The Patowmac guardian, and Berkeley advertiser (Shepherdstown, Va. [W. Va.]), 1793-05-27 00:00:00

The POTOMAC GUARDIAN, and BERKELEY ADVERTISER.
PRICE TWO DOLLARS PER ANN.]
MONDAY, MAY 27, 1793.
[NUMBER 132—VOL. 3.]
WHERE LIBERTY DWELLS, THERE IS MY COUNTRY.
Franklin.
To the FREEMEN of BERKELEY.
AMONG a variety of affairs which in this time of war and tumult, engage your attention, there are none that have a greater claim to your serious consideration than the present militia law; I mean more especially, that part of it which vests the choice of the officers in the bench of Justices.
To combat public measures, and appear in opposition to public councils, have at all times been extremely disagreeable to me; to contend with the powers that be, have often times been a dangerous task, but as all freemen, in a free country, have a sovereign right to liberty of speech, I hope no man, nor body of men, will consider themselves aggrieved by any thing I may offer in the following observations.
To arrive to a clear knowledge of any question, there is much will depend on a true statement thereof: the clearer it is proved, so much the better. In the present case, the question will be, Is the militia law (considered in the general) a grievance? Is certain of its parts oppressive? Does it deprive any part of the community of their unalienable rights? And as an evidence of this, are they discontented with it? Or, on the contrary, do they submit to it without murmur, or without discontent?
To the first part of the question which was proposed, viz. Is the law to be considered in the general as a grievance? I answer in the negative. Those who reflect on the expence of maintaining, and the danger arising from, standing armies, will be convinced, that the peace, the happiness, the prosperity of our country, is intimately connected with a well regulated militia.
To the 2d part, viz. Are certain of its parts oppressive? I answer in the affirmative, and that for these reasons, 1st, because it subjects the most numerous part of the community to an expence they are unable to bear—and here we may notice the extreme partiality of it, for the man who possesses 1000 or 5000 acres of land, will be at no more expence than he who owns not a single acre.
Again 2dly. It is oppressive in respect of those who are excluded from obeying it. I know of no reason why a particular denomination of people are intitled to all the privileges of freemen—the protection of liberty and property—and yet exempted from the danger, the trouble, the expence of supporting them. Exclusive privileges and equal government on commonwealth principles, is a paradox not easily reconciled.
I come now to the 3d part of the question, the examination of which I have particularly in view. And here I shall enquire, whether, on the principles of free government, the choice of officers in this State can be delegated to the bench of Justices.
Before I proceed, methinks I hear some one exclaiming—what! has not the Assembly power to give the choice to whom they will?—To this I answer yes, if they themselves have received it—but was I to question the objector, whom I will suppose a freeholder, whether he voted our present worthy representatives generals , immediately to command his person, I suppose he would say not. How then, I would enquire, could they delegate that authority to others, which they have not received for themselves?
Here I shall lay it down as an axiom, that the people is essentially the source of all dominion, nor can any individual, nor any body of men, be intitled to any authority, which is not expressly derived from them.
The people, not a particular part of them, is the source of sovereignty. The Assembly, on the principles of free government, is not the representatives of the people; they have never expressly received a power from the people to command their persons, therefore they are not possessed of any such power.
Suppose I give my representative a power immediately to command my person, reason will tell us that the power exercised must be as immediate as the power given; but the power to be exercised by the officers appointed by the Court, is not immediately derived from me, therefore, on principles of free government, they are not possessed of any such power.
Among the rights which men surrender to others, there are none greater than the immediate command of their persons. Indeed, I am of opinion, that it is a right not given up in the gross, but reserved by every freeman, to be expressly conferred on whoever he may judge proper, when necessity calls for it; and this opinion is confirmed by the mode of enlisting regular armies. There the officer is named by the government, but his commission does not give him men; that intirely depends on the free choice and consent of those who chuse, or wills to enlist with him. How fair this conduct, compared with the present mode of chusing militia officers;—a Justice, of whose creation we know little or, appoints an officer—the people must obey his
caprice, or be severely fined, or more severely punished for disobedience!
The Assembly, on principles of free government, are not the representatives of the people, but only of a small part of them—of those who will compose the militia, not one third of them are represented—I am acquainted with some counties, where not a fifth of them are freeholders:—How then can it be said, on any principle of reason, that these companies have, either directly or indirectly, consented to those officers the Court have appointed over them; and that this may appear in a more striking point of view, I need only direct you to the returns of the last election. In this district, the population of Frederick and Berkeley exceeds 35,000—let us deduct 25,000 for women, children, and slaves, there will remain 10,000 freemen, intitled, on the principles of free government, to elect representatives—but instead of this number, there appears only somewhat more than 1500, and with reference to the militia law, not more than half of these are subjects of it, consequently, no authority can be derived from them in support of it. It will then follow, that it is the vote of 7 or 800 that has made and authorised the militia law—that they govern four regiments of militia in this district—that in a republican government the minority binds and rules the majority—and that they who derive the authority of the court to appoint officers from the law of the assembly, on principles of free government, are involved in the grossest absurdity.
They order this matter better in France; there every man who has arrived to years of maturity, and resided one year in any part of the kingdom, is intitled to the right of suffrage. Ye friends of mankind and of their rights, gloriously finish what you have so nobly begun—teach the world, that the days of slavery and superstition are past, and that you not only know, but are determined to establish the unalienable rights of man!
Fellow Citizens, I shall not trespass too far on your patience at this time, by proceeding to point out to you a proper mode of redress. You know your rights, and it is not long since, you brav'd the force of Britain, because a British parliament, wherein you was not represented, bound you by its laws. The present militia law puts you in a worse condition than a common soldier in the regular army, who has a right to chose his commander—it subjects you to a great expence to uphold a system of government which deprives many of you of the inestimable right of suffrage, and now commands you to obey a law both partial and oppressive.
REPUBLICAN.
May 24, 1793.
William Riddle, At his NEW STORE, adjoining Mr. Edward Beason's, IS NOW OPENING,
A neat and general assortment of SPRING GOODS,
Which he is determined to sell on advantageous terms, for READY PAY in cash or country produce. Martinsburg, May 18, 1793.
Wanted immediately, by the Printer hereof, A strong, active Boy, as an Apprentice. A L S O,
An industrious, sober young Man, as a Post-Rider, to whom good encouragement will be given.
STRAYED from the subscriber the 5th inst. two young Mares, a black and a bay, two years old past, both with bells on, branded on the near shoulder R. B. the bay has a blaze in her face, and is long and slim made. Whoever takes up said strays and gives me notice so that I get them again, shall have One Dollar reward. ROBERT NORRIS.
Wanted immediately, A JOURNEYMAN MILL-WRIGHT, To assist in building a MILL at Mr. JAMES LOWRY's, on Back-Creek. The highest wages will be given, by JAMES GILBREATH. MAY 18, 1793.
THE Subscriber, having unfortunately been deprived of doing any kind of business, by reason of a severe sickness, hopes those indebted to him will now call and pay off their respective dues. WILLIAM SKINNER. Martinsburg, May 18, 1793.
JUST RECEIVED, BY Jos b & Jos a Riddle, AND NOW OPENING At their STORE in MARTINSBURG, A large and general Assortment of SPRING GOODS,
Consisting of the following articles, viz.
SUPERFINE CLOTHS, fine and coarse ditto, Cashmeres, Corduroys, Thickfets, Royal Ribs, Rib Delures, Kostians, Jeans, Jeanetts, plain, strip'd and figur'd Nankeens, Calicoes and Chintzes of almost every description, Shawls, cotton Handkerchiefs, check and pocket ditto, apron Check, strip'd Linen, Bed-Ticking, Russia Drilling, neat sprig'd Muslins, Jaconet and Book ditto, barr'd and strip'd ditto, Humhums, Ladies and Gentlemens' Muslin Handkerchiefs, Cravats, Ladies Willow Hats, Mens' coarse and fine Hats, Muslinets, Dimities, Muslin Vest Shapes, Irish Linens, brown ditto, Boston Tow ditto, Sheetings, Oznaburgs, Sackings, Tieklenburgs, Wildboars, Camblets, Durants, Moreens, Crapes, silk Stockings, silk and cotton ditto, plain and rib'd cotton ditto, Ladies white and black silk Gloves, Ladies and Gentlemens' beaver, lamb and kid Gloves, Lawns, Cambricks, thread Edgings, Ribbons, Saddles of all sorts, Saddlery assorted, mill and croscut Saws, bar Iron, Steel, Castings, screw Augers, Files, Rasps, Chizels, Gouges, door, drawer, chest and pad Locks, English and Dutch Scythes, Sickles, desk and drawer Mounting, Knives and Forks, Pen-Knives, Pewter assorted, Tea Trays, Ivory Combs, Horn ditto, cotton, wool and tow Cards, wool Screws, brass and iron H and HL Hinges, Queen's Ware and Glass assorted, Writing Paper, Waters and Sealing Wax, family and school Bibles, Testaments, Spelling Books, Primers, Dilworth's Assistant, Psalm and Hymn Books, Madder, Red Wood, Brazille, Copperas, Indigo, fig Blue, Allum, Cinnamon, Cloves, Mace, Nutmegs, Allspice, Pepper, Ginger, Spirits, West India Rum, New-England ditto, Whisky, Lisbon Wine, loaf and brown Sugars, Coffee, Chocolate, best Hyson, Hyson-skin and Bohea Teas, Rice, Raisins, Almonds, Rozin, Glue, Chalk, Salt, Molasses, Oil, soap and upper Leather, Boot Legs, best spinning Cotton, &c. &c. &c.
They offer the above GOODS for cash or produce, and as they are now determined to deal for READY PAY ONLY, they will sell as low as any others in the county. They flatter themselves that all who please to call and view their Goods, will be convinced of the propriety of what they assert, as they have formed such connexions as enables them to obtain Goods upon the best terms.
ALL Persons indebted to them, either by bond, note, or open account, are requested to make immediate payment, as they are determined to settle up all their old business as soon as possible. They flatter themselves that the above reasonable request will be attended to, as it is out of their power to give longer indulgence; and they hope that they will not be forced to the disagreeable necessity of bringing suits against any—which must inevitably be the case if the above hint is not attended to.
Martinsburg, May 18, 1793.
THE Subscriber informs the public, that he has established a NAIL FACTORY, at his house in Burke-Street.
WANTED, A JOURNEYMAN NAILOR.
A L S O,
An Apprentice to the Nail Business. Apply to FREDERICK SNIDER.
A general supply of Nails are now ready for sale, such as double tens, shingle, paleing, clapboard, lath and cask Nails, flooring brads all kinds, springs.
By virtue of an Act of Assembly, for establishing the Town of Martinsburg, passed in the year of our Lord, 1778, the Trustees of the said town will expose to public sale, on the fourth Monday of the present month, Thirty Lots of Land, lying and being in the said Town, for which deeds will be made the purchasers by the Trustees, on their complying with the terms at the sale made known.
By order of the Trustees, ROBERT COCKBURN, Secretary. May 6, 1793.

Foreign Advices.
By the British APRIL Packet, arrived at New-York, London papers up to April 6, have been received, from which the following extracts are copied.
LEIDEN, March 28.
A Courier who arrived at the Hague on the night between the 26th and 27th, brought certain intelligence, that the French have evacuated Brussels, and that they fell back towards Mons, on the approach of the Imperial army, part of which entered that capital on Sunday the 24th.
HAGUE, March 26.
Advice is just received here of a brisk engagement having taken place on the 23d, between the Austrians and the French, at a place near Breibock, in which the latter were again defeated.
March 28. Accounts are received that Deist was taken on the 20th in the attack by Colonel Mylins; that a considerable magazine was left by the French at Louvain; and that, in the affair of the 22d, the Austrians had 1000 men killed and wounded, and the French had 4000 killed.
March 30. Intelligence has been received here, that the citadel of Namur, is taken by the Austrians, and that a considerable body of the Austrian troops has been detached from that place to join the Prince of Saxe-Cobourg's army.
FRANKFORT, March 21.
Yesterday Gen. Custine, seconded by Col. Houchard, attacked with 12 battalions of infantry, a battery of cannon, and 20 squadrons, the Prussian Col. Seculi, who had posted himself near Stromberg, with only 200 infantry and 150 hussars and dragoons. The action continued from 7 o'clock in the morning till one in the afternoon, when Colonel Seculi on account of the great superiority of the enemy, was obliged to retire to Rheinbellen.
The Prussians lost 32 men, the French 300.
LIEGE, March 13.
On the 2d and 4th inst. 40 persons were murdered in this city for being Aristocrates. The Jacobins began to think of the bloody scenes of the 10th of August. Seven hundred persons were to have been murdered here, & the Committee sent from Liege to Maastricht (which the French flattered themselves to take) for the purpose of discovering and murdering all the emigrants from Liege!
PETERSBURGH, (Rus.) Feb. 4.
Our victorious armies are putting themselves in motion to go against the French regicides. A formidable fleet, commanded by the intrepid admiral Ribas, will immediately pass through the straits of Dardanelles, and proceed to attack Marseilles. The celebrated General Suwarrow will embark in the same fleet, with a body of troops destined to make a descent. Prince Imerette is in full march at the head of 20,000 cossacks and calmoucs, and 5,000 hussars, to join the combined army. They will be followed, as we are assured, by another body of regular troops.
PARIS, March 21.
NATIONAL CONVENTION.
Letter from Valence to Dumourier.
"GENERAL,
"A violent blow on my right arm prevents my writing myself. The infantry having, as you know, been repulsed twice, I myself charged the enemy at the head of my cavalry: I passed through a body of the enemy, and received three sabre cuts on the head, one of which, that is however, I am told, not mortal, has thrown my scalp over my eyes. I am going to Bruxelles, where I hope to learn, that nothing has happened to you. If the left had not given way, the right could have stood firm. I am still in hopes of assisting you if my wounds permit me yet to follow you in this campaign.
(Signed)
VALENCE."
After the reading of the despatches from General Dumourier and Valence, Marat cried out, "This is still the artifice of treacherous chiefs: when unsuccessful they attempt to hide their misconduct by calumniating the patriotic soldiery. If any thefts have been committed, it is because they have been misled by their treacherous officers." Murmurs interrupted Marat; he, however, raising his voice, said, "this is the moment to tear the veil; we have no disciplined troops to give battle"—Murmurs recommenced with more violence. "Let him," said Mazuyer, "vomit the indecencies and the venom which devours him!" "My aim," continued Marat, "is to save the republic. We ought to confine ourselves to the defence of our own territory, and I ask to be added to the committee of general defence, to communicate a plan, the execution of which will render us invulnerable." The President observed, that every member was at liberty to communicate his sentiments to any of the committees.
Leconte Puyraveau added: "Observe that the same man who not long since proclaimed, that the convention could not save the republic because part
had not the will and the other portion not the power, tells us to day, that we have neither generals nor troops to oppose our enemies. What would he lead us to?"
After some opposition a letter just received by a courier extraordinary from Marseilles, was read, nearly as follows:
"Ye who voted for an appeal to the people, your perfidy is at its height. It is in vain that you have expected the success of your base intrigues with tyrants, leagued against you, it only deepens the grave which will swallow up all traitors. Fly the sanctuary which you have too often polluted with your foul breath. Leave it to the true friends of liberty to save the republic. The administrative bodies of Marseilles, the sections and the popular societies acknowledge in the convention none but that guardian mountain, which will, with us, secure the triumph of the republic. Fly monitors, or dread the effects of the vengeance of a people who rise for a third time, and whose cry is Liberty or Death."
The commissioners sent to visit the ports from l'Orient to Bayonne, write from Rochefort, on the 18th, that the rebels having dared to attack General Malse, at the head of 1300 men with seven pieces of cannon, had been put to flight, leaving one hundred men on the field. We have had but seven wounded. Gen. Malse is about pursuing, with a reinforcement of 2000 men, the rebels as far as Nantz, the communication of which place with Antwerp is still interrupted. The rebels are commanded by Gaston, Saint-Hermaine, and Verteuil. The commissioners announce fresh reinforcements from Bourdeaux, &c.
March 23. A member informed, that as soon as the news of the rebellion in the department of Deux Seures and Vendee reached Bourdeaux, 800 men marched to their relief with 4 pieces of cannon, from that city.
TROUBLES IN THE DEPARTMENT OF VENDÉE.
The administrators bring an account of the troubles and devastations in the two departments of Deux Seures and Vendee. It is not, said the orator, mere partial insurrections, it is not a handful of rebels, that the patriots could easily disperse, but real counter-revolutionary armies. They recruited among us, but it appears that they formed themselves in the department of lower Loire. They march in two columns, one towards the district of Challans and that of Sables, and the other to Montaigu. Between these two main bodies are others less considerable.—One Gaston is the commander in chief. One hundred gallant inhabitants of Fontenay dared to attack at St. Fulgent, 6000 of the rebels. They could not be successful, 17 fell on the spot. The city of Chantenay has been attacked, taken and pillaged by the revolted. About this time General Mace arrived at St. Hermand. He attacked the rebels and killed 100 men. The 18th his army rested; the 19th he took a bad position, was attacked and put totally to flight. Our defeat was such that we left 74 or 80 wounded to the mercy of the counter-revolutionists.
The commissioners of the Convention have deposed Mace, and appointed Col. Boulard in his stead, who is busy in endeavouring to gather the scattered remains of our army.
Another administrator adds, that numerous rebels have been landed by English privateers; that they consist of emigrants and non-juring priests, who, the crucifix in their hand, inspire with a spirit of fanaticism the unfortunate inhabitants of the country to such a degree, that they, with no other arms than spades and pitchforks, stand the fire of the cannon, and think they attain a place in heaven by dying in such a cause.
The administrators concluded by asking for officers in whom the national guards can confide, muskets, cannon, ammunition and provisions, and succour for 300 families who have lost their chiefs.
On motion, 1,200,000 livres was decreed to the relief of those departments. As to measures of protection, the subject was referred to the committees of naval concerns and general defence.
It is worthy of remark, that since the first checks of the French armies, the commissioners of the Temple testify a stronger regard towards their prisoners.—It is even said, that some proposals have been hazarded by them, to which the Queen's mother replied with her usual dignity, "I will receive no favor from those who have wrested every thing from me."
By letters from the lower Loire of the 19th, it appears, that the rebels are masters of the whole country round Nantes, which city is in a manner besieged; the communications are interrupted;—they call for immediate assistance. They announce that the chief of the rebels, the number of whom they state at about 40,000, is one Delaperriere; that he has sent various proposals to the city of Nantes, for he has declared not to acknowledge the authority of the department and of the district; he has much threatened, if he is not assisted in sup- porting a kind of constitution which he presented, in which he calls for the dismissal of the constitutional clergy and diminution of taxes. The administrators promise and swear to remain firm at their posts. They have resolved, as the only answer to the rebels, that court martial shall attend each body of troops that should march against them, to judge those taken, and immediately execute sentence.
L O N D O N, April 3.
At a late hour last night, we received an express from our correspondent at the Hague, dated March 31st. with the agreeable intelligence of the final retreat of the French army under Gen. Dumourier, into France, by Valenciennes and Lisle, without further struggle.
Antwerp, Mons, and Namur, have all surren-
dered. The French soldiers of those garrisons have permission to return to France.
Private letters from Constantinople state, that a conspiracy has been detected at the Ottoman court.—The French had, by presents and promises, corrupted the greatest part of the Turkish ministry, and endeavored to induce them to murder the grand signior. Every thing had already been so concerted, that his sublime highness was to be strangled, and war declared against Austria and Russia.
The Russian charge d'affaires at Constantinople, had the good fortune to discover the whole of the plot, and to give timely notice of it to the sultan. All the accomplices were instantly strangled, and many Frenchmen, who even had but the remotest concern in it, were declared outlaws, and their property was confiscated. Every assurance of peace and good understanding was then given to our court and to that of Petersburg. The internuncio, who was about a year ago at that court, was among the conspirators, and has received his due reward.
Yesterday despatches from Holland were received at the secretary of state's office, the substance of which we understand to be—
That the garrisons of Breda and Gertruydenberg surrendered by capitulation on the 28th ult. that the troops of the Batavian legion in both places, were included in the capitulation on the same terms with the French, and that both were allowed to march out with the honors of war, and take the route for France.
The same despatches add, that advices had been received from Brussels, dated the 29th, at which time it was known there that Dumourier having lost his post at Halle, was continuing his retreat to Valenciennes, and that the Austrians had taken possession of Antwerp, Namur and Mons.
Two regiments of French emigrants are said to be raised in England. Commanders, marquis de Choiseul, and the duke d'Harcourt.
General Dumourier has requested of General Clairfayt, a truce and conference—the request was answered—"Prepare yourself for battle, I am after you."
General Custine, on the 20th March, attacked near Stormberg, a party of 500 Prussians, and defeated them. The Prussians, however, fought with obstinacy and effect.
April 5. Yesterday afternoon, Capt. Hawes, of the second Nancy cutter, belonging to Deal, arrived in St. Margaret's bay, with despatches from Ostend for Admiral McBride. The cutter left Ostend at 11 o'clock on Thursday night, and brings most important intelligence. We understand, that Dumourier is arrived at Lisle with his forces, and that he had scarce made his appearance, before M. Bourdonville and five commissioners from the convention, had come down with orders to bring him up a prisoner to Paris. Dumourier did not follow the example of La Fayette; he resisted the order of the Convention, and having felt the pulse of his army, arrested the commissioners and sent them to the Prince of Cobourg, as hostages for the safety of the Queen and Royal family. He then proclaimed the young Louis King, at the head of the army, and sent a dispatch to Paris, intimating his determination to proceed immediately thither, and support the claim of the Dauphin to the throne of his ancestors; as from the conduct of the convention, he saw at length that France could not be saved by a general resistance to their horrid tyranny. Such is the report that has come to our ears of this important dispatch; and which we give literally as we have received it. It is added, that in consequence of the news of Dumourier's defeat, and of the violent measures taken by the convention, the tumult in Paris has risen to the most extravagant height. The parties had actually come to blows, the barriers were shot, the white flag, with a mourning cap over it, was flying in the streets, and numbers of people had mounted the white cockade.
The news from the provinces were of the same kind. The royal party had triumphed everywhere, and now that Dumourier had declared for the same cause, there was no doubt but they would put a speedy end to the confusion, the tyranny and the calamities of the kingdom.
The same despatches bring an account, that a body of Austrian troops had at length entered Ostend, and satisfied the inhabitants, that they had nothing further to dread from the French troops hovering about the vicinity; and by this supply, the place, so critically opened by the spirited exertions of Admiral McBride, was rendered more secure, so that trade will revert into its accustomed channel.
Besides the above particulars, intelligence has been received, that the merchants and principal inhabitants of Dunkirk are ready to deliver up that place to the royal party, and have sent a boat to Admiral McBride, requesting him to send over two frigates to take possession of the town.
By a passenger on board the packet from Ostend, who had dexterously made his way from Paris to that place, we learn, that affairs at Paris were on the 26th ult. in a state of much concealed disquiet, but without any burst. The provinces were still pregnant with tumult, and the news of Dumourier's defeat had thrown all Paris into such a consternation, that it was impossible to foretell what extravagant horrors might be the result.
Lieutenant Dickson, of the second Nancy cutter, early this morning brought despatches of the utmost importance to the Admiralty, relating to the above intelligence, which has been forwarded by Admiral McBride.
Dover, March 25. I beg leave to acquaint you, that there is an account received here from Ostend,

that the French have been entirely defeated by the Austrians on the 22d inst. near Louvain, and that the former are flying in all directions. The particulars have not yet transpired, but the number of killed and wounded, it is said, are inconceivable, among the latter general Dumourier.
This morning a boat arrived express from Ostend, which brought an account of a decisive action having happened between the Austrians and the French, near St. Tron, in which the latter have been totally defeated, with the loss of 40,000 men, and 30 or 40 pieces of artillery; that Dumourier was wounded; and that the French are retiring from the Netherlands with the utmost precipitation.
HAGUE, April 3.
Subsequent to Capt. Benick's route through this place from the Austrian army, we have received authentic advice, that on Dumourier's retreat to Lisle and Valenciennes, a general spirit of revolt had shewn itself in the garrisons of Gertruydenberg and Breda. He declares, "that his fatal overthrow, on the 22d and 23d of last month, was imputable only to treachery, which had been instilled through his line, by the arts of the encroaching aristocracy in the national convention." Being tolerably secure, however, in the fortress of Lisle, with 18,000 picked men, in whom he can confide, he will probably take some time to reflect, before he risks an other action in favour of the Convention banditti; it is now more probable, that he may open the gates to the sound of Vive le Roi! than to march out of them again to the tune of Ca-Ira! He acknowledged to have lost 7000 men in the affair of la Mantagne de Fer; the greatest part of which fell in flight, when the Prince de Cobourg, at the head of the Austrian cavalry, fell upon his rear, and harried it for eight miles in its retreat. The general commanders agree that Dumourier acquitted himself ably and valiantly; the prince de Cobourg in a letter to the Duke of York, states, that his conduct displayed, through the whole day, a chief d'œuvre of military tactics!"
UNITED STATES.
BOSTON, May 9.
Extract of a letter from an American Captain, now at Havre de Grace, to a respectable merchant in this town, dated March 16.
"You doubtless have a more particular account of the war than I can give you. The French have now in actual service six hundred thousand men, besides the national guards of each city, under excellent discipline. Notwithstanding the accounts you may receive from England and Holland, which are void almost altogether of truth, Holland must be in possession of the French in three or four months."
We are informed there are letters in town from respectable characters in London, of a late date, which mention, that Mr. Pitt had informed the house of commons that there was a prospect of matters being accommodated with France, and that he acknowledged the French fleet to be superior to the English.
How far these accounts are to be credited we pretend not to say—but the following paragraph, from a London paper by the last arrival, will perhaps give an explanation of the matter.
"The King of Prussia has demanded a categorical answer of our court, whether it is their intention to join spiritedly with the combined powers for re-establishing monarchy in France. And in case they should not, it was his determination immediately to withdraw himself with his force from the field, and to retire to his own dominions."
PHILADELPHIA, May 20.
By an arrival at this port yesterday, in 12 days from Antigua, we learn that a British fleet, consisting of two 90 gun ships, and five 74's, under the command of Admiral Gardner, arrived at Barbadoes the 25th ult.—also, that a fleet of five sail of the line has arrived at Martinique from France.
A letter from Amsterdam dated the 5th April says, certain intelligence had been received there, that two Commissioners had been sent from Paris with orders to conduct Gen. Dumourier thither—that he, apprized of the design, had seized the Commissioners and sent them to the Imperialists; that the French army had mounted the white cockade and were marching to Paris, to restore the old monarchy, &c. &c. The Leyden Gazette of the same date makes no mention of these events—the account therefore is, most probably, premature.
KNOXVILLE, April 20.
On the 15th inst. a party of Lieut. Ledford's rangers, on the south side of Holstein, in the dusk of the evening, vigilant in pursuit of some Creeks who were on the frontiers, under the command of young Laffy, fell in with two Indians, on horse, with arms, whom they fired on, and killed one; who proved to be the Noon Day, a Cherokee of Toquoa.
At the interview which his excellency governor Blount had with John Watts the Hanging Maw, and other chiefs, at Henry's station, on the 6th instant, he pointed out to them the necessity there was for rangers being kept out for the protection of the frontiers, against the Creeks; admitted the claim of the Cherokees to lands on the north side of the Tennessee; but recommended to them to forbear to carry arms on that part which lay above the mouth of Clinch, until all matters should be settled; and informed them, that in case any of their people had business in the settlements, they must come along
the paths that led directly from the town; that none should bring guns, except to be repaired, and in that case the persons bringing them should have a certificate from the Hanging Maw. And instructed a white man who resides at the Hanging Maw's, to write such certificates, when wanted.
Devoutly as it is to be wished, that all hostile Indians should share the fate of the unfortunate Noon Day, yet his is to be lamented, as he is represented to have conducted himself peaceably during the late troubles.
Notwithstanding the assurances of peace, the Creeks have given the United States, thro' Mr. Seagrove, undoubted information is received, that upwards of six hundred have lately passed the Cherokee lower towns for war against the United States; and that many more are daily expected there.
The Cherokees have given many proofs of their disapprobation of the conduct of the Creeks. They appear sincerely disposed for peace. John Watts, in his late visit to governor Blount, was explicit and clear on that head.
Alexander McGillivray of the Creeks, is DEAD: So say the Cherokee accounts. This idolized chief of the Creeks styled himself King of Kings. But, alas, he could neither restrain the meanest fellow of his nation from the commission of a crime, nor punish him after he had committed it!—He might persuade or advise—all the good an Indian King or Chief can do.
MARTINSBURG, MAY 27.
In the action between the French troops and the combined armies, on the 18th March, 120,000 men, it is said, were engaged. Both sides suffered much. The British account acknowledges the loss of the combined armies to be 1000 killed, 3000 wounded; but state the French to be 7000 in killed, wounded and missing; besides 32 pieces light artillery.
The cause of France is the cause of Universal Liberty, and notwithstanding the paltry contracted principles which govern particular persons scattered thro' the several States, it is presumed that every friend to the "Rights of Man," in America, will constantly feel an attachment for their French brethren, and not suffer the partial interest of a few Aristocrats, to influence our conduct with respect to them. Let it be remembered, that Dumourier is contending the cause both of Europe and America, and GOD grant him success.
As the events of the present war naturally will occupy the public mind, we think it may not be unpleasing to our readers, if we lay before them an account of the Kings, Princes, and States, engaged against the Republic of France—they are, The King of Great-Britain, The Empress of Russia, The Emperor of Germany, as King of Hungary and Bohemia.
The Archduke of Austria, Brabant, &c.
The Electors of Metz, Treves, and Hanover, individually,
The King of Spain,
The King of Sardinia,
The King of Prussia,
The States General of Holland, &c.
The Republic of Hamburg,
The Republic of Lubec,
The Republic of Bremen,
The Prince Bishop of Liege,
The Duke of Pons,
The Prince of Hesse Cassel,
The Duke of Brunswick Lunenburgh.
A combination, which for extent of dominion, wealth and power, is without example in the annals of mankind.
NEUTRALITY.
Men of desperate fortunes—Envious Beings, who cannot bear to see others richer or happier than themselves, Levellers, Idlers and Speculators, are now bellowing out in some places, and hinting in others, for WAR! or for any thing, so the present order of things is overturned. While our industrious Merchants, Farmers and Mechanics, are heartily praying, that the blessings of Peace may long, ever long, be continued in our land. They have the evidence of experience, in the politic maxims of the Dutch, for their guide; and they will to attend to its maxims. They feel however, satisfied that the sober sense of the United States, is not to be misled by fulsome declamations, and empty professions of gratitude: They know that their rulers are wise, and are well informed of the things which make for their country's prosperity; and that they will pursue them. They have already experienced sufficient days of confusion and warfare. It is now their turn to witness days of tranquillity—to live in peace—to enjoy the fruits of their industry, toil and ingenuity—to rejoice and to be merry—singing in the words of a trite, but true old song.
"Rejoice, Columbia's sons: good times are a coming.
We'll have peace and plenty, but we'll have no drumming."
Extract of a letter from Bennington (Vermont) May 7.
"His excellency Governor Simcoe is erecting a new line of forts, in consequence of which our Western posts will probably be given up."
Departed this life on the 18th inst. (May) John Hall, carpenter, of Berkeley County, Virginia; he has left a widow and a small family; his eldest son, William Hall, left his father about the beginning of May, and has not been heard of since. The said William Hall, if he comes home, will, in the present circumstance be of great service unto the widow and family.
John Kearsley
Has just opened at his Store in Sherburne's Town.
A very large and general Assortment of
Merchandize,
Which he will sell on the lowest Terms, for Cash, or Country Produce.
SUPERFINE Broadcloths,
Double milled drabs, and a variety of other cloths,
White cassimere, sea green, and various other colours,
Nankeens, plain and striped of all kinds,
Jeans, jennets and fustians of all colours and prices,
Twilled thicksets and velvets,
Satinets and everlastings,
Flannels and baizes, worsted ribs of the newest fashion, and jacket patterns of all kinds,
Silk stockings and cotton do. of all prices, figured and plain,
Silk gloves, mits and every other kind of mits and gloves,
Stuff shoes, men's and women's leather do.
Ladies' chip hats of the newest fashion, ribbons and fans,
Changeable mantuas and lute strings, flate coloured patafusa,
A variety of black silks and farsinets of different colours,
Mussins of every kind from the lowest price to the finest,
Plain and checked tamboured aprons and handkerchiefs,
Callicoes and chintzes of all kinds and prices, from England, France, and East-Indies,
Cambricks and lawns, coarse and fine,
Irish linen of all qualities,
Russia sheetings of all kinds,
Scotch sheeting and Irish do.
Dowlas, coarse and fine,
Silk handkerchiefs of all colours,
Cotton, linen, and check do.
Moreens, tabareens and durants of all colours,
Apron-check, striped Holland, Russia bed-ticking, white and striped of all prices,
Gown and haband crapes, painted covering for tables,
Looking glasses assorted,
Wool and cotton cards,
Oznaburgs and ticklenburgs of all qualities and prices,
German best steel plate mill saws, and crosscut do.
Hand, tenant, pannel and compas do.
Files of almost every kind, sheet brass, German steel and blister do. coffee mills assorted,
Saddlery assorted, screw augers of all sizes, hinges of all kinds,
Anvils and vices, with a general assortment of iron-mongery,
Port and white wines, spirits, rum, whisky and brandy,
Loaf and brown sugars, tea of all kinds, coffee, chocolate,
Raisins, almonds and lemons,
Powder, shot, lead and flints,
Red chalk, white do. and verdigrise,
Bibles, testaments, spelling books, primers and histories assorted,
Brushes of various kinds, whips of different sorts, and snuff of all kinds,
A large assortment of China and Queen's Ware,
Soal and upper leather by wholesale and retail, harness do.
Calf, kip, sheep skins, and morocco do. &c. &c. &c.
Also for sale, a large quantity of seasoned PINE PLANK.
In short, finding it impossible to enumerate the Articles in the Bounds of an Advertisement, all who wish to purchase Goods are requested to call and see them.
TWO DOLLARS REWARD.
STRAYED from the Subscriber's pasture, about six weeks ago, a black Mare, between 13 and 14 hands high, had no shoes on when she went away, her hoofs much worn, very low on the withers, trots, paces, and gallops, her age not known but supposed to be above twelve years, her back has been much hurt with the cart saddle, but was well before she strayed. Whoever brings said Mare to me, shall have the above reward.
ALEXANDER MITCHELL.
Shepherd's-Town, May 17, 1793.
George Gale,
RETURNS his grateful acknowledgments to his friends and the public, for the encouragement he has met with since his commencement at BATH; he keeps at the same house, which is to be known by the sign of Private Entertainment this year. He takes the liberty to inform his customers, that he has an excellent house-keeper and cook. His attention shall be minute and pointed, and every exertion in his power shall be to please them, and to deserve the countenance and patronage of the public.
Warm-Springs, May 26, 1793.

SEAT OF THE MUSES.
On DUMOURIER's entering AMSTERDAM.
HARK! hark! 'tis the Trumpet of Liberty sounds, The prowess of France it proclaims; Her Hero still conquers; his glory resounds, And Heaven still seconds his aims.
Ye foes to Democracy, hide your mean heads! Sink down to the Night you admire; The splendour which heaven-born Liberty sheds, To view, you can never aspire.
Like owls at the light of the planet of day, You blink—but you dare not do more; Your optics if open'd the whole to survey, Their Vision would ever be o'er!
Blind—blind as the earth-worm, which symbols your souls, Go!—grovel forever in dirt! Enslav'd by the meannels which ever controuls The timid, slave glorying heart!
But hail! ye bless'd sons of Columbia's Clime! Ye Gallican heroes—all hail! The time is approaching—the heavenly time, When freedom o'er all shall prevail.
See—noble DUMOURIER! darling of Fame! The thunder of Freedom he bears! The D spots of Europe turn pale at his name, And shudder whene'er he appears!
Oh! still may he conquer—'till Freedom and Peace, United, preside o'er the world! May Monarchy perish!—may slavery cease! And faction to Satan be hurl'd!
AN ALEXANDRIAN.
May 14. 1793.
WHEREAS some time since, I gave four bonds to Frederick Heifner, three for forty-five pounds, one payable the first day of May next, the other for forty pounds, in three annual pay- ments, but as the said Heifner has not comply'd with the terms of the agreement for which the said bonds were given, I hereby forewarn any person from taking any assignment thereon, as I am deter- mined not to pay it unless compelled thereto by law. FREDERICK STIP.
FOR SALE,
157 acres of good LAND, lying in Berkeley County, within two miles of Shepherd's Town. The land may be considered as well improved;— there are about eighty acres cleared and under good fence, a good Stone House, good Barn and Stables. For terms apply to the Subscriber, living on the premises.
JACOB WILLIAMSON.
March 23, 1793.
To be rented by the Subscriber, and possession given this day,
A convenient STONE HOUSE, 43 and half by 30 feet, (rented by rooms or the whole house)—there is a good well of water on the lot of said house. The Subscriber will sell the above house, and several others, very cheap, if two thirds of the money is paid down; the other third will be waited for perhaps as long as a purchaser would chuse;—the latter houses, one of brick, 25 feet by 20, two story; one a square log house, 24 feet by 20, two story; one ditto, 30 feet by 14, one and half story, with stables, kitchens, gardens, &c.— the whole of the houses situate in Martinsburg, on Burke-Street, and are all convenient to said well of water (a privilege which will belong to all the said houses).
ALSO FOR SALE,
500 acres of exceeding good Land, on Elk River, in the County of Harrison. Good ti- tles will be given for the said premises.
All Persons are desired to settle their private debts with the Subscriber for medicine.
ROBERT WILCOX.
Martinsburg, Berkeley County, Virginia, April 15, '93.
TO BE SOLD,
One Sixth part of that Tract of Land known by the name of General Lee's, which was de- vised by the late General Lee to Eleazar Oswald. Inquire of the Printer.
May 14, 1793.
Land in Berkeley, FOR SALE.
ABOUT 1150 acres, adjoining the land of Mr. James Strode, within three miles of Martins- burg, being the greater part of a tract granted by the late Proprietor of the Northern Neck, to George William Fairfax, for 1700 and odd acres, and called by the name of Poplar Spring.
There are leases for eight tenements upon this Land, two of them have but one life each (one very old) four others have each two lives, and the re- maining two have three lives. The terms of sale may be known by applying to
FERDINANDO FAIRFAX.
Berkeley, Shannon hill, April 22, 1793.
To be sold or rented, on reasonable terms, and may be entered on immediately,
200 acres of good Land, 50 cleared, and a small quantity of meadow made, and 8 or 10 acres more may be made, and watered the most part of the summer season. This land is well timbered, and known to be good for any kind of grain. There are on said plantation two tenements, one of which is a square log-house, 20 by 16 feet, and a shingle roof, a good convenient garden, and a never-failing spring, about five rod from the door; this land is very convenient for water for cattle, it being in eve- ry held the most part of the summer.—This place lays within two miles of the Warm Springs, where they have a good market for any produce, and with in one mile of a good grist-mill and saw-mill, and within four miles of the Potowmac, whence they may take any kind of produce to any place on that river, at a small expence. On this tract are two small orchards, one of which appears to be loaded with apples and cherries. Any person inclining to purchase or rent, may know the terms, by applying to Mr. JONATHAN JONES, adjoining the premises, or to me at MARTINSBURG, near Edward Beason's mill.
PATRICK M'KELVIE.
Berkeley County, Virginia, May 13, 1793.
HARP AND CROWN TAVERN.
Florence Mahony,
RETURNS his grateful acknowledgments to his friends and the public, for the great en- couragement he has met with since his commence- ment at this house—his liquors are excellent—his attention to his customers shall be minute and point- ed—and every exertion in his power will be made to please them, and to deserve the countenance and patronage of the public.
Martinsburg, April 6, 1793.
WHEREAS a Bond for thirty pounds, Pennsylva- nia currency, was, on the first day of April, 1792, given by the subscriber, to Martin Helm, of Martinsburg, payable April 1, 1793—at the time of signing said bond I made him payment of three pounds, like currency, for which he gave a receipt on said bond, but the credit has since been erased; this day I paid said Helm the balance of said bond before witness, and demanded it of him, which he refused to deliver: Therefore, I caution all persons from taking an assignment of said bond, as I am de- termined not to pay it unless compelled thereto by law.
GEORGE BINCKLEY.
May 4. 1793.
Subscriptions for a German News- Paper, printed at Frederick-Town, by M. BARTGIS, are received by the Prin- ter hereof.
NOTICE TO DISTILLERS,
THAT all Liquors removed in any manner whatever from any Distill-House, without a Certificate previously had therefor, is liable to sei- zure—blank Certificates for such removal are deli- vered by the Subscriber, free of expense.
NICHOLAS ORRICK, C. E.
April 25, 1793.
SCHEME OF A LOTTERY,
 1 Prize £ 475 0 0  1 do. 250 0 0  1 do. 100 0 0  1 do. a Horse, Saddle and Bridle, 14 8 3  10 do. Mens' Saddles, at 50s. 25 0 0  10 do. do. at 45s. 22 10 0  30 do. 60 Collars, at 7s. 21 0 0  30 do. 60 blind Bridles, at 6s. 19 10 0  15 do. 30 half curb Bridles, at 8s. 12 10 0  10 do. 30 shaffle do. at 8s. 9 0 0  6 do. 6 pair neat Boots, at 45s. 13 10 0  30 do. 60 pair good Shoes, at 10s. 30 0 0  4 do. 4 Women's handsome Saddles, at 90s. 18 0 0  12 do. 36 common chairs, well finish'd at 4s. 7 4 0  12 do. 24 chopping axes, at 10s. 12 0 0  2 do. 2 sets Plow Irons, at 37s. 3 15 0  6 do. 12 pair Waggon Chains, at 9s. 5 19 0  12 do. 12 new Tables (neat) 9 0 0  3 do. 6 new Ploughs, at 7s. 2 5 0  25 do. 200 Flour Barrels, at 1/10s. 18 15 0  50 do. 50 Wool Hats, at 6s. 30 0 0  14 do. 24 Roram Hats, at 30s. 36 0 0  22 do. 24 Screw Locks, at 8s. 10 10 0  34 do. 102 gallons Whisky, at 25s. 25 0 0  546 do. Cash, at 13s. each, 329 17 6 
£.1500 3 9
2667 Tickets, at 11s. 3d. each, - - £.1500 3 9
TO THE PUBLIC.
THE Subscriber flattered himself from his for- mer address, accompanied with a Scheme of a Lottery which he then apprehended was well calcu- lated for purchasers; but having after trial found that the price of the Tickets were higher than many people thought proper to risk, and being ad- vised by his friends to sell the same property in the manner known by the above scheme, being about two blanks to a prize, and desirous to encourage home-made manufactures, has intermixed among the Prizes a number of valuable articles made in this country, at cash price.
The highest prize contains a genteel Brick House, 46 feet long and 18 feet wide, in which there are three rooms neatly finished, with a commodious kitchen and garret; also a cellar under the same, 30 by 18 feet. Said House fronts New Street, and the stream of water that runs through Mecklenburg (commonly called Shepherd's Town) runs under said building. The area of this prize contains 71 square feet.
The second prize is a Stone Malt-House, 50 feet long and 24 feet wide, well finished, and the situ- ation calculated for the business; also, a Brew-House, 36 by 24 feet; they are both under one roof, but separated by said stream; at the lower end is a va- cancy of 10 by 24 feet.
The third prize contains a Frame House, 18 by 16 feet, has a cellar under it, fronts New-Street, 33 feet, and thence runs with King-Street, 71 feet, which renders it a valuable corner. These Prizes lye near the centre of Shepherd's Town. The ap- praisement of said property is so reduced, that any enquiring person cannot help observing that they are rated at under value.
The Subscriber hopes for encouragement to this proposal, as the Tickets are so low, being only at half the price of his former scheme, and a number of other chances than were formerly proposed.
The Lottery is intended to be drawn in a few days, as most of the Tickets are sold and enga- ged. The possessors of Tickets in the former scheme are requested immediately to bring them in to be exchanged, as from the present rapid sale of the Tickets they may probably be excluded.
The cash prizes, &c. will be paid immediately af- ter drawing the Lottery, and deeds granted for the real property prizes at same time. Gentlemen of character are appointed to superintend the drawing of the Lottery.
Any of the articles mentioned in the Scheme a- bove, will be received for Tickets, at cash price.
THOMAS WHITE.
Shepherd's Town, May 10, 1793. Tickets are sold and exchanged, at the Print- ing Office, Martinsburg.
For Sale, at this Office, Blank Deeds of Bargain and Sale, Common Bonds and Notes, Magistrates' Summons.