The Patowmac guardian, and Berkeley advertiser (Shepherdstown, Va. [W. Va.]), 1791-11-07 00:00:00

The POTOMAC GUARDIAN, and BERKELEY ADVERTISER.
PRICE TWO DOLLARS PER ANN.]
MONDAY, NOVEMBER 7, 1791.
[NUMBER 52 OF VOL. I.]
WHERE LIBERTY DWELLS, THERE IS MY COUNTRY.
Franklin.
TO BE SOLD, A Likely Negro wench,
About 28 years old, with her male child in its 4th year, and the wench now pregnant. She has been brought up chiefly to house work, can spin well on either wheel, and is a good hand at plantation work. For further particulars, inquire of the Printer.
Wanted immediately,
By the Subscriber, living near Opekean Creek, between Light's mill and the Swan Ponds, two good Journeymen SHOE-MAKERS, who shall have constant employ and good wages, from AARON FARIS. Berkeley County, October 24 1791.
8 Dollars Reward.
RAN away from the subscriber last night, a negro man named DAVID about 5 feet 9 inches high, between 35 and 40 years of age, had on and took with him a Russia sheeting shirt and trowsers, a jacket made in sailor's fashion, an old felt hat; he has a very remarkable thick lip, and a daring look; he was formerly the property of Doctor Williams, of this town. I will give a reward of four dollars to any person for taking up the said negro, within ten miles of home; and if a greater distance, eight dollars, besides reasonable charges, if brought home, paid by ZACCHEUS MORGAN. Shepherd's Town, October 31, 1791.
Wants employ, in a Merchant-Mill,
A Young Man who has been regularly bred to the Milling Business, and who would wish to engage with some person who carries on the business extensively, and will give suitable wages as a compensation for which, he will stand the inspection of the flour which may pass through his hands. Satisfactory recommendation will be given, if required. Inquire of the Printer.
FIVE POUNDS REWARD.
ESCAPED out of the subscriber's custody, some time in the month of May, a negro man named JACOB , who calls himself a freeman. Jacob is a low, well-made fellow, remarkably black, stoops a little in the neck, large head, small short chin, and has lost two teeth before, out of the right or left side of the upper jaw—this negro has been seen in Berkeley County, in the possession of a Mr. BURDESS, who claims him as his property. Whoever takes up said Negro, and conveys him to the keeper of the gaol of Prince William County, or the subscriber's house at Dumfries, in said County, shall receive the above reward, and all reasonable charges.
YELVERTON FEYTON Sheriff. (Prince William County.)
Octob. 8, 1791.
Any person having a new-milch COW to dispose of, may hear of a purchaser by applying at the Printing-Office.
A few Tickets in Mr. T. WHITE'S Lottery, are for sale at the Printing-Office.
Tickets in the New-Church Lottery, which is shortly to be drawn, may be had at the Printing Office.
THIS PAPER, No. 52, completes one year since its first publication:—The Editor returns the most grateful thanks to such as have encouraged his undertaking—and while he acknowledges the obligations he is under to those who have already complied with the terms of his subscription, whereby he has been enabled to prosecute his business thus far, he begs leave to acquaint those who still remain in arrears, that he shall, in the course of the present week, wait on them for payment....The terms of subscription for the ensuing year will be One Dollar entrance, and One Dollar at the expiration of the time, exclusive of a postage of two thirds of a Dollar per ann....The first payment he solicits his patrons to comply with, as he intends immediately to furnish himself with a complete assortment of types, the better to enable him to execute his business to the satisfaction of his employers, and with credit to himself.
Foreign Advices.
FRANCKFORT, August 10.
SINCE the conclusion, resolved on the 21 of last month by two of the three Colleges which compose the Diet of the Empire, the deliberations of the Germanic Body relative to France have been extended no further, and it will still be some time before these deliberations are attended by any success. They are in fact far from being unanimous; of the eight Electors, only four have concurred in the decree, viz. those of Mentz, Treves, Cologne, and Palatine; those of Bohemia, Saxony, Hanover, and Brandenburg, have avoided giving in their opinions to the College. The Bench of Counts of the Empire, and that of the Barons, have not explained themselves; and in the College of the cities the conclusion has not been deliberated. However, there is little to fear; the complaints of the Princes of the Empire, in which the reigning Duke of WIRTEMBERG has joined, has become stronger and stronger.
FRANCKFORT ON THE MAINE. AUGUST 10.
The Austrian Ministers have hastened the result of the Diet, relating to the Princes landholders in Alsace, so that by this time it is probably arranged. The Emperor will be required to write immediately to Louis xvi. and to insist on things being restored to the state in which they were before the revolution, in conformity to the treaties of peace. His Imperial Majesty will be at liberty to adopt whatever means he may deem necessary to get his letter conveyed to the King of France, and a line of troops will be stationed along the frontiers.
It is reported that the Comte d'Artois has professed his willingness to return to France, and to take the oath, provided an Upper House were to be established, as proposed by M. Mounier. The acquaintance of the King to the new Constitution is said to depend upon this point alone.
WARSAW, July 26.
Notwithstanding the addresses of congratulation and thanks for the new Constitution continue to arrive in great numbers, as well from the provinces of the Crown, as from those of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, it is but too true, that in Ukraine, in Podolia, and in Volhynia, the enemies of the Constitution have become formidable, not only by their numbers and the dissatisfaction which they endeavour to propagate, but by the steps which they are about to take. In the second of these provinces, a gentleman, named Swyekowski, has publicly declared, that a thousand other gentlemen have signed with him an agreement, and that they design to arm 30,000 peasants.—We besides observe, in the dispositions of our neighbours, great cause of uneasiness. On that subject all the intelligence we receive is of an alarming nature, tending to make us apprehend their reconciliation, which we have reason to fear will be fatal to us.
PARIS, August 7.
The fortifications of Strasbourg will soon be in a state to resist the most formidable enemy; not only all the citizens personally assisted with alacrity, but even the fair sex, with the estimable Madame Dietrich, wife of the Mayor, at their head, take an active part in the measures adopted for the public safety.
It is known, that M. de Coigny has been despatched to Worms; and the repeated adjournments in the National Assembly, of the confiscation which M. Conde has incurred, give ground to believe, that his mission is to negotiate with the fugitive Princes about their return to France.
Although M. d'Orleans is still the object of suspicion and calumny, his public deportment is unexceptionable, even to the most scrupulous patriot. On Saturday he enrolled himself in the Grenadier Company of the Volunteers of St. Roch, and professed his intention of taking his regular turn of subordination and duty. He was very cordially received. M. de Montpensier, his younger son, has long been enrolled, and appears daily in the uniform of a private. M. de Chartres, his elder brother, was in high estimation with the citizens of Vendome, during the time of his residence there.
BIRMINGHAM, August 29.
It is said that Mr. Hutton has declared that the damage done him by the rioters will amount to more than ten thousand pounds!—It is reported the damage done to Mr. George Humphreys' house is estimated at two thousand pounds!
LONDON, Sept 6.
Extract of a letter from the President and Council at Fort St. George, in their political department, to the court of directors, dated April 24, 1791.
We have been honored with two letters from
Lord Cornwallis since the fall of Bangalore, which we send as numbers in the packet, one dated the 27th of March, advising us that as he had received information of the actual march of Rajah Tange Want, the Ni'am's General, with a considerable body of cavalry, towards him, and being sensible of the great importance of securing the junction of this fort, and the probability that Tippoo would use every means in his power to harass and obstruct their march, he had determined to move to the northward, in the direction in which the Rajah was expected—and that he was farther induced to adopt this measure from the assurances which he had received that the friendly Poligars, in that part of the country had collected a large quantity of grain, and a great number of cattle, for the army, within fifty miles of Bangalore.
His Lordship added that he could not from a precise judgment whether he should be able to attempt the reduction of Seringapatam before the rains, or whether he must limit his views to Ousfore, and an establishment in that part of the Mysore country; but that he could assure us that nothing but absolute necessity should make him abandon his former plan. That, with a view to expedite the re-equipment of the heavy artillery, he had appointed Colonel Duff to command in Bangalore, into which place he had put the 76th regiment and three native battalions: That the quantity of military stores of all sorts found in it was astonishing; and that there was, in particular, more gunpowder than we could possibly have occasion for during the present war.
The second letter from Lord Cornwallis is dated the 2d instant, and advised us that he left his Camp to the Southward of Bangalore, on the 28th ult. and on that day fell in with the rear of the enemy's line of march at Elevenam: That, although our infantry could not come up in time to gain any material advantage, his Lordship pursued him closely for several miles, and obliged him to relinquish the object, which he appeared to have in view, of getting between our army and the corps of Nizam's Cavalry: That Tippoo retired to Pedabalabom, leaving behind him one brass nine pounder; and that he had since moved towards Sheve ganga.
Lord Cornwallis, in his letter, complains of the inactivity of Rajah Tange Want, to whom he had written, that if he heard of any more delay, and executes, he should proceed with his own troops to the execution of his future plan of operations.
The latter part of the letter is of so pleasing a nature that we shall give it in his Lordship's own Words: "We have been most plentifully supplied with forage since we left Bangalore, notwithstanding the attempts of the enemy to burn it, and this day some Banjarries of this country brought to Camp above four thousand bullocks, half of them loaded with rice, and the other half with grain, doll, gree, and other bazar articles."
Lord Cornwallis having received a letter from Tippoo the 20th of March, making an offer for a separate accommodation with us, replied, "That he could encourage no proposition that did not include our allies." Copies of the letter and the answer having been transmitted to us, we forward them as numbers in the packet.
A large force having been left to the Southward, at the time General Meadows moved from Trichinopoly. Lord Cornwallis expressed to us his desire that it might be ordered to Amboor. Instructions were in consequence given to that effect, and we have the pleasure to add, that the detachment reached its place of destination on the 22d ultimo. By a letter from Lieut. Colonel Oldham, who commands it, dated the 5th inst. we are advised, that, in consequence of orders from Earl Cornwallis, he was to move from Amboor the next day, and to advance to the head of the Ghaut, where he was to take post until he heard further from his Lordship. The detachment, with the reinforcements sent from hence, consists of about 700 Europeans 4200 Natives, and 450 Cavalry.
General Abercromby, with the Bombay army, took possession of the Coorg Pass on the 27th of Feb. The advance, under Lieut. Col. Hartley, was strongly posted on the top, and the general was busily employed in sending up supplies—since that time (as we were informed by private advices) the second division of the 73d regiment, sent from hence in your ship the Queen, and the 14th Carnatic battalion of native infantry, have joined and rendered General Abercromby's force very respectable. The Coorg Pass is about fifty miles from Seringapatam.
Mr. Jefferson, the late American Minister at the Court of France, has communicated to an eminent house in the city, a discovery, which, if sanctioned by experience, will be of the utmost importance. A person near Boston, who once was a ship-builder, but for the last thirty years a bridge builder, has solicited a patent from the United States, for a mode of preserving ship timber from being worm-eaten. During the thirty years he has been a bridge builder, he has always soaked such timbers as were to be under water in oil, and this method he has found to preserve them ever since he was in that employment.

CONGRESS.
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, OCTOBER 24.
THE House proceeding to the choice of a Speaker, Mr. JONATHAN TRUMBULL was elected by a majority of votes.
The former officers of the House were all re-elected, viz.—Clerk, Mr. Beckley; Sergeant at arms, Mr. Wheaton; Door-keeper, Mr. Dally; Deputy Door-keeper, Mr. Claxton.
A joint committee of both Houses having waited on the President, to inform him that a quorum of both Houses were assembled, and ready to receive any communications which he might have to make; the President informed them, that he would meet them in the Senate Chamber, at 12 o'clock on Tuesday.
Adjourned to 11 o'clock on that day.
TUESDAY, OCTOBER 25.
Four new members presented their credentials, were qualified, and took their seats; after which, the House proceeded to ballot for a Chaplain, to officiate interchangeably with the Right Reverend Bishop White, who was yesterday appointed chaplain by the Senate. A majority of votes decided in favor of the Reverend Dr. Blair.
A message being received from the Senate, informing the House, that they were ready to meet them in the Senate chamber, to receive the communications of the President—Mr. Speaker, attended by the members, repaired to the Senate chamber, where the President soon after made his appearance, and addressed both Houses in the following
S P E E C H:
Fellow Citizens of the Senate and House of Representatives,
I MEET you upon the present occasion, with the feelings which are naturally inspired by a strong impression of the prosperous situation of our common country, and by a persuasion equally strong, that the labours of the session, which has just commenced, will, under the guidance of the Spirit, no less prudent than patriotic, issue in measures conducive to the stability and increase of national prosperity.
Numerous as are the providential blessings which demand our grateful acknowledgments—the abundance with which another year has again rewarded the husbandman, is too important to escape recollection.
Your own observations, in your respective situations, will have satisfied you of the progressive state of agriculture, manufactures, commerce and navigation: In tracing their causes, you will have remarked, with particular pleasure, the happy effects of that revival of confidence, public as well as private, to which the constitution and laws of the United States have so eminently contributed: And you will have observed, with no less interest, new and decisive proofs of the encreasing reputation and credit of the nation. But you, nevertheless, cannot fail to derive satisfaction from the confirmation of these circumstances, which will be disclosed in the several official communications that will be made to you in the course of your deliberations.
The rapid subscriptions to the bank of the United States, which completed the sum allowed to be subscribed in a single day, is among the striking and pleasing evidences which present themselves, not only of confidence in the government, but of resources in the community.
In the interval of your recess, due attention has been paid to the execution of the different objects which were specially provided for by the laws and resolutions of the last session.
Among the most important of these is the defence and security of the western frontiers. To accomplish it on the most humane principles, was a primary with.
Accordingly, at the same time, that treaties have been provisionally concluded, and other proper means used to attach the wavering, and to confirm in their friendship, the well disposed tribes of Indians—effectual measures have been adopted to make those of a hostile description sensible, that a pacification was desired upon terms of moderation and justice.
These measures having proved unsuccessful, it became necessary to convince the refractory of the power of the United States to punish their depredations; offensive operations have therefore been directed; to be conducted, however, as consistently as possible with the dictates of humanity. Some of these have been crowned with full success, and others are yet depending. The expeditions which have been completed, were carried on under the authority, and at the expence of the United States, by the militia of Kentucky; whose enterprise, intrepidity and good conduct, are entitled to peculiar commendation.
Overtures of peace are still continued to the deluded tribes, and considerable numbers of individuals belonging to them have lately renounced all further opposition, and placed themselves under the immediate protection of the United States.
It is sincerely to be desired, that all need of coercion in future may cease; and that an intimate intercourse may succeed; calculated to advance the happiness of the Indians, and to attach them firmly to the United States.
In order to this, it seems necessary—
That they should experience the benefits of an impartial dispensation of justice.
That the mode of alienating their lands, the main source of discontent and war, should be so defined, and regulated, as to obviate imposition, and, as far as may be practicable, controversy concerning the reality and extent of the alienations which are made.
That commerce with them should be promoted under regulations tending to secure an equitable deportment towards them, and that such rational experiments should be made, for imparting to them the blessings of civilization, as may, from time to time, suit their condition.
That the executive of the United States should be enabled to employ the means to which the Indians have been long accustomed, for uniting their immediate interests with the preservation of peace—
And—that efficacious provision should be made for inflicting adequate penalties upon all those, who, by violating their rights, shall infringe the treaties, and endanger the peace of the union.
A system corresponding with the mild principles of religion and philanthropy towards an unenlightened race of men, whose happiness materially depends on the conduct of the United States, would be as honorable to the national character, as conformable to the dictates of sound policy.
The powers specially vested in me by the act, laying certain duties on distilled spirits, which respect the subdivisions of the districts into surveys, the appointment of officers, and the assignment of compensations, have likewise been carried into effect. In a matter, in which both materials and experience were wanting to guide the calculation, it will be readily conceived that there must have been difficulty in such an adjustment of the rates of compensation as would conciliate a reasonable competency, with a proper regard to the limits prescribed by the law. It is hoped that the circumpection which has been used will be found in the result to have secured the last of the two objects; but it is probable, that with a view to the first, in some instances a revision of the provision will be found advisable.
The impressions with which this law has been received by the community, have been, upon the whole, such as were to be expected among enlightened and well disposed citizens, from the propriety and necessity of the measure. The novelty, however, of the tax, in a considerable part of the United States, and a misconception of some of its provisions, have given occasion in particular places to some degree of discontent. But it is satisfactory to know, that this disposition yields to proper explanations and more just apprehensions of the true nature of the law—And I entertain a full confidence, that it will, in all, give way to motives which arise out of a just sense of duty, and a virtuous regard to the public welfare.
If there are any circumstances, in the law, which consistently with its main design, may be so varied as to remove any well intentioned objections that may happen to exist, it will consist with a wise moderation to make the proper variations—It is desirable, on all occasions, to unite with a steady and firm adherence to constitutional and necessary acts of government, the fullest evidence of a disposition, as far as may be practicable, to consult the wishes of every part of the community, and to lay the foundations of the public administration in the affections of the people.
Pursuant to the authority contained in the several acts on that subject—a district of ten miles square, for the permanent seat of government of the United States, has been fixed, and announced by proclamation; which district will comprehend lands on both sides of the river Potowmac, and the towns of Alexandria and Georgetown. A city has also been laid out agreeably to a plan which will be placed before Congress: And as there is a prospect favored by the rate of sales which have already taken place, of ample funds for carrying on the necessary buildings, there is every expectation of their due progress.
The completion of the census of the inhabitants, for which provision was made by law, has been duly notified (excepting in one instance, in which the return has been informal; and another, in which it has been omitted or miscarried) and the returns of the officers who were charged with this duty, which will be laid before you, will give you the pleasing assurance, that the present population of the United States borders on four millions of persons.
It is proper also to inform you, that a further loan of two millions and an half of florins has been completed in Holland; the terms of which are similar to those of the one last announced, except as to a small reduction of charges. Another, on like terms for six millions of florins, had been set on foot under circumstances that assured immediate completion.
Gentlemen of the Senate.
Two treaties which have been provisionally concluded with the Cherokees and the Six Nations of Indians, will be laid before you for your consideration and ratification.
Gentlemen of the House of Representatives,
In entering upon the discharge of your legislative trust, you must anticipate with pleasure, that many of the difficulties, necessarily incident to the first arrangement of a new government, for an extensive country, have been happily surmounted by the zealous and judicious exertions of your predecessors in co-operation with the other branch of the legislature. The important objects which remain to be accomplished, will, I am persuaded, be conducted upon principles equally comprehensive, and equally well calculated for the advancement of the general weal.
The time limited for receiving subscriptions to the loans proposed by the act making provision for the debt of the United States, having expired, statements from the proper department, will, as soon as possible apprise you of the exact result.—Enough, however, is already known to afford an assurance that the views of that act have been substantially fulfilled. The subscription in the domestic debt of the United States, has embraced by far the greatest proportion of that debt; afforded at the same time, proof of the general satisfaction of the public creditors with the system which has been proposed to their acceptance, and of the spirit of accommodation to the convenience of the government with which they are actuated. The subscriptions in the debts of the respective states, as far as the provisions of the law have permitted, may be said to be yet more general. The part of the debt of the United States which remains unsubscribed, will naturally engage your further deliberations.
It is particularly pleasing to me to be able to announce to you, that the revenues which have been established, promise to be adequate to their objects, and may be permitted, if no unforeseen exigency occurs, to supersede, for the present, any new burthens upon our constituents.
An object which will claim your early attention, is a provision for the current service of the ensuing year, together with such ascertained demands upon the treasury as require to be immediately discharged, and such casualties as may have arisen in the execution of the public business, for which no specific appropriation may have yet been made; of all which, a proper estimate will be laid before you.
Gentlemen of the Senate and House of Representatives,
I shall content myself with a general reference to former communications for several objects, upon which the urgency of other affairs has hitherto postponed any definitive resolution:—Their importance will recall them to your attention; and I trust that the progress already made in the most arduous arrangements of the government will afford you leisure to resume them with advantage.
There are, however, some of them of which I cannot forbear a more particular mention—These are, the militia—the post office and post roads—the mint—weights and measures—a provision for the sale of the vacant lands of the United States.
The first is certainly an object of primary importance, whether viewed in reference to the national security, to the satisfaction of the community, or to the preservation of order. In connection with this, the establishment of competent magazines and arsenals, and the fortification of such places as are peculiarly important and vulnerable, naturally present themselves to consideration. The safety of the United States under divine protection, ought to rest on the basis of systematic and solid arrangements; exposed as little as possible to the hazards of fortuitous circumstances.
The importance of the post office, and post roads, on a plan sufficiently liberal and comprehensive, as they respect the expedition, safety and facility of communication, is increased by the instrumentality in diffusing a knowledge of the laws and proceedings of the government; which, while it contributes to the security of the people, serves also to guard them against the effects of misrepresentation and misconception. The establishment of additional cross posts, especially to some of the important points in the western and northern parts of the union, cannot fail to be of material utility.
The disorders in the existing currency, and especially the scarcity of small change, a scarcity so peculiarly distressing to the poorer classes, strongly recommended the carrying into immediate effect the resolution already entered into concerning the establishment of a mint. Measures have been taken pursuant to that resolution for procuring some of the most necessary articles, together with the requisite apparatus.
An uniformity in the weights and measures of the country is among the important objects submitted to you by the constitution, and if it can be derived from a standard at once invariable and universal, must be no less honorable to the public councils than conducive to the public convenience.
A provision for the sale of the vacant lands of the United States, is particularly urged, among other reasons, by the important considerations—that they are pledged as a fund for reimbursing the public debt;—that if timely and judiciously applied they may save the necessity of burthening our citizens with new taxes for the extinguishment of the principal; and that being free to discharge the principal, but in a limited proportion, no opportunity ought to be lost for availing the public of its rights.
GEO. WASHINGTON.
United States, Oct. 25, 1791.
After the delivery of the above address, Mr. Speaker and the members returned to the House; when, on motion of Mr. Lawrance, the speech was referred to a committee of the whole House to-morrow.
Adjourned.
WEDNESDAY, October 26.
Mr. Speaker laid before the House a letter from the secretary of the treasury accompanying his statement of accounts for the last year.
Mr. F. A. Muhlenberg, from the committee appointed to prepare and report rules and orders of proceeding for the House, having represented, that the committee had not yet completed the business, moved that the rules and orders of proceeding, established by the present House, until a revision or alteration takes place.
Mr. Clarke, a new member, objected to giving

his assent to rules, with which he was totally unacquainted; whereupon they were called for and read; and the question being put on Mr. Muhlenberg's motion, it passed in the affirmative.
A message was received from the President, accompanied with copies of certain acts of the state legislatures, transmitted to him during the recess, viz. an act of the state of New-Hampshire, ceding to the United States a light-house situate within their state; an act of the legislature of Pennsylvania, ratifying one of the proposed amendments to the constitution of the United States; and an act of the legislature of North Carolina, granting to the United States the use of the jails within that state.
The House then resolved itself into a committee of the whole, on the communications made yesterday by the President, to both Houses.
Mr. Vining moved a resolution, that an answer should be prepared, expressive of the intention of the House to take into consideration the several matters in the President's speech; of congratulation on the present happy state of America; and of approbation of the arrangements made by the President.
A memorial was read from the distillers of the town and vicinity of Boston, praying sundry amendments in the excise law.
A memorial was also read, from the Sheriff of the county of Suffolk, respecting the mode of keeping prisoners confined for debt, under the laws of the United States.
On motion of Mr. Lawrance, ordered, that the clerk of the House should cause each member to be furnished, during the session with three newspapers, such as the members should respectively choose, and to be delivered at their lodgings.
On motion of Mr. Vining, a committee of seven was appointed, to examine the credentials of the several members, and report thereon to the House.
THURSDAY, Oct. 27.
A message from the President was delivered by the Secretary of the department of war, accompanied with a petition from a disabled officer, and the reports of Brigadier Gen. Scott, and Wilkinson, who commanded the expeditions against the Wabash Indians.
Mr. Madison, from the committee appointed to prepare an answer to the President's speech, reported an address, which after a first and second reading, was taken up by the House in committee of the whole, (Mr. F. A. Muhlenberg in the chair) and being reported without amendment, was unanimously adopted by the House; whereupon it was resolved, that the speaker, attended by the House, should wait on the President, and present him the address.
A committee being appointed to wait on the President, to know when and where it would be convenient for him to receive the address, brought back for answer, that he would receive it in his own house, to-morrow at noon.
Adjourned.
PHILADELPHIA, Oct. 25.
The late accounts from Bilboa, of an intended junction between Spain and England to attack France according to the last accounts must be entirely void of foundation. The English fleet is disarmed and paid off.
AUTHENTIC PARTICULARS
Of the late Disturbances at St. Domingo, received from a gentleman at Cape-Francois, in a letter to his friend in this city.
Cape-Francois, Sunday, August 28.
Since writing you last, numerous have been the most cruel murders and massacres,—and numberless plantations with the buildings and crops, destroyed by fire.—From the quay is an extensive view of a vast plain, bounded by a ridge of mountains about 8 or 10 miles distant. The length of the plain I have not ascertained, but it may be about 30 miles. No longer than Monday last, this great space was filled with beautiful villas, elegant seats, and nearly the whole covered with sugar cane; the greatest part of which are laid and now laying in ashes. Almost the whole is destroyed!—If the infernal devils were content with this destruction, it would be happy for the Colonists; but they add the cruelty of savages to their incendiary conduct, inhumanly murdering all the whites they catch, sparing age nor sex.—I cannot enter into particulars; it would take more time than I have to spare.—Suffice it to say, that our troops are not able to check the ferocity of the Blacks, who are continually increasing in numbers. As many as 5,000 are assembled in a body, about 6 miles from town, and now and then the artillery has a chance to throw a few shot among them. Upwards of a thousand have already been killed on different plantations, and in different manners. If any are taken, they are commonly put to death on the spot.
Since the commencement of the insurrection great numbers have been brought prisoners to town, a few Mulattoes, and the rest Negroes. If the prisoners did not walk so fast as their guard, they would be pricked with bayonets to quicken their pace. In a few instances the prisoners have been killed in the streets, not being able to avoid the rage of the people, which follows a prisoner till he ceases to live. Yesterday a shocking massacre of about fifty black prisoners was acted at the Champ-de-Mars. They were brought to town and ordered to be executed immediately at that place. They came to town in four or five parties, at different times of the day. Among them were some women, who, with the rest, were either shot, or cut to pieces with sabres. Indeed my friend, I do not know where to
stop in this horrible description! and I mention these particulars just to give you an idea of this war of horror and carnage in which we are engaged!
The villages of Limbe and Port-Margot, situated on the other side of the mountains, at the back of the town, are burned, and all the inhabitants who could get off with their lives, are arrived here.—Alas! to see beautiful girls, lovely women, with their children and infants, travelling the streets without a shoe to their feet, just escaped from the flames of their dwellings! 'Tis too much! And yet I have seen all this and more, if it were necessary to mention.
Sunday evening, September 4th.
Since I last took up my pen, many are the depredations and murders committed by the Negroes. The distress of the Planters, in this part of the island, is general, and scarcely has a parallel. In addition to the places mentioned before as having been destroyed, Leomanade and L'Accul may be added besides numerous habitations and fields of cane.
Frequent are the skirmishes which happen between our troops and the Negroes. Great part of the latter are armed, and several hundred of them mounted on horses. The Negroes are always defeated, with many slain. But a few of the volunteers have been killed; perhaps not more than a dozen.
The chiefs of the insurrection have been secured—upwards of an hundred have been brought to town, and either shot or hung; some have been broken. An infernal plot the last week was discovered, which was to set fire to several parts of the town at the same time, a signal given, to commence the massacre of the whites. This is an absolute fact, and the chief conspirator was this afternoon, wracked at the Place d'Armes. The conspiracy, most happily, was discovered on Wednesday or Tuesday last, by overhearing the conversation of two Negroes who were concerned; who, on information being given, were arrested, after one of them had cut his own throat.
Had I time, I might be able to give you many more particulars of this infernal business; but as I have not, a general account may suffice to give you some idea of our situation, though it is impossible it should come near the truth. Judge ye, when not a store has been opened these two weeks, but occasionally, and no business done. Every citizen in turn mounts guard in the night.
Sunday morning September 11th.
The embargo, which was laid on all vessels at the commencement of our troubles, is taken off the Americans, and they may sail when they please. In consequence, I take the opportunity of sending this letter by Capt. Watson, who will sail on Tuesday for Philadelphia.
I shall close my account of the insurrection with a few particular transactions which have occurred the week past. Two white men, and a number of blacks have been hung, some blacks shot, and many who have been brought to town will share the same fate. On Thursday 5 white men were brought to town from Gonaives, who had been detected there spreading false alarms, with intention to plunder. Eight others, on Friday were brought in caught in the same business; and yesterday two more were taken among the negroes, who had been assisting them in burning some habitations the night before. The punishment of these whites will, no doubt, be severe, if found guilty upon evidence.
Friday in the evening we had a heavy rain, and the Negroes, taking advantage of this circumstance, made an attempt to cross the bridge at Haut-du-Cap, where our army is encamped, but were repulsed with fixed bayonets, the troops not being able to fire because of the rain. In the morning about 20 were found dead on the spot where the action happened.
Since the beginning of the insurrection, all the American Captains have enrolled themselves and do duty every night upon the bay. Four Captains at a time and generally one man from every vessel form a respectable corps de garde. On Friday night last the Governor sent a very polite letter to the Commander of the American Guard, while on duty, with a request that 12 men might be spared to man a Schooner for an expedition in the morning (yesterday) to L'Accul, with intention to bring off some cannon and stores deposited there, and which it was feared would fall into the hands of the Negroes. The request was granted, and the number immediately obtained from the guard then on duty, with Capt. Lillibridge as the officer. In the morning they failed, in company with a sloop of war. They have not yet returned; and it was reported in the evening that the Negroes had got two 24 pounders mounted, which kept playing upon the sloop, and prevented their effecting the object of the expedition. I mention this only as a report; I will not assert it.
We are every day expecting succours from Jamaica. The letters of our Assembly to the Governor and Assembly of that island, requesting a supply of troops, are published in some of the papers.
In this situation of affairs at present, it is next to impossible to tell when the troubles will end. The Negroes keep themselves embodied in different places, and when attacked, they immediately fly and scatter. This method of theirs harasses our troops in such a manner that, without effecting any thing essential, they get quite worn out, and are obliged to be immediately relieved. In fine, if I may be allowed to hazard a conjecture, it appears, that several months will elapse before the insurrection will be quelled, and it will require years to reinstate this part of the colony in the flourishing situation that it was in a few weeks ago.
SHEPHERD'S-TOWN, November 7.
Extract of a letter, dated Washington, in Kentucky, September 3, 1791.
"Since I have been here, I have been informed that the Indians have sent in a prisoner to Dunlap's Station, with a letter, importing that they wish to come in, and treat of peace. In consequence of which I have been told that Gov. St. Clair has issued a proclamation, forbidding any of the citizens killing or annoying them, if they approach with a flag—but what nation it is that offers to treat, I have not heard. Altho' I do not thirst for the blood of these poor uncultivated beings, I am of opinion it would be bad policy to make a peace before the arms of the Union have made a proper impression on the minds of the Indian Nations in general, agreeable to the trite observation—a thing well done, is twice done. If a peace is patched up now, government will soon have to begin the business de novo ; or the poor scattered citizens in these parts will once more have to wade through a sea of blood."
Extract of a letter from Glasgow, August 28.
"There is a fine prospect of a plentiful harvest both in Britain and Ireland—the crop in France this year is exceeding good, and all got safe in—from Poland and the Baltic, the prospect is favourable." The following is a list of the Members composing the second Congress of the United States, so far as returns have arrived.
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES.
New-Hampshire. Samuel Livermore, Nicholas Gilman, Jeremiah Smith.
Massachusetts. Fisher Ames, Elbridge Gerry, Benjamin Goodhue, Theodore Sedgwick, George Thatcher, Artemas Ward, Shearjashub Bourne.
Rhode Island. Benjamin Bourne.
Connecticut. Jonathan Trumbull, Jeremiah Wadsworth, James Abraham Hillhouse, Jonathan Sturges, Amasa Larned.
New York. John Lawrance, Egbert Benson, Peter Sylvester, James Gordon, Thomas Tredwell.
New Jersey. Abraham Clark, Jonathan Dayton, Elias Boudinot, Aaron Kitchell.
Pennsylvania. Frederick Augustus Muhlenberg, Thomas FitzSimons, Daniel Heister, Israel Jacobs, John W. Kittera, Thomas Hartley, William Findley.
Delaware. John Vining.
Maryland. Joshua Seney, Samuel Sterett, Upton Sheridene, Philip Key.
Virginia. John Brown, William B. Giles, Samuel Griffin, Richard Bland Lee, James Maddison, Andrew Moore, John Page, Alexander White, Josiah Parker, — Venable.
North Carolina. John Baptist Ashe, John Steele, Hugh Williamson, William Barry Groves, Nathaniel Macon.
South Carolina. Daniel Huger, William Smith, Thomas Sumpter, Thomas Tudor Tucker, Robert Barnwell.
Georgia. Abraham Baldwin, Francis Willis, Anthony Wayne.
Vermont. No return.
Kentucky. Admitted into the Union June 1792.
Mr. WILLIS,
I HAVE had the opportunity, by travellers, of reading several of your papers, from which I have received much instruction, as well as information, and find them worthy of the Editor. I am nevertheless constrained to say, that I cannot fully agree with what some of your correspondents have lately set forth respecting the Excise Law, which they term as odious to Americans.
In the first instance, it must be granted, that at the expence of every thing that was near and dear to us, we swept forth in defence of our rights and liberties, and, by the blessing of heaven, are now enabled to sit down under our own vine and fig-tree, and (if we would continue virtuous) none would be able to make us afraid. And shall we, who enjoy all these blessings, refuse to reward those who have borne the heat and burden of the day?—Surely no.
What then remains but that Congress should, by every effort in their power (consistent with the interest and happiness of the community) endeavour to do justice to every person. They have in their wisdom laid a tax on spirituous liquors for this purpose—it is complained of as a grievance—for what reason?—I know of none. If the debts we owe are acknowledged, the next mark is to point out some mode of payment. Shall it be done by executing my dearest property, the cow, that affords milk for my wife and babes?—or had you not rather have it levied on such luxuries as persons in health can dispense with?—Suffer me to repeat what I have said—Would it be more pleasing to you to see the officer take his tax from the bag going to the still-house, or take it from the bag going to mill, for the purpose of making bread for your wife and children?—human nature, which never errs, will prompt every person who would not wish to subvert the constitution, to draw the conclusion.
I am now old, and not able to visit my friends below the mountain as formerly, but must content myself with what intelligence I can get from travelling persons, I will therefore thank you for a paper now and then, and every thing worthy of communicating, that occurs in our part of the country I shall send you by the first opportunity, in return.
I am yours, &c.
The Allegheny Philosopher.
Log Hall, October, 1791.

SEAT OF THE MUSES.
ADVICE — BY A LADY.
THE maiden who'd know how to manage a man, Let her listen, and learn it from me; The boob to dupe, or his heart to trapan, As the time or occasion agree.
The nymph that has beauty, howe'er finart her wit, May take in the prig or the beau; The mac'roni, noodle; bombo le, the cit, By the use of that pretty word no.
When her different lovers along with her chat, Each striving his passion to show; With tell me my angel! d'ye love? and all that, Let her positive answer be no.
When a dose is contriv'd to lay virtue asleep, At concert, festino or ball, She still must refuse, if her empire she'd keep, And no be her answer to all.
But if some brisk lover should offer his hand, Her partner in wedlock to go; With a house and a coach, or a jointure in land. She's an ideot if then she says no.
When by a swain bespoke, with such charms, And whose conduct proclaims him a man; When press'd to his bosom, or clasp'd in his arms, Let the hussey say no if she can.
FROM THE FARMER'S JOURNAL.
THE OBSERVER. — No. V.
"NOW OR NEVER."
HUZ Z A boys! now or never , says the speculator, this is the only time to make your fortune; two and twenty and four pence on the pound cash , after telling poor soldiers' widows and others, who are ignorant in public securities that they never can or will be higher than eight or nine shillings cash, a most — A despicable practice!
I am a speculator's express, says Tom, Dick, and Harry, who rides from York to Boston in eight and forty hours—twenty, thirty, ah! forty thousand dollars are depending on my arrival into Boston at such an hour— now or never say they: Like Trunnion's voyage to his wedding, drive on, blow high or low—they're with full speed, stopping at almost every Post Office, requesting the mail to be opened as soon as possible, that they may see if there are letters directed to themselves or employers.
Meurs. Printers, ought there not to be some measures taken to put a stop to these iniquitous practices? Will a good conscience suffer the property of poor Widows to be sported with in this manner? I appeal to the public: Ought not those itinerant speculators to be accountable for their conduct in filching property out of the hands of the ignorant? But ah! my old speculating friends, where are your fortunes? — I am happy to hear that those scrips, for which you paid your cash , have been lately seized with a severe fit of the epilepsy. Now where is your forty, fifty, and sixty thousand dollars? Speculators do not pretend to talk of less than one of those sums at a single cheat. Many of those persons, who, it is said, have made those vast sums of money in speculation, have failed; many of them have had it in their power to advance their property; but they did not seize the happy moment of making their fortunes, ah! a luckless day! they thought there was time enough yet , to sing now or never : It reminds me of a man who said he had lost four thousand weight of good pork; I thought it a considerable loss to be sure, until I inquired into his misfortune: Why, said he, I had the last year corn sufficient to have made as much good pork: But I could not get the hogs. This is a warning to Farmers to get their swine in season, that such kind of losses may not be too often repeated— now or never , I a brother farmer, tell you again.
The Subscriber, having determined to relinquish the business of keeping a PUBLIC House returns his most sincere thanks to his friends who have favoured him with their custom in that line, — In order to accommodate those who with still to frequent his house, he now informs them, that he has opened for their reception,
A PRIVATE BOARDING HOUSE, Where such as are desirous to be entertained, retired from the noise and bustle which they are unavoidably exposed to in a Tavern, may be assured of finding every preparation for their ease, comfort and enjoyment.
ALEXANDER ROGERS.
Martinsburg, October 22, 1791.
TO BE SOLD. Two Water LOTS,
Situated in James Town, alias Buckles-Town, between 7 and 8 miles from Martinsburg; they contain about two acres, whereon is a new square Log House, nearly finished, with a small Tan-Yard: — In this neighbourhood hides are plenty, and bark very convenient. Any person wishing to purchase, may know the terms by applying to the Printer in Shepherd's Town, or to the Subscriber on the premises. PHILIP KING.
October 18, 1791.
STRAYED from the Subscriber, some time the middle of last month, a red COW, considerably old, has her left ear clip'd, and was heavy with calf when the went away. Any person who will give me information where the said Cow is, so that I get her again, shall have TEN SHILLINGS reward, or ELEVEN SHILLINGS and THREE PENCE for the Cow and Calf.
GEORGE FRANK. Martinsburg, October 18, 1791.
15 Dollars Reward.
RAN AWAY from the Subscriber on the night of the 16th inst. an indentured Apprentice Boy by the name of THOMAS JACKSON, nineteen years of age, 5 feet 8 or 9 inches high, dark complexion, black hair, has a down look, had on when he went away, a light coloured home-made coat and waistcoat, with metal buttons, had a pair of old fustian breeches, striped overalls, a pair of old shoes, with a half worn hat; — he took with him two pair of tow trowsers, two home-made linen shirts, and a pair of grey worsted stockings. Whoever apprehends said Boy, and will confine him in any goal, so that I get him again, or return him to me, living within three miles of Martinsburg, Berkeley County Virginia, shall have the above reward, and necessary charges.
October 18, 1791. ROBERT CREIGHTON.
20 Dollars reward.
STOLEN out of the Subscriber's stable at Winchester, on the night of the 15th instant, a dark chestnut sorrel Horse, the property of William Skinner, of Martinsburg—this horse was three years old last spring about 14 hands high, no brand perceivable, or any white about him, was new shod all round, had a large bushy tail, trots and canters well, and lofty carriage. Whoever apprehends the thief so that he be brought to justice, and secure the horse so that I get him again, shall have TWENTY DOLLARS Reward, or TEN DOLLARS for securing the Horse only, and reasonable charges. GEORGE HARDASTY.
October 18, 1791.
A Mill for sale.
BY Virtue of a Decree of the Court of BERKELEY COUNTY, and State of VIRGINIA, will be exposed to sale by PUBLIC VENDUE, upon the first day of February next, if fair, if not the next fair day, a MERCHANT-MILL, with the Lot, Premises, and Buildings thereunto belonging, late the property of HENRY COOKCUS, deceased, and now in the possession of CHRISTIAN ORENDORF. Also, the Stone Dwelling-House, and Ground Rents of the said estate, late of the said COOKCUS, deceased, all situate in Shepherd's Town in the County and State aforesaid.
The terms of sale will be, one third part of the purchase money to be paid in twelve months from the day of sale, one other third part within two years after the day of sale, and the remaining third part within three years after the day of sale.
By order of the Court. JOHN KEARSLEY, } Trustees. HENRY BEDINGER. } BERKELEY COUNTY, July 25, 1791.
6m.
The Subscriber has received, A fresh supply of FALL GOODS,
To his former assortment, which he is determined to sell low, as he intends removing from this place; — Therefore all those indebted to him are requested to make payment.
ROGER COLTART. Shepherd's Town, October 9, 1791.
To be SOLD, or LET, and entered upon immediately,
A Merchant-Mill,
Known by the name of Hite & Gibbs's Mill, situate eight miles from Winchester, near the road leading to Shepherd's Town. For terms, apply to Mr. James Gibbs, at the Clerk's office, Winchester, to Mrs. Gibbs, on the premises, or to
ALEXANDER WHITE. Woodville. October 1, 1791.
On Monday the 19th of December next, Will be sold at PUBLIC AUCTION, At the Plantation of JOSEPH DAVIS, near Sharpsburg, Washington County, Maryland, a quantity of good
Indian Corn, Wheat,
Rye, Tobacco in the house, Hay, Straw, Corn Fodder, some live Stock, Plantation Utensils, Household and Kitchen Furniture, and a variety of other articles too tedious to mention.
The sale will begin at ten o'clock—the terms of which will be made known on the day of sale.
JOSEPH DAVIS. Gerrards-Town. October 11, 1791.
TO BE RENTED, A VERY GOOD
HOUSE,
With a good Cellar under it, fit for a Store, it being the best place for that business to be found in the neighbourhood. It is ten miles from Winchester, on the great road leading from that place to Alexandria. Any person renting said House, may be furnished with other conveniences, such as boarding for a clerk, a lumber house, &c.
THOMAS GRAHAM.
Just published at BALTIMORE,
By W. GODDARD & J. ANGELL,
And to be SOLD by WHOLESALE and RETAIL, With large allowance to those who purchase quantities,
THE PENNSYLVANIA, DELAWARE, MARYLAND, AND VIRGINIA
ALMANACK,
FOR THE YEAR 1792:
A COMPLETE and ACCURATE EPHEMERIS, calculated by the ingenious Mr. BENJAMIN BANNEKER, a free black Man, (a Native of this Country, born of African Parents) whose Calculations now offered the Public, have met the Approbation of several of the most distinguished Astronomers in America.
[The Contents will be speedily published.] The above Work contains interesting Particulars of the virtuous Life and laudable Pursuits of BENJAMIN, and his Progress to ASTRONOMIC FAME.
** Orders from our country and distant customers, will be duly attended to. Baltimore, Sept. 30, 1791.
WANTED, 2 or 3 Apprentices
To the Tanning and Currying business. Application to be made at the Printing-Office.
ALL persons indebted to the estate of Mr. Andrew Caldwell, jun. deceased, are requested to make payment; and those who have any demands against the same, are likewise requested to bring them in, as an immediate settlement of the above estate is intended.
CHARLES McDONALD, Executor. October 15, 1791.
Robinson, Sanderson and Co.
HAVE JUST RECEIVED PER THE NANCY, FROM WHITEHAVEN,
A further supply of FALL GOODS, Which, with their former importation by the LANCASTER, makes their assortment very complete. Alexandria, September 28, 1791.
FOR SALE, By the Printer hereof, Blank Deeds of Bargain and Sale, Lawyers Declarations of every Kind, Common Bonds,