath of office, on account of extra advances to his Secretaries whether with or without his privity, the members of both Houses of Congress without exception have been guilty of the same crimes, in consequence of the extra advances with their privity to the officers of their respective Houses.
A distinction may possibly be attempted to be taken in the two cases from this circumstance—that the law which allows the compensation of the members of the two Houses does not use the words "to be paid every day out of the Treasury," while that which establishes the President's compensation does use the terms "to be paid quarterly out of the Treasury." But this distinction would be evidently a cavil—when a law fixes the term of a compensation, whether per day, per month, per quarter, or per annum, if it says nothing more, it is implied that it is payable, in the same sense as if this was expressly said. This observation applies as well to
† The advances for the Senate have usually been about 5,000 dollars—and for the House of Representatives from 12 to 20,000 dollars.
the monthly pay of the Army as to the daily pay of Congress. The motive to the arrangement which was made for the payment of Congress was two-fold. It was to obviate embarrassment to them by facilitating and accelerating the receipt of their compensations, and to avoid an inconvenient multiplication of adjustments, entries, warrants, and payments. The theory of the provision admitted of as many Treasury settlements, entries, warrants, and payments, each day as there were members in both Houses.
Having examined the question as it stands upon the constitution and the laws, I proceed to examine the course of the fact.
But previous to this I shall take notice of one point about which there has been doubt, and which was not definitively settled by the accounting officers of the Department until after the President's first term of four years was completed.—It respects the time of the commencement of the President's compensation—The law establishing it, refers to the time of his entering upon the duties of his office, but without defining that time.
When in a constitutional and legal sense, did the President enter upon the duties of his office?
The constitution enjoins that before he enters upon the execution of his office, he shall take a certain oath, which is prescribed. This oath was not taken till the 30th of April, 1789. If we date the entrance upon the duties of his office at the time of taking this oath, it determines the epoch to be 30th of April 1789.
But there is room for another construction.—The 4th of March 1789 is the day when the term for which the President, Vice President, and the members of Congress, were first elected, was deemed to commence. The constitution declares that the President shall hold his office for four years; & it is presumable that the clause respecting his compensation contemplates its being for the whole term for which he is to hold his office. It's object may otherwise be evaded.
It is also, I believe, certain that the President may execute his office and do valid acts as President without previously taking the oath prescribed; tho' in so doing, if voluntary, he would be guilty of a breach of the constitution and would be liable to punishment. The taking of the oath is not therefore necessarily, the criterion of entering upon the duties of office.
On the strength of these facts, it may be argued that by force of the constitution, dating the commencement of the President's term of service on the 4th of March 1789, the law respecting his compensation ought to be considered as referring to that period for a virtual entrance upon the duties of his office.
In stating this construction, however equitable it may be deemed I must not be understood to adopt it. I acknowledge that the other as most agreeable to the more familiar sense of the terms of the law has appeared to me preferable, and it was accordingly established, though not till after all the advances, for the first four years had been made.—The result in point of fact would however have varied as the one or the other had been deemed the true construction.
I return to an examination of the course of the transaction.
Authentic statements which have been published, with some supplementary ones received from the Treasury upon the occasion, exhibit the following results:
1st RESULT. The sums advanced for the use of the President, from the Treasury, have never exceeded the sums previously appropriated by law; though they have sometimes exceeded, sometimes fallen short of, the sums actually due for services. This is thus explained:
An act of the 29th of September, 1789, appropriated for paying the compensation of the President, Dollars 25,000 The sums advanced to the 8th of April, 1790 and charged to this appropriation, are 25,000
An act of the 26th March, 1790, appropriates for the same purpose, 25,000 The sums advanced from May 4th, 1790, to the 28th Feb. 1791, and charged to this appropriation, are 25,000
An act of the 11th Feb. 1791, appropriates for the same purpose, 25,000 The sums advanced from the 28th Feb. 1791, to the 28th Dec. in the same year, and charged to this appropriation, are 22,150
Excess of appropriation beyond the advances, 2,850
An act of the 23rd Dec. 1791, appropriates for the same purpose, 25,000 The sums advanced from the 3rd Jan. 1792, to the 15th Jan. 1793, and charged to this appropriation, are 25,000
An act of the 28th Feb. 1793, appropriates for the same purpose, 25,000 The sums advanced from the 9th March, 1793, to the 27th December in the same year, and charged to this appropriation, are 25,000
An act of the 14th March, 1794, appropriates for the same purpose, 25,000 The sums advanced from the 17th March, 1794, to the 1st of Jan. 1795, and charged to the same appropriation, are 25,000
An act of the 2d January, 1795, appropriates for the same purpose, 25,000 The sums advanced from the 12th January, 1795, and prior to 1st of October in the same year, and charged to this appropriation, are 12,500
Excess of appropriation beyond advances on the 1st of October, 1795, 12,500 Excess of appropriation on the act of the 11th Feb. 1791, 2,850
Total excess of appropriations beyond advances to the 1st Oct. 1795, 15,350
Thus it appears not only that the disbursements have never exceeded the appropriations; but, on the contrary, that the appropriations have exceeded the disbursements. An accurate attention to dates shews particularly that there was always a pre-existing appropriation which was never exceeded by the disbursements, having regard to order of time.
The residue of the proposition is illustrated by the quarterly statement of salary and advances at foot.
2d. RESULT. The Treasury never has been in advance for the President beyond the sums actually accrued, and due to him for services to the amount of one

quarter's salary. The largest advance at any one time is 6,154 dollars - a quarter's salary is 6,250 dollars. The particulars of this result appear in the annexed statement. This statement is digested by quarters of the calendar year, which is the established course of the treasury, and a course essential to the order of its affairs; that is to say, it is essential there should be certain fixed periods to which the ordinary stated disbursements are referred, and in conformity with which the accounts of the treasury are kept.
3d RESULT. On the first of October, 1795, there was actually due to the President for his compensation over and above all advances for his use, the sum of 846 dollars. This likewise appears from the statement at foot, and entirely refutes the malevolent suggestion of an accumulation of advances to twelve or fifteen thousand dollars.  4th RESULT. The sums advanced for the President prior to the commencement of the term of his second election, the 4th of March, 1793, fall short of the sums appropriated for his compensation, 2850 dollars, thus: The aggregate of the sums appropriated for four years from the 29th Sept. 1789, to the 23rd Dec. 1791 inclusively, is Dollars 100,000. The amount of all the sums advanced prior to the 4th March, 1793, is 97,150
Excess of appropriations beyond advances, 2,850  It is nevertheless true that not only there have been frequent anticipations of the President's salary (as appears more particularly in the statement at foot) but counting from the 30th of April 1789 as the commencement of his compensation, the sums advanced for his use to the 3d of March 1793, the expiration of his first term of election, exceed those actually due up to that period by 1042 dollars and 69 cents.
If on the contrary the construction were adopted which dates his compensation on the 4th of March 1789, there would have been a balance due to him on the 4th of March 1793, of 2850 dollars.
But proceeding on the first supposition, the whole question still turns upon the legality of advances - If it was legal to make him an advance in anticipation of his salary within any period of his election - within one quarter on account of a succeeding quarter, - it was equally legal to do it within one year on account of a succeeding year, and within one term of an election on account of a succeeding term. - The only enquiry would be in either case - Will the sum advanced be within the bounds of the sums before that time appropriated? It has been seen that the sums appropriated for the first four years of service exceeded those advanced prior to the commencement of the second period of election by 2850 dollars. Besides this, on the 28th of February 1793 there was a further appropriation of 2500 dollars - so that at the beginning of the second term the total appropriation exceeded the total disbursements by 27,850 dollars.
Thus has it been shown, that the advances for the use of the President have been governed by a rule of construction which has obtained in analogous cases, or more truly which has regulated the general course of disbursements from the Treasury - a rule, which, I trust, has been demonstrated to be consonant with the constitution and with the laws.
It is required to examine whether there has been any improper use or rather abuse of the discretion which is contended for; for here there is likewise an unquestionable responsibility. - It is seen that the advances have at no time equalled one quarter's salary.
I ask, was it unreasonable or unfit, if constitutional and legal, to afford the President of the United States an accommodation to this extent?  I pledge my veracity, that I have always understood, and to this moment I have good reason to be satisfied, that the expenses of the President, those of his household, and others incident to his official situation, have fully equalled if not on some occasions exceeded the allowance made to him by the United States. - Under this conviction, especially, how could the head of a department hesitate, by so small an accommodation as the advance of less than a quarter's salary, to enable the President of the United States to meet his expenses as they accrued, without being obliged to intrinch upon his own private resources, or to resort to the expedient of borrowing, to defray expenses imposed upon him by public situation? I knew that no possible risk could attend the advance, little considerable as it was. - The estate of the President was answerable in case of death or other premature vacancy, and abundant for the indemnification of the Government.
Reasons of a peculiar kind forbade hesitation - namely, The scale of expense was unavoidably such as to render the income even of what is deemed a large landed property in this country a slender auxiliary - Without an advance from the Treasury, it was not improbable borrowing might be necessary - Was it just to compel the President to resort to that expedient for a purpose in fact public, at his private expense? Was it for the dignity of the Nation, that he should have been exposed to a necessity to an embarrassment of this sort?
My judgment and feelings answered both these questions in the negative. I entertained no doubt of the constitutionality or legality of the advance - and I thought the making of it, due the situation; due to property; due to every public consideration connected with the subject - I can never regret it.*
How far the President was privy to the course of advancing, I cannot say - But it is certain they have been all made to his private Secretaries upon a general arrangement, and not by special directions from him. I think it proper to add, that very early in the day, and probably before any advance was made, on an application by Mr. LEAH, for a sum which would constitute an advance, he qualified it by this observation, "if in your opinion it can be done with legality and perfect propriety; I answered, that I had no doubt of either.
* Those who are acquainted with the great expense for several years past of living in New-York and Philadelphia will not be surprised that the expenses of the President should have equalled or exceeded his salary, upon a scale which no friend to the reasonable respectability of the Chief Magistrate and to national dignity would wish to see diminished. But the removal of the seat of Government, was an occasion, in different ways, of a large extraordinary expense.
I have been accustomed to think that the responsibility, for the due and regular disbursement of monies from the Treasury, lies exclusively with the officers of that department; and that except in a very palpable and glaring case, the charge of blameable participation could not fall on any other person.
As between the officers of the Treasury, I take the responsibility to stand thus - The Secretary and Comptroller in granting warrants upon the treasury, are both answerable for their legality. In this respect, the Comptroller is a check upon the Secretary. With regard to the expediency of an advance, in my opinion the right of judging is exclusively with the head of the department. The Comptroller has no voice in this matter. So far therefore as concerns legality, in the issue of money, while I was in the department, the Comptroller must answer with me - So far as a question of expediency, or the due exercise of discretion may be involved, I am solely answerable. And so, uniformly, was the matter understood between successive Comptrollers and myself - So also it is essential to the due administration of the department, that it should be understood.
I have stated my reasons for considering the advances made for the use of the President, as constitutional, legal, and proper. But I pretend not to infallibility - 'Tis possible, I may have erred. But to convert error into guilt, it must be supposed to have been wilful. To suppose it wilful, it is necessary to trace it to some interested or sinister motive. If any appears, let it be pointed out. It is not common for men to commit crimes of a deep die, without some adequate inducement.
What criminal inducement could have probably influenced the rule of construction as to advances which has been stated to have been adopted and acted upon at the Treasury? What criminal inducement, particularly, could have led to the application of this rule to the President's compensation in so restricted a form as never once to equal one quarter's salary? Who in his senses will believe that the President would consciously have hazarded the imputation of violating the constitution, the laws, and his oath of office, by imposing on the officers of the Treasury the necessity of making him so paltry an advance? falsely and ridiculously called a donation ? Who will believe that those officers would have consented to expose themselves to the same imputation by compliance when they knew that the evidence of their guilt must regularly be communicated in each succeeding session to both houses of Congress and to the public at large? to believe either, is to believe all the parties concerned foolish in the extreme, as well as profligate in the extreme, destitute equality of intellect as of principle.
To an observation made by Mr. Wolcott on the communications from the Treasury, it has been answered, that there was no merit in the disclosure, because the number of Agents and the forms of the Treasury rendered it unavoidable. The fact is so. But the force of the observation turns upon the egregious folly of intentionally committing the crimes imputed, when it was certain beforehand that the means of detection must be furnished and without delay by the Treasury itself.
It is certain that there never has been the least attempt at mystery or concealment. The documents reported by the Treasury to both houses of Congress carried in their face the prominent evidence of what was done. Frequent and indiscriminate personal suggestions revealed the principle of action. It is evident, that it must have been understood and acquiesced in, by all the members of the two houses of Congress.
Hard would be the condition of public officers, if even a misconstruction of constitutional and legal provisions, attended with no symptom of criminal motive, carrying the proof of innocence in the o penness and publicity of conduct, could justly expose them to the odious charges which on this occasion are preferred! Harder still would be their condition if, in the management of the great and complicated business of a nation, the fact of misconstruction which is to constitute their guilt is to be decided by the narrow rules of a criticism, no less pedantic than malevolent! preeminently hard, in such circumstances, was the lot of the man, who called to the head of the most arduous department in the public administration, in a new government, without the guides of antecedent practice and precedent, had to trace out his own path and to adjust for himself the import and bearings of delicate and important provisions in the constitution and in the laws!
Reposing myself on a consciousness which in no possible situation can fail to prove an invulnerable shield to my tranquility. I leave to a candid public to pronounce the sentence which is due to an attempt, on such a foundation, to erect against the President of the United States, my successor in office, and myself, the heinous charges of violation of the constitution; violation of the laws; exertion of arbitrary will, on the one side, abject submission; on the other, misapplication of the public money; and to complete the enormous groups, intentional PERJURY !
ALEXANDER HAMILTON. New York, Nov. 11, 1795.  P. S. An imperfect state of health and much occupation have delayed the explanation longer than was wished.
  Quarterly Statements of the Account for Compensation of the President of the United States from his taking the oath of Office on the 30th April, 1789, to the 30th September, 1795.   1789 Dollars   Sept. 30. Compensation from 30th April to 30th June 1789 4,246   Compensation 1 quarter ending 30th Sept. 1789 6,250   Warrant drawn 26th Sept. 1789, 10,496   due to the President, 30th Sept. 1,000   Dec. 31. Compensation due, 9,496   6,250   Warrants drawn this quarter, 15,746   1790 13,500   Due the President 31st December 2,246   March 31. Compensation due 6,250   Warrants drawn, 8,496   8,496 
  Due the President, 31st March, 240.54   June 30. Compensation due, 6,250   Warrants drawn, 6,499.84   8,263.31   Due the U. States, 30th June, 1,754.   Sept. 30. Warrants drawn, 9,000.   Compensation due, 10,754.   6,250.   Due the U. States, 30th Sept. 4,504.   Dec. 31. Warrants drawn, 6,000.   Compensation due, 10,504.   6,250.   Due the U. States, 31st Dec. 4,254.   March 31. Warrants drawn, 8,150.   Compensation due, 12,404.   6,250.   Due the U. States, 31st March. 6,154.   June 30. Warrants drawn, 4,500.   Compensation due, 10,634.   6,250.   Due the U. States, 30th June, 4,404.   Sep. 30. Warrants drawn, 8,000.   Compensation due, 12,404.   6,250.   Due the U. States, 30th Sept. 6,154.   Dec. 31. Warrants drawn, 5,000.   Compensation due, 11,654.   6,250.   Due the U. States, 31st Dec. 5,404.   March 31. Warrants drawn, 6,000.   Compensation due, 11,404.   6,250.   Due the U. States, 31st March, 6,154.   June 30. Warrants drawn, 6,000.   Compensation due, 11,154.   6,250.   Due the U. States, June 30, 4,904.   Sept. 30. Warrants drawn, 2,500.   Compensation due, 7,404.   6,250.   Due the U. States, 30th Sept. 1,154.   Dec. 31. Warrants drawn, 8,000.   Compensation due, 9,154.   6,250.   Due the U. States, 31st Dec. 2,904.   March 31. Warrants drawn, 8,500.   Compensation due, 11,404.   6,250.   Due the U. States, 31st March, 5,154.   June 30. Warrants drawn, 6,000.   Compensation due, 11,154.   6,250.   Due the United States, 30th June, 4,904.   Sept. 30. Warrants drawn, 6,000.   Compensation due, 10,904.   6,250.   Due the U. States, 30th Sept. 4,644.   Dec. 31. Warrants drawn, 7,000.   Compensation due, 11,654.   6,250.   Due the U. States, 31st Dec. 5,404.   March 31. Warrants drawn, 5,000.   Compensation due, 10,404.   6,250.   Due the U. States, 31st March, 4,154.   June 30. Warrants drawn, 6,000.   Compensation due, 10,154.   6,250.   Due the United States, 30th June, 3,904.   Sept. 30. Warrants drawn, 7,000.   Compensation due, 10,904.   6,250.   Due the U. States, 30th Sept. 4,654.   Dec. 31. Warrants drawn, 6,000.   Compensation due, 10,644.   6,250.   Due the U. States, 31st Dec. 4,404.   March 31. Warrants drawn, 7,000.   Compensation due, 11,404.   6,250.   Due the U. States, 31st March, 5,154.   June 30. Warrants drawn, 4,000.   Compensation due, 9,154.   6,250.   Due the U. States, 30th June, 2,904.   Sept. 30. Warrant drawn, 2,500.   Compensation due, 6,404.   6,250.   Due the President 30th Sept. 1795, 846.   PROOF.   Compensation from April 30 to June 30, 1789, 6250 846   Compensation from July 1, 1789, to Sept. 30, 1795, 6 years 3 months, 156,250.   Total due Dols. 160,496.   Advanced till the end of 1791, pr. printed Statement 72,150.   Ditto in 1792. 22,500.   Ditto in 1793. 27,500.   Ditto in 1794. 24,000.   Ditto in 1795, to Sept. 30. 13,500.   Balance due the President, 159,650.   846.   Dols. 160,496.   TREASURY DEPARTMENT, Register's Office Nov. 13, 1795.   Extracted from the Books of the Treasury.   JOSEPH NOURSE, Register. 
FIVE DOLLARS REWARD.  STRAYED, on the 31st of October, from Tenth-Street, near Mulberry-Street, a roan HORSE, about seven years old, has a white spot on his forehead, white feet and cut tail. Any person who can give information of the same, will receive the above reward, and expenses, by applying to BILLON & Co. No. 12, fourth Third-Street. November 14. $1w.
BY THIS DAY'S MAILS,  BOSTON November 9.  Latest Foreign Advices,  Last Saturday arrived here, the ship Four Sisters , Capt. Chace , in 48 days from Portsmouth , (Eng.) By this arrival we have received British papers to the 17th Sept. from which the following interesting and highly important Intelligence, is extracted.
FRANCE.  NATIONAL CONVENTION.  September 11.  Martin, of Douai , in the name of the Committee of Public Safety, "I come to impart to you, details which have come to hand since yesterday, the CROSSING OF THE RHINE.  JOURDAN, Commander in Chief of the Army of the Sambre and Meuse , to the Committee of public Safety.
"Head-quarters at Dusseldorf* 21 Fructidor (September 7,) 3d Year of the Republic.  "Citizens Representatives, the left wing of the Army of the Sambre and Meuse, the command of which I entrusted to General Kleber, crossed the Rhine yesterday morning, at three points. The General of Division, Lefebvre, commanding the attack on the left, effected the passage at Eickelkamp; he afterwards proceeded to Angerbach, leaving to the right a small strip of Prussian territory. At Spick he forced the passage of Angerbach, and proceeded to Angermunde, after having driven the enemy from Hockum. The design of this movement was to turn the enemy, who, to the number of 20,000 men, were encamped between Witthard and Hockum - the expedition was perfectly successful. The General of Brigade, Demas, commanding four battalions of Grenadiers, who composed the advanced guard of this division, was wounded by a musket ball, in shewing his brave companions the road to victory. The General of Division, Grenier, commanding the centre attack crossed at Ardingen, in the centre of the enemy's position. The General of Division, Championet, commanding the attack to the right, crossed at Ham, above Dusseldorf, at the same time that he bombarded and cannonaded that city from the left bank of the Rhine. The purpose of this attack was to cut off the enemy's retreat, and to oblige them to retreat by the mountains, but to accomplish this, it was necessary to obtain forcibly possession of Dusseldorf, and to oblige the inhabitants to capitulate speedily, otherwise this detached corps would have run the risk of being driven into the Rhine. General Legrand, at the head of a battalion of Grenadiers, proceeded to the glacis of the city with an intrepidity which merits the highest praises, after having killed or taken prisoners all the troops he met with in the bay of Ham. The attack by storm being irresistible, the place surrendered, and was immediately delivered up to the troops of the Republic. I include you the capitulation. The enemy retreated to Rattigen, leaving on the field of battle seven guns, several military waggons, and 100 prisoners. The General of Division, Tilly, commanding the reserve, crossed at Eickelkamp, after the division of General Lefebvre.  On this important occasion, General Kleber displayed the highest military talents. The generals of division and brigade executed with the greatest judgment and the highest courage, the orders they received. The general of brigade of engineers, Dobjen, charged with throwing over the bridge of boats, was extremely useful to us in embarking the troops, but in spite of all his assiduity, the bridge was not completely fixed all this day. This the chief of brigade of engineers, Legaline, having constructed on the left bank of the Rhine, from Gileb to Fin, where large and well-disposed works under the command of the general of brigade, Belle, kept up a very warm fire, and seconded our attack perfectly well. The troops have displayed an intrepidity which shows, that nothing is impossible. We found in the city of Dusseldorf, 168 guns, and several other articles, the list of which shall be transmitted to you as soon as I have received it. I cannot as yet, positively state our loss, but it does not amount to 200 killed and wounded.  I shall transmit to you a plan of the enemy's position, which was defended by immense works. Several soldiers of every rank, whose names are not yet come to my notice, distinguished themselves by high exploits. As soon as the particulars of these shall reach me, I shall transmit them to you. We shall endeavor to take advantage of this victory, by forcing the enemy to make, without delay, a peace advantageous to the Republic, and which will allow us to enjoy the advantages held out to us by the Republican Constitution the Convention has just presented for the acceptance of the French Nation.
Health and Fraternity!  (Signed) "JOURDAN."  [* Dusseldorf , E. lon. 6 24. lat. 51. 15. a town of Germany, in the circle of Westphalia, capital of the Duchy of Berg, situated on the east shore of the Rhine, 20 miles north of Cologne.]
The Panorama.  MR. SAVAGE respectfully informs the Ladies and Gentlemen of Philadelphia that the PANORAMA is now opened in High-Street, between 10th and 11th Streets. The Subject is a view of the Cities of London and Westminster, comprehending the three bridges, Southwark, Surrey, and St. George's Fields in the Borough, with every other object which appears from the top of the Albion mills, at the end of Blackfriars Bridge, opposite the city of London, from whence this view was taken. The painting contains nearly 3,000 square feet of canvas. Being in a circle gives every object its proper bearing, and exhibits it in its true point of compass, appearing as large and in every respect the same as the reality.  Price of admission half a dollar. Tickets for the Season three dollars.  PANORAMA open every day from ten o'clock in the morning.  A PRINT of the PRESIDENT of the U. S. 18 inches by 14; only a few choice impressions left: the companion is a print of Dr. Franklin. A variety of choice prints may be had at the Panorama. August 31.

Jamaica RUM.
The Cargo of the brig Peace, Capatin Gray, from the north side of Jamaica, Will be landed to-morrow morning at South-west wharf, High Proof RUM, Prime SUGAR and COFFEE. Peter Blight.
November 9.
Canal Lottery.
No. 149, Chestnut-street, between Fourth & Fifth-streets. TICKETS examined gratis, and every information given respecting said Lottery. Also, Washington and Pateron Lotteries. Oct. 28.
TO THE PUBLIC. MINIATURE PAINTING.
A Limner from Paris respectfully informs the public, that he paints Likenesses in Miniature, in such striking and pleasing a manner, as will, he hopes, satisfy those who may employ him. His Likenesses are warranted, his sittings short, and his terms easy. His Room is at No. 2, north Fifth-street. November 11. $19.
P. S. As he shortly intends returning to France, he invites such Ladies and Gentlemen as may be desirous of having their Portraits drawn, to take advantage of the present time.
Delaware Bridge.
THE President and Managers of the Company for erecting a Bridge over the river Delaware, at the Borough of Easton, Give this Public Notice, That they will, until the first day of February next, receive proposals of suitable plans or models for the said Bridge; as also for the erection thereof, and the delivery of materials. The length of the Bridge will be at the least 600 feet, and must not be composed of more than three arches. Any person inclined to engage in the above undertaking, will please to direct their plans and proposals to the Secretary of the Company at Easton. By order of the President and Managers, JOHN ARNDT, Secretary. Easton, Pennsylvania, Nov. 12. m w & s
City Dancing Assembly.
THE Assemblies will commence for the Season, on Thursday Evening, the 19th inst. JOS. REDMAN, } Managers. SAM. STERRETT, } THO. W. FRANCIS, } November 4. dt19th.
WANTED TO PURCHASE.
Or to take on a Lease of about 3 years, to commence on or about 1st of April next, A small Farm, FROM 30 to 60 acres, with sufficient building for farming the same, and a decent house for a gentle family—an equal proportion of meadow, arable, and woodland, and a short distance from Philadelphia, Trenton, or Wilmington, will be the mere desirable. Apply to No. 187, South Third-street. Nov. 6. $61.
Notice.
ALL persons indebted to the late partnership of Webb, Agate, & White, are desired to make payment to PETER W. GALLAUDET, No. 63, Chestnut-street, who is authorised to receive the same. Those who have claims on the said Firm will present them to him. Demands on the estate of the late Petalaia Welsler, deceased, are to be exhibited to the subscriber—and those indebted to the said estate, are requested to make payment to RUTH PERT, Executrix. October 20. d.m. No. 47 South Water-street.
PRINTING OFFICE FOR SALE.
Consisting of 1300lb. of Types, well assorted; one elegant Press, and every other article suitable for an extensive business—the whole nearly new. The terms of payment will be, a fourth, cash; a fourth, at three months; and the remainder, to accommodate the purchaser, will be taken in printing work. The amount is about 1200 dollars. For particulars apply to the Editor. October 13. 3aw2m.
District of Pennsylvania, to wit:
BE it remembered, that on the ninth day of November, in the twentieth year of the Independence of the United States of America, Samuel Harrison Smith, of the said District, hath deposited in this Office the title of a book, the right whereof he claims as Proprietor, in the words following, to wit: "A Vindication of Mr. Randolph's Resignation," in conformity to the Act of the Congress of the United States, intitled, "An act for the encouragement of learning, by securing the copies of maps and charts and books to the authors and proprietors of such copies, during the times therein mentioned." SAM. CALDWELL, Clerk of the (18750) District of Pennsylvania. Nov. 11.
Andover Iron Works
TO BE SOLD, OR LET ON LEASE. THEY are situated in the counties of Sussex and Morris, in the State of New-Jersey: The ore lies within a mile of the Furnace, is esteemed of the first quality of any in America, and particularly adapted for making Steel. The Furnace and Forge, to which belong between 11 and 12,000 acres of Land, will be sold together, or leased either separately or together: they are distant about seven miles from each other, and are an object well worth the attention of iron Masters. The buildings, &c. are in every respect commodious. For further particulars apply to Benjamin Chew, or John Lardner, Philadelphia. Oct. 2. 3taw.
To be disposed of at private sale,
Pursuant to the last Will and Testament of Casper Graff, deceased, TWO two-story brick Messuages and Lots of Ground, viz. No. 100, north Second, near Race; and No. 174, north Fifth, near Vine-street—both good stands for business, particularly the former. For terms apply to LAWRENCE SECKEL, or? Executors. CASPER GRAFF, November 11, 1795. 2aw.
For Sale,
Or to be LET for a term of years, An elegant House with about forty-two acres of Land and Meadow. The situation is very convenient for a Country Seat, or for a person inclined to attend the markets. There is an excellent Kitchen Garden, Ice-house, and a variety of Fruit—the distance about five miles from the city. For further information apply to the Printer. November 14. 2aw1f.
ALL persons having any demands on the Estate of MARY HEWSON, late of Bucks county, deceased, are desired to apply to WILLIAM HEWSON, near Bristol, in the county aforesaid, for immediate settlement. And all persons indebted to said Estate are requested to make payment to the said William Hewson, who is hereby authorised to receive the same. ELIZABETH HEWSON, Executrix. JONATHAN WILLIAMS, } Executors. WILLIAM HEWSON, } Bellemeade, near Bristol, Oct. 26, 1795. 2aw3w.
American Landscapes.
PROPOSALS FOR PUBLISHING IN AQUATINTA TWENTY-FOUR VIEWS,
SELECTED from the most striking and interesting Prospects in the United States; each of which Views, will be accompanied with a descriptive account of its Local, Historical, and other Incidental Peculiarities. By G. I. PARKYNS, Author of the "Monastic Remains and Ancient Castles in Great Britain."
CONDITIONS. 1. That the work shall be published by Subscription; and that each Subscriber shall engage to take the whole set of Views, and shall pay for each engraving, if black or brown, 2 Dollars; and if coloured 5 Dollars. 2. That the dimensions of each engraving shall be 24 by 17 inches, executed in aquatinta, and published upon paper of a superior quality. The publication to commence immediately; and one engraving to be delivered to the Subscribers, on the first Monday of each succeeding month, until the proposed series shall be finally completed. 3. That with the last View of the series, shall be delivered an engraved title-page; an elegant characteristic vignette; a map of the route, connected with the prospects exhibited in the course of the work; and an Alphabetical list of the Subscribers. Subscriptions are received by Mr. Harrison, at his Print Shop, Maidenlane, New-York, by Mr. Carey, Book-seller, No. 118, Market-street, Philadelphia, and by all the principal Book-sellers in the United States. February 28. d
FOR SALE, A very valuable ESTATE, Called TWITTEWENHAM.
SITUATE in the township of Upper Derby, and county of Delaware, 7 1/2 miles from Philadelphia, and half a mile from the new Western road: containing 230 acres of excellent Land, 45 of which are good watered Meadows, 90 of prime Wood Land, and the rest Arable of the first quality. There are on the premises a good two-story Brick House, with a room on a floor, and Cellars under the rubble, with a Pump Well of excellent Water in front; a large frame Barn, Stables, and other convenient buildings; a Snake-House and Stone Spring House; two good Apple-Orchards, and one of Peaches. The Fields are all in Clover, except those immediately under village, and are so laid out as to have the advantage of Water in each of them, which renders it peculiarly convenient for Grazing. The situation is pleasant and healthy, and from the high cultivation of the Land, the good neighbourhood, and the vicinity to the city, it is very suitable for a Gentleman's Country Seat. The foregoing is part of the Estate of Jacob Havman, deceased and offered for sale by M. ORDECAI LEWIS, Surviving Executor. Oct. 9, 1795. m&r.
Sale of valuable Property.
To be Sold, by Public Auction, On Tuesday, the 10th day of December, 1795, At the Tontitine Coffee-House in New-York, at 11 o'clock in the forenoon, all the right, title, and interest of the AMERICAN IRON COMPANY, In the following valuable TRACTS of LAND, viz. 1. All that tract of land containing about 2500 acres, situate in the county of Orange, being part of the mountain lots. No. 22 and 23, in the patent of Chesebrough, formerly laid out by Charles Clinton, Esq. deceased, and purchased by the Agent of the American Iron Company of William Smith, Esq. on the 8th day of November, 1766. This tract contains some plough land and swamp; also Potuckit Pond and the outlets thereof. 2. All that tract of land situate on the west side of Hudson's river, near Duttermilk Falls; containing 1000 acres. In this tract there is said to be a valuable mine, some good swamp and timber land. 3. All that two tracts situate on the north side of the Mohawk river, being part of the Manor of Colby, purchased by the Agent of the American Iron Company in the years 1765 and 1767, of Oliver Delancey, Esq. the one containing 3940 acres, the other 3815 acres. 4. All that tract of land situate on the north side of the Mohawk river, near the German Flats; adjoining part of Colby's manor, and bounded on the east by Canada creek. This tract will be divided, and sold in the following Lots, viz,    Lot 1 containing  966 Acres.  Lot 14 containing  1000 Acres.    2  907  15  1000    3  844  16  529    4  806  17  412    5  762  18  1160    6  805  19  1000    7  970  20  1000    8  1000  21  1000    9  1000  22  398    10  1000  23  750    11  1000  24  930    12  1000  45     13  1000      The tract on No. 4 is chiefly beech, maple, bass and elm. The purchase money to be paid by the following instalments, viz. one-fourth on the day of sale; one-fourth on the first Tuesday in April next; one-fourth on the first Tuesday in October, 1796; and the remainder on the first Tuesday in April, 1797, when deeds will be given to the purchaser. Plans of the different tracts of land may be seen by applying to Mr. Peter Gosh, one of the trustees, in New-York; or to Mr. Edward Edwards, in Philadelphia. November 4. m&r.
Forty Dollars Reward.
RAN away from the subscriber, living at Middletown Mills, near Frederica, in Kent county, state of Delaware, on the night of the 27th of June last, a slave negro man named BENN, about 27 years old, 5 feet 10 or 11 inches high, of a yellow complexion, and might pass for a mulatto. The clothes he had on cannot, with exactness, be described; as he made several breaches of honesty, in that way, on his setting out. He is a very great roven in his dress; has naturally a condemned and surly countenance, altho' he at times affects a smiling one; his village is thin, with large black whiskers; the whites of his eyes often red: it is not recollected whether he has any particular flesh-marks, except on his back, where many may be seen (tho' light) the soles of the whip, placed by judicial authority, for house-breaking, lock-breaking, stealing, &c. as well before, as since I purchased him. He is possessed of but a small share of reason or sensibility; a great coward, tho' his looks are devilish, and at the same time sneaking. As he took his flight upwards from here, at the commencement of harvest, it is presumed he was persuaded by some of the free negroes in this quarter to make his escape with them—though he not be in Philadelphia, he is probably between here and there. Whoever takes up the said negro Benn, and secures him in any public goal, to that his master may get him again, shall have the above reward; and if brought home additional charges for reasonable expenses, paid by James Douglass.
BOOKS, Printed for and Published by MATHEW CAREY,
No. 118 MARKET STREET. (Price Sixteen Dollars.)
4 New System of Modern Geography:
Or, a Geographical, Historical and Commercial Grammar; and present state of the several Nations of the World, CONTAINING, The figures, motions, and distances of the Planets, according to the Newtonian system, and the latest observations.
 I. A general view of the Earth, considered as a planet; with several useful definitions and problems.  II. Grand divisions of the Globe into land and water, continents and islands.  III. Situation and extent of empires, kingdoms, states, provinces and colonies.  IV. Their climates, air, soil, vegetables, productions, metals, minerals, natural curiosities, fers, rivers, bays, promontories and Lakes.  V. Birds and Beasts pe-  VI. To which are added, I. A Geographical Index, with the names and places a-phabetically arranged.  II. A Table of the Coins of all nations, and their value in dollars and cents.  III. A Chronological Table of remarkable events, from the Creation to the present time.  By WILLIAM GUTHRIE, Esq. The Astronomical part by James Ferguson, F. R. S. Corrected by Dr. DAVID RITTENHOUSE. To which are added, the late Discoveries of Dr. Herschell, and other eminent Astronomers. The FIRST AMERICAN EDITION, corrected, improved, and greatly enlarged. Containing the following MAPS and PLATES.
 1 Map of the World  2 Chart of the World  3 Europe  4 Countries round the North Pole  5 Sweden, Denmark, Norway and Finland  6 Russia  7 Scotland  8 England and Wales  9 Ireland  10 France  11 Seat of War  12 Seven United Provinces  13 Austrian, French and Dutch Netherlands  14 Germany  15 Switzerland  16 Poland  17 Spain and Portugal  18 Italy  19 Turkey in Europe  20 Asia  21 Discoveries made by captains Cooke and Clarke  22 China  23 Hindostan  24 Africa  25 United States  26 British Dominions in America  27 New Indies  28 Province of Maine  29 New Hampshire  30 Massachusetts  31 Connecticut  32 Rhode Island  33 Vermont  34 New York  35 New Jersey  36 Pennsylvania  37 Delaware  38 Maryland  39 Virginia  40 Kentucky  41 North Carolina  42 Tennessee government  43 South Carolina  44 Georgia  45 Copernican system  46 Armillary sphere  The Maps marked with stars are added to this edition, exclusive of those in the last London edition.
The United States Register for 1795,
Price 50 Cents.—CONTENTS. Calendar, with the necessary tables, &c. &c. Boundaries of the United States. Population.
   GOVERNMENT. LIST OF THE OFFICERS.     Supreme Executive Statement of Exports   Legislature Public Debt   Judiciary Pay, &c. of the army   Department of State Mint Establishment   Department of the Treasury Rules for reducing the currencies   Commissioners of Loans rates to a par with each other   Officers of the Customs Tables of the number of cents and decimal parts in any number of shillings and pence less than a dollar in the currencies of the different states   Revenue Cutters Tables showing the value of dollars in the currencies of ditto   Light Houses Post-office establishment   Officers of the Excise List of Post-Towns, &c.   Duties and Dutiable articles Latitude and Longitude of the principal towns in the United States   Exempts from duties Banks   Duties on tonnage Literary Institutions   —on domestic objects National Manufacturery   Drawbacks, &c. and regulations to be observed in obtaining them Sessions of the Courts   General Abstract from the revenue laws, relating to the duty of masters of vessels, of the owners, &c. of goods, and the officers of the customs; to the payment of duties, and the importation of goods Western Territory   STATE GOVERNMENTS.   New Hampshire South-Carolina   Vermont Georgia   Massachusetts Order of time in which the several States adopted the Federal Constitution   Connecticut Table of the Sun's rising and setting   New-York Abstract of goods, wares, and merchandise exported from the United States   New-Jersey from the 1st of October '90, to 30th Sept. 1791   Pennsylvania Charlotte a tale of truth—by Mrs. T. Swson, of the new Theatre, Philadelphia. Second American edition—Price 75 cents. [The rapid sale of the first edition of this interesting novel, in a few months is the best criterion of its merit.]   Maryland EXTRACT FROM THE CRITICAL REVIEW, APRIL 1791, p. 468. "It may be a tale of truth, for it is not unnatural, and it is a tale of real distress—Charlotte, by the artifice of a teacher, recommended to a school, from humanity rather than a conviction of her integrity, or the regularity, of her former conduct, is enticed from her governess, and accompanied a young officer to America—the marriage ceremony, if not forgotten, is postponed, and Charlotte dies a martyr to the inconsistency of her lover and treacherous friend."   Virginia The situations are artless and affecting—the description natural and pathetic; we should feel for Charlotte if such a person ever existed; who for one error, scarcely, perhaps deserved so severe a punishment. If it is a fiction, poetic justice is not, we think, properly distributed."   Kentucky 1. The Inquisitor—by Mrs. Rowson. Second Philadelphia edition. 37 1/2 cents.   North-Carolina 2. Adventures of Roderick Random. 2 vols. 1 dollar and 50 cents, coarse paper—1 dollar and 75 cents fine.   3. Notes on the state of Virginia—by Thomas Jefferson. Price neatly bound, one dollar and a half.   4. History of the French Revolution, from its commencement to the death of the Queen and the execution of Louis. 2 dollars.   5. Plowden's History of the British Empire, from May 1772, to December 1793. 1 dollar and a quarter—[This is an interesting and valuable publication as has appeared for many years.]   6. Beattie's Elements of Moral Science. 2 vols. One dollar and three quarters.  
By T. STEPHENS,
No. 60, south Second-street, The curious Prophecies of
RICHARD BROTHERS.
CONTAINING great and remarkable things, not revealed to any other person on earth. This work is interesting to every one. August 14. 1800.
IN THE PRESS,
And speedily will be published, by BENJAMIN DAVIES, At 68, High-street,
THE American Repository, for 1796;
 CONTAINING:  A complete Calendar for the year.  List of the executive, legislative and judicial officers of the federal government and of the ministers and consuls to and from the United States.  A register of the land and sea forces of do.  Rates of postage, and times of receiving & closing the mails at Philadelphia.  A list of the post-towns, with the distances of each, on the main line, as well as cross roads.  —of the federal courts.  —of the supervisors of the revenue.  The mint, and monies of the U.S. and the currency of each state.  A list of the commissioners of loans.  A table, showing the proportion of free persons to slaves, and of males to females, &c. in the U.S.  Militia of the United States, with the proportion of each.  An alphabetical list of duties agreeably to the last act of Congress.  Amount of import and tonnage of one year.  Custom-house fees, &c.    This little volume will contain a much greater compass, as well as variety of matter, than that of the preceding year, and will be embellished with an engraved frontispiece, title page, and a vignette faced with a head ornament, to each month. The scenes depicted in the vignettes, allude chiefly to the rural labours of the year. The engravings are new, and executed with an excellence that does credit to the American fine arts.  At the same place may be had, Plans of the city of Philadelphia, and its environs, accurately engraved from a late survey.  Maps of the United States, and of each state separately.  A valuable collection of modern Books, and a general assortment of Stationery Wares.  Note.—Those who desire it, may have the above-mentioned Maps, or any other, coloured, canvassed, and varnished, and put up in any manner that may be most convenient, by applying at directed above. Oct. 2, 1795. IAW. 
Mr. Walter Robertson
BEGS leave to acquaint the Gentlemen, subscribers to the print Portrait of George Washington, President of the United States of America, engraved by Mr. Field, that the Proofs are ready for delivery to the several subscribers at John James Barralet's, No. 19 north Ninth-street; or at J. Ornsted's, bookseller, No. 41, Chestnut-street, where the subscribers are requested to send their orders. October 27. cod.
LOTTERY INTELLIGENCE.
We are informed that the gentleman who drew the $5,000 dollar prize, in the Canal Lottery, was the proprietor of only a single Ticket—This instance of good fortune, shews that it is well to be in Fortune's road; and is the more pleasing, as the owner of the prize is a very worthy, though not a very affluent citizen. The Scheme of the Canal Lottery is certainly one of the best which has appeared—for, independent of the useful objects to which its proceeds are to be applied, the scheme is so calculated as to continually enhance the value of the Tickets remaining in the wheel; because, while the drawing progresses, the chance of a capital prize growing greater, must increase the value of the undrawn Ticket. The Prizes drawn to the close of the drawing on last Wednesday Evening, were    1  of  —  —  —  $5,900    2  of  —  —  —  2,000    3  of  —  —  —  1,000    4  of  —  —  —  500    5  of  —  —  —  100    1700  of  —  —  —  12    And there then remained in the wheel    1  of  —  —  —  $50,000    1  of  —  —  —  30,000    2  of  —  —  —  10,000    6  of  —  —  —  2,500    9  of  —  —  —  2,000    15  of  —  —  —  1,000    36  of  —  —  —  500    89  of  —  —  —  100    14800  of  —  —  —  12    And 4 stationary prizes of 20,000 dollars each; by which, and the nature of those 5 stationary prizes, which are to belong to the five last drawn tickets, it will be found, that an undrawn ticket was yesterday morning, worth nearly 111-2 dollars, which, at the beginning, was worth no more than 10 dollars—and to the undrawn tickets must continue to increase in value, as fast as the drawing proceeds: And this circumstance will account for the number of Offices which are opened for the sale of Tickets, as the profits must be daily increasing; and in a few days a Ticket now selling at 11 dollars, will no doubt command 15 dollars, and must continue to get higher as the drawing approximates to the five stationary prizes of 20,000 dollars each.
ALL persons indebted to the Estate of SAMUEL FRAUNCES, late of this city, Innkeeper, deceased, are desired to make payment to the subscriber; and all those who have any demands against the said Estate, are requested to bring in their accounts properly attested. SAMUEL M. FRAUNCES, Acting Executor. South Water-street, No. 59. October 28, 1795.
ALL persons indebted to the Estate of Doctor JOHN H. GIBBONS, late of Philadelphia, deceased, are requested to make payment; and those who have any demands against said Estate, are desired to bring in their accounts duly attested, for settlement, to ROBERT HEYSHAM, Attorney in fact for Mary Gibbons, administratrix to the said deceased's Estate. Arch-street, No. 107, Nov. 9. 2aw6t.