The Patowmac guardian, and Berkeley advertiser (Shepherdstown, Va. [W. Va.]), 1793-02-18 00:00:00

The POTOMAC GUARDIAN, and BERKELEY ADVERTISER.
PRICE TWO DOLLARS PER ANN.] 1793
MONDAY, FEBRUARY 18, 1793.
[NUMBER 118—VOL 3.
WHERE LIBERTY DWELLS, THERE IS MY COUNTRY.
Franklin. 1793
UNITED STATES. CONGRESS. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. SATURDAY, January 5.
REDUCTION OF THE MILITARY ESTABLISHMENT. (Concluded from our last)
MR. STEELE then refuted the objection against the militia on account of their waste and expence, which Mr. W. had alluded to. The law allows a mounted volunteer, furnishing himself with a good horse, good arms, provisions, and every other necessary, except ammunition, at his own risque and expence, one dollar per day. The exact expence of such an expedition, can be calculated. Whether successful or not, the charge to the public cannot be encreased. The contractors, quartermasters and hospital departments are all avoided, with the abuses, expences and frauds attending such establishments. Mr. Steele enlarged upon this point, and said that there were always found to be the most expensive departments in any army, and that the federal treasury had felt their effects already. In favour of the militia, it may be asked, who fought the battle of Bunker's Hill? Who fought the battle of New Jersey? Who have fought the Indians so often with success, under General Wilkinson, Scott, Sevier and others? Who marched in 1776 under General Rutherford, through the Cherokee nation, laid waste their country, and forced them to peace? Who fought the battles of South Carolina, under the command of an honorable member, now present? Delicacy forbids me to enlarge upon his successes in his presence.
Who fought the ever-memorable battles of Cowpens, King's Mountain, Hanging Rock, Blackstocks, the Pivots, on which the revolution turned in the southern states? In short, who fought all the battles of the southern states, while we had a mere handful of regular troops, scarcely the shadow, much less the reality of an army?
They were all fought by freemen, the substantial freeholders of the country: men who were sensible of their rights, and fought for them.
Such men will not enlist in regular armies, nor will any one who has the disposition, or the constitution of a freeman. It would give me pain to describe the trash which composes all regular armies: they enlist for three dollars a month; which, in a country like the United States, is a sufficient description of their bodies as well as their minds. Such men are not fit to combat the most active enemy in the world. Here Mr. Steele read Major Gaither's and Major Trueman's depositions, respecting the defeat of the 4th November, 1791, stating, that they could not see the Indians, because they were behind trees, &c.: that the regular troops tried, but could not fight that way; that they seemed to be stupid, and incapable of resistance; and that if any General in the world had commanded such men that day, he must have been defeated as they were.
An additional argument, and one of the most weighty too, against regular expeditions, in this species of warfare, is that by the slowness of their movements, the force of the enemy may be concentrated,—time is afforded them to form alliances, and to confederate against those whom they consider a common enemy. It is otherwise with militia incursions. He offered a number of reasons to shew that it was so, and how essential for the interest of the United States, to adopt a policy calculated to detach the tribes from each other as much as possible.
But it has been said, these men were not regular troops. Mr. Steele asked, what then were they? They surely were not militia.
The last objection, and the least serious of all, to this motion, is the expectations of a treaty in the spring. Mr. Steele said, if he thought the gentleman who threw this difficulty in the way, believed himself that we have any reason to expect a permanent peace from the treaty now proposed, it may deserve an answer. Facts are more to be relied upon than words: from the channel through which these propositions have come—from the whole complexion of their talks, and from the late attack on Major Adair, it may safely be asserted, that no peace can be effected in the spring.
He recapitulated some of the difficulties which this motion had to contend with, and said, that he could mention others, if he was at liberty to do so. Under such circumstances, success is hardly to be expected; but he knew that the merits of the motion deserved it.
He could not sit down, without making one remark upon the calculation and statement of expences in the war department, offered to the committee by Mr. Wadsworth last Wednesday; and tho' the gentleman then spoke unguardedly of my calculations, I feel too much delicacy to retort. I stated
at the commencement of this debate, that in 1792, there was appropriated by law for the Quarter-Master's Department, 50,000 dollars; Mr. Wadsworth states to have been in that year appropriated by law, 120,000
Difference, 70,000
I have re-examined my statement, compared it with the law, and it was correct; and there is no document in possession of the House to prove, either that his statement is so, or that mine is not so.
Indeed, the inaccuracy of his statement is explained and proved by this single circumstance: In 1792 the law appropriated 50,000 for that department, on an estimate of 2128 non-commissioned officers and privates, and in 1793, which is the most extravagant estimate we have ever had, the Secretary at War only demands for the Quarter-Master's Department, on an establishment of 5120 non-commissioned officers and privates, the sum of 100,000 dollars. Is it reasonable to suppose, that an army of 2000 men, would require more stores, than an army of 5000? Or has it been customary for that office to lessen the demands, as the establishment encreased? The appropriation laws, and the Treasury of the United States, can answer this question. The gentleman's statement is inaccurate in more instances than this—but one is enough for my purpose. Having made this appear, Mr. Steele said, he would not speak again, nor would he hold himself bound to reply to any observations that might be made, either in regard to his motion or his calculations.
Mr. Kittera delivered a short speech against the present reduction of the army; but we did not hear him properly.
Mr. Hillhouse, who had hitherto sat silent, observed that nothing new had been advanced in the whole course of this long debate, but what he had heard mentioned last winter in the house. He was then opposed in principle to a war establishment and he still retained the same opinion; but from the complexion of affairs, it appeared to him, that he ought to submit, and give up his own opinion to the general sense of the legislature, which at present seemed to be, for persevering in the system already adopted, and which, as it had scarcely had time for a fair trial, he thought therefore, ought not to be arrested, perhaps in the very instant its efficacy was to be expected. If peace should not be established during the next summer, he would then join with such members as would propose a better system—but as the law provides for the discretionary powers of the executive, it would be best to rely on them—a standing army he said was a thing impossible to be accomplished in the United States whilst the House of Representatives have the power of granting money only for two years at any time; he therefore had no fears on that score. An army existing in time of peace, was the idea he had of a standing army: and not an army embodied for only a year or two: upon the whole, it would be as expensive to disband the present force, and institute another of militia, &c. as it will be to keep up the existing establishment for a little longer time, it was therefore his advice, to let the matter rest where it was, with the executive of the present. But in case of a peace not being accomplished within a reasonable period, he would join those who would be for a change in the system; and he was clearly of opinion, that a system might easily be adopted, not only to protect our frontiers by repelling the Savages, but to exterminate them altogether.
Mr. Findley felt himself inclined to say a word or two more in reply to Mr. Steele. He thought it would be unjust to lay so much of the weight of protecting the frontiers on the militia only. He expatiated on the meaning of the word militia, as defined by law, &c. He also remarked, that however it might be fashionable to despise the levies, yet among them there were examples of great bravery to be found and particularly in one battalion of the unfortunate army on the 4th of November, 1791. He noticed the well conducted retreat of Major Clarke, and the success of General Broadhead up the Allegheny.
It was unjust to expect to raise enough of militia in the back parts of Pennsylvania, and the inhabitants of Virginia are so dispersed near the frontiers, that they cannot be expected from that state. With respect to the men who went out with General Harmer, and whose time of enlistment expired soon after they reached the scene of operation, many of them staid and settled in that country. He again repeated the injustice of calling out heads of families from one part of the frontier; and above all, he lamented the risque and loss of lives. But if it should be determined to carry on the war with militia, let them be called from all parts of the United States: The burthen already laid on a part of the inhabitants is extremely unequal, and must not lay longer on them.
Let the troops now raising be disciplined. I am informed, said he, that many of them are considerably advanced in point of discipline, and may before spring become expert soldiery; let these go on in the present system, and let the militia also be kept up or encreased, until the object shall be attained for which the law was intended, and then, and not before, it may be proper to talk of reducing the present establishment; we are now gone forward into such a situation as it would be extremely imprudent to retreat from.
Mr. Williamson here brought forward his amendment to Mr. Steele's motion, mentioned already at the beginning of this sketch: Mr. Gerry seconded it, and supported it by a train of arguments, drawn from the doubtfulness of peace, the propriety of incorporating militia with regular troops, &c.
Mr. Murray delivered some opinions on the preceding arguments of all the members, and remarked, that the army under the present establishment had no right to be compared to, or called a standing army; it bore no more comparison, he said, to a standing army than a Camelion to an Owl.
Mr. Wadsworth closed this tedious debate with a few further explanations, &c. he accounted for the difference between his calculations and those of the gentleman from N. C. by observing that he got some of his statements from the War-office. Mr. Steele's were taken from the appropriation laws, and in one instance he had under rated the appropriations. With regard to the opinions he had delivered on the militia, he had never meant to traduce the character of militia, because he had often experienced their brilliant actions; his arguments went no farther, than to shew that the operations of regular troops were in general more effectual.—He never wished to detract from the honor of militia, but only to remark that they were not so efficient as regular troops.
The question on the original motion being now put, was negatived, by a majority of eight.
FROM A LONDON PAPER.
UNKNOWN SUICIDE.
ABOUT seven years ago, a gentleman of a singular appearance came to an inn at Farmingham, and abode about three weeks, during which time he always appeared very melancholly, frequently taking solitary walks, and having all the appearance of a man in a desponding state of mind; and having one morning laid longer in bed than usual, some of the family went into his room, found him dead, having, as was supposed, taken a dose of Ladanum.
The following was found written on a chair by his bed side. Who he was has not yet been discovered.
Loft to the world—and by the world forsaken, wretched creature!
After groaning under a weary life Upwards of thirty-two years, without knowing one happy hour.
And all
The consequence of one single Error, committed in early days; tho' highly venial, As being the mere effort of juvenile folly, and soon repented of:
The poor Prodigal
Had no kind Father that would take him home; and welcome back his sad repentant virtue, with fond forgiveness, and the fatted calf.
Here
Sinks beneath the mighty loads of ills, And with
His miserable being, lays them down, Heart Broken,
At the Age of Fifty.
Tender Reader, give him a little earth, For Charity.
APHORISMS.
YOUNG men—know, that downright decision, on things which only experience can teach, is the credential of vain impertinence!
Keep your heart from him who begins his acquaintance with you by indirect flattery of your favorite paradox or foible.
The hottest water extinguishes fire, and the affected heart of a cold character, friendship.
He who gives himself airs of importance, exhibits the credentials of impotence.
Who lies in wait for errors, neither to mend them in persons, nor to justify his choice in things, is on a road where good hearts are seldom met.
A GOOD HEART.
A SPEAKER is but a prater, a rhyme is but a ballad; a good leg will fail, a strait back will stoop, a black beard will turn white, a curl'd pate will grow bald, a fair face will wither, full eye will wax hollow—but a good heart Kate, is the sun and the moon, or rather the sun and not the moon; for it shines bright and never changes, but keeps its course truly.

Foreign Advices.
DUBLIN, November 17.
WE hear that our Government and Ministry are instructed from the Cabinet of St. James's, to grant every reasonable privilege that may be requested by any of his Majesty's faithful subjects at the opening of the session; a circumstance that must rejoice all true friends to this country, which then and only then, can enjoy its natural and local advantages, at present cramped and smothered by political prohibitions and partial laws.
PARIS, November 14.
Extract of a letter from Worms.
"To describe the terror and anguish which pervaded every breast at the entrance of the French into this city, would even baffle the powers of conception. Nothing was to be heard but confused cries and moans. The gates were immediately shut, and nobody durst either pass or repass. The enormous contribution was exacted with threats, and no one durst fly, under pain of death. General Custine declared that if the contribution was not raised and paid when the clock struck 12, he would plant his cannon in all the streets and batter the town into a heap of ruins. All the Magistrates, women and children, fell at his feet, and craved mercy and compassion; but the General seemed inexorable: yet he lamented, he said, that he had orders to act with such severity. Every one brought what he could raise in money, and offered to pay the deficiency in effects of value. But Custine said, he wanted nothing but money, which he must have. It being an entire impossibility, he took the hostages with him.
His men durst not commit the smallest excess. He ordered thirty of them and a Captain to be shot at Spires, and one of them had only eat a grape. We cannot lavish too much praise on the French soldiers, who mingled their tears with ours at the inexorable rigor of the General.—They all declared loudly that they would not obey the orders to batter the town into ruins, though we had been represented to them as their most inveterate enemies.—The officers advised us to write to France, and that the Convention would make restitution. The French took with them 15,000 tents which the emigrants had left in pledge here, and all the provisions and ammunition belonging to the Prussians and Austrians. The value of what has been taken by them from hence to Spires, is estimated at twenty millions of Rix dollars."
FRENCH NATIONAL CONVENTION.
Monday, November 12.
M. Valaze brought up a report from the committee appointed to collect proofs of criminality against Louis XVI.
He began a long speech on this subject by observing the extreme difficulty attending upon their operations, on account of the immense number of letters, full of symbolical characters, obscure expressions, and equivocal meanings. Those were grossly deceived who believed Louis Capet to be a simple man, for all the world would be convinced of the contrary.
Among the number of despatches now before him, several proved the transmission of immense sums to the rebels, and pointed out the names of the principal accomplices.
He now begged leave to enumerate a few of the many flagrant proofs of guilt on the part of the ci-devant King:—
I. A receipt from Bouille, dated Mayence, Oct. 15, 1791, containing an account of the expenditure of the sum of 993 millions, issued for the formation of the camp at Montmedy. This money has been distributed among the following persons, viz. Monsieur, the Comte de Artois, the Prince de Nassau, the Duke de Choiseul, Demandell, Bon Hamilton, Lassalle, Weyman, and several other general officers and private persons.
II. Another, signed Choiseul Stainville, attested the receipt and distribution of 600,000 livres.
III. A letter stating that the diamonds of Madame Elizabeth had been transmitted on the 22d of June, 1791, to an officer of hussars, who had carried them to the brothers of the late King.
IV. A paper, proving that the Editor of the Postillon de la Guerre , a newspaper, had received 8000 livres from the Civil List, and the Logographe no less than 60,000 livres, during the space of three months only.
V. A great number of letters, &c. &c. proving that Louis Capet was a monopolizer of corn, sugar, and coffee. These monopolies were made in foreign countries; the Treasurer of the Civil-list superintended the business; and was ordered to advance to the amount of three millions.
VI. A new order of chivalry, introduced under the name of Chevaliers de la Reine ; the decoration of this order consisted of a medal, one side of which was adorned with the portrait of the Queen, the other had the following inscription—
Magnum Regiae nomen obumbrat.
Several persons had received this decoration, notwithstanding an express decree, forbidding the creation of any new orders of chivalry.
VII. A bundle of papers which prove that a person of the name of Gilles had received 12,000 livres, in order to pay a band of 60 men, against the express letters of the constitution, which forbids the
King to raise or maintain any armed men, without the permission of the legislature.
VIII. A cartoon full of proofs that Louis Capet had continued the pay of such of his body guards as had emigrated to Coblenz; that a number of conspirators were constantly assembled at the Thuilleries; that Bouille had the audacity to repair there since the invasion projected in 1791; and that from the day that the ci-devant Comte d'Artois had been decreed to be in a state of accusation, Louis XVI. had assigned a pension of 100,000 livres to his children.
M. Valaze concluded his report with a variety of remarks on the inviolability of the sovereign.
FRENCH EMIGRANTS.
As the decree of the National Convention, which condemns the emigrants to perpetual exile, is interesting to so many persons who have taken refuge in this and other countries, we subjoin a correct copy of it, with an abstract of the debate.
On Friday, October 19, the committee of Legislation proposed—
"Death and confiscation of property to all Emigrants who inhabit, or have inhabited, countries at war with the Republic. "Confiscation of property to all who inhabit countries not at war with the Republic. "Death to all who have aided, excited, or favoured emigration."
The proposition of the Committee being the order of the day,
GARNER said there was no reason for making any distinction between the emigrants who have taken refuge in Germany, and those who have sought an asylum in other countries. All were equally culpable, and deserved the same fate. The Princes were not more guilty than the traitor, the wretch Maury, who had obtained a Cardinal's hat, only to give one more proof of the degradation and contempt into which the tiara was plunged. Maury was not more guilty than D'Aligre, a magistrate, the disgrace of the tribunal in which he presided, and who was now basely intriguing in England against the liberty of his country. He proposed,
"Death and confiscation of property to all emigrants who have taken refuge in countries at war with France, or who have counselled or favoured emigration. "Confiscation to all who have taken up their residence in neutral countries, or who have remained at home themselves, but sent and maintained a person to represent them among the emigrants."
After several other plans had been proposed,
OSSOLIN, the Reporter from the Committee of Legislation, said they differed only from the Committee in thinking that the punishment of death ought to extend to all Emigrants without distinction, while the Committee thought it would be barbarous to extend it to those who had emigrated from weakness or from fear. To decide upon this point, in the first instance, would shorten the debate.
The Convention adopted this mode of discussion.
Buzot—"There is a law which pronounces death on all emigrants taken with arms in their hands, and it would be hard, indeed, to involve in the same punishment the man who has fled his country in order to take arms against it, and the coward who has abandoned it through fear or through folly. Both are unworthy the name of Frenchmen: The first ought to be brought to the scaffold; the second to be banished forever.—Recollect that emigration is not in itself a crime; it can only be held so in such critical circumstances as ours; and, at worst, can never amount to such a degree of guilt as that of bearing arms against one's country.—They who emigrate with not to live among you, under your social compact. Very well! they must be excluded from it; they must be banished; and you may do so without violating either principles or justice. They ought not to suffer death but in case of returning to France after their banishment; and they will not then be punished for emigrating, but for disobeying the law. I therefore move—"Death to all Emigrants taken with arms in their hands, and perpetual punishment to all others."
DANTON—"I support Buzot's motion, and have but one remark to add. Undoubtedly when liberty is in danger, the thirst for the blood of all who conspire against her; but when triumphant, when she strikes terror into the souls of tyrants, humanity should take the place of revenge, and the legislature should pass no laws but such as are dispassionate and just. By the motion made to you this object is perfectly obtained. So much the more, that you only perpetuate the punishment which the emigrants by flying from their country imposed upon themselves."
The Convention decreed,
"That all the French actually Emigrants are banished forever from the territory of the republic, and that all of them who shall return to it, in contempt of this law, shall be punished with death; without, however, derogating from the former decree, which condemns French Emigrants, taken with arms in their hands, to the punishment of death."
L O N D O N, November 20.
The French, it is said, meditate an attack on Jersey, to pursue the Emigrants, who are there assembled in great numbers.
The political principles of the French are fostered in Holland with uncommon zeal. The National Cockade is publicly worn, and the Republic openly
talk of demanding a National Reform, an equal Representation by the general voice of the People, a limited Civil List, no hereditary Chief Magistrate and an Exercise of the Right in Armies to choose their own Officers.
In consequence of the determination of the Extraordinary Council, held on Wednesday night, three armed troops have been ordered to the northern ports, where the sailors continue to demand, tumultuously, an increase of wages.
The French have taken possession of capital salt mines at Nauheim belonging to the Landgrave of Hesse-Cassel, and made 150 men prisoners.
A weaver, in the neighborhood of Halifax, has invented a machine for weaving woolen cloths in any shape. He has lately finished a coat, waistcoat and breeches, without a seam.
There is a report in town that the French Princes will shortly arrive in England.
Between the incursions of the Austrians into French Flanders, and those of the French into the circles of the Rhine, there is this striking difference—the former pillage, massacre and burn, and leave nothing behind them but the marks of devastation and the desire of vengeance—the latter seize and destroy only military stores, levy contributions on the wealthy who have openly abetted their enemies, are careful not to violate the person or property of the peaceful inhabitant, and leave nothing behind them but a favourable impression of the Rights of Man.
Were it not for these wicked and abominable rights of man, the conduct of the French might be entitled to praise: but proceeding from them, it is like "good works without faith," which divines say, "they doubt not partake of the sin."
An event has lately happened which may accelerate the rupture between France and Spain, and give the latter a pretext for a war, without mentioning the King, or Revolution of France. The event is this:—
The French stopped in the port of Villa Franca, a Spanish vessel with 3600 measures of wheat on board. The vessel was immediately seized, and as her cargo was intended for the use of the Sardinian army, the French declared her to be a lawful prize, notwithstanding the remonstrances of the owner, and his appeal to peace and treaties subsisting between France and Spain, the laws of the nations and the freedom of navigation.—How this business will terminate is not for us to foresee.
INSULT offered to the BRITISH FLAG.
On the authority of a respectable correspondent, we announce to the public, that the Captain of a French frigate, in the harbor of Genoa, has lately dared to offer an unpardonable insult to the British flag—the particulars are as follows:—
"Rear-Admiral Goodal, who, with his squadron in the harbor of Genoa, was celebrating the loyal felicity of the accession of his Sovereign to the Throne of Great-Britain, by hoisting all the colors and pendants, and a discharge of the artillery, received, as usual a complementary return from every ship in the harbor, except by a French frigate, whose name our correspondent does not mention. The Admiral, ascribing this either to forgetfulness or ignorance of the French Commander, sent him three different summonses to return the courtesy, but haughty Monsieur thrice refused compliance.
The Admiral fired with indignation at such a conduct, fired several broadsides into the French ship, whom he must have sunk in a few minutes, had it not been for the interference of the Magistrates, who solicited the Admiral in the most urgent manner, to moderate his resentment.
The Admiral, with dignified condescension yielded to their representations, but said the French frigate should not quit the harbor without farther orders from him.
The matter rested thus when this account came away, and may, it is supposed, lead to more serious consequences."
Extracts of Letters from Brussels.
"The flagrant exploits of the Austrians in French Flanders greatly exceed those of the Prussians in Champagne, for which reason it is said the Duke of Saxe Teichen disputes with a certain great personage the title of Knight of the Burning Mansion .—Above a thousand houses have been burnt at Lille, Valenciennes, Maubeuge, and Philipville.
"This morning I have been in company with a traveller, who assures me that he encountered upon the frontiers of Luxemburgh, Sir Frederick, the Knight-errant of the North , returning from his flagrant expedition; he was covered with rusty armour from head to foot, a sword in one hand and a firebrand in the other: in his face were painted Pride in mortification , and Fury in despair . At his heels followed honest Burntwig , his trusty squire, with sad dejected looks. My traveller adds, that the faithful squire laments in doleful strains the misfortune befallen his periwig; it is singed from ear to ear, and a sprig of laurel which he had placed in it for ornament, is totally consumed. Alas! it is gone, that laurel, it is become the prey of the flames—how transient is human glory! Burntwig ! whose head was one of the best be-laurelled in Europe, is now pointed at by the boys in the villages where he passes. What mostly grieves the poor squire is, that he should have destroyed his peruke, and the bauble he had stuck in it, by a mal-adroit use of those very fire brands with which he thought to grill and carbonado his enemies: he repents a thousand times not to have kept his ancient, honest and plain way of fighting. One thing, however, affords him some consolation for the damage done his coxcom ; he hopes that as he has fired the houses of the Jacobins about their ears, some of their capitals will be reduced to as wretched a condition as his own ."

UNITED STATES.
NEW-YORK, January 24.
It is to be lamented that at most of our elections, a supineness and inattention prevails among our best citizens, which is seriously alarming to every well-wither to his country. Can any man who reflects one moment on the importance of the sacred right of suffrage, ever neglect to exercise it? Does not every thing now, dear to us turn upon this pivot? Is not every thing to be expected from a good—every thing to be dreaded from a bad representation? And can it be a matter of indifference, whether the first commercial city in the union is to appear with reputation or disgrace in the national government? For shame! For shame! my fellow-citizens! Let every man of you conscientiously consider, how much he has to answer for, who neglects to vote? That he is particeps criminis of all the political mischiefs that may happen to his country; he is a political parasite, nay worse, a political suicide of his own most invaluable rights.
Extract of a letter from London, dated the 12th of November last.
"I am sorry to find, that your late speculations in the American funds have not been more favorable, as you wished and had a right to expect; the price here has had little variation since my last, but I would advise you by no means to despair of their turning to a proper account ere long. I ground this opinion upon the best information, and you may rest assured, that the American government, and their national character, is growing into great estimation, and the surprising increase of their resources, which are known here to every man of the smallest information, will establish your public credit; and shortly place it on a footing with that of any other government. The discontents prevailing in this kingdom, and particularly in Ireland, fill many of the monied men with disagreeable apprehensions; and I know already some who have turned their eyes towards your funds; and have it certainly in contemplation to place their money capital in them, which they will do if the public mind becomes a little more agitated; at any rate you may, I think, with safety count upon a considerable rise, as there seems a great probability of peace taking place between the powers at war on the continent."
"The King of Prussia will certainly change his system, as it regards France, and it is not doubted, that the Turks will be prevailed upon to declare war against the Emperor, and likewise the tyrant of Russia. Should the former continue his hostile disposition, and the latter act offensively towards that Republic, it is well known that the Turks, aided by the marine of France, will be very formidable to these two powers in that quarter of their dominions, and make such impressions on those despots as may give a fatal blow to their greatness."
"These circumstances are well known here, which, together with the new order of things, will have a proper weight with the belligerent powers, and incline them to pacific measures; in which sentiments they will be aided by this country, as well as Spain and Portugal, for very wise reasons. Upon the whole, I think it demonstrable that either peace or war will raise the credit of your stocks much above what they have ever been in this country."
PHILADELPHIA, February 2.
There was lately deposited in Mr. Peale's Museum, a specimen of ore brought from a mine in the county of Jefferson, south west territory of the United States, 100wt. of which produces 80lbs of good lead.
A mine was lately discovered near the Delaware, about 30 miles above Easton, which is said to contain very valuable silver ore; about 15 tons of it were a few weeks since brought to this city, and shipped for England.
We are informed, that when Mr. Blanchard, after his aerial excursion, on the 9th inst. was attempting to descend from his perpendicular height of two miles, he was espied by two Jersey farmers, a few miles beyond Woodbury, in Gloucester county, one of whom was so terrified, that taking the aeronaut for some skyman, hostily inclined, he ran to his house for a gun, to defend himself. It was in vain that Mr. Blanchard called to them for assistance in mooring his balloon; their fears conquered every other consideration; and it was not till some citizens of Philadelphia came up, who had followed on horseback, that he was safely landed.
Perhaps few crowned heads have ever been more completely duped than the present king of Prussia. Several accounts agree that at the very time he was attacking France, the Empress of Russia and the Emperor of Germany had agreed to divide his kingdom between them. The packet containing the articles of this infamous agreement being intercepted by Gen. Dumourier, and by him instantly communicated to the king of Prussia, appears to have been the cause of that sudden retreat on the part of the Prussian monarch, which at the time appeared so unaccountable to politicians.
That government where corruption is the great engine, extortion and oppression are the means, and the people are subjects;—but where government is supported by military force, tyranny, injustice and violence in every shape are the tools, and the people are slaves. Such as the last, is that of Russia.
Upwards of 400 000 human butchers are taken from a population of 30 millions, and this number must be kept complete, and selected with care from among the able bodied men in the country. The
mode of recruiting in England is said to be oppressive, but in Russia it is accompanied with every aggravating circumstance. The Russian army, wherever it passes, robs the country of its finest men, without acquiescence on the part of the enlisted, expressed, or implied, or without enquiring whether he be the father of a numerous offspring, or the only support of aged parents: bodily infirmity alone plead exemption.
BALTIMORE, Feb. 4.
If the newspaper account received of the ballots in the several states of Vice-President, be true, they will appear as follow:
   Adams. Clinton.     New-Hampshire, 6   Massachusetts, 16   Rhode-Island, 4   Connecticut, 9   New-York, 12   New-Jersey, 7   Pennsylvania, 14 2   Delaware, 3   Maryland, 10   Virginia, 21   North-Carolina, 12   South-Carolina, 7 and 1 for A. Burr.   Georgia, 4   76 50  
MARTINSBURG, FEBRUARY 18.
The successes of the French arms over despotism have been celebrated by the inhabitants of many of the principal cities and towns in the United States, with such manifestations of sincere attachment to that nation, and to the cause of freedom in general, as will reflect lasting honor upon them. It will undoubtedly afford no inconsiderable satisfaction to that nation to learn in how eminent a degree the United States partake of the felicity, which it is firmly believed they must now realize. It will strengthen the friendship which is already very strong between them and ourselves: It will confirm them in the belief, that our professions of regard for them as a nation, and for the noble cause they have espoused, flow from the purest source. It is impossible that the flame of liberty should be confined to France. It will indubitably burst in a glorious conflagration upon the darkened regions of despotism, and spread over enslaved Europe. From Europe it will unavoidably extend to Asia and Africa, and over the whole world there shall be LIGHT. As long, therefore, as they possess that generous spirit of philanthropy, which no doubt emanated from the Great Source of all good, so long will the sons of Columbia have reason to rejoice.—The cause of freedom has received such vigorous support, that wherever it shall find advocates, we have reason to believe that they will be invincible. Liberty and Equality convey ideas so animating and engaging, that they can never be eradicated from any bosom where they have been once implanted. Every subject of despotic government will learn the reasons of the French Revolution; and will learn also, that they themselves are entitled to the same freedom and the same felicity. We hope it will shortly be in the power of all nations of the earth to sing of despots, "HOW ARE THE MIGHTY FALLEN!"
A letter of the 23d of November, from Liverpool, to a gentleman in Baltimore, states, that it is expected, that all Tithes will shortly be abolished.
The Printers of The Connecticut Courant , of January 27, inform the Public, with an air of self-gratulation, that "there is no common hangman in that state." A correspondent desires them to recollect, however, that this circumstance will not save them from hanging on the gallows , in case of "misbehaviour."
Letters from Europe mention the Prince of Hesse to be in a deep decline; supposed to be owing to his present embarrassing situation in his revenues, not receiving thirty pounds a man for all the Hessian troops that are killed.
Since the National Convention of France began to agitate the question of the trial of Louis XVI. it is said he has fallen into a profound melancholy.
A wag, some time ago advertised a carriage to perform without horses, with only one wheel, and invited the curious mechanics to see it. Many of the Members of the Society of Arts attended, and in the ardor of expectation were flown—a wheelbarrow .
Married, on Thursday the 14th inst. by the Rev. Mr. HILL, Mr. MATTHEW FRAME, of Charles-town, Merchant, to Miss MARY GIBBS, near Winchester. A young lady possessed of every qualification requisite to embellish and dignify the wife—a circumstance which will never fail to render the most happy the Husband conscious of the worth of such an inestimable jewel, as that of a beauteous, delicate, and truly virtuous Woman!
"May, with the graces, the laughing Loves incessantly preside, And ever smooth the trying checker'd scenes of life! Waft them gently down time's rapid rocky stream— And, finally land them in the haven of immortal joy."
BANKS.
A Nobleman's footman in England, to whom two years wages was due, demanded the sum from his master, and gave notice that he should quit his employ: The Master enquired the reason of the fellow's precipitancy, who told his Lordship, "that he and another servant were about to set up a Country Bank , and they wanted the wages for a Capital!!"
having been dissolved, by mutual consent, on the 1st inst. all persons to whom they are indebted, are desired to call on GEORGE MOORE & CO. for payment; and those indebted to them are requested, in like manner, to call and discharge the same.
GEORGE MOORE, ROBERT YOUNG.
ROBERT YOUNG has removed to his Store, in Fairfax-Street, opposite Mr. Lockwood's Library
Alexandria, Jan. 16, 1793.
NOTICE.
ALL Persons indebted to the Subscriber, by note or book account, are desired to make payment by the 1st day of March next; and those that have any claims against him, are likewise desired to bring in their accounts regularly stated, so that the same may be adjusted. Those that fail may depend on being prosecuted immediately, without respect of persons.
He will also dispose of by private sale,
THE HOUSE AND LOT
He at present occupies, in Burke-Street, Martinsburg. There are good buildings on said premises, consisting of a Log House, Brick Smith-Shop, &c.
The terms will be made known by applying to JACOB FINK.
February 16, 1793.
NOTICE.
ALL Persons indebted to Mr. William Spalding, of Shepherd's-Town, either by bond, note, or book account, or in any other manner, are requested immediately to call on the Subscriber, who is authorised by the Trustees of said Spalding, to settle his affairs: In order that there may be dispatch in this business, it is hoped that proper attention will be paid to this Notice, so as to prevent the disagreeable consequences that must arise from delay. Constant attendance will be given by me, at the house of Mr. Cornelius Wynkoop, where I have the books and papers.
REUBEN ETTING.
Shepherd's-Town, February 4, 1793.
SPRING BARLEY.
Wanted to purchase, a quantity of SPRING BARLEY. Inquire of the Printer.
WAR DEPARTMENT.
INFORMATION is hereby given to all the military invalids of the United States, that the sums to which they are intitled for six months of their annual pension, from the 4th day of September, 1792, and which will become due on the 5th day of March, 1793, will be paid on the same day by the Commissioners of the Loans within the states respectively, under the usual regulations, viz.
Every application for payment must be accompanied by the following vouchers.
1st. The certificate given by the state, specifying that the person possessing the same is in fact an invalid, and ascertaining the sum to which as such he is annually entitled.
2d. An affidavit, agreeably to the following form.
A. B. came before me, one of the Justices of the county of _____ in the state of _____ and made oath that he is the same A. B. to whom the original certificate in his possession was given, of which the following is a copy (the certificate given by the state to be recited) That he served _____ (regiment, corps or vessel) at the time he was disabled, and that he now resides in the _____ and county of _____ and has resided there for the last _____ years, previous to which he resided in _____
In case an invalid should apply for payment by an Attorney, the said Attorney, besides the certificate and oath before recited, must produce a special letter of attorney agreeably to the following form:
I, A. B. of _____ county of _____ state of _____ do hereby constitute and appoint C. D. of _____ my lawful Attorney to receive in my behalf of my pension for six months, as an invalid of the United States, from the fourth day of September, one thousand seven hundred and ninety-two, and ending the fourth day of March, one thousand seven hundred and ninety-three.
Signed and sealed in the presence of
Witnesses.
Acknowledged before me,
Applications of executors and administrators must be accompanied with legal evidence of their respective offices, and also of the time the invalids died, whose pension they may claim.
By command of the President of the United States,
H. KNOX, Secretary of War.
The Printers in the respective states are requested to publish the above in their newspapers, for the space of two months.

SEAT OF THE MUSES.
SONG.
ON THE INVINCIBLE DUKE OF BRUNSWICK.
THE news is arriv'd that Brunswick is damn'd, His army defeated, their stomachs well cram'd With good Gallic metal, whose force sent to hell Some thousands of Austrians and Prussians, pell-mell. Derry Down, &c.
This despot, elated with self arrogance, With legions of vassals march'd over to France— Old Belzebub whisper'd success in his ear; But shame and confusion have mark'd his career. Derry down.
The famous Don Quixotte was wiser by far, When he 'gainst the windmills with fury wag'd war, Than Brunswick the tyrant, who thought to enslave The wise and the valiant, the noble and brave. Derry down.
This pitiful Duke, of true courage devoid, Of French powder scent soon his heart became cloy'd His fighting command he no longer would bear, But flew to his country with trembling and fear. Derry down.
Ye lovers of Freedom exult and rejoice— Attend at the Liberty pole in a trice, And there let us drink and bless the sweet day That brought us our Freedom, and George lost his fway. Derry down.
And then let us toast the brave Ajax of France, And great Dumourier, who made the Duke dance; Likewise that Grand Body, who're all of one mind And e'er will support the rights of mankind. Derry down.
And next let us drink, "May the gout in the breast "Attend all the tyrants from th' East to the West; "May Liberty flourish throughout the whole world "And all its opponents to hell be soon hurl'd." Derry down.
EPITAPH ON A LAWYER.
HIC JACET JOHANUS STRAW, Who forty years follow'd the law, When he dy'd, The devil cry'd "JOHN, give us your paw."
Mr. & Mrs. Jones,
From Annapolis, Proposes to open, on the first Monday in February,
A Boarding School,
For the Improvement of YOUNG LADIES; and as they are Qualified by a very Liberal Education, they hope to acquire and retain the Encouragement of the Public.
In this School will be taught Reading, Writing and Arithmetic, Tambour and Dresden, English and French Embroidery, Drawing and Painting in Water Colours, Geography, Filegree and Riband work, plain and coloured Needle work of all kinds, INSTRUMENTAL MUSIC, Seed, Shell, and Paper Work, &c. &c.
Mr. JONES will also Teach, in a Separate House, a few YOUNG GENTLEMEN English Grammar, Reading, Writing, Arithmetic and Book-Keeping.—
Every requisite Attention will be paid to the Scholars with respect to their Morals and Conduct.
For Terms apply to the Subscribers living in the House formerly occupied by Mr. Riddle. Elizabeth (Hager's) Town, January 18, 1793.
SIX PENCE REWARD.
RAN away from the Subscriber, an apprentice boy, by the name of MICHAEL BURK. Whoever returns the said runaway to me, shall be entitled to the above reward, but receive, no thanks. JOHN RICHARDSON. Shepherd's-Town, Jan. 24, 1793.
Subscriptions for this paper, at Two Dollars per annum, free of postage, are received at Winchester, by Capt. JOHN BRADY.
James Graham,
MOST respectfully acquaints his Friends and the Public, that he has removed from the house he lately occupied, opposite the Sign of the Ship, to the RED HOUSE of Mr. Frederick Snyder's, (noted by a PUMP before the door) where he is now completely furnished in every respect, for the genteel entertainment of travelling and other Gentlemen. Martinsburg, 6th February, 1793.
SWAN TAVERN. MARTINSBURG.
Will m . Craghill, jun.
HAVING removed into his house, lately occupied by Mr. JAMES GRAHAM, and furnished himself with every necessary supply, suitable for a Public House, now offers his services to such Gentlemen as may please to favour him with their commands; and assures them, that every possible attention shall be paid to entertain them agreeably, and every endeavour used to afford entire satisfaction. Martinsburg, 6th February, 1793.
ONE DOLLAR REWARD.
RAN away from the Subscriber, living near Shepherd's-Town, a boy named JOHN REED, between sixteen and seventeen years old, rather under the common size of boys of his age, shews his fore teeth a little, and is rather hard favoured;—had on when he ran away a half-worn felt hat, a grey coating coat lined with crimson coloured durance, a waistcoat of a redish colour, his shirt of home-made linen, brown cloth overalls, white stockings, and shoes that had been half soled. I believe he has been persuaded away from me by some evil-disposed people, and therefore forewarn all such from harbouring or employing him, and will give One Dollar reward for securing him in any goal, or return him to me. MARY DARKE. January 16, 1793.
ALL Persons indebted to the Estate of George Stewart, deceased, are requested to settle their respective balances against Marsh Court next ensuing; those who do not may expect to be dealt with as the law directs, without discrimination of persons:—And all those having any demands against said Estate, are desired to bring in their accounts, properly attested, that they may be settled on Monday the 25th day of March next, at the house where-in Mr. Joseph Lomen now lives, in Middletown, which said house, formerly occupied as a tavern, is to be rented or sold, and possession given the first day of April next ensuing. HUGH STEWART, } Executors: JOHN GRAY. January 16th, 1793.
TAKEN up by the Subscriber, living near Keeptroft Furnace, a small bay MARE, with her sucking Colt—the Mare is shod all round, no brand, supposed about nine years old. She has been posted and appraised according to law. The owner is desired to prove his property, pay charges, and take her away. WILLIAM MERRIT. Berkeley County, January 14, 1793.
N O T I C E.
WHEREAS on the 2d instant, I gave a promissary Note to William Vanborne, of this county for the sum of twenty pounds, currency, one half of which sum payable the last of April next, the other half in September following, which Note was given in consideration for a horse purchased of said Vanborne, but as the said horse did not prove sound and free from defect, agreeable to the terms of the contract, I hereby forewarn all persons from taking an assignment on said Note, as I am determined not to pay it, unless compelled by law. ANDREW MCCORMICK. Berkeley, January 12, 1793.
A JOURNEYMAN PRINTER.
Wanted immediately, by the Printer hereof, An industrious Journeyman Printer, To whom constant employ will be given. A stout young lad would be taken as an Apprentice.
For Sale, at this Office, Blank Deeds of Bargain and Sale,
ALEXANDRIA, JANUARY 18 1793.
The SUBSCRIBER has just opened, A HOUSE OF ENTERTAINMENT, IN that noted and commodious Dwelling, lately occupied by Mr. JOHN WISE. He has supplied himself with a most excellent Cook, who was for many years employed as such by the President of the United States—has engaged two very complete Waiters—two active and smart hostlers—has been very particular in the choice of his liquors and selecting his provisions of every kind; and as he is determined to pay the strictest attention to his business, he flatters himself that those who may be pleased to favour him with their custom, will not find themselves disappointed at the usage they shall meet with.
JOHN ABERT.
N. B. An honest, sober and diligent young man, who can come well recommended, is wanted at said place, to act as a Bar-keeper.
At a Court continued and held for Berkeley County, the 22d day of November, 1792.
In CHANCERY.
John Potts, eldest son and heir at law, and Elizabeth Potts, daughter and legatee of Jonas Potts, dec. } Completes.
Against
George Beeler, administrator, &c. of William Vestall, dec. who was administrator of John Vestall, dec. who was executor of Jonas Potts, dec. and William Vestall, eldest son and heir at law of the said William Vestall, dec. who was eldest son and heir at law of the said John Vestall, dec. } Defrs.
THE defendant Beeler, not having entered his appearance, agreeable to an Act of Assembly, and according to the rules of this Court, and it appearing to the satisfaction of the Court, that he is not an inhabitant of this county on the motion of the complainants, by their counsel—It is ordered, that the said defendant Beeler do appear here, on the third Tuesday in March next, and answer the bill of the complainants—and that a copy of this order be forthwith published in the Virginia Gazette, for two months successively, and published at the church door in the parish of Norborne, on some Sunday immediately after divine service, and also at the door of the Court-house of the said County. A copy. Teste, MOSES HUNTER, c. c.
LANDS FOR LANDS.
TO BE DISPOSED OF,
FOUR Hundred Acres of Land, (called MAHON'S) lying on Buffalo-creek, Monongalia County, upon which there are upwards of 40 acres of the best meadow, a good mill seat and spring, and the land equal to any on the Western waters.
Three Hundred and eighty four acres adjoining, below, on same creek, a large proportion of meadow, and a good spring, the upland equal, which is held by settlement-right, and a general warrantee will be given.
One Thousand Acres on the Dunkard-mill run, a branch of said creek, held by preemption-right, of equal quality to the above, and the same warrantee will be given, all lying from 14 to 25 miles from Morgan-Town, and from 3 to 11 miles from Monongalia river—the State road from Morgan-Town to the little Kenhawa passes near or through the said land.
One Thousand Acres on Bingerman's creek, held by preemption-right, a great proportion of meadow, and well watered, which lies in the same county, the upland of good quality, about 10 miles farther from Morgan-Town.
One thousand acres on the little Kenhawa, about 14 miles from the mouth of said river, held by an old location on treasury-warrant, the land also very rich.
Any property in the counties of Berkeley or Frederick, negroes, or good bonds, will be taken in payment.
DAVID GRAY.
Berkeley, April 25, 1792.
FOR SALE,
449 Acres of LAND, lying on New-Creek, in Hampshire County, within 2 1/2 miles of Potomac River, 200 acres of which land are tillable, 50 acres are cleared and under fence, 4 or 5 acres are in good meadow, and much more may be added. The land is thin, but valuable, being convenient to navigation, which is daily improving—boats now load at the mouth of New-Creek. A general warrantee will be given the purchaser.
For terms, apply to THOMAS WHITTAKER, near Charlottown. Sept. 14, 1792.
The Subscribers for this Paper in the vicinity of Winchester, are informed, that their Papers are lodged every Tuesday evening, at Capt. John Brady's.