The Patowmac guardian, and Berkeley advertiser (Shepherdstown, Va. [W. Va.]), 1793-12-09 00:00:00

The POTOMAC GUARDIAN, and BERKELEY ADVERTISER.
PRICE TWO DOLLARS PER ANN.]
MONDAY, DECEMBER 9, 1793.
[NUMBER 160—VOL 4.]
WHERE LIBERTY DWELLS, THERE IS MY COUNTRY.
Franklin.
From the (Philadelphia) GENERAL ADVERTISER.
YELLOW FEVER.
Concise account of its probable origin and of its effects.
PHYSICIANS from their professional knowledge and opportunities were certainly most competent to determine whether the disease was generated among us or imported, yet upon this point they differ as widely almost as in their mode of treating it. Most persons appear to incline to the latter opinion; for say they, 'If it had been a disease generated in our city why should it have broke out in one spot only, and thence spread to other parts?' The certainty of its having raged in several of the West-India Islands makes it more probable that it has reached us through one or other of our numerous channels of intercourse with that part of the world.* Certainly, however, the long continuance of dry, sultry weather, the want of rain to cleanse and refresh our streets must have greatly contributed to render it more contagious and at last, as the air became more contaminated by the miasmata exhaled from the bodies of sick, dying and dead, in a degree epidemical.
On its first appearance, in the beginning of August its victims were few, and it caused but little alarm. In this stage of the disorder, if a proper sense of its malignity had been entertained it might have been prevented from extending its ravages, but the spark was neglected and indeed fanned into a flame by the intercourse which humanity and in many instances idle curiosity established between the sick and the healthy parts of the city.
About the 20th of August the deaths of several respectable citizens, generally known, gave rise to considerable migrations of whole families into the country, which continued with more or less rapidity until the middle of October, in proportion to the alarm of the inhabitants. About 20 000 are supposed to have removed for safety, and happy this was for those who remained as well as for those that fled. If the population of the city had remained the same not only the number of the effected would have been greater but the scarcity of nurses, bleeders and physicians have been more felt; hence a greater proportion of deaths. Besides every house left empty broke the chain in a neighbourhood and checked the spreading of the disorder. The price of provisions was by the removal of that number kept more within the reach of the poor. It is highly probable that the number of victims would have been doubled and the distresses, especially of the poor, highly aggravated, if all had persisted in remaining. No praise, however, is too exalted to do justice to those generous and humane persons, who remained in the city from pure motives of benevolence & undauntedly faced every personal danger to fly to the assistance of suffering humanity. First on this list stands our worthy Mayor who during the whole of the calamity remained firm at his post ready to give advice and afford every assistance. James Wilson, Jacob Tomkins jun. and William Sansom, three of the guardians of the poor, never ceased performing the important duties of their station, while it remained in their power. The two first fell sacrifices in the cause of humanity.
On the 14th of September at a meeting of the inhabitants of Philadelphia, the following citizens were appointed to transact the whole of the business relative to the relief of the sick.
  Matthew Clarkson, Chairman.     Caleb Lownes  Jacob Witman    Thomas Wistar  Thomas Savery    Stephen Girard  Samuel Benge    Peter Helm  Henry Deforest    Israel Israel  John Connelly    John Leitchworth  James Swaine    James Kerr  A. Adgate    J. Sharpswood  J. D. Sargeant    John Haworth  Daniel Offley and    Matthew Carey  Joseph Imkeep.  
To these worthy citizens Philadelphia is greatly indebted for their preserving labors in the cause of humanity, and to none more than STEPHEN GIRARD and PETER HELM, who voluntarily offered their services as superintendants of the Hospital at Bush-hill provided for the relief of the necessitous sick, and at the imminent risk of their lives by their unwearied exertions rendered the establishment of ef-
fectual utility. The four last on the list fell sacrifices in the execution of the important duties the performance of which they so humanely had undertaken.
To enumerate all those who bore a share in this beneficent undertaking would exceed the limits of our paper, their names are deeply engraved on the hearts of their fellow-citizens.
Neither shall we attempt a description of the aggravating instances of distress, that necessarily occurred during this melancholy period. Orphans deprived at a blow of all support; whole families swept off for want of proper attendance; some dying without the possibility of procuring the least relief—all forms a picture too gloomy for recollection to dwell upon. The benevolence and activity of our citizens kept pace with every species of distress within their knowledge or power, an orphan house was fitted up which afforded a happy asylum for the children of the poor, and supplies were distributed to a number of necessitous labourers [about 4000] thrown out of employ by the total stagnation of business.
It is remarkably fortunate, that no disturbance occurred which might have endangered property abandoned as it was by many owners during the prevalence of the disorder;—on this score the Mayor of Philadelphia, by his vigilance, lays an additional claim to our thanks.
A tribute of thanks is due to several towns in this and neighbouring states for their pecuniary assistance to those who wanted in the city and their hospitable reception of those who took refuge among them. Their conduct forms a great contrast with the extortion and selfishness displayed by some inhabitants of other places and with the rigorous public measures taken by Baltimore, New-York, &c. excluding without exception or alleviation the unfortunate from our city. If self-preservation called upon them to shut their doors upon us, surely humanity should have pointed out some mode of relieving us when at their doors,—a hut and a bed of straw, a morsel of bread and a tear of compassion might have saved the lives of some and soften the sufferings of many.
It is remarkable that no person lately from the West-India islands was afflicted in any great degree with this disease, though people of this description were numerous among us owing to the late emigration from St. Domingo. Neither were negroes liable to it only in proportion to their distance from the full black. They were therefore of particular use as nurses and attendants to the grave.
The disease was, with but few exceptions confined to the city & suburbs, the free air of the country destroyed its contagious nature, and few of those benevolent persons who had opened their doors to the afflicted, had cause to repent this act of humanity.
For a satisfactory account of the Yellow Fever and a statement of the proceedings that took place on the subject in different parts of the United States we beg leave to refer our readers to a pamphlet lately written and published by Mr. Mathew Carey, from which we extract the following aggregate list of the daily burials in the several grave yards of the city and liberties of Philadelphia, as taken from the several books kept by Clergymen, Sextons, &c. from August 1st to November 9th, 1793:
AUGUST.
   Days. Total. Days. Total. Days. Total. Days. Total.     1 9 9 11 17 6 25 12   2 8 10 6 18 5 26 17   3 9 11 7 19 9 27 12   4 10 12 5 20 7 28 22   5 10 13 11 21 8 29 24   6 3 14 4 22 13 30 20   7 12 15 9 23 10 31 17   8 5 16 7 24 17  
SEPTEMBER.
   Days. Total. Days. Total. Days. Total. Days. Total.     1 17 9 32 17 81 25 87   2 18 10 29 18 68 26 53   3 11 11 23 19 61 27 60   4 23 12 33 20 67 28 51   5 20 13 37 21 57 29 57   6 24 14 48 22 76 30 63   7 18 15 56 23 68   8 42 16 67 24 96  
OCTOBER.
   Days. Total. Days. Total. Days. Total. Days. Total.     1 74 9 102 17 80 25 35   2 67 10 93 18 59 26 23   3 78 11 119 19 65 27 13   4 58 12 111 20 55 28 25   5 71 13 104 21 59 29 17   6 76 14 81 22 82 30 16   7 82 15 80 23 54 31 22   8 90 16 70 24 38  
NOVEMBER.
   Days. Total. Days. Total. Days. Total. Days. Total.     1 13 4 15 6 11 8 8   2 21 5 14 7 15 9 6   3 15  
   August 325   September 1442   October 1993   November 118   Jews, returned in gross 2   Baptists, do. 50   Methodists, do. 32   Free Quakers, do. 39   German part of St. Mary's congregation, 30   Total 4031  
The following are the totals of the deaths in the several congregations during the same period.
   Protestant Episcopaleans Christ Church 173   St. Peter's 109   St. Paul's 70   Presbyterians First 73   Second 128   Third 107   Scotch 12   Seceders 33   Roman Catholics St. Mary's 251   German part of do. 30   Trinity 54   Friends 373   Free Quakers Returned in gross. 39   German Lutherans 641   Calvinists 261   Moravians 13   Swedes 75   Baptists Returned in gross. 50   Methodists Do. 32   Universalists Do. 2   Jews Do. 2   Kennington 169   Potter's field, including the new ground 1334   4031  
Many deaths it is conjectured must have occurred not noticed in the foregoing statement; it was difficult for sextons and others to be perfectly exact. Some, it is said, have been interred on the commons, and many died who removed from the city. The number of these cannot be accurately known, but may possibly amount to 5 or 600, say 500. This number added to the total in the statement, makes it amount to 4531. To form a just estimate of the number of these carried off by the malignant fever, it will be necessary to deduct the probable amount of deaths from other diseases during the period of its prevalence. Z. Poulson, in his almanack for 1794, states the deaths from the 1st of August, 92, to the same period in 93, at 1497, for the sake of round numbers say 1500. One third of this number we may take as the number of deaths in a common year for the period during which the fever raged, it being more than three months in that season generally most fatal. This deduction brings us back to the old number 4031, the probable amount of victims to the yellow fever in Philadelphia and its vicinity.
Some doubts have been raised, respecting the place of residence of Congress at their next session; an appeal to the fears of the timid has been made by persons interested in effecting the removal of the Federal Legislature; but already every shadow of danger has vanished, and the return of the President of the United States to the city, must soon restore universal confidence.
Against the probability of its breaking out next summer, we have seven facts well authenticated. Seven times has this malignant fever raged in Charleston and Philadelphia within this century, and as often has the severity of our winter prevented its appearance the next summer.
EUROPEAN INTELLIGENCE.
FRENCH NATIONAL CONVENTION.
Wednesday, September 4.
Letter from General Dagobert, commander of the army in the Eastern Pyrenees, to the minister at war.
From the Spanish camp, August 23.
"Citizen Minister,
IT is from the heart of the Spanish camp, at the foot of Mont-Libre, that I am now writing to you: the brave French, whom I have the honor to command, have made themselves masters of it, after a most obstinate engagement. The Spaniards long maintained their ground; but were at last obliged to give way to the bravery of the Republicans, though the latter were much inferior in point of numbers. I entered the Spanish camp, where I found all the tents standing; we took eight pieces of cannon, with their caissons, and the whole of the baggage. I cannot at present state the number of prisoners who have fallen into our hands; but I can assure you, that not a single Spaniard could have
*From a London paper of August 13.
The plague brought from Bulam, which first made its appearance at Grenada, has spread most alarmingly. Eighty persons died in one day at Grenada of this epidemic. The hurricane months just coming on are not likely to make it less violent in its effects.
[It appears by a subsequent paragraph in the same paper that the disease was ascertained to be the yellow fever.]

which General Barbantane had promised to send me. The Spanish regiment of Sargonte (dragoons) which had charged our Gendarmes, is almost entirely cut to pieces. This signal victory is a certain pledge of future success."
Letter from the Members of the Executive Council of Dunkirk.
Dunkirk, September 3.
"We refer you to our last despatches, dated at 6 o'clock. Inclosed is a copy of a letter from the municipality of Bruges, which has come to hand this moment."
"This night was passed in tranquility, although the citizens, in spite of fatigue, are still on duty, watch and watch. At 4 A. M. an express arrived: He informs that Houchard has been reinforced by a body of 15,000 men, whom he has put under marching orders for Dunkirk. The General himself is not far from Furnes. An army of 80,000 is said to complete his present force. This is possible—but we dare not assert the number to be so great. He adds, that our troops are still in pursuit of the enemy, and they on their rout. We presume that he means those who were expelled from the environs of Bruges and Hondshoote; for, with respect to our late besiegers, we do not conceive that General Houchard can overtake them till the morning; and it is probable they will march all night to avoid a battle."
"At half past 5. We are positively assured that the enemy has evacuated the camp to which they first retreated; they will not tarry to admit of pursuit, for, at this moment we have received intelligence that a body of 10,000 men together with our garrison, is in march after them. These troops are commanded by Gen. Landrin."
(Signed,) "DESAGUE, BLAISEL, "and EMERY, Mayor."
Letter from the National Commissioners to the army of the North, at Dunkirk, September 16, 1793.
"We are informed, citizen colleagues, from various quarters, that Furnes is evacuated by the enemy and they are extending towards Nieupert, though it is uncertain whether they will not retreat to Ostend; at least, their present movements strongly indicate this determination."
"These reports increase; we begin to credit them—Orders are given for clearing the country, and hastening the line of march."
(Signed,) "BERLIER, "TRULARD."
Gen. Berieu writes from Menin, September 13th, that new victories were achieved by the troops of the republic, who have taken Menin, Werwick, and the different passages of the Lys, which were defended by a body of Dutch troops, well intrenched. General Hedoreville stormed Werwick. The enemy abandoned 40 pieces of cannon at Menin.—I trust that the National Convention will receive this interesting news with pleasure. We have made 1200 prisoners, and several Generals are captured.
Letters received from West-Flanders announce the capture of Werwick, Warecton, and Menin, with 1500 prisoners, and 50 pieces of artillery.—The immediate surrender of Ypres and Courtray is expected, as our advanced guards are beyond Voimfell and Vereigheem.
A letter from Dunkirk asserts that we have taken 78 pieces of cannon, 1200 barrels of powder, 1900 prisoners, of whom 1300 are English, besides 400 cavalry, mounted.
From before Toulon, Sept. 14. Our situation is the same as was yesterday; we have now every thing that we want, just arrived from Marseilles, to reduce the English fleet, and we shall soon make the traitors and tyrants sensible of the vengeance of a free people so justly exasperated.
We are assured that the English are preparing to take flight, and that the fleet lies only at single anchor.
Unsuccessful sortie from Cambray.
On the 15th of September, the garrison of Cambray made a powerful sortie, on the combined forces investing that place, but being overpowered by numbers, were obliged to return with great loss. The enemy state our loss to be 2000 men killed and taken, 18 pieces of cannon, and nine stands of colours; but this may be exaggerated.
JACOBIN CLUB, September 9.
Two letters from Nantz and Angers, dated September 4, announced, that our armies have still the most brilliant success; that 500 rebels have fallen under the blows of our brave republicans; and that we have had only a few men wounded.
Paris, September 27. The army of the Rhine has had an action with the Prussians at Lauterbourg, in Alsace, and killed 1500, and took a few prisoners, among whom were, of the Emigrants, the ci-devant Marquis du May.
General Dabouse, commanding at Perpignan, declares that the ramparts of that city shall never be disgraced by the standard of royalty; and if circumstances should oblige him to surrender, that he will reduce the city to ashes.
The army under the orders of General Carioin entered into Furnes, the 10th of September, and expect to be in Nieupert next day, whither the English have retreated.
General Kellerman writes, that the satellites of tyranny were driven from the valley of Morain, and that Major Strafoldo is indebted to the fleetness of his horse for having escaped.
The army of the Moselle has driven the Austrians from their posts; and in many instances obliged them to abandon their camps; we have taken 30 pieces of cannon. Forty of our cavalry passed the Sane, and attacked 80 Dragoons, killed several, and brought off six men and six horses.
The Austrian troops in the environs of Ardennes are completely discouraged. Sixteen thousand republicans, under the command of General Ilher, have marched against the satellites of despotism stationed at Quesnoy. Six thousand of the enemy are surrounded in a wood, and we hope that not one will escape. The garrison of Gibet made a vigorous sortie from Diana, and took 50 waggons loaded with forage.
The commandant in chief, at Weissenbourg, writes, that on the 12th of September, he attacked, and on the 13th carried, the enemy's camp at Limbach. Our troops advanced with fixed bayonets.—The Prussian and Austrian cavalry fled.
Leyden, September 19. It will be perceived by the two reports of the Hereditary Prince of Orange, that he has not yet been able to give official details of the different bloody and desperate engagements, in consequence of which the body of the Dutch army has been obliged to retreat with great loss towards Ypres, Courtray, Deynse, and Ghent.—There are several private letters, which, though imperfect in their details, give nevertheless a sufficiently distinct idea of what took place on the 13th of September. The French having succeeded in their repeated attacks from the 6th to the 9th of September, in repulsing with loss the army of Marshal de Freytag, in causing the troops of the Duke of York to raise the siege of Dunkirk, and driving them both back to Furnes, immediately advanced in a body on their right, and attacked, with superior force, the Dutch cordon, which was then no longer supported on the right, and might be turned on the side of Ypres. In the afternoon of the 12th, the French appeared in considerable numbers in the woods before Boetbeck and Roncq, and in the evening they surprised and took an advanced post of a Captain and forty men of the regiment of Brakel; large detachments of them appeared likewise within light of Werwick.
At five o'clock the next morning, the enemy, to the number of 30,000 men, formed themselves in three columns: (Our forces at Menin, Werwick, and the environs, amounted to between seven and eight thousand men): The first column passed the Lys at Commines, in order to take in flank, and in the rear, our troops who defended Werwick. The second column, having along with it 17 pieces of heavy artillery, directed its attack on Halluin.—This place, which is the suburb of Menin, was fortified with four redoubts; but the workmen had not yet been able to complete them. Our troops in Werwick supported the efforts of the enemy during four full hours. The fire was terrible on both sides, and the carnage proportioned to the briskness of the action. Our troops were informed that the third column of the enemy were in motion.—All the aid they had hitherto received from the Austrian army consisted of 300 hussars; these and the Dutch hussars, endeavoured by repeated charges to break through the enemy, but to no purpose.—Prince Frederick of Orange, who commanded this post, was wounded, and the French had already penetrated into Werwick: Our troops were in consequence obliged to retreat by the road to Ypres. In Halluin and Menin there were six battalions, but by no means numerous; these, after a desperate defence, sunk under the superior numbers of the enemy; the greater part were killed, and the rest made prisoners. Menin thus remained in the power of the French, and the body which retreated from Werwick, had no other resource but to fall back towards Ypres; but, having arrived between Goluwe and Geluwe, they there found the third French column, which had already doubled them on the right, and was there lying in ambuscade, with the artillery masked. As soon as our troops, harassed with this bloody engagement of Werwick, were within reach, they were attacked by a most terrible discharge of grape-shot, and a general fire from the enemy's infantry; in consequence of which they were obliged to save themselves precipitately in the woods, there to form anew behind the corps of General de Beaulieu, and to retreat towards Deynse and Ghent. The detachment of Austrian cavalry, by throwing themselves into the rear of the Dutch infantry, greatly contributed to increase the confusion, and render the loss more considerable.
Rouen, September 22. They write from Breist, that the patriotic army has taken Portnic, Bourgneif, Machecnel, Maraigne, and several other important posts; that not less than 1500 of the rebels have fallen in the different rencontres, and that their spirit of enterprize is completely damped.
On the 19th of September, a detachment of our army took possession of Pays-Cerda; in this place they found 29 magazines, 405 tents, 500 miquelets, 150 sheep, and 300 oxen.
General Kleber states, in his letter of the 12th of September, that he had taken 7 pieces of cannon from the rebels, and that 500 waggons would not contain the booty which had been captured.
The commandant at Douay informs, that he has obtained a complete victory over the rebels, who presented themselves in two columns before Douay; that the pursuit was continued to Vihiers. Their loss in men and ammunition was great.
The army of Thouars obtained another victory; took a large number of prisoners, and killed 150 of the enemy.
General Dagobert, in a letter dated at Mont-Libre, September 4, writes, that, being informed of a sudden attack which had been made upon his camp at Port-Olett, by 5000 infantry and 400 horse, he immediately threw himself at the head of his troops and formed the line of march at three in the morning, with a determination to give them battle.—Having come up with the enemy, a severe conflict ensued, which lasted for two hours, when the ene-
my was completely routed, and fled with precipitation, leaving behind a vast quantity of military stores, and 300 prisoners, 30 officers, 3 Colonels, and the commandant. We had 8 men killed.
Nantz, September 16. Our army, since its departure from Nantz, has gone on from one success to another. The country from Nantz to Rochelle is entirely cleared of the rebels.
A letter from Conthon, states that the department of Puydome, whose quota was 25,000 men, has generously turned out upwards of 40,000 effective men.
From the 8th to 9th, of September, more than 500 bombs and 1000 red-hot balls, were thrown into Lyons, but without any effect in firing the city, which is constantly watched by 6000 engine men. There is not a doubt entertained of its safety.
L Y O N S.
This city still continues its opposition to the arms of the convention. The places and hotels of the rich are the object of the cannonade of the investing forces; the troops of the Republic willing to spare this delightful and opulent city. An immense number of balls and shells had, notwithstanding, been fired into the city—but without effect. This city, in point of wealth and consideration, is considered next to Paris, containing 150,000 inhabitants; and its opposition is greatly regretted by all who wish the real good of the republic.
L O N D O N, September 27.
On Wednesday another messenger arrived from the Earl of Yarmouth. It does not appear that he has brought any further account of the victory obtained over the French, on the 14th, although the Duke of Brunswick was left in pursuit of the army when the first accounts came away.
The truth is, that very little is known, in detail, of the operations on the Rhine. We know only, in general, that much blood has been spilt; that posts have been forced, and incursions made into the enemy's territory on both sides; that the allied armies have never been able effectually to break the line of defence established by the French.
Sept. 28. The last private letters received from the army, state it as a rumour coming from the eastward, that the trenches have been opened before Maubeuge, and that the Austrian general, Count Wontzel Colloredo, had the command of the besieging army. The capture of this place, it is understood, is to set a conclusion to the labours of the campaign.
General Omero, the Commandant of Dunkirk, and who was suspended, on account of a suspicion of his having carried on a correspondence with the Duke of York, contrived to make his escape, and rumour says, that he is safely arrived in England.
It is a pity the allied armies should, with all their care and attention, neglect having spies along with them; it has already been attended with one unfortunate circumstance; The young Prince Adolphus, who fought so heroically under Field Marshal Freytag, near Dunkirk, and received two wounds, has been under the necessity of coming to England for a little Court-Plaster .
The Ostend accounts of September 19, say, that the loss of the Dutch at Menin, on the 10th, was much greater than at first supposed. Another Prince of Waldeck has fallen, making two princes of that name since the war. These accounts further add, that the French pillaged Menin and quitted it precipitately, at the approach of Beaulieu, and that it was before Courtray, that their main body was repulsed on the 15th, by the Austrians.
General Beaulieu has recaptured Menin. The French lost between 4 and 500 men, and had some prisoners taken.
An English officer of the Duke's army, dated Sept. 19—20, at Menin, states, that the army has suffered much for comforts; that many English, of small wounds, had died for want of attendance; that a waggon load of wounded English was left on the beach, at their precipitate retreat from Dunkirk, and was washed into the sea, with its contents; that there are not more than 200 English wounded now sick; that of four Hanoverian regiments, of 1000 each, there remained not more than 700 men; that it is believed, the intention of re-besieging Dunkirk is not given up; that the French were defeated near Courtray on the 15th; that the Dutch were really cut up on the 10th; among their losses was the Military Chest [the nerve of Mynheer's army,] that they expect an engagement soon; that the Duke had been reinforced with 5 regiments.
HOTEL LOTTERY, November 20.
13,100 numbers are drawn.—Gain of the wheel is 24,470 dollars. The following are the high prizes as drawn, viz.
 No. 48,884 a prize of 10,000 dollars.  Prizes of 1000 dollars.  25359 9930 23899 5579 47329 40152.  Prizes of 500 dollars.  21819 12216 35380 3776 48334 24397 5530 22330.  Prizes of 100 dollars.  19998 31165 16389 16463 6487 18389 38790 2647  14099 49677 252 9 18710 23872 29772 13078 44495  7659 46067 7658 17 23740 20014. 
Mr. Genet having at length under his signature, publicly denied his having said that "he would appeal from the president to the people;" we are authorised to assure the public, that Mr. Jay and Mr. King will shortly proceed to lay before them, a particular statement of the evidence and circumstances relative to that transaction. New York Diary.

UNITED STATES.
BOSTON, November 18.
The brig Maria, Captain James Parsons, arrived here last Thursday, in forty days from Lisbon. — Captain Parsons informs that Toulon was positively retaken by the French. The account was published at Lisbon on the 25th of September, under the authority of the Spanish Ambassador. The English and Spaniards were driven out, and the place was again entirely in the possession of the republicans. The combined fleets carried the French ships of the line with them. The counter-revolutionists were obliged to make their escape in small boats. Those who could not effect it, were indiscriminately put to the sword — After the reduction of Marseilles, the republicans proceeded to Toulon; and that an army of about 25,000 men reduced the city, and drove out the fleet which occupied the harbour.
Capt. Parsons adds that the siege of Dunkirk was raised, and would not be renewed till further reinforcements were received from England.
Various reports were in circulation on Saturday, that the patriotic Irishmen had risen throughout the kingdom, and had driven from their borders the English troops, &c. That Scotland had revolted from the British crown, and that great commotions had lately taken place in London, &c. We mention these merely as reports; as after making inquiry we were not able to trace the foundation of them.
November 21.
Yesterday arrived in this port, the brig Lady Washington, Captain West, in 54 days from Amsterdam. Captain West brings nothing very material later than we have received; only, that the English fleet, under Lord Howe, and the French fleet having met in the Channel, when a very severe engagement took place, which terminated to the advantage of the French.
TOULON.
On the 10th of October, Captain West spoke the Maria, Capt. Borchmore, 36 hours out from Dieppe, bound to Salem, who informed him, that the English had gained nothing by the surrender of Toulon, as it was retaken by the French troops, who had blocked up the fleet*, by taking possession of the forts, which commanded the harbor.
* Capt. West was not informed what fleet was blocked up, but says it was the fleet or fleets which were in the inner harbor; whether they were only the French, or the French and English, he cannot say.
In order that the new congress may be called, in the language of truth, "the purest Representation of the People," it is expected that their first inquiry will be, "The amount of Revenue, arising from the Impost and Excise, that some satisfactory account may be given, why we are obliged to borrow such large sums in Holland when it has been represented that the Revenue was more than sufficient to discharge the interest of the debt, and defray the exigencies of the government." "Whether the United States are lessening or increasing their foreign and domestic debt." — "The real amount of Loans in Holland, and their appropriations." — "A further investigation on the subject of "instrumentality." — "The responsibility of public officers, in the report of the committee on St. Clair's defeat." — "The cause, progress and probable consequences of the Indian War." — "An enquiry into the principles of the treaty with the British, respecting the surrender of our Western Posts." — "The docking of salaries in the impost, excise and various other departments."
These are subjects which would be agreeable to "The People," to have deliberately considered; as the public would then know many matters, which at present they are greatly in the dark about; it would serve to give that confidence in administration of government which is the support of all free communities, and without which there will exist a jealousy.
"The Appeal to the People," by the Minister of France, through the medium of their Representatives, will, it is probable, early claim the attention of our new Legislature. The subject being important, as it respects the happiness, peace and prosperity of the United States, in connection with their Allies.
May Heaven direct Congress, in all their debates and decisions, and scatter light and not darkness in their paths. The period is interesting, and may the enemies to the French nation, be disappointed in their endeavours to destroy that alliance, on the establishment of which America acquired her independence, and on the continuance of which, the Liberties of France and America essentially depend.
ELIZABETHTOWN, (N. J.) Nov. 27.
Capt. Williams, in 95 days from St. Peterburgh, to the Delaware, informs, that on the first day of September last, on the passage homeward-bound, a few leagues off the coast of Norway, they saw two small French privateers, belonging to Dunkirk, capture about 15 sail of the British homeward-bound fleet from Russia. Capt. Williams also informs us that he saw part of the captured vessels sent into a small sea-port, on the coast of Norway, called Christianfand. Two days after Captain Williams fell in with the remaining part of the British fleet, under convoy of a frigate and a sloop of war.
NEW YORK. November 27.
The re-capture of TOULON, mentioned under the Boston head, if true, is a very important circumstance to the French Republic — principally, because a nest of inveterate (ci devant noble) aristocrates is
thereby broken up. Capt. Parsons's having said, that this was authentic information, and that it was published in the Lisbon paper, which we all know is an inspected paper, by government, greatly strengthens the belief of the fact — nor withstanding not a lip of it was heard by Capt. Campbell, at Cadiz, on the 5th October (who arrived in this port last Saturday) 4 days later than the other account from Lisbon, and much nearer the seat of action. Perhaps, should such an amazing political disaster be mentioned at Cadiz, however true, the person mentioning of it would be hurried to some infernal basile to expiate the treason! To satisfy on all hands, with respect to this important affair, later accounts are necessary — and if the general opinion should be suspended until then, there would be no need of heart burnings.
By London papers of Sept. 24, and Liverpool of 26, lately received in this city, it is found, that the London Gazette, of September 24, contains an extract of a letter from the Earl of Yarmouth to Lord Grenville, dated Middelhammer, September 15. This letter states, by authority of the Duke of Brunswick's aid-de-camp, that the Duke had surrounded 3000 patriots, near Pirmasens, and with them taken 27 cannon and one howitzer, &c. This appears rather incredible (though written from one Lord to another Lord) as by all accounts, the patriots are in force thereabouts — if it be fact, rely on it, it will be a blow but for the moment.
LYNCHBURG, November 23.
On Sunday night the 21th October, a French brig from Cape-Francois, with a great number of emigrants on board, ran ashore in Lynhaven Bay, and went to pieces. As no person was saved, it is impossible to state how many perished. The bodies of men, women, and children to the amount of forty-eight or fifty have been found. Many of the bodies were so mangled and torn by the surf, that in many places the heads, arms, and legs, were scattered on the sand. All the remains were on Thursday last collected, and committed to their kindred earth.
BALTIMORE, November 28.
We learn that Thomas Sloss Gant, who made his escape from Baltimore goal, was lately tried in Amherst county, Virginia, for horse stealing.
From a late Boston paper.
Extract of a letter from Doctor Franklin, to Dr. Mather, dated Paris, May 12, 1784.
"This powerful nation (speaking of France) continues its friendship for the United States. It is a friendship of the utmost importance to our security, and should be carefully cultivated. Britain has not yet well digested the loss of its dominion over us; and has still at times some flattering hopes of recovering it. Accidents may increase those hopes, and encourage dangerous attempts. A breach between us and France would infallibly bring the English again upon our backs; and yet we have some wild beaks among our countrymen, who are endeavouring to weaken the connexion."
"Let us preserve our reputation by performing our engagements; our credit by fulfilling our contracts, and our friends by gratitude and kindness, for we know not how soon we may again have occasion for all of them."
MARTINSBURG, December 9.
It is to be hoped (says an honest American) that if the French establish their Republic, they will afterwards learn wisdom from our experience, and not suffer a single devil of THEIR loyalists, aristocrates, refugees, or tories (ALL ONE AND THE SAME) ever to remain amongst them. All the troubles we have had, since the acknowledgment of our Independence, have manifestly been from a similar description of such people! and to the yet silent astonishment of the best friends to our liberties, some of such notorious enemies have been elected into the two houses of Congress, to employments in the state governments, to be bank directors, &c. &c. &c.
When France shall have secured her Republican Government, let her do as we ought to have done, not suffer a proscribed wretch to return amongst them. Those who may merit CHARITY, let them have it for humanity's sake, but let them have it at a distance. OUR ILL JUDGED CLEMENCY to those who were our worst enemies, who fled, and have since returned, will, ere long, cause a NECESSITY for our making another PURGING of the people! to get rid of the vile emissaries and incendiaries, who are become FAT in wealth, by joining in with the funding PATRIOT, and are now busily at work among us, to bring about our ruin, or our re-subjugation to an enemy who hath done us too much injury ever to forgive us.
OFFICIAL COMMUNICATIONS.
Copy of a letter from Mr. Genet, Minister Plenipotentiary from the Republic of France, to Mr. Jefferson, Secretary of State.
New-York, November 14, 1793. 2d year of the French Republic.
SIR.
"I BELIEVE I ought to communicate to you the copy of a letter, which I have just written to the attorney general of the United States, to demand of him, that Messrs. Jay and King, the one chief justice, and the other a senator of the United States, who have published in the newspapers a libel against me, should be prosecuted in the federal court. I have to this moment omitted nothing to ascertain the falsity of the perfidious imposture, to which these gentlemen have not been ashamed to add their names."
It is with this view I ventured to write the President. It is with this view, that my friends have called, in many papers, upon Mr. Jay and Mr. King, to produce the proofs of their assertion: but the answer which you were charged to make me, sir, being as indecisive as the silence of these gentlemen was profound, a judicial enquiry alone remains for me to confound those who have traduced me, both as delegate of the French people, and as an individual. — This satisfaction will be the most agreeable I can obtain, for I have only wished for the esteem of a free and virtuous people, of whatsoever country they might be; it is doubtless grievous to see at this day calumny bent upon pursuing me, and the benevolence of a people whom I revere, surprised from me, as well as that of their first magistrate. — But what will be my satisfaction, when truth alone shall force those who now misconstrue both my intentions and my principles to do justice to my courage, my unshaken patriotism, and the purity of my conduct.
Accept my respects. GENET. Mr. Jefferson, secretary of state.
Copy of a Letter from the minister plenipotentiary of the French republic, to Mr. EDMUND RANDOLPH, attorney-general of the United States.
New York, the 14th November, 1793, 2d year of the French republic.
SIR.
More pressing avocations have hitherto prevented my applying to you on the subject of a public insult to my nation and myself, which I understand from gentlemen of the law here you are the person officially to be made acquainted with. I enclose you, Sir, a newspaper, printed in New-York, in which the chief justice of the United States, Mr. Jay, and a senator of the United States, Mr. King, have certified to the public, as a declaration of mine, what is utterly and totally false. To you Sir, who are doubtless acquainted with the contemptible arts practised by party to hurt the characters, supposed to obstruct their views, it is needless to enlarge upon the injury this certificate has done the cause of my country in the opinion of this, or the personal dilemma into which it has, as was intended, plunged myself. The lie having effected its purpose, I can, unfortunately for justice, but too slowly follow it with detection. It is, however, a duty I owe my own official character, to procure public prosecution of a calumny, which nothing but their public situations who are the authors of it, induces me to think more of than of the rest of the low newspaper abuse to which I have been so much accustomed.
As you are, as I am informed, from your official situation, the prosecutor of outrages committed by citizens of the United States, either against foreign nations or their representatives to the United States. I am satisfied that it is sufficient for me to acquaint you of the scandalous falsity of the charge against me, to induce you to take such steps, at the ensuing federal court, as the honour of your own country as well as of mine, exact upon such an occasion. I shall attend you for that purpose at any time and place you point out, and desire to be favoured with your answer, when and where that must be.
Accept my respect. GENET.
Edmund Randolph, attorney-general of the United States of America.
Answer of Mr. RANDOLPH, attorney-general of the United States, to Mr. GENET, minister plenipotentiary of the French republic.
Germantown, Nov. 19, 1793.
SIR,
I this moment received the letter which you did me the honour of writing to me on the 14th instant. Understanding that you purpose to return to Philadelphia shortly, and conceiving from this circumstance, that it will be the most convenient place for yourself, I shall be ready to have a personal interview with you there, on the subject of the letter, whenever you may think proper to signify to me the time which will best suit you.
I have the honour, &c.
EDM. RANDOLPH.
LOST, supposed to be stolen by a certain Dr. Jacob Harris, a Hotel Lottery Ticket, No. 10869—endors'd D. Wolgamott and J. Harris. — All persons are caution'd against purchasing the said Ticket if offered for sale. Should that Number prove fortunate, payment is hereby forbid the holder, especially the said Harris, should he claim (as I doubt not he would) the whole amount drawn, and which would perplex me if I ever recover'd, the one half. DAVID WOLGAMOTT.
December 9. 1793.
In the High Court of Chancery, September the 26th, 1793.
BETWEEN Robert M'Knight . . . . . Plt. AND Milling Wooley, and Laurence M'Kernan, Defs.
THE Defendant Milling Wooley not having entered his appearance, and given security according to the act of assembly, and the rules of this Court, and it appearing to the satisfaction of the court that he is not an inhabitant of this country, on the motion of the plaintiff by his council, it is ordered, that the said defendant do appear here on the first day of the next term, and answer the bill of the plaintiff, and that a copy of this order be forthwith inserted in the Virginia Gazette for two months successively, and published at some church of the parish of Norborne, in the county of Berkeley, on some Sunday immediately after divine service, and at the front door of the Capitol in the city of Richmond.
A Copy. Teste, PETER TINSLEY, C.H.C.C.

SEAT OF THE MUSES.
POVERTY.
O POVERTY! thou bane of joy! Thy face does ev'ry bliss destroy. Thy deep sunk eyes, thy thin grown hair, Thy bloomless cheeks, thy heavy air, Thy useless teeth, thy paper lips, Thy rawbone shoulders, meatless hips— In brief, thy all—I can't endure.
O Poverty! behold my purse! Was e'er one in condition worse? Behold my coat, at elbows out, And torn and tatter'd round about! Behold my hat, which once was black, Now much its former hue does lack! Behold my waistcoat! not one button Remains of all that were once put on. Behold my particular'd breeches! Ten thousand thousand are their stitches; Of what first made I've now forgot, For mem'ry fades, as breeches rot. Behold my hose! not ate by moth, For never were they chang'd in troth. Darn'd up and down out side and in; Lo! here a hole too shows my skin. Behold my shoes, without soles, leather, Or strings to keep the straps together. These mis'ries all to thee I owe. O Poverty! thou nurse of woe!
FOUR DOLLARS REWARD.
RAN away from the Subscriber, an apprentice boy named ZACHARIAH LOULAND, bound to the blacksmith trade, about nineteen years of age, six feet high, and fair complexion. Whoever apprehends said apprentice and brings him to me, shall receive the above reward and reasonable charges, paid by
SAMUEL MCCLELLAND. Mill-Creek, Berkeley County, October 20, 1793.
ALL Persons indebted to, or have any demands on, the estate of William Morgan, late of Berkeley, deceased, are requested to exhibit the same to the subscribers, as they are determined on a speedy settlement of said estate.
ABRAHAM MORGAN, } Executors. GEORGE MORGAN. } October 21, 1793.
THE Subscriber requests those that are indebted to him by open account, to come and settle, and if they cannot discharge what may be due, to give their obligations, as their accounts may be closed by the first of April next; he then purposed to open a large assortment of Merchandize, and wants his books settled before he begins business again, as they have been long standing.
JOSEPH MINGHINI. November 11, 1793.
NOTICE.
ALL Persons indebted to the estate of Captain Isaac Evans, deceased, are hereby notified that unless they come in and settle the same by March Court next, their accounts will be put in suit. Any persons having any demands against the said estate, are requested to bring them in immediately, for settlement.
MARTHA EVANS, Executrix, JOHN EVANS, jun. } Executors. JOHN FRAY ATT } October 14, 1793.
EIGHT DOLLARS REWARD.
RAN away from the Subscriber, on the night of the 19th of September last, a Negro Man named SOMERS, about 26 or 27 years of age, 5 feet 7 or 8 inches high, tawny complexion, has a down look. He took with him when he went away, a light cloth coat and breeches, a red shag waistcoat, a round white sailor jacket, a pair of striped and a pair of tow overalls, a good wool hat, and shoes. He will endeavour to pass for a freeman. Whoever apprehends said Negro and returns him to me, or commits him to goal so that I get him again, shall have the above reward, and necessary charges.
JOHN KEARNEY. Berkeley County, Virginia, November 11, 1793.
WANTED IMMEDIATELY, Two Journeymen SADDLERS, and a Journeyman BLACKSMITH, The latter who understands the waggon business, horse-shoeing, &c. Constant employ and good wages will be given, by applying to WILLIAM DARKE. November 25, 1793.
Constant employ and good wages will be given to a JOURNEYMAN BLACKSMITH, Who is acquainted with the different branches of the business, by WILLIAM MERRETT. November 25, 1793.
TO BE SOLD, To the highest bidder, for ready money, on Tuesday, the Tenth day of December next, on the premises,
200 acres of rich Lime-stone LAND, in the County of Berkeley, adjoining the lands of Mr. John Davenport, being a tract sold and conveyed to me by Robert Throckmorton, Esq.
JOHN ARISS. November 22, 1793.
CAME to the Subscriber's plantation, about the 9th instant, a stray Mare, dark bay, with some white on her forehead, branded on the near shoulder I, about 7 years old. The owner is desired to prove his property and take her away.
JOHN EVANS, jun. November 21, 1793.
THE DEBT OF HONOR.
THE Members of the Martinsburg Jockey Club, who have not paid their respective subscriptions, are requested to call and pay the same into the hands of the late Managers, or to Mr. CHRISTOPHER PARROT, the winner of the purse. November 25, 1793.
THIS is to give notice, that I gave a note for seven pounds ten shillings, to a certain Zachariah Miller, bearing date Nov. 12, 1793. I therefore forewarn all persons taking an assignment on said note, as I am determined not to pay it, as the said Miller refused to give me the article that we bargained with him for, before we gave him the note. EDWARD & PETER BANKS. November 22, 1793.
WHEREAS on Sunday the 3d of this instant, my wife Sarah Kearns, did, without any legal provocation, abscond from my bed and board, therefore I forewarn any person or persons from crediting the said Sarah Kearns, as I am determined not to pay any debt of her contracting, unless compelled by law. Given under my hand, in Hampshire County, November 13, 1793. PATRICK KEARNS.
Just opened, and now ready for sale, BY PATRICK BOYLE, At his Store in MARTINSBURG, A large and general assortment of FALL GOODS, Which he is determined to sell on very reasonable terms, for cash or country produce. The highest price given in cash or goods, for good
MERCHANTABLE WHEAT, And CORN. November 4, 1793.
THE Subscribers respectfully inform their Friends and the Public, that they will receive raw cloth at Mr. Seeb Duncan's, (formerly Mr. Thomas Duncan's) in Martinsburg, and return the same when dressed the first day of Court following. We return thanks to those who have favoured us with their custom, and those who wish to continue, may depend on due attention, and an immediate dispatch, by
THOMAS BUTTERFIELD, and Co. October 28, 1793.
NOTICE.
ALL Persons who stand indebted to me in any manner, are desired and earnestly requested, to make an early provision for the payment of the several sums which are due; those who neglect the observance of and compliance with this request, will not I hope blame me for commencing suits against them, which I am determined to do.
MOSES HUNTER. Martinsburg, 17th October, 1793.
TO BE SOLD, From 300 to 700 acres of LAND, lying in one body, on both sides Back-Creek, including said Creek two and half miles on one side and two miles on the other. This land is divided into four plantations, well watered; there is a two story log house, barn, kitchen, &c. on the principal plantation, also a good apple orchard of near 100 bearing apple trees, a peach orchard and some cherry trees, about 16 acres of good meadow, and a mill seat near the dwelling house. The whole of the said tract of land is well timbered, and the bottom equal to any in the settlement. There is on one of the plantations a log house of one story and an half, and an excellent lime-stone spring, suitable for a distillery. The above tract will be divided, or sold altogether, as may suit the purchaser. For terms of sale, apply to the subscriber, on the premises, or at the Printing-Office hereof. WILLIAM BAILEY. October 21, 1793.
THE Subscriber informs the public, that he has established a NAIL FACTORY in Charlestown, where Nails, Brads, and Sprigs of all kinds in his way of business, may be had very reasonable for cash. GEORGE WARK. 3m
SIX PENCE REWARD.
RAN AWAY from the Subscriber, an orphan boy by the name of PETER BANKS, bound by Court—he is a four looking lad, black hair, about 20 years old. Whoever takes up said runaway, and commits him to goal, shall have the above reward. ZACHARIAH MILLER.
TO BE SOLD, 530 acres of LAND, lying on Sleepy-Creek, a corner of Frederick County, nearly adjoining Berkeley and Hampshire line; there are about 50 acres of plow-land clear'd, 12 acres of meadow, and much more may be made, a young bearing apple and peach orchard, the land well watered and timbered, it has a good mill seat, a lime-stone spring, some cabin buildings, &c. Apply to WILLIAM CATLETT. November 18, 1793.
JOSEPH & JOSHUA RIDDLE, Have just received a neat and general Assortment of Well chosen FALL GOODS, Imported in the last vessels from Europe. They hope to be able to give full satisfaction to all that may please to call on them; they are determined to sell for ready pay only, and have opened their goods at as low an advance as any others in the County. The highest price given for country produce of every kind in cash or goods. They return their thanks to the public for the encouragement they have already received and hope to merit a continuance. N. B. Saddles of all sorts at the shortest notice.
WANTS EMPLOY,
A YOUNG MAN, well acquainted with the Distilling Business, and who can give an indispitable recommendation. December 2d, 1793. Inquire of the Printer.
TO BE SOLD,
On reasonable terms, 100 Acres of good Land, on Back-Creek, adjoining Isaac Clawson's, 4 acres of which are cleared, the land well water'd and timber'd; good meadow may be made. For terms of sale, apply to, JAMES QUICK. December 2d, 1793.
CAME to my Plantation some time since, a red Cow, no mark or brand perceivable. The owner is desired to prove property, pay charges, and take her away.
JOSEPH EVANS, Jun. December 2d, 1793.
THE 3d year of this paper expired on the 7th ult.—All persons indebted to the Printer, are requested to make payment.
FOR SALE, AT THE PRINTING-OFFICE, Blank Deeds of Bargain and Sale, Magistrates' Summons,