Norfolk gazette and publick ledger (Norfolk [Va.]), 1805-12-09 00:00:00

NORFOLK GAZETTE AND PUBLICK LEDGER.
VOL. II.]
MONDAY EVENING, DECEMBER 9, 1805.
[NO. 63]
THIS PAPER IS PUBLISHED THREE TIMES A WEEK; PRICE TO SUBSCRIBERS FIVE DOLLARS AND FIFTY CENTS PER ANNUM, PAYABLE IN ADVANCE—SINGLE PAPER TWELVE AND ONE HALF CENTS—ADVERTISEMENTS ARE INSERTED AT THE RATE OF FIFTY CENTS FOR THE FIRST, AND TWENTY FIVE CENTS PER SQUARE FOR EACH SUCCEEDING INSERTION
FOR FREIGHT OR CHARTER, The fast sailing Ship LEONIDAS, R. Mackenzie, master; burthen 450 hogheads.—For terms apply to Phinehas Dana, & Co.
Who have for Sale on board the said Ship, 8000 bushels LIVERPOOL SALT. December 6. tf 333
FOR ANTWERP, The American Brig FRANKLIN, Capt. SMITH, Burthen 250 hds. will be ready to receive a cargo in 10 days, half of which being engaged, the balance will be received on moderate freight, if immediate application is made to John Newell, jun. December 6. tf 327
FOR CHARLESTON, S. C. The Brig MARY, Capt. CLARK; expected to sail in 12 days.—For freight or passage, apply to Capt. Clark, or to John Granbery.
Who has just received from Charleston, 144 Casks Rice, For sale on very moderate terms. December 6. 3w 328
FOR SALE, On board the Ship Julia, Capt. Vickery, from Liverpool, 10,000 Bushels SALT.
For Charter, to a Port in France, The Ship JULIA, Capt. Vickery—burthen 364 hogheads, in complete order, and will be ready to receive a cargo in twenty days.
The Ship PORTLAND, Capt. CALLENDER, is also offered for Charter to a Port in France; she will carry 315 hogheads, and is now ready to receive a cargo. Apply to C. & F. Whittle.
Who have for Sale, 100 Bales Upland COTTON, of a good quality. December 2. tf 314
FOR LONDON, The Ship SHEPHERDESS, R. WILLIS, Master. 250 hogheads of Tobacco will be taken on freight, if immediate application is made to James Taylor, Jun. December 2. tf 315
FOR BOSTON, The fast sailing new Schooner EAGLE, Daniel Haven, Master: Burthen 85 tons—will sail in four or five days—For freight or passage, apply to Martin Fisk.
Who has this day landing from said Schooner, 100 Bbls. Prime PORK, } Boston Inspection. 50 do. do. BEEF, } 10 half bbls. NEATS TONGUES, 12 kids with Rounds of BEEF, 300 boxes old BROWN SOAP, 100 do. MOULD CANDLES, 4, 5, and 6 the lb. 25 do. SPERMACETI do. 125 kegs BUTTER, of the first quality, for family use. 75 boxes CHOCOLATE, 50 quarter casks Malaga WINE, 10 hds. N. E. RUM, 50 boxes CHEESE, of the first quality for family use, 25 do. Cotton and Wool CARDS, assorted, 10 do. hot pressed Playing CARDS, 10 cases Dutch Glass TUMBLERS, 100 straws each, 50 cases 2d, 3d, 4d, 6d, 8d, and 10d CUT NAILS, 20 chests Hyson and Young Hyson TEAS, 500 lbs. Spanish Boat. Indigo, Nutmegs, Mace, Cloves and Cinnamon. A quantity of Sole Leather, Calf Skins, and Boot Legs, 5000 pair mens', womens' and boys shoes, suitable for the approaching season. ALSO, A few pipes old COGNAC BRANDY of a superior quality. November 25. 306.
WANTED, A VESSEL, burthen 200 tons, for the West-Indies. Richard Boyce. November 22. tf 300
Jamaica and Nevis RUM. Now landing from board the Schooner Hope, capt. Sprague, from Jamaica, and Sloop Patty, capt. Boyer, from Nevis, 170 hds. Jamaica, } 45 hds. Nevis, } RUM. For Sale by William Pennock.
WHO OFFERS The Sloop PATTY for Charter, she carries 400 barrels flour, and will be ready to receive a cargo in two days. November 18. tf 289
For Liverpool, The good fast sailing Ship FREDONIA, Nathaniel Richardson, Master, burthen 250 hogheads.—For freight or passage, apply on board at Newton's wharf, or to Moses Myers. Who offers for Sale on board the Schooner Margaret Tingey, 1800 Bushels Liverpool SALT. November 15. tf 277
FOR A PORT IN FRANCE, The American Brig VIRGINIA, Captain S. HILL. Burthen about 200 hogheads—having a part of her cargo engaged, the balance will be taken upon a moderate freight, if immediate application is made to John Newell, jun.
WHO HAS FOR SALE, BURR STONES AND PLASTER PARIS, received per said Brig from Cherbourg. October 28. tf 233
FOR LONDON, The new fast sailing SHIP CALEDONIAN, John Dickson, Master, burthen 356 tons.—For freight or passage, having good accommodations, apply to the master on board, or to William Dickson. Nov. 15. tf 278
For Sale, Freight, or Charter, THE GOOD BRIG TWO BROTHERS, Peter S. Hartshorne, master, burthen 200 tons.—Apply to William Hartshorne, Jun. Nov. 15. tf 182
For Liverpool, THE AMERICAN SHIP ELIZA, Burthen 420 hogheads, now in complete order to receive a cargo, a part of which is already engaged, for the balance apply to the owners. C. & F. Whittle.
A parcel of Prime PORK for Sale, November 1. tf 248
FOR LONDON, The Ship SUFFOLK, John Bryant, Master, Having two thirds of her cargo engaged, will sail in all this month. For freight of the balance, or passage, having good accommodations, apply to the captain on board, William Mackenzie, & Co. of Richmond, or John Mackenzie, & Co. November 1. tf 243
FOR FREIGHT OR CHARTER, (To a Port in France,) The fine new Ship, SUSAN, Captain LORING:— Burthen 350 hogheads tobacco. Will be ready for the reception of a cargo in ten days. For terms, apply to Captain Loring, or Donaldson, Thorburn & Co.
WHO HAVE THE CARGO OF SAID SHIP FOR SALE, CONSISTING OF ABOUT 5,500 Bushels LISBON SALT. And some choice Old WINE, in quarter casks. September 6. tf 153
For Sale by the Subscriber, 60 Crates well assorted Earthenware, Just received by the ship Leonidas, from Liverpool. And in Store, 40 Puncheons W. Island RUM,
5 do. Old Jamaica do. 3 do. New-England do. 30 Pipes best Holland GIN, 80 Gross Wine and Porter BOTTLES, 9 Casks well assorted GLASSWARE, 18 Boxes 8 by 10 WINDOW GLASS, 26 Kegs best British GUNPOWDER, 2 Hogheads Philadelphia LOAF SUGAR, 31 Hogheads Low Land TOBACCO, 45 Kegs Manufactured do. Petersburg Inspection, 60 Barrels Superfine FLOUR. Alexander Maclure. December 6. tf 329
LOUIS LANNAY, (One of the firm of McCulloch & Lannay's of Baltimore,) HAS JUST OPENED, In the Store lately occupied by Mr. Lelewe, No. 10, Church-Street, A COMPLETE ASSORTMENT OF
Shawls, Callicoes, and Pocket Hdkfs. by wholesale only, printed in their manufactory at Baltimore, which he will sell on moderate terms for cash or approved notes. Also, to be disposed of by Retail, A few elegant Counterpanes and Window Curtains. December 6. tf 335
WM. H. McCUTCHEON, No. 41, MAIN-STREET, Has received and offers for Sale, a general assortment of DRY GOODS, At the most reduced prices for CASH,
Among which are, 6-4 and 7-4 Cloths, White and coloured Threads, Cassimeres, Coatings, Dimities, Muslinettes, Forrest Cloths, Printed Jeans and Marseilles Quiltings, Rose and Striped Blankets, Bumbazets, Wildbores, and Red, Green, and Blue Serges, Durants, Red and Green Baizes, Chintzes and Callicoes, Flannels, Fancy Cords, Furniture do. Thicksets and Velvets, Black and Coloured India 7-8 and 4-4 Irish Linens, Persians, German Dowlasses, Bandanno and Flag Hdkfs. Ticklenburgs and Hessians, 2-8 & 5-4 Cambric Muslins, Brown Hollands, 7-8, 9-8, and 6-4 Black and India Cottons, Cotton Stripes, Coloured do. do. Blue Gilla Handkerchiefs, Book Muslins and Book Mus- Pulicat and Romal do. Linen Handkerchiefs, Silk Shawls, Fine India Book Muslins, 5-4 and 6-4 Satin Check Linen Checks, Ribbons, Cambric Shawls, Fine India Sewing Silks, Guernsey Frocks, English do. do. Swansdowns, Turkey Downs, Purple and Fancy Shawls, and Toiletens, Madras Handkerchiefs, Men and Womens' Worsted Coat and Vest Buttons, and Cotton Hose, Scissars, Razors & Penknives. Pius, 3 1-2, 4 1 1-2, & 5 lbs. ALSO,
A few Pipes Country GIN. December 4. tf 324
NOTICE. WHEREAS a certain JOHN BARLIE, of Hampton, in the county of Elizabeth City has now in his possession certain NEGROES by the names of Esther and Child, Clary, Rose, Harry, Catty, Edmund, Phebe, and Jude, which he illegally detains contrary to the last will and testament of Late HAWES, of the county of Essex—And whereas the legal process of law is resorted to in order to ascertain his right therein, I do hereby (as Guardian to MARY WALLER BARLIE, who I contend is the legal Heir of said Hawes,) forwarn the said John Barlie from selling, or otherwise disposing of the said Slaves—And I do further forwarn all persons from purchasing them, or any part thereof—All masters of vessels and others are also forwarned from transporting, conveying away, or secreting any of the said Slaves, under the penalty of the law, which will be strictly enforced by WM. WALLER, Guardian. Hampton, Dec. 5. tf 334
150 Firkins Choice Philadelphia BUTTER. For Sale by James Maurice & Co. October 23. tf 425
FOR RENT, That beautiful SEAT near Portsmouth, called THE COTTAGE, It may be had with or without the Farm annexed, which, in point of fertility, is equal to any land in the lower country—Some farming utensils, and the following negroes for hire: Two young women, one an excellent washer and ironer, and can cook; the other a house servant and sempstress; two boys of size to take in the house and run of errands, and several men. I am authorised to sell a likely young negro man. A STORE-HOUSE, near the Market in Portsmouth, is for rent.—Enquire of William Leigh. Portsmouth, Dec. 6. 2aw3w 332
TO LEASE FOR FIFTEEN YEARS, HANDSOME and well situated Lot, 110 by 100 feet, near Harrison Allmand's.—For terms, apply to MARY YOUNG, Or, WILLIAM HARTSHORNE, jun. September 18. tf 157
NOTICE. I intend to leave this State for a few months. Mathew Heary. December 2. tf 321
STOLEN on Monday, the 2d inst. A BOAT, almost new, belonging to the Schooner Maryland Mary—she is 15 feet long, built of oak, her bottom payed with varnish, her gunwail red; whoever will deliver her to Donaldson, Thorburn, & Co. shall receive Five Dollars. December 4. tf 323
NOTICE. The Members of the Mutual Assurance Society, against Fire on Buildings of the State of Virginia, are hereby requested to attend their Annual General Meeting, to be held on the first Monday in January next, which is the sixth day of the said month. Any Member which doth not attend, at the said Meeting, in person or by proxy duly authorised, will be represented by the Member of the State Legislature, of the County, or the Senior of the District, wherein such Absentee resides. W. F. AST, Principal Agent, M. A. S. ** The Printers in this State are requested to insert the above once a week for four weeks. Richmond, Nov. 25, 1805. 1aw4w 325
FOR SALE, 90 Tons LOGWOOD, 20,000 Feet MAHOGANY, 2000 Feet Mahogany BOARDS, 130 Hogheads Richmond TOBACCO, afloat. Apply to John Granbery.
Who offers for Rent, A DWELLING HOUSE, very pleasantly situated near Boush-street, lately occupied by Col. Davies. December 2. 5w 317
BANK OF VIRGINIA. THE Stockholders are hereby notified, that the annual meeting for electing Directors will be held on Monday, the 6th January.
Power of Attorney for voting by proxy for Directors. KNOW all men by these presents, that I do hereby appoint to be substitute and proxy, for and in name and behalf, to vote at any election of a Director or Directors, of the Bank of Virginia, as fully as might or could have been personally present. In witness whereof I have hereunto set hand and seal, this day of in the year Signed and delivered in the presence of }
Power of Attorney for receiving Dividends. KNOW all Men by these presents, that I do hereby constitute and appoint lawful attorney, for and in name and behalf, to receive and give receipts for all dividends now due, or which may grow due on shares to belonging in the capital or joint stock of the President, Directors, and Company of the Bank of Virginia. In Witness whereof I have set hand and seal this day of in the year Sealed and delivered in the presence of } December 2. t6th Jan. 319
OFFICE OF DISCOUNT AND DEPOSIT, Norfolk, November 29, 1805, WANTED TO PURCHASE, A few Thousand Pounds Sterling, in approved endorsed Bills on London, at Sixty Days, or Bills drawn on any other place, and made payable there. Robert Oliphant, Cashier. November 29. tf 313
EDENTON ACADEMY. THE Publick are respectfully informed that Edenton Academy is again opened under the direction of Mr. Freeman; it is presumed, not subject to future derangement from the absence of the Instructors—Every possible exertion will be made to render the Institution worthy the patronage of a discerning publick. Reading, Writing, English Grammar, Elocution, Arithmetick, Geography, the use of the Globes, Rhetoric, Logic, Metaphysics, the elements of ancient and modern History, the Latin, Greek and French Languages, Geometry, Mensuration, Trigonometry, &c. will be taught with the greatest diligence. Strict attention will be paid to the morals of the Students, the apartment of the Young Ladies visited, and their education and deportment attended to by the principal of the Academy. Edenton, November 18th, 1805. N. B. A Lecture on some Moral or Religious subject will be delivered to the Students, at the Court-House, on every succeeding Sunday, unless some Clergyman should appear to perform Divine Service. 4w 308
The Subscribers offer for Sale, The CARGO of the Sloop, Lark, capt. Davis, consisting of Merchantable Boards & Spruce Spars. ALSO, 65 Barrels Prime PORK, landing on Maxwell's wharf, from New-York, and 3 hogheads Old London Particular MADEIRA WINE, fit for immediate use. PHINEHAS DANA, & Co. November 23. tf 304
Landing on Maxwell's wharf, from New-York, 40 Barrels New Prime PORK, City Inspection.—For Sale by Jas. & Thos. Tucker. November 25. tf 305
REMOVAL. JAMES TUCKER, Has removed to No. 1, HOLT'S LANE, near MAIN-STREET, WHERE HE OFFERS FOR SALE, ON REASONABLE TERMS, HIS STOCK IN TRADE, CONSISTING OF A GENERAL ASSORTMENT OF HARDWARE, NAILS, &c. May 8. tf 659
COCKE & SANFORD, No. 40. Main-Street. Have imported in the Brig Triton, from London, an extensive assortment of FASHIONABLE FANCY GOODS, Which they offer by Retail or Wholesale, at very moderate prices for prompt payment. October 18. 2m 215
Richmond Academy Lottery, NOW DRAWING, CONTAINING One Prize of Ten Thousand Dollars, Besides several other large Prizes. ** TICKETS for Sale by the EDITOR OF THIS PAPER. November 15. 279
TO RENT, (And immediate possession given,) A Convenient Dwelling House, near the Presbyterian Church, lately occupied by Thomas Newton, jun. Esq. It is in a pleasant part of the town, has a large garden and necessary out-houses, and a good well of water. For terms apply to John Brown, Marsden's Wharf. November 13. tf 275
REMOVAL. THOMAS LUMSDEN, Watch-Maker, &c. HAS removed from No. 3, Water-Street, to the Brick-House at the corner of Rothery's Lane and Main-Street, opposite Captain Pennock's, and lately occupied by Doctor Hodges.—Grateful for favours experienced, assures his friends and customers that every effort will be exerted to merit a continuation of their patronage. October 23. 3M 227
NOTICE. THE Subscriber being desirous to close his unsettled concerns, requests all those who have accounts against him to present them at his office for adjustment, and persons indebted to him to make immediate payment. John Hamilton. October 14. tf 201
BRITISH CONSUL'S OFFICE, Norfolk, Virginia, August 31, 1805. HIS Britannick Majesty's Consul to the State of Virginia, in consequence of instructions by him received from his government, hereby gives notice, to the merchants concerned in the trade to His Majesty's Dominions, that according to the terms of the Act of the 37th of the King C. 97, no British built vessel captured by His Majesty's enemies, afterwards purchased by citizens of the United States, and sailing under a Sea Letter can be admitted to entry under the said Act, as an American vessel. John Hamilton. 114
TO RENT OR LEASE, (And possession given immediately,) A convenient Dwelling House, formerly occupied by Mr. John Davidson, on Brewer-Street—together with a large Garden, and all convenient out houses. For terms, apply to James Tucker.
WHO HAS FOR LEASE, A VALUABLE LOT OF GROUND, On Commerce and Little Water Streets. September 6. tf 129
THE SUBSCRIBER WILL SELL The STOCK OF GOODS, he has at present on hand, on moderate terms, if immediate application is made—a credit of two, three, and four months will be given for approved negotiable notes.—The Store may be had along with the Goods. WM. B. BROWN. The amount of the Goods is insured in the Phoenix Fire-Office, London, which will be transferred. November 22. tf 298
NEW BEEF. The Subscribers have just received and offer for sale, 100 Barrels NEW BEEF, Boston Inspection. Phinehas Dana, & Co. November 1. tf 247
A FEW BALES OF KENDAL COTTONS, are just received by J. & W. Southgate. ALSO—A FEW CASES OF EXCELLENT MARTINIQUE CORDIALS. November 11. 1m 268
MRS. MACDOUGAL, INFORMS her friends and the publick, that she has taken that handsome house belonging to Mr. Roberts, in the centre of Market Square, where she will receive Boarders on moderate terms—the strictest attention will always be paid to the diet rooms, and lodging, and a very endeavour used to render a transient or permanent abode at her house satisfactory. September 25. tf 169
JUST RECEIVED, From Charleston, and for Sale at this Office, PRICE ONE DOLLAR, A FEW COPIES OF INDEPENDENCE, Comedy, in Five Acts, as performed at the Theatre Charleston, with unbounded applause. By WILLIAM IOON, Of St. George, Dorchester, South-Carolina. October 4. 6t 186
NOTICE. All persons having claims against the Estate of JOHN HANCOCK, Jun. deceased, are desired to bring in their accounts regularly attested to the subscriber, on or before the first day of January, 1806, or this notice will be plead in bar to them thereafter—And those indebted to said Estate, either by bond, note, or otherwise, are also requested to make immediate payment. Thomas Calvert. Princess Anne County, Dec. 4. 3w 326

THE PUBLICK LEDGER.
TO SHEW THE VERY AGE AND BODY OF THE TIME, HIS FORM AND PRESSURE.
MONDAY EVENING, DEC. 9, 1805.
A letter received by a gentleman in this place from his correspondent in Lisbon, dated the 19th of September, states, that advices had been that day received from Madrid, of much importance, the particulars of which had not transpired. It is however affirmed that the enemies of the Queen and Prince of Peace, had proceeded to oppose them by violence. That the Spanish troops in the interest of, and favouring the party of the Prince of Asturias, had fallen upon the Swiss Guards of the Prince of Peace, and had killed the greater part of them. The letter states further, that in the best informed circles, it is confidently believed that a complete revolution in the politics of Spain was effected.
The respectable source from whence we derive this information, leaves little doubt with us, of its veracity in substance.
It is not improbable when we come to learn further particulars, that we shall find this event, connected with matters of the highest importance. The Queen or rather the Prince of Peace, it is well known has guided the Spanish Councils (under the influence of France) for many years.
It is not impossible that the partisans of France may be driven from power, and that availing herself of the present circumstances of Europe, Spain may endeavour to regain her independence.
The only circumstance which excites any doubt of the correctness of this information, is that it should be known in Lisbon on the 19th of September, and not be known at London on the 6th of October. The ordinary passage from Lisbon to England is from eight to ten days. We are obliged to the Gentleman who has favoured us with this information, which we have thought it our duty to lay before our readers, with such impressions as it has made on us.
On Tuesday last the grand jury for the body of this county, returned to the court, a bill of indictment against John Atkins, alias John Atkins Burford, as a true bill. It charges him with committing on the 30th day of July last, a highway robbery on the person of John Peters. The indictment is drawn into considerable length, by descriptions of the different bank notes of which Mr. Peters was robbed.
Monday week has been fixed on by the court for trial. This delay has taken place at the request of the prisoner's counsel, who stated that that time would be necessary to obtain the attendance of his witnesses.
The court considering the court-house as unsafe, in consequence of the weak state of the pillars which support it, have decided the trial to be held in the Theatre.
The public mind being highly excited, the trial of Burford in the theatre, will afford room for its ample gratification. It will also add to the solemnity of a trial which every good citizen anticipates will distinguish the justness of our laws and their administration, as well as the peaceable and orderly conduct of our citizens.
It may perhaps to our distant readers, not be improper to mention, that John Atkins, alias John Atkins Burford is, by birth, an Englishman, and we believe, a native of Sheffield; that after living some time in different parts of this continent, he married the widow of a respectable tradesman in this town, and conducted a business which secured to its former possessor, respect, comfort, and the powers of accumulating property.
(Alexandria Expositor.)
From the Philadelphia Commercial and Political Register.
In the present critical state of our commerce and external relations, the following authentic and important communication, for which we are indebted to a much respected correspondent, will command the attention of every American citizen, who wishes to promote the interest, or maintain the sovereignty of his country.
Halifax, November 3, 1805.
MR. EDITOR, As the interlocutory decree of the court of vice admiralty, in the cases of the Enterprize, Eugenia, Zulema and Hamilton, will necessarily affect all other neutral ships engaged in the same trade—and as it is a decree that may lead to a final decision of importance, I hold it a duty I owe to my countrymen to communicate it to you, under the expectation that you will give it publicity.
These several ships and their respective cargoes were charged, generally, in the allegation of the King's advocate, to be enemy's property—and various grounds were adopted in support of the allegation. Among the number was a point of national law, which the counsel for the captors thought fit to raise, upon very loose information, extracted from letters found on board the ships, in relation to a decree of the government of France, which prohibits the importation of goods, the growth or produce of Great-Britain, or her colonies.
It appeared by a number of those letters, that certificates of origin (as they were termed) had been carried to France by those several ships, for the purpose of proving the growth or manufacture of their outward cargoes.
It appeared also, that unless those certificates had been produced at Bordeaux, the vessels and their cargoes would, in all probability, have been condemned by the French government, under the decree before mentioned—and it further appeared that the produce of the French colonies, of which the outward cargoes chiefly consisted, was exempted from duties, on the productions of the certificates.
Upon these facts, it was contended, on the part of the captors, that a trade carried on to France by neutrals under the decree in question, was an unusual course of trade, submitted to for the advantage of the enemy—that the certificate of origin was obtained conformable to that decree, & favoured the views of the enemy, by rejecting all goods of British growth or manufacture, and by entitling the neutral to the same exemption or reduction of duties that would be granted a Frenchman—and that such commerce was un-neutral, upon the general ground of avowed partiality to the known enemy of Great-Britain.
On the part of the claimants it was answered, by their counsel, that the information respecting the decree, as well as of the certificates of origin, and the duties in question, was extremely garbled and incorrect; that even taking the facts for granted, it did not appear that the course of trade was any other than such as neutrals, by the law of nations had been entitled to for ages past: that the French government had an undoubted right to impose any restrictions whatever upon the imports into its own ports,
and to admit neutrals to a participation of them upon such terms as a regard for its own interest should dictate.
That the decree which directed the certificate of origin was of recent date, so that it is yet impossible to ascertain what the conduct of neutrals respecting it shall be, but that if they should still continue to carry on their commerce with France, under the restrictions imposed by that decree, they would have a complete right by the law of nations so to do, and would by no means be guilty of a partiality so gross, as to amount to a breach of neutrality; at all events, supposing the greatest mischief to result to the British government by such commerce, it was a subject for ministerial interposition, but could not be a ground of legal argument, in a court of vice admiralty.
The judge nevertheless appeared very much inclined to adopt in his decree, the arguments of the king's advocate, and laid much stress upon the course of trade being unusual, and of its having been resorted to by the enemy in consequence of British naval superiority—he admitted that the certificate of origin would not of itself be sufficient cause of condemnation; and that a decision to this effect had been given by their courts, at the close of the last war. But he observed, that the decree in question, might impose certain restrictions and limitations which if complied with, would create a breach of neutrality.
That if neutrals who are favouring the commerce of France, were allowed the same privileges with Frenchmen from an exemption from duties, or otherwise, he could not but consider them in the same light with the subjects of France, and on that account was desirous of ascertaining in what respect the course of trade now carried on with the French ports, in the mother country differed from the former and customary line of commerce, he therefore directed further proof to be produced to the following points. 1st. Of what country or colony the outward cargoes were, the growth, produce or manufacture. 2d. Under what certificates were the same admitted to entry in the ports of France, and whether subject to foreign or reduced duties. 3d. What are the French laws on this subject, and what limitations are imposed on return cargoes.
All letters of correspondence, bills of lading, and invoices which concern such shipment or notarial copies of them, must be produced to the court, verified by the attestation of the clerk, or other indifferent person. This proof should be accompanied by the test (affidavit as it is called) of the party himself, swearing to his native character, and fully stating his right to the property claimed and the fund by which he acquired it. It should conclude with the usual averment, that no enemy of Great-Britain had any concern in the goods at the time they were shipped, and at the capture, and in case of being restored, the sole and exclusive property of the claimant.
FROM THE AURORA.
November 26, 1805.
Administrative influence.—When Mr. Adams was president of these states, it must be well remembered, how severely he was censured for exercising an improper influence in the affairs of particular states. Whoever will take the trouble to turn to the files of this newspaper, 1797, 8 or 9, will find many a strong and emphatic appeal to the publick opinion, pointing out the danger and inefficacy of the interference of the general government in state elections. Then, we all coincided in the opinion, that, if the emoluments and offices, within the reach of the administration, were made the means for creating influence in a particular state, and for rewarding the opponents of public liberty—the procedure ought to be corrected.
Let us now test our own men, let us talk of our own times. Did we censure the Adams administration from aversion to the men or from a wish to gain redress? If we complained, because we were convinced of the evil, most assuredly we ought now to complain again, if the same conduct is pursued, whoever may be the men in power. What was wrong in 1799 must be wrong in 1805.
We are ready to grant that many sins were committed under the administration of Mr. Adams, with which he is not personally chargeable, both general Washington and Mr. Adams were ruined by those who surrounded them;—and in noticing the matter now under our view, we beg to be understood as absolving Mr. Jefferson from all participation in the acts, about to be complained of.—Labour has not been wanting to drag him into the dispute—and his name has been employed by men who ought to blush for their ingratitude. It is melancholy indeed, to be obliged to censure men, of his choosing; it is still more unfortunate that the men of his choice should, for their own private views, be capable of acts, that will at last be imputed to him alone, and which have had a tendency to wound the feelings, and to diminish the confidence of good men in public character.
It is an undoubted fact, that the present governor of this state, Thomas M c Kean, succeeded at the late election, by means corrupt and base. The falsehood and imposture, were circulated by the use of money drawn out of the United States treasury, by officers of the general government resident at Pennsylvania: that is, the emoluments and the influence of the United States officers in this state were exerted to support Thomas M c Kean, in opposition to the independent yeomanry, and in conjunction with the federal party by which Mr. Jefferson has been incessantly reviled—and is to this hour reviled.
This is strong, it is emphatic truth—it may be called by another name by those who feel and do not like it—still it is truth, and let it be read and reflected upon coolly in the closet, and it will be found to be a plain and precise statement of interesting and impressive facts.—If republicanism is to remain, it must stand upon other foundations than corruption or the influence of office.—Such transactions as those of the late Pennsylvania election, are alarming to the state independence—they approach too much to consolidation.
There were but one or two United States officers, in Pennsylvania, who refused to join the federal against the republican party. All the principal officers voted with the party, which has never ceased to abuse and oppose the president. Does Mr. Jefferson believe the opposers of Mr. M c Kean were malcontents and jacobins? does he believe that 40,000 republicans of this state, or any portion of them, had a wish to destroy the constitution and to divide property—of which that 40,000 hold more than seventeen twentieths. If his good sense prevents his crediting such absurdities, in what manner can he reconcile the conduct of so many officers of his appointment, who joined the federal party, and who declared there was but a slight shade of difference between them and the federalists who were his constant and avowed enemies?
Let us be told now that we ought to forget and forgive villainy, and compromise with imposture!!!
What we say, all who know any thing of our officers, know to be true.—The grand jugglers having now imposed themselves upon the state by deception, cry out, forgive us for three years more—trust us for we shall not have occasion to deceive the public till there is to be another scramble for loaves and fishes.
Is it not indeed, a most strange and wonderful fact, that in Pennsylvania, there should be but two or three officers of the general government, who did not vote with the federalists? Is it not strange, that in Pennsylvania, the first state to stand forth in support of Mr. Jefferson, nearly all the offices in his appointment should be filled by men, between whom and the fede-
ralists there is but a "slight shade of difference" Is it not cruel and unjust, that these officers should have the ability to use, the emoluments acquired by Mr. Jefferson's appointment, in supporting and aiding the party opposed to Mr. Jefferson himself.—There is something due to the reputation of the chief magistrate to place this opprobrium remote from him—the country looks to him, and he owes it to himself.—Let every man look around him, and he can calculate the mischief these officers have done in Pennsylvania. Where then are Mr. Jefferson's friends?—in the minority. Where are Mr. Jefferson's enemies?—in the majority. What made them the majority?—the officer's of Mr. Jefferson's appointment, the money drawn from the United States Treasury—the influence of the treasury itself?
The late election was actually carried by corrupt means—that is, by the employment of currency, in giving currency to fraud and falsehood! This fraud and falsehood was written and published by officers of the U. States—by Muhlenberg and Dallas. We believe, we speak within bounds, when we say, near twenty thousand dollars were expended by the party of Mr. M c Kean. Of this sum, the contributions of the officers of the U. S. formed an inconsiderable portion.
In fact the most active of those who aided the federal party, were U. States officers—and the attorney of the district, Mr. A. J. Dallas, was the man who wrote, who published that there was "but a slight shade of difference," between himself and his partisans and the federal party.
We cannot name all the United States officers, of Mr. Jefferson's appointment, who voted for Mr. M c Kean, but the following named persons were the principal:
A. J. DALLAS, United States attorney of the district. PETER MUHLENBERG, collector of the port of Philadelphia. WM. BAGHE, surveyor of do. WM. DAVY—Indian agent, (we believe is the title.) JOHN SMITH—marshal of the district.
The first named person wrote all the long addresses in favour of Mr. M c Kean—and stigmatising principles he knows Mr. Jefferson considers as essential to the happiness of this nation and posterity.
The second wrote that most shameful of all productions, the letter to Joseph Heister—which he knew to be a chain of falsehoods when he wrote it.
The third wrote all the law and billinggate abuse, published in the Journal of that faction.
The fourth gave all the aid he could.
The fifth endeavoured to play upon two fiddles at once, but at last came off for Mr. M c Kean with the federal party.
Can Mr. Jefferson believe that any of these men had a sufficient cause or good motives in joining the federalists? It is not possible for him to think they had. We will also for the present, close with one remark.—If it was just and proper to remove federalists from office, those who differ from them merely in a slight degree, cannot expect that lenity which they denied to the federalists; should the administration of the general or state government be placed under the control of men, who glory in widely differing from the federal party—the difference are not shades—they are as remote from each other on principles of government, as night and noon day—as universal good and monopoly—as the universal rights of mankind and the despotism, corruption, and intrigues of a few.
BOSTON, November 30.
IMPORTANT COMMERCIAL CORRESPONDENCE.
Extract of a letter from London, Sept. 27, 1805. "Of several vessels sent into England, the Messenger, Buffington, released on paying captors expenses. Huntress, Chase, do. Commerce, Tirrell, do. Enterprize, Pratt, without expenses. Ezra and Daniel, Hall, do."
These did not come before the Court, and were wholly or in part, under my care.
Capt. Cook, in a Salem vessel, is sent into Guernsey, and has been offered his papers, which I have advised him to accept. He had, as most other captains have, a notion that he ought to seek for damages. When they are offered their papers immediately or in a few days, they should accept them and not think of damages.
The Adair is detained. The master deposes that the bulk of the cargo was imported in two vessels from Guadalupe, and that the Adair waited sometime for their arrival, in order to take the sugar to Europe.
The ship John Bulkley, bound to Amsterdam from Philadelphia, with a cargo brought by her from Batavia to Philadelphia, where it was landed, advertised for sale, &c. has been tried, and sentence reserved.
This vessel had performed two or three similar voyages. The voyage before she returned from Batavia to Philadelphia, where the cargo was landed and reshipped from Amsterdam, whence she proceeded with a false destination to Batavia with specie, and there bought the bulk of the present cargo. The owner has another vessel gone to Amsterdam, which is ordered to take in return cargo suitable for the Batavian market. These circumstances, and some letters on board, were considered by the captors as evidence of an original intention to ship the cargo to Europe, and supposing Batavia to be a close colony, not open to neutrals in time of peace, it was urged that the vessel and cargo were liable to condemnation; and if not immediately, that Mr. —, the owner, having been guilty of fraud in the former voyage, [false destination, &c.] ought not to be allowed further proof as to original intention.
The Eagle, Ferry, was detained on her voyage from New York to Cherbourg. The bulk of her cargo, Guadalupe sugar, appeared to be imported by the owners in another vessel, accompanied with a Certificate that the duties payable in France, had been paid in Guadalupe. This certificate is mentioned in the letter to the Consignee, with the expectation, that it would entitle them to a remission of some of the duties.
As it did not appear that the owners had imported the sugar for sale in the United States, to form a part of the common stock of the country; but that it was their original intention to ship it to Europe; the Judge concluded they were pursuing a direct voyage from the colony to the mother country—that it was therefore liable to confiscation.
He observed that in reason and legal operation it was equal whether the goods went on from the United States in the same or another bottom.
The captor's council observed that as that Certificate gave the proprietor of the sugar certain advantages in France, so it must expose him to the disadvantage of its being considered as adopted French property.
It is therefore settled by the late decisions in the Court of Admiralty, that
The importation of goods from the French, Dutch and Spanish Colonies into the United States, must be made for the purpose of introducing them into the common stock, or general commerce;—
That when that purpose of the importer does not evidently appear, or when his intention to export them to Europe does appear, then his landing of the goods, securing the duties, advertising them for sale, and reshipping them in the same, or in another vessel, for Europe, are not sufficient to break the continuity of the voyage from the colony to the mother country;
neither will such landing of the goods, &c. on an outward voyage from the mother country to the colony, in the same or another vessel, break the continuity of the voyage:
And that the bona fide purchaser of colonial produce in the United States, may export it to Europe:
The principal of law, as established in the war of 1756 with respect to the colonial trade, will be adhered to, except so far as it is or may be relaxed by instructions to his majesty's cruisers, and by orders of council:
After the 1st of November, 1805, all neutrals trading with the colonies, can only go to and from them directly:—
The trade to Batavia will be decided to be an exclusive one. Your vessels must go and return directly to and from Batavia.
Do in war no more than you could do in peace."
The Adair's trial came on yesterday, when two thirds of the sugar supposed to be the quantity imported by Mr. —, in the two vessels from Guadalupe were condemned. The vessel and the rest of the cargo were restored.
Forget not to make the masters and mates privy to your having purchased the goods in Boston, and in your affidavit attached to the invoices state distinctly the names of the persons of whom you bought.
The collector may state in his certificate by whom the goods were imported."
NEW-YORK, December 3.
Highly Interesting.
Capt. Taylor, of the schooner Union, who arrived this morning from Ayamonte, (Spain) informs us that just before he sailed, letters were received from Cadiz, mentioning, that the combined French and Spanish fleets, consisting of 45 ships of the line and frigates, were ordered to be laid up for the winter: and that they had proceeded 8 or 10 miles above Cadiz, and were preparing to moor.—The French had landed 10,000 men at Cadiz, and had taken possession of the forts.
An English fleet, of 20 sail of the line and frigates, were then off Cadiz, and a reinforcement hourly expected. These ships daily presented themselves in full view of Cadiz, and several of them sailed within gun-shot of the town.
The markets at Cadiz were much glutted with all kinds of American produce. All the ware-houses and many dwelling houses, at Ayamonte, were filled with wheat, flour, bread and salted provisions, which were brought there from France for the king of Spain. The nominal price of flour at Cadiz was 13 dollars and a half per barrel; but no ready sales could be procured for any articles whatever. The merchants and inhabitants of Cadiz, were thrown into much embarrassment and distress by a total stagnation of business, and scarcity of money. Such was the scarcity of specie at Madrid, that the king had ordered paper money to be issued and made a legal tender for all debts payable in that city.—He had also directed the notaries not to protest bills of exchange which should be payable after the paper medium should be issued—thus the holders of bills of exchange would be compelled to receive the amount in paper. The merchants of Cadiz were seriously apprehensive that the paper currency system would be enforced also in that city, and throughout the kingdom.
NINTH CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES.
PROCEEDINGS
OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES.
TAKEN FOR THE PUBLICK LEDGER.
MONDAY, December 2, 1805.
At twelve o'clock the clerk to the house counted the members and declared, that one hundred and four members were in their seats, which formed a quorum.
The House immediately proceeded to ballot for a Speaker, and Mr. Nicholson, Mr. Crowninshield, and Mr. Thomas, were appointed a committee to inspect the same; who reported one hundred and six votes, and of those there were for Mr. Macon, 52; Mr. Varnum, 27; Mr. J. C. Smith, 16; Mr. Dawson 10; Mr. Gregg, 3. It requiring 54 to make a majority, there was no election.
Upon a second ballot, there were for Mr. Macon, 53; Mr. Varnum, 26; Mr. J. C. Smith, 17; Mr. Dawson, 7; Mr. Gregg, 3.
At one o'clock, the house proceeded to ballot a third time, when Mr. Macon having 58 votes, he was declared duly elected.
The Speaker having taken the chair, he briefly addressed the house, by observing, that he should use his utmost endeavours in the discharge of his office, and relied upon its candour and support.
The house then proceeded to the choice of a clerk, when upon ballot, there were for Mr. John Beckley, 85; Mr. Lambert, 18; whereupon Mr. Beckley was duly elected.
The members were then called up by states, and took the oath to support the Constitution of the United States.
Message from the Senate, which stated That they had formed a quorum, and were ready to proceed to business and had appointed in the absence of the vice-president the hon. Samuel Smith speaker pro tem.
That they had appointed a committee to wait on the President to receive such communication as he might give.
Mr. J. RANDOLPH moved that a committee be appointed to wait on the senate and inform them that a quorum of the house of representatives was formed and officers elected, &c.
It was Resolved, that a committee be appointed to wait on the president, to inform him they were ready to receive his communications.
Resolved, That the rules and regulations of the last session of congress shall be adopted by this house until there shall be a revision of the same.
Mr. Varnum moved that the house proceed to the choice of a Serjeant at Arms. Samuel Wheaton, Solomon Myer, and Richard Stewart, were nominated. The votes upon a ballot were for Mr. Wheaton 87, which being a majority, he was declared elected.
Resolved that Thomas Claxton be appointed door-keeper, and Thomas Dunn assistant.
Moved, That 300 copies of the rule, and orders of the house be printed for the use of the members. Ayes, 33. Nays 52. Not carried.
Resolved, That a committee be appointed to prepare the standing rules of this house.
Committees of Ways and Means, of Commerce and Manufactures, of Elections, of Claims, of Revision and Unfinished Business, and of accounts of the Contingent Funds of the House, were appointed.
Mr. Newton moved, "That, unless otherwise ordered, the hour to which the house shall be adjourned, shall be eleven o'clock in the forenoon." Ayes 81. Carried.
Contracts with Messrs. Ways, for doing the printing, and with Mr. E. Patterson, for stationery for the House, were reported by the clerk and approved.
Mr. Thomas moved, "That a committee be appointed to inquire, whether any and what alterations

are necessary to be made in the acts, respecting post-offices and post-roads." Ayes 54. Carried.
Mr. J. Randolph, informed the Speaker, That, the committee had waited on the president, who returned for answer, that he should give his communications to-morrow by message. Adjourned.
TUESDAY, December 3, 1805. Resolved upon motion by Mr. Varnum, that this house do proceed to ballot for a chaplain to-morrow. At 12 o'clock, the following message from the president was delivered to the speaker and read by the clerk.
To the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America.
At a moment when the nations of Europe are in commotion and arming against each other, when those with whom we have principal intercourse are engaged in the general contest, and when the countenance of some of them towards our peaceable country threatens that even that may not be unaffected by what is passing on the general theatre, a meeting of the Representatives of the nation in both Houses of Congress has become more than usually desirable. Coming from every section of our country, they bring with them the sentiments and the information of the whole, and will be enabled to give a direction to the public affairs which the will and the wisdom of the whole will approve and support.
In taking a view of the state of our country, we in the first place notice the late affliction of two of our cities under the fatal fever which in latter times has occasionally visited our shores. Providence in his goodness gave it an early termination on this occasion, and lessened the number of victims which have usually fallen before it. In the course of the several visitations by this disease, it has appeared that it is strictly local, incident to the cities and on the tide waters only, incommunicable in the country either by persons under the disease, or by goods carried from diseased places; that its access is with the autumn, and it disappears with the early frosts. These restrictions within narrow limits of time and space, give security even to our maritime cities, during three-fourths of the year, and to the country always. Although from these facts it appears unnecessary, yet, to satisfy the fears of foreign nations, and cautious on their part not to be complained of in a danger whose limits are yet unknown to them, I have strictly enjoined on the officers at the head of the customs to certify with exact truth, for every vessel sailing for a foreign port, the state of health respecting this fever, which prevails at the place from which she sails. Under every motive from character and duty to certify the truth, I have no doubt they have faithfully executed this injunction. Much real injury has however been sustained from a propensity to identify with this endemic, and to call by the same name, fevers of very different kinds which have been known at all times and in all countries, and never have been placed among those deemed contagious. As we advance in our knowledge of this disease, as facts develop the source from which individuals receive it, the state authorities charged with the care of the public health, and Congress with that of the general commerce, will become able to regulate with effect their respective functions in these departments. The burthen of quarantines is felt at home as well as abroad; their efficacy merits examination. Altho' the health laws of the states should be found to need no present revision by Congress, yet commerce claims that their attention be ever wake to them.
Since our last meeting the aspect of our foreign relations has considerably changed. Our coasts have been infested, and our harbours watched by private armed vessels, some of them without commission, some with illegal commissions, others with those of illegal form, but committing piratical acts beyond the authority of their commissions. They have captured in the very entrance of our harbours as well as on the high seas, not only the vessels of our friends coming to trade with us, but our own also. They carried them off under pretence of legal adjudication; but not daring to approach a court of justice, they have plundered and sunk them by the way, in obscure places, where no evidence could arise against them, maltreated the crews, and abandoned them in boats in the open sea, or on desert shores, without food or covering. These enormities appearing to be unresisted by any control of their sovereigns, I found it necessary to equip a force, to cruise within our own seas, to arrest all vessels of these descriptions found hovering on our coasts, within the limits of the gulf stream, and to bring the offenders in for trial as pirates.
The same system of hovering on our coasts and harbours, under colour of seeking enemies, has been also carried on by public armed ships, to the great annoyance and oppression of our commerce. New principles too have been interpolated into the law of nations, founded neither in justice nor the usage nor acknowledgment of nations. According to these a belligerent takes to itself a commerce with its own enemy, which it denies to a neutral, on the ground of its aiding that enemy in the war. But reason revolts at such an inconsistency, and the neutral having equal right with the belligerent to decide the question, the interests of our constituents, and the duty of maintaining the authority of reason, the only umpire between just nations, impose on us the obligation of providing an effectual and determined opposition to a doctrine so injurious to the rights of peaceable nations. Indeed the confidence we ought to have in the justice of others, still countenances the hope that a sounder view of those rights will of itself induce from every belligerent a more correct observance of them.
With Spain our negotiations for a settlement of differences have not had a satisfactory issue. Spoliations during the former war, for which she had acknowledged herself responsible, have been refused to be compensated but on conditions affecting other claims in no wise connected with them. Yet the same practices are renewed in the present war, and are already of great amount. On the Mobile our commerce passing through that river continues to be obstructed by arbitrary duties and vexatious searches. Propositions for adjusting amicably the boundaries of Louisiana have not been acceded to. While, however, the right is unsettled, we have avoided changing the state of things, by taking new posts, or strengthening ourselves in the disputed territories, in the hope that the other power would not, by a contrary conduct, oblige us to meet their example, and endanger conflicts of authority, the issue of which may not be easily controuled. But in this hope we have now reason to lessen our confidence. Inroads have been recently made into the territories of Orleans and the Mississippi, our citizens have been seized, and their property plundered in the very parts of the former which had been actually delivered up by Spain, and this by the regular officers and soldiers of that government. I have therefore found it necessary at length to give orders to our troops on that frontier to be in readiness to protect our citizens and to repel by arms any similar aggressions in future. Other details, necessary for your full information of the state of things between this country and that, shall be the subject of another communication. In reviewing these injuries from some of the belligerent powers, the moderation, the firmness and the wisdom of the legislature will all be called into action. We ought still to hope that time and a more correct estimate of interests as well as of character will produce the justice we are bound to expect. But should any nation deceive itself by false calculations, and disappoint that expectation, we must join in the unprofitable contest
of trying which party can do the other the most harm. Some of these injuries may perhaps admit a peaceable remedy. Where that is competent it is always the most desirable. But some of them are of a nature to be met by force only, and all of them may lead to it. I cannot therefore but recommend such preparations as circumstances call for. The first object is to place our sea port towns out of the danger of insult. Measures have been already taken for furnishing them with heavy cannon for the service of such land batteries as may make a part of their defence against armed vessels approaching them. In aid of these it is desirable we should have a competent number of gun-boats, and the number to be competent must be considerable. If immediately begun, they may be in readiness for service at the opening of the next season. Whether it will be necessary to augment our land forces, will be decided by occurrences probably in the course of your session. In the mean time you will consider whether it would not be expedient, for a state of peace as well as of war, so to organise or class the militia, as would enable us on any sudden emergency, to call for the services of the younger portions, unincumbered with the old and those having families. Upwards of three hundred thousand able bodied men, between the ages of 18 & twenty-six years, which the last census shews we may now count within our limits, will furnish a competent number for offence or defence, in any point where they may be wanted, and will give time for raising regular forces after the necessity of them shall become certain; and the reducing to the early period of life all its active service cannot but be desirable to our younger citizens, of the present as well as future times, inasmuch as it engages to them in more advanced age a quiet and undisturbed repose in the bosom of their families. I cannot then but earnestly recommend to your early consideration the expediency of so modifying our militia system as, by a separation of the more active part from that which is less so, we may draw from it, when necessary, an efficient corps, fit for real and active service, and to be called to it in regular rotation.
Considerable provision has been made under former authorities from Congress, of materials for the construction of ships of war of seventy four guns. These materials are on hand subject to the farther will of the legislature.
An immediate prohibition of the exportation of arms and ammunition is also submitted to your determination.
Turning from these unpleasant views of violence and wrong, I congratulate you on the liberation of our fellow citizens who were stranded on the coast of Tripoli and made prisoners of war. In a government bottomed on the will of all, the life and liberty of every individual citizen become interesting to all. In the treaty therefore which has concluded our warfare with that state an article for the ransom of our citizens has been agreed to. An operation by land & a small band of our countrymen, and others engaged for the occasion, in conjunction with the troops of the Ex-Bashaw of that country, gallantly conducted by our late consul Eaton, and their successful enterprize on the city of Derne, contributed doubtless to the impression which produced peace, and the conclusion of this prevented opportunities of which the officers and men of our squadron destined for Tripoli, would have availed themselves, to emulate the acts of valour exhibited by their brethren in the attack of the last year. Reflecting with high satisfaction on the distinguished bravery displayed whenever occasions permitted in the late Mediterranean service, I think it would be an useful encouragement, as well as a just reward to make an opening for some present promotion by enlarging our peace establishment of Captains and Lieutenants.
With Tunis some misunderstanding have arisen not yet sufficiently explained, but friendly discussions with their ambassador recently arrived, and a mutual disposition to do whatever is just and reasonable cannot fail of dissipating these. So that we may consider our peace on that coast, generally, to be on as sound a footing as it has been at any preceding time. Still it will not be expedient to withdraw immediately the whole of our force from that sea.
The law providing for a naval peace establishment fixes the number of frigates which shall be kept in constant service in time of peace and prescribes that they shall be manned by not more than two thirds of their complement of seamen and ordinary seamen. Whether a frigate may be trusted to two thirds only of her proper complement of men must depend on the nature of the service on which she is ordered. That may sometimes for her safety, as well as to insure her object, require her fullest complement. In advertising to this subject, Congress will perhaps consider whether the best limitation on the executive discretion in this case would not be by the number of seamen which may be employed in the whole service, rather than by the number of vessels. Occasions oftener arise for the employment of small, than large vessels; and it would lessen risk as well as expense, to be authorised to employ them of preference. The limitation suggested by the number of seamen would admit a selection of vessels best adapted to the service.
Our Indian neighbours are advancing, many of them with spirit, and others beginning to engage in the pursuits of agriculture and household manufacture. They are becoming sensible that the earth yields subsistence with less labour than the forest, and find it to their interest from time to time to dispose of parts of their surplus and waste lands for the means of improving those they occupy, and of subsisting their families while they are preparing their farms. Since your last session, the northern tribes have sold to us the lands between the Connecticut reserve and the former Indian boundary, and those on the Ohio, from the same boundary to the rapids, and for a considerable depth inland. The Chickasaws and Cherokees have sold us the country between and adjacent to the two districts of Tennessee, and the Creeks the residue of their lands in the fork of Ocmulgee up to the Uconahatch. The three former purchases are important, inasmuch as they consolidate adjacent parts of our settled country, and render their intercourse secure; and the second particularly so as, with the small point on the river which we expect is by this time ceded by the Piankeshaws, it compleats our possession of the whole of both banks of the Ohio, from its source to near its mouth, and the navigation of that river is thereby rendered forever safe to our citizens settled and settling on its extensive waters. The purchase from the Creeks too has been for some time particularly interesting to the state of Georgia.
The several treaties which have been mentioned will be submitted to both Houses of Congress for the exercise of their respective functions.
Deputations now on their way to the seat of government, from various nations of Indians, inhabiting the Missouri and other parts beyond the Mississippi, come charged with assurances of their satisfaction with the new relations in which they are placed with us, of their disposition to cultivate our peace and friendship, and their desire to enter into commercial intercourse with us. A state of our progress in exploring the principal rivers of that country and of the information respecting them hitherto obtained, will be communicated so soon as we shall receive some further relations which we have reason shortly to expect.
The receipts at the treasury during the year ending on the 30th day of September last have exceeded the sum of thirteen millions of dollars, which, with not quite five millions in the treasury at the beginning of the year, have enabled us after meeting
other demands, to pay nearly two millions of the debt contracted under the British treaty and convention, upwards of four millions of principal of the public debt, and four millions of interest. These payments, with those which had been made in three years and one half preceding, have extinguished of the funded debt nearly eighteen millions of principal.
Congress, by their act of November 10, 1803, authorised us to borrow 1,750,000 dollars towards meeting the claims of our citizens assumed by the convention with France. We have not however made use of this authority: because the sum of four millions and an half, which remained in the treasury on the same 30th day of September last, with the receipts which we may calculate on for the ensuing year, besides paying the annual sum of eight millions of dollars, appropriated to the funded debt, and meeting all the current demands which may be expected, will enable us to pay the whole sum of three millions seven hundred and fifty thousand dollars assumed by the French convention, and still leave us a surplus of nearly a million of dollars at our free disposal. Should you concur in the provisions of arms and armed vessels recommended by the circumstances of the times, this surplus will furnish the means of doing so.
On this first occasion of addressing Congress since, by the choice of my constituents, I have entered on a second term of administration. I embrace the opportunity to give this publick assurance that I will exert my best endeavours to administer faithfully the Executive Department, and will zealously co-operate with you in any measure which may tend to secure the liberty, property, and personal safety of our fellow-citizens, and to consolidate the republican forms and principles of our government.
In the course of your session you shall receive all the aid which I can give for the dispatch of the publick business, and all the information necessary for your deliberations of which the interests of our own country, and the confidence reposed in us by others, will admit a communication.
TH: JEFFERSON.
December 3d, 1805. Mr. Randolph immediately rose and moved that the message of the president, just read to this house, be referred a committee of the whole. Agreed.
Mr. Nicholson moved, that an additional number of copies be ordered to be printed. A member named 1000, another 1500 and another 2000.
The question was put for printing 2000, and lost.
Mr. Thomas complained of former delay in being furnished with printed copies—to which Mr. Nicholson replied, that 1500 copies could be ready in two or three hours. Ordered that 1500 copies be printed.
Mr. Randolph from the committee of ways and means, stated a deficiency in the navy department, and moved for a bill providing further appropriations.
The report of the secretary of the treasury was read, which stated that 600,000 dollars were deficient.
A bill was twice read for a further appropriation, and, upon the motion of Mr. Randolph, the blank for the sum was filed up with two hundred and fifty thousand dollars.
Ordered to be engrossed and read a third time to-morrow.
Petition of William Smith, presented last session, referred to committee of claims.
The following resolution was then read. Resolved that the committee of the post-office and post-roads, be directed to enquire into any and what abuses exist in the privilege of franking letters, and to take steps to remedy the same.
An amendment was moved—that after the words "franking letters," there should be added the words "by the deputy post-masters."
This brought forward a short debate, in the course of which, some abuses of the privilege of franking, in the deputy post-masters were complained of—and some instances named.
Mr. Elliot objected to the amendment. He wished it to be more general, so that it might extend to all who had the privilege of franking letters.
Mr. Alston said, he wished the motion and the amendment both to be withdrawn, and to make the resolution, to enquire whether any abuses did exist.
The amendment was withdrawn, and the resolution stood as first moved, and was carried. Adjourned.
Gazette Marine Memoranda.
ARRIVED.
Sloop George, Fowler, of and from Savannah, bound to New-York, loaded with Live Oak Timber. On the 20th November, in a gale was driven on Hatteras shoals, carried away his mast and bowsprit, lost the long boat, both anchors and cables—put in to refit.
The ship Brutus, Pendergrast, from this port bound to Nantz, is put into New-York, in distress, having sprang a leak in a gale on the 25th Nov.
DEAGLE'S Packet will sail for Baltimore on Wednesday.
FERGUSON'S Packet will sail for Baltimore on Friday next. Dec. 9.
Pursuant to a Deed of Trust executed by CHARLES MAHON, to secure a Debt due to JOHN WHITTINGTON,
WILL BE SOLD, FOR CASH, AT THE EXCHANGE COFFEE-HOUSE, ON MONDAY, the 16th inst. at 12 o'Clock, All the interest of the said MAHON in
A HOUSE and LOT of LAND,
Situate on the East side of Church-Street, and bounded as follows, to wit: "Beginning at a corner stone next to James Taylor's house and lot, leading thence Southwardly, or thereabouts, to a back ally formerly known by the name of Stammer's ally, thence leading a South-west course, or thereabouts, twenty feet to another corner stone, and from said corner stone leading about West North West along Whittle and Boush's land, up to Church-Street to another corner stone, thence along the front on Church-Street twenty feet to the first station, next to James Taylor's house and lot."—The original lease was for 16 years, and commenced on the 20th day of June, 1795.
THE TRUSTEE.
December 4. tds 327
A Valuable Seat on Puncoteague. WILL BE SOLD, on the 26th day of December next, upon the premises, That Valuable SEAT
on the head of Puncoteague Creek, late the residence of David Bowman, Esq. deceased. There are on the premises, which contain about eight acres of Land, a handsome two story Dwelling-House, just finished, having two rooms and an entry below, a Dairy, Smoke-House, Kitchen, convenient Store House, and other necessary buildings.—The payments by direction of the Will of the deceased, will be by three annual instalments, carrying interest from the day of sale, secured by bonds with approved security, and a mortgage on the premises; possession given on the day of sale.—Few situations on the Eastern-Shore, are esteemed more desirable than this now offered for sale: lying on the head of the most navigable creek on the Eastern-Shore, in a very productive part of the County of Accomack, where living is cheap, and having proved from experience an excellent stand for a store, it is certainly a property that must be very desirable to any person wishing to fix themselves, and such an one as is but seldom for sale.
JOHN S. KER, WILLIAM SEYMOUR, } Executors. Accomack County, Nov. 19. 120 Dec. 307
JUST ARRIVED, FROM EUROPE
A Grand Collection of FIGURES,
(As natural as Life.) New Exhibiting in the House in Church-Street, formerly kept at an Academy, adjoining the E. Episcopal Church,
Representing the great Monarchs and high Persons of Europe, &c. &c.
General Washington, Thomas Jefferson, General Hamilton, His Holiness Pius VII. the present Pontiff, Charles IV. king of Spain; Ferdinand, prince of Austria, Maria Antoniette, princes of Austria, Louis XVI. late king of France, Maria Antoniette, late Queen of France, The Dauphin of France; Francis II. Emperor of Germany, Maria Theresa Charlotte, Empress of Germany, Maria Theresa, daughter of the late Queen of France, Alexander I. Emperor of Russia; General Buonaparte, Ferdinand, Prince of the two Sicilies; Prince of Peace, George III. king of England; General Moreau, General Desaix, killed at the memorable battle of Marengo, The Archduke Charles, general in chief of the Austrian army, Jean Jacques Rousseau.
The celebrated father Valentine, chief engineer at Mantua, by whose great abilities that great city was enabled to hold out so long against the French,
Amureth, Bey of Alexandria in Egypt; Admiral Nelson,
Voltaire; The cruel Emperor Nero, tyrant of Rome,
The famous philosopher Socrates, condemned to die by order of the emperor on account of his writing books and voicing against his tyranny. He is to be seen sitting on a chair bleeding to death, having the four veins opened, which is the same situation he was in when dying.
Marat, a representative of the people of France,
The celebrated Charlotte Cordes, in the act of assassinating
Marat in the Bath, to revenge the death of her lover and brother, whom the said Marat has caused to be guillotined, after which she was also carried to the scaffold.
Robespierre, one of the French tyrants during the convention.
These figures have been procured by an able artist, at an extraordinary expence, and have afterwards been exhibited at Rome, Vienna, Milan, Madrid, and several other cities in Europe, and have always excited admiration.
The company at intervals will be entertained by a choice band of Musick, with several Italian pieces.
The owner of the Museum of Wax-figures have determined to fix the price of admittance to the low price of 50 cents, in order that every body may have the advantage of the sight, (being the first and very likely the last time that such a curious piece of work has been exhibited in this country) takes the liberty of inviting the ladies and gentlemen of this town to profit of this opportunity by seeing them.
Admittance for grown persons, Fifty Cents—Children half price.
Hours of admittance from 9 o'clock in the morning, till 9 in the evening.
Persons of colour admitted every Friday, from 9 o'clock in the morning, till 12 in the afternoon.
** The ladies and gentlemen of Norfolk, are respectfully informed, that these Figures will remain here only two weeks. Dec. 9. 336
Landing at Commerce-Street Wharf, 25 Hogsheads Muscovado SUGAR.
—A-FLOAT—
200 Bbls. Old CORN, free of Weevil,
552 do. Superfine FLOUR—For sale by
JAMES DYKES, & CO.
December 9. 3t 337
LAND FOR LEASE.
That valuable and central LOT of LAND, in Wide Water-Street, opposite the head of Marsden's wharf, is offered for Lease for a term of years. For particulars apply to
Francis Smith.
Who offers for Sale,
16 Casks choice Claret WINE,
4 Pipes French BRANDY, 4 Pipes Hollands GIN, 10 Puncheons Windward Island RUM, Old Peach BRANDY in barrels, Old Apple do. in do. N. E. RUM in do. 1st and 2d quality SUGAR in do. A few boxes of fresh RAISINS, 2000 wt. good COFFEE, 40 pieces RUSSIA SHEETING.
A small invoice low priced BLUE CLOTHS, at a low advance for quick payment.
December 9. 3t 338.
All persons having claims against the Estate of ROBERT WARREN, deceased, either by bond or open account are desired to bring them forward for settlement, and those indebted to make immediate payment to
Warren Ashley, Administrator.
Who will sell on Friday the 20th inst. at the late dwelling house of the deceased, in Princess-Anne County,
All his Stock of every kind, together with the Household and Kitchen Furniture, a negro Man and Boy, a parcel of Corn, Fodder, and Oats. Six months credit will be given and bond with approved security required; at the same time the Plantation will be rented for one year.
December 9. tds 339
Ten Dollars Reward.
RAN-AWAY from the Subscriber on the 8th inst. a Negro Lad by the name of GEORGE, or GEORGE BARKER, about 16 years of age, 5 feet two or three inches high, slim made and very black, has a down look when spoken to; had on when he went off, a coarse hat, blue jacket and oz-naburg or canvas trowsers. I will give the above reward to any person who will apprehend the said boy, and deliver him to me on board the sloop Patty, lying at Myers's wharf, or to William Jones, Jailor, Norfolk, who in my absence can identify him.
George Clarke.
N. B. On being asked he will no doubt acknowledge he once was a chimney sweeper in New-York. Dec. 9.
By virtue of a Deed of Trust, executed by
Mr. EDWARD JOHNSTON to the Subscriber,
WILL BE SOLD,
Upon the premises, at Publick Auction, to the highest bidder, on the 23d day of December next, the unexpired term of and in the
LOT of LAND,
on Commerce-Street, at present occupied by the said Johnston, together with its appurtenances, as conveyed to the Subscriber—Upon this Lot there is erected a new and excellent Fire-Proof WARE-HOUSE—The Lease is for a long term of years, and is renewable forever, upon the payment of a moderate annual ground rent.—The terms of sale will be made known on the day of sale.
L. W. Tazewell, Trustee. November 29. tds 336
TO PRINTERS.
I WILL DISPOSE OF A FONT OF BURGEIS TYPE,
Upon which the Publick Ledger is at present printed. It consists of about 600 lbs. well-assorted Letter, with French and Latin accents; has been carefully used; and is almost as good as when new. Should the whole be too much, any one who might incline to purchase ONE HALF, will please to make application, by letters post paid, or personally, at this Office. The terms will be liberal, and a credit will be given, if required, to a purchaser who can give good security in Norfolk or Baltimore.
John Cowper.
BLANK NOTES AND CHECKS for both Banks, printed on paper of a superior quality, for Sale at this Office.

LIVERPOOL SALT, &c. &c.
FOR SALE,
The Cargo of the Ship John, William Colley, Master, from Liverpool —consisting of 12,000 Bushels STOVE SALT—Loose and in Sacks. 100 Crates QUEENS WARE—Assorted. 25 Casks NAILS—3d. to 20. 5 Bales BLUE KERSEYS. 3 do. BLUE PLAINS. 2 do. low priced BLUE & BROWN CLOTHS. 10 do. DUFFIL BLANKETS—Assorted. 10 do. ROSE BLANKETS do. 3 do. BLUE DUFFILS. 18 Tons COAL.
William Pennock.
November 8. tf 261
To be Leased,
For one or six years, and possession to be had on the first of January next.
A Commodious BRICK-HOUSE on Smith's Point, now occupied by Mr. Harris—all convenient offices, and a good garden are annexed to the tenement—For the accommodation of a tenant, an adjoining lot may be had.
P. Barraud.
November 18. tf 268
HUNTER & GATEWOOD,
Have received per Ship Jones, Captain Colley, from Liverpool , the balance of their supply of
FALL AND WINTER GOODS,
Which in addition to their former importation from London, makes their assortment general and complete—it consists of almost every article of useful and fashionable goods too tedious to enumerate, which they offer for sale, at their Store No. 129, Main Street, by Wholesale and Retail, on the lowest terms for cash, or short payments.
November 8. tf 262
FOR SALE,
The Cargo of the Brig Paragon, Captain Ainsley —Consisting of 157 Puncheons high proof JAMAICA RUM. 7 Hogsheads MOLASSES.
Redmon & Frith.
Who have removed to the second Fire-Proof Store, on Gibson's Wharf.
November 13. tf 271
FOR SALE, BY THE SUBSCRIBER,
AT HIS LUMBER YARD ON CALVERT'S WHARF, 700,000 SALE SHINGLES. 50,000 BUILDING do. 50,000 STAVES—White and Red Oak. 10,000 CYPRESS PALES. 5,000 CEDAR and CHINQUEPIN POSTS.
Also—shall keep a supply of PLANK AND SCANTLING.
Thomas H. Parker.
August 19. tf 77
TO RENT,
And possession given the first of September, A LARGE and commodious three story Brick House, in Church-Street, at present occupied by Mr. Henop, the first floor is completely fitted for a Store and Counting Room, and the upper part well calculated for the residence of a genteel family, with two kitchens, all other necessary out houses, and a paved yard. For terms apply to
William Plume & Co.
August 19. tf 86
LADIES FASHIONABLE SHOES.
SEVERAL Trunks of Ladies plain and fashionable LACED KID SHOES, and Gentlemen's fashionable London made do. just received by the ship Planter, Captain Boush , and for sale by
Gilliat & Mackinder.
September 9. tf 195
Hibbert's Porter and Brown Stout.
Received per the Ship Shepherdess , from London, a further supply of
Hibbert's best bottled Porter & Brown Stout.
Robert Maitland, & Co.
November 6. tf 256
FALL AND WINTER GOODS.
GILLIAT AND MACKINDER,
Have received by the Ship PLANTER, BONSU, from London, and FREDONIA, from Liverpool , their supply of
FALL AND WINTER GOODS,
And will be Sold on low terms, for Cash, or approved Acceptances in Town—Amongst which are
  17 Bales of Napt Cottons.  16 Boxes Boys' and Men's Hats.    18 do. of Rose Blankets.  6 Trunks of Manchester.    8 do. Stripe do.  4 Boxes Cutlery, assorted.    9 do. White and Red Flannels.  30 Casks Shot.    10 do. White Phins and Kerseys.  150 Kgs of Gunpowder.    12 do. Blue do.  40 Casks Nails.    14 do. Blue & Green Half Thicks.  4 do. Seine Twine.    6 do. Stripe and Grey Coatings.  6 Boxes Men's and Women's Worsted Hose.    2 do. Yarn Hose.  3 Bales of Oznaburgs.    2 do. Carpeting and Carpets.  Fleece Hosiery, for Ladies' and Gentlemen's wear.    8 do. Mixed Fearnoughts.  Muslins, Dimities, Calicoes, &c. &c.   The above packages are well assorted.
September 16. tf 145
FOR RENT,
And possession given the 1st January next, or sooner if required.
A convenient Dwelling House, with a spacious Garden, in the fields, leading to Smith's Point, at present occupied by Mr. James McKinnell.—For terms, application will be made to
William Plume, & Co.
November 6. tf 254
FOR RENT,
(Possession whereof will be given the 1st of December,) The Three Story Fire-Proof WARE-HOUSE on Maxwell's wharf, at present occupied by Mr. Allmand.—A Tenement on Town-Point, conveniently accommodated for the residence of a small family, possession may be had immediately—and the Dwelling-House, Wharf, Warehouse, and Lumber Yard in the town of Portsmouth, in the occupancy of Mr. Jordan Marchant.—The last mentioned property will be disposed of separately or together; and possession delivered on the 1st day of January next.
John Nixon.
November 11. tf 263
THE SUBSCRIBER
Having opened Tavern in the EXCHANGE COFFEE HOUSE, will be glad to take in
TEN OR TWELVE GENTLE BOARDERS by the year.
Peter Kemp.
May 6. tf 654
FOR SALE,
On board the Brig Two Friends, — Boyley, Master,
26,000 BRICKS. 4,000 PAVING TILE. 300 GIN CASES.
William Pennock.
October 25. tf 228
MARTIN FISK,
Has just received by the late arrivals from London and Liverpool, and for sale, 100 crates Crockery Ware, well assorted, 150 kegs F & FF Powder, 5 tons Shot, 150 casks Wrought Nails 4. 6. 8. 10. 20d. 60 kegs White Lead, 50 bolts Oznaburgs, 20 casks Hibbert's Porter, 50 boxes Short Pipes, 1500 lb. Seine Twine, AND A GENERAL ASSORTMENT OF HARDWARE & CUTLERY.
ON HAND, 20,000 lbs. Prime Green Coffee, 25 Hhds. Muscovado Sugar, 10 do. Loaf do. 30 chests Hyson 15 do. Hyson Skin 10 do. Young Hyson 8 do. Imperial 10 Hhds. Old Antigua Rum, 60 barrels Rye Whiskey, 50 do. Apple Brandy. October 4. tf 184
THIS DAY LANDING,
From on board the Schooner Eagle, Captain Cross, from Bourdeaux , 160 Casks CLARET. 981 Cases assorted do. 66 do. do. White Oil. 80 Baskets SWEET OIL. 2 Trunks and 3 Cases Ladies' and Men's SHOES. 8 Cases Mens' and Children's Silk and Beaver HATS, assorted. DEMIJOHNS, ALMONDS, NUTS, &c. &c. For sale on liberal terms, by
John & James Galwey,
Commerce-Street Wharf. WHO HAVE ON HAND, 75 Boxes White & Brown Havanna SUGAR. September 6. tf 128
GERMAN GOODS.
JOHN C. NIEMEYER,
Has lately received and offers for Sale, the following Goods, for Cash, or on convenient credit, for approved Notes, viz.
 7000 Bags of 2 and 3 bushels, in bales of 600 each.  1000 East India Gunny Bags.  190 Pieces Ticklenburgs and Oznaburgs.  400 Brown Rolls.  400 White Rolls, different qualities.  100 White Plaitillas.  75 Brown Hollands.  100 Bretannias.  20 Dowlass.  63 Fine White Flanders Sheeting.  25 Shirt Linen of 20 to 100 dollars per piece of 37 yards.  40 Fine Red Bunts and Bed Ticking.  390 Velvet Ribbands, No. 2 to 150.  30 Russia Sheeting, and Diaper.  320 Dozen Snuff Boxes.  100 Boxes Baltimore Window Glass, in whole and half boxes, viz. 8 by 10, 9 by 11, 9 by 12, 10 by 12, and 12 by 14, at the manufacturer's prices, with the addition of the usual charges. 
 A few Barrels Philadelphia bottled Porter.  105 Boxes Shot Pipes.  120 Spanish Segars, of different quality.  150 lbs. Shoe Thread.  130 Twine.  15 Boxes Glass Ware, of different kinds, cut and plain.  57 Barrels Turpentine.  ALSO, 20 Dozen of Shoe Brushes. Violins, Flutes and Fifes. ditto Strings and Bows. Looking Glasses of all kinds. Nuns' Thread and Fine Lace. Thread Stockings, Plush for Saddles. Coffee Mills—Beads, and Bird Cages. Razors, Spectacles, and Penknives, 1st quality. Backgammon Tables, Dice, Cards, Chessmen. Fowling Pieces, Pistols, and Agut Flintlocks. Crooked Horn and Ivory straight Combs. An Invoice of Japanned Ware. do. do. of Mill Saws, Augers, &c. 40,000 Marbles. And a great variety of other Articles.
Apply as above. September 25. tf 164
Fresh Raisins, Malaga Wine, &c.
TOMORROW will commence landing on our wharf, from on board the Schooner Maryland Mary, capt. Howatt , from Malaga, her cargo, consisting of
 500 quarter casks Malaga WINE,  672 Boxes Muscatel RAISINS,  992 do. Boom do.  108 Jars GRAPES,  49 Quarter barrels SUN RAISINS,  30 Sacks soft shell ALMONDS,  50 Quarter barrels FIGS,  45 Kgs ANCHOVIES—all fresh and in good order, for sale on liberal terms. Apply to 
Donaldson, Thorburn, & Co.
November 18. tf 291
This Day landing at Commerce-street wharf, from on board the Schooner Sarah, capt. Parrot , from St. Bartholomews,
33 hds. & 10 tierces St. Kitt's SUGAR, 31 do. Montserrat RUM.
300 bbs. PORK, and 80 bbs. BEEF, Nor-
folk Inspection.
 70 do. New-York PORK,  8 Pipes London Particular Madeira WINE,  2 do. fourth proof BRANDY,  3000 wt BLACK PEPPER,  1200 bushels CADIZ SALT,  50 Firkins fresh Shandoah BUTTER—For Sale by 
James Dykes, & Co.
November 18. tf 290
PRIME FLOUR,
Made particularly for family use, just received by
J. & W. Southgate.
November 18. tf 283
The Subscribers offers for Sale, 31 Hhds. Prime Muscovado SUGAR,
21 Barrels Prime PORK, now landing on Marsden's wharf from on board the Schooner Weymouth , from N. York.
ALSO, 6 Hogsheads refined SUGAR,
Received per Schooner Richmond, capt. Seaman , from New-York.
Phinehas Dana, & Co.
November 18. tf 285
The CARGO of the Ship Eliza, Obediah Smith, master, from Bourdeaux , will commence landing This Day on Newton's wharf, consisting of
 440 Hogsheads choice CLARET,  293 Cases do. do.  143 do. White WINE,  180 Boxes Fresh PRUNES of excellent quality, for Sale by 
Moses Myers.
November 18. tf 237
CHEMISTRY MADE PLAIN.
PROPOSALS, FOR PUBLISHING BY SUBSCRIPTION, A NEW WORK, ENTITLED, Plain Discourses on the Chemical Laws of Matter, Containing a General View of the Principles and Improvements of the Science of Chemistry. With a particular Detail of those Parts, which are common and connected with Domestic Affairs; ADDRESSED TO THE CITIZENS OF AMERICA. BY THOMAS EWELL, M.D. &c. OF VIRGINIA.
TO THE PROMOTERS OF USEFUL KNOWLEDGE, I HAVE ventured to present for your patronage, a new work—It is a system of chemistry divested of such technical terms as retard the study, by those persons not desirous of entering into the useless refinements of the science; and it will convey particular descriptions of those processes that are for domestic purposes. The object of the work is to render the study of chemistry less difficult, more general and agreeable, as well as to lead to Improvements in various Arts.
Long has the greater part of mankind laboured under difficulties which might have been avoided by an acquaintance with the discoveries of philosophers. During the study of most sciences, we notice improvements unknown to the majority of the people; and in no one have these become more conspicuous than in the science of chemistry. Since the wild conjectures of deluded men were banished from its annals, the study has become one of the most useful and interesting to all of common understanding. The science is now characterised by a simplicity, hostile only to the pride of the pedantic scholar. Its extensive scenes are open, and with powerful attraction invite the entrance of the intelligent in the pursuit of pleasure, of information, or of most of the arts. An entrance is desired, that the wonderful beauty and wisdom displayed in the operations of nature may be contemplated with rapture, in parts neglected by the vulgar as a "dreadful void."
To those in the pursuit of pleasure, the study of chemistry affords the greatest delight. The conversion of solids into volumes of vivifying airs, and of airs and other fluids into solids, are processes which although inferior to many in chemistry, give unusual satisfaction. To know the composition of the substances surrounding us, with their connection and relation to each other, and to understand many of the arts of chemists, will impart to the mind an agreeable action, while it increases its capacity to make improvements. And such are the fascinating powers attached to the pursuit of this knowledge, that France is fast becoming a nation of chemists, in consequence of the general study of the science by the ladies as well as gentlemen.
The respectable Cultivators of land will be much benefitted by an acquaintance with chemistry. It will teach them the properties of the soil they cultivate, the art of making manures, and the kinds of vegetables as well as Manures best adapted for their respective farms. An idea of this may be formed from the famous fact, that by a judicious management of the grave yards at Paris, such quantities of salt-peter were procured for the powder manufactures as to enable the French government to prosecute their war!
To be able to detect the presence, and discriminate between the noxious and innocent metals, as well as to make most useful combinations of them; to ascertain the constituents of medicinal springs; to detect the adulterations of Wines and other drinks; and to correct corrupted airs, must be of consequence to most individuals.
The burning of bodies—The Arts of making Gunpowder and Saltpetre—common Salt—and all other Salts—Of Tanning Leather—Of purifying and preserving animal and vegetable Matter—Of Dying and Painting—Of making Glass and Earthen Ware—Of Brewing—Distilling, &c. &c. depend on Chemistry.
No doubt most of them would be improved by a further cultivation of the science, which, from its simplicity, could be done in but a small part of the time often mispent by the artists. This will appear less doubtful, by the following extracts from a letter I received from the President, Mr. Jefferson—and from one received from Judge Washington of Mount-Vernon.
"MONTICELLO, August 1805. "Of the importance of turning a knowledge of chemistry to household purposes, I have been long satisfied. The common herd of philosophers seem to write only for one another. The chemists have filled volumes on the composition of a thousand substances of no sort of importance to the purposes of life; while the arts of making bread, butter, cheese, vinegar, soap, beer, cyder, &c. remain totally unexplained. Chaptal has lately given the chemistry of wine making; the late Dr. Pennington did the same as to bread, and promised to pursue the line of rendering his knowledge useful to common life: but death deprived us of his labours. Good treatises on these subjects should receive general approbation. "Accept of my salutations, "and assurances of respect."
"TH: JEFFERSON."
"MOUNT-VERNON, 13th September 1805. "I have long thought that a work upon the plan you suggest, was much wanted by those who form the great bulk of readers on chemical subjects. I have not met with a single treatise which has not appeared unnecessarily obscured by technical terms, which only scholars can understand. They have been more generally addressed to the comprehension of professional men, than to those of the humbler walks of life; for whose use this science might be made most essentially to contribute, by adapting it to their capacities, and by pointing out the way by which its principles may be applied to the more common arts, in which they are daily employed. You will I think, do great good to society and . . . by executing such a work as you propose. My best wishes will accompany you in your labours, and I shall be happy to aid them as far as I can. "BUSH. WASHINGTON."
But, fellow citizens, for you to know the Beauty, the Connection, the Importance of the Science which I wish to communicate to you, it is necessary that you know the Science itself. To relate in the most intelligible terms the discoveries of chemical philosophers will not be the extent of my labours. I shall offer a new view of the art of ascertaining the fertility of lands, and of the formation of vegetable juices, which has been approved of by some distinguished characters. I shall also relate some original experiments, a part of which establish a hitherto disputed doctrine concerning heat, and throw light on the art of enriching impoverished land.
You will now determine by your subscription, whether the desire of one to disseminate knowledge highly useful and interesting to most of mankind shall be gratified—whether the proposed publication shall appear. T. EWELL.
TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION.
As soon as a sufficient number of subscribers are obtained, the work shall be put to the press. It will be comprised in about 500 pages, Octavo, and be printed on good paper with suitable type. A general Index will be annexed to the work—with proper drawings of the apparatus commonly used by chemists. The work shall be delivered in boards to Subscribers at Three Dollars, per copy. Subscriptions for the above work, received by the Editor of this Paper. 242
NEW CUT-NAIL MANUFACTORY,
ON TOWN POINT, A small distance below County Wharf, Wide Water Street.
THE Subscriber has, at a considerable expense, fitted up, in addition to his other business, a complete set of machinery, adequate to finish 500 to 600 lbs. of Nails daily. He is also provided with a good stock of Iron; and with a sufficient number of skilful workmen.
He has on hand a constant supply of
Nails, Flooring Brads, and Sprigs, which he offers for Sale at the reduced prices as follows, by the keg, viz.
  10d, 12d, 20d,  Nails,  8d  per lb.    8d,  do.  9d  per lb.    Sleathing  do.  7 1-2d  per lb.    6d,  do.  10d  per lb.    4d,  do.  3s.  per M.    2d,  do.  2s  7 1-2d    8d, 10d, 12d, and 20d,  Brads,  8d  per lb.    6d,  do.  4s  6d    4d,  do.  3s  do.    3d,  do.  2s  7 1-2d    2d,  do.  2s  7 1-2d   ALSO—HOOP AND BAR-IRON ASSORTED. LEVIN DORSEY.
March 18. 503
FALL AND WINTER GOODS.
RICHARD TAYLOR, Has received by the Ships Fredonia & Duffield , from Liverpool, his WOOLLENS AND HARDWARE. AND ALSO, By the Brig Triton, Captain Fraser , from London, An extensive choice assortment of FASHIONABLE GOODS. All of which he offers for Sale, by Wholesale and Retail, on the lowest terms. October 18. 2m 213
MUSEUM NATURAE, Of Norfolk and Portsmouth.
THE liberality of a number of friends of the Arts and Sciences, in Norfolk, having enabled the undersigned to make a beginning with this Institution, he has taken the house and lot, formerly occupied by Mr. Riffaud as a public garden, on the south side of the New Bridge, and feels confident that his labours and exertions will meet with ample encouragement from the liberal and enlightened communities of this, and of the neighbouring towns and counties.
The institution will consist of a Botanical Garden, containing specimens of all the vegetable productions of this country, and furnished with green-houses, for all such exotic and rare plants, as may be procured from abroad, of a cabinet of Natural Curiosities, composed of indigenous and exotic Quadrupeds, Birds, Fishes, Reptiles, Shells, Minerals, &c. scientifically cased and arranged, according to their various classes, orders, genera and species; and finally of a menagerie of all kinds of living Animals, Birds, Reptiles, &c.
He takes the liberty of soliciting the aid and assistance of the Inhabitants of this State, for the speedy increase of the collections, by favouring his infant institution with all such natural productions and curiosities, as they may have in their possession, and have no particular use for: whether Animals, living or dead; Vegetables, or Minerals. Every object thus proffered, will be carefully preserved, with the name of the donor thereon; and will serve as a lasting proof of his taste and love for Arts and Science, and of his liberality towards the Institution.
Subscriptions for the forwardness and increase of this undertaking, at the rate of 25 dollars, bearing interest at six per cent. per annum, and to be reimbursed at the expiration of two years, are still solicited and received at the Museum, or at the Book-Store of Messrs. A. C. Jordan, & co. and at Mr. Riffaud's, at Norfolk.
Besides the interest of their money, the subscribers to these terms, have the privilege of visiting, at their pleasure, and free from all expenses, the Museum Nature, whereat they will be considered to be the founders and chief promoters. DELACOSTE. November 22. 295
JUST RECEIVED,
By the ship Roba & Betsy, Capt. Richardson from London, and for sale by the Subscriber, A LARGE SUPPLY OF
DRUGS AND MEDICINES,
of all kinds. Patent Medicines, Perfumery, &c. &c. Also received by the ship Amira, Capt. Slevor