Norfolk gazette and publick ledger (Norfolk [Va.]), 1806-02-10 00:00:00

THE PUBLICK LEDGER.
TO SHEW THE VERY AGE AND BODY OF THE TIME, HIS FORM AND PRESSURE.
MONDAY EVENING, FEBRUARY 10, 1806.
We conclude this day, the remarks from Cobbett's register, with the observations of the National Intelligencer, upon which latter it was our intention to have offered some comments, but the importance of the subject leading us into a more copious discussion, than we could prepare for this day's paper, they are postponed.
William and Mary College Lottery.
TWENTIETH DAY.
No. 1181, Prize of 500 Dollars.
Prizes of 15 Dollars.
Nos. — 66 231 598 649 5026 5455 5950 5030 6982 5473 4123 4641 2913 1313 7403 5635 7687 3586 5532 3222 5248 1650 4381 2637 2150 2569 6321 4526 4701 5695 5057 7263 4346 7321 1091 1562 1561 6083 4994 1337 2848.
The following extract is from the speech of Governor Strong to the Legislature of Massachusetts, and contains some political truths, deserving serious consideration.
"The constitution makes it the duty of the legislature, frequently to assemble for the redress of grievances, and for correcting, strengthening, and confirming the laws, and for making new laws as the common good may require. The several objects I have no doubt, will receive your attention. If any of the existing laws are found to be oppressive or injurious in their effects, they will be altered or repealed; if any fail to answer the intended purpose, you will correct and amend them; and if useful regulations are not observed, or the design of the legislature which established them is eluded, you will adopt such measures as shall tend to give them strength and efficacy; and you will also enact such additional laws, as the general interest of the state, or the accommodation of particular corporate bodies or individuals may require."
"It is possible, however, that in a government like ours, where the acts and resolves of the legislature are sometimes passed with great facility and expedition, the laws may be too numerous, and be extended to cases too minute and particular. The unnecessary interference of government with the private concerns of the people, will always be a source of mischief; their understanding is competent to the direction of their own affairs, and when left left to itself will generally lead them to measures the most beneficial both to themselves and to others."
"Frequent alterations of the law are likewise attended with inconvenience, as they sometimes produce effects which were not foreseen, and occasion greater evils than they were designed to remedy. They tend to weaken the government, by diminishing the confidence of the people in the stability of its councils; for uniform measures alone can preserve its reputation, or procure durable advantages to the state. It is of importance too, that the laws should be understood by the citizens; but if they are often changed, they will not be understood, nor indeed will their real tendency be always known; the most judicious plans of improvement may require a number of years to produce their beneficial effects, and the want of consistency in the measures of government would defeat the purposes which they are intended to accomplish. It would therefore be unwise to substitute new and opposite systems, until experience has proved, those which are already in use are manifestly inconvenient."
But changes in the constitution of government are more injurious than in the system of laws; even a small innovation may destroy its principles. The framers of the national constitution had before them, not only the forms which had been preferred by the several states, but those also which before that time had been devised in other ages and nations; and though the repeated experiments which have since taken place in Europe, may suggest matter for warning, they afford nothing for imitation. If notwithstanding, it is found by experience, that the constitution operates very unequally, or the construction of any part is doubtful, amendments may be necessary to alter or to explain it. But it is vain to expect that all will be satisfied.—Free governments admit of an endless variety of modifications, and the opinions entertained of their respective merits are equally various. When the constitution was established, perhaps no man that became subject to it, was perfectly pleased with every part. It was the result of mutual concession, and such indeed must always be the case when a form of government is voluntarily accepted by a community."
Almost every nation, at some period of their existence, have enjoyed the privileges of a free state; but how few have preserved them!—they have been lost by the inconsistency of the citizens, or forfeited by their vices. In many republics, repeated variations in the modes of the government have taken place, as different parties happened to predominate, until the people became weary of changes, and preferred the quiet of absolute power, to the tumults of perpetual revolution. In the minds of some men, there seems to be a restlessness which renders them dissatisfied with any uniform course of things, and makes them eager in the pursuit of novelty; they abound in projects, and are meditating some fanciful change in the plan of government, which their imagination represents as useful. But men of great ambition are still more dangerous; they commonly make the fairest pretences to principle, though they are actuated only by self-interest. If the constitution or laws of their country present obstacles to the accomplishment of their wishes, they employ every artifice to alter or abolish them; and if individuals oppose their attempts, they are equally artful and solicitous to destroy their influence, and render them odious to their fellow-citizens."
"Few men, even in a prosperous community, are fully satisfied with their condition; a great part are easily induced to believe, that there is something wrong in government or laws which might be rectified to their advantage; they therefore embrace any specious proposal to effect an alteration. The crafty and ambitious know how to avail themselves of this disposition to change, and encourage their followers to expect, that the amendments they propose will perfectly suit their case and produce the very blessings they wish; in this way, they not only effect their immediate object, but acquire an influence which enables them afterwards to accomplish the most destructive innovation. Such persons encourage hopes that can never be realized, and excite complaints which the most wise and benevolent administration is unable to remove."
"Indeed, we are generally apt to ascribe too much to the efficacy of laws and government, as if they alone could secure the happiness of the people; but no laws will be sufficient to counteract the influence of manners which are corrupted by vice and voluptuousness; and it is beyond the power of any government, to render the circumstances of the citizen easy and prosperous, if they want the habits of in-
dustry and frugality. Government is necessary to preserve the publick peace, and protect the persons and property of individuals; but our social happiness must chiefly depend upon other causes; upon simplicity and purity of manners; upon the education that we give our children; upon a steady adherence to the customs and institutions of our ancestors; upon the general diffusion of knowledge and the prevalence of piety and benevolent affections among the people."
"Our forms of government, are doubtless like all other human institutions, imperfect, but they will insure the blessings of freedom to the citizens, and preserve their tranquility as long as they are virtuous; and no constitution that has been, or can be formed, will secure those blessings to a depraved and vicious people."
"The unanimity which appeared in both branches of the legislature, when a proposed amendment to the national constitution was disapproved by you at the last session, may seem to render these remarks superfluous; but as the constitution of this state does not require that such amendments should be laid before the executive for approbation, and as other questions of this kind are likely to arise, I trust there is no impropriety in suggesting these reflections, or in adding my testimony in favour of the principles you adopt, in the instance to which I refer."
"You, gentlemen, I presume, will do all in your power, to preserve and perpetuate the advantages enjoyed by our fellow-citizens; by supporting the good order of society, and increasing the influence of virtuous manners; and by cherishing schools and seminaries of learning, where our youth may be instructed in the rights and benefits of equal government, and strengthened in their abilities to assert and preserve them. As the university of Harvard college is placed by the constitution under the peculiar patronage of government; and as it is made the special duty of the legislature and magistrates of the state, at all times to cherish it, you will, in a peculiar manner be disposed to afford that institution such encouragement and support as its circumstances may render necessary."
"The spirit of candour and of mutual deference which were manifested in both houses at your former session, afford the best assurance, that your views will continue to be directed to the common good. If from the state of the publick mind, there is a danger of the impulse of party spirit, you will be convinced, that every unnecessary dispute, which would have a tendency to inflame that passion, should be avoided; and I hope and trust, that such proofs of justice and impartiality will appear in all your measures, as the most dissatisfied will be forced to respect."
FROM THE NATIONAL INTELLIGENCER.
CORBETT'S REMARKS ON THE DISPUTE WITH AMERICA—Concluded.
The case of the ship Essex, was, as far as I recollect, not the first by several, on which the argument whereon that case was decided, had been urged; though, perhaps, it might be the first, in which, upon a full disclosure of all the circumstances the point came simply to issue. This observation is very material, and should be borne in mind with the greater care, as the writer above seems to have been solicitous to rest much of his claim upon novelty, (considered as to latter times) of the principle, upon which the case was decided, and upon the alleged injustice of taking the Americans by surprise.—The point is this: whether the securing by bond (not the actual paying) of the municipal duties in America should be considered as making a complete interruption of the voyage from the colony of the enemy to Europe; and should, of course, be considered as the commencement of a new voyage from America to Europe. The reason why this became a point of great importance to the reader will easily perceive, when he recollects, that were we not to exercise our right of seizing enemy's produce coming from their colonies to Europe, the whole of their maritime colonial concerns would, in time of war, be carried on in perfect safety, by the intervention of neutrals, and that thus, our superiority at sea, would be deprived of one of its greatest advantages; and, when he further recollects, that the mere entrance of, or even re-shipment in an American port, were it allowed to give protection to the produce of the enemy, would but in a small degree diminish the injury, which we should sustain from the colonial concerns of the enemy being carried on by such intervention.—The duty (on sugar, for instance), in such cases imposed in the American ports, is equal to about one-sixth of the value of the commodity, or let us call it, sixteen and a half per centum. For that amount, a bond only is given; and, upon a certificate being, at a subsequent time, produced, that the merchandise has been landed in an European port, the bond is cancelled, upon the payment of three and a half per centum, not upon the value of the article, but upon the amount of the duty; a mere trifle; no object at all with the owner of the cargo; and, of course, not by any means sufficient to check the collusive practice of thus conveying the produce of the enemy safely to their ports in Europe, under the protection of the American flag.—
The Americans do not (and indeed they cannot have the confidence to do it) represent it as new, that a voyage directly from the enemy's colonies to Europe should be considered as illegal. It was so considered all last war, and that too, in his majesty's publick instructions to his cruisers. It was maintained by all those in America, who defended the treaty of 1794; and, after a discussion the most ample that any question ever underwent, our right of seizure in such cases, was sanctioned by the decision of all the three branches of the American government.—Full as little, unless from their inexperience as a new nation indeed, can they consider it as new, that a re-shipment of the same goods, on board the same vessel, after going into port to repair, or to sell a part of her cargo, or any similar purpose, which does not clearly show a design of ending the voyage there; or a trans-shipment of them into another ship, for the purpose of carrying them to their original destination, in prosecuting of the original expedition; full as little can they consider it as new, that none of these transactions should be allowed to prevent the voyage to Europe or America from being considered as a continuation of the first voyage, and should be so adjudged, and a second, a separate, a distinct, and independent voyage. The proposition can hardly be stated in terms that do not, at a glance, demonstrate the absurdity of a contrary doctrine. The only dispute, therefore, must turn, in every case, on the nature of the re-shipment, or trans-shipment; whether in reality, it was, or was not, in prosecution of the original expedition. And this of course, must, in every case, be a question of fact. Now, America must either contend, that the bringing of the West India produce to America (to the Southern States, perhaps, hardly out of the direct tract to Europe,) landing and weighing it for the purpose of ascertaining the amount of the duties and sometimes not landing it all, giving a bond, putting the goods on board the same ship or another kept ready to receive them, and then sailing away in a few days to an European port, to which the vessel could not, in consequence of our acknowledged right of seizure, have gone at once from the colony where she took in the cargo; either America must contend that all this clearly shows that the voyage to Europe was not in prosecution of an intention which existed, when the vessel took in her cargo in the W. Indies, an inference from the facts which no man of common sense could hear with a grave countenance, unless of indignation, at the insult attempted to be put on
him: or, she must in reality advance a claim, that her municipal laws shall, whenever her interests are concerned, over-rule the law of nations, and in every other case, as well as in this, be an impassable bar to elude all inquiry into facts; a pretension which, however arrogantly advanced by some of her newspaper politicians, will hardly be openly urged by any person calling himself a statesman; or, finally, she must remount to her old ground of denying altogether our right to interrupt her intercourse with the colonies of our enemies, let what will be the manner or the extent, in which she chooses to carry on such an intercourse; a controversy, which, whenever and wherever it be revived, will, it may with confidence be predicted, terminate but very little to the honour of those, by whom the rights of England shall be opposed.—This explanation will, it is presumed, give the reader a rather more correct notion of the junction of America, in the dispute, than the correspondent of the Morning Chronicle (for, I am almost certain that the article above quoted did not come from the pen of the gentleman who chiefly conducts that paper) has expressed. And as to the policy of enforcing our rights, or compromising them by compact, though the discussion of this question would involve too many opposite and difficult considerations for me to enter on it without much more reflection than I have at present time to bestow upon the subject; yet, as to the arguments, which this writer has incidentally advanced in favour of concession on our part, I can have, and I am of opinion the reader will have, no hesitation in rejecting them, and that, too, not without some small degree of disdain. What I shall be told, that—"our maritime strength does not so much depend on our power of seizure as on the freedom of our commerce?" A phrase, (this latter) which, if it mean any thing, means, that our utmost pretensions, as to commercial maritime rights should be confined to the buying and selling and carrying as much as we can; and, that we should interrupt nobody, so long as nobody interrupt us. Upon the Change this doctrine may do very well; but, if once adopted and acted upon by our government, it would in the space of two years of war, transfer every sailor, that could get or stay abroad, into the service of neutral states; would deprive us of one half of the use of our navy; would in a short time annihilate the navy itself; and (and so short-sighted is commercial avarice!) would bring swift ruin on our own merchants, supposing them not to be exposed to ruin in common with their defenceless country.—
"We ought not," says the writer, "either in justice or policy, to drive America to measures of reprisal." The justice the reader will now judge of, and the policy we will speak a little further of presently; but for America to make reprisals, she must first be at war (a situation which might of itself, produce in her a different way of thinking) and she must find us aiding her enemy, by carrying to her ports, in an indirect manner, the produce of her colonies.—If she should lay an embargo on all exports to our West-India Islands, for only six months, what would be "our and their condition? And even without that act of vengeance, a non-importation agreement [in America] of British manufactures for one year, would be a loss to this country of seven millions sterling."—First, observe that this argument of American vengeance is a sweeper. It is applicable to all cases and to all times. It subjects us to hope as capricious as that of love; and to fear as constant as that of death. It in all likelihood, originated in the troubled mind of some one of the "great shippers to America," who as the reader may have perceived from the publick prints, have been with Mr. Pitt open-mouthed, seized, doubtless, with a patriotick terror, lest their American debtors should, (for a second time) think a war-budget to be a good settlement of the balances of their books. But, Sir Balaam, be tranquil! cease to tremble, thou timid man! Go, hush thy fears and count thy bags! for, be assured, that the Americans love money as well as thou dost; and, that the "measures of vengeance," of which thou speakest, would infallibly reduce their merchants to beggary, and, if adopted for such a reason, might, perchance, throw their statesmen out of bread, by a complete overthrow of their government. Granted, that a six months prohibition of trade with our islands would produce great and terrible mischief to those islands, and, of course, to us. But, Sir Balaam, do you not know, that the warehouses of America are always full of goods prepared for those islands? And, do you duly reflect on the consequences of preventing those goods from being shipped off? On the ruin of the merchant who has bought the corn and the meal and the fish and the lumber? On the suspension of the mills and the fisheries and the saw mills? On the reduction in the price of the farmer's produce, at the same moment and from the same cause, that the price of his coffee [drunk daily even by labourers] and his rum [the common drink of the country] and his molasses [of general use] and his sugar are all augmented in price? And as to "the non-importation agreement," at the bare possibility of which you seem so terrified, do you think, that it would have no terrors for America? Granted, that you and your brethren ship seven millions worth of British manufactures annually to America, yet, unless they be all rotten, except it be all profit, a non-importation agreement for a year could not possibly produce seven millions worth of loss. Your brain is disturbed, Sir Balaam, or you would not forget, that a non-importation agreement would tripple the price of British manufactures, the coats and the shirts of the men and the gowns and the petticoats of the women, all those things, in short, which make them differ in appearance from their savage neighbours. Your brain is certainly turned, Balaam, or you would remember, that the taxes, by which the general government is supported, and by which Mr. Jefferson has been enabled to take off the internal taxes, and thereby to obtain his popularity, are chiefly derived from the importation of British manufactures; and, if you overlook, Mr. Jefferson will not, the probable and almost inevitable consequences of imposing heavy internal taxes (for he must prepare for war) upon the farmers, at the very time that their produce is lowered and their wearing apparel and hard-ware are augmented in price three or four fold.—I do not say, that a gross injury or even insult, would not induce the Americans to submit to such sacrifices, and I would be amongst the last of those who would try them in any way; but rest assured, Balaam, that they would not make any sacrifice at all to humour the caprice or the malignity of any one of their statesmen; no, nor all their statesmen put together. And as to their paying you with a sponge, fear it not; for, though such a mode of payment might perfectly well square with the morality of some of them; yet, if my observation has not been very superficial, there are good sense and integrity enough left in the country to prevent any general measure of that sort from being adopted; unless in case of some provocation so outrageous as to excite a degree of resentment sufficient to bear down and to smother all other feelings.
—Again, therefore, I say, Balaam hush thy fears and count your bags, or rather your slips of paper; for, be convinced, that Mr. Pitt wants no counsellors on the side of temporising; that when the object is to give up (any thing except his place) he wants no one to back him; and, I trust, you may rely upon it, that if he makes a stand for the rights and honour of England, though the dealers in American stock and shippers of goods to America should forsake him, he will have the support of a great majority of the nation, whom, Balaam, as you may have perceived, danger has taught to begin, at least, to think less of the funds and more of their country than they used to do.—I am aware that some ill-natured wit will
say, that, upon this American case, I am writing en amore ; in answer to which insinuation I shall appeal to all the sentiments that I have ever expressed upon the subject, both on this and on the other side of the Atlantic. When there, I frequently had occasion to deprecate the humble tone of our negotiators and our ministers; and, if a different tone be taken now, I shall rejoice in having to applaud it, hear it from whomsoever I may. In the mean time, I cannot refrain from taking the liberty to beg the publick as well as the ministers to be upon their guard against the representations of the owners of American funds and American lands and the traders to America. These (and they are very numerous) have all a strong bias towards that country, as, indeed, they naturally must have. There are some honourable exceptions; but generally speaking, their representations are to be received with great caution; to say nothing of their ignorance of the real interests of either country.
Remarks on the foregoing, by the National Intelligencer.
Such are the remarks of a man, whose whole career has been signalized by a vindictive spirit towards the United States. Such remarks, from such a source, ought not to excite our surprise; they ought, however, to put us on our guard against the erroneous impressions that will probably be assiduously disseminated on this topic.
The principle of the British government is considered to be just. On this point we feel no apprehension. After its clear elucidation in the perspicuous, able and temperate papers, some of them official, recently offered the publick, there cannot be two opinions on it in this country. It is true, that eastern federalism, previous to these disclosures and this investigation, held an ambiguous language; but it is to be hoped that this arose entirely from ignorance or a spirit of habitual opposition. Ready to denounce whatever came from the President, his ideas on this point received from the party prints of Boston, the common treatment extended to every other feature of the message. As, however, this subject has now assumed the shape of a great national question, as it calls for measures of the first grade and vigour, as the commercial interests and even the independence of the nation are put to issue; we may confidently hope, we do indeed implicitly believe, that federalism itself will make the best atonement in its power for the errors it has committed by retracting them, and adding its sanction to the general sentiment of the country.
Waving a consideration of the principle, it may be more useful to test the accuracy of this writer's remarks as to the effects of a persistence in this principle on the measures of our government, and the relative effects of those measures on the prosperity of the U. States and Great-Britain.
It will be remarked that in the article we have inserted, the Morning Chronicle declares that a non-importation agreement of British manufactures for one year would be a loss to Britain of seven millions—while Cobbett does not deny that such a measure, if adopted, will be very seriously felt by her. We are all perfectly acquainted with the character of the Morning Chronicle. It is true, that it is an opposition print; but it is not less true, that it is uniformly animated by a liberal and enlightened spirit; and that for intelligence it does not rank second to any print in the kingdom. Wherever, therefore, there may be a collision between the opinions of this print, and those of the Register, we cannot hesitate to decide which is deserving of the most weight.
The most obvious inference, deducible from Cobbett's remarks, is that there is no expectation in Britain of an embargo or non-importation. We are told the Americans love money too much to incur the hazards of such a measure, that it would reduce our merchants to beggary, throw our statesmen out of bread, and operate a complete overthrow of the government. These are the dreadful bug-bears which are offered as a lullaby to the fears of British merchants and timid politicians.
On what basis is this superstructure raised? on the impression that our merchants have no other than English markets. Is this true? There is not a well informed man that thinks so. It is possible that the effect of such a measure would be a momentary stagnation of trade, and some slight embarrassment consequent on it. But this is the most serious effect it could have, and the merchant would probably feel its injurious effects less than the other classes of society. He would not fail to raise the price of his wares, whose augmented value would more than indemnify him for the obstructions thrown in the way of his regular trade. And for the increased price of foreign goods consumed, the nation would be amply indemnified by the diminished mass of consumption. That there would be an exemption from all evil no rational man will contend. We well know how much of our prosperity we owe to freedom of commerce, and we are aware that any restriction would injure us. But this has long since ceased to be the question. Britain is inflicting a fatal wound, not merely on our trade, but on our character as an independent nation; and it is to avert her blows that we are compelled in self defence to deal back the blow she offers; to convince her that if she has the power of injuring us, we possess in a ten fold degree the means of injuring her.
Let things come to the worst, and the issue can only be this: We shall be obliged to abridge our use of English luxuries.
We shall be obliged to manufacture some articles ourselves that now come from Britain.
We shall be obliged to turn our merchantmen into privaters.
What will be the effect of these measures on the two nations?
The deprivation we shall experience of luxuries, and our extending manufactures, may be positive benefits. They will, at any rate, not be dreadful evils.
On the other hand, the manufactures of Britain, the solid basis of her strength, the only preservative of her glory, will be paralysed. Either the thousands who support them, and subsist on the lowest pittance that can preserve animal life, will starve, or they will rebel. Britain, in addition to an external enemy whose energy keeps her in constant alarm, will have a still more terrible enemy in her bosom.
Should there be reprisals, or in other words, war, unfortunate as that event will be, there can be no doubt but that the U. States will be more than a match for Britain in that species of warfare which will be waged.
Our merchantmen will be instantly converted into privaters. One hundred thousand tons of shipping will be turned into floating batteries. Thus fortified, guided by the enterprize of our countrymen, will be more than a match for the enemy. Every ton of British shipping, with the cargo it contains, is equal in value to three tons of American shipping, with their cargoes. If, therefore, we take but one British vessel for three taken from us, the result will be equal. We however confidently believe that the number of our captures would exceed that of theirs. The vigour and enterprize of our seamen strongly assure us of this issue. But we have better data. During the late war, when our resources were few and feeble, we took more British vessels than were taken from us. If such was then the case, what may we not expect from the great and commanding resources possessed by our country at this day, resources, which, so far from being absorbed in that portion of trade requisite for a full supply of all our wants, are so exuberant as to have overflowed into a carrying trade that rivals in magnitude our domestic commerce.

But Britain may seize our ships before she declares war; she may destroy our flourishing towns before we are aware of it.
If she does, what follows, what else can follow than a sequestration of British property of all descriptions, and the fall of her eastern provinces. Here is the fund, of which she is too well apprized, to dare to take this step. She knows that she would be, in fact, inflicting a deeper wound on herself than on us.
This subject is a great, and perhaps in some measure a difficult one. We have hastily made these remarks, more with a view to indicate the national sentiment, than our own individual opinion. We will conclude with the solemn declaration of our belief, that the United States will take strong ground, that they will make a firm stand against the invaders of their rights, and that no physical power on earth will, after this ground is once chosen, shake them from it.
MESSAGE
From the President of the United States, communicating a report of the Secretary of State respecting "new principles interpolated into the law of nations," made in pursuance of a request of the Senate of the 10th inst.
TO THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES.
According to the desire of the Senate, expressed in their resolution of the 10th inst. I now communicate to them a report of the secretary of state, with its documents, stating certain new principles attempted to be introduced on the subject of neutral rights, injurious to the rights and interests of the U. S. These, with my message to both houses of the 27th inst. and the documents accompanying it, fulfil the desires of the Senate, as far as can be done by any information in my possession which is authentick and not publicly known.
TH: JEFFERSON.
Jan. 27, 1805.
REPORT
The Secretary of State, to whom the President has been pleased to refer the resolution of the Senate, dated on the 10th inst. has the honour to make the following REPORT—
The most important of the principles interpolated into the law of nations, is that which appears to be maintained by the British government and its prize courts, that a trade open to neutrals by a nation at war, on account of the war, is unlawful.
The principle has been relaxed, from time to time, by orders, allowing, as favours to neutrals, particular branches of trade, disallowed by the general principle; which orders have also, in some instances, extended the modifications of the principle beyond its avowed import.
In like manner, the last of these orders, bearing date the 24th of June, 1803, has incorporated with the relaxation, a collateral principle, which is itself an interpolation, namely, that a vessel on a return voyage is liable to capture by the circumstances of her having on the outward voyage, conveyed contraband articles to an enemy's colony. How far a like penalty attached by the same order to the circumstance of a previous communication with a blockaded port, would likewise be an interpolation, may depend upon the construction, under which that part of the order has been, or is to be carried into execution.
The general principle first above stated, as lately applied to re-exportation of articles imported into neutral countries from hostile colonies, or vice versa, by considering the re-exportation in many cases, as a continuation of the original voyage, forms another interpolation, deeply affecting the trade of neutrals. For a fuller view of this and some other interpolations, reference may be had to the documents communicated with the message to Congress of the 17th inst.
The British principle, which makes a notification to foreign governments of an intended blockade, equivalent to the notice required by the law of nations, before the penalty can be incurred; and that which subjects to capture vessels arriving at a port, in the interval between a removal and a return of the blockading force, are other important deviations from the code of public law.
Another unjustifiable measure is the mode of search practised by British ships, which instead of remaining at a proper distance from the vessel to be searched, and sending their own boat with a few men for the purpose, compel the vessel to send her papers in her own boat, and sometimes with great danger from the condition of the boat, and the state of the weather.
To these instances, without adverting to others of an inferior or less definite character, in the practice of Great-Britain, must be added the assumed right to impress persons from American vessels, sailing under the American flag on the high seas. An explanation of this practice will be found in the extract from the instructions to Mr. Monroe, communicated with the message of the President above referred to.
Among the interpolations introduced by the French government, is a decree, dated 6th June, 1803, [18th Prairial, 13 year] importing that every privateer of which two-thirds of the crew should be natives of England, or subjects of a power the enemy of France shall be considered as pirates.
Another is evidenced by the result of an application made by the deputy consul of the United States at Cadiz, through the French consul to admiral Villeneuve, for the liberation of some seamen of the United States who was on board the French fleet under his command. The answer of the admiral, dated 29 Aug. lat. [11 Fructidor, 13 year] states, that "A decision of his imperial and royal majesty provides, that every foreigner found on board the vessel of war or of commerce of the enemy, is to be treated as prisoner of war, and can have no right to the protection of the diplomatick and commercial agents of his nation."
Other unjustifiable innovations on the law of nations, are exemplified in the decree of general Ferrand lately passed at the city of St. Domingo, a translation of which is annexed.
The irregular mode of search above described is also practised by the cruisers of France and Spain. The cruisers of the two latter powers have harassed the commerce of the United States in various other forms, but as it is not known, or believed that their conduct has been prescribed or sanctioned by the publick authority of their respective nations, they are not considered as falling within the purview of the resolution of the Senate.
All which is respectfully submitted.
JAMES MADISON.
Department of State, Jan. 23, 1806.
FROM THE GIBRALTAR CHRONICLE, Nov. 9.
The following particulars of the late naval action off Cape Trafalgar, have been obtained from the best Spanish and English sources. They confirm many of the particulars given in our last, and add many others.
It appears, from every account, which has been received, from the Spanish officers who have been taken prisoners, that admiral Villeneuve certainly sailed from Cadiz with the determination of giving battle to the English. There is, however, the strongest reason to believe that this measure was contrary both to the views and instructions of Buona-
parte, whose intentions were, that the combined fleets should proceed from Cadiz to Toulon, forming a junction with the Carthagena squadron in their way, that he might, by these means, have the greatest part of the Spanish navy in a French port and immediately in his power, in case any reverse of fortune might tempt the Spanish government to seize a favourable opportunity to throw off the galling yoke he has imposed upon it. But Villeneuve seems to have been impelled by motives of personal resentment, and wounded honour, to act in opposition to the wishes of his master. He had been deeply stung by a severe remark in the Monitor , upon what he considered the conduct of the French fleet would be "if commanded by a man of abilities;" the Spaniards had also openly upbraided him with not supporting them in the action of Cape Finisterre; Buonaparte, he likewise knew, had publicly spoken of him in the most sarcastic manner; and to complete his misfortunes, he had received private intelligence that admiral Rosily was ordered from Paris to supercede him in the command of the combined fleets at Cadiz. Under such circumstances he naturally felt, that even a defeat could add but little to his disgrace; whilst, on the contrary, a victory over a British fleet, commanded by the first Hero of the age, would wipe off every supposed stain on his conduct, and cover him with immortal honour. Thus situated, he resolved to put to sea before admiral Rosily could arrive, in spite of every remonstrance of admiral Gravina and other Spanish officers of rank, who vainly attempted to dissuade him from his design of giving battle to the British fleet, which they foresaw would be attended with the most disastrous consequences. Villeneuve, however, was immovable; and the intelligence he had received from admiral Louis, and six sail of the line, being then absent from the fleet, induced him to believe that lord Nelson had only 21 sail of the line along with him, as he was ignorant of the reinforcement that arrived from England, owing to the great distance at which the British fleet kept from Cadiz. On this supposition, Villeneuve's original disposition of his fleet, is generally allowed to have been extremely judicious. Twenty-one of his ships were to be drawn up in the usual line of battle, to receive the first attack of the British fleet, whilst twelve of his select ships, forming a body of reserve to windward, were to bear down and double upon the British line after the action had commenced, and thus to place it between two fires. Every other precaution was also taken, that was thought most likely to insure success.—Ten thousand of their choicest troops were distributed throughout the fleet; the French ships were furnished with every species of fire-balls and combustibles, to throw on board of the English ships, in hopes of being able either to burn them, or to produce such confusion as might greatly facilitate their design of boarding, where an opportunity offered; and several of our ships were repeatedly set on fire, and some of the seamen dreadfully scorched from this unusual mode of warfare. British skill and intrepidity were, however, completely triumphant over every obstacle that was opposed to them; and, notwithstanding the enemy in general, and particularly the Spaniards fought with great obstinacy, it is the opinion of the ablest officers in the fleet, that, had there been a little more wind during the action, to have enabled the rear of our fleet to have come up in proper time, hardly a ship of the enemy would have escaped.
The French admiral, on seeing our fleet so much stronger than he expected, abandoned his original plan, and formed the whole of his ships into one line, firmly waiting the attack of the British, which was conducted in a manner so bold and unexpected, as soon to throw them into the greatest confusion. The Royal Sovereign (Lord Collingwood's ship) in particular, which first broke through the enemy's line, excited the general admiration of both fleets. The bravery of our seamen has never been doubted; but the uncommon success, and marked superiority, which they displayed over the enemy in this glorious day, are chiefly to be attributed to that cool intrepidity and discipline which prevailed throughout the fleet in a high degree: a very remarkable proof of which is, that we have not heard of a single accident having happened on board of any of our ships, from hurry or carelessness during the whole of the engagement.
We do not recollect any general action, where so many of our ships ran on board those of the enemy: no less than five of the French captured ships were engaged so closely, that the muzzles of our lower deck guns touched those of the enemy: and it is worthy of remark, that in every instance where this occurred, the Frenchmen immediately lowered their ports, and deserted their guns on that deck, whilst our seamen on the contrary, were deliberately loading and firing their guns with two, and often with three round shot, which soon reduced the enemy's ships to perfect wrecks.
The dreadful slaughter on board, and the shattered condition of all the captured ships, whilst it shews with what obstinacy the enemy in general fought, is a convincing proof of the decided superiority our seamen possess over the enemy in close action.
It seems to be generally allowed, that the French fired with more vivacity at the commencement of the action than the Spaniards; but that the Spaniards shewed more courage and firmness to the end than the French. Amongst the Spanish ships the Argonauta and Bahama were defended to the last extremity, each of them having 400 men killed and wounded. The San Juan Nepomuceno was also fought with the utmost gallantry, until her captain and 320 of her crew were killed or wounded.
The Principe de Asturias and Sta. Ana both likewise shewed great bravery in the action.
However disastrous this victory may have proved to the Spanish navy, the national character of that country has risen greatly in our estimation, even by their defeat. As enemies though vanquished, their gallantry commands the highest respect, and the humanity with which every English sailor, that fell into their hands, was treated exceeds all praise. They refused to consider them as prisoners of war, such of our officers and men as were driven on their coasts in the captured ships by the violence of the storm, every exertion was made from the shore to save their lives, and the Spanish soldiers were turned out of their beds to accommodate our shipwrecked seamen who experienced every mark of attention that generous enemy could bestow.
The behaviour of the French, on the contrary, in several instances, both during and after the engagement, forms so melancholly a contrast to the bravery and humanity of the Spaniards, that, as we have felt it our duty to render the latter that applause which their conduct so truly entitles them to, we think it equally an act of justice to record, with impartiality, the baseness of the French both to her allies and foes.
In our last number we stated the extraordinary, and almost incredible fact of three French ships under a rear admiral, who had no share in the action, having in their flight fired for some time upon the Santissima Trinidad, and others of the Spanish prizes after they had struck their colours to the English. We now find from the concurrent testimony of several Spanish officers of rank, who were on board the ships alluded to, that rear admiral Dumanoir was the person who led on his division to the perpetration of this bloody deed, so worthy the days of Robespierre, by which several hundreds of the Spaniards were killed and wounded.
We believe that Dumanoir, (whose fate is as yet, * He and his squadron have since been captured by capt. Strachan.
however uncertain) is the only French Admiral that can have escaped to tell the tidings of that fatal day; and we have no doubt, but that, in his relation of the battle, of which he prudently chose to be a distant spectator, he will enlarge with peculiar satisfaction on the uncommon exertions, which he undoubtedly made, to sink or destroy the Spanish ships after they had surrendered to the English.
We have already stated, that all the English sailors, on board of the Spanish prizes, which fell into the hands of the Spaniards, were treated with the utmost humanity, & not considered as prisoners; how widely different the conduct of the French was, the following fact will shew.
On the surrender of the Bucentaure , an officer and a hundred men were sent to take possession of her, who conducted themselves with that moderation, and forbearance to a vanquished enemy, which is characteristic of Britons. The violent storm, which so soon followed the engagement, prevented the removal of the prisoners, and drove the Bucentaure towards Cadiz, when the Frenchmen, from their superior numbers, were easily enabled to take possession of the ship and carry her in the harbour, where, however, she was stranded, and completely wrecked. The crew, and the party of Englishmen, were taken off the wreck by the boats of one of the French frigates in the harbour, & carried on board of the vessel, where, will it be believed? the infamous and cowardly crew of the frigate when they saw some of the gallant conquerors of their admiral and his fleet completely in their power, unarmed, and exhausted with fatigue and ship-wreck, and incapable of resistance, in this situation, did these dastardly Frenchmen, in revenge for the defeat they had sustained, assault and treat with the utmost cruelty, and with every species of insult and inhumanity many of the unfortunate and defenceless English prisoners, whom the fury of the elements, and not the fate of battle, had thus subjected to their power.
We sincerely hope that the officers and crew of the frigate, who allowed or committed this detestable act, will not escape with impunity; in the mean time it gives us real satisfaction to find, that orders are given, that no more of the French prisoners, now in our possession, shall be permitted to return to Spain upon their parole, but they are to be sent to England by the first opportunity.
All Spanish prisoners, on the contrary, who have been brought to this place, to the amount of upwards of three thousand men, have been sent back to Spain, except one wounded officer now in the naval hospital, who earnestly requested to be allowed to remain under the care of the English surgeons, until his wounds were cured.*
We have also the pleasure to learn, that the Spaniards since their return to Spain, have unequivocally expressed the liveliest sense of gratitude for the generosity and humanity they invariably experienced whilst they were prisoners on board of the different English men of war, where it seemed to be the study of their conquerors to make them forget their misfortunes.
Indeed our navy well deserves this tribute of applause from their enemies; upwards of a hundred of our gallant seamen having perished, during the gale of wind after the action, in their generous efforts to save the prisoners out of the different prizes. To record the numerous and singular exertions that were made on this occasion, by all the ships of the fleet, would far exceed the limits prescribed to us; we cannot, however, pass over in silence the heroic conduct of capt. Malcom and his ship's company, in the Donnegal , who, at the imminent hazard of being totally lost, rescued hundreds of their enemy from a watery grave.
Two instances of the noble humanity, shewn by this ship, we shall mention. During the violence of the gale when she was riding at anchor near the Berwick , then in possession of the English, some of the French prisoners on board of the prize, in a fit of madness or desperation cut the cables of the Berwick , by which means she immediately drove towards the dangerous shoals of St. Lucar, then to leeward, where there was hardly a chance of a man being saved. In this trying situation, capt. Malcom, without hesitation, ordered the cables of the Donnegal to be instantly cut, and stood after the Berwick , to which he dispatched his boats, with orders first to save all the wounded Frenchmen before they brought off the English, which order was most punctually complied with; the English were next removed, but, before the boat could return, the Berwick struck upon the shoals, and every soul on board perished, to the number of 300. The Donnegal with great difficulty weathered the shoals and escaped a similar fate.
The wounded Frenchmen, which were thus saved, were supplied with the cots and bedding which had been prepared for our own sick and wounded; and, after being treated with every kindness and mark of attention, they were sent into Cadiz by a flag of truce, with all the cots and bedding in which they had been placed, that they might suffer as little pain or inconvenience as possible in their removal.
The other instance we shall notice is as follows: On the 26th October whilst the Donnegal was at anchor off Cadiz, in a violent gale of wind, with upwards of 600 persons then on deck, an unfortunate Spanish prisoner fell overboard. Notwithstanding the sea was then running so high, that they had not ventured to hoist out a boat for 12 hours before, two seamen, belonging to the Donnegal , immediately jumped overboard after him, in hopes of saving his life, to the admiration of the Spaniards, who were lost in astonishment at so daring an act, the poor man however sunk and was drowned, just as one of the English seamen had nearly got hold of him; a boat was immediately lowered, and fortunately the two gallant fellows were got on board safe again, whose names we here record with pleasure. John Thompson, capt. of the forecastle, being the one who first jumped overboard, and John Carter, quarter-gunner, was the man who immediately followed him.
We are happy to find that the uncommon exertions, which we all witnessed, of capt. Malcom and his gallant crew, to get the ship ready for sea on their receiving intelligence of the enemy's fleet having left Cadiz, has not been entirely unrequarded; the Donnegal , it will be recollected, sailed from this on the 22d, having her foreyard then in tow, and with great difficulty passed the Straits that night, every other vessel that attempted it, being forced to return.
On the following day, they had the good fortune to capture the Rayo , of 100 guns, which had lost her mainmast, and was at anchor near Cadiz. The Spaniards did not attempt to fire, as the Donnegal was brought to anchor across her hause, in so advantageous a position, that any resistance, in the crippled state of the Rayo , would have been unavailing, and a wanton sacrifice of their lives, without a chance of success. The Donnegal afterwards, during the storm, repeatedly examined the whole coast between Lagos Bay and Cadiz, to assist any vessels they might find in distress; and besides the number of lives she thus saved, she was fortunate enough to bring in the Bahama , one of the finest line of battle ships in the Spanish navy, which was discovered near St. Lucar, without a soul on board. The Donnegal lost an officer and 25 of her best men who were drowned on board of the Rayo .
The English officers who have returned from Cadiz. * It is proper to acknowledge here, that Gen. Castanos, commander in chief of the camp before the garrison, and M. Abadia, Spanish agent for the exchange of prisoners, have omitted no exertion of theirs to facilitate the generous intentions of the English Admiral.
diz, state, that the account of lord Nelson's death was received there with sorrow and regret by the Spaniards, and that some of them were even observed to shed tears on the occasion.—They said, "that tho' he had been the ruin of their navy, yet they could not help lamenting his fall, as being the most generous enemy, and the greatest commander of the age!" No eulogiums of his memory can perhaps ever equal such a declaration from a conquered foe!
To the French we believe the news of his fate will be matter of the highest joy and exultation; and the Monitor will probably proclaim his loss to be equivalent to the splendid victory which we have gained; but, great as we acknowledge that loss to have been, and deeply as it is felt and mourned by all ranks of people, the enemies of our country, we trust, will still find, that his spirit and example continue to animate the breast of every officer of the British navy!
Gazette Marine Memoranda.
ARRIVED.
Sch'r Industry , Whelden, 20 days from Grenada, Rum, W. Ashley.—Left there the sch'r Two Sisters , of Portsmouth, cargo half out. Brigs Three Friends , Hadley, of Portland to sail in 10 days; Eliza Henry , Butler, of Newbern to sail in 12 days.
Sch'r Independence , Stover, 34 days from Guadalupe, Molasses, Rum & Sugar, to the Master.
Sch'r Friendship , Furnal, 21 days from Portsmouth (N. H.)
Sch'r Azubah Ruthy , Duvell, 14 days from Havana, Molasses, to the Master.
Barque Petersburg , Davis, 23 days from Grenada, Rum & Molasses, to the Master.—Off Saba, was boarded by a French privateer of two guns and 20 men; treated politely.
AUCTION.
Will be Sold without reserve, on Friday, the 21st instant, all the STOCK belonging to the late firm of JOHN RORKE, & Co. consisting of an extensive assortment of
PAINTS of the best quality, dry and ground in Oil; Window, Print, and COACH GLASS; Oil; a few half pipes Old Brazil WINE.
Terms of Sale will be Cash for all sums not exceeding 60 Dollars; six months credit on all other sums not exceeding 200 dollars; and 6, 9, and 12 months credit on all sums exceeding 200 dollars.—The Sale to commence at 10 o'Clock, and in case all the articles should not be disposed of on the 21st. to be continued the next day.
Notes with approved endorsers will be required of all those who purchase on credit.
Francis Smith, V. M.
Feb. 10. tds 503
FOR LIVERPOOL.
Intended to sail by the 10th March, The American ship ALEXANDER , Miles King, Master—three fourths of her cargo in tobacco already engaged. For freight or passage, having excellent accommodation, apply to J. & W. Southgate.
February 10. tf 500
FOR CHARTER.
The excellent new SHIP GLOBE , Stephen Howland, Master, now lying in Hampton Road, and will carry about 380 hogsheads Tobacco, sails remarkably fast, and in complete order to take on board a cargo. A freight to Liverpool will be preferred.—For terms apply to Richard Blow.
February 10. tf 501
FOR RENT.
A STORE-HOUSE near the Market-House in Portsmouth, an excellent stand for a Grocery or Shoe-Store, both of which are very much wanted in that place.—Enquire of the Printer.
Feb. 10. tf 502
The celebrated Arabian Horse
SELIM , Which was imported into this state about 3 years ago, and whose Cols are now so universally admired for size and activity, will stand this season at my Stable near the Race-Field; particulars of which will be made known in time.
R. H. Cocke. Feb. 7. tf 497
A VERY VALUABLE PROPERTY.
WILL BE SOLD To the Highest bidder, for ready money, on the premises, on Saturday the 13th day of February next, by virtue of a deed of trust, executed by Richard Bates, to secure the payment of $333 dollars 33 cents, with interest thereon from the date thereof, due to Rambaut & Gerson & George Pegram, Jun. and the expenses of the sale.
TEN ACRES OF LAND,
Lying upon Appomattox River, within one mile of the town of Petersburg, with the water, grist, and manufacturing Mills, Bake-houses, Distillery-house, and other houses of improvements erected thereon.
Pleasant Akin, for Henry Cugneau and Pleasant Akin. Petersburg, Dec. 30. tds 416
NOTICE.
Under the authority of a Deed, executed by Richard Lively, of the City of Williamsburg, on the 15th day of March, 1801, and duly recorded, I shall Sell on the Second Monday in March next, before the door of the Court-House of James-City County,
Two small Tracts of LAND,
Lying in said County, and several LOTS in the City of Williamsburg, conveyed in Trust to me by said Deed, or so much thereof as may be necessary to pay the debt secured thereby to Gilliat and Taylor, together with the charges of Sale, and expenses of the Deed. The Sale will be for Cash. Robert Saunders. Williamsburg, Feb. 3. tf 481
LANDS FOR SALE.
750 acres lying near the New Dragon Bridge, in King and Queen County. This tract will be disposed of altogether, or divided into lots of 2 or 300 acres to suit purchasers.
ALSO,
400 acres in the county of Gloucester, lying near Capahosick ferry, and in the neighbourhood of Mr. William Jones, and Mr. Thomas Fox, and distant about eight or nine miles from the Court-House.
ALSO,
1140 acres in Middlesex county, lying on the Pianketank River, which affords the greatest abundance of Fish, Crabs, and Oysters, of superior quality. On this tract (generally called Barn Elms) there is a commodious Dwelling-House, with all the necessary out-houses, for the convenience of a large family.
As it is presumed that no person will be disposed to purchase without first seeing the lands, it is deemed unnecessary here to give a description of them, or the terms on which they will be sold. The subscriber may be consulted on the business any time after the date hereof at Barn Elms.
Carter B. Berkeley. December 6. 1aw6w 330
PICKLED OYSTERS
Put up by the Subscriber at the shortest notice—orders left at the Store of Mr. Decorimis, No. 1, Campbell's Wharf, will Samuel Bailey.

SALT. Arrived in the Ship Mary, captain Atholl, from Liverpool, A Cargo of STOVED SALT, Which will be sold on accommodating terms, taken alongside. Apply to Robert Dickson. ON HAND FOR SALE, A quantity of LOGWOOD, SUGARS in hds. and bbls. RUM, MOLASSES, COFFEE, and a parcel of choice TEN- RIFFE and MADEIRA WINES, in pipes, hds. and quarter casks. Jan. 31 2w 477
At a Court held for Norfolk County, the 20th day of January, 1806. Thomas Davis and Thomas Dickson, merchants and partners, under the firm of Davis and Dickson, Pliffs. Against Gilbert Robertson and James Brown, merchants and partners, under the firm of Robertson & Brown, and Robert Gibson, Defts. In Chancery.
THE Defendants Robertson and Brown, not having entered their appearance, and given security for performing the Decree to be made in this cause, and it appearing to the satisfaction of the Court that they are out of the country: On the motion of the Plaintiffs by their Counsel, it is ordered, that they the said Defendants, appear here on the third Monday in April next, and give security for performing the Decree aforesaid. And it is further ordered that the Defendant Gibson, who hath efforts of the other Defendants in his hands, or is otherwise indebted to them, do not pay, convey away, or secret such debts or effects, until the further order of this Court concerning the same. A Copy, Teste, William Wilson, jun. C. C. EdMon.Ap. 472
FOR SALE, 250 bbls. Superfine FLOUR, Afloat. Apply to James Maurice & Co. January 6. tf 414
FOR SALE The Cargo of the Brig Paragon, Captain Amuley—Consisting of 157 Puncheons high proof JAMAICA RUM. 7 Hogsheads MOLASSES. Redmon & Frith. Who have removed to the second Fire-Proof Store, on Gibson's Wharf. November 13. tf 271
THE SUBSCRIBER, Has removed to the third fire proof Warehouse on Gibson's wharf, where he has for Sale, Antigua and Jam. Rum by the hhd. Loaf and Brown SUGAR—A few bags COFFEE, A few pipes & bds. London particular & Tenerife WINES, 120 cases very excellent 7 years old CLARET. And is now Landing from on board the ship Catherine Shepherd, Capt. Webb, from Antigua and Nevis, Antigua and Nevis Rum and Molasses. HARRISON ALLMAND. December 27. tf 384
THE CARGO of the Ship Eliza, Obediah Smith, master, from Bordeaux, will commence landing This Day on Newton's wharf, consisting of 440 Hogsheads choice CLARET, 293 Cases do. do. 143 do. White WINE, do. 150 Boxes Fresh PRUNES of excellent quality, for Sale by Moses Myers. November 18. tf 287
Green Coffee and Sugar. Now Landing from on board the Schooner Lydia, captain Livingston, from Guadaloupe. 41 Hogsheads SUGAR, 8 Hds. } 14 Tierces } BEST GREEN COFFEE. 12 Bags } For Sale by William Pennock. December 16. 3w 354
HUNTER & GATEWOOD, Have received per Ship Jane, Captain Colley, from Liverpool, the balance of their supply of FALL AND WINTER GOODS, Which in addition to their former importation from London, makes their assortment general and complete—it consists of almost every article of useful and fashionable goods too tedious to enumerate, which they offer for sale, at their Store No. 129, Main Street, by Wholesale and Retail, on the lowest terms for cash, or short payments. November 8. tf 262
FOR SALE, The CARGO of the Schooner Elizabeth Margaret, now landing on Marsden's Wharf, 342 boxes White & Brown Havanna Sugars, 28 Hogsheads MOLASSES, 5 do. HONEY.—For terms apply to John Brown. January 6. tf 412
FOR SALE, Liverpool Salt, Kendal Cottons, &c. The CARGO of the Ship Industry, Noah Wright, master, from Liverpool—Consisting of 12,000 Bushels SALT, 8 Bales Kendal COTTONS, 10 Cases COPPER, 18 and 20 oz. 18 Sugar BOILERS, of 150 gallons each, 3 Hogsheads SKIMMERS and LADLES, 4 Casks Copper NAILS—Apply to William Pennock. December 20. tf 367
THIS DAY LANDING, From on board the Schooner Eagle, Captain Cross, from Bourdeaux, 160 Casks CLARET. 981 Cases assorted do. 66 do. do. White do. 80 Baskets SWEET OIL. 2 Trunks and 3 Cases Ladies' and Men's SHOES. 8 Cases Mens' and Children's Silk and Beaver HATS, assorted. DEMUJOHNS, ALMONDS, NUTS, &c. &c. For sale on liberal terms, by John & James Galwey, Commerce-Street Wharf. WHO HAVE ON HAND, 75 Boxes White & Brown Havanna SUGAR. September 6. tf 128
Soap and Candle Manufactory. THE Subscriber informs the Publick, that his Manufactory in Bank-Street, is now in complete operation, and having employed as skilful workmen as any in the United States, he expects a part of the publick patronage. Henry M'Dowell. N. B. FLATTS for Shoe-Makers, Tailors, &c.—CASH given for Tallow and Grease. December 20. tf 370
KENDAL COTTONS. The Subscribers have received per Ship Industry, captain Wright, from Liverpool, A few Bales low priced Kendal COTTONS, which they offer for Sale on liberal terms. Hunter & Gatewood. December 20. tf 363
NEW CUT-NAIL MANUFACTORY, ON TOWN POINT, A small distance below County Wharf, Wide Water Street. THE Subscriber has, at a considerable expense, fitted up, in addition to his other business, a complete set of machinery, adequate to finish 500 to 600 lbs. of Nails daily. He is also provided with a good stock of Iron; and with a sufficient number of skilful workmen. He has on hand a constant supply of Nails, Flooring Brads, and Sprigs, which he offers for Sale at the reduced prices as follows, by the keg, viz. 10d, 12d, 20d, Nails, 8d per lb. 8d, do. 9d per lb. Sheathing do. 7 1-2d per lb. 6d, do. 10d per lb. 4d, do. 3s per M. 3d, do. 7 1-2d do. 2d, 10d, 12d, and 20d, Brads, 8d per lb. 6d, do. 4s 6d per M. 4d, do. 3s do. 3d, do. 2s 7 1-2d do. 2d, do. 2s 7 1-2d do. ALSO—HOOP AND BAR-IRON ASSORTED. LEVIN DORSEY. March 18. 503
TO RENT, (And immediate possession given.) A Convenient Dwelling House, near the Presbyterian Church, lately occupied by Thomas Newton, jun. Esq. It is in a pleasant part of the town, has a large garden and necessary out-houses, and a good well of water. For terms apply to John Brown, Marsden's Wharf. November 13. tf 275
To be Leased, For one or six years, and possession to be had on the first of January next. A Commodious BRICK-HOUSE on Smith's Point, now occupied by Mr. Harris—all convenient offices, and a good garden are annexed to this tenement—For the accommodation of a tenant, an adjoining lot may be had. P. Barraud. November 18. tf 288
FOR SALE, A Tract of Wood LAND, about six miles from Ferry Point, adjoining the Lands of Mr. Plume, Mr. S. Whitehead, and Mrs. Moseley, containing about 300 acres, mostly covered with Pine suitable for Masts and Spars, and about two miles from a good landing on the Eastern Branch: a great bargain may be had, and payments accommodating to the purchaser. Also for Lease, for a number of Years, A WHARF in Gosport, about 100 feet front on the river, and about 180 feet on a 60 feet street; the whole the property of Mrs. Clinch, of Gosport. For particulars apply to R. Thompson. Portsmouth, Jan. 6. 1aw6w 411
MRS. MACDOUGAL, INFORMS her friends and the publick, that she has taken that handsome house belonging to Mr. Roberts, in the centre of Market Square, where she will receive Boarders on moderate terms—the strictest attention will always be paid to the diet rooms, and lodging, and every endeavour used to render a transient or permanent abode at her house satisfactory. September 25. tf 169
GARDEN SEEDS. The Subscriber has for Sale, at the Store of Mr. James Dowdall, opposite the New Market, Fresh Garden Seeds, Imported in the ship Shepherdess, from London—Also, Some CHOICE SEEDS, of this Country's growth, that can be warranted good, viz. EARLY FRAME PEA, over and Stone Turnip, Early Nicholas do. Fennel—Furze—Split Peas, Early Charlton do. Salsify, Scorzonera—Pepper Grass, Early Pearl do. Large Wind or, Long Pod, Golden Hotspur do. White Blossom, and Garden Beans, Dwarf Marrow do. Canary and Hemp Seed, Tall Green Marrow do. Orec—Brocoli, Imperial Green do. Red and White Clover Seed, Prolifick do. Lucerne and Timothy do. Leadman's Dwarf do. Blue Prussian do. Crown and Cabbage do. Early and late Cauliflower, Early York CABBAGE, Early Sugar Loaf do. Early Battersea do. Madeira do. Drum Head do. Winter do. Red Dough do. Green Savoy do. Scotch Kail—Red Beet, Orange and Early Horse Carrot, Solid Celery—Cured Parsley, Turkey, Early France, Short Prickley and Long Prickley Cucumbers, Cured Endive, Dwarf Kidney Beans of all sorts—Arbour Beans, Broad Leaved Leek, Silver Skinned, James, Madeira, and Blood Red Onion, Grand Admiral, Brown Dutch Ice, Cabbage, Green Coss, and Aleppo Coss Lettuce, Scarlet, Short Top, Salmon, and Red and White Turnip Radish, Parsnip—Rape, White and Brown Mustard, Round and Prickley Spinage, Early Dutch, Norfolk, Han-
over and Stone Turnip, Fennel—Furze—Split Peas, Salsify, Scorzonera—Pepper Grass, Large Wind or, Long Pod, White Blossom, and Garden Beans, Canary and Hemp Seed, Orec—Brocoli, Red and White Clover Seed, Lucerne and Timothy do. SWEET HERBS. Thyme—Golden and Green Pislain, Clary—Borago—Pot Mary Gold—Dill, Sweet and Bush Basil—Skerrrett, Winter and Summer Savery, Sweet Marjoram. FLOWER SEEDS. Double Balsom—Capsicum, Rocket, Dwarf, and Branching Larkspur, Convolvulus Minor & Major, Another Grandiflora—India Pink, Globs of various sorts—Negella Romana, Agrostemma Coeliros—Onothera Purpurea, Scorzonera Tingitana—Tulips of all sorts, Dwarf, Red, Yellow, and Tall Red Cockscomb, Chrysanthum Irecolor—Jubrosas, Mixed China Aston, Cassia and Senna Fistula, Hyamthos Muscaria—Pioza, Pianunculus—Anomeneas, Asparagus Roots. James Hay. Who solicits the patronage of the publick, and being a regular instructed Gardiner, offers to his customers his services either to the culture or the proper season of sowing. Jan. 13. tf 428
Richmond Academy Lottery, NOW DRAWING, CONTAINING One Prize of Ten Thousand Dollars, Besides several other large Prizes. ** TICKETS for Sale by the EDITOR OF THIS PAPER. November 15. 279
LADIES FASHIONABLE SHOES. SEVERAL Trunks of Ladies plain and fashionable LACED KID SHOES, and Gentlemen's fashionable London made do. just received by the ship Planter, Captain Boush, and for sale by Gilliat & Mackinder. September 9. tf 136
A PARCEL OF CHOICE Russia and Ravens DUCK, Landing, and for Sale by Moses Myers. ALSO, 1000 bushels Lisbon SALT, afloat. January 20. 3w 448
FOR SALE, BY THE SUBSCRIBER, AT HIS LUMBER YARD ON CALVERT'S WHARF, 700,000 SALE SHINGLES. 50,000 BUILDING do. 50,000 STAVES—White and Red Oak. 10,000 CYPRESS PALES. 5,000 CEDAR and CHINQUEPIN POSTS. Also—shall keep a supply of PLANK AND SCANTLING. Thomas H. Parker. August 19. tf 77
This Day landing, and for Sale, about 50,000 wt. Prime Green COFFEE, Imported in the sch't Wasp, capt. Kemp, from Aux-Cayes Wilson, Cunningham, & Co. Jan. 29. 9t 468
THE Subscribers will give orders on TURK'S ISLAND for cargoes of SALT, and receive payment for the same on delivery, by drafts on this place at 60 days sight. James & Thomas Tucker. January 17. 2aw3w 439
BANK NOTES LOST. A letter dated Williamsburg, 27th November, 1805, directed to Messrs Tho's & Wm. M'Candlish, merchants, Norfolk, containing Bank Notes to the amount of Two Hundred Dollars, as below described, and supposed to have been deposited in the Post-Office, has either been lost, mislaid, or taken a wrong direction.—It is hoped that any person who may have become possessed of the same, accidentally or otherwise, will forward it on to the subscribers, as payment of the Notes have been stopped at the respective Banks. D. No. 1124, United States Branch, Norfolk, Dec. 6, 1804, - - - - - 100 Dollars. B. No. 97, Virginia Branch, Fredericksburg, February 6, 1805, - - - - - 100 Dollars. Wm. M'Candlish, & Co. Williamsburg, Dec. 9. tf 341
REMOVAL. JAMES TUCKER, Has removed to No. 1, HOLT'S LANE, near MAIN-STREET, WHERE HE OFFERS FOR SALE, ON REASONABLE TERMS, HIS STOCK IN TRADE, CONSISTING OF A GENERAL ASSORTMENT OF HARDWARE, NAILS, &c. May 8. tf 659
All persons having claims against the Estate of ROBERT WARREN, deceased, either by bond or open account are desired to bring them forward for settlement, and those indebted to make immediate payment to Warren Ashley, Administrator. December 9. tf 339
FLOUR. 700 Barrels Mayo Mills of excellent quality, a-float, for Sale by Moses Myers. Dec. 27. tf 381
FOR RENT, And immediate possession given, The WAREHOUSE lately occupied by Mr. Edward Roberts—Also, The WAREHOUSE lately occupied by Mr. Edward Johnston.—For terms, apply to Robert Gibson. January 20. tf 450
EAGLE TAVERN. The Subscriber has taken that eligible stand in Market square, and has to inform his friends and the publick in general, that he will spare no pains to make them as comfortable as possible while with him—he would be glad to take in Eight or Ten Gentel BOARDERS by the Year. Thomas Glenn. January 15. 3m 433
NOTICE. THE Subscriber being desirous to close his unsettled concerns, requests all those who have accounts against him to present them at his office for adjustment, and persons indebted to him to make immediate payment. John Hamilton. October 14. tf 201
NORFOLK HOTEL. THE Subscriber informs his friends and the publick, that he has opened an HOTEL in that convenient house formerly the NAVY TAVERN No. 128 Main-Street, where he hopes by his attention, to give satisfaction to those who may favour him with their company. He will always keep the best liquors: and Private Parties will be furnished with Dinners, Suppers, or Relishes, at the shortest notice. BOARDERS accommodated by the week, month, or year. Henry Benbridge. October 9. tf 170
FALL, AND WINTER GOODS. GILLIAT AND MACKINDER, Have received by the Ship PLANTER, Boush, from London, and FREDONIA, from Liverpool, their supply of FALL AND WINTER GOODS, And will be Sold on low terms, for Cash, or approved Acceptance in Town.—Amongst which are 17 Bales of Napt Cottons. 16 Boxes Boys' and Men's Hats. 15 do. of Rose Blankets. 4 Trunks of Manchester. 8 do. Stripe do. 4 Boxes Cutlery, assorted. 9 do. White and Red Flannels. 50 Casks Shot. 10 do. White Plains and Kerseys. 150 Kgs of Gunpowder. 12 do. Blue do. 40 Casks Nails. 14 do. Blue & Green Half Thicks. 4 do. Seine Twine. 6 do. Stripe and Grey Coatings. 6 Trunks Mens' and Womens' Worsted Hose. 2 do. Yarn Hose. 3 Bales of Oznaburgs. do. Carpeting and Carpets. Fleece Hosiery, for Ladies' and Gentlemens' wear. 8 do. Mixed Fearnoughts. Muslins, Dimities, Calicoes, &c. &c. The above packages are well assorted. September 16. tf 145
NOTICE. All persons having claims against the Estate of ROBERT REINS, deceased, are requested to bring them forward properly attested, that provision may be made for payment. James Callis, Adm'r. Dec. 11. tf 340
FOR SALE, On board the Schooner Rising States, captain Newcomb, lying at Newton's wharf, 30 hds. MOLASSES, 100 HIDES. Phinehas Dana & Co. Dec. 20. tf 564
BRITISH CONSUL'S OFFICE, Norfolk, Virg. Jan. 18, 1806. HIS Britannic Majesty's Consul to the State of Virginia, in consequence of instructions by him received from his government, takes this method of communicating to such officers on the British half-pay establishment, as are resident within his district, the following Notice from the Army Pay-Office, in London, in respect to the form of the Certificate required from British half-pay Officers, by whom it is highly essential that the regulations therein specified should be strictly complied with. John Hamilton, Consul.
PAY-OFFICE, Horse-Guards, August 28, 1805. NOTICE is hereby given by direction of the right honourable the Pay-Master General of his majesty's forces, that the affidavits of Officers on half-pay and military allowances, who reside in the United States of America, commencing subsequently to the twenty-fourth day of December 1805, will not be passed at this office, unless the officer's place of residence, and also the county, district, or place for which the magistrate acts, before whom the said affidavit is made, the competency of whom must be certified by the British Consul, if any shall be resident in the province or state, or by the governor, chief justice, or some other person in authority in the government thereof, are therein specified, agreeable to the undermentioned form. D'd. Thomas, Accountant.
A. B. maketh oath, that he had not between the twenty-fourth day of — and the twenty-fifth day of — any other place, or employment of profit, civil or military, under his majesty besides his allowance of half-pay, (or his military allowance, as the case may be) as a reduced — in the Officer to sign his name here, together with his place of residence. Sworn before me at — this — day of — in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and — The Magistrate to sign his name here, and the county or place for which he acts. N. B. Chaplains must insert in their affidavits the following words between the words "Majesty," and "besides," viz. "or any Ecclesiastical Benefice in Great Britain or Ireland." No alterations or interlineations of any sort will be allowed to be made in the above mentioned affidavit. January 20. tf 446
TO RENT, Two Brick-Houses, No. 22, and 23, in Church-Street, near the Old Church.—They are well calculated for Dry Goods Stores, having been occupied for several years by persons in that business; they have four rooms upon a floor, a cellar, and a pump of good water in the yard; also a garden attached to each. Apply at this Office. Jan. 10. 3w 426
TO RENT, THE Warehouse at present occupied by James Herron on my wharf, capable of storing 4,000 barrels flour, and free from danger of high tides.—Possession may be had of them on the first of September next; if agreeable, the Wharf may be had with them. Also for Lease, for a term of Years, The Wharf adjoining mine, newly repaired, 56 1-2 feet in front, running back from 2 to 250 feet, with sufficient well made ground for the erection of warehouses—at the end of the wharf, there is water for any ship, with a convenient Lumber Yard. For terms apply to John Davis. Portsmouth, July 29. 2aw tf 25
THE SPIRIT OF THE PUBLICK JOURNALS; BEING an impartial selection of the best original Poetry, Essays, &c. and which have appeared in the newspapers of the United States during the year 1805. The Editors of Newspapers who exchange with the Baltimore Evening Post, are requested to give the above advertisement a few insertions in their papers. When published, a copy of the work will be sent to each office. August 28.
BRITISH CONSUL'S OFFICE, Norfolk, Virginia, August 31, 1805. HIS Britannic Majesty's Consul to the State of Virginia, in consequence of instructions by him received from his government, hereby gives notice, to the merchants concerned in the trade to His Majesty's Dominions, that according to the terms of the Act of the 37th of the King C. 97, no British built vessel captured by His Majesty's enemies, afterwards purchased by citizens of the United States, and sailing under a Sea Letter can be admitted to entry under the said Act, as an American vessel. John Hamilton. 114
GERMAN GOODS. JOHN C. NIEMEYER, Has lately received and offer for Sale, the following Goods, for Cash, or inconvenient credit, for approved Notes, viz. 7000 Bags of 2 and 3 bushels, in bales of 600 each. 1000 East India Gunny Bags. 190 Pieces Ticklenburgs and Oznaburgs. 400 Brown Rolls. 400 White Rolls, different qualities. 100 White Platillas. 75 Brown Hollands. 100 Bretannias. 20 Dowlass. 62 Fine White Flanders Sheeting. 25 Shirt Linen of 20 to 100 dollars per piece of 37 yards. 40 Fine Bed Bunts and Bed Tickling. 390 Velvet Ribbands, No. 2 to 150. 30 Russia Sheeting, and Diaper. 320 Dozen Snuff Boxes. 100 Boxes Baltimore Window Glass, in whole and half boxes, viz. 8 by 10, 9 by 11, 9 by 12, 10 by 12, and 12 by 14, at the manufactory prices, with the addition of the usual charges. A few Barrels Philadelphia bottled Porter 105 Boxes Short Pipes. 120 Spanish Segars, of different quality. 150 lbs. Shoe Thread. 130 Twine. 15 Boxes Glass Ware, of different kinds, cut and plain. 37 Barrels Turpentine. ALSO, 20 Dozen of Shoe Brushes. Violins, Flutes and Fifes. ditto Strings and Bows. Looking Glasses of all kinds. Nuns' Thread and Fine Lace. Thread Stockings, Plush for Saddles. Coffee Mills.—Beads, and Bird Cages. Razors, Spectacles, and Penknives, 1st quality. Backgammon Tables, Dice, Cards, Chessmen. Fowling Pieces, Pistols, and Agut Flint. Crooked Horn and Ivory straight Combs. An Invoice of Japanned Ware. do. do. of Mill Saws, Augers, &c. 40,000 Marbles. And a great variety of other Articles. Apply as above. September 25. 164
NORFOLK: PUBLISHED THREE TIMES A-WEEK, BY WILLIAM DAVIS, FOR THE PROPRIETOR, OPPOSITE THE EXCHANGE COFFEE HOUSE. Price Five Dollars and Fifty Cents yearly, in advance.