The Patowmac guardian, and Berkeley advertiser (Shepherdstown, Va. [W. Va.]), 1793-02-11 00:00:00

The POTOMAC GUARDIAN, and BERKELEY ADVERTISER.
PRICE TWO DOLLARS PER ANN. 77 1/2 / 2/15
MONDAY, FEBRUARY 11, 1793.
[NUMBER 117—VOL. 3.]
WHERE LIBERTY DWELLS, THERE IS MY COUNTRY.
Franklin.
UNITED STATES.
C O N G R E S S.
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES.
SATURDAY, January 5.
REDUCTION OF THE MILITARY ESTABLISHMENT. (Continued from our last)
MR. MOORE said, the resolution as now worded, contemplates the reduction of the army to two regiments. No reasons have been introduced for this measure, which were not brought forward in the first discussion of the subject. He thought the reasons for continuing the army, existed with additional force. He observed, that granting abuses, had taken place, it was no good reason for repealing a law. If abuses do exist, which he by no means thought to be fact, this was not the way to correct those abuses. But he insisted, that the mode proposed as a substitute for carrying on the war, was the way to encrease those abuses—the opportunities would be encreased,—and the means greatly diminished, by reason of the distance, of detecting and preventing them. He enlarged on this idea; and then entered into a consideration of the question, whether the militia or the regular troops were most eligible to be employed in an Indian war?—He stated the difficulties and expences arising from the militia system—it would be much greater than it has ever yet been. Adverting to the system adopted by Congress, he observed that two objects appeared to have been in view at that time—those objects exist at the present moment; they have reference to two species of force—a defensive, and an inculsive. He said if no other than a militia was contemplated, the Indians would never make a permanent peace. The incursions of the militia, and the burning of their towns, will never bring the Indians to terms—permanent posts must be established; a respectable force must be fixed in their neighborhood. He alluded to the treaties which had already been made—the repeated violations of those treaties. Fear only can keep the savages within any bounds. Nothing else can effect a lasting peace. A permanent regular force is then the necessary result—the experience of the French, Spaniards and English, sufficiently enforce the propriety and necessity of regular troops. Here he entered into a consideration of the difference between such regular troops he contemplated, and those to which gentlemen appeared to be opposed. Added to the advantages of discipline, the regular troops may be trained to fight the Indians in their own way, to greater purpose than any militia ever can. On the whole, he was clearly of opinion that the present was not the time to reduce the military force of the country—and should therefore vote against the motion.
Mr. Williamson so far supported the motion, as to suggest the reducing the number of officers on the regular establishment, to the number of men in actual service, and to stop recruiting after the month of March.
Mr. Madison said the present discussion involved a revival of the question agitated the last session, whether the militia or regular troops were to be preferred in carrying on the Indian war?—It is said that this is not the time to reduce the military force of the country—that the President is invested with the power of reducing the army—that while important negotiations are pending, it will be attended with inauspicious effects to lessen the impressions of our power on the mind of the Indians. These considerations, he acknowledged to be weighty—but if the force of the country can be continued on as respectable a footing as at present, and at the same time the expence greatly diminished, the government would be inexcusable not to do it. It is supposed that this may be done in perfect consistency with impressing the enemy with the fullest impression of our power. He suggested therefore the eligibility of completing the effective force by the addition of the volunteer militia—to organize completely the regular troops already raised—and to restrict them to the number that they at present consist of. To reduce this idea to effect, he suggested to the gentleman from North-Carolina a modification of his motion, by an amendment in conformity of these ideas.
Mr. Steele said he was perfectly in sentiment with the gentleman, in regard to the propriety of inserting an amendment to the motion, which might secure a sufficient appropriation to carry on offensive operations against the hostile Indians, by the militia of the frontiers; and if an alteration was proposed to that effect, he would second it. The attention of the House to this question speaks its importance; it is probable, one more important will not occur during the present session. On its decision are suspended the hopes and fears of the people of this country, their hopes of a speedy and honorable peace,
and their fears of a standing army, with its usual retinue of political evils.
The present is regarded as an interesting epoch in the affairs of the United States; and it has been perceived, with serious regret, that while our national character is forming (he hoped it was not yet formed) it seems to partake in some respects more of the unnatural spirit of monarchy, than of the mild and conciliatory temper of a republic. The principle of keeping up standing armies, though highly obnoxious to the great body of the people, has not been equally so to the government; they have been maintained and encreased without affording protection, or even defence to the frontiers: the supplies necessary to support the establishment, begin to discover an alarming derangement of the public finances; and it is now incumbent on the House of Representatives to check this growing mischief.
Mr. Steele then adverted to the effects of standing armies on the morals and political sentiments of the people, wherever they had been employed; of the expensiveness of all such establishments, and of the wicked purposes to which they had been, and might be subservient. He said, he had prepared himself to have spoken largely to this point, and to have quoted the pernicious effects of such a policy in other nations; but the debate having been already lengthy, and the committee probably fatigued, it would be sufficient for his present purpose for the members to make their own reflections, and to mark the rapid progression of the army from 1789 to 1792, both in numbers and expences. Instances from foreign history are superfluous, when our own affords such ample testimony. The establishment began with one regiment, it is now five; the House was called on in 1789 to appropriate a little more than 100,000 dollars for that department, in the present year above one million is demanded. The reason of this extraordinary additional expenditure, this unexpected encrease of the army, if not enveloped in darkness, has been founded on policy hitherto not satisfactorily explained. He said, however lightly he was disposed to touch this part of the subject, he could not avoid reminding the committee of the memorable sentiments of 1776, in regard to standing armies; of the universal abhorrence of the Americans to them at that time; and to illustrate it more clearly, he read the expressions of some of the states in their Bills of Rights. These were the sentiments of the whigs of 1776, and to such whigs he wished to appeal on this occasion.
He also reminded the committee of the recent debates of 1788, of the amendments proposed in several state conventions, of the unanimity which prevailed among all ranks of people on this particular point; and it is now to be lamented, said he, that while the ink which recorded these objections to the constitution is yet drying, the evil then predicted has taken place.
If there is a subject on which much deliberation is unnecessary, in order to forming a right opinion, it would be in regard to military establishments; the feelings of a free people revolt at their continuance; and every man who reads, or thinks, can point out their dangers.
He said, he felt more anxiety for the fate of this motion, than commonly marks his conduct, because this is the last session that will ever afford him an opportunity to trouble the House with his sentiments on this, or any other subject. The motion was brought forward to discharge a duty which he owed to his constituents, to satisfy his own conscience, and to afford that protection to the frontiers which they deserved, and to save the public money. If an uncommon degree of zeal was discovered in supporting the motion, it ought to be attributed to these, and no other motives.
The question will now soon be taken—if adopted, I shall be among those who rejoice; if rejected, among those who have always submitted with a proper degree of decency to the decision of the majority. But in any event, the public will know that we have asserted the sense of the people against standing armies, that we are anxious to defend the frontiers against their enemies, that we have recommended a system of economy and efficiency, instead of profusion and delay, that we have recommended a system calculated to produce victory and peace, instead of disgrace and war, and that we wish to rescue the government from the intoxication of the times, and all the apery of military establishments.
He said, he had been attentive to the arguments of the opposition, and they tend principally to four points. If neither of these positions be found tenable, the motion will certainly succeed; and that they are not tenable, is believed and will be shewn.
1st. It has been boldly asserted that the President is the author of the existing system.
2dly. They call in question the sincerity of our declarations in wishing to afford effectual protection to the frontiers.
3dly. They deny the competency of the militia.
4thly. The impolicy of reducing the establishment, when a treaty is expected.
In regard to the first, we deny that the President is the author of this plan for prosecuting the war, not having avowed explicitly himself that he is so, no document appearing to confirm that opinion, we are justified in attributing a system which appears to us ineffectual to his Secretary and not to him.
It is true that the Secretary is only a finger of his hand, and the intimate connection which must of necessity subsist between them, perhaps is the ground upon which the assertion has been made. The Secretaries are all equally near to the President, and if it be admitted that he is the author of this, he may with equal propriety be said to be the author of every system on general subjects which either of them have recommended.
Was he the author of the report on the fisheries? Was he the author of the plan for establishing the National Bank? It is known that he was not, and circumstances might be mentioned (which are withheld from delicacy) to confirm this opinion.
Was he the author of the funding system? Some Gentlemen in the opposition to this motion, would not be willing to give the President that credit if he claimed it, and some who support this motion would not only be sorry that the President had even claimed such a credit, but believe that it was in no respect attributable to him. The same gentleman (Mr. Wadsworth) who first asserted that the President was the author of this military plan, in the same speech admitted it to be the war, as well as the plan of the House, and then argued on the necessity of stability in our measures. It is not very material to the present question whose plan it is, being a public measure we are justified in offering our objections to it, and this is the first time that I have heard it publicly asserted that a government should persevere in an error, because they had undertaken it. If the plan be a good one, it may be supported by reason; if a bad one, no name ought to be called in to prop it up.
The inconsistency of that gentleman's (Mr. Wadsworth) arguments not only supports the motion before the committee, but shews the wretched shifts which have been used to defeat it.
It has been said in the course of the debate, that individual members, and even this House, are incompetent to decide upon the efficacy or inefficacy of military plans. In answer to this it may be said that if we are not all Generals, we are all members, and have the privilege of thinking for ourselves & constituents. To admit this doctrine in the latitude which has been expressed, would be to introduce military ideas indeed; it would be to make Soldiers of us, instead of Legislators: nay worse than that, it would be to revive the exploded doctrines of passive obedience and non resistance.
In regard to the sincerity of his intentions to afford effectual protection to the frontiers, Mr. Steele said that he had been sufficiently explicit, that a feeling for the sufferers had dictated this motion; that he was sorry it had been whispered in the ears of some of the members that it was intended to withhold the necessary appropriations, and divert them to other purposes.
If two regiments were insufficient to garrison all the posts necessary for defence, he would even under certain restrictions, consent to continue the three sub-legions, thereby enabling the President to establish double the number of posts now erected if he should deem it advisable. Regular troops being incapable of active expeditions against Indians in the wilderness, his wish was to abandon that system, and confine them entirely to the garrison.
The next objection to the motion is the incompetency of the militia, and to support this opinion the gentleman from Connecticut (Mr. Wadsworth) has made this expression, "that as to the expedition under General St. Clair, the regulars were few, and not to be named when compared with the number of the militia." The truth is there was not a man engaged that day as a militia man, except the advance guard commanded by Colonel Oldham, which consisted of about 300, perhaps a few more, the field return of the days preceding the action being in the war office, this can be ascertained with precision. The balance of the army on that unfortunate day, had been enlisted as regulars, even clothed as regulars, were fought as regulars, and poor fellows, died like regulars. They suffered the fate which awaits every regular army destined for similar expeditions. Even the handful of militia employed that day, did not deserve that name, they were chiefly substitutes for draughted men from the ceded territory. This draught became unavoidable, from a misfortune to General Sevier, which Mr. Steele related.
The attack on Major Adair has also been mentioned as a proof of the incompetency of militia and Mr. Steele insisted that the only inference which could be drawn from thence was, that 100 militia were able to repel, but not destroy near 200 Indians. This event he conceived was in favor, and not against his motion.

He next adverted to the arguments of Mr. Wadsworth, in regard to the war of 1762; of the establishment of posts in Pennsylvania and Virginia, and of the success of Colonel Bouquet's expedition. If two worn-out regiments at that time were sufficient to defend the frontiers, and with the aid of the militia, to terminate the war, two new regiments, in them all the vigour which the gentleman described to now possess, with the aid of established posts, and a much more effective militia, can certainly be equal to the same end. After examining Mr. W.'s arguments for some time, Mr. Steele said, that when analyzed, it would be found, that they proved more than they were intended to prove; but the merits of this motion did not require that he should take advantage of these indiscretions.
He shewed from the history of 1762, that tho' posts were established, with a handful of regular troops in each, they never answered the purpose of effectual protection; but the frontier people were always obliged, in a great degree, to defend themselves; that they were best calculated for that service, and that they would perform it now with alacrity and success, if well rewarded.
[Concluded in our next.]
MONDAY, January 28.
On motion of Mr. Findley, the House in committee of the whole, took up the motion made some days ago by Mr. Hariley, for giving seven years half pay, or some adequate provision to the widows and orphans of the officers, &c. who have been killed, whilst in the service of the United States since June 1784, or who shall hereafter be killed. After some time spent in the consideration of this subject, the committee rose and reported progress, and the House adjourned.
TUESDAY, January 29.
A report was made by Mr. Jentou from the committee on the petition of Robert Eden, a Yorkshire farmer, who gave security at New-York for duties on live stock by him imported, but prays to be excused from the payment thereof, alledging, that several of his countrymen may be induced to migrate to America with their stock of cattle, &c. if they shall meet with reasonable encouragement. This report was ordered to lie on the table.
The bill for regulating foreign gold and silver coins and for other purposes, being one of the orders of the day, was taken up in committee of the whole, and sundry amendments made thereto. The committee rose and reported the same, and it was taken up for consideration in the House, and the amendments agreed to. The bill passed to the Senate.
A message from the President of the United States was received last Monday, communicating to the House a statement of the expenditures, to the end of 1792, from the sum of 10,000 dollars appropriated for contingent expenses. Also a supplementary arrangement respecting the district of the state of N. Carolina, in relation to the act laying duties on distilled spirits.
WEDNESDAY, January 30.
On motion of Mr. Greenup, the representation of the General Assembly of Kentucky, was taken up for a second reading. It relates to a claim of 47,457 dollars, expended in sundry expeditions made by that state against the hostile Indians since the first of January, 1785. Ordered to be referred to the committee of the whole on the state of the union.
A representation of the Printers and Booksellers of Philadelphia, praying that the impost duties on three certain kinds of paper commonly used in printing, may be taken off, as a sufficient quantity cannot be procured from the Paper-makers in this country. This was referred to the same committee, to whom was referred the petition of Isaiah Thomas of Worcester, viz. Messrs. B. Bourne, Gordon and Moore.
The House went into committee of the whole, Mr. Steele in the chair, on the bill to promote the progress of useful arts, and made several amendments thereto—the committee rose, reported progress, and had leave to sit again.
THURSDAY, January 31.
Several petitions were presented, read and referred.
A bill was reported by Mr. Grove from the committee on the claim of Emanuel Lutherlow for his expenses in coming to America in 1779, to join the American army, which was by consent read a second time and referred to a committee of the whole tomorrow.
Mr. Hillhouse called up the report of the Secretary of the Treasury on the petition of Jacob Ball, Captain of the Schooner Ball, praying to be allowed a drawback on goods exported at New-York, which the collector of that port refused to allow, of which opinion the Secretary of the Treasury confirms; ordered to be referred to a committee of the whole on Tuesday next.
The House then resolved itself into a committee of the whole, Mr. Steele in the chair, on the bill for encouraging and promoting useful arts, and having gone through the same, and made several amendments which were reported to the House: the bill to lie on the table.
A message from the Senate with an amendment to the bill for regulating coins, and for other purposes—also informing, that a letter, directed to the President of Congress, was read this morning in the Senate, which they now sent to the House of Representatives; this was a letter written from France by Mons. le Brune, Minister for Foreign Affairs, in relation to pay of an officer who had served in the A-
merican armies, and whose executors, since his decease had applied to the agent of the United States resident in France, but were informed that he had no funds to discharge the claim, &c. therefore requesting relief in the premises.
DUBLIN. TO THE PRESBYTERIANS OF THE PROVINCE OF ULSTER.
Good People, H OW long will the men of Ulster be duped by those who enslave them? How long will they bend their necks to the yoke, when will they know their disorder, and dare to demand the cure? Are ye free or are ye slaves? What is slavery?—It is to be taxed, where men are not represented: Are ye taxed?—Yes. Are ye represented? No!—Are ye then free? Is the Commons-House chosen as it ought to be? It contains 300 Members; how many are chosen by the people? At the utmost about 80; who chose the remainder? Oily Borough-mongers, and men who tax you; the consequence of this system is; you are taxed to pay Placemen, taxed for German Generals, taxed for Prostitutes, taxed for tythes, taxed to bribe those who restrict your commerce and manufactures, even taxed to bribe the very men who vote away your money in taxes—this is your disorder; what is your cure?—A Reformation in the Commons House of Parliament, and then these grievous taxes and unjust tythes will all cease; your commerce and manufactures flourish; and the people be respected as they ought: But how is this reform to be obtained? This sovereign and only remedy, that would at once raise every Irishman to the rank of a freeman? Nothing more easy: It is only to ask and ye shall receive: Will ye tell me ye did ask before and were refused? I deny it—a small part of the nation asked, and ye were therefore refused: Unite together as Irishmen, and demand it with one voice, and you will receive it the moment that Parliament meets; who are they that tell you not to unite as Irishmen, because there are (as always will be) distinctions in religion?—Have you your senses?—Do ye not perceive the imposition? Ye are told this by Bishops, who recoil in tythes the sweat of your brow; by being in Parliament, who tax you for themselves, first, for their dependents, next, and then for every other wicked job; by men possessing the whole power of the nation in revenue—in law—in army—in church and state—in a word, by that Protestant ascendancy which you are taxed to support—these are the men who tell you, as if ye were fools, 'tis good for you to bear it; they and their connections, their followers, their dependants, and those who expect to be provided for out of new taxes, which they will force upon you yet, they tell you this, and will ye believe them? Consider the amount of the taxes that must be levied upon you to support one family and their connections; observe one of them at the head of the revenue—his son counsel to the Commissioners—another taster of wines—his daughter married to the head of the Treasury—his noble relation by adoption and connexion, at the head of the law—his brother a bishop in the high road to the premacy, the head of the church: Say nothing of the job near the Custom-House, by which somebody, it is said, will get 1000l. at a stroke; ask yourselves what taxes must be levied on you to support this junto, and the various places they give to their dependants! Do you believe the whole amounts to 100,000l. hard money every year? More likely to 200,000l. that is about 550l. every day, to be raised on the poor for one family, to vote against your trade and Liberty. Who pays this? the people of Ireland: who vote it? A parliament, where the people are not represented; and where, if they were represented, it would not be voted. Who encourage divisions among the people, and who urge the Presbyterians to quarrel with the Catholics? Those very men and their dependants who thus fleece both, tax them, and tythe them, and with to set them by the ears, that they may continue their depredations: are there any Peep of day Boys, violent & ready to attack the Catholics in the county of Down—in what part? About Castlewellan; whose estate is Castlewellan? The nephew of the Beresfords. Are the Catholics threatened in the South? Yes, at Limerick; by resolutions passed in presence of the Chancellor, another of that family: the Catholics are there threatened with a revival of religious animosities if they dare assert the right of the subject to petition; are they attacked at Louth? yes! by whom? another placeman, the Speaker!—and for assembling as patrons, as had been the custom from time immemorial, the army is brought on the poor people, not the day before, or early in the morning, to prevent their meeting, but in the evening, when the people are warm with liquor, and when resistance may furnish a pretext for military executions; and why all this? Because they think the Catholics are disposed to join you, if you call upon them, in demanding a reform of Parliament; but they mean to go farther, they wish to break down the spirit of every Irishman; they begin with the friendless Catholic, they will then in turn attack the Presbyterian and bend his neck to the yoke, then you will lament your foolish quarrels, when it is too late; can you be longer blind? Can you not see that they are taxers and oppressors, and Tythe-gatherers, who desire you to quarrel with the Catholics—because they are afraid they will be our friends, and you would, when joined by them, be irresistible, and those monopolists dare no longer oppress you.
There is one mode of considering this question, that must convince every honest man. Who re-
commended union and Reform? Mr. Fox, Mr. Gray, Mr. Francis, Mr. Elkin, and all other Friends of the People, in England; Mr. Grattan, Mr. Forbes, John O'Neal, Mr. Curran, Arthur Brown, Mr. Butler, Hamilton, Rowan, Mr. Tanby, Lord Moira, Colonel Sharman, Major Crawford, the Rev. Mr. Tighe, Doctor Dickson, the Rev. Messrs. Black, Keirburn, Birch, Barber, in our own country; who oppose it? The Beresfords, Lord Annesly, Sir Boyle Roche: Sheriffs appointed by the junto to pack and drill Grand Jurors of placemen pensioners; and all those who share the spoils of the people.
Shall we look to the House of Commons, to Mr. Grattan, who devotes his life to the people? Hear him declare "that The Irish Protestant will never be free while the Catholic is a slave ." Will you believe him? have you confidence in sincerity? if not, you may listen to that renowned Knight and Orator, Sir Boyle Balderdash, who with equal eloquence and honesty, will endeavour to stir up petty little quibbles, and while this system of tyranny and plunder continues, he will join Lord Annesly, to insult the Catholics; and the Chancellor, who, while he reviles the presbyterians, would vote to butcher them both, for the addition of one Guinea to his bribe: let us then look to America, where they have no avaricious Farmers of Revenue, fearful of losing their job, where every persuasion pays its own peace-making clergy; and all are in harmony. Let distinctions be forgot, unite with all men of Ireland, remember only that you have a common interest not to pay useless and oppressive taxes to bribe the men that oppress you all: or tythes to pastors who never instruct you. Try the blessings that will follow union, and trust me, you will in one single session, and that if you please the very next, put an end to corrupt taxes, under which the Presbyterian and Catholic equally groan.
I am your real Friend,
COMMON SENSE.
UNITED STATES.
BOSTON, January 16.
The French are not entitled to the credit of inventors of the appellation of "Citizen."—It is, as Liberty is, of American birth. Four years since, the President of the United States addressed Congress by the endearing name of "Fellow Citizens of the Senate, and of the House of Representatives."
A correspondent congratulates his countrymen that the congressional sword of investigation is tempered with pure American steel—God grant it success, and let all the people say Amen. The toast of the day is, Citizen Steele, the independent investigator of the War Department.
DIRECT FROM FRANCE.
Extract of a letter from a Citizen, dated L'Orient, 19th of October 1792, to the Editor.
"The Spaniards are making every preparation for war, the French anxiously wishing a declaration of it. If the wind will permit we shall sail this day for Bordeaux, from which place, should any thing of a public nature transpire, we will inform you by the earliest opportunity."
NEW-YORK, January 29.
Extract of a letter from L'Orient, dated Nov. 24, to a gentleman in this city.
"OSTEND, BRUGES, GHENT & BRUSSELS are taken by Dumourier's army. The French have, at the siege of Mons, killed 4000 Austrians—taken 1500 prisoners; and an immense quantity of provisions and stores was found in that place."
PHILADELPHIA, January 29.
Captain Robert Lusk, of the ship Elizabeth, belonging to Greenock, in Scotland, arrived here on Monday evening from Salo, in Spain, which place he left the 1st day of December; he informs, that the Spaniards were in great consternation, upon hearing that the combined armies were obliged to retreat; that they were collecting all their troops from the interior garrisons, in order to fortify their frontier on the part of France.
Extract of a letter from New-Port, Rhode-Island, January 16.
"The affairs of France engross the attention of all our politicians. The Aristocrats (for even such vermin we are plagued with) sing small; but they console themselves in supposing that in the spring wonders are to be performed; such combinations (say they) such Generals, such armies, &c. &c. the world never yet produced, as will then unitedly attack the infatuated French! Such divisions will then or even before take place in their wretched councils, as will shake their fancied republic to the very centre! They may for a while, form entrenchments, take cities, raise contributions, equalize the people, exalt the standard of liberty, &c. but the time is fast rolling on, when they must answer for such rash and mobocratical steps! On the other hand our true whigs, or if you please, the whigs of 75 and 76, are sanguine that monarchy, the scourge of man, is nearly at an end, that in a few years crowns and sceptres will be viewed as useless rubbish, hereditary successions spurned at, and that even Tom Paine (the Staymaker) may yet be President of Great-Britain! Every aristocrat is in my opinion a tory in heart, and they who do not rejoice at the glorious successes of our Gallic brethren, are no friends to American Liberty, whatever may be their pretensions."
A correspondent informs us, that it is the intention of some of the governmental gentry in England,

to have the following changes made by acts of Parliament, which will prevent the people (when they feel their own strength) from rising in bodies, and doing it for themselves, as they have done in France.
1. A reform in the representation of Parliament, so as to make it equal,—And, then 2. To repeal or alter the game acts, or, at least, to take off the penalty and the transportation part. 3. To repeal the test laws, so as that the members of all the different religious societies be on an equal footing with those of the established church. 4. An alteration of the tythe acts. 5. An act to extend equal benefits to their fellow subjects in Ireland and in Scotland, &c. equal to those enjoyed by Englishmen, as well as to representation and taxation, as also to trade and commerce. 6. An act to prohibit the slave trade. 7. An act to reduce the number of placemen. 8. An act to lower all salaries. 9. An act laying the East India trade open, and no longer to be held by a company,—Monopolies being disgraceful in a free country. 10. An act to appropriate the income of the Duchy of Cornwall, [which the King now holds] towards the reduction of the national debt. 11. An act to dispose of all the crown lands, &c. in small parcels to farmers, that they may be cultivated. And the monies arising from such sales to be applied towards the discharge of the national debt. 12. An act making a thorough alteration in the land tax laws, so that they be no longer taxed by the old custom from Doomsday Book, but that every estate should pay a tax in proportion to its annual value. 13. An act to lower the land tax, the duties and excises, &c.
BALTIMORE, February 5.
EASTERN MAIL ROBBED.
Yesterday morning, at half past 4 o'clock, about two miles from this town, the Post-Boy carrying the Eastern Mail, was stopped by a slender, well dressed, armed man, about five feet ten inches high, with a round hat and a dark great coat, who ordered him to light or he would blow his brains out; on which the boy got off the horse, and was to go on; the fellow mounted, and rode towards town until he came to the road which leads to Mr. Andrew Van Bibber's place, when the boy lost sight of him. Soon after, a negro man, belonging to Mr. William Smith, ropemaker, going to work, espied the horse, and seeing that the traps which secured the portmanteau were cut off, followed the track a small distance, where he found the portmanteau cut open and some of the letters torn and scattered about. He immediately gave notice of this to the Post-Master, who speedily took measures for the detection of the perpetrator, but, hitherto, without effect.
Yesterday afternoon, a young man (said to be of respectable connexions) was taken up on suspicion of being the person who robbed the Eastern Mail, and examined by three Justices of the Peace, of this town. After examining a number of evidences, they ordered him to be committed.—We learn, that from the evidence given there are strong grounds of suspicion of his being the offender.
At Philadelphia, a report prevailed on Tuesday last, of disturbances in England. We have not heard the ground of it; but suppose it to originate from the rumour, some time since in circulation, of Mr. Pitt's intention to resign.
The despotic Princes all over Europe, look toward France, at present, as a brief looks at the execution of a brother in iniquity. "It is what we must all come to."
A London paper of November 8, says, a soldier was lately flogged for reading Paine's Rights of Man. This had an effect nearly similar with the proclamation; it rendered all his comrades anxious to see the book, and may inspire some of them with the erroneous idea that they have a common cause with the oppressed peasantry of the country.
The country of Nice (lately taken by the French without, it is said, firing a shot) contains 200,000 inhabitants, 4 cities and 186 commonalities.
A Limerick paper, of November 17th, says "According to report, a Reform in Parliament is to be one of the first measures of the Minister in the ensuing sessions—the friends of the measure say, in this he wishes to make virtue of necessity."
GEORGE-TOWN, January 26.
FAYETTE. —We have important reasons to believe, that one of the articles agreed upon by the French commissioners now employed in the negotiation at Longwi is the delivering up this unfortunate general
In this, and other similar persecutions of the Emigrants, we do not scruple to assert, that the French act an inconsistent and cruel part. If it be necessary to the happiness and prosperity of that empire, that it should be a republic, it ought not to be forgotten, that Fayette was principally instrumental in its becoming one.—Besides, there is very little doubt with those who knew the man, that Fayette was ever in his heart a republican. The truth is, he did not believe that the temper of the times was sufficiently ripe to vindicate so strong a measure. His republican principles were sufficiently evinced in his conduct throughout the American war.
ALEXANDRIA, Feb 7.
Extract of a letter from Lublin, received by the Brig
new, even to that Province.
The Roman Catholics are in almost open rebellion; I am confident, very soon we shall have some very serious business; hand-bills, under the signature of Paine, Common Sense, Rights of Man, America, &c. &c. are pasted up every morning in the most populous parts of the city. Even the Castle, House of Lords and Commons, and Courts of Justice, are not exempted, although you would think there is a soldier for every brick in those buildings, to watch the promoters, but in vain; walking through the city after dark, you may pick up hundreds of them.
"Government have ordered all the Irish troops away; one Regiment only (that of Irish Artillery) refused to march; they one and all said you may break us; but we will never forsake our country; more so, by reason you have drained our city of our friends and relatives; and in place of them given us English and Scotch."
"The guards on the Castle and Bank of Ireland are doubled."
MARTINSBURG, FEBRUARY 11.
Advices, from Savannah, (Georgia) of the 10th ultimo, say—We are authorised to inform the public, that James Seagrove, Esquire, Agent of Indian Affairs, for the Southern Department of the United States, held a conference in November last at Coltrain, on the river St. Mary, with a large body of Creek Indians, at which were present Kings and Chiefs from 21 of the principal towns in the Upper and Lower Creeks.
The Indians remained with the Agent 3 weeks, during which time every thing was conducted with great decorum. Many matters of importance to this country were then arranged, and all business between the United States and the Creeks put in an agreeable train.
"It was agreed, at this meeting, that all prisoners in the Creek land belonging to the United States, shall be immediately brought to the Agent, Indian Commissioners being appointed for that purpose. The boundary line from St. Mary's to the Alabamaha is now running by Mr. Ellicott the Surveyor of the United States, agreeable to treaty.—The line in the north-west frontier of this state will be completed next spring. A stop to be put to stealing of horses, or other property, by the Indians, from the frontiers. The Chiefs who were present did, in behalf of themselves and the whole of the Creek Nation, give the most unequivocal assurance that they would continue in peace and friendship with the United States; that they would not join any nation or tribe of Indians who are or may be at war with the United States; that should any of their young disorderly men be so imprudent as to join any tribes at war, the Nation would disown them and they must share the fate of the hostile tribes."
"Upon the whole of the business the Indians expressed an ardent desire of living in close friendship with this country."
"After settling all matters the Agent gave them a plentiful supply of provisions and cloathing, also distributed among them a quantity of farming utensils and mechanical tools, which together with 5000 bushels of corn, had been sent by the President of the United States from Philadelphia, for relieving the wants of those people. The crops of corn in the Nation having fallen very short the last season a great many of them will draw supplies from the public store on St. Mary's during this winter and the ensuing spring."
We are informed, that the Electors of the state of Kentucky, voted for George Washington and Thomas Jefferson, as President and Vice-President of the United States.
On the 13th of November, the subject of the Trial of Louis XVI. was brought on in the National Convention, by M. Pethion, who moved that the first question for the decision of the Convention, was—Whether the King could be tried at all: And the question being put Can the King be legally tried? —It passed UNANIMOUSLY.
A young woman by the name of Molly Culeigh, alias Cooley, who now resides at Saratoga Springs, was stolen by the Indians eleven years since, in some part of the United States, where she does not know. The printers on the western frontiers will oblige the unfortunate female, by giving this a place in their papers, that her relations may know where to find her.
The following unfortunate event took place a few days ago, near Middletown, Monmouth county, New Jersey. A young man from New-York, named Adams, went late in the evening with a companion, to a house where lived a girl to whom he paid his addresses. Finding the family asleep, they agreed to disturb the poultry house by way of giving a jocular alarm to the owner. Mr. Morrel, who was in bed in the dwelling-house, upon hearing the noise, got up, and suspecting thieves, instantly discharged a musket, loaded with heavy shot, towards the poultry house, and unfortunately shot Adams through the heart, who instantly expired. What rendered this accident still more affecting was, Adams being a suitor of Mr. Morrel's wife's sister.
Royalty seems determined to exhibit some tokens of pompous in America, as long as it has an inch of ground remaining. In some late transactions of the Assembly of Lower Canada, we are told of the Governor being seated on a throne under a canopy of state,
At the electing of Mayor for the city of Liverpool, in England, a great number of citizens, who title themselves "The Friends of Freedom," met, and entered into a variety of Resolutions, which if carried into prompt execution, must give a tone to the spirit of reform, that ministerial influence cannot withstand.
ORIGINAL ANECDOTE—founded on fact.
OLD SUE, who belonged to Mrs. B. near Shepherd's-Town, (after a considerable time of her life had passed in the humble duties of a slave) was roused by some of the loud, declamatory, preaching brothers.—Susan was fated like the rest of mortals, who find that troubles seldom come alone.—At the time that her mind was fermented by this high talk of her brothers, a sow who lodged close in the neighbourhood of her cabin, which had a very weak door, used to make (especially by night) frequent incursions into the dwelling of poor Sue, and do mischief intolerable.—Her dog, whenever the sow intruded, was called on—"billoo, getch! billoo, getch!"—But the conclusion will show how eventual matter confuses things.—Old Susan had been kept up the night before by depredations from the sow—the next evening she went to meeting in the Stone Church—the exhortation at first was low—natural causes will produce natural effects—Sue fell asleep—the brothers raised their voices—Sue snored—they hallowed louder—Sue awakened—forgot where she was, and actually thought the sow was forming her cabin.—She joined the general vociferation, with "billoo, getch! billoo, getch!" and clapped her hands in the face of the whole congregation.
James Graham,
MOST respectfully acquaints his Friends and the Public, that he has removed from the house he lately occupied, opposite the Sign of the Ship, to the RED HOUSE of Mr. Frederick Snyder's, (noted by a PUMP before the door) where he is now completely furnished in every respect, for the genteel entertainment of travelling and other Gentlemen.
Martinsburg, 6th February, 1793.
SWAN TAVERN. MARTINSBURG.
Will m . Craghill, jun.
HAVING removed into his house, lately occupied by Mr. JAMES GRAHAM, and furnished himself with every necessary supply, suitable for a Public House, now offers his services to such Gentlemen as may please to favour him with their commands; and assures them, that every possible attention shall be paid to entertain them agreeably, and every endeavour used to afford entire satisfaction.
Martinsburg, 6th February, 1793.
ONE DOLLAR REWARD.
RAN away from the Subscriber, living near Shepherd's-Town, a boy named JOHN REED, between sixteen and seventeen years old, rather under the common size of boys of his age, shews his fore teeth a little, and is rather hard favoured;—had on when he ran away a half-worn felt hat, a grey coating coat lined with crimson coloured durance, a waistcoat of a redish colour, his shirt of home-made linen, brown cloth overalls, white stockings, and shoes that had been half soled. I believe he has been persuaded away from me by some evil-disposed people, and therefore forewarn all such from harbouring or employing him, and will give One Dollar reward for securing him in any goal, or return him to me.
MARY DARKE.
January 26, 1793.
A JOURNEYMAN PRINTER.
Wanted immediately, by the Printer hereof, An industrious Journeyman Printer, To whom constant employ will be given. A stout young lad would be taken as an Apprentice.
FOR SALE, A GOOD DRAUGHT HORSE.
A L S O, Two Saddle Horses may be hired, either for journeys, or single day. Apply at the Printing-Office.
For Sale, at this Office, Blank Deeds of Bargain and Sale, Common Bonds and Notes, Lawyer's Declarations, &c. &c.

SEAT OF THE MUSES. THE NORTHERN HUNT. OR, BRUNSWICK'S BEAGLES.
A NEW SONG.
THE Nimrods of the North had among them- selves agreed, Sir! To let all their blood-hounds loose and make Gallic Freedom bleed, Sir! A huntsman bold, call'd Brunswick, was leader of the pack, Sir! Who vow'd by all the Gods, to lay Freedom on her back, Sir!
Bow, wow, wow, &c.
His whippers-in were Clairfait, Coubire and Ho- henloe, Sir! With Broglio and Conde—a fierce and fiery crew, Sir! His dogs were staunch and numerous, accustom'd to the chase, Sir! And furious to hunt Freedom down if they could but her trace, Sir!
Bow, wow, wow, &c.
Poor Freedom look'd around her, and saw with consternation, No friendly neighbour near her, to send her from prostration: In vain the look'd to England, in vain the look'd to Spain, Sir! In vain the look'd to Switzerland, to Holland look'd in vain, Sir!
Bow, wow, wow, &c.
Distress'd to heav'n the cry'd, Sir!—Kind heav'n was pleas'd to hear her, And rous'd her Gails to guard her life from dan- gers now so near her— Three hundred thousand arms at once, were rais'd to venge her cause, Sir! And snatch her from the yawning gapes of Brunf- wick's beagles jaws, Sir!
Bow, wow, wow, &c.
Mean while the Bully buccaneers advanc'd with hue and cry Sir! And swore, that all who took the part of Liberty should die, Sir; His curs, immur'd to slaughter, set up a hideous yell, Sir! They seem'd the whelps Cerberus, on purpose sent from hell, Sir!
Bow, wow, wow, &c.
Their yelps were heard at Longwy, their yelps were heard at Verdun, Where traitors dastardly exclaim'd: Helas! nous voici perdus? They threw themselves at Brunswick's feet and begg'd their lives he'd spare, Sir! Ignoble deed!—But woe's my heart! No friend had Freedom there, Sir!
Bow, wow, wow, &c.
Not so at Thionville and Lisle (immortal names in story,) True French-men there his threats defy—and pant for civic glory! In vain Sax Teufchen's dogs—and bitches—bark around the burning trenches; A hero, here, is ev'ry boy; a heroine, every wench is!
Bow, wow, wow, &c.
Not long these barkings ye shall hear, illustrious men of Flanders! For, lo! Dumouzier comes apace, with other brave commanders; Already, have the Prussian pack retreated in dis- order, With marks of shame upon their backs, from all the gallick border!
Bow, wow, wow, &c.
Wait but a week, & persevere, your city in defend- ing; Nor doubt to see of all your woes, a speedy, happy ending, Soon shall the puny Roman King be forc'd like old Porsenna, To call his blood-hounds back again to kennel at Vienna!
Bow, wow, wow, &c.
With scourge in hand, pursue the route of those in- vading ranters; And free from Austria's galling yoke the long en- slav'd Brabanters. So shall the Nimrods of the North be taught more moderation, And ne'er again let loose their hounds at any free born nation.
Bow, wow, wow, &c.
Mr. & Mrs. Jones,
From Anapolis, Proposes to open, on the first Monday in Febru- ary,
A Boarding School,
For the Improvement of YOUNG LADIES; and as they are Qualified by a very Liberal Education, they hope to acquire and retain the Encouragement of the Public.
In this School will be taught Reading, Writing and Arithmetic, Tambour and Dresden, English and French Embroidery, Drawing and Painting in Water Colours, Geography, Filegree and Riband work, plain and coloured Needle work of all kinds, INSTRUMENTAL MUSIC, Seed, Shell, and Pa- per Work, &c. &c.
Mr. JONES will also Teach, in a Separate House, a few YOUNG GENTLEMEN English Grammar, Reading Writing, Arithmetic and Book Keeping. —
Every requisite Attention will be paid to the Scholars with respect to their Morals and Con- duct.
For Terms apply to the Subscribers living in the House formerly occupied by Mr. Riddle.
Elizabeth (Hager's) Town, January 18, 1793.
SIX PENCE REWARD.
RAN away from the Subscriber, an apprentice boy, by the name of MICHAEL BURK. Who- ever returns the said runaway to me, shall be en- titled to the above reward, but receive no thanks.
JOHN RICHARDSON.
Shepherd's Town, Jan. 24, 1793.
ALL Persons indebted to the Estate of
George Stewart deceased, are requested to settle their respective balances against March Court next ensu- ing; those who do not may expect to be dealt with as the law directs, without discrimination of per- sons:—And all those having any demands against said Estate, are desired to bring in their accounts, properly attested, that they may be settled on Mon- day the 25th day of March next, at the house where- in Mr. Joseph Lemen now lives, in Middletown, which said house, formerly occupied as a tavern, is to be rented or sold, and possession given the first day of April next ensuing.
HUGH STEWART, } Executors. JOHN GRAY. }
January 16th, 1793.
TAKEN up by the Subscriber, living near Keepry's Furnace, a small bay MARE, with her sucking Colt—the Mare is shod all round, no brand, supposed about nine years old. She has been poled and appraised according to law. The owner is desired to prove his property, pay charges, and take her away.
WILLIAM MERRIT.
Berkeley County, January 14, 1793.
N O T I C E.
WHEREAS on the 2d instant, I gave a promissary Note to William Vanborne, of this county for the sum of twenty pounds, currency, one half of which sum payable the last of April next, the other half in September following, which Note was given in consideration for a horse purchased of said Van- borne, but as the said horse did not prove sound and free from defect, agreeable to the terms of the con- tract, I hereby forewarn all persons from taking an assignment on said Note, as I am determined not to pay it, unless compelled by law.
ANDREW MCCORMICK.
Berkeley, January 12, 1793. 3m.
To be RENTED for three years, That well-known, commodious
T A V E R N, Belonging to the Subscriber, situated in the centre of MARTINSBURG.
This House, for situation and convenience, is not equalled by any one in the place for public business. For terms, apply to
ALEXANDER ROGERS.
P. S. All Persons indebted to him, are desired to settle their accounts, if they do not pay. Those who do not comply with this request, may depend on having their accounts put in suit at the next February court.
November 19, 1792.
Subscriptions for this paper, at Two Dollars per annum, free of postage, are received at Winchester, by Capt. JOHN BRADY.
ALEXANDRIA, January 18, 1793. The Subscriber has just opened, A HOUSE OF ENTERTAINMENT, IN that noted and commodious Dwelling, lately occupied by Mr. JOHN WISE. He has supplied himself with a most excellent Cook, who was for many years employed as such by the President of the United States—has engaged two very complete Waiters—two active and smart hostlers—has been very particular in the choice of his liquors and se- lecting his provisions of every kind; and as he is determined to pay the strictest attention to his bu- siness, he flatters himself that those who may be pleased to favour him with their custom, will not find themselves disappointed at the usage they shall meet with.
JOHN ABERT.
N. B. An honest, sober and diligent young man, who can come well recommended, is wanted at said place, to act as a Bar-keeper.
At a Court continued and held for Berkeley Coun- ty, the 22d day of November, 1792.
IN CHANCERY.
John Potts, eldest son and heir at law, } Complts. and Elizabeth Potts, daughter and legatee of Jonas Potts, dec. }
Against
George Beeler, administrator, &c. of } William Vestall, dec. who was ad- } ministrator of John Vestall, dec. } who was executor of Jonas Potts, } dec. and William Vestall, eldest } Defts. son and heir at law of the said Wil- } iam Vestall, dec. who was eldest } son and heir at law of the said John } Vestall, dec.
THE defendant Beeler, not having entered his appearance, agreeable to an Act of Assembly, and according to the rules of this Court, and it appearing to the satisfaction of the Court, that he is not an inhabitant of this country, on the motion of the complainants, by their counsel—It is ordered, that the said defendant Beeler do appear here, on the third Tuesday in March next, and answer the bill of the complain- ants—and that a copy of this order be forthwith published in the Virginia Gazette, for two months successively, and publ'ed at the church door in the parish of Norborne, on some Sunday immediately after divine service, and also at the door of the Court-house of the said County.
A copy. Teste,
MOSES HUNTER, c. c.
LANDS FOR LANDS.
TO BE DISPOSED OF,
FOUR Hundred Acres of Land, (called MAHON'S) lying on Baff-broe-creek, Monongalia County, upon which there are upwards of 40 acres of the best meadow, a good mill seat and spring, and the land equal to any on the Western waters.
Three Hundred and eighty-four acres adjoining, below, on same creek, a large proportion of mead- ow, and a good spring, the upland equal, which is held by settlement-right, and a general warrantee will be given.
One Thousand Acres on the Dunkard-mill run, a branch of said creek, held by preemption-right, of equal quality to the above, and the same warrantee will be given, all lying from 14 to 25 miles from Morgan-Town, and from 3 to 11 miles from Mo- nongalia river—the State road from Morgan-Town to the little Kenhawa passes near or through the said land.
One Thousand Acres on Bingerma's creek, held by preemption-right, a great proportion of mead- ow, and well-watered, which lies in the same county, the upland of good quality, about 10 miles far- ther from Morgan-Town.
One thousand acres on the little Kenhawa, about 14 miles from the mouth of said river, held by an old location on treasury-warrant, the land also ve- ry rich.
Any property in the counties of Berkeley or Frederick, negroes, or good bonds, will be taken in payment.
DAVID GRAY.
Berkeley, April 25, 1792. 12m.
FOR SALE,
449 Acres of LAND, lying on New- Creek, in Hampshire County, within 2 1/2 miles of Potowmac River, 200 acres of which land are tilla- ble, 50 acres are cleared and under fence, 4 or 5 acres are in good meadow, and much more may be added. The land is thin, but valuable, being con- venient to navigation, which is daily improving— boats now load at the mouth of New-Creek. A ge- neral warrantee will be given the purchaser.
For terms, apply to THOMAS WHITTAKER, near Charles Town.
Sept. 14, 1792. 1f.
The Subscribers for this Paper in the vicinity of Winchester, are informed, that their Papers are lodged every Tuesday evening, at Capt. John Brady's.