The Patowmac guardian, and Berkeley advertiser (Shepherdstown, Va. [W. Va.]), 1791-02-22 00:00:00

The PATOWMAC GUARDIAN, and BERKELEY ADVERTISER.
PRICE TWO DOLLARS PER ANN.]
T U E S D A Y, FEBRUARY 22, 1791.
[NUMBER 15 OF VOL. I.]
WHERE LIBERTY DWELLS, THERE IS MY COUNTRY.
Franklin.
FROM THE GAZETTE OF THE UNITED STATES.
A Letter from Joseph to his Friend Aminadab, on the Exemption of the Quakers from the Militia Service, &c.
MY DEAR FRIEND AMINADAB,
I HAVE to return thee my thanks for the Memorial thou hast sent me, and which our Society have caused to be presented to the Congress of the United States. I like it well, because it savoreth much of our carnal interest, and is expressive of that subtle policy which is known to guide our tender consciences. Surely we ought to be exempted from the dangers, fatigues, and expences of the militia-service, because we have, in general, been such tried friends to the independence of this country, and our conduct hath been so truly patriotic, as to merit every encouragement and distinction.
It gives me also great pleasure, friend Aminadab, to see our great men pay such attention to our Memorial, and spend whole days in debating thereon: Verily, the light will arise, and we shall be quite happy, in sitting quietly under our own Vines and Fig-Trees, in having our lives and property protected, while others will be called out to the field of slaughter, and obliged to fight with the savages, in defence of our lands and possessions. This will be true Quakerism, and if not quite agreeable to the written word, yet altogether consonant to the dictates of that Monitor within our bosoms, which warneth us to take care of ourselves, and to avoid all concern with ungodly quarrels and dissensions.
I know the carnal man objecteth to our peaceable Spirit, and maintaineth the doctrine of war and self-defence, so contrary to our interest and personal safety. Hence it therefore is, that we are often told, that being a part of the very same community, and receiving the advantages of defence and protection, we are bound to bear our proportion of the public burdens; and that we ought not to be indulged with an exemption from these services, because a too great extension of our principles might endanger the very existence of government. Thus it sadly grieveth us to find, there is no living upon earth without wars and fightings.
To me, Aminadab, it seemeth strange, that men should make use of scripture arguments in defence of military establishments; for they tell us, that Wars have been and will be, in all ages, to the end of time; that the great Melchizedek met Abraham, the father of the faithful, when he returned from the slaughter of the Kings, and blessed him, which he would not have done, had he been engaged in an unlawful action; that the profession of a soldier, or militia-man is no where forbidden, or condemned in scripture:—When the Baptist was interrogated by the soldiers, as to their conduct, he said unto them, do violence to no man, neither accuse any falsely, and be content with your wages. In which reply, we do not find that in order to prepare themselves for the reception of the kingdom of God, it was required of soldiers to relinquish their profession, but only that they should beware of the vices, of which that profession was accused. The precept which follows, "be content with your wages," supposes them to continue in their situation.
How great was the encomium pronounced by the saviour of mankind on the Roman Centurion, or Captain, "I have not found so great faith, no not in Israel." The first Gentile Convert who was received into the Christian Church, and to whom the Gospel was imparted, by the immediate and effectual direction of Heaven, held the same station; and in the history of this transaction, we discover not the smallest intimation, that Cornelius, upon becoming a Christian, quitted the service of the Roman Legion; that his profession was objected to, or his continuance in it considered, as in any wise, inconsistent with his new character.
It is also asserted by these carnal reasoners, that self-defence, both in individuals and society, is justifiable. Thus when our life is assailed, it becomes necessary for our preservation, to kill the assailant. This is evident in a state of nature unless it be shewn that we are bound to prefer the aggressor's life to our own; that is to say, to love our enemy better than ourselves, which can never be a debt of justice; nor any where appears to be a duty of charity.—This mode of reasoning is applied to nations, who are therefore led to oppose the violence of each other.
Thus, friend Aminadab, have I suggested to thee, some of the objections to our received opinions, to the end that thou mayest be enabled to answer them, with the meekness of wisdom, and shew the reasonableness of exempting the Quakers from bearing arms, because they live in an expectation of a kingdom of peace, wherein dwelleth righteousness. I will assure thee, good friend, that these subjects have lately mightily agitated my spirits, so that one day, being in a profound meditation thereon, I fell into a sleep by the fire side, setting in my elbow-chair: During the short time of my repose, methought I
saw before mine eyes a wide extended plain, on which were gathered together an innumerable multitude of people; and in the middle of this plain, I beheld a huge mountain, on which a great number of those people were endeavouring to ascend. While I considered these things, behold a venerable man stood by me, clothed in white raiment, whose affable, agreeable countenance encouraged me to enquire the meaning of the sight I was then contemplating. He informed me, that the huge mountain was called MOUNT-EXEMPTION, and that the persons ascending the same, were the professors of various religious denominations. Observing to my good genius, that these sectaries were so numerous as to cover the mountain, he said, that it could not be wondered at, since by getting a place on the mountain, they were exempted from the fatigues and dangers of war, to which the poor folks beneath were exposed: He then gave me the following particulars, descriptive of these elect favourites, viz.
  Of the tribe of Quakers were exempted, 40,000   Of the tribe of Methodists were exempted, 40,000   Of the tribe of Menonists were exempted, 10,000   Of the tribe of Moravians were exempted, 50,000   Of the tribe of Dunkards were exempted, 50,000   100,000 
I then looked again, and behold! the Methodists were harmoniously chanting their Hymns of triumph, for the advantages they had received over the multitudes on the plain beneath, and their song was, O, be joyful! While the Menonists and Dunkards skipped like bearded Rams, and the Moravians like young sheep, around the mountain; but the Quakers, fearing that profane singing might hurt their tender consciences, testified their approbation, with such a strange dissonance of sounds, that the noise thereof awaked me out of sleep, and lo! it was a dream.
JOSEPH.
Elkton, the 7th day of the first month, 1791.
FROM THE GENERAL ADVERTISER.
MR. BACHE,
I HAPPENED lately to be in the company of several young ladies, where the following curious conversation took place:—
Sophia. Mercy on our poor Congress! I really fear that some of them will return home crack-brained or hysterical. Our body politic is so very sore, that it cannot bear to be handled, though ever so gently; every part cries, touch me not; Don't pull my hair, Sirrah, hallos one: You tread on my toes, squeals another: Your confounded elbow kicks my stomach, roars a third: I'll pay you for pulling a gentleman's nose, thunders the fourth. If Congress attempts a duty on rum and whisky, they are hissed, as if they would tax the milk of sucking babes. If Congress will teach our young men to defend their mothers and sweethearts, they are called pick-pockets and cutthroats.
Charlotte. Indeed I sincerely pity our national guardians. Their pupils are more whimsical than young girls, and some of them as froward as naughty boys. The militia act seems to displease every one. The great body of Quakers dislike it: The trades-people want exemption for their apprentices: The students expect immunity: The young farmers will not bear the burden alone. I suppose that we young women must learn the militia duty, and turn out with both musket and bayonet.
Thalesis. Upon my word, I long for this happy change of affairs. We shall then expunge the odious obey from the wedding ceremony. Should I ever be unlucky enough to get a husband, savage as an Indian, and strong as Goliath, I'll keep him quiet as a mouse, by flashing my gun in his face. Then, my girls, we shall first be absolute mistresses of our houses, and then in a very short time govern the state also. We shall in this western hemisphere set up a FEMALE EMPIRE, that shall laugh at all the male governments in the world.
Roxana. My dear girl, let me kiss you for that greatness of soul. Oh, may the glorious day soon dawn, when our sex shall be delivered from an ignominious slavery of 6000 years: a slavery founded upon the story of our first mother's earning a forbidden apple: a slavery exercised by pedants, sophists, blockheads, drones, drunkards, fops, gamesters, bloods, bigots, rakes, voluptuaries over the far more virtuous, sensible, lovely part of the human species. In fifty quarto volumes of ancient and modern history, you will not find fifty illustrious female names; heroes, statesmen, divines, philosophers, artists, are all of the masculine gender. And pray what have they done during this long period of usurpation? Busy they have been with a witness: They have written ten thousand unintelligible books: They have laboured 1000 years to establish erroneous items, and worked hard again for another 1000 years to pull them down: They have been cutting each other's throats all over the globe, and murdered at least one hundred millions
in quarrels about idols, titles, gold lace, nutmeg and rum: They have disputed for many centuries about the best form of government, without producing one good pattern—I boldly affirm, not one, not even in this country; because the federal constitution has the great defect of being too good, that is, of supposing more virtue in the people than they really have; or of supposing them wise, generous, brave, when they cannot see their own interest, when they love pelf, and hate martial exercises.
Thalesis. I am exceedingly pleased, my dear, with your congenial sentiments, and hope that we have 100,000 sisters in the United States. I anticipate the glorious day when American ladies shall be commanders, Presidents of Congress, Ambassadors, Governors, Secretaries of State, Professors, Judges, Preachers; when the golden age of the Poets, and the millennium of the Christians shall be realized in America.
Amelia. Yet ladies, you must in the execution of this splendid plan, employ the men, at least in subordinate parts.
Thalesis. Yes, yes, we will make them hewers of wood and drawers of water; they shall cook for us, make our shoes, knit our stockings, wash our linen, &c. &c. We shall perhaps employ some of them as pioneers and sutlers in our camps, meerquill drivers in the petty offices, door-keepers, messengers, sextons, and so forth.
Amelia. But will they submit to this inferiority.
Roxana. Inferior minds will be fitted for inferior stations. We shall keep the sword and the purse in our own hands. We shall moreover keep them ignorant and from infancy bend their mind to servility.
Amelia. But after all, is not woman made for man? and would you be the wife of such a pusillanimous creature? If not, how would you preserve this noble race of females, and the grand empire you talk of.
Thalesis. I confess you puzzle me. However, we must pick out the least defective males, or else import from Europe some of their best men, cost what it will.
Amelia. This would still be a very particular supply; nine in ten of the women must die old maids.
Roxana. It is so. We must make that use of the men which nature intended. I hope also, that this necessary evil will not spoil the offspring; because the great Linnæus has proved that we derive the mental part from our mothers. Admitting that the bodies of our children shall be the worse for the imbecility of their fathers, we can harden them by cold baths, exercise, &c.
Maria. My dear friends, your schemes are utopian. The laws of Providence are immutable: Man must do the rough work of society: Woman shines in the tender cares and elegant arts of domestic life. Let us carry a counter-petition to Congress signed by ten thousand fair Americans; let us boldly declare, that we will never marry a man who cannot, in case of need, protect us and our children.
The lady proceeded in sketching this petition; it was arranged within an hour, and is now circulating over the country for subscription: I shall shortly give you a copy of it.*
Your friend,
C.
* For the petition, see our last.
B O S T O N, January 15.
Capt. Crowninshield, who lately arrived at Salem from India, brought with him a Calcutta newspaper, from which the following is extr. Aed.
CALCUTTA, February 1, 1790.
TIPPOO and his MOTIONS—and we hope soon HIS FATE.
THE views and intention of the Tyrant of Mysore are at last unequivocal, having entered the country, and attacked the troops of the Rajah of Travancore; but the failure on this attempt bodes him no great success in future. He was repulsed by the aid of our troops stationed in the country of the Rajah, with the loss of 1300 of his men. This check may probably, for some time, suspend his operations, but cannot be supposed to induce him to relinquish them entirely: He has gone too far back to recede, and it is to be hoped he will soon urge his fate to its deserved issue, and by his final destruction, his country will be free from a cruel oppressor, and his neighbours from a restless and turbulent foe.
His hatred to the English he imbibed with his birth, and the rancorous sentiment has "grown with his growth, and strengthened with his strength;" the many atrocious injuries he has done them must nerve their arm to revenge the general cause; and the justice of Providence would be eminently displayed in rendering them the instruments of his punishment.
These hostilities of Tippoo will consequently occasion the movement of our troops on the coast,

and every good effect that can arise from prudence and exertion may be expected from the officer who at present commands in that quarter.
Our intelligence from Madras is uniform in the relation of Tippoo's late hostilities, and had it not been for the aid and exertions of our troops stationed there, his first attack might have been more successful.
When we consider that Tippoo is held in universal detestation, even by his own subjects, it may be thought no difficult task to effect the overthrow of the bold and daring usurper. He has indeed the appearance of a large army, but the principal ingredients are wanting to render it an effectual one—affection for their leader, and confidence in themselves: and it may be supposed that universal defection would follow the first instance of his bad fortune.
In Tippoo's late attack in the Travancore country, the commander of his detachment was slain—an officer in whom Tippoo had the greatest confidence; and after the action, according to the Eastern mode of treating their enemies, who are distinguished by their rank and bravery, his head was cut off and sent to the Rajah, who might then say, with Richard,
“So much for Buckingham.”
[At the Isle of France, Capt. Crowninshield saw a Madras paper of the 28th of April last, which contained the particulars of an action between Tippoo Saib and the King of Travancore; by which it appears that Tippoo had gained a victory; his troops furiously attacked the lines of the enemy, and forced them with a small loss. The English were marching a large body of troops to the assistance of their ally, the King of Travancore, who it seems had been attacked unexpectedly. After the capture of the Travancore lines, Tippoo was preparing to attack the English army on the road they were encamped. Tippoo's army, consisting of 150,000 men, were in high spirits; as well also the English army—both being confident of success. A furious battle was expected.]
L O N D O N, Nov. 27.
The exiled nobility of France are, in various quarters, planning schemes that may again restore to them their country, and all that is dear in it.—The Count d'Artois collects, and presides over this faithful, but dispersed band.
Dec. 3. It seems the object of Lord Cornwallis is to drive Tippoo Saib from the Throne. By marching three armies to one point, viz. Arcot, the capitol of the tyrant's usurped dominions, he takes the most certain and effectual means of accomplishing so desirable an event.
The chief inconvenience which our armies labour under in India, is the want of horse. The tyrant of Mysore can bring forty or fifty thousand into the field, and has been known to move with them at the rate of 50 or 60 miles a day.
When making one of those forced marches no order is preserved. The horsemen gallop on as fast as possible, regardless of their fellows. When the van has reached the place of rendezvous, it is formed, and the body is increased by others continually coming up. By this means a regular engagement is avoided, and our troops much harassed by the uncertain and rapid movements of the enemy.
United States.
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES OF THE UNITED STATES.
FRIDAY, January 28.
The Speaker communicated to the House a report of the Secretary of the Treasury, on the subject of the establishment of a Mint. Ordered, that 200 copies be printed for the use of the House.
On motion of Mr. Brown, the House resolved itself into a committee of the whole, and took into consideration the bill providing for the admission of Kentucky into the Union. Mr. Boudinot in the chair.
The chairman reported the bill to the House, without amendment. On motion, the bill was read the third time, and passed.
The House took into consideration the report of the joint committee in respect to the time when the next Congress shall commence its sessions.
The House, after some debate, agreed to the report; the first part of which states, that it will not be necessary for the new Congress to commence its session immediately after the 4th March.
The second part of the report proposes that the time for the annual meeting of Congress should be altered; a committee, consisting of Mr. Tucker, Mr. Lee, and Mr. Partridge, was appointed to report a bill for that purpose.
MONDAY, January 31.
Mr. Lawrance from the committee appointed for that purpose, reported a bill making appropriations for the support of government for the year 1791—which was read the first time.
Mr. Floyd, from the committee of enrolment, presented the enrolled bill, for erecting the district of Kentucky into a separate state.
The House in committee of the whole (Mr. Boudinot in the chair) took into consideration the bill to incorporate the subscribers to the Bank of the United States; and after some time spent therein, rose, and reported the same without amendment.—Ordered that the said bill be read a third time to-morrow.
Mr. Boudinot made the following motion, which was ordered to lie on the table: “Resolved, that,
during the remainder of the present session, no debate shall be admitted on the question for taking up the order of the day.”
The House then resolved itself into a committee of the whole (Mr. Boudinot in the chair) and proceeded to the consideration of the bill for the establishment of the post-office and post-roads; and after some time spent therein, rose, reported progress, and asked leave to sit again.
Adjourned.
TUESDAY, February 1.
A bill, making appropriations for the support of government for the year 1791, and for other purposes, was read the second time, and ordered to be engrossed, and read a third time to-morrow.
The bill sent from the Senate, entitled, an act to incorporate the subscribers to the Bank of the United States, was brought in engrossed, and read a third time; a motion was then made for recommitting the bill, which was negatived.
A member moved, that he had some communications to make to the House, of a secret nature, which made it necessary that the galleries should be cleared—and they were cleared accordingly.
TUESDAY, February 2.
The engrossed bill, making appropriations for the support of government during the year 1791, was read a third time and passed.
A message was received from the Senate, informing, that they had concurred in the bill declaring the assent of Congress to a certain act of the state of Maryland.
Mr. Floyd, from the committee of enrolment, informed the Speaker, that the said committee had this day presented the bill for erecting the district of Kentucky into a separate and independent state, to the President of the United States, for his approbation.
The House, pursuant to the order of the day, proceeded to the bill to incorporate the subscribers to the bank of the United States. On the question for passing the same, a long and interesting debate took place, and the House, not having come to a determination, adjourned.
THURSDAY, February 3.
Mr. Clymer presented the petition of sundry widows, creditors of the United States, praying that the whole of their debts may be funded at six per cent. which was read and ordered to lie on the table.
The bill to incorporate the subscribers to the Bank of the United States, was again taken up in the House in order to its being passed; a motion was made for recommitting the first section, which after some debate was negatived, ayes 21, noes 38; a lengthy and very interesting debate then ensued respecting the constitutionality of the Bank; an adjournment being called for, the House rose without coming to a decision.
FRIDAY, February 4.
Mr. Heister presented the petition of Andrew Holmes, praying compensation for services, in purchasing supplies for the army, which was read and referred to the Secretary of the Treasury.
A letter was received from the Secretary of State, enclosing a report on the subject of the Whale and Cod Fisheries which was read; and, on motion, the report and papers accompanying it were ordered to be communicated to the Senate.
SATURDAY, February 5.
On motion of Mr. Lawrance, the report of the Secretary of the Treasury, for establishing a mint, was ordered to be communicated to the Senate.
Agreeably to the order of the day, the bill, sent from the Senate, to incorporate the subscribers to the bank of the United States, was again taken up, and, on the question for passing the bill, the debates continued until the adjournment, and the House rose, without coming to a determination. Adjourned until 10 o'Clock on Monday.
MONDAY, February 7.
Sundry petitions were read and referred to the Heads of Departments.
On motion of Mr. Heister, the memorial of a number of the holders of loan-office certificates was referred to a select committee, consisting of Messrs. Heister, Sherman, Gerry, Benson and Gale.
Mr. White, from the committee appointed for that purpose, reported a bill to amend an act, entitled, an act to promote the progress of the useful arts, which was read a first time.
The House then, pursuant to the order of the day, proceeded to the Bank-Bill, and after some debate thereon, adjourned.
TUESDAY, February 8.
Mr. Tucker, from the committee appointed for that purpose, reported a bill to ascertain the time for the commencement of the next session of Congress, which was read the first and second time, and ordered to be engrossed and read a third time to-morrow.
A message was received from the Senate, informing the House that they had concurred in the bill, making appropriations for the support of government for the year 1791.
WEDNESDAY, February 9.
Mr. Huntington, from the committee appointed for that purpose, reported a bill for increasing the penalties contained in an act for the encouragement of learning, by securing to authors and inventors the rights of their several inventions, which was read a first time.
A message was received from the President of the United States, by Mr. Lear his Secretary, notifying that he has this day approved and signed an act which originated in this House, entitled, an act declaring the consent of Congress to a certain act of the state of Maryland; also communicating sundry papers relative to the admission of the territory of Vermont as a member of the Federal Union, which were read and referred to a select committee of three members, Mr. Lawrance, Mr. Boudinot, and Mr. Carroll.
Mr. Sedgwick, from the committee appointed for the purpose, reported a bill to continue in force, for a limited time, the act regulating processes in the federal courts, which was read the first time.
Mr. Boudinot gave notice, that to-morrow he should move, that a committee be appointed to bring in a bill supplementary to an act for establishing the Treasury Department.
After which the galleries were cleared.
THURSDAY, February 10.
An engrossed bill, to ascertain the time for the commencement of the next session of Congress, was read a third time, and ordered to lie on the table.
On motion, a committee consisting of Mr. Bourne, Mr. Sherman, and Mr. Thatcher, was appointed to prepare and bring in a bill to repeal so much of the act imposing duties on imports and tonnage, as rates the six-dollars of Denmark at 100 cents.
The House then resolved itself into a committee of the whole, Mr. Boudinot in the chair, to take into consideration the bill authorizing the President of the United States to cause the debt due to foreign officers to be paid and discharged: The bill being gone through, the committee rose and reported the same, without any amendment; and the bill was agreed to by the House, and ordered to be engrossed for a third reading.
The House again resolved itself into a committee of the whole, Mr. Boudinot in the chair, to take into consideration the bill establishing offices for granting lands within the territory of the United States; after some time spent in debate, the committee rose, reported progress, and asked leave to sit again.
Mr. Smith, from the committee appointed for that purpose, reported a bill supplementary to an act incorporating the subscribers to the Bank of the United States, which was read the first time.
The Secretary of State, to whom was referred the memorial of the merchants trading to China, made report, which was read, and ordered to lie on the table.
After which the galleries were cleared.
CONGRESS of the UNITED STATES:
At the Third Session,
Begun and held in the City of Philadelphia, on Monday the sixth of December, one thousand seven hundred and ninety.
An ACT declaring the consent of Congress, that a new State be formed within the jurisdiction of the Commonwealth of Virginia, and admitted into this Union, by the name of the STATE OF KENTUCKY.
HEREAS the legislature of the Commonwealth of Virginia, by an act, entitled, “An Act concerning the erection of the district of Kentucky into an independent State,” passed the eighteenth day of December, one thousand seven hundred and eighty nine, have consented, that the district of Kentucky, within the jurisdiction of the said Commonwealth, and according to its actual boundaries at the time of passing the act aforesaid, should be formed into a new State: And whereas a Convention of Delegates, chosen by the people of the said district of Kentucky, have petitioned Congress to consent, that on the first day of June, one thousand seven hundred and ninety-two, the said district should be formed into a new State, and received into the Union, by the name of “the State of Kentucky.”
Be it enacted by the Senate, and House of Representatives, of the United States, of America, in Congress assembled, and it is hereby enacted and declared, That the Congress doth consent, that the said district of Kentucky, within the jurisdiction of the Commonwealth of Virginia, and according to its actual boundaries, on the eighteenth day of December, one thousand seven hundred and eighty-nine, shall upon the first day of June, one thousand seven hundred and ninety-two, be formed into a new State, separate from, and independent of, the said Commonwealth of Virginia.
And be it further enacted and declared, That upon the aforesaid first day of June, one thousand seven hundred and ninety-two, the said new State, by the name and style of the State of Kentucky, shall be received and admitted into this Union, as a new and entire member of the United States of America.
FREDERICK AUGUSTUS MUHLENBERG, Speaker of the House of Representatives.
JOHN ADAMS, Vice-President of the United States, and President of the Senate.
Approved, February 4th, 1791.
GEORGE WASHINGTON, President of the United States.
[True copy.]
THOMAS JEFFERSON, Secretary of State.
B O S T O N, January 22.
A letter from an officer, in the Western army, contains the following particulars relating to the late expedition:—“Capt. ARMSTRONG, who commanded the party, made his escape, by plunging himself into a pond or swamp up to his neck, within two hundred yards of the field of action, where he re-

remained the whole night a spectator to the horrid scene of the war dance performed over the dead and wounded bodies of the poor soldiers that had fallen the preceding day; shrieks mixed with the horrid yells of the savages, rendered his situation shocking. Nothing can exceed the intrepidity of the Indians on this occasion; the militia they appeared to despise, and with all the undauntedness conceivable threw down their guns, and rushed upon the bayonets of the regular soldiers; a great number of them fell; but being so far superior in numbers soon overpowered them, for while the poor soldier had his bayonet in one Indian, two more would sink their tomahawks in his head.
The militia of Massachusetts consist of 50,000 train-band Infantry, 1300 Cavalry, and 1200 Artillery-men—add to these, 23,000 Alarm-men, all armed for war, the whole will make a body of 75,000 men. The train-band are from 16 to 40 years of age; the alarm-list, from 40 to 60.
CHARLESTON, (S.C.) January 13. Captain Baas, of the Brig Fanny, in 39 days from Cadiz, informs, that previous to his departure from that place, a treaty of peace had been concluded between the Emperor of Morocco and the King of Spain.
ALBANY, January 26. We learn, from undoubted authority, that the noted Daniel Shays, commonly called General Shays, who was so recently at the head of a riotous banditti, in the state of Massachusetts, is now confined in the common goal at Bennington, for a debt under ten pounds—due to a farmer of Little-White-Creek, in that state.
NEW-YORK, February 2. A Dublin Paper mentions, that a gentleman has engaged, for a wager, to spin a finer piece of mullin than ever came from the East-Indies. We hear that a pound of cotton can be spun in such a manner as to be worth thirty guineas.
Yesterday his Excellency the Governor communicated to the Legislature a letter from Governor Chittenden, of Vermont, dated Jan. 22d, enclosing a certified copy of an act of that state, for paying 30,000 dollars to this state, and fixing the boundary of Vermont. Also informing that they had appointed the Hon. Nathaniel Chipman and Lewis R. Morris, Esquires, to negotiate the admission of that state into the Union.
By the Brig Clermont, Captain Colley, arrived at Norfolk, in five weeks from London, we are informed the French King, in consequence of the settled peace between the Courts of London and Madrid, has ordered his armaments to cease, and the fleet to be reduced to its peace-establishment.
Accounts, it is said, are received at Salem, by a vessel in a short passage from Martinique, that Count Damas, at the head of the Mulattoes, had attacked the inhabitants of St. Pierre, and had defeated them with a prodigious carnage.
The Albany Gazette, of the 24th of January, contains the following paragraph:—"It is said Moses Robinson and Stephen R. Bradley, Esquires, are elected by the Legislature of Vermont, Senators for the Congress of the United States. The former gentleman was Governor of that state the last year; the latter has been their Attorney-General, and is an eminent character."
PHILADELPHIA, February 5. We hear that the amount of the value of the Exports from the United States, for thirteen months, agreeably to an estimate made at the office of the Secretary of the Treasury, is twenty millions and two hundred thousand dollars.
We hear the Excise-Bill has had two readings in the Senate, and is referred to a select committee, to consider and report whether any and what amendments are necessary; and it is probable it will have the third reading in the course of the ensuing week.
Last Saturday the Senate of the legislature of this Commonwealth non-concurred the Resolutions sent on the 22d inst. from the House of Representatives; which resolutions were intended to express the disapprobation of the Legislature of Pennsylvania, with respect to the Excise Bill, now before Congress; and were passed in the form of instructions to the Senators from Pennsylvania in Congress, by a very considerable majority.
CARLISLE, January 19. On Tuesday the 12th instant, about nine o'clock in the morning, the house of Alexander McDonald, a tenant on Mr. David Hoge's farm, in East-Pennsburgh, was burned, and his wife and two of his children and a girl the only child of his brother-in-law, unhappily perished in the flames. This dreadful accident was occasioned by putting a quantity of flax to dry upon the stove. The flax taking fire, McDonald took it up in his arms to throw it out of the door, but as he carried it, the blaze caught the loft floor, which was loosely laid with dry boards and huts over the seams. McDonald's brother-in-law was in the house with him and his wife, and her mother, an old infirm woman. They all ran out immediately except McDonald's wife, who came to the door and then turned back into the house to bring out the children as was supposed, but the flames which raged most violently at the door, prevented her return—the was heard for some time in the back part of the house, but the two men stupified, and like persons bereaved of their senses with the fright, could do nothing for her assistance.—She finding all hope of relief in vain, threw herself over her children to screen them as long as possible,
and continued in this situation until the fire reduced them to a coal.
RICHMOND, February 5. Extract of a letter from a member of Congress, dated January 7.
"The public credit has risen prodigiously, both at home and abroad; that part of the debt which bears an interest of 6 per cent. has in this country risen almost to par, and I am told has actually sold for par on credit, and in Holland the debt has sold at 20 per cent. beyond par, the seller guaranteeing the payment of 6 per cent. for two years."
On Saturday the 14th ult. Mrs. Cocke, the wife of Mr. John Cocke, of Caroline county, was delivered of a dead child, which the had carried for upwards of ten years. The child appeared to have been of the size of a full grown one of nine months old; and was extracted through an opening made in the side of its mother, by Doctor Baynham.
We are happy to hear, that Mrs. Cocke is as well as can be expected, after so uncommon and painful an operation, which she is said to have borne with great fortitude.
GEORGE-TOWN, January 22. From a Correspondent.
In the first session of Congress, under the new government, when the subject for fixing the pay of the Representatives of the states was under consideration, some honourable gentlemen expressed a fear, that, unless they were liberal in their allowance, men of abilities, and such as were versed in legislation, would not relinquish their (perhaps) more lucrative callings, to accept seats in that Honorable House. From the numerous candidates who lately offer themselves, (some, no doubt, profound politicians) it evidently appears, that they were not deficient in that point—that the objection is obliterated—and almost every occupation cheerfully laid aside, while the followers engage in the pursuit of six dollars per day .—In the small state of New-Jersey, no less than forty five gentlemen are published as candidates, the ensuing election, to represent the state in Congress—out of which only four can be returned.
Quere .—Whether too great a liberality in salaries has not the opposite effect, and deprives the disinterested and virtuous statesman from taking a part in the administration of public affairs? and whether many, who appear so importunate to fill public offices, have not more at heart the loaves and fishes than the public good .
BALTIMORE, February 11. ANNIVERSARY of the PRESIDENT.
To-Day the President attained his Fifty-ninth Year. It may be said of this man, that no Citizen or crowned Head, of any Age or Nation, ever attracted so vast a Portion of Public Confidence, and at the same Time so truly deserved it. The Name of WASHINGTON leaves far behind it that of the Founders of the most famous Empires. What People or Country, in so short a Time, ever arrived at so respectable a Station!—We have already seen, under his Administration, the Interest of the National Debt (presumed by many to have been too voluminous for the United States to digest) amply provided for; a Foundation laid for its gradual Extinguishment, on the Principles of Justice, and the Efficacy of real Money given to the whole Mass of Paper composing that Debt; and all this accomplished by Taxes which fall easy on the People, and have an irresistible and unavoidable Tendency to increase the Wealth and Shipping of each individual State:—Accordingly, we find our Agriculture more flourishing, our Commerce increasing, Punctuality better observed, Law Proceedings diminishing, and every Species of Industry daily receiving fresh Means of Augmentation. So rapid a Course is astonishing!—So sudden a Change, from the Confusion in which every thing lay buried under the Policy of the State-Governments, was hardly probable; and would not now be credited, did not every Person feel and perceive those sure and unequivocal Evidences of national Prosperity. Let us, however, do Justice to the good Sense of the People, who could elect Men, both qualified and disposed, to aid the Founder of our Empire, in making the Arrangements that produced those Effects: But while we claim this on the Part of the People, we must ascribe to the Determination of the PRESIDENT alone, the Choice of Ministers of State, whose official Performances, by Weight of their Information and Knowledge, carry Destruction to partial Views and Systems, and whose Capacities to plan, and Industry to collect and arrange the various Materials for a mighty Fabrick, would not suffer in a Comparison with the most celebrated Statesmen. If succeeding Anniversaries but open with such Prospects, and such Men to guide the Vessel of State through the turbulent Ocean of contending Opinions, who will venture to prescribe Bounds to AMERICAN GREATNESS!
FEBRUARY 15. About 1000 Emigrants, from Scotland, have lately arrived in the State of North-Carolina—who are justly considered a valuable acquisition to that State.
The Number of the inhabitants within the state of South-Carolina, as reported to the legislature, is 126,131.
SHEPHERD'S-TOWN, February 22.
A correspondent observes, that the establishment of a National Bank, being by some thought necessary, to enable the general government to carry the Act of establishing the permanent seat of government on Patowmac, into execution, it is exceedingly difficult to account for the opposition to the bank
bill, on the part of those who are interested in favour of the removal to the southward: In this view of the subject, the friends to the bank system gives the most unequivocal proof of their disposition to support the public faith, as pledged by the residence bill.
We hear from Philadelphia, that the Honorable ALEXANDER WHITE, Esq; our Representative in Congress, was admitted a Counsellor at Law, by the Supreme Court of the United States, during their late Session in that City.
We also learn, that General MORGAN has been appointed to the command of the Western forces, in the room of General HARMAR:—and that another expedition against the savages is determined on, to take place early in the ensuing spring, in order to revenge the misfortunes of the late commander in that quarter.
It is asserted, that the census of the inhabitants of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts (including the district of Maine) amounts to FOUR HUNDRED AND SEVENTY THOUSAND persons!
A LOTTERY.
   Pennsylvania Currency.     1 Prize, - £. 516 0 0   1 ditto, - - 275 0 0   1 ditto, - - 150 0 0   1 ditto, a Horse, with new Saddle and Bridle, - - 25 0 0   1 ditto, ditto, - 14 0 0   1 ditto, ditto, - 12 0 0   36 ditto, Lots, near 1 Acre, at 10l. each, 360 - 0 0   6 ditto, near 1 Acre, at 8l. 48 - 0 0   10 ditto, - 60s. 30 0 0   20 ditto, - 40s. 40 0 0   30 ditto, - 30s. 45 0 0   30 ditto, - 27/6 41 5 0   515 ditto, - 25s. 643 15 0   1 first Blank, a Saddle, - - 2 10 0   1 last ditto, ditto, - 2 10 0   655 Prizes £. 2205 0 0   1305 Blanks,   1960 Tickets, at 3 Dollars each, £. 2205 0 0  
TO THE PUBLIC.
EVERY person acquainted with LOTTERIES, cannot but perceive, that the above is framed and calculated, so as will, upon solid grounds, induce adventurers to purchase. NOT TWO BLANKS TO A PRIZE; the lowest class of which are of value superior to the price of one ticket. That, with the consideration of such large prizes that will be drawn in a Lottery of such small amount. These, and the other prizes of Lands, are near the centre in MECKLENBURG, commonly called SHEPHERD'S-TOWN, or adjoining other Lots belonging to said Town. A sketch of the first or capital prizes, are as follow, viz. The highest prize contains a genteel Brick-House, forty six feet long, and eighteen feet wide, in which there are three rooms neatly finished, with a kitchen and garret; also, a cellar under the same, 30 by 18 feet. Said House fronts New-Street, and the stream of water that runs through said town, runs under said building. The area of this prize comprehends seventy-one feet square.
The second prize is a Stone Malt-House, fifty feet long, and twenty-four feet wide, well finished, and the situation calculated for the business. Also, a Brew-House, thirty-six by twenty-four feet;—they are both under one roof, but separated below by said stream; at the lower end is a vacancy of ten by twenty-four feet.
The third prize consists of a Frame House, eighteen by sixteen feet, has a cellar under it, fronts New-Street, 33 feet, and thence runs with King-Street, 71 feet, which renders it a valuable corner.
For a greater convenience to the fortunate drawers of said prizes, there is an alley laid off, five feet wide, which runs across the lot, dividing the second from the first and third above-mentioned prizes. These landed and other property, prices will be found on examination to be estimated on very moderate terms. Upon the whole, the Subscriber flatters himself, that every candid enquirer will find, that the property, &c. exposed, is fully adequate to the sums required.
For the execution of this Lottery, the following gentlemen, Major HENRY BEDINGER, Capt. ABRAHAM SHEPHERD, and Capt. JAMES KERNEY, have been pleased to accept of the appointment of Trustees, to whom full power is granted, and them alone to sell and receive payment for the Tickets, and to give deeds for the landed prizes; also to pay off the others. Tickets signed by either of said Trustees, are and will be good to the adventurers, and may be had of either of them, and from such Gentlemen as the Trustees may please to appoint. These Gentlemen will appoint Managers to superintend the drawing of the Lottery, which will be in the house of Mr. BENONI SWEARINGEN, at his Ferry opposite SHEPHERD'S-TOWN. The time of drawing, and every other necessary information, relating to this Lottery, is wholly and exclusively left to the discretion of the said Trustees, by
THOMAS WHITE.
N. B. The Trustees will publish the time of drawing the Lottery, in the newspapers printed in the vicinity of this town.
SHEPHERD'S-TOWN, February 18, 1791.

SEAT OF THE MUSES.
COPY of VERSES on Mr. DAY, Who from his Landlord ran away.
HERE Day and night conspir'd a sudden flight, For Day, they say is run away by night. Day's past and gone. Why, landlord, where's your rent? Did you not see that Day was almost spent? Day pawn'd and sold, and put off what he might: Tho' it be ne'er so dark, Day will be light. You had one Day a tenant: and would fain Your eyes could see that Day but once again; No, landlord, no; now you may truly say, (And to your cost too) you have lost the Day. Day is departed in a mist, I fear; For Day is broke, and yet does not appear. From time to time he promis'd still to pay; You should have rose before the break of Day, But if you had, you'd have got nothing by't For Day was cunning, and broke over night. Day, like a candle, is gone out, but where None knows, unless to t' other Hemisphere. Then to the Tavern let us haste away— Come, cheer up—hang 't—'tis but a broken Day, And he that trusted Day for any sum, Will have his money, if that Day will come. But how now, landlord! what's the matter, pray. What! you can't sleep, you long so much for Day? Have you a mind, Sir, to arrest a Day? There's no such bailiff, now, as Joshua. Cheer up then man! what tho' you've lost a sum Do you not know that pay Day yet will come? I will engage, do you but leave your sorrow, My life for your's, Day comes again to-morrow, And for your rent—never torment your soul, You'll quickly see Day peeping thro' a hole.
TRUTH AND TASTE.
TRUTH is indisputable, not Taste: what exists in the nature of things is the standard of our judg- ment; what each man feels within himself is the standard of sentiment. Propositions in geometry may be proved, systems in physick controverted; but the harmony of verse, the tenderness of passion, the brilliancy of wit, must give immediate pleasure. No man reasons concerning another's beauty, but frequently concerning the justice or injustice of his actions. In every criminal trial, the first object of the prisoner is to disprove the facts alleged, and deny the actions imputed to him; the second, to prove that, if these actions were real, they might be justified as lawful. It is confessedly by deducti- ons of the understanding, that the first point is as- certained: How can we suppose that a different fa- culty of the mind is employed in fixing the other.
ADVERTISEMENT.
WHEREAS the subscriber, on the 21st day of June, 1788, purchased of a certain WAL- LACE REED a Tract of Land, for which he was to give him the sum of ninety-eight pounds, Pennsyl- vania currency, eighteen pounds of which he paid in hand, and gave his obligations for ten pounds each, payable annually on the 15th day of March— six of which bonds only are unpaid. And whereas I am informed, and have every reason to believe, that the said WALLACE REED cannot make me a clear and good title for the land, I hereby fore- warn all persons from taking assignments of the said Bonds, as I am determined to pay no more un- til I am assured of the title.
JOHN SHANEYBERRY.
January 25, 1791.
Fort-Cumberland Nail-Manufactory.
At this place I make all sorts of
Nails, Brads, Spikes, and SPRIGS,
Which I will sell low for cash, or country produce. I also want a Number of NAILORS, that are good workmen, and I will give good wa- ges.
JOHN PEIRCE.
November 22, 1790.
N. B. At this place we work all Stone Coals.
Blank Deeds of Bar- gain and Sale, Common Bonds, &c. may be had at this Office.
To be sold, for a term of years, ONE HUNDRED ACRES OF L A N D, Or the one half of a Merchant-Mill.
Any person inclining to purchase, may know the terms, by applying to THOMAS HALL. Berkeley-County, January 20, 1791.
To be RENTED in CHARLES- TOWN, BERKELEY, THAT VALUABLE H O U S E,
Where Mr. JAMES HAMMOND now keeps Store. IT is well calculated for either Store or Tavern, and may be entered on the 1st. of April next. ALSO, that commodious HOUSE where Mr. PHIL- IP WELSH lives, opposite Mr. HAMMOND's Store. And a new finished two-story HOUSE, on the Main Street, fit for a genteel private family, or a tradef- man. For particulars, apply to the Subscriber, near the premises.
WILLIAM CHERRY.
January 6, 1791.
SHEPHERD's-TOWN New-Church LOTTERY.
THE following is the SCHEME of a LOTTE- RY, to be drawn under an Act of the Hon- orable the Assembly of VIRGINIA, granting to the Trustees of the Congregation full power, by this method, to raise the sum herein proposed, for the purpose of completing their NEW MEETING-HOUSE in SHEPHERD's-TOWN. Any of the Trustees who sign the Tickets, will be responsible to the for- tunate adventurers, that the prizes drawn by them shall be paid in specie the next day after the Lotte- ry is drawn—and that the drawing of it shall com- mence as soon as the Tickets are sold. There shall be in this Lottery
 1 Prize of 160 Dollars..... is.... 160  1 ditto of 80 ditto..... 80  2 ditto of 40 ditto..... 80  4 ditto of 20 ditto..... 80  8 ditto of 10 ditto..... 80  16 ditto of 5 ditto..... 80  50 ditto of 3 ditto..... 150  249 ditto of 2 ditto..... 458  The sum to be raised..... 832 
Dollars... 2000
1000 Tickets at 2 Dollars each, are... 2000
In this Scheme there is little more than two BLANKS TO A PRIZE, and as it was unavoidably set on foot for the most laudable purpose, so the most ample justice may be expected, and we flatter our- selves it will meet with encouragement from every good man. The Trustees will be considered as Managers—and Col. JOSEPH SWEARINGEN, Col. WILLIAM DARK, and Major ABRAHAM SHEP- HERD, will be requested to sit as Judges at the time of drawing—which time will be published 3 weeks before it commences, in the PATOWMAC GUARDIAN AND BERKELEY ADVERTISER.
JOHN KEARSLEY, JOHN MORROW, JOHN MARK, WILLIAM BUCKLES, LAURENCE VANDEVIER, } Trustees.
N. B. Tickets may be had from any of the Ma- nagers, and also from sundry other Gentlemen in the County.
Wanted to Hire, A young Man, In the capacity of a HOSTLER. He must be of an honest, industrious, sober Character. Apply to ALEXANDER ROGERS, at Martinsburg, or the PRIN- TER hereof.
Shepherd's-Town New-Church
Lottery Tickets, Sold at the Printing-Office hereof.
W A N T E D, A sober, steady young MAN, to offici- ate in the capacity of a BAR-KEEPER.
Apply at the Printing-Office, for further informati- on.
TO BE SOLD, At Public Vendue, by the Subscriber, Living on Col. HUNTER's Plantation in BERKELEY COUNTY, On Friday the 18th of this Instant, viz. About
30 Barrels of Corn,
in the ear, and between 18 and 20 acres of Wheat in the ground; also, sundry sorts of Household and Kitchen Furniture, among which are, a Chest of Drawers, a Bed and Bedding, Chests, Tables, Chairs, and a variety of other articles too tedious to enu- merate. The Sale to begin at 10 o'clock, where due attendance will be given, and the terms made known, per me,
SAMUEL FARRA.
N. B. All persons indebted to said FARRA, either by Bond, Note, or Book Account, are hereby requested to discharge the same, before the first day of March next, as no longer indulgence will be given; and those who have any demands against him, are likewise desired to bring in their Accounts, that they may be adjusted. S. F. February 5, 1791.
TO BE SOLD, At Public Vendue, On the Premises, on the 23d day of February next, that
Valuable Plantation
Late the property of THOMAS HOGG, deceased, and whereon he dwelt, containing 248 acres, situate near Thomas Crampton, Esq. six miles from Sharps- burg, in the County of Washington, State of Mary- land. The land, meadows, waters, orchards, build- ings, and other improvements is equal, if not su- perior, to any other in the settlement, and stands not in need of any encomiums. There will also be sold at the same time, Negroes, Horses, Cows, Sheep, Hogs, Waggon, Gears, Ploughs, Harrows, and all kinds of Farming Utensils and Household- Furniture.
The Vendue to begin at 10 o'clock of said day, when attendance and reasonable credit will be gi- ven, by
CHRISTOPHER ORNDORFF, Executor.
January 24, 1791.
BERKELEY, ff.
PERSONALLY appeared before me, PHILIP FITZPATRICK, and acknowledged that he had told LIES respecting CHARLES CUL- LINGS, and offered to prove them, which he lays he is sorry for. Signed and acknowledged before me, this 15th day of January, 1791.
his PHILIP FITZPATRICK. Mark.
WILLIAM PORTERFIELD, one of the Magistrates (for said County).
Edward O. Williams
Most respectfully acquaints the Public in general, and his Friends in parti- cular,
THAT he has recommenced the practice of PHYSIC and SUR- GERY in this town, living opposite Mr. Wyncoops.
Shepherd's-Town, January 24, 1791.
STRAYED from the Subscriber, A Milch Cow, 10 years old—her sides red- her face and belly white—has a white streak along her back—has wide horns—and is ear-marked, but the mark forgot. Whoever will give information where the above stray cow is, shall be handsomely rewarded, by
ABRAHAM MORGAN.
Shepherd's-Town, January 1, 1791.