Norfolk gazette and publick ledger (Norfolk [Va.]), 1806-02-19 00:00:00

THIS PAPER IS PUBLISHED THREE TIMES A WEEK; PRICE TO SUBSCRIBERS FIVE DOLLARS AND FIFTY CENTS PER ANNUM...
FOR SALE—A FLOAT, 60 Hhds Richmond TOBACCO, 250 Barrels FLOUR, In Store, 40 Kgs LARD...
FOR SALE, A new well built Schooner, Burthen 120 55-95 tons—Liberal credit will be given...
FOR FREIGHT OR CHARTER, The good Prussian SHIP STADT EMDEN, Peter Jungenson, Master...
FOR LIVERPOOL, Intended to sail by the 10th March, The American ship ALEXANDER, Miles King, Master...
FOR CHARTER, The excellent new SHIP GLOBE, Stephen Howland, Master...
FOR NEW-YORK, The Sloop PATTY, George Clarke, Master...
FOR GREENOCK, The British Ship MARY, William Atton, Master...
For a Port in France, The fine coppered SHIP BELFAST, Geo. W. CARMAN, Master...
FOR A PORT IN FRANCE, The fine, newly coppered, fast sailing SHIP HIGHLAND MARY...
Wanted to Charter, A SHIP, of about 300 hogsheads burthen, to load for Falmouth and a Market.
Also— A VESSEL, of about 1000 barrels, to load for Madeira.
Notice is hereby given that I shall apply to the Court of Northampton County, at April term next...
COW-POX. The subscriber informs the publick, that some VACCINE MATTER which he has received from Philadelphia...
Landing this day, and for Sale, from brig Fame, 100 boxes Havanna SUGARS, 47 hds. MOLASSES...
SIX CENTS REWARD. ABSCONDED this morning without any provocation, an Apprentice boy named JOHN EWING...
The celebrated Arabian Horse SELIM, Which was imported into this state about 3 years ago...
TO RENT, A Ware-House on Commerce-Street Wharf—Apply to William Plume, & Co.
Now landing from on board the Sloop Director, and for SALE at the Ware-House formerly occupied by Messrs. James and Thomas Tucker...
FALL AND WINTER GOODS. GILLIAT AND MACKINDER, Have received by the Ship PLANET, Boust, from London...
NEW CUT-NAIL MANUFACTORY, ON TOWN POINT, A small distance below County Wharf, Wide Water Street.
The Subscriber has, at a considerable expense, fitted up, in addition to his other business, a complete set of machinery...
Nails, Flooring Brads, and Sprigs, which he offers for Sale at the reduced prices as follows, by the keg, viz.
SUGAR AND COFFEE. Landing this morning on Town-Point, the cargo of the brig Wheeler, from Guadalupe...
Clayed and Muscovada SUGARS, And Prime Green COFFEE in tierces. To be sold on moderate terms.
LIVERPOOL SALT. A Cargo of Stoved SALT, on board the Alexander—For Sale on moderate terms by J. & W. Southgate.
A few hundred bushels COALS. FOR SALE, BY THE SUBSCRIBER, AT HIS LUMBER YARD ON CALVERT'S WHARF...
PROPAGATION OF THE GOSPEL. From the United States' Gazette.
To all who love the prosperity of Zion, and are disposed to aid in propagating the gospel among the Heathens. The subscriber, lately returned from a voyage to the East Indies...
We, whose names are underwritten, ministers of the gospel in the city of Philadelphia, do hereby certify that we have fully ascertained, that the statement made by captain Wickes...
Some other important considerations, which it is hoped will as much encourage the liberality of the publick, as they animate the hopes and labours of the missionaries in India...
Seven languages are spoken in India: the Oorkul, which prevails among four millions of the inhabitants. The Telinga and Karnata, each spoken by about seven millions...
It is respectfully suggested that as the season for the departure of the Calcutta ships is fast approaching.
ing, whatever is done to promote the design which has been specified above, must be done without delay...
FROM A LATE TRINIDAD PAPER. Extracts from the minutes of his majesty's council, published by order of his excellency and the board.
Council Chamber, 20th Dec. 1805. The clerk of the council is directed by his excellency the lieut. governor and council, for the information of the publick...
It was proved that Sampson was king of the Macacque regiment; Baptiste, king of the Cocorite regiment...
That the intention of insurrection was only known to their chiefs, they having constantly refused admittance to women and inferior officers...
The other regiments which bore the names of Martinique, Guadalupe, La Fanisse and Marine, or Danish, do not yet appear to have been concerned in the plot...
By order of the board, W. HOLMES, dep. clerk of council. * White men.
To be Leased, For one or six years, and possession to be had on the first of January next.
A Commodious BRICK-HOUSE on Smith's Point, now occupied by Mr. Harris—all convenient offices, and a good garden are annexed to this tenement...

A GENTLEMAN of this place, received by last mail, a letter from a member of Congress at Washington, which states, that despatches had been received the day before from Mr. Monroe at London, stating that the disposition of the Court of St. James, towards this country was much more friendly than heretofore. The respectable source from whence we derive this information, induces us to place much reliance on it, and to insert it with equal confidence and pleasure.
The arrival of the Southern mail furnishes us with further interesting particulars of the state of Europe. It appears that the London Courier, an evening paper of the 19th Dec. contains further details of the late grand battle, with some particulars not before stated, they will be found in this day's paper. In addition to which, we observe the following paragraph in a Charleston paper.
"A packet from France, in a short passage, has arrived at Martinique. In addition to the details of the first successes of the French armies, this vessel is reported to have brought accounts that Massena had been defeated and taken prisoner by the Archduke Charles, and that 20,000 of the French troops had been killed and taken prisoners at the same time."
How this intelligence was received at Charleston is not stated.
THE JUNCTION OF PRUSSIA, we consider as now certain beyond all doubt, as the French (for we consider the Batavian governments as part of the French administration) having in the seizure of the Prussian ships struck the first blow, as appears from the following article copied from the Charleston Times of the 7th inst.
"The ship Averick, captain Decost, arrived this morning, sailed from Rotterdam on the 20th of December. Capt. D. brought no papers; but states, that the reports from the seat of war were, that there had been much hard fighting—and that Barnaparte, in the battle of the 2d December, had been slightly wounded in the arm. The last accounts however, were, that the French troops had been successful."
"Captain Decost furnishes one important article of information, which proves beyond doubt, that Prussia had taken part in the war: All the Prussian merchantmen in Rotterdam had been seized by the Dutch government; and accounts were momentarily expected of Prussia having struck a blow."
In another part of our paper will be found an article from St. Ubes, if no other circumstance proved the incorrectness of this account, the arrival from Rotterdam is conclusive, because it is not possible that accounts from the armies had reached St. Ubes the 30th December, and not to have been in Rotterdam on the 26th.
A London paragraph of the 16th December, takes the following notice of the armament under Sir Home Popham and Sir David Baird, which we have before stated upon information received from Barbados, to be at Buenos Ayres.
"The armament under Sir David Baird and Sir Home Popham, sailed from Madeira on the 3d October. It consisted of six sail of the line, two 50's, four frigates, two sloops, and two cutters, in all 16 sail of king's ships; and with India ships and transports, they amounted to 170 sail, having 5000 troops on board. They expected to be joined by 2050 more at Madeira, but not having arrived, the commanders would not wait for them. A circumstance which has given rise to much curiosity, occurred at Madeira—They took on board a number of mules, and at the same time took in forage for only 50 days consumption. It has been thought unlikely that they would have taken mules on board, if their destination had been the Cape, or that they would have taken mules for so short a time. Conjecture is, therefore afloat, and it is thought possible, that South America is the object; but against the idea is the employment of so many Indian men, which are full of troops."
On Wednesday the 5th inst. departed this life, after a short but severe illness, ROBERT BURTON, Esq. of Richmond, one of the firm of Brown, Rives, & Co. Merchants.
William and Mary College Lottery.
TWENTY-FIFTH DAY.
No. 1543, Prize of 500 Dollars.
Prizes of 15 Dollars.
Table with 8 columns: Nos., 20, 88, 25, 61, 423, 182, 994, 838. Subsequent rows list winning numbers for various prizes.
TWENTY-SIXTH DAY.
Nos. 6720, 4533, 7569, Prizes of 500 Dollars.
Prizes of 15 Dollars.
Table with 8 columns: Nos., 322, 798, 745, 985, 4606, 6186, 2122, 3432. Subsequent rows list winning numbers for various prizes.
Total gain of the Wheel 10,970 Dollars.
Extract of a letter from the Secretary of State to James Monroe, Esq. dated 5th January, 1804, relative to impressments.
We consider a neutral flag, on the high seas, as a safeguard to those sailing under it. Great Britain, on the contrary, asserts a right to search for, and to seize her own subjects; and under that cover, as cannot but happen, are often seized and taken off, citizens of the United States, and citizens or subjects of other neutral countries, navigating the high seas, under the protection of the American flag.
Were the right of Great Britain, in this case not denied, the abuses flowing from it would justify the United States in claiming and expecting a discontinuance of its exercise. But the right is denied, and on the best grounds.
Although Great Britain has not yet adopted, in the same latitude with most other nations, the immunity of a neutral flag, she will not deny the general freedom of the high seas, and of neutral vessels navigating them, with such exceptions only as are annexed to it by the law of nations.
She must produce an exception in the law of nations, in favour of the right she contends for. But in what written and received authority will she find it? In what usage except her own will it be found? She will find in both, that a neutral vessel does not protect certain objects denominated contraband of war, including enemies serving in the war, nor articles going into a blockaded port, nor, as she has maintained, and as we have not contested, enemy's property of any kind. But no where will she find an exception to this freedom of the seas, and of neutral flags, which justifies the taking away of any person not an enemy, in military service, found on board a neutral vessel.
If treaties, British as well as others, are to be consulted on this subject, it will equally appear, that no countenance to the practice can be found in them. Whilst they admit a contraband of war, by enumerating its articles, and the effect of a real blockade by defining it, in no instance do they affirm or imply a right in any sovereign to enforce his claims to the allegiance of his subjects, on board neutral vessels on the high seas. On the contrary, whenever a belligerent claim against persons on board a neutral vessel, is referred to in treaties, enemies in military service alone are excepted from the general immunity of persons in that situation; and this exception confirms the immunity of those who are not included in it.
It is not then from the law or the usage of nations, nor from the tenor of treaties, that any sanction can be derived for the practice in question. And surely it will not be pretended that the sovereignty of any nation extends, in any case whatever beyond its own dominions, and its own vessels on the high seas. Such a doctrine would give just claim to all nations, and more than any thing would countenance the imputation of aspiring to an universal empire of the seas. It would be the less admissible too, as it would be applicable in times of peace, as well as to times of war, and to property as well as to persons. If the law of allegiance, which is a municipal law, be at force at all on the high seas, on board foreign vessels, it must be so at all times there, as it is within its acknowledged sphere. If the reason alleged for it be good in time of war, namely, that the sovereign has then a right to the service of all his subjects, it must be good at all times because at all times, he has the same right to their service. War is not the only occasion for which he may want their services, nor is external danger the only danger against which their services may be required, for his security. Again; if the authority of a municipal law can operate on persons in foreign vessels on the high seas, because within the dominion of their sovereign they would be subject to that law, and the violating that law by being in that situation, how reject that inference that the authority of a municipal law may equally be enforced, on board foreign vessels on the high seas, against articles of property exported in violation of such a law, or belonging to the country from which it was exported? and thus every commercial regulation, in time of peace too, as well as of war, would be made obligatory on foreigners and their vessels, not only whilst within the dominion of the sovereign making the regulation, but in every sea, and at every distance where an armed vessel might meet with them. Another inference deserves attention. If the subjects of one sovereign may be taken by force from the vessels of another, on the high seas, the right of taking them when found, implies the right of searching for them; a vexation of commerce, especially in time of peace, which has not yet been attempted, and which for that as well as other reasons, may be regarded as contradicting the principle from which it would flow.
Taking reason and justice for the tests of this practice, it is peculiarly indefensible; because it deprives the dearest rights of persons of a regular trial, to which the most inconsiderable article of property captured on the high seas, is entitled; and leaves their destiny to the will of an officer, sometimes cruel, often ignorant, and generally interested by his want of mariners, in his own decisions. Whenever property found in a neutral vessel, is supposed to be liable on any grounds to capture and condemnation, the rule in all cases is that the question shall not be decided by the captor, but be carried before a tribunal, where a regular trial may be had, and where the captor himself is liable to damages, for an abuse of his power. Can it be reasonable then, or just, that a belligerent commander who is thus restricted, and thus responsible in a case of mere property of trivial amount, should, be permitted, without recurring to any tribunal whatever, to examine the crew of a neutral vessel, to decide the important question of their respective allegiances, and to carry that decision into instant execution, by forcing every individual he may chuse, into a service abhorrent to his feeling, cutting him off from his most tender connection, exposing his mind and his person to the most humiliating discipline, and his life itself to the greatest dangers? Reason, justice and humanity unite in protesting against so extravagant a proceeding. And what is the pretext for it? It is that the similarity of language and of features between American citizens and British subjects, are such as not easily to be distinguished; and that without this arbitrary and summary authority to make the distinction, British subjects would escape, under the name of American citizens, from the duty which they owe to their sovereign. Is then the difficulty of distinguishing a mariner of one country from the mariner of the other, and the importance of his services, a good plea for referring the question whether he belongs to the one or to the other, to an arbitrary decision on the spot, by an interested and unresponsible officer? In all other cases, the difficulty and the importance of questions are considered as reasons for requiring greater care and formality in investigating them, and greater security for a right decision on them. To say that precautions of this sort are incompatible with the object, is to admit that the object is unjustifiable; since the only means by which it can be pursued are such as cannot be justified.
The evil takes a deeper die, when viewed in its practice as well as its principles. Were it allowable that British subjects should be taken out of American vessels on the high seas, it might at least be required that the proof of their allegiance should lie on the British side. This obvious and just rule is, however, reversed; and every seaman on board, though going from an American port, and sailing under the American flag, and sometimes even speaking an idiom proving him not to be a British subject, is presumed to be such, unless shown to be an American citizen. It may safely be affirmed that this is an outrage and an indignity which has no precedent, and which Great Britain would be the last nation in the world to suffer; if offered to her own subjects, and her own flag. Nor is it always against the right presumption alone, which is in favour of the citizenship corresponding with the flag, that the violence is committed. Not unfrequently it takes place in defiance of the most positive proof, certified in due form by an American officer. Let it not be said, that in granting to American seamen this protection for their rights as such, the point is yielded, that the proof lies on the American side, and that the want of it in the prescribed form justifies the inference that the seaman is not of American allegiance. It is distinctly to be understood, that the certificate usually called a protection to American seamen, is not meant to protect them under their own, or even any other neutral flag on the high seas.
We can never admit, that in such a situation, any other protection is required for them, than the neutral flag itself on the high seas. The document is given to prove their real character, in situations to which neither the law of nations, nor the law of their own country, are applicable; in other words, to protect them within the jurisdiction of the British law, and to secure to them, within every other jurisdiction, the rights and immunities due to them if in the course of their navigation even on the high seas, the document should have the effect of repelling wrongs of any sort, it is an incidental advantage only, of which they avail themselves, & is by no means to be construed into a right to exact such a proof, or to make any disadvantageous interference from the want of it.
Were it even admitted that certificates for protection might be justly required in time of war, from American seamen, they could only be required in cases where the lapse of time from its commencement, had given an opportunity for the American seamen to provide themselves with such a document. Yet it is certain that in a variety of instances, seamen have been impressed from American vessels on the plea that they had not this proof of citizenship, when the dates and places of the impressments demonstrated the impossibility of their knowing, in time to provide the proof, that a state of war had rendered necessary.
Whether, therefore, we consult the law of nations, the tenor of treaties, or the dictates of reason and justice, no warrant, no pretext can be found for the British practice of making impressments from American vessels on the high seas.
Great Britain has the less to say in excuse for this practice, as it is in direct contradiction to the principles on which she proceeds in other cases. Whilst she claims and seizes on the high seas, her own subjects, voluntarily serving in American vessels, she has constantly given, when she could give, as a reason for not discharging from her service American citizens, that they had voluntarily engaged in it. Nay, more, whilst she impresses her own subjects from the American service, although they may have been settled and married, and even naturalized in the U. States, she constantly refuses to release from her's, American citizens impressed into it, whenever she can give for a reason, that they were either settled or married within her dominions. Thus, when the voluntary consent of the individual favours her pretensions, she pleads the validity of that consent. When the voluntary consent of the individual stands in the way of her pretensions, it goes for nothing! When marriage or residence can be pleaded in her favour, she avails herself of the plea. When marriage and residence, and even naturalization are against her, no respect whatever is paid to either!—She takes by force her own subjects, voluntarily serving in our vessels. She keeps by force American citizens, involuntarily serving in hers. More flagrant inconsistencies cannot be imagined.
Notwithstanding the powerful motives which ought to be felt by the British government to relinquish a practice which exposes it to so many reproaches, it is foreseen that objections of different sorts will be pressed on you. You will be told first, of the great number of British seamen in the American trade, & of the necessity for their services in time of war and danger. Secondly, of the right and prejudice of the British nation, with respect to what are called the British or narrow seas, where its domain would be abandoned by the general stipulation required. Thirdly, of the use which would be made of such a sanctuary as that of American vessels, for desertions, and traitorous communications to her enemies, especially across the channel to France.
1st. With respect to the British seamen serving in our trade, it may be remarked, first, that the number, though considerable, is probably less than may be supposed. Secondly, that what is wrong in itself cannot be made right by considerations of expediency or advantage. Thirdly, that it is proved by the fact, that the number of real British subjects gained by the practice in question, is of inconsiderable importance, even in the scale of advantage. The annexed report to Congress on the subject of impressments, with the addition of such cases as may be in the hands of Mr. Erving, will verify the remark in its application to the present war. The statement made by his predecessor during the last war, and which is also annexed, is in the same view still more conclusive. The statement comprehends not only all the applications made by him in the first instance, for the liberation of impressed seamen, between the month of June, 1797, and Sept. 1801, but many also which had been made previous to his agency, by Mr. Pinckney and Mr. King, and which it was necessary for him to renew. These applications therefore may fairly be considered as embracing the greater part of the period of the war; and as applications are known to be pretty indiscriminately made, they may further be considered as embracing, if not the whole, the far greater part of the impressments, those of British subjects as well as others. Yet the result exhibits 2,059 cases only, and of this number 102 seamen only, detained as being British subjects, which is less than 1-20 of the number impressed, and 1,142 discharged or ordered to be so, as not being British subjects, which is more than half of the whole number, leaving 805 for further proof, with the strongest presumption that the greater part, if not the whole, were Americans or other aliens, where proof citizenship had been lost or destroyed, or whose situation would account for the difficulties and delays in producing it. So that it is certain, that for all the British seamen gained by this violent proceeding, more than an equal number who were not so were the victims; it is highly probable that for every British seaman gained, a number of others, less than ten for one, must have been the victims, and it is even possible that this number may have exceeded the proportion of 20 to one.
It cannot therefore be doubted, that the acquisition of British seamen by these impressments, whatever may be its advantages, is lost in the wrong done to Americans ignorantly or wilfully mistaken for British subjects, in the jealousy and ill-will excited among all maritime nations by an adherence to such a practice, and in the particular provocation to measures of redress on the part of the U. States, not less disagreeable to them, than embarrassing to Great Britain, & which may threaten the good understanding which ought to be faithfully cultivated by both.—The copy of a bill brought into Congress under the influence of violations committed on our flag, gives force to this latter consideration. Whether it will pass into a law, and at the present session, is more than can yet be said. As there is every reason to believe that it has been proposed with reluctance, it will probably not be pursued into effect, if any hope can be supported of a remedy, by an amicable arrangement between the two nations.
There is a further consideration which ought to have weight in this question. Although the British seamen employed in carrying on American commerce, be in some respect lost to their own nation, yet such is the intimate and extensive connexion of this commerce, direct and circuitous, with the commerce, the manufactures, revenue, and the general resources of the British nation, that in other respects its mariners, on board American vessels, may truly be said to be rendering it the most valuable services. It would not be extravagant to make it a question, whether Great Britain would not suffer more by withdrawing her seamen from the merchant vessels of the United States, than her enemies would suffer from the addition of them to the crews of her ships of war and cruisers.
Should any difficulty be started concerning seamen born within the British dominions, and naturalized by the United States since the treaty of 1795, you may remove it by observing: First, that very few, if any such naturalizations can take place, the law here requiring a preparatory residence of five years, with notice of the intention to become a citizen entered of record two years before the last necessary formality, besides a regular proof of good moral character, conditions little likely to be complied with by ordinary seafaring persons. Secondly, that a discontinuance of impressments on the high seas will preclude an actual collision between the interfering claims. Within the jurisdiction of each nation, and in their respective vessels on the high seas, each will enforce the allegiance which it claims. In other situations the individuals doubly claimed, will be within a jurisdiction independent of both nations.
Secondly. The British pretensions to domain over the narrow seas are so obsolete and so indefensible, that they never would have occurred as a probable objection in this case, if they had not actually frustrated an arrangement settled by Mr. King with the British ministry on the subject of impressments from American vessels on the high seas. At the moment when the articles were expected to be signed, an exception of the "narrow seas" was urged and insisted on by Lord St. Vincent; and being utterly inadmissible on our part, the negotiation was abandoned.
The objection in itself has certainly not the slightest foundation. The time has been, indeed, when England not only claimed, but exercised pretensions scarcely inferior to full sovereignty over the seas surrounding the British isles, and even as far as cape Finisterre to the south, and Van Staten, in Norway, to the north. It was a time, however, when reason, intercourse of nations; when power alone decided questions of right, and when the ignorance and want of concert among other maritime countries facilitated such an usurpation. The progress of civilization and information has produced a change in all those respects, and no principle in the code of publick law is at present better established, than the common freedom of the seas beyond a very limited distance from the territories washed by them. This distance is not, indeed, fixed with absolute precision. It is varied in a small degree by written authorities, and perhaps it may be reasonably varied in some degree by local peculiarities. But the greatest distance which would now be listened to any where, would make a small proportion of the narrowest part of the narrowest seas in question.
What are, in fact, the prerogatives claimed and exercised by Great Britain over these seas? If they were really a part of her domain, her authority would be the same there as within her other domains. Foreign vessels would be subject to all the laws and regulations framed for them, as much as if they were within the harbours or rivers of the country. Nothing of this sort is pretended. Nothing of this sort would be tolerated. The only instances in which these seas are distinguished from other seas, or in which Great Britain enjoys within them any distinction over other nations, are first, the complement paid by other flags to hers. Secondly, the extension of her territorial jurisdiction in certain cases to the distance of four leagues from the coast. This first is a relick of ancient usurpation, which has thus long escaped the correction, which modern and more enlightened times have applied to other usurpations. The prerogative has been often contested, however, even at the expence of bloody wars, and is still borne with ill will and impatience by her neighbours. At the last treaty of peace at Amiens, the abolition of it was repeatedly and strongly pressed by France; and it is not improbable that no remote day it will follow the fate of the title of "King of France," so long worn by the British monarchs, and at length so properly sacrificed to the lessons of a magnanimous wisdom. As far as this homage to the British flag has any foundation at present, it rests merely on long usage, and long acquiescence, which are construed, as in a few other cases of maritime claims, into the effect of a general though tacit convention. The second instance is the extension of the territorial jurisdiction to four leagues from the shore. This too, as far as the distance may exceed that which is generally allowed, rests on a like foundation, strengthened, perhaps, by the local facility of smuggling, and the peculiar interest which Great Britain has in preventing a practice affecting so deeply her whole system of revenue, commerce and manufactures: whilst the limitation itself to four leagues, necessarily implies that beyond that distance no territorial jurisdiction is assumed.
But whatever may be the origin or the value of these prerogatives over foreign flags in one case, and within a limited portion of these seas in another, it is obvious that neither of them will be violated by the exemption of American vessels from impressments, which are no wise connected with either; having never been made on the pretext either of withholding the wonted homage to the British flag, or of smuggling in defiance of British laws.
This extension of the British law to four leagues from the shore, is inferred from an act of parliament passed in the year 1739, (9 G. 2 c. 35.) the terms of which comprehend all vessels foreign as well as British. It is possible, however, that the former are constructively excepted. Should your enquiries ascertain this to be the case, you will find yourself on better ground than the concession here made.
With respect to the compliment paid to the British flag, it is also possible that more is here conceded than you may find to be necessary. After the peace of 1763, this compliment was peremptorily withheld by France, in spite of the remonstrances of Great Britain; and it remains for your inquiry, whether it did not continue to be refused, notwithstanding the failure at Amiens to obtain from Great Britain a formal renunciation of the claim.
From every view of the subject, it is reasonable to expect that the exception of the narrow seas, from the stipulation against impressments, will not be inflexibly maintained. Should it be so, your negotiation will be at an end. The truth is, that so great a proportion of our trade direct and circuitous, passes through those channels, and such is its peculiar exposure to them to the wrong practised, that with such exception any remedy would be ever partial.—And we can never consent to purchase a partial remedy, by confirming a general evil, and by subjecting ourselves to our own reproaches, as well as to those of other nations.
Third, it appears, as well by a letter from Mr. Thornton, in answer to one from me, of both which copies are enclosed, as from conversations with Mr. Merry, that the facility which would be given, particularly in the British channel, by the immunity claimed for American vessels, to the escape of traitors and the desertion of others whose services in time of war may be particularly important to an enemy, forms one of the pleas for the British practice of examining American crews, and will be one of the objections to a formal relinquishment of it.
This plea, like all others, admits a solid and satisfactory reply. In the first place, if it could prevail at all against the neutral claim, it would authorise the seizure of the persons described only, and in vessels bound to a hostile country only; whereas the practice of impressing is applied to persons, few or any of whom are alleged to be of either description, and to vessels whithersoever bound, even to Great Britain herself. In the next place, it is not only a preference of a smaller object on one side to a greater object on the other; but a sacrifice of right on one side to expediency on the other side.

NINTH CONGRESS
OF THE UNITED STATES.
PROCEEDINGS
OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES.
FRIDAY, February 7.
Mr. J. Randolph, agreeably to notice given by him yesterday, made the following motion:
Resolved, By the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America, in Congress assembled, two thirds of both houses concurring, That the following article be submitted to the legislatures of the different states, which, when ratified and confirmed by the legislatures of three fourths of the said states, shall be valid and binding as a part of the constitution of the United States:
The judges of the supreme, and all other courts of the United States, shall be removed from office by the President, on the joint address of both houses of congress requesting the same.
The house having agreed to consider the motion, it was, at the instance of Mr. J. Randolph, referred to a committee of the whole on the state of the union.
Mr. J. Randolph gave notice that he should call up this motion on Thursday.
The house resolved itself into a committee of the whole—Mr. Gregg in the chair—on a bill declaring the assent of congress to an act of the state of North-Carolina.
The object of the bill is to give to Tennessee power to perfect titles to lands granted by North-Carolina, agreeably to a compact between the two states.
Having passed through the committee without amendment, the house took it into consideration:
When, after some explanations relative to the nature of the bill, it was ordered to a third reading on Monday.—Adjourned until Monday.
MONDAY, February 10.
Mr. Tenney laid before the house certain resolutions of the legislature of New-Hampshire instructing their senators, and requesting their representatives to take all legal and necessary measures for obtaining, in correspondence with the wishes of the legislature of North-Carolina, an amendment to the constitution of the United States, prohibiting the importation of slaves.
Ordered to lie on the table.
On motion of Mr. Dana,
Resolved, That a committee be appointed to consider and report whether any amendments should be made in the standing rules of the house relative to confidential communications.
Referred to a committee of five members.
Mr. Nicholson said he wished to lay on the table a resolution relative to the subsisting differences between the United States and Great Britain, on which several resolutions had already been offered. When this subject first came to notice at an early period of the session, he had foreseen that it might lead to the proposition of plans which might deeply affect the revenue of the government. He was, therefore, anxious that it might be referred to the committee of ways and means in whose hands the superintendence of the revenue was placed. To this committee it was referred in the first instance. But the house afterwards thought it to discharge that committee from its consideration, and to refer it to a committee of the whole on the state of the union. Mr. Nicholson observed that it was with great deference that he undertook to offer any resolutions embracing objects of such importance as the differences between Great Britain and this country. If the subject had remained with the committee of ways and means, or with any other select committee, a set of resolutions in a digested form might have been expected, and it might have been shown in what manner and to what extent the revenue would probably be affected. When, however, resolutions were offered by individual members, it was impossible to offer any such calculations, and the subject would consequently come before the house in an undigested form.
Mr. N. said he had seen two propositions, neither of which he liked. One was a resolution offered by a gentleman from Pennsylvania (Mr. Gregg.) When he considered that our importations from G. Britain amounted annually to about twenty-five millions of dollars, and that the whole of this trade was, according to the proposition of the gentleman, to be prohibited, and it was also considered that the average amount of duties on articles imported from Great Britain was twenty per cent, it would at once be seen that the measure would affect the revenue to the amount of five millions annually.
Nor did it, in offering these resolutions, appear to have been taken into view, that while the measure had a very material effect on the revenue, it had likewise an immediate effect on the habits of our citizens who consumed goods imported from Britain.—With regard to the single article of cotton, its prohibition would operate in three different ways.—In the first place, the wants of our people will be increased in proportion to the prohibition of cotton goods; in the second place, the revenue would be affected by it; and in the last place, it was extremely probable, that the foreign demand for the raw material we furnish would be considerably diminished. A single fact would evince this with some force. In the year 1791 there were exported to Liverpool 64 bales of cotton; and in the first nine months of 1803 there had been exported to the same place 3,000 bales. This would show what the effect might be of the prohibition of the importation of articles manufactured from cotton in Great Britain on the demand for the raw material we furnish.
Mr. N. said he had seen another prohibition not offered indeed in the house of Representatives, but elsewhere, (alluding to it supposed to be the report of a committee in the Senate) which did not go to the extent of the motion by the gentleman from Pennsylvania, and therefore was not so deleterious in its effects, but which in his judgment was extremely objectionable. This proposition went to prohibit the importation of woollen of all descriptions, linens, nails, hats, looking glasses, rum, hardware, slate, salt, coal, boots shoes, ribbons, silks, plated and glass wares.
In this list there were four articles of great importance with which we are supplied from Great Britain, which our habits at least have enrolled on the list of necessaries, and with which we cannot be supplied either by ourselves or by other nations. With coarse woollens we are supplied altogether from Great Britain, and we cannot procure them elsewhere. Mr. N. said he had taken some pains to enquire into the state of the German manufactures, and he was convinced, from the information he had received that we could get, neither from Germany or Holland, those coarse clothes which are extensively consumed in the middle and Southern states, and he presumed throughout the whole country, except by those who moved in the higher walks of life. In Holland and Brabant, there were some such manufactures, but they were too narrow to supply us with any considerable quantity of them.
That kind of rum which we derive from Jamaica, Antigua and Barbadoes, and from which a large revenue is obtained, Mr. N. presumed was not to be got elsewhere, as the whole of this article which was imported into the United States was consumed, and no part of it exported, it followed of course that the revenue would be diminished in proportion to the extent of the prohibition.
The manufactures of Birmingham and Sheffield going generally by the name of hard-ware, could be
got no where else. The whole of these imported were consumed in the United States, and their prohibition would have the same effect on our revenue.
Of salt, which was imported from different countries, and which amounted annually to three and a half millions of bushels, not more than the one hundredth part was exported. By diminishing the quantity imported, we both increase the price of the article, and decrease the amount of the revenue.
Mr. N. said the course that seemed to him most proper, was to select among the manufactures of Great Britain such articles as we might import from thence, and can supply ourselves with by our own industry, or obtain from other countries. This would present to Great Britain a plan that would at once be seen to be practicable. By laying a prohibition on the importation of all articles received from Great Britain or her colonies one of two effects must ensue. Either we shall be laughed at by Great Britain and the other European powers for adopting a system altogether impracticable, because we cannot adhere to it; or we shall furnish to her minister, whose character for decision is well known, a pretext for sweeping the ocean of every dollar of American property afloat on it.
If, on the contrary, we adopt a system which is practicable, to which it is seen that we can adhere without injuring ourselves, and which will materially affect Britain, we may hope that measures will be taken by her government for the adjustment of our differences, and the rendering us complete justice.
Mr. N. then submitted the following resolution:
Resolved, That from and after the day of next, the following articles, being of the growth, produce or manufacture of Great Britain or Ireland, or of any of the colonies or dependencies of Great Britain, ought to be prohibited by law from being imported into the United States or into the territories thereof, viz.
All articles of which leather is the material of chief value; all articles of which tin or brass is the material of chief value; tin in sheets excepted; all articles of which hemp or flax is the material of chief value; all articles of which silk is the material of chief value; woollen cloths, whose invoice prices shall exceed—; woollen hosiery of all kinds; window glass, and all other manufactures of glass; silver and plated wares; paper of every description; nails and spikes; hats; clothing ready made; millinery of all kinds; playing cards; beer, ale and porter; and pictures and prints.
Mr. Nicholson concluded by remarking that he would not undertake to say that he had made the best selection of articles. It was with great diffidence he had made the selection. He would, however, offer it at this time, that gentlemen might give their attention to it, and be prepared to enter on its discussion when the subject came before the house. He submitted these propositions at this time, to avoid any delay which might arise from withholding them till the house should have entered upon the subject.
This resolution was immediately considered by the house, and referred to a committee of the whole on the state of the union, and ordered to be printed.
On motion of Mr. G. W. Campbell, certain resolutions offered on the 3d of January 1794, by Mr. Madison, on the differences at that time subsisting between the United States and Great Britain, were ordered to be printed.
Mr. Crowninshield said the gentleman from Maryland (Mr. Nicholson) had observed several resolutions prohibiting the importation of sundry articles of British manufacture into the United States. Mr. C. observed that he had another project which he wished to submit, relative to our trade with the British West Indies. He did not mean at this time to discuss the subject, either so far as respects connected with the propositions of the gentleman from Maryland, or with that of the gentleman from Pennsylvania, which went to a much greater extent. But with regard to one idea expressed by the gentleman from Maryland, he thought it proper to say a few words. That gentleman has observed that the proposition offered by the gentleman from Pennsylvania would affect the revenue to the amount of five millions of dollars; and therefore impressed upon the house the duty of being extremely cautious in taking such a step. Mr. C. said he did not believe the adoption of that proposition would effect the revenue to any such extent. He did not believe it would affect the revenue to the amount of a million of dollars. Because, although we should prohibit the importation of British goods, we could get most of the same articles from other countries. We get salt from Cadiz and Lisbon, and from several other places. Rum could be got from every island in the West Indies; and if we should not be able to get a sufficient quantity of it to supply our wants, we could import from France brandies which will be a good substitute. We may also get woollens from the continent of Europe, and every article on the list, perhaps at higher prices. It was not, however, Mr. C. said, his object at this time to discuss the merits of either proposition. His chief object was to offer his own project, which related to the West Indies. Every one knows that those islands are dependant on the United States for the necessaries of life; that they cannot get many important articles they absolutely want from other countries. Every one knows that for fish, beef, pork and lumber, they are dependant on us, inasmuch as they cannot get them elsewhere. How is the trade carried on? Great Britain has adopted a curious commercial principle, bottomed on the principle of her navigation act; which in time of peace almost amounts to a prohibition to introduce into her islands any article of ours; and which in time of war opens the ports of a few of her islands for the introduction of particular articles for three or six months. Mr. C. said he wished to see this trade permanently open to the citizens of the U. States. He thought it probable this might be done by the adoption of his plan. The gentleman from Pennsylvania had offered a proposition which was calculated to meet in part the practices of Great Britain. The first resolution related to trading to the West Indies in foreign vessels and not in vessels of the U. States. Every one knew that in the trade between the U. States and the West Indies there were either none, or very few foreign vessels.
Mr. Crowninshield then offered the following resolution:
Resolved, That from and after the day of next, no goods, wares, or merchandise shall be exported from, or imported into the United States or the territories thereof, in any ship or vessel whatever, to or from any European colonies or settlements situated on the eastern side of the continent of America, or its adjacent seas, northward of the Equator, unless the importation of all articles of the growth, product, or manufacture of the U. States and their territories, in American bottoms, is at all times admitted into the said colonies or settlements, and unless the exportation of the productions of the said colonies, or settlements, is permanently allowed in American bottoms from the same to the U. States and the territories thereof.
The resolution was considered and referred to a committee of the whole on the state of the union, and ordered to be printed.
WASHINGTON, February 12.
The secret bill for purchasing the Floridas passed the Senate on Friday last, and was carried by the secret committee, to the President on Monday. Yesterday Mr. Randolph, (one of the secret committee) reported to the house, that Mr. Jefferson had very
graciously received it. As soon as we hear of his signing, our readers will be informed.
The Hon. DUNCAN McFARLAND, from North-Carolina, took his seat in the House of Representatives, on Monday last.
(Washington Federalist.)
BALTIMORE, February 10.
Arrived ship Commerce, capt. J. Adams, 35 days from St. Ubes.—J. Adams, owner. Mr. Adams brings despatches to government from Mr. Bowdoin, our minister at Madrid, which were put on board about the 30th December. The report at Lisbon and St. Ubes was, that a recent engagement had taken place along the whole French line, which continued with little intermission for eight days, when a fresh reinforcement to Buonaparte's army decided the fate of the day, giving him a complete victory. 40,000 Russians laid down their arms, and were sent home on parole, and 20,000 which attempted to force their retreat, were cut to pieces. An armistice was the immediate consequence.—Such, says Mr. Adams, was the report at Lisbon on the last of December.
After the events which have occurred, there is nothing to render this action improbable, except the broken state of the Russian and Austrian armies. But as their situation may not have been altogether so desperate as represented in the bulletins, as they may have been reinforced by the whole of the Russian auxiliaries under Michelson, which were on their march to the seat of war, and as Buonaparte had previously wished a general engagement which had been declined, it is not unlikely that he was indulged by his opponents after they had concentrated all their forces, staking all their hopes on one last and desperate effort.
No printed or written advices of a political nature, except the despatches to government, have been received by the above arrival.
CHARLESTON, Feb. 7.
The United States sloop of war Hornet being under general orders to proceed to New-York, the gallant Capt. Chauncey, no sooner heard that a French privateer was off our bar, than he got his vessel in immediate readiness, and put to sea yesterday morning. This is no more than every one, who knows that brave officer, would have expected from him. His conduct on shore while in this city, left an impression in his favour on every mind; and we feel no hesitation to predict, that his conduct on the element to which his services are appropriated, will do honour to the flag under which he commands, and contribute, whenever occasion shall offer, to the glory of his country.
From the London Courier, December 19.
BRILLIANT VICTORY OVER THE FRENCH.
The Hanburgh mail due yesterday, arrived this morning, and has brought us, what was to be expected, intelligence of the utmost importance.
We congratulate the country upon the confirmation of the account of the defeat of the French on the second; and we have the further satisfaction to announce that they have experienced another, and more much more decisive defeat.
But to give a just idea of these important events, we must go back a little.
Skirmishes had taken place between the allies and the French, from the 29th ult. to the 2d inst. when the grand battle took place. The Russians, reinforced by Buchowen's army, felt confident of being superior to the enemy, and animated by the presence of their emperor, they advanced from Wischnau with more boldness than caution. In this way they were encouraged by the retreat of the French, who fell back behind the river Swarzach, their left at Brunn, their right at Nicholsburg. The allies advanced to Austerlitz.
The cannon from the fortress of Brunn, annoyed the allies greatly, in a flat country; they made a grand movement to deprive the French of that advantage; the French seized upon a favourable opportunity during this movement to attack the centre of the allies, which they did with great impetuosity, directing their whole strength upon that quarter. The result certainly was, after a long and bloody contest, from sun rise to sun set, that the centre of the allies were repulsed back to Wischnau, and that they lost their whole artillery. But the right wing of the allies was completely successful; the French were hence deterred from following the allies to Wischnau, and the foundation was thereby laid for the great and glorious event which followed.
The news of the result of the 2d inst. had been rapidly spread over the continent by the French, and represented as a complete and decisive victory. A State gazette of the 14th has been received here, stating that general Bruce had read on the parade at the Hague, despatches, stating the French to have gained a complete victory, having taken from the allies all their artillery, and killed, wounded, or made prisoners, 40,000 men—that among the latter was the grand duke Constantine.
Such are the accounts which will be circulated in the countries enslaved by France, for some time; but now let us look at a very different picture, by which we will find that the reports of Mr. Kay, the messenger, were well founded, and that the admiralty bulletin, which of course contained only a candid account of the advices received from the naval officers of the Adamant and Piercer, were not so far from the truth as we at first feared, though still they may have been a little exaggerated.
The allies who had been successful on the right wing on the 2d, and had not been driven further than from the field of battle, in the centre, having, as we have heard, recovered the effects of a mistake, of a very good general, whom we shall not name lest we should be wrong, now again advanced upon the enemy. This was the best proof that, though the events of the preceding day had been against them, they did not feel themselves to be decisively defeated. They advanced on the morning of the 3d against the enemy, without artillery! Hence the battle soon became a contest of the bayonet alone! As the allies advanced, the emperor Alexander, the bravest of heroes, rode through the ranks of the Russians, tho' exposed to a heavy fire from the French, encouraging them in the most gallant and enthusiastic manner, calling out constantly that it must be victory or death! as he was determined not to quit the field vanquished, and to die on the spot rather than yield. This conduct raised the enthusiasm of his men to the highest pitch, to desperation even; they advanced upon the French under a heavy and a galling fire, they themselves scarcely discharging a musket. They soon brought the enemy to close quarters with the bayonet; the bayonet and sabre were now only used—and Mr. Kay, the messenger, appears to have spoken with perfect truth when he said he went on the morning of the 3d near the field of battle, to try if he could see what was going forward; that he heard shouting and huzzing, but scarcely a musket fired; that it was but now and then he heard the report of any piece.
In this way, the bayonet and sabre alone used, the battle lasted all the morning of the 3d:—most deadly was the struggle. The Russians might fall, but not a man of them would give way. At this mode of fighting they are not only more expert than the French, but they are better fitted for it, by that enthusiasm and devotion, when inspired by a great leader, which makes them rather yield their lives to the last man than give way. The struggle with the
bayonet lasted in the most murderous manner till noon, when the French gave way, and their main body was totally routed. Victory now declared for the allies; but still the French contested the ground. The battle continued during the remainder of the 3d, it was renewed on the 4th, and it was not finished until the 5th, when the French were ultimately defeated in all quarters, the allies recovered all their artillery, made considerable captures from the enemy, and finally drove the whole of the French troops beyond the river Swarzach, behind which they were forced to fly for protection. Buonaparte renewed, and renewed the battle in vain; every stratagem, every excitement he employed to no effect; he has, for the first time in Europe, met with a grand and decisive defeat in a general battle.
The official accounts of these glorious and important events had reached Berlin and Hamburg. Lord Harrowby at the one town, and Mr. Thornton at the other, together with many other persons, have sent over the news. Sir Arthur Paget's despatches were, it is supposed, forwarded by Lord Harrowby by the hands of Mr. Donaldson, the messenger, who, having been shipwrecked, has not yet brought his despatches to town. But it is known that Mr. Donaldson is arrived at Dover, and he is expected in London every minute. In the mean time we can confidently affirm the accounts we have given are correct. Even the Hamburg papers state the news, and that the allies were at Austerlitz, far in advance of Wischnau, and consequently master, not only of the field of battle, but of all the country east of the river Swarzach.
Every account is full of the noble ardour, devotion, and valour of the Emperor Alexander. He fought at the head of his guards, on both days, animating every heart and hand. How sublime an example he has set! He visits every court—he communicates to every monarch his own gallant and generous, and high minded feelings—he inspires the utmost confidence, and courage wherever he goes, and after having done all this, he fulfils the promise he had given of sincerity and attachment to the cause he had espoused, by rushing himself at the head of his subjects, into the hottest fire and fury of the battle, and risking his own life in the contest. This is the monarch whom Buonaparte characterised, as destitute of all manliness and energy—this is the monarch whom the opposition writers did not hesitate to load with the most opprobrious epithets.
The first column of the Prussian troops has arrived in the environs of Nuremberg; the other columns are following with the utmost rapidity. A few days more will bring them to the seat of war. Angereau is to command the army destined to protect Buonaparte's rear, and act against the Prussians. He is now at Ulm, and his force is, it is said, to be increased to 60,000 men. But long before his reinforcements arrive the Prussians will be able to strike a decisive blow. The account of the Archduke Charles having reached Hungary, is confirmed, Massena is at Laybach.
Gazette Marine Memoranda.
ARRIVED.
Sch'r Sally, Brockett, from Washington, N. C. bound to Guadaloupe.—On the 8th inst. off Hatteras in a gale, carried away the mainmast; put in to refit.
CUSTOM-HOUSE—ENTERED.
Sch'r Lively, Smith, Salem. Sally, Brockett, Washington, N. C. Sloop Anselmo, Phillips, New-York.
CLEARED.
Sch'r Betsey & Peggy, Jones, Williamsburg. Victory, Hallett, Boston. Dispatch, Butler, Richmond. Industry, Deal, East-River.
SALE AT AUCTION.
Will be Sold on Saturday, the 22d instant, at 12 o'Clock, without reserve on the premises,
One third of the WHARF and improvements, known by the name of Gibson's wharf.—Terms of Sale 2, 4, and 6 months.
Robert Gibson.
Feb. 19. tds 515
AUCTION.
Will be Sold without reserve, on Friday, the 21st instant, all the STOCK belonging to the late firm of JOHN RORKE, & Co. consisting of an extensive assortment of
PAINTS of the best quality, dry and ground in Oil; Window, Print, and COACH GLASS; OIL; a few half pipes Old Brazil WINE.
Terms of Sale will be Cash for all sums not exceeding 60 dollars; six months credit on all other sums not exceeding 200 dollars; and 6, 9, and 12 months credit on all sums exceeding 200 dollars.—The Sale to commence at 10 o'Clock, and in case all the articles should not be disposed of on the 21st to be continued the next day.
Notes with approved endorsers will be required of all those who purchase on credit.
Francis Smith, V. M.
Feb. 10. tds 503
NOTICE.
Under the authority of a Deed, executed by Richard Lively, of the City of Williamsburg, on the 13th day of March, 1801, and duly recorded, I shall Sell on the Second Monday in March next, before the door of the Court-House of James-City County,
Two small Tracts of LAND,
Lying in said County, and several LOTS in the City of Williamsburg, conveyed in Trust to me by said Deed, or so much thereof as may be necessary to pay the debt secured thereby to Gilliat and Taylor, together with the charges of Sale, and expenses of the Deed. The Sale will be for Cash.
Robert Saunders.
Williamsburg, Feb. 3. ts 431
TO PRINTERS.
I WILL DISPOSE OF A FONT OF BURGEOS TYPE,
Upon which the Publick Ledger is at present printed. It consists of about 600 lbs. WELL-ASSORTED LETTER, with French and Latin accents; has been carefully used; and is almost as good as when new. Should the whole be too much, any one who might incline to purchase ONE HALF, will please to make application, by letters post paid, or personally, at this Office. The terms will be liberal, and a credit will be given, if required, to a purchaser who can give good security in Norfolk or Baltimore.
John Cowper.
SWEDES IRON.
A few tons just received by schooner Mohawk, from Copenhagen, for Sale by
Moses Myers.
Jan. 22. tf 454
FUR SALE—A-FLOAT,
363 Barrels Fine } FLOUR. 227 do. Superfine }
James Herron.
Feb. 14. 2 508
THE Subscribers will give orders on TURK'S ISLAND for cargoes of SALT, and receive payment for the same on delivery, by drafts on this place at 60 days sight.
James & Thomas Tucker.
January 17. 2aw8w 439

WANTED TO PURCHASE, A NEGRO WOMAN, who is a good House-Servant and Sempstress; one without children will be preferred. For one well recommended, a liberal price will be given. Apply to the Editor. Feb. 3. tf 479
LOTTERY TICKETS LOST. The following Tickets in the William and Mary College Lottery, viz. Nos. 1721, 2790, 7202, and 7778, have been lost. The finder will be liberally rewarded by leaving them at the Ledger Office. Feb. 7. tf 498
FRANCIS SMITH, Has opened his Vendue and Commission Office at the Store lately occupied by Messrs. Bowman and Walker, No. 48, Main-Street. Jan. 20. tf 451
If George William Clarke who left England for this Country in July, 1802, is living, he will hear of something to his advantage on application at this office. Norfolk, Jan. 15. tf 455
JUST LANDED, 25 Hogsheads Choice MOLASSES. For Sale by Thos. H. Parker. Jan. 10. tf 426
This Day landing, and for Sale, about 50,000 wt. Prime Green COFFEE, Imported in the ship Wasp, capt. Kemp, from Aux. Caves. Wilson, Cunningham, & Co. Jan. 29. tf 468
All persons having claims against the Estate of ROBERT WARREN, deceased, either by bond or open account are desired to bring them forward for settlement, and those indebted to make immediate payment to Warren Ashley, Administrator. December 9. tf 339
FOR RENT, A STORE-HOUSE near the Market-House in Portsmouth, an excellent stand for a Grocery or Shoe-Store, both of which are very much wanted in that place.—Enquire of the Printer. Feb. 10. tf 502
Soap and Candle Manufactory. The Subscriber informs the Publick, that his Manufactory in Bank-Street, is now in complete operation, and having employed as skillful workmen as any in the United States, he expects a part of the publick patronage. Henry McDowell.
N. B. FLATTS for Shoe-Makers, Tailors, &c.—Cash given for Tallow and Grease. December 20. tf 370
HUNTER & GATEWOOD, Have received per Ship Jones, Captain Colley, from Liverpool, the balance of their supply of FALL AND WINTER GOODS, Which in addition to their former importation from London, makes their assortment general and complete—it consists of almost every article of useful and fashionable goods too tedious to enumerate, which they offer for sale, at their Store No. 129, Main-Street, by Wholesale and Retail, on the lowest terms for cash, or short payments. November 8. tf 262
FOR SALE, The CARGO of the Schooner Elizabeth Margaret, now landing on Marsden's Wharf, 342 boxes White & Brown Havanna Sugars, 28 Hogsheads MOLASSES, 5 do. HONEY. —For terms apply to John Brown. January 6. tf 412
FOR SALE, Liverpool Salt, Kendal Cottons, &c. The CARGO of the Ship Industry, Noah Wright, master, from Liverpool—Consisting of 12,000 Bushels SALT, 8 Bales Kendal COTTONS, 10 Cases COPPER, 18 and 20 oz. 18 Sugar BOILERS, of 150 gallons each, 3 Hogsheads SKIMMERS and LADLES, 4 Casks Copper NAILS. —Apply to William Pennock. December 20. tf 367
MRS. MACDOUGAL, INFORMS her Friends and the publick, that she has taken that hand-some house belonging to Mr. Roberts, in the centre of Market Square, where she will receive Boarders on moderate terms—the strictest attention will always be paid to the diet rooms, and lodging, and every endeavour used to render a transient or permanent abode at her house satisfactory. September 25. tf 169
NOTICE. The Subscriber being desirous to close his unsettled concerns, requests all those who have accounts against him to present them at his office for adjustment, and persons indebted to him to make immediate payment. John Hamilton. October 14. tf 201
FOR RENT, And immediate possession given, The WAREHOUSE lately occupied by Mr. Edward Roberts—Also, The WAREHOUSE lately occupied by Mr. Edward Johnston.—For terms, apply to Robert Gibson. January 20. tf 450
JUST RECEIVED, By the ship Roba & Betsy, Capt. Richardson from London, and for sale by the Subscriber, A LARGE SUPPLY OF DRUGS AND MEDICINES, of all kinds.
Patent Medicines, Perfumery, &c. &c. Also received by the ship Almina, Capt. Stover A LARGE ASSORTMENT OF SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS, Consisting of Amputating, Trepanning, Cupping, Midwifery, Tooth of different sorts, Crown and Common Lancets, and Surgical Pocket Instruments &c. &c.
HARDHAM'S SNUFF, No. 9. Also, by the ship Olive Branch, Capt. Le Breton from Bristol, A LARGE & EXTENSIVE ASSORTMENT OF GLASS & FURNITURE, For Apothecary's and Practitioner's Shops.
Those who favour us with their orders will be supplied on the most reasonable terms, and the articles of the best and freshest quality, as our importations are regularly twice a year, and laid in with cash, from the most respectable Druggists in London.
MEDICINE CHESTS made up as usual. Also, a few elegant Mahogany Chests of the newest construction, with furniture complete, PERRY'S ANTI-BILLIOUS PILLS. Frederick Heermann & Son. July 17. 2aw 12m. 1
ST. UBES SALT. For Sale on board the Swedish Ship Redliheten, Captain Fagerberg, A quantity of excellent St. Ubes Salt. Apply to Donaldson, Thorburn, & Co. Feb. 3. tf 468
ST. UBES SALT. The CARGO of the Swedish Ship Princess Wilhelmina, consisting of about 14,000 bushels St. Ubes SALT, of an excellent quality—For sale on liberal terms if taken afloat. Apply to Donaldson, Thorburn, & Co. Jan. 22. tf 456
THIRTY DOLLARS REWARD. RANAWAY on the 30th of last month, from the Subscriber, living in Alexandria, JOHN JOHNS, An apprentice to the Boot and Shoe-Making business; he is about 17 years of age, 5 feet 7 or 8 inches high, slender made, dark complexion, down look—had on when he went away a long black coat, coarse dark trousers, Bennet's cord waistcoat (reddish figure). He will probably call himself JOHN STONE, which name he assumed in consequence of having been raised by a person of that name. Whoever apprehends said apprentice, and secures him in any gaol and give information, so that we get him again, shall receive 25 dollars, or the above reward if brought home. Moses & Jacob Janney.
A DARING ROBBERY!!! One Hundred Dollars Reward. LAST EVENING, between the hours of 7 and 9 o'clock, and while the family were at Meeting, the house of the Subscriber was broken open, and his desk by means of a false key opened, out of which was taken a small black Morocco Pocket Book, containing 380 Dollars in Bank Notes, among which is a Post Note of the Bank of the United States for 100 dollars, remarkable for being endorsed where it is joined, and in the middle N. RAY, written in a very elegant hand; the number or date not remembered. There were likewise in the pocket book, a note of hand of captain William Miller's, for 219 dollars, and 19 cents, payable 30 days after date, teste, James Davis; also an order drawn by Geo. Butler on Robert Gibson for 20 dollars; three Tickets in the William and Mary College Lottery, Nos. 6283, 6286, 2336, endorsed on the back, Davis, Walker, and Yancey, together with various other papers of no use to any person but the subscriber. Likewise stolen from out of the desk, two Doubleloons and an English Guinea; one of the Doubleloons are the letters M. K. in cypher; also between 80 and 90 Dollars in Silver. The above reward will be paid to any person who can give such information that I may recover the whole of the notes and money, or in proportion to so much as may be recovered—And I will give Fifty Dollars to any person who will discover the Robber, so that he may be prosecuted to conviction. E. M. Walker. Portsmouth, Feb. 5. tf 491
NOTICE. All persons having claims against the Estate of ROBERT REINS, deceased, are requested to bring them forward properly attested, that provision may be made for payment. James Callis, Adm'r. Dec. 11. tf 340
FOR RENT, (And possession to be had immediately) A comfortable small TENEMENT, on Smith's Point, neatly fitted up; having two rooms below with two closets in each, and three rooms above, a new double storied Brick Kitchen, and other requisite out buildings. A spacious Garden and large front Yard are attached to this Tenement. P. Barraud. Jan. 29. tf 456
BANK NOTES LOST. A letter dated Williamsburg, 27th November, 1805, directed to Messrs. Tho's & Wm. M c Callish, merchants, Norfolk, containing Bank Notes to the amount of Two Hundred Dollars, as below described, and supposed to have been deposited in the Post-Office, has either been lost, mislaid, or taken a wrong direction.—It is hoped that any person who may have become possessed of the same, accidentally or otherwise, will forward it on to the subscribers, as payment of the Notes have been stopped at the respective Banks. D. No. 1124, United States Branch, Norfolk, Dec. 6, 1804, - - - - - 100 Dollars. B. No. 97, Virginia Branch, Fredericksburg, February 6, 1805, - - - - - 100 Dollars. Wm. M c Callish, & Co. Williamsburg, Dec. 9. tf 341
REMOVAL. JAMES TUCKER, Has removed to No. 1, Holt's Lane, near Main-Street, WHERE HE OFFERS FOR SALE, ON REASONABLE TERMS, HIS STOCK IN TRADE, CONSISTING OF A GENERAL ASSORTMENT OF HARDWARE, NAILS, &c. May 8. tf 659
TO RENT, (And immediate possession given,) A Convenient Dwelling House, near the Presbyterian Church, lately occupied by Thomas Newton, Esq. It is in a pleasant part of the town, has a large garden and necessary out-houses, and a good well of water. For terms apply to John Brown, Marsden's Wharf. November 13. tf 275
NOTICE. I request all persons having claims against the Estate of JOHN WADDEY, Sen. deceased, of Northampton County, Eastern Shore, Virginia, to bring them forward properly attested on or before the first day of June next, as I shall plead this notice in bar against all claims that may appear after that date. I. R. Wadley, Executor to the Will annexed. Northampton Court-Yard, Feb. 1. tf 490
EAGLE TAVERN. The Subscriber has taken that eligible stand in Market-square, and has to inform his friends and the publick in general, that he will spare no pains to make them as comfortable as possible while with him—he would be glad to take in Eight or Ten Gentel BOARDERS by the Year. Thomas Glenn. January 15. tf 433
Richmond Academy Lottery, NOW DRAWING, CONTAINING One Prize of Ten Thousand Dollars, Besides several other large Prizes. ** TICKETS for Sale by the EDITOR OF THIS PAPER. November 15. tf 279
LADIES FASHIONABLE SHOES. SEVERAL Trunks of Ladies plain and fashionable LACED KID SHOES, and Gentlemen's fashionable London made do. just received by the ship Planter, Captain Bouch, and for sale by Gilliat & Mackinder. September 9. tf 136
FOR SALE, A HOUSE and LOT, in the fields, adjoining Mr. Edward Guy's.—If not disposed of at private sale before the fourth day of March, it will on that day be Sold at Publick Auction on the premises. Terms made known by application to Joshua Guy, Church-Street. Feb. 5. tf 459
KENDAL COTTONS. The Subscribers have received per Ship Industry, captain Wright, from Liverpool, A few Bales low priced Kendal COTTONS, which they offer for Sale on liberal terms. Hunter & Gatewood. December 20. tf 363
At a Court held for Norfolk County, the 20th day of January, 1806. Thomas Davis and Thomas Dickson, merchants and partners, under the firm of Davis and Dickson, Piffs. Against Gilbert Robertson and James Brown, merchants and partners, under the firm of Robertson & Brown, and Robert Gibson, Defs. In Chancery. The Defendants Robertson and Brown, not having entered their appearance, and given security for performing the Decree to be made in this cause, and it appearing to the satisfaction of the Court that they are out of the country; On the motion of the Plaintiffs by their Counsel, it is ordered, that they the said Defendants, appear here on the third Monday in April next, and give security for performing the Decree aforesaid. And it is further ordered that the Defendant Gibson, who hath entered his appearance, do not pay, convey away, or secret such debts or effects, until the further order of this Court concerning the same. A Copy, Teste, William Wilson, jun. C. C. 63 Mon Ap. tf 472
FOR SALE, 250 bbls. Superfine FLOUR, Afloat. Apply to James Maurice & Co. January 6. tf 414
FOR SALE The Cargo of the Brig Paragon, Captain Aounley—Consisting of 157 Puncheons high proof JAMAICA RUM. 7 Hogsheads MOLASSES. Redmon & Frith. Who have removed to the second Fire-Proof Store, on Gibson's Wharf. November 13. tf 271
BRITISH CONSUL'S OFFICE Norfolk, Virg. Jan. 18, 1806. His Britannick Majesty's Consul to the State of Virginia, in consequence of instructions by him received from his government, takes this method of communicating to such officers on the British half-pay establishment, as are resident within his district, the following Notice from the Army Pay-Office, in London, in respect to the form of the Certificate required from British half-pay Officers, by whom it is highly essential that the regulations therein specified should be strictly complied with John Hamilton, Consul.
PAY-OFFICE, Horse-Guards, August 28, 1805. NOTICE is hereby given by direction of the right honourable the Pay-Master General of his majesty's forces, that the affidavits of Officers on half-pay and military allowances, who reside in the United States of America, commencing subsequently to the twenty-fourth day of December 1805, will not be passed at this office, unless the officer's place of residence, and also the county, district, or place for which the magistrate acts, before whom the said affidavit is made, (the competency of whom must be certified by the British Consul, if any shall be resident in the province or state, or by the governor, chief justice, or some other person in authority in the government thereof,) are therein specified, agreeable to the undermentioned form. D'd. Thomas, Accountant.
A. B. maketh oath, that he had not between the twenty-fourth day of _____ and the twenty-fifth day of _____ any other place, or employment of profit, civil or military, under his majesty besides his allowance of half-pay, (or his military allowance, as the case may be) as a reduced _____ in the Officer to sign his name here, together with his place of residence.
Sworn before me at _____ this _____ day of _____ in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and five. The Magistrate to sign his name here, and the county or place for which he acts.
N. B. Chaplains must insert in their affidavits the following words between the words "Majesty," and "besides," viz "or any Ecclesiastical Benefice in Great-Britain or Ireland." No alterations or interlineations of any sort will be allowed to be made in the above mentioned affidavit. January 20. tf 446
THIS DAY LANDING, From on board the Schooner Eagle, Captain Grant, from Bourdeaux, 160 Casks CLARET. 981 Cases assorted do. 66 do. do. White do. 80 Baskets SWEET OIL. 2 Trunks and 3 Cases Ladies' and Men's SHOES. 8 Cases Mens' and Children's Silk and Beaver HATS, assorted. DEMIJOHNS, ALMONDS, NUTS, &c. &c. For sale on liberal terms, by John & James Galwey, Commerce-Street Wharf.
WHO HAVE ON HAND, 75 Boxes White & Brown Havanna SUGAR. September 6. tf 128
NORFOLK HOTEL. The Subscriber informs his friends and the publick, that he has opened an HOTEL in that convenient house formerly the NAVY TAVERN No. 128 Main-Street, where he hopes by his attention, to give satisfaction to those who may favour him with their company. He will always keep the best liquors: and Private Parties will be furnished with Dinners, Suppers, or Relishes, at the shortest notice. BOARDERS accommodated by the week, month, or year Henry Benbridge. October 9. tf 170
Wanted to Purchase or Hire, A smart active Negro MAN, From 20 to 28 years of age. Apply at the Office of the Publick Ledger. Jan. 10. tf 479
CHEMISTRY MADE PLAIN. PROPOSALS, FOR PUBLISHING BY SUBSCRIPTION, A NEW WORK, ENTITLED, Plain Discourses on the Chemical Laws of Matter, Containing a General View of the Principles and Improvements of the Science of Chemistry. With a particular Detail of those Parts, which are common and connected with Domestic Affairs; ADDRESSED TO THE CITIZENS OF AMERICA. BY THOMAS EWELL, M.D. &c. OF VIRGINIA.
TO THE PROMOTERS OF USEFUL KNOWLEDGE, I HAVE ventured to present for your patronage, a new work.—It is a system of chemistry directed at such technical terms as retard the study, by those persons not desirous of entering into the useless refinements of the science; and it will convey particular descriptions of those processes that are for domestic purposes. The object of the work is to render the study of chemistry less difficult, more general and agreeable, as well as to lead to improvements in various Arts. Long has the greater part of mankind laboured under difficulties which might have been avoided by an acquaintance with the discoveries of philosophers. During the study of chemistry, we notice improvements unknown to the majority of the people; and in no one have these become more conspicuous than in the science of chemistry. Since the time of the wild conjectures of deluded men were banished from its interesting to all of common understanding. The science is now characterised by a simplicity, hostile only to the pride of the pedantic scholar. Its extensive scenes are open, and with the powerful attraction invite the entrance of the intelligent in the pursuit of pleasure, of information, or of most of the arts. Adventure is desired, that the wonderful beauty and wisdom displayed in the operations of nature may be contemplated with rapture, in parts neglected by the vulgar as a "dreary void."
To those in the pursuit of pleasure, the study of chemistry affords the greatest delight. The conversion of solids into volumes of vivifying airs, and of airs and other fluids into solids, are processes which although inferior to many in chemistry, give unusual satisfaction. To know the composition of the substances surrounding us, with their connection and relation to each other, and to understand many of the acts of chemists, will assist in the mind an agreeable action, while it increases its capacity to make improvements. And such are the fascinating powers attached to the pursuit of this knowledge, that France is fast becoming a nation of chemists, in consequence of the general study of the science by the laity as well as gentlemen.
The respectable Cultivators of land will be much benefitted by an acquaintance with chemistry. It will teach them the properties of the soil they cultivate, the art of making manures, and the kinds of vegetables as well as Horses best adapted for their respective farms. An idea of this may be formed from the famous fact, that by a judicious management of the grave yards at Paris, such quantities of salt-peter were procured for the powder manufactures as to enable the French government to prosecute their war!
To be able to detect the presence, and discriminate between the noxious and innocent metals, as well as to make most useful combinations of them; to ascertain the constituents of medicinal springs; to detect the adulterations of Wines and other drinks; and to correct corrupted airs, must be of consequence to most individuals.
The burning of bodies—The Arts of making Gunpowder and Salt-petre—common Salt—and all other Salts—Of Tanning Leather—Of purifying and preserving animal and vegetable Matter—Of Dying and Painting—Of making Glass and Earthen Ware—Of Brewing—Distilling, &c. &c. depend on Chemistry.
No doubt most of them would be improved by a further cultivation of the science, which, from its simplicity, could be done in but a small part of the time often mispent by the artists. This will appear less doubtful, by the following extracts from a letter I received from the President, Mr. Jefferson—and from one received from Judge Washington of Mount-Vernon.
"MONTICELLO, August 1805. "Of the importance of turning a knowledge of chemistry to household purposes, I have been long satisfied. The common herd of philosophers seem to write only for one another. The chemists have filled volumes on the composition of a thousand substances of no sort of importance to the purposes of life; while the arts of making bread, butter, cheese, vinegar, soap, beer, cyder, &c. remain totally unexplained. Chaptal has lately given the chemistry of wine making; the late Dr. Pennington did the same as to bread, and promised to pursue the line of rendering his knowledge useful to common life; but death deprived us of his labours. Good treatises on these subjects should receive general approbation. "Accept of my salutations, "and assurances of respect. "TIL: JEFFERSON."
"MOUNT-VERNON, 13th September 1805. "I have long thought that a work upon the plan you suggest, was much wanted by those who form the great bulk of readers on chemical subjects. I have not met with a single treatise which has not appeared unnecessarily obscured by technical terms, which only scholars can understand. They have been more generally addressed to the comprehension of professional men, than to those of the humbler walks of life; for whose use this science might be made most essentially to contribute, by adapting it to their capacities, and by pointing out the way by which its principles may be applied to the more common arts, in which they are daily employed. You will think, do great good to society and . . . by executing such a work as you propose. My best wishes will accompany you in your labours, and I shall be happy to aid them as far as I can. "BUSH. WASHINGTON."
But, fellow citizens, for you to know the Beauty, the Connection, the Importance of the Science which I wish to communicate to you, it is necessary that you know the Science itself. To relate in the most intelligible terms the discoveries of chemical philosophers will not be the extent of my labours. I shall offer a new view of the art of ascertaining the fertility of lands, and of the formation of vegetable juices, which has been approved of by some distinguished characters. I shall also relate some original experiments, a part of which establish a hitherto disputed doctrine concerning heat, and throw light on the art of enriching impoverished land. You will now determine by your subscription, whether the desire of one to disseminate knowledge highly useful and interesting to most of mankind shall be gratified—whether the proposed publication shall appear. T. EWELL.
TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION. As soon as a sufficient number of subscribers are obtained, the work shall be put to the press. It will be comprised in about 300 pages, Octavo, and be printed on good paper with suitable type. A general Index will be annexed to the work—with proper drawings of the apparatus commonly used by chemists. The work shall be delivered in boards to Subscribers at Three Dollars, per copy. ** Subscriptions for the above work, received by the Editor of this Paper. 242
BRITISH CONSUL'S OFFICE, Norfolk, Virginia, August 31, 1805. His Britannick Majesty's Consul to the State of Virginia, in consequence of instructions by him received from his government, hereby gives notice, to the merchants concerned in the trade to His Majesty's Dominions, that according to the terms of the Act of the 37th of the King C. 97, no British built vessel captured by His Majesty's enemies, afterwards purchased by citizens of the United States, and sailing under a Sea Letter can be admitted to entry under the said Act, as an American vessel. 114 John Hamilton.
NORFOLK: PUBLISHED THREE TIMES A-WEEK, BY WILLIAM DAVIS, FOR THE PROPRIETOR, OPPOSITE THE EXCHANGE COFFEE HOUSE. Price Five Dollars and Fifty Cents yearly, in advance.