Norfolk gazette and publick ledger (Norfolk [Va.]), 1808-03-14 00:00:00

From a London Paper.—Jan. 1.
POLITICAL RETROSPECT OF 1807.
The year opened with circumstances awful, but not inauspicious to the independence of nations, and the rights and liberties of mankind. The battles fought in the depth of winter, and before the regular commencement of the campaign, in Prussia and Prussian Poland, were of bloody, but indecisive nature. The French met in the contest an opposition firm and unyielding beyond any thing they had before experienced. The career of their conquests appeared to have reached a barrier which it could neither pass nor overthrow; and it was to be hoped, that at length the destructive tide of revolutionary warfare would recoil on its authors, and give to the world some reparation for the crimes they had committed, by sweeping them from the face of the earth. The magnitude of the exigency seemed to be felt equally on both sides; but it was found in the event, that the exertions made by the destroyers, and the powers they brought into action, were superior to those of their opponents. By what cause, or what combination of causes, this inequality was produced, it is not easy to decide. Buonaparte, who knew that a reverse would overthrow the rapidly erected edifice of his power, omitted no means of deriving additional strength from every possible quarter. Whilst he swept France by anticipated conscriptions; whilst he drained the states of the Rhine confederated under his protection; whilst he hastened to bring up as an allied force, the newly conquered troops of Saxony, Spain also was stripped of its army; and, with what ultimate views we shall probably be soon able to decide, the electorate of Hanover was garrisoned with the soldiers of a Bourbon prince. The Russian levies advanced but slowly, and when they arrived, the numbers were not so considerable as the occasion requested. Whether it was, that the population of the Russian empire being spread over a vast extent of soil, was incapable of furnishing its supplies with the necessary promptitude, or that the operations on the side of Turkey were too great a drawback from the means of acting with effect in Poland and Prussia; or that the almost destruction of the Prussian army, and the want of efficient co-operation on the part of Britain, rendered Russia inadequate to contend alone with France, aided by so many powerful allies, it is difficult to determine. Probably every one of these causes contributed, more or less, to the disasters experienced by the Russian arms, and the disgraceful treaty of Tilsit was the consequence of the combined operation of all.
Unhappily for Britain, the failure of the stipulated and expected aid she was to have given, is on record. The criminal omission of the late ministers, on this head, excited in the mind of the emperor of Russia, a diffidence as to the liberality of our views, and a disgust at the apparent selfishness of our conduct. If there had been no engagements to furnish specific aid, this accusation would stand justified on the grounds of general policy: but bound as we were, by specific and understood engagements, the charge of illiberal and selfish policy is unhappily supported and substantiated by a direct and undeniable breach of good faith; and this foul stain was, for the first time, fixed on the character of the British nation, at a period when the vast powers of the British empire was left, sunk in a state of disgraceful torpor at home, or were wasted abroad in ill-contrived and unfortunate expeditions. Constantinople, Egypt, and South America, are instances of the activity of the late ministers, scarcely less shameful than the proofs the north of Europe furnishes of their inactivity. Whether they excited themselves or remained quiet, the consequences were equally dishonourable and detrimental to the country. We began to find, that we had been duped by these men of mighty promise and pitiful performance. A change began to be wished for in all parts of the empire, and it was feared, that if that change should take place very soon, the existing administration would have accumulated upon us a weight of calamity from which it would be impossible to deliver us.
In this state of things Great Britain and the continent stood, when the change of administration, so much wished for, was effected by the late ministers themselves. The circumstances of the change are fresh in the memory of every one. As the question upon which the dissolution took place, might tend to revive dissensions and animosities in the public mind which are now happily composed, we wish not to enter into the merits of it.—The conscientious resistance of the sovereign to the measure which it was attempted to force upon him, has received the universal and unequivocal approbation of the country; and the country has been well compensated by the services of the men who were called to fill the vacancies created in his majesty's councils by the dismissal of the late ministers. The
mischiefs that has been produced on the continent by the misconduct of the late ministers, had indeed proceeded too far to admit of a remedy so immediate as to prevent the destruction of the late alliance between Great Britain, Russia, and Prussia. The battle of Eylau had been, according to the accurate and elegant expression of a distinguished British officer, lost by the Russians without being gained by the French. The battle of Friedland was less equivocal: and the previous event of the fall of Dantzig, without hazarding a battle to relieve it, gave reason to conclude, that, notwithstanding all the bravery of the Russian soldiers, the Russian generals did not consider their army capable of effectually meeting the French in the field. After the battle of Friedland the Russians retreated, always fighting, to the banks of the Niemen; where, tho' adequate reinforcements were at hand, the emperor of Russia was induced to compromise his own glory and the dignity of his empire, by concluding the disgraceful treaty of Tilsit; in which he abandoned the cause of nations, to league himself with the violator of all national rights, and, to prove himself a worthy associate of that universal robber, consented to become the plunderer of his ally and brother of Prussia.
The treaty of Tilsit, like all other treaties dictated by Buonaparte to those he has subdued or intimidated, has its secret articles. But the nature and object of these secret articles are sufficiently proved by the publick articles; by the decrees of the Russian government against the British commerce; and by the late declaration of the emperor of Russia himself, Britain was to be compelled to make a peace destructive of her naval greatness, and calculated to promote the maritime ambition of France. This secret and real object was covered, but not concealed, by the mockery of an offer to mediate peace between Great Britain and France, conceived in such insolent and intolerable terms, that it could not possibly have been intended to produce any conciliatory effect. The dignified moderation with which our government received the offer; the just and reasonable demands of explanation by which its hollow and delusive nature were detected and the subsequent alliance of the emperor of Russia with Buonaparte, are too recent and too well impressed on every mind, by the late admirable state paper published in the name of our gracious sovereign, to render it necessary to comment on them here. The foul conspiracy that was conceived and formed against us at the moment of framing the articles of the treaty of Tilsit, was very early discovered by our government. The prudence and necessity of obtaining possession of the Danish fleet, and of the immense collection of naval stores in the arsenals of Copenhagen, were immediately felt, and acted upon, with a vigour, promptitude, and energy, which proved that the British empire now possesses a government capable of penetrating any conspiracy, however dark and deep, and powers capable of disarming and dissipating any combination, however formidable. The nations deserted by Britain, in the drowsy administration of the late cabinet, thought to indemnify themselves by plundering us in what they conceived to be a confirmed & permanent lethargy. But the power and wisdom of Britain have roused themselves with a vigour which at once astonished, defeated, and dismayed the guilty conspirators. The nations of the continent, corrupted, betrayed, and intimidated, have become the assassins of their own rights, their honour, and their independence, in leagueing themselves with France against Britain. But the foul combination serves only to place the character, the power, and the glory of Britain, in a prouder and more conspicuous light. We fight single handed against France, and the deluded and subjugated nations in her train. We fight for the rights of nations against those nations themselves, and when we shall have conquered in this glorious cause, we shall establish a new claim to the gratitude and admiration of the world, by evincing with the characteristic generosity of Britain, that we have conquered for them as for ourselves.
The character of the war has greatly changed since the treaty of Tilsit. Buonaparte following up his mistaken idea, that the resources of Britain depend wholly on her commerce, has induced the enslaved powers of the continent exclude British ships from their harbours, and to confiscate British property. Our gracious sovereign has replied, by placing the whole of the countries under the controul of the enemy in a state of blockade. Buonaparte will allow them to take no supplies from us! We will allow them to have none but from us! Thus the war has become a war of wants, unsupplied and stagnant superfluities. The country that can best endure this double distress, must in the end prevail. We are proud to say, that in this trial, as well as in every other, we feel ourselves fully competent to cope with, and to outdo our enemies. However essential to this country, commerce, and
the free emission of our manufactures and colonial produce may be supposed to be, it is already fully proved that our national strength & resources can bear without detriment, the suspension of that part of their nutriment which is derived from this channel. While the presence of a Buonaparte and the terror of all Napoleon's, cannot still the cries of the distressed Hollanders; and while king Louis himself is obliged to admit that a peace with England is the only remedy for their intolerable afflictions, not the slightest complaint is heard in Britain; every class of the people, confident in the strength of the empire, and relying on the wisdom and energy of the government, is prepared to endure without flinching, privations and difficulties seen at present only in distant prospect, and far from beginning to be felt; we are prepared to prove, that we can not only exist, but that we can conquer without commerce, at least without such commerce as our enemy and the enslaved nations of the continent can take from us.
But while the enemy has united the slaves of the continent, to carry into effect his schemes for the destruction of our commerce, his own overweening tyranny, and the generous exertions of Britain in cherishing and strengthening the germs of independence in the mind of the prince of Brazil, have opened for us a new market on the continent of South America, the abundant demands of which will be more than equal to all he has or can exclude us from. We have so lately expatiated on the emigration of the illustrious house of Braganza, and the sublime consequences of the new empire about to be established on the coast of Brazil, that we shall at present add nothing further, to impress our known sentiments of exclusion and confidence in the beneficial tendency of an event so auspicious to Britain, and to the world.
The commercial disputes with America remain unsettled. We fear the extravagant pretensions of the American government render the adjustment matter of great difficulty. But all men of judgment in America see too clearly the destructive consequences of a war with Britain to their infant wealth and power, to allow the states to be so far misled by the obstinate blindness and corruption of their governor, and the vapourings of a pack of silly declaimers. The affair of the Chesapeake was unfortunate. But the Americans fly off from those circumstances connected with that transaction, which it was most material to impartial justice and the rights of independent nations to enquire into. They attend only to circumstances calculated to excite a clamour in the American populace; and by means of this clamour they hope to delude or intimidate us into a concession of our maritime rights. But they will find, we trust, that our government is neither to be cajoled nor intimidated. We shall be sorry if their obstinacy require it to be corrected by force. We trust they will act right, without driving us to that painful alternative; but no power upon earth will be permitted to trifle with the honour and interest of Britain.
Designs of the enemy against India.
Whether it be true or not, that general Oudinot has arrived at Astrakan, in his way to India, it is true, probably, that designs of this kind are entertained by Buonaparte. Indeed, it was with a view of furthering them that he sent a great number of young men to Persia, in the course of last year, at the time when the ambassador from Persia returned home from Paris.
These youths are, in the different parts of Asia, to be instructed in the languages of its various inhabitants, that they may become masters of their prejudices, and thus, a la Francois, pave the way for the great events which they hope may follow.
How many thousand lives may be sacrificed in this new career of ambition! And yet, under arrangements inauspicious to England, what luck attends these bloody schemes! About the same time was virtually abolished, that college at Calcutta which the circumspection of lord Wellesley had perceived to be necessary in India: an institution, in its actual effects, whilst it lasted, infinitely superior to any thing the French could hope for, from any institution for the education of their own youths.
To the college at Calcutta all the young men were brought from the different settlements in India; there in unlimited competition, their talents were watched; their immediate employment as ambassadors, and other officers was strictly cording to the natural turn of their minds, aided by study. What an unprecedented stimulus to progress in their studies! That progress actually exceeded even expectation; boys in the lowest class were more skilled in the Persian, Arabic, Sanscrit, Hindoostanee, Bengalee, and Mahratta languages, than many had been twenty years in the country. In all these languages, publick debate were held in the presence of strangers from all parts of Asia, who wonder-
ed, every man to hear, in his own tongue, important subjects discussed. A great number of works were also printed in the country languages, by the college.
For the college at Calcutta is now substituted some sort of seminary at home! So that, whilst Buonaparte educates in Asia, he is to be met by education in Hertfordshire! Many of the languages cannot be correctly acquired even at Madras or Bombay, but only at Calcutta; that the great European-taught Asiatic Linguist, Sir William Jones, was quite unintelligible to the natives when he arrived in India.
All facilities to the enemy would be precluded, if hundreds of men, skilled to talk all languages, and learned in all the customs and prejudices of the natives, were dispersed throughout Asia, to tell them that—a more terrible man than Alexander was coming.
NOTICE.
We the Subscribers forewarn all persons from crediting any of the crews of the Bremen Ship Patriot Groning and Bremen, without an order in writing from us.
Matthias Probst, Master of the Bremen Ship Patriot Groning.  John Conrad Dorman, Master of the Bremen Ship Bremen.
March 9.
FOR SALE,
10 hhds. and 185 barrels Martinico GREEN COFFEE, of very superior quality.
JAMES YOUNG.
March 7.
THE SUBSCRIBERS
Offer for Sale at their Store on Campbell's wharf, the following Articles, low for cash or approved Notes at 60 and 90 days,
 10 hhds. choice old Antigua RUM,  20 do. 3d proof Rum; 4 pipes old Port Wine,  2 pipes old Cognac Brandy; 2 do. choice Hollands Gin,  4 do. New-York Anchor Gin; 5 qr. casks Sherry Wine,  10 barrels Apple Brandy; 10 hhds. second quality Sugar,  3 hogsheads Leaf Sugar; 10 barrels Pennington's do.  10,000 lbs. prime Green Coffee,  20 hhds. choice retailing Molasses; 4 ton assorted Bar Iron,  20 kegs F and FF Gun Powder; 2 ton Shot assorted,  100 boxes choice mould Candles,  30 do. Philadelphia made Soap; 10 do. English Mustard,  25 do. choice Figs; 4 do. half pint Tumblers,  20 barrels Whiskey; Alexandria and Richmond fine and superfine Flour—and a general assortment of 
Ship Chandlery, Cordage, &c.  Bowden & Milnads.
March 4.
All those having claims against the Estate of JAMES VOGEL, deceased, are requested to render their accounts properly attested; and those indebted are desired to make immediate payment.
Francis Teterel, Adm'r.
Williamsburg, March 4.
FOR SALE,
A Tract of LAND lying on Pagan Creek, in the County of Isle of Wight, two miles above Smithfield by water, the whole about 1000 acres—it is so situated that it may conveniently be sold in different parcels; about 450 acres of it is bounded for near two miles by Pagan Creek, with a valuable marsh, and three convenient landings accessible to any vessel that can go to Smithfield; this piece lying between Pagan Creek and a large branch thereof, may be inclosed to itself by a fence of about half a mile; separated from this tract by the branch above mentioned is about 100 acres, part of which is well timbered, with a good landing for vessels. It is unnecessary to describe all the advantages and conveniences of this Land, as it is presumed no person will purchase without viewing it. It may be seen, by applying to Mr. George Braswell, living on the premises, and the terms made known by Thomas Pierce, Esq. of Smithfield.
Another Tract containing 711 acres, in Isle of Wight County; this Land lays very level and the soil well adapted to corn; but as it is entirely Wood Land, and within 10 or 12 miles of market, the advantages must be obvious—the Land may be seen by applying to Mr. John Eley, adjoining it, and the terms made known by application to the subscriber at South Quay.
Also, a Tract containing 537 acres within two miles of South Quay, in Nansemond County; this Tract is good Corn Land, and well adapted for raising stock; with it may be had one half of a Saw and Grist Mill now in operation, about a mile from it, which will render the timber valuable, as there is a ready market for all that can be sawed. For terms, &c. apply to the Subscriber. For the greater part of the above property young Negroes will be taken at a generous price.
John Dorlon. South Quay, February 24, 1808. lawdw
FOR SALE,
75 tierces prime green Jam. Coffee, And a few puncheons 5 and 6 years old Antigua Rum; Loaf and Brown Sugar in hogsheads and barrels: a few sets Table China; fine and superfine Flour, &c.
Harrison Allmand.
January 4.
At the Old CUT-NAIL Manufactory, corner of Main and Church-streets, the subscriber keeps on hand constant supply, and can furnish at short notice, any quantity of
Nails, Flooring Brads and Sprigs,
At the following reduced prices, by the Keg—for cash only, viz.—
  8, 10, 12, and 20d Nails and Brads at 7 1-2d lb.   6d. Nails, 9 1-2d   4d. do. do. 2s. 9d. m. or 11d   3d. do. do. 2s. 3d. or 12d   Sheathing, do. 7 1-2d   6d. Sprigs, 4s 6d per M.   4d. do. 2s 9d   8d. and 3d. do. 2s 3d 
He offers also for cash only—  HOOP IRON ASSORTED. Thos. Seaman.

A meeting of the citizens of this place was called by the Mayor on Saturday last, to take into consideration measures for the relief of the distressed seamen now in this place. A number of citizens attended, but the meeting was not considered as sufficiently numerous to proceed to business; and another we understand will be called. Every person is satisfied of the necessity, and all are willing to adopt some measure for the temporary relief of these unfortunate men, but all are sensible that it is impossible for the inhabitants of this place to make provision for their permanent support. The measure which appeared to us to be the one which had the most advocates, was that which we believe will be adopted. It is proposed to raise a fund for their immediate support, to charter a vessel, and having furnished her with provisions, to send all the seamen who are without employment to Washington, where they can apply for support to those who have the means of affording relief, or of giving them employment.
While the distressed citizens of Norfolk were occupied in devising means for the relief of the seamen already out of employ, it was with grief that they understood that upwards of one hundred and seventy men, discharged from the gun-boats on Saturday are to be added to the number of the unfortunate, for whom some provision must be made.
We were never more astonished, than when we understood that the government had ordered these men to be discharged at a time when it must have been known that they would be left without the means of subsistence—To enlarge upon the cruelty of such a measure, would be to insult every feeling and generous heart—But we must remark, that this measure proceeds from men, who if you would believe them, are ready to expend the last dollar, and to shed the last drop of blood in support of their "injured seafaring fellow-citizens." And yet they can very philosophically deprive their dear fellow-citizens of the means of subsistence, and leave them to perish or depend on the bounty of a community already bowed down by their own sufferings. In a political view this measure is not less absurd than it is cruel in a moral sense. With the recollection of this transaction, can a country governed by men with such feelings, expect defenders in the hour of danger, and difficulty? the remembrance must chill the warmth of patriotism, and damp the ardour of courage.
On Saturday evening a British fleet of 5 sail of the line and a frigate, anchored off our Capes, consisting of the
  Royal George of 100 guns.   Neptune 98   Temeraire 98   Dragon 80   Tonnant 80   Eurydice 32 
Under the command of Sir John Thomas Duckworth. This fleet sailed from England on the 17th of January. His Britannic Majesty's Consul communicated to the Editor of this paper the following circumstances: That this fleet sailed in pursuit of the Rochfort squadron, which had escaped from that port composed of the following ships—
  Majestic 120 guns.   Lys 74   Ajax 80   Suffrein 74   Magnanime 74   Jenappe 74   Flora 24   Servillient brig. 
Admiral Duckworth steered first for Madeira, near which island he spoke the British frigate Comus , capt. Piercy, who informed him that he had been chased a few days before by a French line of battle ship and frigate, and had nearly been captured. Admiral D. then proceeded to the West Indies, from whence he came to our Capes. The Consul further informed us that Sir John Duckworth has forwarded to him a dispatch for Mr. Rose, at Washington, in which he states (we understand from the consul) that the appearance of his fleet so unexpectedly at this juncture, may excite some sensation in the American government, and requests that Mr. Rose would immediately communicate to our government the cause of his coming upon this coast.
These are all the particulars which we are informed of from an authentic source. Report says, and as proceeding from a British officer that there are 3000 troops on board this fleet. Col. Hamilton was asked if there were any troops on board, he replied not to his knowledge. The number however far exceeds what could be carried in that number of ships.
The unexpected appearance of this fleet, must prove to every person the facility with which we can be assailed by an European power, who has the command of the seas: with such a power we have had reason to expect a war for nearly nine months, and yet the country is in no better state of defence than it was nine months ago.
The British ships were yesterday anchored to the southward of the capes.
The Rochfort fleet may probably pay a visit to the Brazils, where they might have effected some-
thing if the British admiral had not sent four sail of the line with the Portuguese fleet.
Captain Skemering, of the sloop Rover , in three days from New-York, passed the Capes at sun-set last evening, saw none of the British fleet except one, which had been close in, but tacked and stood out to sea.
Accounts relative to the negotiations at Washington are so numerous and contradictory, that we believe silence upon the subject is best, where every thing is rumour and conjecture.
The DUKE OF MANCHESTER, the new governor of Jamaica, arrived at that island on the 12th of the last month.
Accounts from Washington as late as Friday state that Mr. Gardiner is rapidly on the recovery. He was able to walk about his chamber.
A NANCEMOND TARBUENER, shall have a place in our next.
MARRIED—Last evening by the Rev. Mr. Davis. Mr. WILLIAM A. ARNSTEAD, to Miss HANNAH NEWTON, daughter of the late Col. Thomas Newton, all of this place.
POLITICAL REFLECTIONS.
No. V.
ADDRESSED TO THE PEOPLE OF THE UNITED STATES.
But the conduct of France, relative to the negotiation for peace, would be alone satisfactory and conclusive proof of the nature of her views towards our country, were all other evidences wanting. Apprehensive, that upon the restoration of peace (in case we should obtain what reason and right fairly entitled us to) we should decline to claim her support, and learn to think and act for ourselves, endeavours were used in due time, and but too successfully, to place our ministers during that negotiation completely under the superintendence and controul of the ministers of France. The following singular instructions, we are assured, were issued by congress to the ministers of the United States on that occasion.
"You are at liberty to secure the interest of the United States, in such manner as circumstances may direct, and as the state of the belligerent, and the disposition of the mediating powers may require. For this purpose you are to make the most candid and confidential communications, upon all subjects, to the ministers of our most gracious ally, the king of France—to undertake nothing in the course of the negotiations for peace or truce, without their knowledge and concurrence—and ultimately to govern yourselves by their advice and opinion, endeavouring in your whole conduct to make them sensible how much we rely upon his majesty's influence for effectual support in every thing, that may be necessary to the present security and future prosperity of the United States of America."
In what light these instructions, so little comporting with the dignity of an independent nation, ought to have been viewed, or to what mischiefs they exposed the most important interests of our country, cannot be more correctly or temperately stated, than in the following letter, written at that period by one of the ministers*, to whom those instructions were directed, and who by his wisdom and firmness rendered to his country, notwithstanding the embarrassment of those instructions, services of incalculable value. The letter bears date at Paris, November 18, 1782, and is conceived in the following terms.
"The instructions from Congress, which direct us to pay so strict an attention to the French ministry, and to follow their advice, are conceived in terms so universal and unlimited, as to give a great deal of anxiety to my mind. There is no man more impressed with the obligation of obedience to instructions; but in ordinary cases, the principal is so near the deputy, as to be able to attend to the whole progress of the business, and to be informed of every new fact, and every sudden thought. Ambassadors in Europe can send expressions to their courts, and give and receive intelligence from them with the utmost certainty. In such cases there is no room for mistakes, misunderstanding, or surprise. But in our case it is very different. We are at an immense distance: dispatches are liable to foul play, and vessels are subject to accident: new scenes open—the time presses—various nations are in suspense—and necessity forces us to act."
"What can we do, if a French minister advises us to cede to Spain the whole river Mississippi, and five hundred miles of territory to the eastward of it? Are we bound by our instructions to put our signature to the cession; when the English themselves are willing we should extend to the river, and enjoy our right to its navigation?"
"If we should be counselled to relinquish our right to the fishery on the grand bank of Newfoundland, when the British ministry are ready by treaty to acknowledge our right to it—are we obliged to relinquish it?"
"If we are advised to restore and compensate the Tories—are we to comply?"
"If we know, or have reason to believe, that things which will have weight upon the minds of the British ministry against us upon some points,
* Mr. Jay.
will be communicated to them in some way or other, secret or open; if we communicate them to this court—are we bound to do it?"
"I cannot think, that a construction, so literal and severe, was ever intended to be put upon them; and therefore I see no way of doing my duty to congress, but to interpret the instructions, as we do general precepts and maxims, by such restrictions and limitations as reason, necessity, and the nature of things demand. It may be sometimes known to a deputy, that an instruction from his principal was given upon false information. What is he to do?—When he knows, that if the truth had been known, his principal would have given a direct contrary advice—Is he to follow that which issued from mistake?—When he knows, or has only good ground to believe, that if his principal was upon the spot, and fully informed of the present state of facts, he would give contrary directions—Is he bound by such as were given before?"
"It cannot be denied, but that instructions are binding—that it is a duty to obey them—and that a departure from them cannot be justified. But it cannot be denied, I think, on the other hand, that in our peculiar situation cases may happen, in which it may become our duty to depend upon being excused, or if you will, pardoned, for presuming that if congress were upon the spot, they would judge as we do."
"I presume not to dictate; but I may venture to give my opinions, (as I do freely, and with much real concern for the publick) that it would be much better, if every instruction in being were totally repealed, which enjoins upon an American minister to follow the advice, or even to communicate with any French or other minister in Europe: it is an inextricable embarrassment every where. Advice would not be more seldom asked, nor communication less frequent: it would be more freely given. A communication of information, or a request of counsel, would then be received as a compliment, and a mark of respect: it is now considered as a duty and a right. Your ministers would have more weight, and be more respected through the world."
"Congress cannot do too much to give weight to their ministers; for they may depend upon it, great and unjustifiable means are used to prevent them from acquiring reputation, and even to prevent an idea taking root, that any thing has been, or can be done by them. And there is nothing that humbles and depresses,—nothing that shackles and confines—in short, nothing that renders totally useless your ministers in Europe, so much as these positive instructions to consult and communicate with French ministers on all occasions, and to follow their advice. And I really think it would be better to constitute the Count de Vergennes our sole minister, and give him full powers to treat, and make peace, with all Europe, than to continue any of us under the instructions in being, if they are to be understood in the unlimited sense, which some persons contend for."
"I hope nothing indecent has escaped me on this occasion. If any expressions appear too strong, the great importance of the subject, and the deep impression it has made on my mind and heart, must be my apology."
The inconveniencies suggested in this letter, as likely to result from an adherence to the terms of the preceding instructions, were by no means hypothetical: they rested on real facts, which occurred in the course of the negotiation, as will be seen in our next and last number.
[Our readers have perused the speech of Mr. Gardiner , for which the freedom of legislative discussion has been violated, and his life jeopardized. The sentiments contained in the following letter from a republican member of the state of Kentucky will shew that what flowed from Mr. Gardiner in the heat and ardour of debate, has been written with deliberate reflection by Mr. Rowan .]
Washington City, Dec. 23, 1807.
DEAR SIR,
"That the instruction of our minister at London were considered too narrow and restricted to be met by the cabinet of England; that negotiations, of course terminated ineffectually at that place; and that a minister extraordinary was appointed and dispatched to recommence negotiation on the subject of our grievances at this place—I suppose you have heard. That minister has not yet arrived, although he left England before Mr. Monroe, who has arrived at this place. Thus stood things, when the president, on Friday last, by a confidential message, informed this house that France had enforced and was persisting to enforce the decree of November 21st, 1806, and advised an embargo. The house went immediately into conclave, and continued so until yesterday, when they passed a law imposing an embargo. The passage of this law gave rise to much eloquent and animated debate, and considerable diversity of sentiment. The vote was forty-four to eighty-two. In the minority was your humble servant. The minority were not less impatient than the majority of British aggressions; BUT THEY ARE UNWILLING THAT NAPOLEON SHOULD DICTATE TO THEM. He has determined that we shall not be neutral. He is not yet, thank God, Emperor of America. Besides, as the immediate effect of the embargo is to be felt by Britain, they feared that all possible adjustment between England and this country might be thereby defeated; and they wished that whatever measures events might make it necessary to take against England, might be AMERICAN, and not Gallic or Napoleonick, in vindication of the rights of America, and not in PROMOTION OF THE POWER AND AMBITION OF THE FRENCH EMPEROR."
The Negotiation!—Our readers are no doubt extremely anxious to learn the issue of the frequent conferences of Messrs. Madison, Rose and Erskine. Every friend of his country must certainly have his hopes and fears about this interesting and protracted attempt at an amicable adjustment of all our differences with Great Britain. We have long thought, and still think, that our present rulers have not yet eradicated their prejudices in favor of France, that "undoing nation"—that nation which we heartily believe aims at the conquest of the world. Nor are we without a multitude of most cogent reasons for entertaining this belief; and among the rest we recognize Mr. Jefferson's early and endearing acquaintance with the French nation—his fanciful and romantic opinions about their gallantry, perfectibility and love of liberty.
In such a tempestuous season as this, however, Mr. Jefferson should and must exercise all his impartiality, all his thoughtfulness, all his firmness, and all his patriotism. Guided by a liberal policy, he should set to the great work of bringing the business of negotiation to a final issue, ere his constituents call upon him for information in the language of despair and indignation.
The time has at length arrived when the policy of our government must either give new energy to commerce and motion to her thousand wheels, or order to our officers to beat to quarters and prepare for marches and sieges and battles. The time we fear is near at hand when even the Americans will be found amongst those who are pelted at poor old England, now fighting the cause of liberty against a host of tyrants. We are told that Mr. Madison has taken exception to the proclamation of the king of England, recollecting all British born subjects to his dominions, who are seamen. For such an order the American nation never will go to war, because the American nation will maintain that this proclamation was just and necessary. Amongst the "delusive plausibilities" of our democrats, we recognize the principle that a man has a right to leave his country whenever he pleases for other climates, where he will not be compelled to encounter so many dangers, or endure quite so many labors! But experience, which they despise, too often as "the wisdom of unlettered men," will convince them of the utter impracticability of this doctrine. The rights of men cannot be settled upon abstract principles. Were this principle admitted in Europe at this time, myriads of men would be skulking from country to country, and the civilized world would become a moving camp! Are the British ministry bound to call in those men whose assistance would be advantageously operative in a kingdom now menaced and endangered—to a kingdom that is straining every nerve and stretching every muscle to fight down gigantic France. Ought not the British ministry to call for the assistance of those men who were born in that country, and who were in its bosom nursed into manliness and strength?
In a word, we hope most sincerely, that we shall not be forced into a war with a country that stands between us and subjugation, that we shall never either directly or indirectly, aid or assist the tyrant who now reposes on the "down of usurped pomp" to wield the destines of the world.— Wash. Fed.
The emperor Napoleon has decreed, that there shall be no communication between the "Continent and Sweden, and that all letters destined for Sweden shall be seized." N. York Paper.
More "Freedom of the seas." The following cases are taken from the Journal du Commerce , printed at Paris:
December 28.
The privateer le Jena , of Dunkirk, arrived at Amsterdam the 12th inst. with her prize, the American brig Rising Sun , bound to England, laden with coffee, sugar, tobacco, &c.
January 4.
The American ship Brothers, Fish , from Virginia to London, laden with tobacco, carried into Calais the 28th Dec. by the lugger Revenge .
January 5.
Carried into Calais the ship Hyades , of Saco (Maine) bound from Charleston to Cowes, laden with rice, &c. prize to the Savage privateer, who also had taken an American ship from Philadelphia to Amsterdam, who had touched at the isle of Wight. This last is sent to Dunkirk.
Extract of a letter from a respectable gentleman in Kingston, (Jamaica) to the editor of the Philadelphian True American , dated February 5.
"I wrote to you about three weeks ago, mentioning the rise of flour and other American produce, in consequence of the embargo. They have continued to rise in price, but not so rapidly as was expected, owing to the arrival of one or two vessels from the United States, which have evaded the vigilance of the government; and I observe that the papers of this morning mention a vessel having arrived at Curacoa from the United States which sailed as late as the 15th ult. bringing intelligence of the American government having declared war against France, and that the embargo was to be taken off in March. This vessel is said to be freighted with 1100 barrels of flour, but as a good price cannot be procured at Curacoa, in consequence of there being 9000 barrels there before she arrived. She is coming to this place. If the intelligence stated to have been brought by this be true, [which I very much doubt] it will produce a fall in the market here for American produce, that will prove the strength of some of the mercantile houses here, as they have speculated very largely in American produce, particularly flour."
From the Washington Expositor .
Virginia will support James Monroe for the next Presidency.
It is somewhat astonishing to find what very different impressions have been received in this city and elsewhere, in relation to the real disposition of Virginia towards this firm and inflexible patriot. The result of the caucus in Richmond seems to have had an imposing influence upon many who have not had an opportunity of being correctly informed upon that head. The citizens of other states will labour under very erroneous impressions, and will do great injustice to col. Monroe, should they for a moment suppose that caucus to have expressed the real sentiments of Virginia. Many of the members who attended that meeting, acted under the idea that the attempt to elect col. Monroe would not be persevered in by his friends, but that on the contrary, the elec-

tion of Mr. Madison would be acquiesced in under a persuasion that it had been so and agreed upon by the friends of both parties as Washington; for although the caucus here had transpired, yet the result of it was fully anticipated, from the frequent communications and suggestions from hence, that no opposition between those two gentlemen was calculated upon. Great pains were taken to make this impression as general as possible, and there cannot be the smallest doubt, that to this cause essentially may be attributed the decision then made. Several of the members, however, who attended that caucus, have since declared that such were the considerations, which influenced their conduct on that occasion. This statement is exempt from error—it is bottomed upon fact, and corroborated by irrefragable evidence.
Whilst I am sensible that the greater mass of citizens who support Mr. Madison's election, are actuated by the most virtuous and patriotic motives, yet I must be permitted to say, that no election in so early a stage of it, wearing the same imposing face of fairness and liberality, was ever conducted by the few, with more artful management and consummate intrigue. The idea then circulated, and still attempted to be imposed upon the publick that the nomination of Mr. Madison would be acquiesced in by the friends of col. Monroe, is perfectly fallacious, and destitute of all foundation. Should Mr. Madison be elected, the friends of col. Monroe [who are now the friends of the present administration, and a large majority of his personal and political friends are of this description] would in that event support his administration, until it should become obviously improper to continue that support. On the other hand, they will never cease to support col. Monroe for the next presidency, with an ardent and unabating zeal, until all prospect of success shall be blasted, or at any rate, until the election in Virginia shall be over. They consider him as possessing many qualifications which peculiarly fit him for that exalted station, and give him a decided preference over his opponent. Without attempting to question the purity of Mr. Madison's republican principles—to undervalue his services to his country—limit the capaciousness of his mind, or detract from the splendor of his talents; it must certainly be acknowledged on all hands, that col. Monroe, possessing principles equally pure—having served his country as faithfully as effectually—with a mind strong and vigorous, and talents eminently commanding, is a man of more character; that is, he possesses more decision, energy and firmness, both characteristic and constitutional, than his opponent. He is also better acquainted with mankind and the world generally—of course less liable to imposition of any kind and it is but rational and fair to conclude, from the very favourable opportunity which his mission to Europe afforded him of acquiring a correct knowledge of the policy and views of all the foreign powers with whom we have, or are likely to have any relation or intercourse, but that he is at this time in possession of the best store of information of any citizen among us, and therefore most capable of wielding the helm of government to the best possible advantage, and of conducting, by skilful management, the vessel of state from amidst the billows that are dashing against her sides, and the conflicting elements that surround her, into the haven of safety, where she may ride triumphantly upon the bosom of peace, prosperity and happiness. He would give to the government a dignified and elevated tone, which whilst it commanded the approbation and affections of the people at home, would insure respect abroad.
James Monroe has as just and high pretensions to the next presidency, as any man in the United States, and the writer feels an inward conviction united with the fondest hope, that his native state will give him her warmest support, and that the citizens at large will avail themselves of the advantages which he will be capable of conferring upon his country, when exalted to that dignified station.
The circumstances of the president's putting his veto upon the treaty with Great Britain, which was signed and sent over by our ministers, has very improperly caused many persons to attach much censure to James Monroe. By them he has without a hearing, been most unjustly condemned. It is perfectly unknown to them how far he approved that instrument, or what were its contents; his merely signing it not being conclusive evidence of his approving it in all bearings. This fact is only to be found in the accompanying documents. Time will develop the truth and detect the erroneous impressions which the publick has received. I take the liberty, however, of asserting, however, of asserting, that the report of his having abandoned the protection of our seamen, let it flow from whatever source it may, even should one clothed with senatorial dignity have given it currency, is false and without a shadow of foundation.
Every man should be presumed innocent until the contrary appears, and no man who had fought the battles of his country, sealed its liberty with his blood, devoted his whole life to the advancement of her solid and substantial interests, first by waging war against tyranny and oppression, secondly, by aiding in the establishment of a republican government, and lastly, by fostering, inculcating, and diffusing the pure principles of freedom, flowing from the fountain of republicanism; who some years since at an awful and alarming crisis, had been exposed to the most rancorous persecution—encountered the grossest calumny—combated with success the most powerful opposition that was raised against him, and withstood the tempest until the storm was over, whilst other men now high in the confidence of the people, had actually retired from the scene of action, powerless and defeated; ought to be condemned without a hearing, by any man who is an American in heart and in sentiment, or be suspected for a moment, of having lost sight of the interests of his country, abandoned the cause he had so long defended, and thereby forfeiting all future claim to its confidence and gratitude.
As an American, I am proud in the conviction, that the least that can be said of col. Monroe is the most that can be said of other men; that he is an honest man, and the dear bought laurels which adorn his brow, are destined to bloom for ages.
CURTUS.
Letter from the attorney-general accompanying the bill to punish conspiracies to commit treason against the United States, presented the second of March.
December 2, 1807.
SIR, The questions proposed in your letter of the 24th
ultimo, embrace an important and delicate subject. I have given them that consideration they justly merit, and respectfully submit the result of my reflections.
The sentiment expressed by an able and enlightened writer, that every punishment which is not absolutely necessary for the peace or safety of society is unjust, I believe to be perfectly correct. When revising any part of the penal code, for the purpose of discovering its defects, and of enlarging the sphere of criminality, we should proceed with caution and prudence; and we should not add to the catalogue of offences unless on sufficient grounds.
Feeling the just influence of these remarks, and reluctant as I am to increase the list of crimes, I think experience has evinced the necessity of some further provisions, to preserve the peace of the United States against the enterprizes of designing and ambitious men.
The next question imposes a task more difficult, the mode in which the deficiency may be effectually remedied. This subject opens a wide field for discussion, and admits of great diversity of opinion.
It is with no personal satisfaction that I propose to the consideration of the committee the propriety of punishing combinations and conspiracies for the purpose of committing treason against the United States. The constitution has wisely defined the crime of treason; but it must be obvious that before this crime is consummated by an overt act of levying war, the publick peace may be disturbed and the publick safety endangered by the previous preparations for such an event.—Though in various parts of the union conspirators who intend the destruction of our government, are preparing the means to accomplish their object by providing arms, ammunition, and warlike stores, they are subject to no punishment to the existing laws, unless war has actually been levied by them against the United States. It would seem therefore essential to the preservation of the publick peace that a conspiracy to commit treason against the United States, should be punished in such manner as will be most likely to reform the criminal, and to deter others from the commission of the same offence.—Perhaps a proper part of the judgment would be to render offenders incapable of holding any office of honour profit or trust under that government which they combined to destroy.
The law relative to enterprizes began or set on foot within the bosom of our country, against a nation with whom we are at peace merits revision and will require some amendments—the object of this law is a salutary one; but its language not defining with sufficient accuracy and certainty the offences has given birth to much dispute, as to its legal and proper construction. Enterprizes against nations at peace with us have been too frequently projected not to call the serious attention of the legislature to this interesting subject.
Let me also recommend "the employment of means for the benevolent purpose of preventing crimes," to use the language of judge Wilson.
The only law of the United States on this subject will be found in the 4th volume of the acts of congress, page 281. This is conceived in very general terms, and authorises security of the peace or for good behaviour, to be taken in cases arising under the constitution and laws of the United States in the same manner as under the laws of the several states. In some respects the provision may, in practice, be incompatible with the constitution of the United States. By one of the amendments which now form a part of that instrument, no person can be arrested or committed unless upon oath—In some of the states whose constitutions have not a similar provision, and where the common law is in force, an oath may not be considered a absolutely necessary.
An act of congress specifically providing in all cases, where it should be made appear on oath, that there were just grounds and probable cause to believe, that any person was about to commit a crime against the United States he should be compelled to give security of the peace, or for his good behaviour, would be a prudent measure, calculated to secure the publick tranquility. The law might be so guarded as to prevent its being used to the oppression of individuals.
I have the honour to be, Yours,
Very Respectfully,
C. A. RODNEY.
John Randolph, Esq.
PHILADELPHIA, March 5.
Yesterday arrived, sch'r Joliet, captain Kitts, from Lisbon, which place he left the 25th of January, in quiet possession of the French; that an embargo was laid there, though passports could be occasionally obtained; that sir Sidney Smith, with a British fleet of fifteen or 20 ships lay off there, waiting for the Russian ships in the Tagus; that there was a large French army, said to amount to 300,000 men in Spain, which was reported to be designed against Gibraltar, and it was also reported, that Buonaparte was expected in Lisbon, and it was supposed, would go from thence to Gibraltar to open the siege.
BALTIMORE, March 7.
As Mr. Hewes has inadvertently copied the following from a Charleston paper, I think it necessary to expose the perverted inference it is made to support.
When cruisers go to sea from the Barbary ports, they are supplied with the passports of all the consuls, who are appointed to their prince, not only for their own protection, but for the prizes they may make, and moreover carry a counter part of the passports of Christian friendly powers whose merchantmen they may meet—Hence there is no wonder that the British passport was found in the prize, but the oddity consists in the concealment of the fact that other passports (and perhaps even the American) were aboard. The latter must have been there, unless Mr. Lear had the address to evade giving his passports, on account of his suspicion, that it was designed to go to war with us.
After the explicit cause of the rupture given by Mr. Lear, it is idle to conjure up false insinuations as to others. (North American.)
From the Charleston Times.
"Mr. Degan gives the following information, by which it appears, that the British consul general at Algiers, protests, and probably shares, in the depredations on American commerce. The information is as follows:
British Chancery Office.
H. S. Blankley, his Britannick majesty's agent
and consul general at Algiers, in Barbary, to all whom it doth or may concern, greeting.
By these presents, we make known and certify, that this ship or vessel, was taken by, and is the prize of a frigate cruiser of Algiers, mounting 44 guns, and whereof Mahomed Rais Turk, is commander; and therefore, and in regard to the peace subsisting between his majesty and this kingdom, we request and require all the subjects of our sovereign lord and king, of whatsoever office, command, rank, degree, order, or condition it may be, as well by land as by sea, to suffer him freely to pass, without any let, hindrance, seizure, or molestation whatsoever.
Given under our publick seal, at the chancery office, in the city of Algiers, the fourth day of January, one thousand eight hundred and seven.
(Signed)
H. S. BLANKLEY.
The report of Irvine's trial is put to press. Having the advantage of being revised by all the counsel; the formal proceedings being taken from the records; and the opinion of the court from the judges' notes; it will have every possible character of authenticity and correctness. The matter to which it relates has attracted much interest, and the learning of attachments not having been before condensed into one view, it is not to be doubted it will meet with a good reception from the publick.
Ibid.
MOREAU.
I am correctly informed, that the British government has intercepted dispatches from this suspicious person, addressed to Talleyrand. Expecting to procure a statement of their contents, which may have the chance of being more correct, than my memory will from hearing them stated, I omit for the present giving their purport. Any correspondence, however, by this exile, upon the subject of the United States, with the French minister of foreign affairs, changes the light in which he has heretofore stood.
Ibid.
GEORGE-TOWN, March 7.
We state with unaffected pleasure, that Mr. Randolph is so far recovered, as to have resumed his seat in the house.
We have given in this day's Federalist, from the New-York Evening Post, certain questions said to have been put to Mr. Madison by Mr. Rose—with the answer thereto by the secretary of state—Although the Editor of that highly respectable paper, appears to have received his information from a source that defied contradiction, yet, we hope he will permit us to say, without meaning to question the veracity of his correspondent, that we have heard it stated as entirely incorrect, and this from good authority, that Mr. Rose never did put such questions to Mr. Madison, and consequently Mr. Madison could not have given such answers.
Publick rumour for some days past has announced the intended departure of Mr. Rose—and upon authority that we deem better than mere report we state that Mr. Rose expects to leave this country very soon.
We hope however should Mr. Rose depart that nothing hostile will follow. We understand that we shall be permitted to remain in our present embargoed situation as long as our government shall think proper to continue it. While the British nation will be permitted by us to conduct their own affairs in their own way—thus trying which can do the other the most harm, without recourse to war.
CHARLESTON, March 3.
Captain Tobey, arrived last evening from Cadiz, has politely favoured us with the Madrid Gazette of the 8th of January.
On the 3d of January, the king of Spain issued a royal decree, declaring all the ports of Great Britain and her colonies in a state of blockade.
The decree further declares, that all vessels which have been visited or boarded by a British cruiser; or which shall have paid any duties to the British government, or coming from a British port, shall be confiscated.
The preamble, and indeed the whole decree, is similar to that issued by the emperor Buonaparte; who is styled, the good friend and ally of Spain.
Captain Tobey, brought out dispatches for the president of the United States.
Capt. Tobey left at Cadiz, January 15, six French and seven Spanish ships of the line; the French ships had dropped down below, and it was reported that their object was to prevent the Spanish ships from slipping out as the Portuguese had done.—They were closely blockaded by ten sail of the line. It was daily expected that a body of French troops would arrive at Cadiz and Algesiras, for the purpose of attacking Gibraltar.
Gazette Marine Memoranda.
ARRIVED.
Sch'r Ploughboy, Hall, 4 days from Charleston. Sloop Rover, Shemering, 3 days from New-York. Sch'r Friendship, Avril, 5 days from Charleston. Sch'r Mohawk, Strong, 3 days from Charleston.
DEAGLE'S Packet will sail for Baltimore To-Morrow, wind and weather permitting. March 14.
The Schooner PLOUGHBOY, Capt. Hall will sail for Charleston on Wednesday next, wind and weather permitting. March 14.
On Friday the 18th instant, at eleven o'Clock, will be Sold at the Dwelling House of Captain Drysdale, near Joshua Oldner's, All his Household and Kitchen FURNITURE,
Consisting of Beds, Chairs, Tables, Sideboard, Looking Glasses, Glass and China Ware—Terms, Cash.
WM. B. LAMB.
March 11.
3
By virtue of a Deed in Trust from Thomas H. Parker to Latimore Halstead, will be Sold on the premises at Publick Auction, for ready money, on Saturday the 2d day of April next,
All that Tract of LAND and appurtenances, in the County of Norfolk, near the Borough, which David Pierce sold and conveyed to the said Thomas H. Parker, containing seventy-five acres more or less, and which is now in the occupancy of Thomas Williamson and L. Simon.
THE TRUSTEE.
March 7.
145
Postscript.
Just as our paper was ready for press, Captain Strong from Charleston, favoured us with a paper of Wednesday last, from which we have extracted London news to the 16th of January.—Capt. Strong passed Cape Henry this morning at ten o'clock, at which time, and during his passage, he saw no ship of war.
We understand that admiral Duckworth stated in a letter to Colonel Hamilton, that he should not remain more than forty-eight hours off our Capes.
CHARLESTON, March 9.
The letter bag & the ship Adeline, capt. Trott, 51 days from London, was brought up last evening, by one of the pilot-boats. Our regular files by this arrival, are only to the 7th of January, on which day the ship left London. Capt. Trott, however, sent up single paper of the 16th of January, (which he probably obtained in the Downs) with which we have been favoured. We regret that we have not been able to procure the intermediate dates, as this paper throws but little light on the situation of European affairs—we have extracted the most interesting part of its contents:—
LONDON, January 16.
Mr. Sansom, the chairman of the committee of American merchants, yesterday waited upon the chancellor of the exchequer, to know whether licenses would be granted for the protection of cargoes destined for America. The chancellor of the exchequer said, he saw no occasion for such licenses, as we were not at war with America; but he did not think there could be an objection to grant them, to satisfy those who might think it necessary to apply for them.
The situation of America with respect to France, does not seem less precarious than with respect to England. The French privateers, in conformity to the late decree, capture every American they meet, bound to England. The ship Live Oak, an American ship from Virginia to London, has been taken, retaken, and brought into the Downs. The Hyades, an American ship, from Charleston and Cowes to London, was taken on the 31st ultimo by a French privateer and carried into Calais—the captain and crew taken out of the ship and put under guard. The Joseph and Edward, from Guernsey to Dover, was taken on the 5th inst. and carried into Calais. Several other vessels have lately been carried into Calais; among them were three American vessels, exclusive of the Hyades.
The transport board continues to engage large coppered ships, for long voyages. Many of these vessels are to proceed to India, for the purpose of bringing home hemp—the directors of the East-India company having engaged to furnish government with twenty-thousand tons of hemp annually, for the next three years, the whole of which is to be brought home in ships especially fitted and prepared for the purpose, so as to prevent the article from imbibing an improper heat on its voyage to England.
It was yesterday reported, that the bank of England had offered to lend government ten millions, for one year, without interest; and that government had declined the offer, as not being adequate to their expectations.
The public will be not a little surprised, to hear that Gen. Mack is now in London, and has frequent conferences with Lord Castlereagh and the Duke of York! We can assure our readers, however, from unquestionable authority, that he has been in town for the last ten days.
Many persons seem inclined to build sanguine hopes of peace, on the concluding part of the Monitor's comments on his majesty's Declaration.—The permitting our maritime code to remain at present undissolved, and to lie over for regulation according to the respective strength and policy of future belligerents, is certainly a difficulty mastered: and being a concession which the former language of Buonaparte gave us no reason to expect, at first sight appears to intimate, that dispositions are gradually becoming more pacific. We are, however, very far from thinking, that the official paper (for such we may consider it in the Monitor) warrants a favourable anticipation of the result of those communications, which are now going on between the governments. It certainly proves the truth of our original statement, that communications bearing towards peace, have taken place. The new light in which the independence of the seas is affected to be considered, shews that Buonaparte wishes to agitate the subject of Negotiation.—Nay, we do not doubt that his desire for peace may be sincere; at least, it would be strange if it is not, for certainly the relative situations of the two countries do not intimate that France has most reason to dread a period of rest, which shall afford an opportunity of prosecuting the advantages gained in war to the purposes of internal prosperity.
To-Morrow will be Sold at the Subscriber's Store, for the benefit of the owners and subscribers of the Schooner Washington, Benjamin Frost, master, wrecked on Cape Henry. 50 barrels sup. Alexandria FLOUR, 3 bales Cotton GOODS. T. BLANCHARD.
March 14.
To-Morrow at 11 o'Clock on March 15, will be Sold for approved Notes at 60 days for sums over 100 dollars, and cash for sums under, 59 bags choice COFFEE. Francis Smith, V. M.
At Private Sale, 5000 bushels Liverpool stowed, 1000 do. coarse, 100 do. and 100 do. Cadiz SALT March 14.
7500 bushels coarse Liverpool SALT, a-float, being the cargo of the ship Suzan, from Liverpool. For Sale by C. & F. Whittle.
IN STORE, 100 barrels RYE WHISKEY. March 14.
NOTICE. All those who did not attend at the Court House on Friday and Saturday last, agreeable to my advertisement, for the purposes of receiving their pay for services rendered for the United States, are requested to attend at that place on Saturday next, the 19th inst as I am anxious to have the receipt rolls completed Robert C. Jennings, Acting as Pay-Master.
March 14.
9

FOR BOSTON. The schooner SATURN , Capt. Wm. Marden , will take a few hundred barrels on freight if application be soon made to the master at Marden's wharf , or  C. RY. Wines for Sale at reduced prices. A quantity of Cheese; N. E. Rum, in hogsheads and barrels; Country Gin; Hollands do; and few bundles good Hay. March 2. 3  6000 bushels Stoved SALT, 50 crates well assorted Earthenware—or Sale on board the ship Sally , by  A. Maclure. March 2. tf
The Subscriber offers for Sale,  78 puncheons well flavored RUM, A few pipes Old Brandy and 27 hogsheads choice retailing Molasses  Phinehas Dana. March 2. tf
THE COTTAGE, A small Farm handsomely improved in the neighborhood of Portsmouth, commanding a beautiful view of Norfolk harbour is offered for Rent and the HOUSE lately occupied by Doctor Leigh, pleasantly situated near the Ferry Wharf, in Portsmouth. Apply to Mr. William Pritchard, or  JAMES YOUNG. March 2. tf
AT PRIVATE SALE,  BY S. MARKS, JUN.  60 hogsheads St. Kitt's RUM. March 2. tf
NOTICE. All those who are indebted to the estate of WILLIAM THOMPSON , deceased, of Little England, are required to make immediate payment, and those who may have claims against said estate are desired to render them, legally attested  William H. Thompson. Feb. 29. 2w
NOTICE. All persons having claims against the Estate of DANIEL COOK , deceased, of Nansemond County, are requested to bring them in on or before the first day of May next; those indebted to the estate, are requested to make immediate payment, wishing to settle the estate as soon as possible. Mary Cook, Adm rx . N. B. Whereas Bartholomew Redmon, of Norfolk Borough, having a bond in his possession, which was given by Daniel Cook and Edward Frith, jointly, for the sum of 3000 dollars or their shares; Edward Frith being exonerated, and the said Redmon refusing to give me up the bond, although there is not one shilling due on account of it, I caution all persons from receiving the said bond in any way whatever, as this notice will be plead in bar against it. Western Branch, Nansemond County, } February 17, 1808.
The sum mentioned in the above should be as follows:—two Bonds dated 11th day of July, 1804, the one payable the 11th day of January, and the other on the 11th day of July, 1805—each in the penal sum of two thousand dollars, conditioned for the payment of one thousand dollars each, both given jointly as above specified; which bonds or either of them, I again caution all persons from receiving in any way whatever, as this notice will be plead in bar against the payment thereof. Mary Cook. March 2. 1m
Council Chamber, February 25, 1808. THE EXECUTIVE will receive on the 25th of March next, Proposals for constructing sufficient and proper Carriages for mounting all the pieces of Artillery belonging to this Commonwealth, at which time drafts of the most approved models, in conformity to which, the said carriages are to be constructed, will be submitted to the inspection of all persons disposed to contract for the same. The Executive will probably furnish all the necessary timber, and will have the iron work done at the Foundry—Subjoined is a list of the pieces intended to be mounted. Daniel L. Hytson, Clerk of the Council.
6 Brass Cannon 32 pounders, 9 Iron do. 24 do. 1 do. do. 18 do. 1 do. do. 12 do. 1 do. do. 6 do. 4 do. do. 4 do. 2 do. do. 3 do. 10 or 15 others of different sizes.
Received per schooner Traveller , from Boston, and for Sale,  By EDWARD CLARK,  10 tons small, flat, and square Bar Iron, 100 bundles assorted Nail Rods. Nov. 18. tf
200 boxes Mould CANDLES, 30 half boxes brown Soap, 10 boxes white do. 60 bags Coffee, 5 tierces do prime green, 4 hogsheads and 10 barrels loaf Sugar, 18 do. Muscovado do. 10 quarter casks old Sherry Wine, 2 hds old L. P. Madeira do. 3 hds. Red Port, 50 do retailing Molasses, 15 crates well assorted Queen's Ware, Country Rum and Gin in hds. and pipes—For Sale by  Phinehas Dana. June 8. tf
For RENT, A commodious small DWELLING, with all suitable out-houses and a good garden, pleasantly situated on Smith's Point. Possession may be had on the first of November. P. Barraud. October 5. tf
For RENT, The Store, Compting-Room & Cellar, at present occupied by Messrs. Wood & Hastings, no. 90, Main-street. Apply to Thomas Willock. August 24. tf
For RENT, (And immediate possession given,) The Brick-House, Store, and Cellars, at the corner of Gilbert's Lane, on Main-street, near the market, an excellent stand for a Dry Good or Grocery Store. Apply to Niemeyer & Von Kapff. December 28. tf
Just received for Sale, 25 qr. casks Gordon's old Sherry Wine, 20 boxes Hysan Tea, 80 do. superior quality Young Hysan, 20 pipes Holland Gin, 20 do Country do.  Mackinder & White. Feb. 18. tf
WOOD & HASTINGS, No. 76, Main-Street. Have just received an additional supply of  Staple and Fancy GOODS, Among which are Black Silk Velvet; Tabby, do.; Black Silk Florentine; Silk Handkerchiefs; do. Fancy Shawls; Convex Navy Buttons; fashionable Coat do.; a variety of French Goods; 2 trunks Cambric Muslins; 2 cases Linens; 2 bales Cotton Checks; 1 do. Gilli Handkerchiefs; 5 do. India Cottons, assorted, some very fine for Shirtings; a variety of Woollens. They have also on hand a general and extensive assortment of  WOOLLEN GOODS. Every description of fancy Muslins and Dresses; Velvets; Constitution and President's Cords; Dimities; Carpets; Hosiery, &c. &c. On consignment, just received,  Hussar and Backstrap BOOTS; Ladies' Kid and Morocco Shoes; Mens' coarse do.; coarse and fine Hats. The above GOODS will be sold at very reduced prices for CASH, or undoubted credit, by wholesale and retail December 11. tf
Now landing from on board the schooner McHawk, Roger Quarles, master, from Leghorn,  120 hogsheads Bordolease CLARET, 96 casks Roll Brimstone, 100 boxes Castle Marbled Soap, 50 tin boxes Saffron, 5 cases Florence Silks of all colours, a great many black, 2 hds. shelled Almonds, 100 half chests Lucca Oil, of 30 flasks, 100 boxes Lucca Oil, 12 bottles each, 3 cases Chip Hats. For Sale by  William Pennock. October 12. tf
For SALE, 2 elegant Bay Horses, a complete match, 2 do. grey do. do. 1 remarkable fine bay, and one very excellent grey Horse—For which, Notes of the Bank of Newbern and Cape-Fear, or Proc. Money will be taken in payment—Apply at the Office of the Publick Ledger. Sept. 25. tf
THE SUBSCRIBER Has removed to the brick store at the head of Camp bell's wharf, fronting said wharf and Wide Water street, where he offers at wholesale or retail his assortment of  Groceries and Ship Chandlery, Among which are  14 hogsheads Muscovado SUGAR, 1 do. and 6 barrels loaf do. 6 do. Antigua, Jamaica, and Grenada Rum, 3 pipes French Brandy, 2 hds. and 6 bbls Rye Whiskey, 4 hds. Apple Brandy, 1 do. Peach do. 10 bags Coffee, Imperial, Hyson, Young Hyson, and Souchong Teas, Pepper, Pimento, and Nutmegs, Madeira, Sherry, and Port Wines, London and Philadelphia Porter, English Cheese, Bar Iron and Castings, Nail and Spike Rods, German Steel, Powder and Shot, Tar, Pitch & Turpentine, Paints and Oil, black and bright Varnish, Canvas and Cordage, Nails and Spikes. Also just received, 20 boxes Lemons, 12 half bbls. Beef Tongues, 20 kegs Tongues and Sounds, 40 kegs and 2 bbls Salmon, 5 bbls Mackerel, 13 cases Sallad Oil, 1 cask Currants, 10 boxes Olives, Capers and Anchovies, 6 dozen bottles Cayenne Pepper, 3 do. do. Pickled Peppers, 30 boxes Soap, 20 boxes Candles, 90 barrels Alexandria superfine and fine Flour.  John D. Haldane. July 31. tf
For SALE, 73 punch. choice Antigua RUM, 30 do. Grenada do. 600 bushels CORN, 80,000 drawn White and Red Oak STAVES, 60 barrels Pork.  George Wilson. November 4. tf
For SALE, Imported in the Galliot Fortune , captain Norton, from Teneriffe,  100 pipes and 90 hds. L. P. Teneriffe WINE, of superior quality. Apply to  Phinehas Dana. September 28. tf
Coarse Liverpool SALT, For Sale on board the ship Courtney , capt. Bryant, lying at my wharf. Apply to  William Pennock. Who has on hand,  Liverpool Blown and Cadiz SALT. September 16. tf
Landing from the ship Planter, and for sale at the subscriber's, at a low advance, A PARCEL OF Woollens, Bed Ticks, Hosiery, and other GOODS.  Thomas Blanchard. September 28. tf
NOTICE. I am again compelled to solicit all those indebted to the estate of PHILIP COLLINS , deceased, to make immediate payment, as no longer indulgence can be given. Jane Collins, Adm rx . December 9. tf
WANTED for the Ship Sheffield, A CARPENTER; also, two young LADS, from 14 to 15 years of age, as apprentices, not to go in the cabin or to cook. Apply to  Josiah Cowper. December 9. tf
For SALE, 4000 bushels Ground Allum SALT, And a few well assorted crates of EARTHENWARE.  George Murray, & Co. December 7. tf
Leather, Cordage, and Loaf Sugar. The subscriber will hereafter expose for Sale at his Warehouse on Campbell's wharf the above Articles, of the manufacture of Norfolk, at reduced prices for Cash, or on short credits only. Theo. Armistead. He will sell or lease for a term of years, the STORES at the end of Marsden's and Rothery's wharves. Feb. 20. tf
For SALE at my Brew-House, Strong, Table, and Ship BEER, by the hogshead, barrel, and half barrel—and a constant supply of bottled PORTER in packages and by the dozen.  Joseph Hayes. Feb. 18. tf
Wines, Liquors, and Groceries, wholesale and retail.  Joseph Hayes. Feb. 18. tf
Alexandria Mountain FLOUR. A few barrels Superfine, do. for family use (Carlisle brand) in barrels and half bbls for Sale—Apply to Caton & Veale. February 26. 3
NOTICE. I shall attend at the Court-House on Friday morning the 11th of March, for the purpose of paying the Artillery and Infantry Companies of this Borough, late in the service of the United States, under the command of Brigadier General Thomas Mathews—and on the following Monday I shall attend at the Court-House in Portsmouth, for the purpose of paying the Companies of that place. Robert C. Jennings, Acting as Pay-Master. February 29. 5
For CASH or approved Discountable Paper, 20 bales best Russia CANVAS, 1 do. Ravens Duck; 1 do. Matras Ticking, 65 packages German Linen—For Sale by Niemeyer & Von Kapff. February 26. tf
Fresh Imperial TEA. Just received 17 boxes fresh Imperial TEA, of the present year's importation—Also on Hand,  25 tons assorted BAR IRON, 80 barrels and a few hogsheads Muscovado Sugar, 40 barrels and bag Green Coffee; 25 hds old Antigua Rum, 20 hds. Molasses; 8 pipes French Brandy, 10 crates assorted Queen's Ware, A few quarter casks of Sherry and Teneriffe Wine, Whiskey in barrels; Loaf Sugar. New York prime Pork and Beef; 30 casks Cheese, A few barrels Mackerel; Soap; Candles; Demijohns, &c. For Sale by  Jennings & Roddey. February 26. tf
COCKE & SANFORD, Have received eighteen hogsheads and eighteen barrels  Loaf and Lump SUGAR, which they offer for Sale on very moderate terms. On hand of their last importation,  2 bales flaxen OZNABURGS, 2000 wt. Seine Twine; 1 bale assorted Blue Cloths, 1 bale superfine Navy Blue Cloth, 2 boxes well assorted Irish Linens, Irish and Dutch Sheetings and Dowlas, 2 Trunks Cotton Hosiery; 1 case Dimities, 2 do. assorted Nankeen and Grandells, 3 do. Calicoes; 2 do. Cotton Cambricks, 1 box French Cambricks and Handkerchiefs, 2 cases Mens' and 1 do. Childrens' fashionable Beaver Hats. Feb. 24. 2m
FRESH SHOES. E. STURTEVANT, No. 77, Main-Street, Has now landing from the schooner Mary Ann , capt. Luce, 22 trunks, barrels, and casks of  Ladies', Gentlemens', and Childrens' SHOES. February 19. tf
NOTICE. The partnership of Ellis & Sprigg , of Hampton, is this day by mutual consent dissolved—all persons indebted to the said firm are requested most earnestly to come forward and pay their respective balances to Mr. C. Sprigg; and all those who have claims against said firm, to produce them to said C. Sprigg for settlement. Samuel Ellis, Per his Attorney in fact, Robert Gibson, Corbin Sprigg. Hampton, February 17. tf
For SALE, 5 cases only of superior PIGEON-EYE CHAMPAIGN. Apply to the Editor of this Paper. Dec. 16. tf
New SHOES from New-York. SAMUEL COLEMAN, Offers for Sale such as have been generally sold in retail at 3s. and 3 3/4 for 7s. 6d.; those at 13s. for 13s. 6d. except of Morocco leather; Ladies' Morocco Slippers at 8s. 3d. for 7s. 6d. and in nearly the same ratio for every other kind of Shoes, where the former prices will bear reduction. VERNON'S BOOTS, which are well known to command higher prices in Baltimore than Boots made by any other person there—reduced to 11 dollars for fair tops, and 9 dollars for Hessian Boots, such as he himself sells in retail for 12 and 10 dollars. BUTTER at 17 cents in nice order; a few tons of Iron; a few hundred bushels of ground Allum Salt; India Cottons; Brown Sugar, &c. &c. as low as they can be sold for a profit, for Cash. Feb. 17. tf
BOOTS. Elegant Hussar & Backstrap BOOTS Just received and for Sale by Wood & Hastings, Opposite Market Square Feb. 8. tf
6000 bushels St. Ubes SALT—afloat. IN STORE, 35 puncheons 3d and 4th proof Antigua Rum, 100 hogsheads Sugar, principally Antigua, 40,000 wt. Green Coffee; 850 Demijohns, 7,500 bushels coarse Salt; 100 barrels Rye Whiskey, 30 tierces London Brown Stout, 20 hogsheads Philadelphia Ale and Porter, 150 barrels superfine and fine Flour; 40 kegs fresh Raisins, 10 pipes London particular Madeira Wine, fit for use, 600 ready made Check Shirts; 20 hds. Petersburg Tobacco, 50 barrels Pork; 100 barrels Sugar; a few cases Hermitage For Sale on liberal terms by C. & F. Whittle. February 6. tf
NOTICE. The Copartnership of RICHARD BOWDEN, & Co. having expired, Richard Drummond is authorised to receive and pay the debts of said concern. Moses Myers, Richard Bowden, Richard Drummond. February 2. tf
Cognac Brandy, Hollands Gin, Country do. in pipes, Rice in tierces and half tierces—For Sale by C. & F. Whittle. February 24. tf
For SALE, Just received by Deagle's Packet from Baltimore, 150 bags of good Green COFFEE. Wilson, Cunningham, & Co. February 6. 3w
All persons to whom the Subscriber is indebted, are requested to make known the amount of their claims immediately. Wm. Hartshorne, Jun. January 13. tf
One Hundred Dollars Reward. RAN-AWAY from the Subscriber on the 26th December last, a Mulatto Man named TONY , a Blacksmith by trade; he is about 24 years of age, 5 feet 10 inches high—had on when he went away a dark cloth suit coat and pantaloons—his right foot has been broken, which caused him to limp, and is much larger than the other. He travelled in the stage from Edenton to Suffolk, the 28th ult. I have understood he went by the name of Benjamin James while in Suffolk—I expect he will endeavour to pass as a free man. The above reward will be given to any person who will secure him in any jail so that I get him again, and all reasonable charges paid if delivered to me in Plymouth, North-Carolina. JOHN WALKER. January 8. 12*
For SALE, 45,000 wt. good COFFEE in bags, 94 puncheons old St. Kitts RUM. MOSES MYERS. January 8. tf
NOTICE. The Subscribers have removed to the Ware House, No. 6, on Newton's wharf, formerly occupied by Messrs. John D. Haldane, & Co. JENNINGS & RODDEY. January 3. tf
MACKINDER & WHITE, Have received from London in the ship Planter , and Nabby, from Liverpool, their  Fall and Winter GOODS. The best superfine Black, Navy Blue, and fashionable mixed Cloths, Calimere, Patent Cords, Swansdown, black silk Fireatine, Gentlemen's patent silk and beaver Hats; Ladies' Trafalgar, Calabria, Buenos Ayres, and Cotage beaver Bonnets; Childrens' beaver Caps and Bonnets; Ladies' plain and fancy Kid and Morocco Shoes; red and black Morocco Nelson's comforters; Gentlemen's Hessian and Spanish Boots, and dress Shoes and pumps; superior rich gold Epaulets; lace and silver Fringe; plain, tamboured, and Leno Muslin for dress; Calicoes, Chambrays, and Ginghams; rose and striped Blankets; Kendal Cottons; fringed white Plains; mixed Fearnoughts; Flannels; Manchester Cords; blue and diab. Plains; Dimities and Marseilles; 4 4 Irish Linens; 5-4 and 6-4 Sheetings; Hosiery; Cutlery in boxes assorted; coarse Hats do.; Nails, Window Glass, &c. The above are offered for sale by wholesale or retail, at the lowest terms for Cash or approved paper.
The Subscribers have removed to the Brick Warehouse on Merchant's Wharf, and have on hand for Sale,  100,000 W. O. hhd. drawn STAVES, 100,000 red do. do. 40,000 rough do. do. 50,000 do. barrel do. 10,000 pipe do. 500,000 sale Shingles; 100,000 building do. 10,000 three feet do.; 5,000 Garden Pales, 5,000 Chinquapin a d Cedar Posts. And also for Rent, A commodious WAREHOUSE. Proby, Harnanson, & Co. January 11. tf
Now landing from the schooner Prudence Mary, from New-York, 17 hds. first quality SUGARS, 54 barrels prime Pork, city inspection, 70 boxes Mould Candles; 5 hds. double refined Sugar, 5 pipes Brandy; 25 reams Writing Paper, 2 trunks fine and coarse French Lace, which will be sold at a low rate for Cash. Apply at No. 1, Commerce Street to William Hull, Jun. October 16. tf
Just got to Hand. 22 chests Hyson TEA, will be sold low for cash. George Wilson. Nov. 18. tf
For SALE, by the Subscriber, 34 hogsheads WHISKEY, 50 crates Earthenware; 10 casks Glass do. 65 boxes 8 by 10, 37 do. by 12 Window Glass, 16 gross Wine Bottles; 18 boxes Castile Soap, 1 hogshead and 5 barrels Philadelphia Loaf Sugar, 10 hds. Petersburg, 2 do. Richmond, and 4 do. York Rk. ver Tobacco; 15 bales Cotton, 38 whole and 9 half tierces Rice. A. Maclure. November 13. tf
One Hundred Dollars Reward. RAN-AWAY last October from the Subscribers, living in Monroe County, two Mulatto Men, ISAAC CONNER and WILLIAM CONNER , (brothers) both very bright mulattoes. Isaac is about 5 feet 7 or 8 inches high, stout and well made, is marked on the under lip with a small reddish spot, and a scar on his forehead occasioned by the stroke of a whip; on one of his feet there is also a scar made by an axe; he is 22 years of age. Bill is 20 years of age, about 5 feet 10 inches high, also stout and active, and wore his hair in a cue 6 or 8 inches in length. It is supposed they will attempt to get to Norfolk, as they have some acquaintances there, and were heard of in the neighbourhood of Williamsburg in company with some free mulattoes, who lives on Queen's Creek. Whoever confines them in jail so that we get them again, shall be entitled to the above reward. John Handley, Martin Franklin. N B Being very fair, they will no doubt attempt to pass for free men. Feb. 10. 1t
At Private Sale,  By S. MARKS, Jun. Corner of Commerce and Water-street, 10 hds. Antigua, 12 do. N. E. 50 barrels do. RUM, 30 hds and 20 barrels Sugar; 10 pipes Country Gin, 8 pipes Cognac Brandy; 150 boxes Mould Candles, 0 boxes Spermaceti Candles; 4 bales striped Blankets, 3 bales Blue Duffles; 1 do. fine Cloths; 2 do. blue Plains, 2 do. Rugs; 1 do. Check Shirts, 54 do. Ticklenburgs and Oznaburgs; 2 do. Hessian, 1 trunk Madras Handkerchiefs. October 24. tf
For RENT, The DWELLING-HOUSE on Granby-street, belonging to captain Vickery, next door to Robert Boush, Esq.—possession will be given on the first day of January next. For terms apply to Alexander Wilson. December 18. tf
First quality Jamaica COFFEE. Just received and for Sale, 77 tierces and 24 barrels prime Green COFFEE. James & Thomas Tucker. December 28. tf
NORFOLK: PUBLISHED THREE TIMES A-WEEK, BY WILLIAM DAVIS, FOR THE PROPRIETOR, Opposite the Exchange Coffee-House. Price Six Dollars yearly, in advance.