Norfolk gazette and publick ledger (Norfolk [Va.]), 1807-10-26 00:00:00

NORFOLK GAZETTE AND PUBLICK LEDGER
VOL. IV.]
MONDAY EVENING, OCTOBER 26, 1807.
[NO. 44.
THIS PAPER IS PUBLISHED THREE TIMES A WEEK PRICE TO SUBSCRIBERS SIX DOLLARS PER ANNUM, PAYABLE IN ADVANCE—SINGLE PAPER TWELVE AND ONE HALF CENTS—ADVERTISEMENTS ARE INSERTED AT THE RATE OF FIFTY CENTS FOR THE FIRST, AND TWENTY FIVE CENTS PER SQUARE FOR EACH SUCCEEDING INSERTION.
For Freight or Charter, The American registered Ship CHARLOTTE, burthen 200 tons, now in the harbour, and ready for the reception of a cargo. A part of a freight will be accepted to Jamaica or to Cuba, and the ship dispatched without any delay. Apply to Donaldson, Thorburn, & Co.
WANTED, A VESSEL, of 750 to 1000 barrels, to load for a Windward Island. Immediate dispatch will be given. C. & F. Whittle.
For Sale, Freight, or Charter, The Brig JOSEPHINE, burthen 140 tons, will be ready to receive a cargo in a few days. Apply to Thomas Willock.
Now landing from on board the schooner Mohawk, Roger Quarles, master, from Leghorn, 120 hogsheads Bordolease CLARET, 96 casks Rott Brimstone, 100 boxes Castile Marbled Soap, 50 tin boxes Saffron, 5 cases Florence Silks of all colours, a great many black, 2 bhd. shelled Almonds, 100 half chests Lucca Oil, of 30 flasks, 100 boxes Lucca Oil, 12 bottles each, 3 cases Chip Hats. For Sale by William Pennock. Who offers Said SCHOONER for Sale or Charter; she is copper fastened and copper bottomed, and will be ready to receive a cargo in a few days. October 12.
For KINGSTON, (Jam.) The Ship NABBY, capt. Rider. For freight of a few hundred barrels, apply to WARREN ASHLEY.
Scotch Coals and Empty Bottles. 100 tons of the former and 200 crates of the latter, imported in the ship Industry from Glasgow—For Sale by William Pennock. Who offers The said SHIP, burthen 260 tons, for Charter. October 7.
Liverpool SALT and COAL, For sale on board the ship Jane, William Colley, master.—Apply to the subscriber, William Pennock. Who offers said SHIP, burthen 420 tons, and the ship COURTNEY, burthen 200 tons for charter. October 5.
For Freight or Charter, The Ship THOMAS, captain Boush, will be ready immediately. GEO. MURRAY, & CO. Who have for Sale,
Old Antigua, Jamaica, & W. I. Rum, Madeira, Port, and Cape Wine, Sugar in hogsheads and barrels, 50 crates well assorted Earthenware. September 23.
For CHARTER, The Ship LIVE OAK, Gerrard Yarrell, master, burthen 300 tons, and will be ready to receive a cargo in a few days; she is particularly well constructed for the carrying of masts and timber—Apply to the master on board at my wharf, or the subscriber. William Pennock. September 21.
For Charter, The good Schooner GOVERNOR CARVER, Joseph Churchell, master, burthen 1100 barrels, and is ready for the reception of a cargo. Apply to Moses Myers. September 16.
Landing from the schooner Liberty, from Philadelphia, 9 pipes Country GIN, And a supply of fresh Imperial TEA—For Sale by Joseph Hayes. October 19.
The Subscriber intends to leave the State of Virginia for some months Henry Hastie. October 19.
For RENT, The Store, Counting Room, and Cellar of the House, No. 105, Main-street, an excellent stand for Dry Goods or Grocery Business—possession may be had the first of November. Apply to Francis Smith. Who has for Sale,
500 barrels CORN, 220 bushels white and brown Havana Sugar, 20 puncheons Grenada Rum; 2 pipes Cogniac Brandy, 12 barrels Apple Brandy; Muscovado Sugar in hds. & bbs.; Coffee in bags; 28 pieces Russia Duck, and 6 bales twilled Sacking. Oct. 19.
85 Tierces RICE, For Sale by George Raincock. October 9.
Liverpool Stoved SALT. For Sale on board the ship Jane, capt. Colley, 350 tons Stoved SALT, on moderate terms, if taken from along side.—Apply to Robert Maitland, & Co. October 9.
St. Mary's College.
GRAND LOTTERY, BALTIMORE.
Authorised by the General Assembly of the State of Maryland; the Scheme of which Lottery is the most brilliant ever offered to the citizens of the United States, containing besides a large number of other good prizes, 1 prize of - 30,000 Dollars, 1 do. of - 15,000, 3 do. of - 10,000, 2 do. of - 5,000, 8 do. of - 1,500, 7 do. of - 1,000. Not two blanks to a prize, and the lowest prize twelve dollars. The Scheme contains only 21,500 Tickets; 10,000 of which are actually sold to a company of gentlemen in New-York, to whom the managers have obligated themselves to commence the drawing on the 31st day of December next, and to draw 500 tickets per day. Tickets and Shares are now selling in a variety of numbers, and very rapidly at Ten Dollars and an half each, for a very short time, at G. & R. WAITE'S truly fortunate Lottery Office, corner of Market-street and Charles-street, Baltimore. The grandeur of the Scheme of the above Lottery, together with an assurance from the managers that it will positively commence drawing on the 31st day of December next, have been a sufficient inducement for the subscribers to come to the city of Baltimore, for the express purpose of facilitating the sale of the Tickets. G. & R. Waite. One of the above firm will personally attend the drawing daily to take down the numbers correctly, as will also one of their clerks. The next New-York Lottery will not commence drawing till April next. Tickets of which Lottery may be had at Waite's Offices, in Maiden Lane, New-York. N. B. Different adventurers accompanying their orders with Bank Notes of any description, to either of Waite's Offices in Baltimore or New-York, may have Tickets and Shares forwarded to any amount with the utmost punctuality, and the earliest advice sent them of their success. All prizes sold by G. & R. Waite will be paid by them. A list of all prizes drawn will be sent to the Printer of this Paper, for the inspection of adventurers. October 14.
NOTICE.
All those indebted to the estate of JOHN HOLT, deceased, and those having claims against the same, are requested to make application to my friend James Simpson, who I have made, constituted, and appointed my legal attorney, to transact and settle the estate aforesaid. E. A. Holt, Adm'r x. Surry County, 15th October, 1807.
To be Leased for three or five years, That well known Situation for a Country Store, at Surry Court-House, also known by the name of Price's Tavern or Cross Roads. It has been occupied as a Store for a number of years past with success; the last six years by the late John Holt, who took considerable pains to make the situation comfortable for the reception of a genteel family—The floor room is 24 feet by 16, well fitted with counters and shelves; a good cellar the size of the floor; also a dining room 14 feet square adjoining the floor, with two convenient closets, one 8 by 10, the other smaller, with an entry and fair way on the first floor; there are two convenient lodging rooms on the second floor, one with a fire-place, and also a fire-place in the dining room below—There is also a well enclosed Garden, Kitchen, Smoke-House; a valuable Lumber-House, 18 feet by 26, with two floors; also a Well or excellent Water, convenient to the door—To all this is added, eight acres of Land, including that on which the garden and houses stand, with liberty of cutting fuel for house use, also to mow the uninclosed part of eight acres on any part of the whole estate. It is hard to find a more eligible stand for a country store, as public business is transacted there, such as sales, musters, &c independent of the regular monthly courts. The stage from Norfolk to Richmond passes by the door three times a week in the summer, in the winter meet and stay there the night—There is good landing and water carriage within two miles of the store. It is deemed unnecessary to say more, as it is presumable any gentleman inclined to lease will view the premises, who will be made acquainted with them by Mr. Charles Butts, who resides on the place at present, and was a partner of the late John Holt. It will be leased to the highest bidder on the premises, the 27th instant, it being Court-Day—Terms made known at the time of leasing, and possession given on or before the 10th November, by James Simpson, Attorney for Enza A. Holt, Adm'r x. Surry County, 15th October, 1807.
THE SUBSCRIBER
Has removed to the brick store at the head of Campbell's wharf, fronting said wharf and Wide Water-street, where he offers at wholesale or retail his assortment of Groceries and Ship Chandlery, Among which are
14 hogsheads Muscovado SUGAR, 1 do. and 6 barrels loaf do. 6 do. Antigua, Jamaica, and Grenada Rum, 3 pipes French Brandy, 2 bhd. and 6 bbs. Rye Whiskey, 4 barrels Apple Brandy, 1 do. Peach do. 10 bags Coffee, Imperial, Hyson, Young Hyson, and Souchong Teas, Pepper, Pimento, and Nutmegs, Madeira, Sherry, and Port Wines, London and Philadelphia Porter, English Cheese, Bar Iron and Castings, Nail and Spike Rods, German Steel, Powder and Shot, Tar, Pitch & Turpentine, Paints and Oil, Black and bright Varnish, Canvas and Cordage, Nails and Spikes. Also just received,
20 boxes Lemons, 12 half bbls. Beef Tongues, 20 kegs Tongues and Sounds, 40 kegs and 2 bbs. Salmon, 5 bbs. Mackerel, 15 cases Sallad Oil, 1 cask Currants, 10 boxes Olives, Capers and Anchovies, 6 dozen bottles Cayenne Pepper, 3 do. do. Pickled Peppers, 30 boxes Soap, 20 boxes Candles, 50 barrels Alexandria superfine and fine Flour. John D. Haldane. July 31.
200 boxes Mould CANDLES,
30 half boxes brown Soap, 10 boxes white do. 60 bags Coffee, 5 tierces do. prime green, 4 hogsheads and 10 barrels loaf Sugar, 12 do. Muscovado do. 10 quarter casks old Sherry Wine, 2 bhd. old L. P. Madeira do. 3 bhd. Red Port, 50 do. retailing Molasses, 15 crates well assorted Queen's Ware, Country Rum and Gin in hds. and pipes—For Sale by Phineas Dana. June 8.
From the New York Commercial Advertiser.
MR. LEWIS, The man who addresses the people at large, and does not write for a party, nor under the influence of party spirit, finds some difficulty in choosing a paper, as we are circumstanced at present, in which his observations may be read with attention, and fairly considered. As your paper is not deemed to be abusive, whatever your political opinions may be, it may possibly be read with less prejudice than others of the daily papers; therefore you are requested to publish the enclosed letters. AGRICOLA.
LETTER I.
TO THE CITIZENS OF THE UNITED STATES. Friends and Fellow Citizens, You who are Republicans, and you who are Federalists, are equally interested in the subject of the following remarks; for this reason I claim your attention. War, or no war! Have you made up your minds upon the subject? Is a state of war, all circumstances considered, to be preferred to peace? In a few weeks our congress will be in session, and it may possibly be determined by your representatives whether we shall have war or peace. I say that it may possibly be determined by their resolutions and conduct; for I hardly think that England, after what has happened, will begin the war—It seldom happens that a man will spit in his adversary's face, and afterwards proceed to flog him, unless he resents the original insult. The affair of the Chesapeake was an insult of the very kind that I have mentioned; and if we are disposed to evade fighting, I do not conceive that Great Britain will force it upon us. In fact, she has already disavowed the insult; she has in some measure removed the reproach by declaring, through her secretary of state, that she disavowed the action. The attack on the Chesapeake was not by her order. It may be presumed that the measures of congress will be more or less hostile according to the information they shall receive from our ministers in London. We may venture to predict, without the spirit of prophecy, that England will disavow all claim or right to search our vessels of war or national ships. But I deem it probable, and nearly certain, that she will not surrender her claim to search for British subjects on board our trading ships, when they are in British ports, or when they are ready to enter American ports. Let us suppose that the answer will be to this import, or nearly in these words, viz. "We shall never search your ships of war, but we may on some occasions search your merchant vessels." In what manner should we act; in what manner would it be prudent for us to act, in the case of such an answer? Ought we to seek for war, or endeavour to preserve peace? My opinion is clear on this subject. Prudence and duty require that we should preserve peace. I deem it certain that the time is not far distant when Great Britain will not claim the right of searching neutral ships. She will be compelled by other nations, older and more powerful than we, to resign that claim. In the mean time, viewing the subject as it now presents itself, I conceive that we cannot be justified by correct morals or sound policy in seeking war. In the following letters I shall give my reasons for this opinion. AGRICOLA.
LETTER—No. II.
I am aware, that as the advocate of peace, I may not float in the popular current, and yet I know that I am the friend of the people. I trust also that nine tenths of this nation, when they shall have considered the subject, with all its natural effects and consequences, will admit that war should, if possible, be avoided. I would not go to war at present. 1. Because the war of which we speak would be hurtful to all classes of citizens. 2. Because the object for which we contend is not of sufficient importance to justify the shedding of much blood. 3. Because it will certainly be obtained, in a few years, without our making a great sacrifice of life and treasure to secure it. My first objection to war is the ruin it would produce, or the damage it would occasion, to all classes of useful citizens. When we consider the immense property that is at sea, belonging to citizens of the United States, and the great facility with which the whole of it may be taken, at the very entrance of our harbours, it will readily be admitted that war must produce a general crash among the mercantile part of the community.—How many thousands, men, women and children would be reduced to poverty by such a stroke, without a morsel of bread to sustain life. Our great cities, in a few months, would be scenes of desolation and misery. Let us attend to the history of individuals and we shall find, that in this city, a great proportion of the inhabitants are supported by commerce alone. They must all suffer and many of them must starve without it. I am not to be told that some of our ship carpenters might be employed in the army. They might take a salutary march into Canada. This would give but a poor support to a family of children. It is admitted that our cities poured their inhabitants, or a great proportion of them, into the country, during the revolutionary war, and those people submitted to poverty and great privations, for several years, without murmuring. But they were contending for personal liberty and life. The object of dispute is somewhat different at present. If the inhabitants of great cities were to be the only sufferers by war, our brethren in the country might submit to the calamity with less reluctance; but every citizen of the United States must be affected more or less by such a change in our affairs, true it is that some people among us seem to be desirous of war, though they do not care a cent about the cause of it. Some men flatter themselves with the hope of becoming commissaries or contractors for the army, by which means they may acquire riches, while the nation is reduced to poverty. Other men there are who cherish a constant hatred of England and are delighted with the hope of war. They consider that England will suffer greatly and care not how much we suffer with her. There is a third class, far more numerous, who being indolent and vicious, have nothing to lose. These men are clamorous for war, because among the revolutions that may be caused by war, and the general wreck of fortunes, they may chance to pick up something. Thus the moon-curer is pleased with a storm, because when a ship is wrecked he may chance to get some of the drift. In the estimate of my fellow citizens, I would pay little attention to the desires of such vicious individuals. The farmers or planters in general would suffer greatly by war in every part of the union. Our citizens in general are clothed with imported goods. We pay for those goods by our exported produce; but war puts an end to our commerce. We must then make clothes for ourselves or go without them. The fishery and carrying trade, by which the eastern states are cherished, must terminate by war. The staples of the southern states must perish on hand, and the farmer in the middle states, finding no sale for his grain, may sleep half the day in bed, while his wife learns to spin. I have said nothing about the means by which war is to be supported. Our duties of import will be reduced to a trifle during the war. The common expenses of government, together with all the expenses of the war, must be discharged by a tax on houses and lands. How is the farmer to pay his taxes, when he cannot sell his produce?—We have not had more than one sample of a land tax, and we know in what manner it operated. To this hour it is not fully collected, although that tax was laid when all sorts of produce went to a good market. If I wished that the administration of Mr. Jefferson should become unpopular, I should wish for war and the consequent curse of a land tax.—I am next to enquire whether the object of dispute will justify the nation in courting the calamities of war. AGRICOLA.
For SALE,
15 qr. casks Gorden superior Sherry WINE, 21 pipes Holland Gin; 17 do. Country do. 13 boxes superior Imperial Tea; 40 do. Young Hyson, 23 do. Hyson; 6 do. Souchong; 1 late Ticklenburgs, 2 cases white Platillas; 14 boxes 10 by 12 Window Glass, 400 pieces Yellow Nankens. The above are a consignment, and will be sold low for cash or approved paper, by Mackinder & White. October 23.
Just landing from the schooner Packet, capt. Luce, from Philadelphia,
25 pipes high fourth proof Cogniac BRANDY. And from the Richmond Packet, captain Le Fort, from New-York, 5 bales soft shelled ALMONDS, 30 bags Bottic Corks; 7 pipes Bordeaux Brandy. In Store, 50 barrels prime Pork; 30 do. Mess; 72 do. Beef, 20 do. Mess Beef; 30 bhd. first quality Sugars, 6 pipes Country Gin, Imperial Hyson, Young Hyson, Souchong, and Hyson Skin Teas; 300 Northern Cheeses, 25 pieces Plains—For Sale by William Hull, Jun. October 23.
For SALE, at 60 and 90 Days,
55 hogsheads first quality SUGAR, 20 chests Young Hyson Tea; 5 pun. 3d proof Rum, 4 pipes country Gin. William B. Lamb. October 23.
For RENT,
(And possession given immediately,) A Dwelling-House, No. 64, on Main-Street, next door to Dr. Jeffrey's, with a floor and counting-room below stairs, three rooms above, two rooms in the garret, two in the cellar, and a kitchen;—Also, two HOUSES on Bank Street;—Likewise, a small FARM, with a Dwelling-house, kitchen, and large garden, &c. near Lindsay's Gardens. Inquire of R. Farmar. October 23.
Thomas H. Parker, Offers for Sale,
His Great-Bridge MILL,
newly fitted up to run two pair of stones.—The advantages of this mill are very great, only ten miles from Norfolk, and situated on a never failing stream; although she works at present only two pair of stones, yet the stream affords an abundant supply for ten pair.—Also, a MILL (known by the name of Bell's-Mills) about two miles farther, now in complete order, running one pair of stones and two faws.—This Mill is supplied with water from very extensive swamps, and in wet season very plentifully; at this place there is a floor, the situation of which, for a lumber floor, is equal if not superior to any in that part of the country—This Mill can be supplied with excellent timber from a tract of land only one mile distant from it, which the subscriber also offers for sale. This tract contains between 5 and 600 acres, almost entirely covered with timber; the soil, the subscriber confidently believes, is not inferior to any in the lower part of Virginia.—Any person purchasing this Plantation would have the benefit of a reed swamp within three miles of it, in which any number of cattle may be kept fat during the whole winter. October 5.
400 barrels Tar, 20,000 pipe Staves,
30,000 White Oak Hogshead do. 50,000 Red do. do. 100 Barrels Flour.—For Sale by L. Mansfield. Portsmouth, May 8.

MOTION FOR COMMITMENT.
Conclusive Opinion of the Chief Justice Marshall, on the motion for commitment—delivered on
TUESDAY, October 20.
Much of the difficulty of the present case arises from its being attended by circumstances entirely opposite to those which are usually founded in motions of a similar description.
An examining magistrate commits and ought to commit on probable cause. In designing his duty, after stating that he may arrest either upon his own suspicion or that of others, Blackstone adds, "but in both cases it is fitting to examine upon oath the party requiring a warrant, as well as to ascertain that there is a felony or other crime actually committed, without which no warrant should be granted; as also to prove the cause and probability of suspecting the party against whom the warrant is prayed."
But although the existence of a fact as the foundation of the charge must be proved before a magistrate can legally imprison a citizen, it is not believed to be true that the same necessity exists for ascertaining with equal clearness the full legal character of that fact, or the degree of guilt which the law attaches to it. On a charge of murder, for example, the homicide must be proved; but the inquiry whether it be justifiable or otherwise, is seldom made by an examining magistrate. He could not refuse to commit unless it was perfectly clear that the act was innocent. An opinion that a jury ought to acquit would not warrant a refusal on his part to take the steps which might bring the accused before a jury.
In cases where the legal effect of the act alleged to be criminal is in any degree doubtful, it would greatly derange the regular course of justice, and enable many offenders to escape, should a magistrate refuse to arrest until he had received full proof of guilt. If the fact be of such a character as perhaps to be construed into a high and dangerous crime with the aid of other testimony which the nature of the case admits, it would seem to be a duty to secure the person in order to abide the judgment of the law.
Among the many reasons which may be enumerated for committing in a doubtful case are:
1st. That upon a considerable portion of a criminal charge it is the peculiar province of a jury to decide.
2d. That additional testimony is to be expected; and
3dly. That the person most commonly making the commitment is a justice of the peace, not authorised finally to try the offender, and who consequently, whatever may be the fact, is not presumed to be so competent a judge of the law of the case as he is, to whom the power of deciding it, is confided.
Had these proceedings commenced with the present motion founded on testimony such as is now adduced, I certainly should have felt no difficulty in deciding on it. But the proceedings are not now commencing. The persons against whom this motion is made have been seized, one in the Mississippi territory, one in Kentucky, and one in the western parts of Pennsylvania or New York, and brought to this place for trial. An immense number of witnesses have been assembled, and a very extensive investigation of the transactions alleged to be criminal has taken place. The result has been the acquittal of one of the accused upon principle, that the offence, if committed any where, was committed out of the jurisdiction of this court; and a nolle prosequi has been entered with respect to the others. The witnesses, intended to establish the charge before a jury, have been examined, and the probability of obtaining testimony which can materially vary the case is admitted to be very remote. The great personal and pecuniary sufferings already sustained must be allowed also to furnish some motives, for requiring rather stronger testimony to transmit the accused to a distant state for trial, than would be required in the first instance. It may be added as a consideration of some weight, that the judge who hears the motion, tho' sitting as an examining magistrate, is one of those who is by law entrusted with the power of deciding finally on the case; and there seems to be on that account the more reason for referring the party to a distinct trial on a point, on which a slight doubt may exist.
I do not believe that in England, whence our legal system is derived, a justice of assise and nisi prius , after hearing the whole testimony, would commit for trial in another county, a man who had been tried in an improper county; unless the probable cause was much stronger than would be required on ordinary occasions.
Those conflicting considerations certainly render the questions to be decided more intricate than they would be in a different state of things. After weighing them I have conceived it to be my duty not to commit on slight ground; but at the same time I cannot permit myself to be governed by the same rules which would regulate my conduct on a trial in chief.
There are certain principles attached to the different characters of a judge sitting as an examining magistrate and on a trial in chief which must essentially influence his conduct even under circumstances like those which attend the present case. It is a maxim universally in theory, tho' sometimes neglected in practice, that if in criminal prosecutions, there be doubts either as to fact or law, the decision ought to be in favour of the accused. This principle must be reversed on a question of commitment. In a case like the present, if the judge has formed a clear opinion on the law or fact, which there is not much reason to suppose additional testimony might be obtained to change, it would be injustice to the publick, to the accused, and to the host of witnesses who must be drawn from their private avocations to the trial, should he take a step which in his judgment could produce only vexation and expense; but if he entertains serious doubts as to the law or fact, it is, I think, his duty even in a case like this, not to discharge, but to commit.
The charges against the accused are:
1st. That they have levied war against the United States at the mouth of Cumberland river in Kentucky; and
2dly. That they have begun and provided the means for a military expedition against a nation with which the United States were at peace.
With respect to one of the accused, a preliminary defence is made in the nature of a plea of autrefois acquit .
If the question raised by this defence was one on which my judgment was completely formed in favour of the person by whom it is made, it would certainly be improper for me to commit him; but if my judgment is not absolutely and decidedly formed upon it, there would be a manifest impropriety in undertaking now to determine it. This does not arise from my fear to meet a great question whenever my situation shall require me to meet it, but from a belief, that I ought as well to avoid the intrusion of my opinions on my brethren in cases where duty does not enjoin it on me to give them, as the withholding of those opinions where my situation may demand them. The question whether autrefois acquit will be a good plea in this case, is of great magnitude and ought to be settled by the united wisdom of all the judges. Were it brought before me on a trial in chief I would, if in my power, carry it before the supreme court; when brought before me merely as an examining magistrate, I should deem myself inexcusable were I to decide, while a single doubt remained respecting the correctness of that decision.
To settle new and important questions in our criminal code, especially where those questions are constitutional, is a task upon which a single judge will at any time enter with reluctance; certainly, he would not willingly engage in it while acting as an examining magistrate. There is a decent fitness which all must feel in bringing such questions, if practicable, before all the judges. In England, trials which are expected to involve questions of great magnitude, are seldom assigned to one or two judges. At that interesting crisis when Hardy, Tooke, Thelwall and others were indicted for treason, chief justice Eyre was aided and supported by four associate judges of high talents and character. It would, I have no doubt, in that country be a matter of surprize if any person, whatever might be his station in the judiciary, should undertake to settle a great and novel point on a question of commitment. Although, in the United States, our system does not admit of a commission authorizing a majority of the judges to constitute a court for the trial of special criminal cases, yet it does admit of carrying a doubtful and important point before the supreme court, and I should not feel myself justified were I now to give an opinion, anticipating such a measure.
I shall therefore consider this motion as if no verdict had been rendered for either of the parties.
Both charges are supported by the same transaction and the same testimony. The assemblage at the mouth of Cumberland is considered as an act of levying war against the United States, and as a military armament collected for the invasion of a neighbouring power with whom the United States are at peace.
From the evidence which details that transaction it appears, that from sixty to one hundred men who were collected from the upper parts of the Ohio under the direction of Tyler and Floyd, had descended the river and reached the mouth of Cumberland, about the 15th of December 1806. The next day they went on shore, and formed a line, represented by some as somewhat circular, to receive col. Burr, who was introduced to them, and who said that he had intended to impart something to them, or that he had intended to communicate to them his views, but that reasons of his own had induced him to postpone this communication; or as others say, that there were then too many bystanders to admit of a communication of his objects.
The men assembled at the mouth of Cumberland appear to have considered col. Burr as their chief. Whatever might be the point towards which they were moving, they seem to have looked upon him as their conductor.
They demeaned themselves in a peaceable and orderly manner. No act of violence was committed, nor was any outrage on the laws practised. There was no act of disobedience to the civil authority, nor were there any military appearances. There were some arms and some boxes which might or might not contain arms. There were also some implements of husbandry, but they were purchased at the place. These men assembled under contracts to settle a tract of country on the Red River. No hostile objects were avowed: and, after continuing a day or two on an island in the mouth of the river, the party proceeded down the Ohio.
There are some circumstances in this transaction which are calculated to excite attention and a awakened suspicion. If the exclusive object of those who composed this meeting was to settle lands, it would naturally form the subject of publick conversation, and there would most probably have been no impediment to a free communication respecting it. The course of the human mind would naturally lead to such communications. The silence observed by the leaders on this subject, connected with hints of ulterior views, seems calculated to impress on the minds of the people themselves, that some other project was contemplated, and was probably designed to make that impression.
That the men should have been armed with rifles was to be expected, had their single object been to plant themselves in the Ouachita; but the musket and bayonet are perhaps not the species of arms which are most usually found in our frontier settlements: Nor were the individuals, who were assembled, of that description of persons who would most naturally be employed for such a purpose. The engagement for six months too is a stipulation for which it is difficult to account upon the principle, that a settlement of lands was the sole or principal object in contemplation.
These are circumstances which excite suspicion. How far they may be accounted for by saying, that ulterior eventual objects were entertained, and that the event on which those objects depended was believed to be certain or nearly certain, I need not determine; but I can scarcely believe it possible that it would be contended by any person, that the transactions at the mouth of Cumberland do, in themselves, amount to an act of levying war. There was neither an act of hostility committed, nor any intention to commit such an act avowed.
Very early in the proceedings which preceded this motion, I declared the opinion that war might be levied without a battle, or the actual application of force to the object on which it was designed to act; that a body of men assembled for the purpose of war, and being in a posture of war, do levy war; and from that opinion I have certainly felt no disposition to recede. But the intention is an indispensable ingredient in the composition of the fact; and if war may be levied without striking the blow, the intention to strike must be plainly proved.
To prove this intention, the prosecutor for the United States offers evidence of conversations held by the accused or some of them, with various individuals at different times, relative to the views which were entertained and the plans which had been formed; and of certain facts which took place after leaving the mouth of Cumberland. For although it was decided not be within the power of this court to commit for trial in a territory of the United States, yet every transaction within a territory has been given in evidence in the expectation, that such testimony might serve to explain the meeting at the mouth of Cumberland, and because it was believed to be proper for an examining magistrate to receive it.
That conversations or actions at a different time and place might be given in evidence as corroborative of the overt act of levying war, after that had been proved in such a manner as to be left to a jury, I never doubted for an instant: but that in case where the intent could not be inferred from the fact, and was not proved by declarations connected with the fact, among which I should include the terms under which those who composed the assemblage were convened together, this defect could be entirely supplied by intrinsick testimony, not applying the intent conclusively to the particular fact, is a point on which I have entertained doubts which are not yet entirely removed. The opinion of judge Iredell in the case of Fries, according to my understanding of it when read at the bar, appears to be strongly on this point, and that opinion would be conclusive with me, at least while acting as an examining magistrate. I have not reviewed it particularly, because my decision will not depend on the propriety of admitting this mode of proving the intent.
It has also been made a question, whether after proving a connection between the accused or some general object, the conversations of one of them may be given in evidence against any other than himself for the purpose of proving what that object was. On the part of the United States it is insisted, that such conversations may be given in evidence on an indictment for treason in levying war. By the defence it is intended, that such evidence is only admissible on indictments for a conspiracy or on indictments where a conspiracy, may be laid as an overt act.
The principle that one man shall not be criminated by the declarations of another, not assented to by him, not made in due course of law, constitutes a rule of evidence, which ought not unreflexingly to be invaded.
It is one of those principles on which I do not think myself required to decide, because I am not sure that its decision, however interesting it might be on a trial in chief, would essentially effect the question of commitment, nor am I confident that its decision as argued on the part of the United States, would introduce the testimony it was designed to introduce. In the English books generally, the position that the declarations of a person not on trial, may be given in evidence against a man proved to have been connected with him, is laid down only in cases of conspiracy, where the crime is completed without any other open deed. The position is certainly not laid down with respect to such cases, in terms which exclude its application to others, but it is not laid down in general terms, and is affirmed to apply to those particular cases, without being affirmed to apply to others. From this general observation relative to the English books, East is to be excepted. He states the proposition generally. Yet it may well be doubted, whether this general statement was not with a view to the law in that country of treason, which, in England, almost swallows up every other.
But admitting the law to be the same in treason by levying war, as in cases of conspiracy, how far does it extend?
The doctrine on this subject was reviewed in the cases of Hardy and Tooke. On the part of the crown, a letter of Thelwall containing seditious songs composed by himself and sung in the society, was offered as evidence against Hardy, who was connected with Thelwall. This testimony was rejected because it was not a part of the transaction itself, but an account of that transaction given by Thelwall to a person not engaged in the conspiracy. The court was divided, three for rejecting and two for admitting the evidence.
A letter addressed by one conspirator to another, but not proved to have been received, was then offered and admitted against the opinion of the chief justice, who thought that such a letter did not amount to an act done which might be evidence, but only to a relation of that act which could not be evidence. He was overruled because a letter from one conspirator to another on the conspiracy, was a complete act in that conspiracy.
The next paper offered, was a letter from a society in the conspiracy, which was found in the possession of one of the conspirators, and this was unanimously admitted.
The principle which appears to be established by the decisions, is, that a letter from one conspirator to another on the subject of the conspiracy, is evidence against all, but that a letter, from a conspirator to a person not connected with him, stating facts relative to the conspiracy, is only evidence against himself. How far a conversation held with a stranger for the purpose of bringing him into the plot, may be considered as a transaction, and therefore, testimony to show the general conspiracy, does not appear from these decisions.
This species of evidence is received to show the general object of the conspiracy, but can affect no individual further than his assent to that object can be proved by such testimony as is admissible in ordinary cases.
I notice this point for the purpose of observing, that I do not decide it on the present motion.
The first question which arises on the evidence, is,
With what objects did those men convene who assembled at the mouth of Cumberland?
Was it to separate the Western from the Eastern states by seizing and holding New Orleans?
Was it to carry on an expedition against Mexico, making the embarkation at New Orleans?
Was this expedition to depend on a war with Spain?
The conversation held by col. Burr with commodore Decatur, stated his object to be an expedition against Mexico, which would be undertaken, as the commodore understood, with the approbation of government in the event.
To general Eaton, he unfolded in various conversations, plans for invading Mexico and also for
severing the Western from the Atlantic States.
To commodore Truxton he spoke of the invasion and conquest of Mexico in the event of a war, as a plan which he digested in concert with general Wilkinson, and into which he was extremely desirous to draw the commodore. A circumstance is narrated by this witness which has been noticed by the counsel for the United States, and deserves consideration. It is the declaration of col. Burr that he was about to dispatch two couriers with letters to general Wilkinson relative to the expedition. It is said that these letters, one from col. Burr and one from general Wilkinson, have been left Philadelphia, carrying each a copy of the cyphered letter which has constituted so important a document in the various motions that have been made on this occasion. This letter, though expressed in terms of some ambiguity, has been understood by the supreme court and is understood by me to relate to a military expedition against the territories of a foreign prince. In this sense, the testimony offered on the part of the United States, shows it to have been also understood by Bollman, by Swartwout, and by general Wilkinson. The inference is very strong, that this letter is the same to which col. Burr alluded in his conversation with commodore Truxton, and strengthens the idea that the accused gave to that gentleman a true statement of the real object so far at least as relates to the point against which his preparations were to be directed. All the conversation relative to an expedition by sea would be equally inapplicable to any attempt on the territories of the United States, and to the settlement of lands.
His conversations with the Messrs. Morgans certainly indicate that his mind was strongly directed to military objects, that he was not friendly to the present administration, and that he contemplated a separation of the union as an event which would take place at no very distant day.
His conversation with lieut. Jackson points in express terms to hostility against Spain.
The conversations of Mr. Blannerhasset, evince dispositions unfriendly to the union and his writings are obviously intended to disaffect the western people to excite in their bosoms strong prejudices against their Atlantic brethren. That the object of these writings was to prepare the western states for a dismemberment is apparent on the face of them, and was frequently avowed by himself. In a conversation with the Messrs. Hendersons, which derives additional importance from the solemnity with which his communications were made, he laid open a plan for dismembering the union under the auspices of Mr. Burr. To others at subsequent times, he spoke of the invasion of Mexico as the particular object to which the preparations then making were directed. In all those whom he sought to engage in the expedition, the idea was excited that though the Ouchita was its avowed object, it covered something more splendid, and the allusions to Mexico when not directed were scarcely to be misunderstood.
The language of Comfort Tyler also tends to prove that the enterprize was destined against Mexico.
The communications made to general Wilkinson deserve much consideration in marking the real intention of the parties, because it is obvious that col. Burr, whether with or without reason, calculated on his co-operation with the army which he commanded, and that on his co-operation, the execution of his plan greatly, if not absolutely depended. To general Wilkinson, both the cyphered letter and the explanations made by Bollman and Swartwout, declared the expedition to be military and to be intended against Mexico.
I do not think the authenticity of this letter can now be questioned. When to the circumstances enumerated by the counsel on the part of the United States, are added the testimony of Mr. Swartwout, and its being written in a cypher previously established between gen. Wilkinson and col. Burr, I think it sufficiently proved at least for the present, although not in the hand writing of the person to whom it is ascribed.
The conversation stated by gen. Wilkinson as passing between Mr. Swartwout and himself, so far as it is contradicted by that gentleman, cannot affect Mr. Burr for this plain reason; the person alleged to have made those declarations avers not only that he never made them, but that he was never authorised to make them; that he never heard from Mr. Burr any sentiment indicating designs against any part of the United States, and never even suspected him of such designs. If then gen. Wilkinson be correct, I must consider the observations he narrates, as the conjectures of Mr. Swartwout, not authorised by Mr. Burr.
It is also a circumstance of great weight, that Mr. Burr's declarations at the mouth of Cumberland, furnish strong reasons for the opinion, that he did not wish those to whom he addressed himself to consider the Ouchita as his real ultimate object, and the reference to further information from their particular leaders would naturally induce the expectation, that without any open avowal their minds would be gradually conducted to the point to which their assent was to be obtained. We find there were rumours among them of attacking Baton Rouge, of attacking other parts of the Spanish dominions, but not a suggestion was heard of hostility against the United States.
On comparing the testimony adduced by the United States with itself, it is observable. That which relates to treason indicates the general design, while that which relates to the misdemeanor points to the particular expedition which was actually commenced. Weighing the whole of this testimony, it appears to me to preponderate in favour of the opinion, that the enterprize was really designed against Mexico.
But there is strong reason to suppose that the embarkation was to be made at New Orleans, and this it is said could not take place without subverting for a time the government of the territory, which, it is alleged, would be treason. The supreme court has said that to revolutionize a territory by force, although merely as a step to or a means of executing some greater projects, is treason. But an embarkation of troops against a foreign country may be made without revolutionizing the government of the place, and without subverting the legitimate authority. It is true that violence might probably result from such an attempt and treason might be the consequence of its execution; but this treason would arise incidentally and would not be the object for which the men originally assembled. This treason would attach to those who committed it, but would not, I am inclined to think, infect a previous assemblage convened for a distinct

purpose. If the object of the assemblage at the mouth of Cumberland was to embark at New-Orleans for the purpose of invading Mexico, the law relative to that assemblage would be essentially different from what it might be if their direct object was to subvert the government of New-Orleans by force. If in prosecuting their purpose at New-Orleans war should be levied, this would be treason at New-Orleans when the fact was committed, but it could not I think be said to be treason by levying war at the mouth of Cumberland where the fact was neither committed nor intended. It might be otherwise, if at the mouth of Cumberland, the determination to subvert the government of a territory by force, had been formed.
This opinion may be in some degree illustrated by the doctrine of the English books. Levying of war is an overt act of compassing the king's death. So is a conspiracy to levy war, provided the conspiracy be direct against the king or his government. But if it be a conspiracy to do an act of constructive treason, which act, if done, would support an indictment for compassing the king's death, the conspiracy without the act will not support the indictment. So in this case if the object be the embarkation of a body of men against a foreign country, in the execution of which war may or may not be levied, the fact becomes necessary to constitute the treason.
It is also a circumstance of considerable weight with me, that the proof exhibited by the United States to establish a general design to dismember the union, applies only to col. Burr and Mr. Blannerhasset. It is not proved to have ever been communicated even to Tyler or Floyd. There is not only a failure to prove that such a design was communicated to or entertained by the men who were assembled at the mouth of Cumberland, but the contrary is in full evidence. The United States have adduced several witnesses belonging to that assemblage, who concur in declaring that they heard nothing, that they suspected nothing, and that they would have executed nothing hostile to the United States. This testimony cannot be disregarded for it is uncontradicted and is offered by the prosecution. How then can this assemblage be said to have levied war against the United States?
Had Burr and Blannerhasset constituted this meeting, no man could have construed it into an act of levying war, whatever might have been their purpose. Their being joined by others having no hostile intentions against the United States, who were attached to them with other views, and who would not permit themselves to be employed in the execution of such intentions, does not seem to me to alter the case. The reason why men in a posture of war may be said to levy war before a blow is struck, is, that they are ready to strike without them. He had yet to prevail upon them to come into his measures. This is not a meeting for the purpose of executing a formed design, but a meeting for the purpose of forming a design. It is therefore more in the nature of conspiracy than of actual war.
Suppose Mr. Burr had at the mouth of Cumberland declared his object to seize upon New-Orleans and dismember the union; and that upon this declaration, his men had universally abandoned him, could this have been denominated an act of levying war? If we forget the constitution and laws of our country, if we suppose treason, like moral guilt, to consist in the intention, and that it may be legally evidenced by words declaring that intention, the answer to this question may be in the affirmative; but if it can consist only in an open deed of levying war, I confess myself unable to perceive how such a proposition can be construed into such a deed.
The case does not appear to me to be essentially varied by the circumstance, that this design was not avowed, and that the men followed col. Burr with other views. Upon general principles it appears to me, that unless some act be committed from which a treasonable intent may be inferred, that the treasonable intent must be proved in the assemblage, where that assemblage is composed of free agents, as well as in the person who convenes them, before the law considers war as being actually levied.
This opinion is supposed to be contrary to the decision in the case of the Earls of Essex and Southampton. I have examined that case as reported in the state trials, and do not think it in any respect contradictory to the ideas I have delivered.
The design of the Earl of Essex was to force his way into the palace and to remove certain counsellors from the Queen who were his enemies, but he intended no hurt to the person of the Queen. For the purpose of executing this design, he assembled a large body of armed men at his own house who continued embodied after being ordered by the proper authority to disperse, and he also entered the city of London for the purpose of raising the citizens in order further to aid him in the execution of his plan. Several consultations had been previously held at which the Earl of Southampton assisted; and it is not alleged in the case that he was not fully informed of these projects. He believed that no design was entertained against the person of the Queen and therefore that his acts were not treasonable; but in the law he was mistaken. In fact no particular design against her person was entertained, and Essex as little suspected as Southampton that they were committing treason. They were ignorant that the law pronounced those facts to be treason, but they were neither ignorant of the facts themselves nor of the real intention with which those facts were committed.
In this case, the judges delivered their opinion of the law on two points. The one "that in case where a subject attempteth to put himself into such strength as the king shall not be able to resist him, and to force and compel the king to govern otherwise than according to his own royal authority and direction, it is manifest rebellion." The other, "that in every rebellion the law intendeth as a consequence the compassing the death and deprivation of the king, as foreseeing that the rebel will never suffer that king to live or reign who might punish or take revenge of his treason or rebellion."
Under this law opinion of the judges, Essex and Southampton were condemned and executed. The only difference between them was that the quarrel was the quarrel of Essex, and Southampton only adhered to him; but he adhered to him knowing what he did and the intention with which he acted.
Believing then the weight of testimony to be in favour of the opinion that the real and direct object of the expedition was Mexico, and inclining also to the opinion that in law either acts of hostility and
resistance to the government, or a hostile intention in the body assembled, is necessary to convert a meeting of men with ordinary appearances into an act of levying war, it would in my judgment be improper in me to commit the accused on the charge of treason.
It is contended that they are not guilty of a misdemeanor, on one of these grounds: Either the United States were actually at war with Spain, or the expedition was dependent on war, and, in the event of peace, was to be converted into a settlement on the Ouchita.
It is alleged that we were at war with Spain, because a Spanish army had crossed the Sabine and entered the territory of the United States.
That a nation may be put in a state of war by the unequivocal aggressions of others without any act of its own, is a proposition which I am not disposed to controvert, but I cannot concede this to be such an act. The boundaries claimed by the United States to their recent purchase of Louisiana are contested by Spain. Now if either nation takes possession of the contested territory as its own, it is an act which the opposite government may elect to consider either as an act of war or otherwise, and only the government can make that election. No citizen is at liberty to make it, or to anticipate his government.
But it is alleged that war if not absolutely made, appeared to be inevitable, and that the prosecution of the expedition depended on its taking place. That the probability of war was great, may be admitted; and this may extenuate the offence, but it still remains an offence which is punishable by law. If the expedition was really eventual, and was not to take place in time of peace, then certainly preparations might be made for it without infracting any law; but this is a fact proper for the exclusive consideration of a jury, and I shall make no comment upon it which might, the one way or the other, influence their judgment.
I shall commit Aaron Burr and Herman Blannerhasset, for preparing and providing the means for a military expedition against the territories of a foreign Prince, with whom the United States were at peace. If those whose province and duty it is to prosecute offenders against the laws of the U. States, shall be of opinion, that a crime of a deeper die has been committed, it is at their choice to act in conformity with that opinion.
Israel Smith is not proved to have provided or prepared any means whatever, and therefore I shall not commit him. If he has really offended against the laws, he may be prosecuted for the treason in Kentucky, or for the misdemeanor in his own state, where, if any where, his offence has been committed.
Latest proceedings.
After the delivery of the opinion of the court, on Tuesday, the Chief Justice observed, that he had not specified (in that opinion) the particular district to which the prisoners were to be committed. He thought it best that there should be only one trial for them; but if Burr was sent to Kentucky, Blannerhasset could not, because he had provided no means for the expedition but in the district of Ohio.
Mr. Hay then moved for their commitment to Ohio, which was ordered.
Mr. Wickham then moved for an attachment against Mr. Benjamin Hawkins, an Indian agent, for detaining Dr. Cummings, a witness in this prosecution, and breaking open certain papers in his case belonging to Mr. Blannerhasset one of the accused: a Rule ordered.
Messrs. Burr and Blannerhasset were admitted to bail in the sum of $3,000 each. Luther Martin and Dr. Cummings, securities for A. Burr; Dr. Cummings and Israel Smith, for H. Blannerhasset. The court then adjourned till their court in course.
THE PUBLICK LEDGER.
MONDAY EVENING, OCT. 26, 1807.
Yesterday about one o'clock the French Frigate Le Cybelle got under weigh from Craney Island, with a strong wind at W. S. W. and proceeded to sea. She was left by the pilot at 8 o'clock last night, about 6 leagues to the eastward of Cape Henry, going off under a press of sail, at the rate of 11 knots. About an hour after leaving the Cybelle , spoke a pilot who informed that the British ships were all at sunset about 6 leagues to the southward and eastward of the Cape. The wind shifted to north about midnight, and has been blowing very strong ever since, so that there is every reason to believe the Frigate has escaped.
This furnishes us with an evidence of the impolicy of depending upon any other, than our own means for defence. Our government some time since calculated upon this Frigate as a part of the defence of Norfolk, and reduced another part of the force then employed in consequence, behold she is gone without leave or notice, having taken what we used to call French leave . We wish Monsieur a good passage to France.
BURR'S TRIAL. —This trial which has engaged the publick attention for nearly eight months, has terminated in this state by the accused being bailed to stand trial in the state of Ohio, for a misdemeanor, in preparing the means for a military expedition against the dominions of the king of Spain. And so after all this mighty fuss, Burr is committed to stand trial upon a charge of preparing the means of an expedition to attack the dominions of Spain, with whom the United States expected to be at war. To avert this great mischief, the constitution of our country has been shamefully violated, the writ of Habeas Corpus suspended, Judges insulted and driven from the seat of justice, Counsel imprisoned and treated with contumely and insolence in the courts of justice, for daring to execute their professional duties; Private citizens arrested, their papers examined, their persons seized and deported beyond sea 2000 miles at an inclement season; Post-offices violated by seizing and opening all letters, in short every thing (murder and robbery excepted) that violence
and tyranny could exercise in the most despotick country, has been perpetrated in this land of liberty with impunity! "Hail Columbia happy land."
Orders we understand have been sent from the war department, to the different military posts of the United States, directing that all deserters from the service of foreign nations, should be forthwith discharged. At this post several have been discharged; they were mostly, if not all British.—This has been considered as indicative of a pacific disposition by some; unless we know more of the motives, we shall not offer any opinion upon the subject. It is however to be inferred, that our government is persuaded that the employment of deserters from other services, is either impolitic on our part or illegal, as respecting the rights of other nations. If it is impolitic in the land service, it is more so in our naval service, because the means of becoming treacherous in the latter are more easy, and would be more ruinous to the service. The legality or justice would be alike in either case.
This day is appointed for the meeting of Congress, before which body the most momentous subject that has been presented since the declaration of independence, will be offered for consideration. To be indifferent upon such an occasion, is impossible. Whatever may be the determination of congress, that determination ought to receive the support of every citizen, whatever may be his opinions or wishes. In a government like ours, the will of the people constitutionally expressed ought to be, and must be conclusive. The more it is so, as the particular important subject which will be presented for deliberation, has now had full and fair discussion. The subject we think is well understood, and the points in dispute are but few. The ground (it is to be hoped) that will be taken, and not departed from, is that on no pretext whatever, will the United States consent that a national ship of theirs shall be visited or searched. That satisfaction for the outrage already committed, shall be made; that the honour and feelings of the nation shall be satisfied. That the impressment of our sea-faring citizens shall cease. But we hope that our country is not to be plunged into a calamitous war for the protection of British deserters, or what are still less worthy of regard, Americans, who have voluntarily entered into a foreign service.
The mail having been placed on the winter establishment, we presume prevented us from receiving any papers north of Richmond, by the last mail.
"France has ships and we have seamen." Under present circumstances, if the ships of France were in another Planet, they could not be less serviceable to the United States than where they are.
The author of Virginianes , is assured, that the reports which have produced his address, are without foundation, and we speak from personal knowledge. If he is acquainted with the officer in whose behalf he has written, he will be convinced of his error if he chooses to inquire.
By Captain Walker's packet from Baltimore, we have received papers to Saturday evening. From the American we make the extracts which follow.—The papers contain little else worthy of notice.—The accounts are not so late from Copenhagen as those previously received from England. The sang froid , with which the dismemberment of Portugal is spoken of, is quite in character with those who exclaim against the temporary seizure of Copenhagen. Portugal, who has paid the price of her neutrality three times over, is finally to be bestowed on whomsoever Buonaparte pleases. Spain will go next—and who next?
By the arrival of the brig Happy Couple at this port, we have received our regular file of the Paris Moniteur , from the 1st of August to the 4th of September, inclusive. The only article of importance from Denmark, which we notice at the first glance, furnishes intelligence from Copenhagen to the 20th August, and from the extremity of Zealand to the 22d of the same month. It is represented that the Danes had been successful in two sorties against the British on the 19th and 20th; that they commanded all the avenues leading to Copenhagen, together with such other positions as incommoded the British considerably in their approaches to the city, and compelled them to proceed with the utmost caution.
We understand that the captain of the Happy Couple reports, that batteries were erecting by the Danes and French on both sides of the Great Belt, with the intention of acting against the British ships which guard that passage, and that a French army of 50,000 men were ready to pass over to Zealand at the first opportunity, to compel the British to raise the siege of the Danish capital. Part of the suburbs of Copenhagen were reported to have been burnt by order of the Danish commander Peyman. We find this corroborated in our Paris papers, by an article under the head of Kiel, Aug. 21.
The Capt. is also represented to state, that Buonaparte had had a conference with the king of Spain on the confines of his kingdom, and that the French army of 40,000 men, collected in the neighborhood of Bayonne, had marched for the reduction of Portugal.
The Moniteur is full of the projects of new laws relative to external commerce, internal trade and improvements, and a variety of minor objects all tending to shew the indefatigable industry of Buonaparte and his counsellors to render France as prosperous in peace as she has been in war.—Several reports of great length are given in official form, exhibiting the situation of the French empire in almost every point of view: The pictures drawn are calculated to flatter the vanity of a more
sedate nation than the French, who are called by the orators of government the great and good people . It will be impossible to publish these statements entire, but we shall from time to time give such extracts as will furnish the reader with a pretty correct idea of the efforts of Buonaparte to raise the people over whom he reigns to the very pinnacle of grandeur.
Stralsund surrendered to the French under marshal Brune on the 29th of August, the king of Sweden having become alarmed for his situation and fled to Rugen, leaving M. Peyron, one of his aid-de-camps, to make the best terms he could with the besiegers. The inhabitants were very much terrified when the French troops entered the town; but it does not appear that gen. Brune suffered any violence or disorder to take place.
Extract of a letter from a gentleman at Bordeaux, to his father in this city, dated Sept. 8, 1807.
"The emperor of France leaves no stone unturned to ruin Great Britain. There are at present no less than 100,000 men marching through this place on their way to Portugal. I think Spain is included in their object; and shall be much surprised if the present king is not dethroned. It appears that Lucien is to be king of Navarre, which will comprehend Biscay, Navarre, and Catalonia; Portugal to be given to Spain in lieu. It will not end there."
* Querre —Is not Gibraltar one object?
The circumstance of there being no account of the surrender of Copenhagen at Bordeaux on the 12th of Sept. when capt. Lovell, of the Happy Couple , left there, furnishes ground for belief that the capital of Denmark did not yield on the 24th of August, as represented by information received at the eastward. If it had capitulated, it is highly probable that intelligence of the event would have reached Bordeaux in 19 days after the occurrence took place. The cessation of the firing that was heard on the 24th is no proof of a surrender; for, as the editor of the New York American Citizen very shrewdly observes, the Danish batteries were as likely to silence the fire of the British fleet as the latter were to silence the cannon of the Danes.
WASHINGTON, October 23.
Several of the British prints, in announcing the arrival of the Revenge , state the existence of a rumour that the American government had required an answer to their representations in four days, and reduced from this circumstance their anti-pacific temper. It may be satisfactory to state, that this rumour is altogether unfounded. No such demand has been made, nor has any definite time been prescribed for receiving an answer. It is true, that a prompt answer is expected, and there can be no doubt, but that if the British ministry wish to maintain peace between the two countries, a prompt answer will be given.
A considerable number of members of the National Legislature have already arrived in the city; and there does not exist a doubt of a quorum of both houses being formed on Monday. If so, it is probable the Message of the President will be delivered on Tuesday.
Nat. Intel.
PHILADELPHIA, October 16.
The Election in the State of New Jersey concluded on Tuesday last; the Federalists have obtained a majority in both houses of the Legislature; of course that state, will at the next meeting of the Legislature, have a federal Governor also.
Gazette Marine Memoranda.
ARRIVED.
Sch'r Ann Ballard , Langdon, 17 days from St. Pierre (Martinique) Sugar & Coffee, James Young.—Left, brigs Traveller , Hogan, of and for New-York, to sail the 12th inst.; Blanchy , Craig, of Baltimore, to sail the 7th inst.; Fox , of New York, the 15th inst.; Essex , of New York, about the same time; the same time ; Paragon , of New York, ditto; Bellona , Smith, of New-Haven, from Mogadore, just arrived; Louisa , M c Namara, of Alexandria, to sail in 10 or 12 days.—Schooner Pilgrim , Bartlett, of Plymouth, just arrived, and several others not known.—Brigs Erminia , Ramsay, of Baltimore, sailed the 5th inst.; Eliza , Mitchell, of New-York, the 4th do.—The 18th inst. in lat. 34, 12, long. 73, spoke brig Letsey , Boyd, of Baltimore, 5 days from the Capes, bound to Havana.—22d, spoke the brig Atlantick , of New-York, in lat. 34, 12, under jury-masts.—On the 23 Cape Henry bearing N. W. 8 leagues, was boarded from the British frigate Ville de Milan , treated politely.
Sch'r Eliza , Blair, 20 days from Antigua, Rum, Donaldson, Thorburn, & Co.—The brig Mehitabile , Hannah, of this port, sailed 3 days before for Charleston.—The schooner Virginia , Poulson, from Africa, arrived at Antigua the day before captain Blair sailed.
DEAGLE'S Packet will sail for Baltimore on Wednesday, wind and weather permitting.—For passage only, (having all his freight engaged), apply on board at Newton's Wharf.
At the Dwelling-House of B. Nottingham, on Smith's Point, on WEDNESDAY the 28th instant, at 11 o'Clock,
WILL BE SOLD, All his Household and Kitchen FURNITURE, with four NEGROES. The Furniture is new and elegant—Terms Cash. Wm. B. Lamb.
October 26.
Valuable Property for Sale.
In pursuance of a Decree of the Circuit Court of the United States for the Virginia District, in a suit there depending between William Young Coker, Plaintiff ; and Carter & Page and Rebecca his wife; Chapman Johnson and Mary Ann his wife; William Nicholson, Margaret Nicholson, an infant under the age of twenty-one years, by John Crispen her guardian; and Agness Nicholson an infant under the age of twenty-one years, by Andrew Nicholson, her guardian, Defendants .
Will be Sold at Auction, for ready money, on the premises, on the 25th day of November,
That Valuable TENEMENT,
in the Borough of Norfolk, now in the occupation of Mr. James Heron—and the unimproved LOT OF GROUND opposite thereto. The Sale will commence between 11 and 12 o'clock in the forenoon.
C. Copland, Commissioner. October 21.

Wood and Hastings, No. 76, Main Street, Have received from London and Liverpool, via Baltimore, 60 packages composing a complete assortment of Fall and Winter GOODS;
Amongst which are Best blue, black, bottle green, and olive broad Cloths; fashionable Cassimeres; coarse Cloths; coarse and fine Coatings; Flannels and Baizes; Kendal Cottons; blue and white Kerseys and Halfbuck; blue and drab Plains; Flannels; Rose and striped Bannetts; Carpets; Swans down; Bennet's Cord and Toilette; Vesting; Durants; Calimancoes; Ruffs and Bumbazets; Manchester Cords and Velvets; silver Cords and tabby Velvets; Irish Linens; Sheerings; Diapers and bed Ticks; Calicoes; Dimities; Cambric Muffs; Ginghams; fancy Muffs; Hosiery; Pins; Thread, &c. &c.
Also, an assortment of French Lutestrings; silk Velvets; black and white silk Hose; silk Gloves, assorted colours; fancy silk Handkerchiefs; white kid Gloves; leather do.; Crapes; silk Cords and Tassels; Gauze and Cotton Trimmings, &c. LIKEWISE, 10 bales India Cottons, 2 do. Coarse Linens; 1 chest white Rolls. October 5. tf
J. & W. SOUTHGATE, Have now received the whole of their Fall Assortment from London and Liverpool, amongst which are the following: Best superfine Navy Blue, London Brown and Bottle Green Cloths, fashionable Cassimeres, Coarse Cloths of every description, Superfine white and scarlet Flannels, Hosiery of every description, 3-4, 7-8, and 4-4 Irish Linens, Superfine Hollands for Shirting, Oznaburgs, Tow and Flaxen, Kendal Cottons in small assorted bales, Manchester Goods of every description, Best London Seine Twine, Nails 4d, 6d, 8d, 10d, 12d, & 20d, Diamond head Spikes, all sizes, Glazed Gun Powder and Shot.
ALSO, 10 packages of German LINENS, Consisting of Tickenburgs, Oznaburgs, Hessens, Heedens, Flax- en Rolls, Platiillas, &c. entitled to debenture, all of which will be sold for cash, or on liberal credit for good paper. September 28. 2m
Fall and Winter GOODS. The Subscribers have received by the ship Nabby, from Liverpool, and Planter, from London, an extensive and general assortment of Seasonable and Fancy GOODS, Amongst which are
20 bales Negro Cottons and Kerseys, 10 do. Rose and Dutch Blankets, 6 do. Plains and Halfbuck, 13 do. Cloths, Coatings, Fearnoughts, &c 6 do. Flannels and Baizes 2 do. superfine Cloths and Cassimeres, 10 do. Twilled Sacks; 5 do. British Oznaburgs, 10 cases Hats, 5 do. Irish Linens and Sheerings, 20 trunks fashionable Goods, 4 casks Seine Twine, 6 tons Shot, 50 kegs F and F Gun Powder, also an assort- ment of Hardware, Cutlery, Nails, &c. All of which they offer for sale by the piece or package, on the lowest terms for approved paper. Richard & John Taylor. 2m
September 25. MACKINDER & WHITE, Have received from London in the ship Planter, and Nabby, from Liverpool, their Fall and Winter GOODS.
The best superfine Black, Navy Blue, and fashionable mix- ed Cloths, Cassimeres, Patent Cords, Swansdown, black silk Florentine, Gentlemen's patent silk and beaver Hats; La- dies' Trafalgar, Calabria, Buenos Ayres, and Cottage beaver Bonnets; Children's beaver Caps and Bonnets; Ladies' plain and fancy Kid and Morocco Shoes; red and black Morocco Nelson's combs; Gentlemen's Hessian and Spanish Boots, and dress Shoes and Pumps; superior rich gold Epau- lets; lace and silver Fringe; plain, tamboured, and Leno Muslin for dresses; Callioes, Chambrais, and Ginghams; rose and striped Blankets; Kendal Cottons; strong white Plains; mix- ed Fearnoughts; Flannels; Manchester Cords; blue and drab Plains; Dimities and Marseilles; 4-4 Irish Linens; 5-4 and 6-4 Sheerings; Hosiery; Cutlery in boxes assorted; coarse Hats do.; Nails, Window Glass, &c. The above are offered for sale by wholesale or retail, at the lowest terms for Cash or approved paper. September 25. tf
FALL GOODS. We have received per the ship Nabby, from Liverpool, a handsome assortment of Woollen GOODS, well suited to the approaching season, and are in expectation of a further sup- ply by the first arrival from London. On hand, a few very fine Toned, Grand, and Patent Piano Fortes. September 16. 2m
COCKE & SANFORD, Have received by the ship Nabby, from Liverpool, an as- sortment of Fall and Winter GOODS, Consisting of Cloths of all qualities, Cassimeres, Bennet's patent Cords, Flannels, Blankets, Kendal Cottons, Yarn, Worsted and Cotton Hosiery, Powder and Shot, and a small assortment of Saddletry. They expect by the first arrival from London, a further supply of fashionable fancy GOODS. September 14. 2m
NOTICE. Those who have claims against the estate of RICHARD P. PRECIOUS, deceased, are request- ed to deliver them to the subscriber properly authenticated, and those indebted are requested to make payment, otherwise fuits will be commenced against them. Thomas Crossley, Adm'r. September 30. tf
For SALE, Imported in the Galliot Fortune, captain Norton, from Te- neriffe, 100 pipes and 90 hhd. L. P. Tene- riffe WINE, of superior quality. Apply to Phinehas Dana. September 29. tf
Coarse Liverpool SALT, For Sale on board the ship Courtney, capt. Bryant, lying at my wharf. Apply to William Pennock. Who has on hand, Liverpool Blown and Cadiz SALT. September 16. tf
Landing from on board the Georgiana, from Amsterdam, Choice GIN in pipes, Holland Sail Cloth, Tickenburgs, Glasware in small cases, Old Hock in cases of one dozen, Linsen Oil in casks, Dutch Smoking Pipes in cases, a quantity of empty Jugs — For Sale by Moses Myers. Sept. 29. tf
291 bags prime Green COFFEE, 200 bales Barinas Cotton; 26 bags Caracas Cocoa, landing on our wharf from on board the brig Catharine, from Laguna, and for Sale on liberal terms. C. & F. Whittle. In Store, Antigua Sugars in hhd. tierces, and barrels; a few puncheons Jamaica Rum; Madeira Wine fit for use; London Brown Stout in casks of 6 dozen each; Bor- deaux Claret in hogsheads; Philadelphia Porter and Ale in wood and bottles; Hermitage and Burgundy in cases of two dozen. October 16. 6t
St. Mary's College Lottery of Balti- more. TICKETS for Sale by Rowland & Triplett. October 16. tf
Butter, Flour, and Tobacco. NOW LANDING, A few firkins choice Butter; 100 barrels Richmond Flour, And 9 hogsheads Tobacco. Rowland & Triplett. October 16. tf
Now landing from the schooner Prudence Mary, from New-York, 17 hhd. first quality SUGARS, 54 barrels prime Pork, city inspection, 70 boxes Mould Candles; 5 hhd. double refined Sugar, 5 pipes Brandy; 25 reams Writing Paper, 2 trunks fine and coarse French Lace, which will be sold at a low rate for Cash. Apply at No. 1, Commerce-street to William Hull, Jun. October 16. tf
Wanted to Purchase or Hire, A Negro WOMAN of about 30 years of age, who has been used to taking care of children, and is under a good character. Enquire at the Office of the Publick Ledger. October 14. 6t
MAYO MILL FLOUR, in barrels and half barrels, of new wheat and superior qua- lity for family use—For Sale by Moses Myers. September 16. tf
At Private Sale, By S. MARKS, Jun. Corner of Commerce and Water-street, 10 hhd. Antigua, 12 do. N. E. 50 barrels do RUM, 30 hhd and 20 barrels Sugar; 10 pipes Country Gin, 8 pipes Cogniac Brandy; 150 boxes Mould Candles, 6 boxes Spermaceti Candles; 4 bales striped Blankets, 3 bales Blue Duffs; 1 do. fine Cloths; 2 do. blue Plains, 2 do. Buggs; 1 do. Check Shirts, 54 do. Tickenburgs and Oznaburgs; 2 do. Heffians, 1 trunk Madras Handkerchiefs. October 24. tf
Landing from the brig George, from Honduras, a choice parcel of Logwood and Mahogany, A few Green Hides, and a small quantity of Tortoise Shell. —For Sale by John Cox. Portsmouth, October 14. 7
Landing this day out of the schooner Diana Talbot, Capt. Strong, from Martinique, 113 hogsheads, 3 tierces, and 1 barrel First quality SUGARS, And 25 barrels best Green COFFEE—For sale on liberal terms by Christopher Fry. October 9. tf
For RENT, That commodious Dwelling-House, adjoining the Subscriber's, at present occupied by Mr. James Dykes; also a convenient Dwelling-House near the Bridge, adjoining Mrs. Archer's, at present occupied by Mr. Nichol- son; also that pleasant retired House on Brewer-street, oc- cupied by Stephen Harris; and some Ware-Houses on my wharf, with or without the wharf. For further particulars apply to James Tucker. October 12. tf
Landing from the schooner Catharine Shepherd, Capt. Driver, from Antigua, 96 punch. choice Antigua RUM, sixteen of which are five years old and very fine. In Store, Antigua and Tobago Rum, French Brand, loaf and brown Sugar, barrelled Pork, Havana Se- gars, manufactured Tobacco, and 300 barrels superfine New Flour. Harrison Almand. October 5. tf
For RENT, A commodious small DWELLING, with all suitable out-houses and a good garden, pleasantly si- tuated on Smith's Point. Possession may be had on the first of November. P. Barraud. October 5. tf
Liverpool and Cadiz SALT, loose and in Sacks—Also, 150 crates Queen's Ware, and China of su- perior quality—For Sale by William Pennock. August 26. tf
To RENT, That commodious TAVERN oppo- site the Borough Court-House, at present occupied by Mr. Thomas Holliday, and possession given the 15th of next month. Also for Lease, That vacant LOT on Commerce and Little Water-Streets. For terms apply to James Tucker. July 22. tf
For RENT. The STORE, No. 86, Main-Street, with or without the house. Thomas Blanchard. September 28. tf
For RENT, The Store, Compting-Room & Cellar, at present occupied by Mess. Wood & Hastings, no. 90, Main-street. Apply to Thomas Willock. August 24. tf
REMOVAL. WOOD & HASTINGS, Have removed to No. 76, Main street, opposite Market- square, (lately occupied by CATON & VEAL) They have on hand a general assortment of English, India and French Goods. September 11. tf
For Sale, imported in the Thomas, from London, Double Gloucester, Pine and Berk- ley CHEESE, 10 ton Whiting, 500 dozen best London Stout—Apply to Nathaniel Boush. September 25. tf
For SALE, 2 elegant Bay Horses, a complete match, 2 remarkable fine bay, and one very excellent grey Horse— For which, Notes of the Bank of Newbern and Cape-Fear, or Proc. Money will be taken in payment—Apply at the Of- fice of the Publick Ledger. Sept. 25. tf
FOR SALE, By JOHN GRANBERY, On Commerce-Street, 50 tons Logwood, 20,000 feet good Mahogany, 30,000 feet square Oak Timber, 30,000 do. square Pine do. 100 barrels Pork, 100 tierces Rice, 5 pipes French Brandy, 10 quarter casks Lisbon Wine, 15 hhd. Jamaica Sugars, 5 hhd. Loaf Sugar, 2 puncheons Tabago Rum, Gun Powder, Segars, Clocks, Soap, Red and White Oak Staves He has for Rent a Ware-House on Commerce- Street, and a very comfortable Dwelling-House near Boush- street. Sept. 30. 6w
For Sale by the Subscriber, 70 crates EARTHENWARE, 12 casks Glassware, 30 groce Bottles, 100 boxes 8 by 10, 42 do. 10 by 12 Window Glass, 90 pieces twilled Sacking, 5 boxes Pipes, 6 hogsheads Philadelphia Loaf Sugar, 6 pipes Cogniac Brandy, 1 pipe Madeira Wine, 9 do. Sicily Wine, 12 hogsheads Whiskey, 8000 bushels coarse Liverpool Salt, 5000 do. fine do. 100 sacks fine do. do. 50 hogsheads Richmond, 100 do. Petersburg Tobacco, 15 bales Cotton, 3750 bushels Corn. Alexander Maclure. July 10. tf
Landing from the ship Planter, and for sale at the subscriber's, at a low advance, A parcel of Woollens, Bed Ticks, Hosiery, and other GOODS. Thomas Blanchard. September 28. tf
We want to Purchase, A few Shares of STOCK in the Vir- ginia Bank. Campbell & Wheeler. May 22. tf
Forty Dollars Reward, Will be given to any person who will apprehend and deliver to Warren Ashley, Esq. of Norfolk, or the subseri- ber, two runaway Negro Men, named JEMMY and JEF- FERY, purchased a short time since as part of the Glebe property in Hampton. Jemmy is about 22 years of age, very strong and well built, and about 5 feet 9 inches high— Jeffery is at least 6 feet high, about 21 years of age, very black and likely. These Negroes absconded from the sub- scriber with a wish to be sold in Norfolk or Hampton, where they have been seen frequently since their having quitted my plantation. All captains and masters of vessels are her- by cautioned against receiving them on board, or employing them in any way. Henry Heffernan. Glebe, Middlesex, July 4. tf
For SALE at my Brew-House, Strong, Table, and Ship BEER, by the hogshead, barrel, and half barrel—and a constant supply of bottled PORTER in packages and by the dozen. And in Store, Wines, Liquors, and Groceries, wholesale and retail. Joseph Hayes. Feb. 13. tf
FOR SALE, 50,000 white oak hogshead draw Staves 50,000 red do. 50,000 rough do. 20,000 Cypress Pales 2,000 Cedar and Chinquapin Posts 50,000 building Shingles. Proby, Harmanson & Co. March 2. tf
Cash will be given for a few tons of Old Copper, Brass, and Pewter, for the use of my Foundery. Leven Dorsey. Who offers for Sale, 50 Casks CUT-NAILS, assorted, at his Nail-Factory, on Town Point. July 27. tf
Fifty Dollars Reward. Ran-away from the subscriber living in Granville County, North-Carolina, on the 13th instant, a likely bright Mulatto Slave named BILL, about 30 years of age— This negro is about 6 feet high, flat bodied, his hair light, and some beard on his chin, chews tobacco, his shoulders very much sun burnt, has large ankle and knee bones, small legs, somewhat bowed, and rather of an old appearance— Had on when he went off a light mixed homespun coat, and a pair of black velvet pantaloons; can read print tolerably well, and say the Stag Chase in Harvie's Dialogue, which he is fond of repeating. It is probable he will change his name and endeavour to pass for a white man, which he may do without a minute inspection. All persons, particularly masters of vessels, are forwarded from harbouring, employ- ing, or carrying off said Negro—Fifty Dollars reward will be given if brought home, with all reasonable expenses, and twenty dollars if confined in jail so that I get him again. John Howard. Granville, Sept. 22, 1807. 7c
At the Old CUT-NAIL Manufactory, corner of Main and Church-streets, the subscriber keeps on hand constant supply, and can furnish at short notice, any quantity of Nails, Flooring Brads and Sprigs, At the following reduced prices, by the Keg—for cash only, viz— 8, 10, 12, and 20d Nails and Brads at 7 1/2 1b. 6d. Nails, 9 1-2d. 4d. do. 2s. 9d. m. or 11d. 3d. do. 2s. 3d. or 12d. Sheathing, do. 7 1-2d. 6d. Sprigs, 4s 6d per M. 6d. do. 2s 9d. 2d. and 3d. do. 2s 3d. He offers also for cash only— HOOP IRON ASSORTED. Thos. Seaman. May 25. tf
Leather, Cordage, and Loaf Sugar. The subscriber will hereafter expose for Sale at his Ware-house on Campbell's wharf the above Articles, of the manufacture of Norfolk, at reduced prices for Cash, or on short credits only. Theo. Armistead. He will sell or lease for a term of years, the STORES at the end of Marsden's and Rothery's wharves. Feb. 20. tf
GERMAN LINENS, &c. 16 bales coarse Linen, 450 pieces Paper Hangings, 4 do. Ruffa Sheerings, 80 boxes Window Glass, 3 boxes German Rolls, 100 do. Short Pipes, 2 do. Rouans Sheerings, 120 do. Spanish Segars, 1 do. fine Flanders do. from 8 to 20 dolls. per box, 3 do. Platiillas, 300 doz. empty Bottles, 1 do. fine Dowlas, 200 wt. reeled bottling Wire, 2 do. Table Cloth, 800 do. Glue, 1 do. common Shirt Li- nen, 11,000 best Coffee bags, 1 do. extra fine do. 4,500 cheap Gunny Bags, 1 do. Bed Tick 2 yards 5 boxes Tumblers, Decan- wide, ters, &c. Also, 6 elegant Terrefrial Globes, A large invoice of Lace, 3 pair large Looking Glasses, Jewellery and Dice, in gilt frames, of the first Elegance Chessmen, Elegant marble Statues, Fiascolets and Clarinets, Uris and Vases, Violins, Bows, and Flutes, Liquor Casks, Oil Cloth, Flutes with four and six keys, Wafer and Waffle Irons, do. patent lined, Coffee Mills and Toasters, Ladies' Dressing Boxes, Velvet Ribbons, Toilet Looking Glasses, Fine Thread Stockings, Shaving Cufs, Elegant Cutlery, Elegant Writing Deks, An invoice of Watches, Scarlet Plush for Saddles, Watch Crystals and Beads, Seine and Sewing Twine. For sale by Niemeyer & Von Kopff. September 11. tf
Richard Jeffrey & Co. No. 66, Main-street, corner of Bank-Street, have just re- ceived from London, per the ship Planter, An assortment of MEDICINES, of the first quality Also, a few hundred weight refined Salt Petre, Hardham's Snuff, No 9, and 37, in 1-2 and 1-4 pound canisters, Violet, Benzoin, Windsor and Shaving Soap, Evan's best Crown Lantens, Tooth Brushes of superior kind, Refined Liquorice, &c. They have on hand, and are in daily expectation of receiv- ing from Amsterdam, all kinds of GLASS WARE, suitable to Apothecaries. MEDICINE CHESTS for ships and family use, with printed directions, put up as usual. October 5. tf
Education of Young Ladies, at Williamsburg. MR. ANDERSON'S Institution for Female Improve- ment will be opened this season, under circumstances that cannot fail to interest parents who have daughters to educate. The united cares of Mr. and Mrs. Anderson, and Mrs. Camp, will be directed to the mental and personal ac- complishment of their pupils, whose health, morals, and deportment will meet with that scrupulous delicacy of at- tention, which parental solicitude only can properly appre- ciate. A large and elegant apparatus has been provided for the il- lustration of the studies of Geography and History; and in the cultivation of the English and French Languages, Mr. A. will avail himself of the latest improvements of those cele- brated writers, Lindley Murray, of London, and N. G. Dufief, of Philadelphia, by each of whom he has been re- cently honoured with a copy of the last edition of their works. The course of instruction will commence on the 20th Oc- tober, and be completed about the 1st May following; terms of Boarding and Tuition for the whole period 100 dollars. Children under ten years old, at half price. Williamsburg, October 6. In 1st Nov
For SALE, Situated in an agreeable and hands me situation in Hampton, on the Main-street, the premises owned and lately occupi- ed by the subscriber, consisting of A DWELLING-HOUSE, three stories high, the lower part finished for a store, with out- houses, all in complete order, with a large lot and good gar- den. A liberal credit will be given, and bond and security required. The House is at present well furnished, and will be rented by the month if not sold, with the furniture. For term ap- ply to Mr. William Proby, next door to the premises, or to James Gilbert. Hampton, Sept. 2. tf
SAMUEL COLEMAN, Opposite the Market westward, has a very extensive assortment of ENGLISH KID SHOES, in all the variety of that article, of the latest (legal) impor- tation, with the necessary embellishments. An extensive assortment of Boston SHOES of a great variety of kinds. Also, a good assortment of New-York SHOES, of which kind particularly, he is enabled to sell the best Shoes in town —since no other person here, that he knows of, is largely supplied from that place; the superiority of the workman- ship of New-York is well known to many people, and will be known by all who try it. A considerable assortment of British, New-York, Phila- delphia, and Boston BOOTS—and is in expectation of a large quantity of Shoes and Boots of all descriptions from New-York, which will be sold at the prices of that place, wholesale and retail. He has just received, New-York SHOES and BOOTS, and an assortment of Mr. Vernon's elegant Baltimore Boots at least equal, it is believed, to any made on this continent. Being anxious to sell off his Boston Shoes and Boots, he will take in retail for Men's finest Shoes 10s. 6d. and in the same proportion for others—Squarrow Boots at 6 dollars—He will also reduce the price of English Kid Shoes with heels, to 10s. 6d.; without heels to 9s. He has for Sale, a considerable quantity of India COTTONS, very low for Cash May 27. 2awtf
NOTICE. Those who have claims against the es- tate of CHARLES WILLETT, deceased, are requested to bring their accounts properly authenticated; and those who are indebted are particularly requested to make payment as no indulgence can be given. William Storrs, } Executors. Thomas Davis, } September 30. 1w3m
For SALE, A few hundred pounds of English PRINTING INK, of the first quality—ALSO, A few Reams first quality English Foolscap PAPER. Apply at the Ledger Office Sept. 17.
NOTES OF HAND, according to the new form established by the Directors of the Office of Discount and Deposit of the Bank of the United States, for sale at this office. ALSO, NOTES for the Virginia Bank; Checks; Bills of Lading, and of Exchange, printed on pa- per of superior quality; and Shipping Articles on large pa- per, and approved form. LEDGER OFFICE.
NORFOLK: PUBLISHED THREE TIMES A-WEEK, BY WILLIAM DAVIS, FOR THE PROPRIETOR, OPPOSITE THE EXCHANGE COFFEE HOUSE Price Six Dollars yearly, in advance.