Norfolk gazette and publick ledger (Norfolk [Va.]), 1808-04-29 00:00:00

SPEECH
Of the Hon. Ma. KEY, on the following Resolution offered by Mr. G. W. Campbell.
Resolved , That in the event of such peace or suspension of hostilities, between the belligerent powers of Europe, or of such change in their measures affecting neutral commerce as may render that of the United States sufficiently safe, in the opinion of the President of the United States he ought to be authorized by law to suspend the act laying an embargo on all ships and vessels in the ports and harbours of the United States, and the several acts supplementary thereto, under such regulations & restrictions as the publick interest and circumstances of the case may appear to require; provided such extension shall not extend beyond days after the commencement of the next session of congress.
Mr. Chairman—I rise on this occasion with great embarrassment, because in no instance of my political life, has any measure called on me to act, in which the interests of my country were more deeply involved!—In common with my fellow citizens of Maryland, I feel a total aversion to the continuance of the embargo, and I am confident I speak the almost unanimous sense of my constituents in calling for its repeal. However proper some of them might have considered it in the first instance, as an experiment from which good might result, yet all now are satisfied that nothing short of its immediate repeal will save them from great distress, and that a long continuance of it will induce bankruptcy and ruin.—I am willing, sir, to admit, that those who advocated the embargo were actuated by the purest motives, and had the best interests of their country at heart—that they adopted it as a measure from which great permanent good would result—but time, which tests the correctness of political measures, has sufficiently elapsed to convince them of their error—at least it has impressed on my mind a conviction, that we deeply suffer, while those it was intended to operate on, lightly feel its effects. I was originally opposed to the measure—I still am opposed to it, and although I anxiously wish its immediate repeal, yet I am compelled to vote against the present resolution, because in my heart and judgment I believe it is so worded as to violate (if adopted) the constitution of the United States, and that I am unwilling to let the repeal of this law depend on contingencies not known or designated, and which are to grow out of the acts of foreign governments.
An honourable gentleman from Virginia (Mr. Love) who originally voted for the measure, has this day admitted it to be a curse, I now concur with him, as I hope he will now with me, in a vote and prayer for its speedy removal. I believe the embargo to be partial in its operation, oppressive, and if persisted in ruinous to the country. These are strong terms, but if gentlemen will lend a patient ear, I will endeavour to convince them of their truth, and I will use as much brevity as is consistent with perspicuity. The view I shall take of this subject is extensive, but I hope not diffusive.
The resolution proposes to vest the President with power on the happening of certain European events, to suspend the embargo law. I am against it because I want an immediate repeal, because it is unconstitutional to vest the president with power to suspend a law, and because it is partial in its operation, oppressive and ruinous.
It is partial in its operation in two respects—first, as it regards the persons on whom it operates, and secondly, as it respects the product operated on.
The district I have the honour to represent is not bounded on navigable water. So far then as it respects my constituents (and many other districts of different states are in the same situation) the law executes itself with rigour. From their geographical position, they are precluded the means of selling their surplus produce, while this very law operates as a bounty in effect to the citizens of other parts of the United States. I call the attention of the committee to the northern parts of the state of New-York. That state binds on Lake Erie to Niagara, on the whole extent of Lake Ontario, on a great part of the river St. Lawrence, and the lakes Champlain and George, and has an immediate, direct, easy communication with the British, in upper and lower Canada. The whole Genesee country, and the counties, lower down, have a speedy, constant market, the prices tempting, the access easy, and few or no officers to interrupt the daily supplies given to their British neighbours.—We cannot shut our eyes to the fact of this commerce being steadily carried on.
The embargo so far as its restraints places from exporting their surplus produce, goes to enhance the price of such produce in foreign markets—the enhanced price affords the temptation, and the easy access, gives the means to that country to export it and in fact by excluding others, gives to them a monopoly of supply—Near 400 miles of northern coast, in proximity to the British settlements, gives to New York upon the lakes a steady market. Vermont binds on lakes which communicate with Canada—Passamaquoddy openly and publickly furnishes supplies to New Brunswick—In this state of things, and in the mode the law is executed, it is partial and oppressive, and my constituents and others in similar locations so feel and experience it.
But, sir, there is another portion of our fellow citizens, on whom this law executes itself with peculiar severity, I mean the frugal, hardy, laborious and valuable fishermen of the eastern states. I see gentlemen smile at a member of the middle states supporting the interests of the fishermen; but, sir, I should think myself illly entitled to a seat in this
house, if I did not know the value of that class of men to society and the union. I wish sir their numbers, character and usefulness were better known and understood, than I fear they are—And as on this subject my opinions may not be orthodox, I will refer to the head of the church.
Mr. Chairman, in the year 1791, the now President of the United States, then secretary of state, made an able and luminous report on our fisheries—These are his words, 1st as to the annual value of a fisherman's labour—2dly, as to the situation, and value of the Whale fishery as carried on from a sand bar.
Extract 1st.
“About 100 natives on board 17 ships (for there were 150 Americans engaged by the voyage) came to 2255 livres, or about $ 416 18 3/4 a man.
Extract 2d.
“The American whale fishery is principally followed by the inhabitants of the island of Nantucket, a sand-bar of about 15 miles long and 3 broad, capable of maintaining by its agriculture about 20 families; but it employed on the fisheries, before the war, between 5 and 6000 men and boys—and in the only harbour it possesses, it had 140 vessels, 132 of which were of the larger kind, as being employed in the southern fishery—In agriculture then, they have no resources, and it that of their fishery cannot be pursued from their own habitations, it is natural they should seek others, from which it can be followed, and prefer those, where they will find a sameness of language, religion, laws, habits and kindred. A foreign emissary has lately been among them for the purpose of renewing the invitations to a change of situation; but attached to their native country, they prefer continuing in it, if their continuance there can be made supportable.”
Mr. Jefferson's Report 10th Jan. 1791 on the subject of the Fisheries.
I call the attention of the committee to every letter of this report, and then let each member ask himself the situation of the Fishermen under the embargo law?
Sir, by the Treasury Report laid on our desks it appears that the exportation of dried
Fish alone in the last year, amounted to 473,924
and the whole product of the Fisheries amounted to $2,800,000
a sum equal to the 1/8th part of the whole agricultural produce of the United States—thus in effect in point of product, adding another state to the Union.—Is this class of men whose farm is on the ocean, and whose crop is its fish, to have their whole or nearly their whole interests sacrificed by the unequal operation of the embargo?—I hope not Sir, I trust gentlemen will see the oppression of the law and its partial operation, and remove it.
Again, Sir, as to the product, how does this law operate?—The cotton planter, and the tobacco planter, have their articles little deteriorated by time. The embargo to them, suspends the use of their capital only; but to those who have flour or fish, the embargo if continued for a few months destroys their capital—the thing itself. In this respect, the embargo works partially, and in reference to its operation on particular portions of our country, on particular classes of people, or on the product—it ought to be repealed at once, and without delay—Sir, it is a very remarkable fact, and not more remarkable than true, that if you compare the number of fishermen with the product of their labour; and the number employed in agriculture, with the product of agriculture; that the value of the former to the latter is 10 to 1—a people whose habits and manners are in consonance with republican institutions, and who are as valuable as the agriculturists—God has given them a noble estate in the ocean, most bountifully stocked, and diligently do they work it, with profit to themselves and advantage to their country.
Mr. Chairman, I have said the embargo is oppressive, and if long continued will ruin us.—I will not use declamation as to its oppressiveness, I will endeavour to prove it by documents.
Let us take the article of dried fish alone.
In last year the exports of this article amounted to 473,924
Of this was exported to French Quintals
European ports on the Atlantic, 65,697
Ditto on the Mediterranean, 22,557
Spanish ports (European) on the Atlantic, 43,649
Ditto on the Mediterranean, 35,460
Italy, 13,660
These ports by the British orders in council, cannot now be exported to
185,363
288,567
But there remains the quantity of 288,567 quintals of the value of $1,264,000 free to be exported to other places, not interdicted by the British orders of council, nor within the physical power of the French to affect, and only operated on by the embargo. Such is the fact as it respects that one article; but I will now proceed to a general statement, to which I call the attention of the committee, and invite investigation.
By the Treasurer's statements laid on our desks, it appears that the aggregate of domestic produce exported the last year, was $48,699,592
By Domestic Produce is meant, the produce of the Sea and our own Soil from our own Labour, except about 2,000,000 of our manufactures. I will not interfere with foreign articles exported by us—I mean exclusively, our own inherent, indigenous, absolute produce, growing out of our own labour.
Of that amount, to wit, the sum of £48,699,592 there was exported in the last year
to the continent of Europe, &c. and now interdicted by the British decrees of council as follows:
Amount of Exports in 1807. Of Domestic Produce—$48,699,592
To Russia, 378,850
To Sweden, 56,157
To Norway and Denmark, 572,150
To Holland, 3,093,234
To Hamburgh, Bremen, and the Hanse Towns, 912,225
To French European ports on the Atlantic, 2,507,707
To ditto on the Mediterranean, 208,434
To Spanish European ports on the Atlantic, 797,017
To ditto on the Mediterranean, 384,214
To Portugal, 829,313
To Italy, 250,957
To Trieste and Adriatic ports, 23,253
To Turkey, Levant & Egypt, 4,520
To Morocco and the Barbary States, 8,358
To Europe generally—no designation, 31,505
deduct this amount, 9,762,204
Amount of Domestic Produce free to be exported. $38,937,388
This surplus of $38,937,388 of our own produce, is not interdicted by the British orders of council, nor within the physical power of France to obstruct, and is only prohibited from exportation by the operation of the embargo—for I shall not notice the French decree, it is Brutum fulmen .—The excessive folly of the emperor's decree, can only be equalled by his weakness and incapacity to execute it.
If I am incorrect in my statement, and I again solicit investigation and detection of error, ought not the benefit of an embargo to be clear—certain—irresistible—all powerful, before it should lock up such a mass of product from exportation and sale? Can uncertain, contingent, probable advantages justify an experiment, which hazards so many millions of Dollars?—Will not the nation demand at our hands, that as good and faithful stewards, we shall account for the property placed under our control? And how have we done it!—I fear to ask—BY AN EMBARGO.
Sir, it has been said and repeated, that the embargo does very little harm—that we have no places to export our produce to—It such be the fact, Mr. Chairman, then the law ought to be repealed as useless and idle—but Sir, it is very well known, that we have abundance of ports and countries to export to, and that is the reason why there is an embargo by law.—Sir, that honourable, useful and well informed body of men, the merchants of this continent, so much superior to us in their knowledge of foreign trade and risques, will put a voluntary embargo on, if trade can not be carried on to advantage—Men of their understanding, with their extensive foreign correspondence, backed too by the principle of self interest, may be safely trusted on this subject; they well know to which ports produce may safely go, without the intervention of this honourable body; and if Sir, the merchants should not be sufficiently on their guard, the Pulse of Sea Risque, of Destination, and of Capture, will be safely felt—through the medium of our Insurance Companies—they will regulate the risque with judgment and precision—I would therefore confide to them the commerce of our country in the exportation of our produce, unshackled by an embargo law.
But Mr. Chairman let us review this law and its effects.
In a commercial point of view—It has annihilated our trade.
In an agricultural point of view.
It has paralysed industry—I have heard that the touch of Midas converted every thing into gold; but the embargo law, like the head of Medusa , turns every thing to stone—Our most fertile lands are reduced to sterility, so far as it respects our surplus product.
A measure of political economics, It will drive (if continued) our seamen into foreign employ—and our fishermen to foreign Sand Banks.
In a financial point of view—It has dried up our revenue, and if continued will close the sales of Western Lands, and the payments of instalments of past sales—for unless produce can be sold, payments cannot be made.
As a war measure, the embargo has not been advocated. It remains then to consider its effects as a peace measure.
A measure inducing peace.
I grant Sir, that if the friends of the embargo, had rightly calculated its effects—if it had brought the belligerents of Europe to a sense of justice and respect for our rights, through the weakness and dependence of their West India possessions, it would have been infinitely wise and desirable, and that they voted for it with such noble view I have no doubt. But sir the experience of near four months has not produced that effect; and I have endeavoured to show that from the situation of our country, the manner in which the law is executed, the demand for subsistence, the consequent rise in price and the facility of supply, that the West Indies (British) will be supplied.
If that be the case; if such should be the result; then will the embargo of all measures be the most acceptable to Britain—by occluding our ports, you give to her ships the exclusive use of the ocean—And you give to her despairing West India planter the monopoly of Sugar and Rum and Coffee to the
European world. It is in vain to say sir, that the produce will not find its way into Europe—Sugar and Coffee, become necessities from habit, will find their way to every portion of the continent, in spite of human regulations—Nay some neutral point will be contrived to obtain them. But Sir, who are we?—What are we?—a peaceable agricultural people, of simple and trust virtuous habits, of stout hearts and willing minds, and a brave powerful, but badly disciplined militia—unarmed, and without troops; and whom are we to come in conflict with? The master of continental Europe in the full career of universal domination, and the mistress of the ocean contending for self preservation—nations who feel power and forget right.—What man can be weak enough to suppose that a sense of justice can repress or regulate the conduct of Buonaparte. We need not resort to other nations for examples. Has he not in a manner as flagrant as flagitious, directly, openly, publickly violated and broken a solemn treaty entered into with us —did he not stipulate that our property should pass free even to enemy ports, and has he not burnt our ships at sea under the most causeless pretexts. Look to England; see her conduct towards us—do we want any further evidence of what she will do in this hour of impending peril, than the attack on Copenhagen—that she prostrates all rights that come in collision with her self preservation—Strangely infatuated we should be, to make our repealing the embargo, to depend on the acts of governments, which will be annulled whenever their interest or their danger prompt them—No Sir—Let us pursue the steady line of rigid impartiality—Let us hold the scales of impartial neutrality with a high and steady hand, and export our products and bring back supplies to, and who from all will trade with us. Much of the world is yet open to us, and let us profit of the occasion.
At present we exercise no neutral rights—We have quit the ocean—We have abandoned our rights—We have retired to our shell—Sooner than thus continue, our merchantmen should arm to protect legitimate trade—Sir, I believe war itself, as we could carry it on, would produce more benefit and less cost than the millions lost by the embargo—such are my impressions. I differ with gentlemen who have their country's good equally at heart, but it is from a collision of opinions that a correct view of our situation will be elicited—I have taken up the subject with a view to convince others: I sincerely declare I am open to conviction myself, and I will hear with pleasure any satisfactory answer that can be given to my statements and my reasoning.
But supposing I am mistaken—suppose a suspension of the embargo wise and proper, even if it depends on European contingencies, can it be constitutionally suspended in the mode contemplated by this resolution?
I am sorry to fatigue the committee, but I beg their indulgence, while I examine if it is constitutional to grant to the President the power of suspending a law.
A law of the United States to have effect must have the assent of the three branches of government, the president, the senate, and house of representatives. These three bodies, emanate from different sources, represent distinct and different interests, and must all concur.
1. The people of each state give their assent by their representatives.
2. The several states in their sovereign political capacities, assent by the senators who represent those sovereignties; and
Lastly the people of the U. States by the President their representative.
Each of these distinct interests before a bill can legitimately pass into a law, must express their assent—this once done, it becomes a law, and it is a conceded position that the power to repeal a law, must be the same or co-extensive with the power to make it. It is said that this resolution only grants the power on certain specified contingencies—But it is so, Mr. Chairman? Can we misunderstand the language of the resolution? On the happening of certain events the President is solely to judge if it is safe and proper to suspend the law—Now it is this power proposed to be given him of solely judging of the propriety of suspending a law, that I condemn—because we transfer to him the right of judging whether a law shall remain in force or not, when it is our duty to judge if the same ought to be repealed or suspended. How can we judge of events yet to happen, the terms of which are unknown to us, whether they will afford proper grounds for suspending a law—it is impossible—if we are to act in this way, let us say that when such events (designating them) happen, the law shall be suspended, and let the president give them publicity by proclamation. In this mode the suspension takes place through the constitutional legislative organ.
I cannot believe that the president in this pressing and eventful crisis wishes such an increased responsibility thrown on him. I think we ought not to shrink from it; but if we do, I strenuously contend that we cannot give him the power; that to suspend a law is obviously to repeal it, pro tempore, at least. If we possess, under the constitution, the power of enabling the President to suspend one law, we have equal power to enable him to suspend all laws. It is only a matter of discretion whether we will give it to him or not—Now I ask gentlemen, in what part of the constitution is the power granted, by which we can enable the President to suspend all laws—for if we have not that power granted, we cannot enable him to suspend one. Again, if we have power to enable him to suspend a law for a time, for one month; we have equal power to enable him to suspend it for twelve months, forever; it is a matter of discretion, and where has that dis-

creation been confined to us—It is the most anti-republican doctrine ever advocated on the floor of this house.
Yet further, to suspend or repeal a law is a legislative act, and we cannot transfer the power of legislating from ourselves to the president—it is not a transferable power. Such an act is a flagrant violation of the constitution in its letter, object and spirit—it is tearing up the limits of the constitution and converting its prescribed bounds into legislative discretion. If to suspend or repeal a law, be a legislative act, as it manifestly is; then, if we are competent to transfer one act of legislation, we are equally so to transfer all, and it undeniably follows, that we have as much right to grant the president a power to make laws, as to repeal laws—Let it not be said, it is too great an absurdity to suppose such a case—I resist the doctrine in limine . I say the constitution never left such a discretion to be used by us—If it has, no distant day determines our liberties, and legislatures will be found hereafter courts and servile enough to devolve the power on the president, and ease themselves of the burthen of legislation.
Every school-boy knows that Rome, on extraordinary occasions, when assailed from without or within, took refuge in the arbitrary, tho' temporary power of a Dictator. Habituating themselves to the government of one man, and no longer confiding in themselves, the transition was easy to a dictatorship for life. The result need not be pointed out, nor how dearly they paid for their first folly in the reigns of Nero and Domitian. I lay this down as a political truism, that whenever a republic loses its reverence for self-government, and trusts the power of legislation to an individual, even for one act, it is undone—the example once set leads to certain and rapid destruction. I cannot therefore consent that the destinies of my country, that its laws shall be suspended on the will of any individual, however pre-eminent in virtue, dignified in station, or covered with the mantle of publick opinion. The more his merit, the greater the danger—I must therefore Mr. Chairman, give my decided negative to the present resolution.
Late Foreign Intelligence,
Received at New-York, from Papers received by Captain Walker's Packet, in 29 hours from Baltimore.
LONDON, March 3.
AMERICAN TRADE.
A numerous meeting of the merchants and other inhabitants of Liverpool, interested in the trade to America, was held on Friday last in the town, in pursuance of a requisition for that purpose, when the late orders in council were taken into consideration. Mr. Rathbone detailed the various advantages this country derived from the American trade, stating that nearly 500 voyages were made from America to Liverpool alone, in the course of a year, in ships the burden amounted to more than 123,000 tons; that the amount of British manufactures annually exported to America was more than £10,000,000; that government derived from the Liverpool portion of the trade alone, not less than £1,000,000 a year, and that the average due from America to this country, is not less than £12,000,000, the payment of which is now interrupted by the embargo in the ports of the United States.—Mr. Rathbone next took a view of the American trade to the West-Indies, and stated the dependance of those islands on America for provisions. He then adverted to the trade of America to the East-Indies and China, the exports to each of £500,000 in silver only, and the facility with which this was admitted to give to the trade of our East-India company. Mr. R. concluded with lamenting the interruption of all these sources of revenue, and with exposing the mischievous effects of the late orders in council. He was followed by Mr. Richardson, Mr. Martin, and the chairman, Mr. J. Cropper; the last of whom added, that the supply of flax sent to Ireland this year, was only 10,000 casks, whereas the usual annual supply was 60,000. Two petitions against those orders, the one to the lords and the other to the commons, were then agreed to.
March 5.
We learn by a letter from Vienna, that the Russian troops in Italy, who were under marching orders for Russia, have received counter orders in consequence of the emperor Napoleon finding it necessary that they should, for the present, remain in Italy.
According to accounts from Vienna and Holland, the British have taken possession of the several islands in the Archipelago.
The members of the confederation of the Rhine have received orders to hold their contingents in readiness. It is conjectured they are to replace the French in Dalmatia, should they be obliged to march to India.
Ministers have refused to place the British squadron intended to act in the Baltic under the command of the king of Sweden. The army which is going to his assistance will be upon the footing of auxiliaries. This army which is preparing with incredible promptitude, will comprise 20,000 men, and is to be followed by a considerable reserve.—The king of Sweden has stipulated to co-operate with an active army of equal force in the field.
The ships destined for the Baltic are to sail immediately, under the command of Sir James Saumarez.
Tranquebar, it is thought is at present occupied by a British garrison. The government of Goa is to be assumed by the president of Bombay, under the same conditions that Madeira has been occupied by our troops.
Talleyrand has undertaken another journey into Germany, the object of which remains secret.
A requisition has been sent to the committee presiding over the American trade, requesting a meeting to be called of all persons interested in American traffic, to take into consideration the present situation of that branch of commerce.
March 7.
We have just received Dutch papers and letters to the 24th ult. An article dated Rotterdam, the 23d, states, that the cargoes of the detained vessels had been sold at an enormous price. Three American vessels, that had been originally refused permission to come into harbour, have at length obtained it, and were selling their cargoes to great advantage.
The Dutch accounts bring nothing else that is new, of any moment. Every kind of trade was at
a stand, and there was a great scarcity of colonial produce.
Lord Gambier is, it is said, to have the command of the channel fleet, in which admiral Harvey is to hoist his flag. The French too, are reported to have made some demonstrations of moving in Brest harbour. This may probably be with a view to mask their other naval operations.
We understand that it is in the contemplation of government, with a view to render the volunteer force of the empire as efficient as possible, to call out the entire of it in four divisions during four months of the ensuing summer, each division or corps to be encamped in their respective counties for a month.
HOUSE OF COMMONS, March 7.
ORDERS IN COUNCIL.
The order of the day having been read for taking into further consideration the report of the committee on this bill, the question was put "that the bill be engrossed."
Sir J. Newport thought that these orders might produce an effect in America, which would be very injurious to this country. Ireland at present imported four-fifths of its flaxseed from America, and the greatest part of its pot-ash. These were articles of the first importance to the linen manufacture of Ireland, which was the staple of that country. It should always be recollected by parliament, that the staple of Ireland was originally the woolen manufacture, for which she possessed the raw materials; but she was forced to give up that manufacture for the benefit of England. It was therefore incumbent upon parliament to take care that she should not be deprived of the linen manufacture by want of the raw materials. It would be dangerous if to the just discontents of the South of Ireland, were added the discontents of all the manufacturers of the North driven out of employment. He was also informed that our silk manufacturers would suffer materially; that there was not at present not silk enough in the country to employ them for six weeks; and that probably 60,000 manufacturers would be turned out of employ in a short time.
The chancellor of the exchequer said, there was no reason to suppose that his majesty's ministers were inattentive to the state of the manufactures in Ireland, but it would be recollected, that if Ireland could import no more flaxseed from America, the cause was not from those orders of council, but from an embargo laid on exportation in America, unconnected with those orders of council, and antecedent to them. As to silk, we imported it both from India and the Mediterranean; but as to the supply from Italy, to which he supposed the hon. baronet alluded, it was not those orders of council which cut off the supply, for the supply had been before cut off by the means taken by the enemy to prevent the exportation of what they conceived would be useful to us. He deprecated any arguments being used in that house which could have no other tendency but to make the enemy and the world believe we were distressed, to mislead our manufacturers in persuading them that it was the measures of government which deprived them of the raw material, which was only kept from them by the measures adopted by the enemy.—The object of these orders of council were to oblige the enemy to relax from a system which they had adopted for the purpose of distressing our manufactures.
Mr. Ponsonby thought, that the right hon. gentleman had unfairly imputed motives to his hon. friend, which never could actuate his conduct.—Could it be supposed that America was ignorant that Ireland imported flaxseed from that country to the amount of 40 or 50,000 hogsheads annually? We must, therefore, well know that Ireland would feel the loss of such a supply being cut off.
The bill was ordered to be read a third time on Thursday.
March 8.
Private letters represent that France entertains some dissatisfaction at the conduct of Austria and Russia; and they even suggest the possibility of a renewal of hostilities. With the experience of so many confederacies, this expectation would not cheer much. Buonaparte, it is said, is gone to Bordeaux, from whence, it is conjectured, he will proceed to Spain.
The Toulon squadron is said to have quitted that port on the 18th of January, the day after the Rochefort squadron escaped from its harbour.—Admiral Thornborough is stated to have immediately sailed in pursuit of the former, which had been sent off Malta on the 24th ult. The Archipelago was believed to be its place of destination; and with a view to obstruct its course, lord Collingwood was himself said to be going, with the rest of the fleet under his command, to take his station off Zante. Others however think, and with some probability, that it may be bound for Alexandria. A formidable army has already assembled in Spain, which is to be increased to 150,000 troops. The Russians are said to be advancing in great force on Sweden, and various military operations are spoken of, indicating the restless spirit of the continental ruler, and the unhappy situation of the nations subjected to his controul.
To add to the distresses already experienced at Dantzic, a great part of that city was destroyed by fire on the first and second ult.
The embargo is taken off at Antwerp and Flushing. A vessel arrived at Dover yesterday morning from the latter port, which she left on the preceding morning, having been detained there 14 days by strong northerly winds, which prevented her from putting to sea. She left the former port as soon as the embargo was taken off, which was three weeks since. She brings intelligence that eight ships of war are now fitting out at Flushing with great expedition, and are expected to be ready for sea by the beginning of next month; but states, that at present there are no seamen to man them. These are the ships which were built at Antwerp, where others are now building.
March 10.
By letters from Lisbon, we learn, that on the 23d of December, Buonaparte signed a decree, finally determining the fate of Portugal. It declares the throne of that kingdom abdicated by the family of Braganza, which is never more to reign; and that the kingdom of Portugal is henceforth to be considered as a part of the dominion of France.
Some intelligence from Naples mentions the renewal of hostilities in Calabria. An engagement is said to have taken place between some of our troops and the French, in which the latter claim the victory.
Letters from Gibraltar mention, that the siege will soon be commenced against that garrison.—Buonaparte was expected at Madrid to make arrangements; for which service, the United Forces of French and Spaniards to be employed, will amount to 150,000 men.
March 14.
It is said, the first lord of the admiralty is about to retire from his situation, and is to be appointed governor general of India in the room of lord Minto. It is not yet known who will be his successor at the admiralty board; but the name of lord Melville has been mentioned among others.
The appraised value of the ships and stores bro't from Copenhagen, amounts to £4,800,000. Of this £1,200,000 are to be divided among the captors; the residue, we hope, will be applied in aid of the publick service. Lord Cathcart and Gambier will share about £40,000 a piece.
Government, it is said, is in possession of information, which leaves no doubt, that the project of a march by land to India, is contemplated by the government of France. During November, more than two hundred French officers passed Bossorah, on their route to the Persian court. A French officer, distinguished as a Persian merchant, was lately apprehended at Lahore, and amongst other papers found in his possession, was a minute survey of the country from Herat to Candabar and Cabul.
Persia appears at this moment to be torn by civil commotions. The Subador of Sind and the Uto-beas, have both been renewing their attacks on Persia; and in December there were commotions in Herat and Karang.
Letters from Barcelona confirm the news of the arrival of 10,000 French troops. The French are every where occupying the strong garrisons and places in Spain, under one pretence or another, and are diffusing themselves all over the kingdom; and it is said, they are to occupy all the sea ports in Spain.
The French troops at Lisbon, on the 9th ult. amounted to 34,000 men; the weekly mortality was estimated at 300 men.
THE POPE'S PROTEST AGAINST BUONAPARTE.
Notice of the Secretary of State, Cardinal Caffoni. "His holiness Pius VII. being unable to conform to all the demands made on him by the French government, and to the extent required of him, as it is contrary to his sacred duties, and the dictates of his conscience; and being thus compelled to submit to the disastrous consequences which have been threatened, and to the military occupation of this capital, in case he should not submit to such demands:—Yielding, therefore, with all humility of heart, to the inscrutable determinations of the most high, he places his cause in the hands of the Almighty; and being unwilling to fail in the essential obligation of guaranteeing the rights of his sovereignty, he has commanded us to protest, and formally protests in his own name, as in that of his successors, against any occupation whatever of his dominions, being desirous that the rights of the holy chair should remain, now and henceforward, uninjured and untouched. As the vicar on earth of that God of peace who taught by his divine example humility and patience, he has no doubt but his most beloved subjects who have given him so many proofs of obedience and attachment, will make it their peculiar duty to preserve peace and tranquility, private as well as publick, which his holiness exhorts, and expressly commands: and that, far from committing any excesses, they will rather respect the individuals of a nation, from whom, during his journey and stay in Paris, he received so many flattering testimonies of devotion and regard."
Rome, February 2.
March 14.
The old report of the restoration of Viscount Melville to the admiralty, and a seat in the cabinet, is revived, Lord Melgrave, thus ousted, is to be appointed governor general of Bengal.
March 15.
Last night four Gotterburgh mails arrived, and this morning one arrived from Heligoland, the contents of which are very important. The fact of the emperor of Russia having declared war against Sweden is now ascertained beyond a doubt. Letters from Stockholm, dated the 3d inst. state, that intelligence had been received that the Russians had entered Sweden, and had advanced as far as Louisa, which is on the frontiers of Finland. It is said the Russian army amounts to 40,000 men; we have very little doubt but that the force is very much exaggerated, and it is quite obvious that they cannot for some time undertake any operations of importance. In the mean time, the French are advancing with great rapidity into Denmark, and a very considerable body of them have actually entered the island of Funen, to co-operate with the Danes in the invasion of Sweden, and every effort is making to procure vessels to carry them across the Sound. The British squadron in the Sound was frozen up for a short time, but the ice has now broken up. Every exertion is making by the government of this country to send a formidable force to the assistance of our gallant ally—a force which we have no doubt will be amply sufficient to frustrate the attempts of the French and Danes in that quarter. The Russian minister and council at Stockholm have been put under arrest.
The French government have at length thought proper to give an account of the proceedings of the Rochefort squadron, which as we have constantly stated, did enter the Mediterranean, and arrived at Toulon. This account is given in a letter from Paris, dated the 21st ult. which states, that the Carthagena squadron is also at sea. The Toulon and Rochefort squadrons sailed from Toulon on the 7th and 8th ult. for the purpose, as it is stated, of proceeding, in the first instance, to Sicily, and then attacking lord Collingwood's fleet, before he can receive reinforcements from England. The appearance of sir R. Strahan's squadron in the Mediterranean will, however, defeat this scheme, as our naval force in that quarter is quite sufficient to give a very satisfactory account of the united Rochefort, Toulon, and Carthagena squadrons, if we should have the good fortune to meet them.
A new arrangement has been made in respect to the future communications between this country and Sweden. The post office packets are hereafter to proceed directly to Marstrand, and not, as before to Gotterburgh.
General Whitelocke.—Yesterday being the day on which the general was to enter into his defence, a great crowd collected before the court was opened.—The spectators were admitted at ten o'clock, and a
considerable struggle took place. It was some time before the military, assisted by the Bow-street officers, could effect a passage for the members of the court and the distinguished persons who accompanied them. The dukes of Kent and Cumberland were among the number. The effect of the struggle and the consequent heat was so forcible upon several ladies, that some fainted, and others uttered loud outcries, resulting from pain and apprehension. When the disturbance had wholly subsided, the general was called on for his defence. He began with firmness to read from a paper in his hand:—the purport of the introductory was to express his regret and resentment at the various calumnies which had been actively published against him, with the obvious design to raise a prejudice in the minds of his countrymen. He particularly adverted to a publication, written by a subaltern officer, which attacked him in the most tender point, his character, which he held dearer to him than life itself.—At length he became so affected, that he was obliged to pause; and it was proposed his council should proceed with the remaining part; but this was objected to. The court, however, perceiving the strong agitation the general suffered, permitted his defence to be occasionally read by himself, by his brother-in-law, and by general Mead. The General at length resumed his arduous task, and strongly commented on the manner in which the charges had been supported, not by direct and circumstantial evidence only; but by the opinions of individuals and narratives of conversations. He then entered into an account of the whole transactions of Monte Video, in which he had been concerned—the circumstances of which have been before the publick.
After having detailed those matters, he observed that he had the satisfaction of knowing that he acted from the best of his judgment, and that his cause was in the hands of a competent and honourable tribunal, who would disregard prejudice, and decide with truth and justice. Some written documents were then read respecting the correspondence between general Whitelocke and other commanders employed in the expedition, and the court adjourned till ten o'clock this day.
March 15.—The court proceeded this day, and was as much crowded as yesterday. An examination of colonel Bourke took place, which seemed likely to last for a considerable time, and there is no reason to believe that the trial will conclude this day.
New-York, April 23.
Late and Important.
Late last night our boat reached town from the very fast ship Ocean, capt. Bunker, in 24 days from Plymouth, England.—
By this arrival the editors of The Gazette have received LONDON papers to the 20th of last month, and now give a hasty sketch of their important contents.
The Orders in Council were still under very animated discussion in parliament—it was contended by the minority that they were the cause of the American embargo, and by the ministry, that those orders were not known here when the embargo was laid. News from America was most anxiously looked for—and we are glad to find by our latest paper, that the Norton Packet from New-York, with dispatches had arrived at Falmouth on the 21st of March in 23 days passage.
The trial of gen. Whitelocke had been concluded, but the sentence was not made publick. It was understood to be against the General upon all the charges but that which might affect his life, and that he is to be severely censured and cashiered.
Lord Collingwood was at Syracuse on the 9th of February. The Rochefort and Carthagena squadrons have not joined. The latter put into Palma Bay, Majorca, in a gale of wind.
On the 17th Feb. (the British cruizers having been blown off the coast of Sicily), the French got down some heavy cannon, and took possession of Fort Scylla, and made 1000 prisoners.
Russia has declared war against Sweden. The declaration begins with stating, that the emperor of Russia could not remain insensible to Great Britain's aggression against Denmark. Denmark and Prussia have also declared war against Sweden.
Hostilities have commenced between the Swedes and the Russians—but they have as yet been confined to mere partial affairs.
The Russians in breaking up from their cantonments endeavoured to penetrate into Finland between the Gulph of Finland and the Trajana lake. The Swedish frontiers on that side are not very strong, and the advanced posts fell back on the approach of the Russians. The Swedish main army occupied a position at Tafwasthus. The Russian head quarters on the 4th of March were at Louiso. Whilst the Russians are occupying the Swedish arms on the side of Finland, the French and Danes meditate an attack upon Sweden on the side of Scania—but they must cross from Copenhagen or Elsinor. The French have not yet entered Zealand, and the preparations at Copenhagen were not complete.
Buonaparte has created several princes, dukes, barons and knights—all the dignitaries of the French empire, have been raised to the rank of princes, and their eldest sons are to be dukes.
Baron Jacobi the Prussian minister, sailed on the 18th March from Dover, in a flag of truce for Calais, but on his arrival off Calais pier, the commandant of Calais would not suffer him to land, or even to send on shore a letter for Paris, saying that his orders were peremptory, not to receive any cartel or dispatches from England, and that if the cartel came a second time, she would be fired into without further notice. Baron Jacobi then returned to England.
Letters from Holland of the 15th and Paris of the 9th ult. state that Buonaparte had left Paris for Spain; and it was supposed would fix his residence at Valladolid. A fresh contribution of a million of francs was to be levied on the people of Holland. Great dissatisfaction was said to prevail in the manufacturing towns of France, particularly in those where cotton manufactures were established.
The expedition to the Baltic had been given up. The bill on the subject of the orders in council had not yet passed both houses of parliament. It had, it seems met with great opposition. The papers are filled with debates on this important affair. The following is from the COURIER of the 24th March, ministerial paper:
"Upon the subject of the embargo, the opposition, contradicting the assertion that it had been laid on before notice of the orders in council had reached the U. States affirm, "that the truth turns out to

be, that a commercial house in London had sent intelligence to America of the intention to issue such orders giving at the same time an accurate description of their general provisions. This intelligence reached America six days before the laying on of the embargo, and in all probability was the principal cause of it. Lord Grenville stated this in the house of Lords as a thing generally known, and he challenged ministers if they doubted the fact, to call the merchant to the bar, who would confirm it on oath."
Mr. Shuter, who arrived here last night in the Ocean, sailed from Lisbon on the 7th ult. in the brig Hetty, from New-York, but was sent into England by Sir C. Cotton's squadron, and arrived at Plymouth on the 20th. He informs, that 80,000 French troops had arrived in Spain—30,000 in Lisbon—It was generally supposed they were destined against Gibraltar. Portugal was completely subdued—20 millions of dollars was to be raised by the 10th of April for the use of France. All British manufactures to pay one third of their value, and every species of defalcation to be punished with death. A great revolution was on the eve of taking place in Spain. Flour at Lisbon was 18 dollars. There was not an American vessel at that place.
Something new in the annals of French piracy! We have seen a letter from James Newman, master of the brig Charleston, of this port, wherein he states that after arriving in Bordeaux, and waiting sometime for a freight, the custom-house boat boarded and seized his vessel—giving no other reason for the outrageous measure than that his vessel was boarded by a vessel under French colours [ The French government suspecting her to be English ] on her passage to St. Sebastians. Capt. N. entered his protest but could get no answer.
LONDON, March 19. Hamburg papers, to the 11th inst. inclusive, have been received, the contents of which have occasioned very serious apprehensions for the fate of our good and gallant ally, the king of Sweden. From these it would appear, that the French and Spanish troops have entered Holstein in every direction, not only with the permission, but at the instigation of the Danish government. When the latest accounts left Holstein, they were in possession of all the principal towns, without the exception even of Rendsberg, the residence of the king of Denmark.
The aggregate of the army destined for the invasion of Sweden, according to these accounts, is estimated at 70,000 men. Bernadotte is appointed to the command; he set off on the 8th inst. to Rendsberg, whence he is to proceed directly to Copenhagen. It is said that the French, Spanish, and Danish troops were to make a descent in several places on the Swedish coast and possessions at the same time. Wismer, Rostock, Stralsund, and the island of Rugen, are the rumoured points of attack.
It is reported, on the authority of a fishing smack, that several Dutch ships of war are at sea.
Nine sail of the line and four frigates are stated to be fitting out at Flushing with all possible dispatch.
The guards who were ordered to hold themselves in readiness for service in the Baltic, have been countermanded; and it is generally understood that the project of sending an army to Sweden has been relinquished. Several ships will proceed as soon as the wind permits.
Sir James Cockburne will proceed, early in the ensuing month, to take on himself the government of Curacao.
A Spanish squadron of six sail of the line escaped from Cartagena on the 11th ult. and on the 25th were seen snug in Palma bay, Majorca.
This interesting intelligence, on which the public may rely, together with the undiscovered position of the Rochefort squadron, and the reports concerning the Toulon fleet, induce us to apprehend that a grand naval junction of the enemy in the Mediterranean has been for some time meditated.
March 24. Dispatches were received this morning from Mr. Rose, our minister extraordinary to the United States of America. The contents are not transpired; but letters from Washington of the 19th ult. mention that Mr. Rose had been extremely well received and proceeding in his negotiation.
The Gottenburg mail which arrived yesterday afternoon, has not brought accounts of any later operations in Finland than the advance of the Russians to Louisa. Denmark and Prussia have declared war against Sweden. Prussia of course has declared war with reluctance; but she dares not disobey the commands of her relentless task-master.
We have seen a letter from a very respectable commercial house in Nantz dated the 22d of February, which gives strong hopes that the American vessels detained in France under the Milan decree would be released. This hope was founded upon favourable intelligence received at Nantz from Paris.
Jerome Buonaparte, the new king of Westphalia, has issued a decree, declaring, that English commodities and manufactures shall not only be seized, but burnt. The decree has already been carried into execution.
GOTTENBURGH, March 7. By the post from Stockholm of to day, we have received the news that the Russians have entered Swedish Finland in great force (some accounts say 40,000 men) and have proceeded as far as Helsingfors, which is within half a mile of the fortress of Sweaborg, the only place in the country capable of making any formidable resistance.
WE, THE SUBSCRIBERS, Trustees chosen by Benjamin Nottingham and John Eyre, to execute the trust reposed in us, by a deed executed by said Nottingham and Eyre and these subscribers, shall sell at Publick Sale, for ready money, at Northampton Court House, on the second Monday in May next, if fair, if not, the first fair day thereafter, the said Nottingham's portion, to wit,
One undivided fifth part of 110 acres, more or less, of the LAND, lately held by said Nottingham's father.
JAMES LYON, GEORGE PARKER, } Trustees. Northampton, April 15, 1808.
FOR SALE, The CARGO of the ship Leonia , capt. Walker, from Liverpool, consisting of 7000 bushels coarse SALT, 27 crates assorted Queen's Ware; 30 ton of Coal. James Young, April 27.
THE PUBLICK LEDGER.
FRIDAY EVENING, APRIL 29, 1808.
The European intelligence which is given in our paper of this day, tho' recent in date, is not important in its matter.
Letters from different parts of England announce that the publick clamour is so great that it is supposed the orders of November will be rescinded, or so modified as to relieve neutral commerce from its present difficulties.
The fate of Sweden is interesting, we fear she will not be able to maintain her political existence, but she can be in no worse situation than those powers who have submitted without resisting the tyrant of the world.
The Supplementary Bill to the Embargo bill, published in our last passed the House of Representatives on Saturday last, ayes 73—nays 26. As no alterations are noticed we presume that it passed without amendment, or as it came from the senate, and as published. We consider therefore that the coasting trade, except as noticed in the bill is not prohibited, but this is only conjecture.
The Bill giving the President power to "equip all the Frigates, &c." shared a curious fate; upon a question of indefinite postponement, ayes 40—nays 57. After a considerable debate upon the bill and several amendments, another question for an indefinite postponement was taken, when the votes were, ayes 55—nays 41—so that there is an end of that measure for this session.
SAMUEL B. ARCHER, Esq. was on Monday last elected a Delegate to the General Assembly for this Borough.
JAMES BOWDOIN, Esq. late minister from the United States to Madrid, and envoy extraordinary to Paris, has arrived at Boston in the ship Sally from Liverpool.
The French cruizers continue their depredations on American commerce under the decrees of Berlin and Milan; some American vessels have been recaptured and carried into England. The brig George , captain Chester, has arrived at New-York from Bordeaux, left that place the 18th March; Dr. Leigh of Philadelphia, came passenger in the George , and is the bearer of dispatches from Mr. Armstrong to the Secretary of State. Capt. Chester states, that the American vessels in Bordeaux had been visited, and strictly examined, and such as had been boarded by an English cruizer were put under seizure. Under Buonaparte's suborning decree there is no doubt that evidence was not wanted.
General Ernoff , the Governor of Guadeloupe in his late proclamation says that our Embargo is another evidence of our determination to make a common cause against England. By recent advices from France it appears that the embargo is considered in the same light in that country.
The administration and its friends have to lament the loss of the Hon. James Sloan , as appears by this day's paper; the acquisition of the Hon. John Quincy Adams must however afford them some consolation, and leaves them nearly as they were.
Some persons have ascribed a large portion of Mr. Jefferson's prejudice against Great Britain, to the freedom with which the critics of that country have treated his writings. The Hon. Mr. Adams , has published a book entitled " Adams Travels ," with this work those unmerited criticisms have been very free, and which may be the cause of that Senator's high displeasure— Tantæne animis cœlestibus iræ.
The ship Rolla , Garey , left Gravesend the 13th March for Virginia, (so says Lloyd's list, but we understand she was to call at Cowes). The ship Oetavia , Collins, from Charleston, sent into Calais the 29th January, cargo landed, and the crew made prisoners. The ship Gosport , Derkheim , of this port, was at Plymouth the 22d March, waiting for orders. The March Packet sailed from Falmouth for Halifax and New-York on the 11th of March.
MARRIED —At Richmond on Saturday last, Mr. MICHAEL W. HANCOCK , merchant of that city, to Miss SOPHIA SCOTT .
BALTIMORE, April 25. Having received no letter to day, we are unacquainted with the disturbances said to exist at the seat of government, occasioned by the supplement to the embargo law. Fed. Gaz.
The eastern papers state, that since the passage of the supplementary embargo laws (which they stile a LAND EMBARGO ) the inhabitants of the counties near the Lakes are forming companies to trade by force to Montreal and other parts of Canada. However severe and oppressive the present system may be, we must contend for the "empire of the laws." Rebellion must be put down. If they are improper, change your laws, or your law-makers; but no insurrections. Ibid.
Extract from an address to the citizens of New-Jersey by the hon. JAMES SLOAN, representative in Congress from that state. I shall next proceed to a brief statement of my conduct respecting the caucus held in the senate chamber on the 23d of January, 1808 in the even-
ing, for the purpose of nominating a president and vice-president, to which the republican members were invited by printed notices signed Stephen R. Bradley—as the number that attended, and the result have been published, it is unnecessary here to insert it; but briefly to observe that many members were dissatisfied both with the time and manner of convening it—many did not go, and some that did declared that Madison was not their choice; but there appearing at that time a prospect of a majority being in his favour, they would vote for him to unite the republican interest—I voted for him of choice, not having then discovered a combination of causes, and effects, connected with his election, which when discovered, I considered in their nature, and tendency, dangerous to the liberty, and interest of these United States—and therefore in duty bound, particularly in my present station, to oppose. To give my reasons in detail would exceed the bounds of a communication of this nature, and to some, prudence forbids at present unlimited publicity; but the following query merits attention. Why was this caucus convened before the middle of the session, whereas similar ones have usually been held as near the close, as the nature of the case would admit?—I shall not here charge those members who laid the plan with latent design, or those who attended it with improper motives, not doubting that many of them were innocently taken in, as I was; but the effect is too obvious to need any comment—that is to say, to foreclose a free investigation of the subject (which had there been and the caucus held near the close of the session, I am convinced the result would not have been in favour of Madison) in the different states, many of whose legislatures were likely to continue in session until the decision of the caucus erroneously represented the as united opinion of all almost genuine republicans in both houses of congress) could be communicated to them in time to induce a majority of them to declare in favour of a person not their choice (as some members did here) because they had no hopes of success in supporting one that was. I shall conclude this subject with declaring my decided approbation of the conduct of our administration relative to our foreign affairs—as it respects our internal generally; notwithstanding which, I am fully convinced that under existing circumstances, the election of George Clinton for our next president, and James Monroe, vice president, will promote the interest of the United States, and produce a more general union and harmony amongst our citizens, than any other candidate proposed, and therefore am in duty bound to support them.
[He then declares, that fixing the seat of government permanently where it is, is founded on fraud, and tends to destroy our liberties, &c. &c.—The following is his concluding paragraph:]
I shall conclude with observing, that if I could have reconciled it with my duty as one of your representatives, to have voted for immense appropriations for the express purpose of forging chains for your posterity; instead of insults, abuses and threats of assassination; I might have passed smoothly along, and enjoyed the smiles of sycophants, and servile dependents upon executive patronage, and the publick treasury—but in so doing, I must have acted contrary to both the interest and liberty of the people of the United States in general, and particularly so to my constituents of New-Jersey, to whom I am more immediately accountable, and to whom I thus publicly appeal; leaving it to your candour to censure or appropriate my conduct—and subscribe myself your friend and fellow citizen.
JAMES SLOAN. Washington, April 12, 1808.
FROM FRANCE.
An intelligent friend who has arrived at New-York from Bordeaux, has favoured the editor of the Philadelphia Gazette with the following communication:
April 21. I arrived here this morning in 43 days from Bordeaux, in the brig George , capt. Chester. I intended to have brought some of the latest French papers, but at the time of my departure from Bordeaux I could not procure any that contained any thing worthy of republication.
No event of importance had occurred upon the continent immedately before my departure: the guard of honour at Bordeaux were daily preparing in expectation of the arrival of the emperor. Immense numbers of French, Swiss and Italian troops were marching to Spain and Portugal all apparently confident of victory, and zealous to act in whatever manner their chief was disposed to direct them. Eighty thousand additional troops (the whole number of troops will exceed 200,000) were expected to march through Bordeaux the middle of March. The immediate object of this great army was perhaps only known to Buonaparte and his cabinet; the conjectures of some directed it towards Gibraltar, others towards England. It is, I believe, pretty certain that the churches of Spain are about to be pillaged and a considerable portion of their treasures to be applied to other than holy purposes. It is thought by intelligent persons in France, that the emperor will not expose his person in Portugal or Spain; all his troops it is supposed might not protect him against the poison or stiletto of the infuriated Monks and Priests, who are about to be plundered. The so called "army of England" was forming at Boulogne.
It was reported in France that the Pope was about to retire to a convent, and that he was cast from "his high estate," in consequence of an honest and firm refusal to aid his master in the execution of a certain project, not exactly consonant either with the civil, moral or divine law. It was universally said and believed, that 50,000 French and Russian troops were on their full and unmolested march to the British possessions in India; but the press and every other political right or privilege of man is so shackled all over the continent of Europe, that any thing of a political nature louder than a whisper is scarcely to be heard.
An impenetrable veil of secrecy covers the movements of the whole of Buonaparte's army, but the address and genius of the officers who direct and animate the vast machine, render it almost certain that important and surprising effects will continue to be produced. Whether England will stand or fall will soon be determined: her wooden walls, and the spirit of her people, constitute a strong fortress. We, (Americans) injured and insulted as we have been, must naturally wish to humble her lofty pretensions; but, at this period, the humiliation of
England would be the downfall of the only barrier to the ambition and undoubted views of Buonaparte. The policy of America's aiding in the designs of annihilating England is a matter well worthy of consideration. It behoves the United States, if she values her liberty and independence to be "armed at all points." The crisis is alarming; we ought at least, and that without delay, to be prepared for times of extraordinary difficulty and danger.
BOSTON, April 19. Votes for Governor.
Our private returns are complete from 415 towns—Mr. Gore has 39078, Mr. Sullivan 41421—Last year Mr. Strong had 38028, Mr. Sullivan 40160, in the same towns.
Gazette Marine Memoranda.
ARRIVED. Ship Sachem , Bartlett, 51 days from Liverpool, Salt and Crates, Alexander Maclure.
WALKER'S Packet will sail for Baltimore on TUESDAY next. April 29.
THEATRE.
On Wednesday Evening, the 4th of May, the THESPIAN SOCIETY will perform the Play of LOVERS VOWS. To which will be added, the Farce of ALL THE WORLD'S A STAGE. Admittance One Dollar. Tickets to be had at Mr. Klein's Store; the Ledger Office; and at the Theatre. The Doors to be opened at half past five, and the performance to commence at half past six o'clock precisely. April 29.
To be SOLD for CASH,
On Tuesday next, the 3d of May, near the residence of Mr. W. C. Veale, in Princess-Anne, at 12 o'clock, to close a concern, 15 head Horned CATTLE, 4 do. Horses; 13 do. Sheep; 9 Ewes and Lambs. April 29.
On Friday next, the 6th of May, at 11 o'clock, will be Sold at the Dwelling-House of the late Mrs. Anne Cilvert, The Household and Kitchen FURNITURE, belonging to the estate of the deceased. April 29.
ADVERTISEMENT.
A good Price will be given for the First Vol. of the History of France, BY GIFFORD. This Book was sent to the late Mr. M'rick to be bound, and oldest Auction with the rest. Apply at the Ledger Office. April 29.
FOR BOSTON, The Schooner BARTHOLOMEW, Capt. Crawford, will sail in a few days. For freight or passage apply to the master on board at Newton's wharf, or to Christopher Fry. April 29.
TIMBER.
The following Timber is wanted for the Navy Yard at Gosport—Persons desirous to furnish it will be pleased to make immediate application to Theo. Armistead, N. A.
   TO BE MARKED Spec. QTY.    A 6 Gurdor Beams —47—10 by 12  B 40 Joists —36— 3 12  C 40 do. —18— 3 12  D 7 Gurdors —30—12 12  E 7 do. —20—12 12  F 7 do. —38—12 12  G 7 do. —48—12 12  H 20 do. —40—12 14  I 20 do. —28—12 14  K 30 do. —36— 3 12  L 35 do. —33— 4 12  M 76 Principal Rafters —30— 4 10 & 4 by 6  N 38 Collar Beams —28— 4 9  O 46 Pendants —33— 4 5  P 40 do. —24— 4 5  R 186 Jack Rafters —30— 3 5  S 186 do. —20— 3 5  T 186 do. —24— 3 6  W 16 do. KP —16— 4 10  Y 35 Plats —33— 4 12    The above Timber must be of Heart Pine or Poplar. April 29.
LOST,
Tuesday evening between the United States' Bank and the Virginia Bank, by the way of Catharine-Street, Two SEALS and a WATCH KEY, marked V, affixed to an old steel chain. The finder will be handsomely rewarded (if required) by leaving them at the Ledger Office. April 29.
NORFOLK BOROUGH.
At a Hustings' Court, continued and held the 29th day of October, 1807.
John Barrett, and Bladina his wife, Plaintiffs. Against William James, administrator with the will annexed of Daniel Hutchings, Defendant.
This cause this day came on to be heard on the bill, answer and exhibit file, and the arguments of counsel; on consideration whereof, it is decreed and ordered, that the defendant exhibit to Master Commissioner Cowper, all accounts and vouchers in his hands relative to the estate of his testator, and the account of sales of the said estate so far as the same has been administered by him, as well as an account of any sum or sums of money, or effects which may have come into his hands from the estate of Elizabeth Hutchings, the former executrix or administrator, the property of said D. Hutchings, deceased. And that the Master Commissioner annexed state and settle the said accounts, and report the same to the Court, with any matter specially that either party may require. A Co.,
Teste, William Sharp, C. C.
The parties in this cause are desired to attend with their books and papers at my Office, on Tuesday the 10th day of next month, (May) at 10 o'clock in the forenoon of said day.
John Cowper, M. C. N. B. Master Commissioners Office, Norfolk Borough, April 27, 1808.

A FREIGHT is wanted For the Schooner BARTHOLOMEW , Captain Crawford, burthen about 900 barrels, to any Northern Port. Apply to the master at Newton's wharf, or to Christopher Fry. April 27.
SAMUEL COLEMAN, Market-Street, westward of the Market, has established A Boot and Shoe MANUFACTORY For this purpose he has employed the journeyman who were lately in the service of Mr. Walker—as those are said to be the best workmen in the place, and as he is determined to spare no expense in getting the best materials, it is probable that those will be well served who choose to promote an institution so favourable to the interests of Norfolk, inasmuch as that it will give employment to a considerable number of people, and it will be made extensive in proportion to the encouragement given to it.
New SHOES from New-York, as usual for Sale—such as have been generally sold in retail at 2s. 6d. for 7s. 6d.; those at 15s. for 13s. 6d. except of Morocco leather; Ladies' Morocco Slippers at 8s. 3d. for 7s. 6d. and in nearly the same ratio for every other kind of Shoes, where the former prices will bear reduction.
VERNON'S BOOTS, which are no doubt the most elegant made in the United States. Having on hand nearly 200 pair of Boots, he believes there are very gentlemen who cannot be fitted. A few hundred bushels of ground Alum Salt; India Cottons; Brown Sugar, &c. &c. as low as they can be sold for a profit, for Cash. April 25.
STOLEN from a House in this Borough, about the 15th or 16th instant, TWO TABLE SPOONS, both marked T. M. G. in a cypher. Any person that will inform the Editor of this paper where the Spoons can be obtained, shall be well rewarded. N. B. Silversmiths and others are requested to stop them if offered for sale. April 25.
NORFOLK, April 25, 1808. MR. GEORGE REID, Sir—Take notice that I shall take the deposition of Matthew Hubbard, senior, at the office of Robert B. Taylor, attorney at law, in Norfolk, between the hours of ten in the morning and four in the afternoon of Friday the 27th day of May next, to be used in a suit depending in the Borough Court of Norfolk, wherein I am plaintiff and you are defendant. This notice is given in this mode, as you do not reside within the State of Virginia, and have no known agent or attorney within the state to whom notice can be given. I am, your obedient servant, TILDSLEY GRAHAM. 1m
On Hand, A few qr. casks of choice Teneriffe WINE, And a few kegs fresh Dutch HERRINGS.—For sale by the Subscriber. April 25. Moses Myers.
COW-POCK. The Subscriber informs those who wish to be vaccinated, that a parcel of fresh matter lately received from Philadelphia, has succeeded, and is now fit to inoculate from. April 20. George Balfour.
A WET NURSE FOR SALE. A Strong NEGRO WOMAN, with a good breast of Milk, and her Boy six weeks old—The Woman is used to washing, ironing, and house-work. ALSO, A NEGRO WOMAN, an excellent Cook and House Servant. Apply at the Ledger Office. April 22.
STOLEN. A SILVER CANDLESTICK, Stamped on the base J. Lownes. The negro woman who it suspected took it about a fortnight since, may have offered it for sale or pawn for rum, of which she is very fond—FIVE DOLLARS will be given to the person who may bring it to the Office of the Ledger. April 22.
THE STOCKHOLDERS In the Marine Insurance Company, of Norfolk, are hereby notified that an Election will be held at the Office of the said Company, on the first day of the next month (May), according to law, for the choice of fifteen Directors, for one year, from the said first day of May. John Cowper, Sec'y. Office of the Marine Insurance Company, the 11th of April, 1808. tdm
THE STOCKHOLDERS In the Dismal Swamp Canal Company, are requested to meet at the Eagle Tavern, opposite the Market-House, on Monday, the 2d day of May next, at 12 o'clock, to elect a President and Directors, and other business of importance to the said company. RICHARD BLOW, President. April 13. tdm
ENGLISH GOODS. Appleton & Co. By the John Adams, St. Johns, from Liverpool, No. 16, Calvert-Street, Baltimore, have received their regular supply of GOODS, calculated for the present and approaching season.
Cambrick and Common Callicoes, Plain and striped Dimities; Printed Marseilles Vesting, White Jeans; Furniture Chintz; do. Dimities, London Superfine Broad Cloths; do. do. Cassimeres, Yorkshire fine Cloths and Cassimeres; patent Nankeen Cords; Grandurets; Cotton Cassimeres, 6-4 and 4-4 Cambrick Muslins, Japan, Haricord, and Check do. plain and figured Mull do. Lenox, Victory, and Riddle Muslin; coloured do. do. do. 4-4 plain Book do.; Ginghams; Silk do. Satins, Persians, and Sarnets; Bonnet Silks; Silk Gloves, Silk Handkerchiefs; Fancy Shawls, Cotton Umbrellas, do. Braces, do. Laces and Footings, do. Quiltings, English Kid Gloves, Cotton Hosiery, Handkerchiefs, Fringe and Bed Lace, Cotton and Linen Checks; Buttons; Birmingham Ware. In Store, a few dozen gentlemen's best Beaver Hats, from Marseilles. These goods will be sold low for cash, or undoubted paper at 60 days. April 15. 10
Mackinder & White, Have just received from on board the Schooner Liberty, Capt Lewis, from Philadelphia, 150 boxes fresh Imperial and Hyson TEAS, of superior quality. ALSO,
A fresh supply of Hollands GIN, Tickenburgs, superfine Cloths, Gentlemen's Silk Hats, Parasols, &c.—Which they offer for Sale on the lowest terms, for cash or approved notes. N. B. A few barrels of prime Smithfield MESS PORK. April 15. tf
Intending to leave the country for a few months, I have appointed Mr. William Dickson my attorney. Bartholomew Redmon. April 7. 1m
COCKE & SANFORD, Have received eighteen hogsheads and eighteen barrels Loaf and Lump SUGAR, which they offer for Sale on very moderate terms. On hand of their last importation, 2 bales flaxen OZNABURGS, 2000 wt. Seine Twine; 1 bale assorted Blue Cloths, 1 bale superfine Navy Blue Cloth, 2 boxes well assorted Irish Linens, Irish and Dutch Sheetings and Dowlas, 2 Trunks Cotton Hosiery; 1 case Dimities, 2 do. assorted Nankeenets and Grandurets, 3 do. Callicoes; 2 do. Cotton Cambricks, 1 box French Cambricks and Handkerchiefs, 2 cases Mens' and 1 do. Childrens' fashionable Beaver Hats Feb. 24. 2m
BOOTS. Elegant Hussar & Backstrap BOOTS, Just received and for Sale by Wood & Hastings, Opposite Market-Square Feb. 8. tf
NOTICE. The Copartnership of RICHARD BOWDEN, & Co. having expired, Richard Drummond is authorised to receive and pay the debts of said concern. Moses Myers, Richard Bowden, Richard Drummond. tf
Cognac Brandy, Hollands Gin, Country do. in pipes, Rice in tierces and half tierces—For Sale by C. & F. Whittle. February 24. tf
For SALE at my New-House, Strong, Table, and Ship BEER, by the hogshead, barrel, and half barrel—and a constant supply of bottled PORTER in packages and by the dozen. And in Store, Wines, Liquors, and Groceries, wholesale and retail. Joseph Hayes. Feb. 18. tf
For SALE, 45,000 wt. good COFFEE in bags, 94 puncheons old St. Kitts RUM. MOSES MYERS. January 8. tf
For SALE, 73 punch. choice Antigua RUM, 30 do. Grenada do. 600 bushels CORN, 60,000 drawn White and Red Oak STAVES, 60 barrels Pork. George Wilson. November 4. tf
NOTICE. The Subscribers have removed to the Ware-House, No. 6, on Newton's wharf, formerly occupied by Messrs. John D. Haldane, & Co. JENNINGS & RODDEY. January 8.
First quality Jamaica COFFEE. Just received and for Sale, 77 tierces and 24 barrels prime Green COFFEE. James & Thomas Tucker. December 28. tf
For RENT, A commodious small DWELLING, with all suitable out-houses and a good garden, pleasantly situated on Smith's Point. Possession may be had on the first of November. P. Barraud. October 5. tf
For RENT, The Store, Compting-Room & Cellar, at present occupied by Mess. Wood & Hastings, no. 90, Main-street. Apply to Thomas Willock. August 24. tf
For RENT. The STORE in Market-Square, now occupied by the subscriber. For terms apply at his office. Thomas Blanchard. April 7. tf
The Subscriber having resumed his former Business of Commissioner and Broker, will buy or sell Goods on Commission, post Books, adjust Accounts, and procure Money on good paper or merchandise, at the shortest notice. James Maurice, No. 44, Church-Street. tf March 30.
For SALE, 2 elegant Bay Horses, a complete match, 2 do. grey do. do. do. 1 remarkable fine bay, and one very excellent grey Horse—For which, Notes of the Bank of Newbern and Cape-Fear, or Proc. Money will be taken in payment.—Apply at the Office of the Publick Ledger. Sept. 25. tf
For RENT, That convenient Dwelling-House, on Brewer Street, the property of Mr. John Davidson, at present occupied by Mr. Stephen Harris. Also, That convenient House, where Mr. Cornelius Calvert formerly lived; they have very fine gardens and all convenient out-houses—possession may be had on the first day of May next, on application to James Tucker. April 13. tf
Intending shortly to leave this town, the Subscriber informs the publick, that from this day he will sell at the first cost, All his STOCK, Consisting of DRY GOODS, and every kind of ready made CLOTHES. B. Danfossy. No. 24, Market-Square. 3s April 13.
For SALE, On board the ship Damascotta, Robert Duckendorff, master, at Commerce-Street Wharf, Coarse Liverpool SALT, St. Vincent's RUM and MOLASSES. Moses Myers. April 15. tf
For SALE, 4000 bushels Ground Allum SALT, And a few well assorted crates of EARTHENWARE. George Murray, & Co. December 7. tf
Fresh Imperial TEA. Just received 17 boxes fresh Imperial TEA, of the present year's importation.—Also on Hand, 25 tons assorted BAR IRON, 80 barrels and a few hogsheads Muscovado Sugar, 40 barrels and bags Green Coffee; 25 hds. old Antigua Rum, 20 hds. Molasses; 8 pipes French Brandy, 10 crates assorted Queen's Ware, A few quarter casks of Sherry and Teneriffe Wine, Whiskey in barrels; Loaf Sugar, New-York prime Pork and Beef; 30 casks Cheese, A few barrels Mackerel; Soap; Candles; Demijohns, &c. For Sale by Jennings & Roddey. February 26. tf
NOTICE. The partnership of Ellis & Sprigg, of Hampton, is this day by mutual consent dissolved—all persons indebted to the said firm are requested most earnestly to come forward and pay their respective balances to Mr. C. Sprigg; and all those who have claims against said firm, to produce them to said C. Sprigg for settlement. Samuel Ellis, Per his Attorney in fact, Robert Gibson, Corbin Sprigg. tf
For CASH or approved Discountable Paper, 20 bales best Russia CANVAS, 1 do. Ravens Duck; 1 do. Mattress Ticking, 65 packages German Linen—For Sale by Niemeyer & Von Kapff. February 26. tf
Now landing from the Schooner Prudence Mary, from New-York, 17 hhds. first quality SUGARS, 54 barrels prime Pork, city inspection, 70 boxes Mould Candles; 5 hhds. double refined Sugar, 5 pipes Brandy; 25 reams Writing Paper, 2 trunks fine and coarse French Lace, which will be sold at a low rate for Cash. Apply at No. 1, Commerce-Street to William Hull, Jun. October 16. tf
Just got to Hand. 22 chests Hyson TEA, will be sold low for cash. George Wilson. Nov. 18. tf
The following prices will be given in Cash for 500 or 600 cords of BARK, deliverable at my Tan Yard, Spanish Oak, $ 6 per cord, Willow or Water do. 5 Red do. 4 Young White do. 3 50 Beach Bark, 3 50 With a view to prevent disappointment to those who procure this article, arising from the uncertainty of the quantity which may be brought to market, I will receive all which may be delivered at my landing before the first day of June, provided it be well cured and in good order. Theoderick Armistead. 2m April 4.
Now landing from on board the Schooner Mohawk, Roger Quarles, master, from Leghorn, 120 hogsheads Bordolease CLARET, 96 cases Roll Brimstone, 100 boxes Castile Marbled Soap, 50 tin boxes Saffron, 5 cases Florence Silks of all colours, a great many black, 2 hhds. shelled Almonds, 100 half chests Lucca Oil, of 30 flasks, 100 boxes Lucca Oil, 12 bottles each, 3 cases Chip Hats. For Sale by William Pennock. October 12. tf
WOOD & HASTINGS, No. 76, Main-Street, Have just received an additional supply of Staple and Fancy GOODS, Among which are Black Silk Velvet; Tabby, do.; Black Silk Florentine; Silk Handkerchiefs; do. Fancy Shawls; Convex Navy Buttons; fashionable Coat do.; a variety of French Goods; 2 trunks Cambrick Muslins; 2 cases Linens; 2 bales Cotton Checks; 1 do. Gilli Handkerchiefs; 5 do. India Cottons, assorted, some very fine for Shirtings; a variety of Woolens. They have also on hand a general and extensive assortment of WOOLLEN GOODS. Every description of fancy Muslins and Dresses; Velvets; Constitution and President's Cords; Dimities; Carpets; Hosiery, &c. &c. On consignment, just received, Hussar and Backstrap BOOTS; Ladies' Kid and Morocco Shoes; Mens' coarse do.; coarse and fine Hats. The above GOODS will be sold at very reduced prices for CASH, or undoubted credit, by wholesale and retail. December 11. tf
The Subscriber grateful for past favours, takes the liberty of informing the publick, that in addition to his BEER and PORTER-HOUSE, he has rented the upper apartment of that commodious house situated at the corner of Wide Water and Commerce-Streets, formerly occupied by Mrs. Bryan, which he has opened as a Tavern, by the name of the GLOBE TAVERN, and will keep a constant supply of the best of Liquors; and for the accommodation of customers, he will keep a constant supply of prime New-York Ale, Philadelphia Beer and Porter. Solicitors for a share of publick patronage, he assures those who may favour him with their custom, that every attention will be paid to give satisfaction. Gentle Boarders may be accommodated by the week, month, or year, upon moderate terms. Good Stabling and forage for a few horses. WILLIAM TONKIN.
Two TENEMENTS situated on Town-Point, will be rented cheap, together or separate.—For terms apply as above. April 7. 1m
At the Old CUT-NAIL Manufactory, corner of Main and Church-streets, the subscriber keeps on hand constant supply, and can furnish at short notice, any quantity of Nails, Flooring Brads and Sprigs, At the following reduced prices, by the Keg—for cash only, viz— 8, 10, 12, and 20d Nails and Brads at 7 1-2d lb. 6d. Nails, 9 1-2d 4d. do. 2s. 9d m. or 11d 3d. do. 2s. 3d. or 12d Sheathing, do. 7 1-2d 6d. Sprigs, 4s 6d per M. 6d. do. 2s 9d 2d. and 3d. do. 2s 3d He offers also for cash only— HOOP IRON ASSORTED. Thos. Seaman.
CASH for Warwick STAVES. Moses Myers. April 20. tf
6000 bushels Stoved SALT, 50 crates well assorted Earthenware—For Sale on board the ship Sally, by A. Maclure. March 2. tf
NOTICE. I am again compelled to solicit all those indebted to the estate of PHILIP COLLINS, deceased, to make immediate payment, as no longer indulgence can be given. Jane Collins, Admr'x. December 9. tf
At PRIVATE SALE, BY S. MARKS, JUN. 60 hogsheads St. Kitt's RUM. March 2. tf
Richard Jeffrey & Co. No. 66, Main-street, corner of Bank-Street, have just received from London, per the ship Planter, An assortment of MEDICINES, of the first quality. Also, a few hundred weight refined Salt Petre, Hardham's Snuff, No 9, and 37, in 1-2 and 1-4 pound canisters, Violet, Benzoin, Windsor and Shaving Soap, Evan's best Crown Lanters, Tooth Brushes of superior kind, Refined Liquorice, &c. They have on hand, and are in daily expectation of receiving from Amsterdam, all kinds of GLASS WARE, suitable to Apothecaries. MEDICINE CHESTS for ships and family use, with printed directions, put up as usual. October 3. tf
Leather, Cordage, and Loaf Sugar. The subscriber will hereafter expose for Sale at his Ware-house on Campbell's wharf the above Articles, of the manufacture of Norfolk, at reduced prices for Cash, or on short credits only. Theo. Armistead. He will sell or lease for a term of years, the STORES at the end of Marsden's and Rothery's wharves. Feb. 20. tf
At Private Sale, By S. MARKS, Jun. Corner of Commerce and Water-street, 10 hhds. Antigua, 12 do. N. E. 50 barrels do. RU... 30 hhds and 20 barrels Sugar; 10 pipes Country Gin, 8 pipes Cognac Brandy; 150 boxes Mould Candles, 0 boxes Spermaceti Candles; 4 bales striped Blankets, 3 bales Blue Duffles; 1 do. fine Cloths; 4 do. blue Plains, 2 do. Rugs; 1 do. Check Shirts, 54 do. Tickenburgs and Oznaburgs; 2 do. Heffians, 1 trunk Madras Handkerchiefs. October 24. tf
THE SUBSCRIBER Has removed to the brick store at the head of Camp- bell's wharf, fronting said wharf and Wide Water- street, where he offers at wholesale or retail his as- sortment of Groceries and Ship Chandlery, Among which are 14 hogsheads Muscovado SUGAR, 1 do. and 6 barrels loaf do. 6 do. Antigua, Jamaica, and Grenada Rum, 3 pipes French Brandy, 2 hhds. and 6 bbs Rye Whiskey, 4 barrels Apple Brandy, 1 do. Peach do. 10 hds. Coffee, Imperial, Hyson, Young Hyson, and Souchong Teas, Pepper, Pimento, and Nutmegs, Madeira, Sherry, and Port Wines, London and Philadelphia Porter, English Cheese, Bar Iron and Castings, Nail and Spike Rods, German Steel, Powder and Shot, Tar, Pitch & Turpentine, Paints and Oil, black and bright Varnish, Canvas and Cordage, Nails and Spikes. Also just received, 20 boxes Lemons, 12 half bbs. Beef Tongues, 20 kegs Tongues and Sounds, 40 kegs and 2 bbs Salmon, 5 bbs Mackerel, 15 cases Sailed Oil, 1 case Currants, 10 boxes Olives, Cajes and Anchovies, 6 dozen bottles Caverne Peper, 3 1/2 do. Pickled Peppers, 30 boxes Soap, 20 boxes Candles, 50 barrels Alexandria superfine and fine Flour. J hn D. Haldane. July 31. tf
A Cargo of Liverpool Stoved SALT, For Sale on board the ship Mars. Moses Myers. April 18. tf
6000 bushels St. Ubes SALT—afloat. IN STORE, 35 puncheons 3d and 4th proof Antigua Rum, 100 hogsheads Sugar, principally Antigua, 40,000 wt. Green Coffee; 850 Demijohns, 7,500 bushels coarse Salt; 100 barrels Rye Whiskey, 30 tierces London Brown Stout, 20 hogsheads Philadelphia Ale and Porter, 150 barrels superfine and fine Flour; 40 kegs fresh Raisins, 10 pipes London particular Madeira Wine, fit for use, 600 ready made Check Shirts; 20 hds. Petersburg Tobacco, 50 barrels Pork; 100 barrels Sugar; a few cases Hermitage For Sale on liberal terms by C. & F. Whittle. February 6. tf
Thirty Dollars Reward. RANAWAY from the Subscriber on the 22d of last month, a bright mulatto, named CALEB, about 24 years of age, bow legged; he has a red mark upon his neck, just below his right ear, (as well as I can recollect) I will give the above reward to any person or persons that will secure the said negro so that I get him again, and if delivered to me all reasonable charges shall be paid. H. PITTS. Northampton, Eastern Shore, Virg April 11, 18-8 7*
Landing from the Schooner Antelope, Capt. Putnam, 100 hhds. & 12 tierces MOLASSES, 24 bags Green Coffee Also received from New-York, New Mess and Prime PORK, Mess and Prime BEEF. For Sale by Jennings & Roddey. April 13. tf
NORFOLK. PUBLISHED THREE TIMES A-WEEK, BY WILLIAM DAVIS, FOR THE PROPRIETOR, Opposite the Exchange Coffee-House. Price Six Dollars yearly, in advance.