The Patowmac guardian, and Berkeley advertiser (Shepherdstown, Va. [W. Va.]), 1794-02-10 00:00:00

CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES.
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES.
SKETCH OF THE PROCEEDINGS
Of Thursday, 16th of January.
THE resolution received from the Senate yesterday, proposing an amendment to the constitution of the United States, was read the second time, and made the order of the day for Monday next.
It was then moved, that the house do proceed to the consideration of the report of the committee on the regulations and standing orders of the house.—Mr. Clark objected to this motion, that the house should first proceed to the discussion of the resolutions. Mr. Fitzsimons likewise thought that the house would be in danger of confusing itself, by embracing such a multiplicity of subjects, at the same time.
It was then moved and agreed, that the house should resolve itself into a committee to proceed on the question of yesterday, respecting the first of the resolutions proposed by Mr. Madison.
Mr. Nicholas rose, and expressed the embarrassment which he felt in attempting to address the house; but as no gentleman seemed ready to rise, he should endeavour to express his ideas on the subject, as concisely as possible. He would avoid, as far as his judgment was able to direct him, all extraneous observations. He declared himself a decided friend to the resolutions. The theory of leaving commerce to direct itself, was most fallacious when applied to North America; for experience had proved that the influence of British capitals had drawn the commerce of the United States into a channel, which was very far from being the most advantageous for this country. It was an universal maxim with merchants, to buy at the cheapest market they could find. This answered very well in commerce, but in a political point of view, it was not always the best plan. When the purchaser of your commodities is willing to receive in payment, articles that no body else will take off your hand, it may be more advantageous to prefer him, though his merchandise may be somewhat dearer. He thought that America should possess a domestic marine equal to the carriage of her exports; and he was of opinion, that this would be no less essential to the prosperity of agriculture, than to the welfare of the mariners themselves. While the United States depended on another nation for shipping to convey their exports, they must be at a very great expence for freight, storage, agency, &c. which otherwise might be saved. It was by profits arising from the carrying trade, that Holland has risen into her present importance. By possessing an extensive shipping, she had become the deposit of a great part of the merchandise and manufactures of Europe.—When the nation upon whom you depend for conveying your productions, happened to be at war with a third nation, you are subjected to a very great inconvenience, by the great advance in freight. The southern states were at present in this situation. There is no probability that the people of Europe will ever desist from wars, or at least it is impossible to conjecture when. Hence there is not only a constant dependence on the part of the United States, but a frequent recurrence of the mischiefs consequent on the military system. It would be a very great blessing, to free ourselves from this inconvenience, by establishing an adequate navigation of our own. We had plenty of materials for ship-building. Naturally speaking, we ought to build all the ships requisite for the exportation of all our productions. The present superiority of British tonnage, in the trade of this country, was the effect of force, tyranny, and monopolizing restrictions. He was afraid that when peace returned, American ships would be altogether thrust out of the commerce of the United States. American productions will soon be too bulky for the shipping of any single nation to convey them. It would therefore be prudent, to connect ourselves with those who are likely to be our best customers. Britain consumes but one fourth part of what she takes from you. It would be therefore proper to give the greatest encouragement to the manufactures of that nation, which consumes the largest quantity of your productions.—At present, there was some demand in France for our productions. Good regulations established on liberal principles, would in time, augment French manufactures, and when a settled government took place, they would prove excellent customers. America ought to cultivate most the friendship of that nation, whose demand for our commodities was most likely to increase. Britain will be compelled by nothing but force, to give the United States fair treatment. She has already lost a considerable share of her shipping in our trade. She is sensible of it, but has not ventured to resent it, for fear of injuring her manufactures. The commerce of America is necessary to Britain; but not that of Britain to America, as she can find other markets to buy manufactures.
There was one circumstance, which Mr. Nicholas said struck him very forcibly. This was, that whatever inconvenience these resolutions might produce in America, must be equally dispersed over the whole body of citizens; whereas in Britain, the loss would fall on a particular class, who would instantly be cast idle. Much noise had been made without doors, as to the danger of a foreign war. It had received very little notice within doors. The notion of such an event was in itself entirely ridiculous; but admitting that it could possibly happen, a British war would only serve to revive that separation which we had with her. It had been said that we enjoyed preferences in her market. We deserved them, for we were the most beneficial colony Britain ever had, and would long continue to be so, even though these regulations should take place.—We are entitled to a preference, because we owe her immense debts; and hence, it is her interest to prefer our commodities, when she cannot buy cheaper anywhere else. This is the shortest way to get her claims against us extinguished. It is likewise the shortest way for America, to get a redress of her grievances, to adopt these resolutions. As to the question where we could be supplied with manufactures, unless from Britain, it might be answered, that many articles of French manufacture are cheaper than those of British manufacture; and that labour itself is cheaper in France than in Britain.—We do not see them in this country, because we have before hand established a connection with Britain. It has been said, that commerce should be free. The maxim is good, yet in the southern states the importation of luxuries has proved the ruin of many. They never regulate their purchases by the extent of their exportations; and hence, British credit has, in that part of the United States, done more mischief than British arms. Consumption ought to be regulated by an ability to make regular payments; but when merchants give the longest credit which they possibly can give, the consequences are very fatal. One of these is a most enormous advance of profit on account of such credit; perhaps not less than fifty per cent, of addition to the price. It would be of the greatest advantage to this country, to augment the production of domestic manufactures. In Virginia, this practice always makes a man thrive better than his neighbours. Were we to lessen the consumption of British goods, we should obtain credit from them, on more moderate terms. The people of the southern states owe very considerable debts there, and are forced to go on, because, for one reason, they know not how to extricate themselves. The connexion could not be broken but by the interference of the legislature, and if should be broken, we can get as good credit elsewhere. Arguments had been advanced to demonstrate that the friendship of France to this country had been founded on self interest. He believed it to be so, but he should not condemn in others, what we did ourselves. Could any of the gentlemen who had opposed the resolutions, say that they would be ready to sacrifice their own interest to that of France? he was confident, the republic would grant us reciprocal advantages, which was all we could reasonably expect. One concession we could obtain from Britain, which was a truce with Algiers. He hoped for the honor of human nature that the British had only unloosed this den of pirates upon us, for the sake of their mercantile interest. He would not permit himself to believe that they did so, merely for the sake of wanton mischief. And when they found that they were likely to suffer more by the resolutions on the table, than they could expect to gain by the depredations of their emissaries, they would be as glad as ourselves, to put an end to them. He considered their guilt in this affair, if they acted on the footing of interest, as extremely bad. But if they had hired the Algerines from mere envy of the prosperity of America, there was no term of reproach, no idea of detestation, which he could think of, that corresponded with the excess of their infamy. It was universally known that they encouraged the Indians to murder the women and children of the back settlements, that they might increase the political burthens of America. We have no weapon adequate to reduce them to reason such as commercial regulations. It was our business to hold out to England, the idea of changing the channel of our commerce, unless she put an end to the outrages of her Indians, her Algerines, and her own pirates.
Mr. Goodhue said there was neither friendship nor hatred in trade. The way to promote the object of the resolutions was, not to tax manufactures. That would only produce smuggling, and they would be thrust upon us in spite of government; but we should tax foreign bottoms, so as not to let any foreign ship import into the United States the produce or manufacture of any country but her own. He recited some other regulations that might be adopted with propriety and which appeared to be much the same with the British act of navigation.—He did not see the use or signification of commerci-
al treaties, for we had never gained a single farthing by any one of them. We had such treaties with France, Holland, Sweden, and Prussia. The stipulation that we obtained was to be received, on equal terms with the most favored nation. But it turned out that these countries granted no particular favor to any nation; so that we were exactly in the same condition as if these treaties of commerce had never existed. For what purpose then were we to make any discrimination in favor of such allies? Mr. Goodhue said he would not give a single farthing for treaties of commerce with all the countries on the globe, unless, by such treaties, we were to gain some advantage. Without that, he would have nothing to do with them. Britain, as to commercial regulations, has behaved to us exactly as she does to all the rest of the world. We had therefore no pretence of particular complaint. It was true, that in general she forbid us from entering her ports in the West Indies. It would be very convenient for our merchants to possess a free commerce with Newfoundland, Nova-Scotia, and Canada; but if the British government refused to grant such a commerce, there was no help for it. We must submit. If we are to lay a duty upon British manufactures equal to a prohibition, there is no other country in the world, which can at present supply us. It is folly to speak of France; because whatever she may perform hereafter, she certainly cannot serve us now. The blow must therefore recoil upon ourselves. It was of no consequence to us from what part of the world the greatest number of ships came into our harbours whether from Britain, France, Denmark, Spain, or any where else. It only served to show that the people who sent most ships, were more enterprising than some of their neighbours.—A very strange complaint had been advanced against Britain, viz. that she re-exported to other countries the greatest part of what she imported from America. "If a customer" said Mr. Goodhue "comes to my store for a barrel of flour, shall I refuse to serve him; unless he engages to consume it in his own family?" "If he pays me for it, what further business have I with him?" He reminded the house, that by the tonnage of ten per cent. upon foreign vessels, we had already very much reduced their number; and on that head he recapitulated some details, which we have already mentioned in the course of this discussion. If we retaliated on Britain, she would serve us in the same way, and perhaps be joined by Spain. Mr. Goodhue closed a concise but very interesting speech, by again declaring that the resolutions would not prevent the importation of British manufactures, and that the duties, if imposed would unquestionably be paid by ourselves.
Mr. Clark said, that in discussing this question, the house had never yet touched the proper point. As to commercial regulations, they would not suppose that he professed to understand much about them. He considered the whole question as political. We might say to the British. "You have not restored the negroes, whom you stole off at the end of the war. You have not given up the western posts. You have turned loose the Indians and Algerines. You incessantly rob our ships on the high seas; or confiscate them, after a burlesque trial in your West-India harbours. We shall not bear this. We shall have nothing to do with your manufactures or yourselves."
Mr. Clark reminded the house of the terrible confusion, into which the British government had been cast when the United States, upon the passing of the stamp act, first entered into a non-importation agreement. They determined to refuse the commodities both of England and the West Indies.
The consequence was, that the planters and manufacturers made such a clamor, as forced the ministry to repeal that act. We had been told the other day, that three hundred thousand people in Britain depended upon America for employment and subsistence. Would these people be thrown out of their employment, without moving heaven and earth for a restoration to their former business?—Was it imaginable, that any administration could be strong enough, to resist such an application? If they could not stand against us, at the time of the stamp act, was it possible, that they would venture to hazard a struggle now, when they were plunged into the midst of a war, which produced nothing but taxes and loans, and slaughtered armies, and bankruptcies. Much had been said, as to what would become of us for want of British manufactures. He would answer this question by another. What became of us in the time of the war? We did not starve then for want of clothes. We had abundance manufactured at home, and would have so again, when the same necessity returned. Mr. Clark here looked round to Mr. Goodhue, who was whispering to another member. "I wish," said he "smiling, that the gentleman would reserve his arguments till I have done, and not use them all, while I am speaking." He said that we ought to make no commercial treaty with Britain, till the western posts were given up, and the Algerines dis-

...speak in a high tone. Upon this question, we had heard calculations upon calculations, of so many millions of dollars and cents; and he knew not what stories, to this purpose, some of them three hours in length . He considered all speculations of that kind, as perfectly from the point. It was entirely a political question. Britain might be very angry. He wished she might be so. He did not care. "We have," as the proverb says, "the sword in our own hand." We have no necessity for the silks, cambrics, and other gewgaws of British manufacture.
Col. Parker considered the resolutions on the table as indefinite and unintelligible. If revenue is the object, we should remember the remark of Dr. Swift, that in the arithmetic of taxation, two and two do not always make four, but sometimes only one. He thought there was a jarring in the third resolution which contradicted the first. The leading clause of the first resolution, which has occasioned so long a debate, is in these words. "That the interest of the United States would be promoted by further restrictions and higher duties, in certain cases, on the manufactures and navigation of foreign nations employed in the commerce of the United States, than those now imposed." The third resolution, which Colonel Parker referred to, is in these words: "That the duty on vessels belonging to the nations having commercial treaties with the United States, ought to be reduced to per ton." The resolutions meant either too much or nothing. He would move to amend the first resolution, but that he feared it would be altogether cast aside.
Mr. S. Smith, of Maryland, again apologized to the committee for, presuming to intrude upon them a second time in the delivery of his sentiments. He said that a personal attack had been yesterday made upon him in that house. It had met him out of doors, and had gone into the world. After he had done speaking yesterday, a member had risen, and held forth as a fundamental observation, that " Gentlemen passing capitals of their own were in favour of the propositions; but that dealers upon credit were against them. " When this remark was made, as he had but just sat down from delivering his negative to the resolutions, he could not help thinking himself aimed at, as one of those dealers upon credit. (Here the member referred to rose, and solemnly declared that a personal allusion to Mr. Smith had never entered his mind.) Mr. Smith went on to observe, that the whole assertion was erroneous. The merchants of America were men of liberal sentiments; more so, he believed, than merchants in any other part of the world. They were not to be biased by the petty motives of interest, in preference to the public interest of their country. The gentleman whom he referred to, had spoke of an alarming British influence in some of the commercial cities of America. He had alleged that merchants, by their connection with Britain, will be under its influence; but there was no such thing. In this country, merchants studied the constitution, and were attached to it. In other countries, they minded only profit. As a reflection had been thrown on merchants who dealt upon credit, he should take leave to observe that credit was a very good thing . As to himself he had before the war began, acquired, by his industry as much property as placed him beyond the necessity of credit. By the war, he was reduced to nothing. After the peace, he again began as he set out at first. By the same industry, and the same talents he had once more acquired independence. By the British buccaneers he had lost as much, since the present war began, as the gentleman to whom he rose in reply, would think a tolerable fortune for dividing among his sons; yet he could still spare time from his business for the service of his country. He said that at first hearing the resolutions, he had been rather prejudiced in their favor. One of them was indeed a very enticing resolution, and at first view pleased him very much. (The resolution to which Mr. Smith referred is the seventh, and runs in these words:—"Resolved, as the opinion of this committee, that provision ought to be made for liquidating and ascertaining the losses sustained by citizens of the United States, from the operation of particular regulations of any country, contravening the law of nations, and that such losses be reimbursed in the first instance, out of the additional duties on the manufactures, productions and vessels of the nations, establishing such unlawful regulations.")
He since opposed them from a conviction that they were injudicious. This gentleman, and others had spoke with complacency, of destroying commercial credit. He would again repeat his affirmation that credit was a good thing . To destroy it would establish an aristocracy in commerce, which was as bad as an aristocracy in government. He explained this expression by subjoining, that the dissolution of credit would confine trade to merchants possessing large capitals and an old and established correspondence, in the manufacturing countries. An apprentice of the best connections, and most promising abilities, would find it impossible at the end of his indentures, to begin business for himself, upon such oppressive terms of competition. It would be requisite to send ready money to Europe, at the time of commissioning the goods, that is, to pay for them, six months before they were received. This operation would raise the price of them, fifteen per cent. which would be a real tax. He was astonished to hear gentlemen speak with indifference as to the advantages of mercantile credit. The state of Georgia was rising into prosperity with a prodigious progress. And by what means was this effected? By credit, certainly; for it never could have been accomplished in any other way. He said that we should renounce all natural animo-
ties, and consider mankind as one great family. Let us always go where we can tell best. Mr. Smith closed a speech of uncommon animation, by saying, that the resolutions reminded him of the story of the goose which laid golden eggs. Let us cut her up, laid the boy, and we shall get them all at once. The ten per cent. of tonnage upon foreign vessels had been of great service; but the present plan was too abrupt.
The committee now rose. The chairman reported progress, and asked leave to sit again.
Wednesday, January 22.
The speaker laid before the house a letter from the secretary for the department of war, announcing the agreeable intelligence of the ratification of peace with the Creek Indians, by the agency and interposition of Mr. Seagrove, agent for Indian affairs in the southern department.
The bill for establishing an uniform system of bankruptcy throughout the United States, was read the second time, 150 copies to be printed, and made the order of the day for Monday week.
A message from the President of the United States was received by Mr. Secretary Dandridge, covering some extracts of letters from the American Minister in London. These were read, and purported, that England is desirous of continuing on friendly terms with this country; that the American sufferers will receive satisfaction; also an extract from their court of admiralty, relative to freight, &c. and the conduct to be observed towards the neutral powers. That Genoa and Tuscany are forced from the neutrality by a squadron of British and Spanish ships of war, which entered their ports and captured several French vessels.
Thursday, January 23.
The engrossed bill, entitled, "An act for completing and better establishing the military establishment of the United States," was read the third time, and passed. Ordered, that it be sent to the senate for their concurrence.
Friday, January 24.
Mr. Greenup called up the resolutions of the Legislature of the State of Kentucky, relative to the reimbursement of their expenses in the Indian war, since their accession to the Union—referred to the Secretary of the Treasury.
Saturday, January 25.
The house, agreeable to the order of the day, resolved itself into a committee of the whole house, Mr. Trumbull in the chair, on the report of the Secretary of State, relative to the privileges and restrictions on the commerce of the United States, in foreign countries; after some time spent in the business, the committee rose, reported progress, and had leave to sit again.
EUROPEAN INTELLIGENCE.
From European papers received by the sloop Hiram . Capt. Harris, arrived at New York from London, the following extracts have been taken.
LEGHORN, October 23.
YESTERDAY two British cutters arrived in this port from Toulon, after a passage of three days. They bring intelligence that the French army, under the command of Carteau, being at the distance of three leagues from Toulon, attempted to pitch a camp, and to take some advantageous posts, the better to pursue their operations against the place. Their designs were however frustrated; for the allied British, Spanish, Sardinian, and Neapolitan troops advanced immediately to that quarter, and most valiantly attacked the enemy.
The action was obstinate and bloody—prodigies of courage and skill were performed among the allies, and the Neapolitans charged the enemy in the rear, with sword and bayonet; in short, the French were obliged to beake themselves to flight, abandoning their post, their artillery, and leaving upwards of 500 men killed on the field of battle.
The number of cannon taken amounts to 13, and they also took a great number of prisoners.
This glorious action is a fresh triumph for the combined army, from which we learn, that the utmost tranquillity reigns at Toulon, and that there is abundance of all kinds of provisions.
Brumt, in Alsace, October 26. The career of our success is unexpectedly stopped by an army of 50,000 French, who have advantageously posted themselves near Strauburg, and entrenched towards the side of the Saverne. General Wurmsler sees himself reduced to the necessity of acting on the defensive, as well as the Prussians on this side the Saverne, who have been obliged to fall back, and support themselves by the right wing of the Austrian army. We imagine that a general action is indispensable, as we cannot remain eight days in our present position, without the most imminent hazard, and we have no longer any hope from the favorable disposition of the people of Strauburg. Our negotiations were discovered, and the commissioners from the Convention have so effectually intimidated all those who were inclined to open the gates to us—so many of them have indeed been seized, and so many more denounced, that we dread the fate of our incursion. This astonishing army of republicans has been formed in three days, and it swells like a torrent. They are half-armed, and want every thing but an enthusiasm for liberty, which perhaps is better than our discipline. Our hope is that the
Swifts Cantons will at length give up their system of neutrality, and declare against these regicides.
Namur, November 2. By report of the peasants, it seems that there has been a very warm action between General Beaulieu and the French, the day before yesterday, in the neighbourhood of Philippeville. The loss of the Austrians alone is estimated at between two and three thousand men. Waggons are gone from hence to bring in the wounded, for whom it will be difficult to find places, as the hospitals are already full; three large convents are also converted into hospitals.
Brussels, November 7. The grand army under the Prince of Cobourg has moved forward. The headquarters have been transferred from Bermerain to Engle-la-Fontaine.
The following letter from Saumur was read in the Convention, on the 28th ult.
Yesterday morning a general consternation ensued in consequence of the defeat of one of the columns of our army at Chatillon, and of the loss of several cannon, and a large number of waggons, loaded with provision and ammunition, which was taken by the Rebels—This event seemed to announce the prolongation of the existence of those violent fanatics of Lavendee; but, fortunately, in one instant, a total change happened—for, at 10 o'clock at night, a courier from Bressuire brought a dispatch, signed by Bellegard, Bourbotte, and Choudieux, containing the following intelligence: "The Bravery and intrepidity of the two columns of our army at Chatillon have spirited up in such a manner our soldiers, that they took from the rebels all we had lost at the first onset—a most astonishing carnage took place; their army was entirely destroyed." The courier also informed that there were from 10,000 to 12,000 of the rebels killed, while our loss does not amount to more than 3000; and we have the pleasure to announce, that we have taken six cannon more than we lost at first. At this great news our republican enthusiasm was universally felt.
(Signed) FELIX, President of the Military Committee at Saumur.
"P. S. We have liberated many of our prisoners, long in irons. I hope that care is taken of the widows and children of those who have the happiness to die in defence of the republican cause."
Aix, in Provence, Octo 14. Long live the Republic! At this moment all the batteries, situated along the coast are firing their cannon for joy at the taking the fort of La Crois des-signaux, upon the camp Cepe. All the redoubts which the enemy had constructed are in our possession. The battle was bloody. The loss of the English is estimated at a thousand men; the number of prisoners is 400.
Courtray, October 26. This day, from eight in the morning till night, the armies were engaged. The battle began with skirmishes, but soon became general. At last confusion spread among the French, and they were completely routed. Our troops pursued the enemy far beyond Menin—their loss must have been considerable—cannot be yet ascertained.
It is now assured that the French army is surrounded in its position in the environs of Menin, by the troops of the allies, which arrived on the left, over Dottignies and Rollegheim, and on the right over Gallegheim and Morsele.
Vienna, October 30. Our army employed in the campaign against the French, is composed of 260,000 men, which leaves in the hereditary dominions of the Emperor, but about 50,000 regular troops; but we understand that the frontier troops of Hungary and Transylvania, are forming considerable bodies; about 27,000 quintals weight of clothing for our army upon the Rhine, has been sent thither from the 1st of September to the 20th of October last.
It is the general wish here, that the war may be discontinued, as the people are beginning to murmur aloud at the consequences which have already resulted from the present hostilities.
Paris, October 27. A letter was read in the National Convention, from General Carteaux, commanding the army before Toulon, dated October 17.
The General announces, that at the moment when the Republican army was rejoicing at the taking of Lyons, the enemy presented themselves in five columns, to the number of about 5000 men, to cut off the army in about two points at once; but they had been repulsed with such vigour, that they were obliged to fly faster than they first advanced, with the loss of about 100 men either killed or wounded; our loss consists of 26 men slightly wounded, and six killed.
November 6. On the 21st October, Brissot and twenty other members suffered under the axe of the guillotine. The following is the official report published by order of the revolutionary tribunal on this head:
The tribunal, on the declaration of the jury (stating that Brissot, Verginaud, Dicos, Boyer, Fonfrede, Boileau, Gardieu, Douchastel, Sillery, Faucher, Duperret, La Source, Carra, Reuven, Mainville, Antiboul, Vigee, and Lacaze, are the authors or accomplices in a conspiracy which has existed against the unity and indivisibility of the republic; against the liberty and safety of the French people) condemns the abovementioned persons to death; declares their effects confiscated for the good of the republic; and orders the sentence to be executed in the Place de la Revolution, and that it be printed and distributed throughout the Republic.
Valaze, one of the condemned, stabbed himself after he had heard his sentence. The tribunal has ordered that the carcass of the suicide be brought to the Place de la Revolution, that it might be buried with the other condemned deputies in the same place.
On the day after their condemnation, they were conveyed to the bloody scaffold: On their journey

thither, they entered into a very serious and eloquent debate respecting the immortality of the soul, and on this subject they are said to have ultimately agreed that the intellectual spark survives the dissolution of the body.
The execution took place between eleven and twelve o'clock, and though performed as speedily as possible, took up the space of thirty-six minutes.
They all preserved a solid firmness, and individually at the moment of being stretched upon the machine, exclaimed, Vive la Republique! Vive la Nation!
Brissot himself, except on this occasion, was thoughtful and silent.
Sillery smiled and bowed on every side, to the spectators.
Faucher, the Constitutional Bishop, was attended by a Confessor, with whom he was much engaged in a very serious discourse.
Carra appeared indifferent, said little, and looked contemptuously.
Philip Egalite, the most villanous, most cowardly, and most infamous of wretches, was condemned to death at the sitting of the revolutionary tribunal, and yesterday evening, at half past five o'clock, he was executed on the Place de la Revolution, three hours after judgment was pronounced against him.
NATIONAL CONVENTION.
October 23.
Barrere announced, in the name of the Committee of Public Safety, that the war in La Vendee had entirely concluded. He then read a letter from Thureau, Bourbotte, and Choudieu, which was received with repeated acclamations. This letter stated the capture of Chatillon, the possession of Tiranges, the burning of Mortagne, and the surrender of Cholet. The royalists were then pursued to Beaupreaux, where they were again defeated. A powder mill, thirty barrels of salt petre, a large quantity of sulphur, some boxes of grape-shot, were found here, with caissons, corn and flour, in abundance.
They were next followed to St. Florent, their last retreat, where in order to pass the Loire, they crowded into boats, the greater part of which were lost.
One of the chiefs, named Beauchamp, who was wounded at Cholet, and carried in a litter, expired on the other side of the river. Delpech, another of their chiefs, was mortally wounded.
At St. Florent, 4 chisels, and many pieces of cannon, were found, which the royalists had thrown into the Loire, not being able to carry them off. This town contained large magazines of corn.
Independently of the prisoners delivered at Montagne, Cholet, Chatillon and Beaupreaux, 5,500 patriots were set at liberty, who were detained at St. Florent. The number of Republicans delivered amounts to more than 8,000.
TOULON.
The Popular Society of La Tour du Pin, congratulated the convention on the recent victories, and expressed their detestation of the treason of Toulon, requesting that when this city should be taken by the republicans, it should be immediately destroyed. —Decreed.
L O N D O N.
November 16. The French are stated not only to have received reinforcements on the river Saar, but they have even made movements against the cordon of Prussian troops; the latter were obliged to retreat to Pirmasens. This is said to render the situation of the Austrians very precarious, in exposing their right. Reports even went so far as to assert, that the Prussians had been obliged to evacuate the post of Pirmasens, but which is not confirmed as yet.
Yesterday Captain Cooke, of the Spitfire sloop, arrived at the Admiralty office, with dispatches from Lord Hood, at Toulon, which place he left on the 21st of October. His dispatches are dated the 30th, but from the silence observed respecting their contents, we fear they are not of the most agreeable nature.
General O'Hara had arrived there from Gibraltar, with a reinforcement of troops; and the combined forces composing the garrison, amounted to 16,000 men, who were in good health, well provided, and in high spirits. The republican army was increasing so rapidly, that the allies were in a few days expected to be in a state of siege.
When our letters came away from Frankfort, there was a report of a pitched battle having been fought near Strasburg, between the Austrians under Gen. Wurmsier and the French army. This report adds, that the French have been defeated with great slaughter, and several thousands of them taken prisoners.
Strasburg is said to have opened its gates to the allies immediately after this defeat, we should be glad to hear those reports, however probable they are, officially confirmed.
November 17. The fate of Madame Elizabeth, of France, we fearfully apprehend, is approaching to a speedy decision. She has already been denounced in the Jacobin Club: a symptom which has hitherto, in almost every instance, proved fatal. The principal charges against her are, that she accompanied her brother in his flight to Varennes, and that she gave her advice and sanction, and used to be admitted to his nocturnal parties at Monceaux and Reiney.
Letter written by Monsieur to M de le Marechal de Broglio, dated Ham, Nov. 1, desiring him to send a copy of it to all the towns in which emigrants reside.
Gentlemen,
"I have this instant received the news of the horrid outrage which has terminated the days of
the Queen, my sister in-law. The grief and indignation which it excites in me, can be allayed only by the concern you take in it. True Frenchmen and faithful subjects, we ought in a two-fold degree feel the horror of this crime. It is by redoubling our zeal for the service of our young and unfortunate King, that we can one day render such losses less grievous, and efface the stain which monsters would imprint on the French name. Such, I am well convinced, are the sentiments which animate you. Such are those which my brother and I will preserve till we breathe our last sigh, and such is the end to which all our efforts tend.
"Accept, gentlemen, the assurance of my sentiments towards you.
(Signed) "Louis Stanislaus Xavier."
UNITED STATES.
CHARLESTON, (S. C.) January 3.
Extract of a letter from a gentleman in Georgia, to his friend in this city.
"The people here have got recruiting-mad for the French service, to go against West-Florida, Augustine, and New-Orleans:—Colonel K—— is to command a legion, Colonel P—— a battalion.—Messrs. O——, C——, &c. are Captains in Colonel P——'s battalion. They have enlisted upwards of thirty of the militia troop of horse, now in service, in Greene County.
N E W - Y O R K, January 22.
We are extremely happy to inform the public, that the Amboy passage boat, which left this city the 26th of December last, and which was said to have been lost on Long Island, was, after having been eleven days at sea, drove into Martha's Vineyard, after experiencing the greatest imaginable distress, both for the want of provisions, as well as bad weather, which obliged them to cut away her mast. The lives of all however, (one child excepted) have been providentially preserved. This grateful intelligence comes by Captain White from St. Thomas, who put in at Martha's Vineyard, in distress, for want of provisions—He brought with him all the passengers of the Amboy boat.
The following is translated from an Amsterdam paper, of the 4th of November.
"This day an express arrived at the Hague, with accounts that the Count of De la Four had attacked the French near Marchiennes; killed 4000, and took 1200 prisoners, with the greatest part of their artillery and baggage."
January 29.
On Tuesday last Col. E. OSWALD (editor of the Independent Gazetteer) arrived at Philadelphia, from Havre de Grace, which place he left Nov. 9. It is said Mr. Oswald brought dispatches for the Secretary of State, and Citizen Genet.
We hear that a riot lately took place near Burlington, New Jersey, occasioned by opposition to the law of that state, imposing fines for non performance of military duties—We also learn that it was quelled without any great difficulty.
Extract of a letter from Norfolk, Jan. 16, to a respectable house in this city.
"This moment arrived here an armed ship from Brest, which the left the 21st November; believe she is sent with dispatches for the French merchant ships in our ports. The Capt. tells me things look well in France; that only war was breathed; 150 to 200,000 men were gone against Toulon; that 4 of the French ships taken there had been sent to Brest, and two other ports, with 6000 seamen, which they did not wish to keep prisoners, but were sent back to their homes; that on their arrival, fearing they were intended for other purposes, such as were suspicious characters, were imprisoned, and the ships of course taken into service again.—The Jupiter, &c. from your city, were all arrived."
PHILADELPHIA, January 30.
Extract of a letter from a merchant in London, to Mr. Osment of this city, dated October 9, 1793, by the way of New York.
"I am much pleased to confirm to you the disposition of this government to do justice to American citizens. The 13000. you shipped, in dollars, by the Active, Captain Blair, who was captured by a British privateer, and carried into Falmouth, has been delivered to me on demand. You see by this, that your having been a subject of France does not prevent you in the least from enjoying all the advantages of neutrality, in common with other American citizens; and I have no doubt, from this time, severe judgments will be obtained against all depredations committed upon the property of American subjects."
The following remarks are copied from the log-book of Captain Harding, of the brig Eliza, from Liverpool: "December 21st, I spoke the brigantine Mary, Aris, of Marblehead, from Bilboa, out 49 days, homeward bound. Captain Aris informed me that the Algerines had captured upwards of 50 sail of American vessels."
Extract of a letter from a gentleman in Augusta, Georgia, to his friend in this city, dated the 26th of December, 1793. "The superintendent, Mr. Seagrove, has written from the nation to Governor Mathews, that he has made a permanent peace with the Indians who have agreed to restore all property stolen within a year past, and sacrifice five aggressors, as an atonement or peace offering: 'Tis not mentioned however whether the persons to be killed are white or red, and as one white man was killed by the Indians at the Cherokee corner a day or two after the establish-
ment of peace, there is no room to doubt on whom the lot will fall. It seems strange to me why property taken years ago from us by the Indians should not be restored as well as that taken only twelve months past: That it is not so stipulated, can only be accounted for two ways, first, that our unfortunate frontier citizens are barred by some statute of limitation in force in the Indian nation, or secondly because a certain state was not robbed so long ago, as some people have been of their property." Poor Georgia, I fear the general government esteems you in no other light than as a step child !
BALTIMORE, January 29.
A Letter from Havre-de-Grace, dated October 8, says, "Be cautious how you act in the United States. It is the Plan of the combined Despots to permit no Neutrality, but to drag every Power into the present Contest. Sweden and Denmark have been threatened, if they do not engage on their side, and they may next turn their Views to America."
NORFOLK, January 22.
On Monday last arrived here the Schooner Fly, Capt. Johnson, from Gibraltar, which place he left the 29th of November. Capt. Johnson informs, that there were two Portuguese 74-gun ships lying at Gibraltar, with an Admiral on board of each, who have granted passports to the Algerines to go into the Western Ocean—that the ship President, of Philadelphia, and the ship Thomas, of Boston, had certainly been carried into Algiers, with nine other American vessels, whose names were unknown.
MARTINSBURG, FEBRUARY 10, 1794.
Wednesday evening last, the body of Henry Hull was found dead in his own room, in this town; the next morning a jury of inquest was held, when it appeared from the evidence, that he had been intoxicated for two days previous to his death—that he was seen about three o'clock on the evening he died, going into his apartment, very much disguised—and that about sun-set a person went into the room and found him lying on the floor, a lifeless corpse.—The jury gave their verdict, that he came to his death by excessive drinking. A solemn warning to those who follow that abominable practice, the inevitable consequences of which are, poverty, distress, and ignominious exit.
The Norfolk and Portsmouth General Advertiser contains the following:—"A correspondent remarks, that certain persons were very active in preventing a French privateer from re-fitting in this port, and wishes to be informed, if the commander of a British frigate can, consistent with our treaty with France, enlist men in the ports of the United States? The government of South-Carolina has forbid an armed force to be levied within that state on account of the French Republic.—The British frigate Dædalis may enlist men, to serve against that Republic, and every one is silent—no representations are made to the Executive on this subject.— O tempora, O mores! "
THE recommendation of Mr. JEFFERSON, to retaliate on the British, are sentiments which have been held up in the papers for seven years back—and if the observations at that time had been attended to, we should not have been subject to the innumerable insults and loss of property which we have hitherto experienced. In politics, as in religion, there is an orthodoxy of principle; and though, as the period these sentiments were advanced, the ruling members of the government (like sometimes the ruling members of the church) would not adopt these tenets as their platform, yet, after wading through a system of error for a number of years, being blinded by a fatal system of finance, they are at length brought to see "the evil of their doings," and are now about to adopt, as the saving faith of the United States, the creed of retaliation .
ALL Persons indebted to me are hereby notified to make payment by the first of March next, as I shall leave the County by the first of April following; and all persons having any demands against me are desired to exhibit the same for payment.
CHRISTIAN SMITH.
February 10th, 1794.
DR. J. HARRIS.
INFORMS his friends and the public, that he has removed from the house he lately occupied, to that of Mr. Joseph Harris's, directly opposite the German School-house, where he continues the practice of physic, on his usual low terms.
Martinsburg, February 10, 1794.
THE Subscriber intending to remove from this County, by the first day of April next, calls on all persons having any demands against him, to bring them in by the first of March ensuing; and all persons indebted to him are desired to make payment by the above time.
FRANCIS BIDDLE.
February 10th, 1794.
Jack-Screws, Coffee-Mills and Steel-Yards, made and repaired by HENRY GROVE, in Winchester-Street, near the German Church, Martinsburg.
February 10th, 1794.

SEAT OF THE MUSES.
FRAGMENT, FROM DELLA CRUSCA.
FOR Oh! since last December's hoary head, Bow'd to oblivion's wave, and sunk beneath, From this strange world what fluttering crowds are fled To throng the caverns of relentless death! And every transient shade is lost, That in its course was fondly call'd "to day!" Spring's sweets are gone! and Summer's flow'ry boast! And Autumn's purple honors pass'd away! And now the Winter, in rude mantle drest, Extends his icy sceptre o'er the plain! Soon shall he sink on April's dewy break! And laughing May shall re-assume her reign! But man, when once his bright day's flush is o'er, And youth's too fleeting pleasures take their wing Must on life's scene re-vigilate no more, But leap its gulph, to find a second spring.
ALL Persons indebted to, or have any demands on the estate of JOHN RIDGEWAY, late of Berkeley, deceased, are requested to exhibit their accounts for immediate settlement.
Jan. 25, 1794.
FOR SALE,
A House and Lot in Shepherd's-Town, on the main Street, the lot contains a quarter of an acre, with a small dwelling-house on it; it will be sold low and the payments made easy; for terms apply to John Kearfley, Esq. in said town, who is authorised to sell the same, or to the Subscriber living in Green-Castle.
WILLIAM WOODS.
January 23, 1794.
FOR SALE,
A Valuable Negro Wench; for terms apply to the Subscriber, living in Charles Town, Berkeley County.
ROBERT HENRY.
January 24th, 1794.
MADE his escape out of Berkeley County jail, last night, a certain Job Swingle, an Englishman born, about five feet 10 or 11 inches high, dark brown hair, large grey eyes, had on drab coloured clothes, and has a very sore leg; he was committed for stealing a horse from Joseph Bird, and was to be tried for the same, by a call Court on Friday next.
Jan. 26th, 1794. ROBERT COCKBURN, jailor.
To be sold, or let upon shares,
A likely STUD HORSE,
Rising five years old, about 18 hands high. His dam was got by that noted horse formerly belonging to William Patterson, deceased, and his sire by Jacob Hite's old Muntier. Any person inclining to purchase said Horse, I will take a good breeding mare, or a good young riding horse, in part pay, or a very reasonable price in cash. As I intend removing from my father's the ensuing spring, and have no convenience to keep the horse as he ought to be kept, is the reason that he will be sold. He is a beautiful dapple-brown, and now stands at Nicholas McIntire's.
MOSES MINTIRE.
January 21, 1794.
In the High Court of Chancery, September the 26th, 1793.
BETWEEN
Robert M c Knight. - - - - - Plt. }
AND
Milling Wooley, and Laurence M c Kernan, Deft. }
THE Defendant Milling Wooley not having entered his appearance, and given security according to the act of assembly, and the rules of this Court, and it appearing to the satisfaction of the court that he is not an inhabitant of this country, on the motion of the plaintiff by his council, it is ordered, that the said defendant do appear here on the first day of the next term, and answer the bill of the plaintiff, and that a copy of this order be forthwith inserted in the Virginia Gazette for two months successively, and published at some church of the parish of Norborne, in the county of Berkeley, on some Sunday immediately after divine service, and at the front door of the Capitol in the city of Richmond.
A Copy. Teste, PETER TINSLEY, C.H.C.C.
TO BE RENTED.
THE House in Martinsburg, opposite Mr. John Rohr's, and now occupied by Mr. Christian Smith. The House has adjoining a very complete kitchen, stable and garden, with every other convenience that could be wished for the accommodation of a family. Possession will be given on the first of April next. For terms apply to Mr. Edward Christian in Martinsburg, or the Subscriber in Winchester.
JAMES ASH.
A valuable Plantation for Sale.
PURSUANT to the last will of William Baldwin, deceased, will be sold by Public Vendue, on the 2d Tuesday of March next, on the Premises, (if fair, if not, the next fair day,) the Plantation on which the said William Baldwin lately dwelt, situate in Berkeley County, Virginia, about 8 miles from Martinsburg, containing about 300 acres, one hundred and sixty or seventy of which are cleared, and under good fence, 10 acres of excellent meadow made, which may easily be watered from a large lime-stone spring. The remainder of the land is well covered with oak, walnut, hickory and poplar timber. There is on said Plantation, two dwelling houses, two double barns, a large apple-orchard, and other fruit-trees. One fifth part of the purchase money must be paid down, the remainder in four equal annual payments, on giving bonds with approved security. A plat of the land will be shown, and other particulars respecting the premises made known on the day of sale by JAMES STRODE } JAMES CAMPBELL } Executors. The title is indisputable. December 17th, 1793.
N O T I C E.
THE Subscriber returns his grateful acknowledgments to his friends and customers—and most humbly solicits a settlement with those whom he has accounts unsettled with, and of long standing. This requisition he hopes will be acceptable to his friends, as he is desirous of closing his accounts to the present date. FLORENCE MAHONY. Martinsburg, January 1, 1794.
FOR SALE,
A HOUSE and Lot in Middletown; the House is built with large squared logs, 28 by 26 feet, two stories high, with three rooms on each floor, completely finished, with a good kitchen adjoining the same; the lot is enclosed with good paling, post and rail fence. There is likewise a convenient stable, adjoining the premises is a grass lot containing three-quarters of an acre, under good post and rail fence, clear of ground rent, which will be sold with the former. Any person inclining to purchase this valuable property may know the terms (which will be reasonable) by applying to the Subscriber, living on the premises.
ROBERT LAMON.
FOR SALE
A TRACT of Land lying in the parish of Norborne, in the County of Berkeley, containing two hundred and thirty-two acres, adjoining Capt. Benjamin Beeler's. For terms, apply to Colonel Charles Magill, Winchester, or to the Subscribers. WILLIAMS & CAREY. Alexandria, 26th December, 1793.
N O T I C E.
ALL Persons having accounts unsettled with us (as Millers) are requested to call and have the same adjusted and finally closed, as we wish to have our mill business settled before the first of March next, we having sold our lease of Shively's mills, and Mr. Thompson, our miller, being about to remove out of the state. We wish to have the business closed before that time, and desire every person who may have flour in the mills to call for it, or we will not consider ourselves liable for it, should they neglect this notice. The public will please to accept our thanks for the encouragement we received during the time we have carried on the milling business. J. & J. RIDDLE. Martinsburg, January 13, 1794.
W A N T E D,
A small Plantation, within a few miles of Martinsburg, for which real property in said town will in part be given. Apply to the Printer.
FOR SALE,
A serviceable young Mare, a young Cow and Calf, and a Cow forward with Calf. Apply at the Printing-Office.
TO BE SOLD,
Between 50 and 60 acres of LAND, lying about one mile from Back-Creek, on the Warm-Spring road; there are about twenty acres cleared, some meadow, a small house, and is a suitable stand for a tradesman. For terms, apply to JOHN FRONK. Martinsburg, Jan. 13, 1794.
CAME to the subscriber's plantation, some time in the beginning of last summer, a white steer, with brown ears, the mark not remembered, two years old next spring. The owner is desired to prove his property, pay charges, and take him away. GEORGE REYNOLDS. Jan. 11, 1794.
THE Subscriber requests those that are indebted to him by open account, to come and settle, and if they cannot discharge what may be due, to give their obligations, as their accounts may be closed by the first of April next; he then purposes to open a large assortment of Merchandize, and wants his accounts settled before he begins business again, as they have been long standing. JOSEPH MINGHINI.
Valuable Lands for sale.
THREE Tracts, adjoining each other, on Barrill's and Barton's runs, containing upwards of 1100 acres, about 4 miles from Romney. A considerable part of this Land is fit for small grain, and well clothed with timber, some part is also capable of making meadow, and lies convenient to range. A Tract, on the Clay Lick, a branch of Little Cacapehon, containing 71 acres, this is a valuable piece of land, being fit for cultivation, and lies convenient to good range. Two Tracts, on the waters of Great Cacapehon, containing 464 acres, well calculated for the erection of a saw-mill, having a quantity of excellent pine, and adjacent to water. A Tract, near Frankfort, containing 400 acres, well timbered, and about 70 or 80 acres level, and very fit for wheat. A Tract, on Paterson's Creek, containing 200 acres, adjoining the lands of John Thomson, Andrew Leafe and others, well timbered. A Tract, on New Creek, near Paddy-Town, containing 442 acres, most of it fit for small grain. Another Tract, on the waters of New-Creek, containing 441 acres. A Tract on Tear Coat, near the land of Henry Lander, containing 131 acres; an old survey, and formerly belonging to Henry Heth, deceased: It is well adapted for wheat and meadow, it is also well timbered, and in the middle of the best range in the county. A Tract on Stoney-Run, on the waters of Mill-Creek containing 205 acres. Two Tracts on the Middle Ridge, on the main road leading from Winchester to Fort Pitt, containing 800 acres and odd. Such of the foregoing lands as I do not sell at private sale, will be set up at public auction, on the 12th day of March next, at Romney, being the first day of court. One half to be paid in one year, and the other in two years from the day of sale, and, on receiving approved security for the payments, an indisputable title will be made at the time of sale. ANDREW WODROW. Romney, 22d January, 1794.
THE Subscriber returns his grateful acknowledgments to his friends and customers—and most humbly solicits a settlement with those whom he has accounts unsettled with, and of long standing. This requisition he hopes will be acceptable to his friends, as he is desirous of closing his accounts by the first day of April next, at which time he shall retire from public business. WILLIAM LEMEN. Shepherd's-Town, January 25, 1794.
WHEREAS the Subscribers signed three penal Bonds to Thomas Noble, of Berkely County, each for the sum of forty seven pounds five shillings, the first due November 1, 1794, the second November 1, 1795, and the third November 1, 1796, and which Bonds were given the said Noble for a certain tract of land, but to which said land we are well assured he has not a good right, we therefore forewarn all persons from taking an assignment of either of the said Bonds, as we are determined not to pay them until we are satisfied with regard to the title. SOLOMON SILKWOOD. WILLIAM ROBINSON. December 21st, 1793.
FOR SALE, AT THE PRINTING-OFFICE, Blank Deeds of Bargain and Sale, Magistrates' Summons. Common Bonds,