Lynchburg star (Lynchburg [Va.]), 1806-08-28 00:00:00

LYNCHBURG STAR.
Virginia.)
PUBLISHED BY JAMES GRAHAM.....AT THREE DOLLARS PER ANNUM.....(Payable in advance.)
No. XLIV.]
THURSDAY, AUGUST 28.....1806.
[Vol. I.]
THE STAR IS PUBLISHED ONCE A WEEK.
LETTERS ADDRESSED TO THE EDITOR, MUST BE Post paid.
TERMS.
ADVERTISEMENTS and Public Notices of every kind will be inserted in the LYNCHBURG STAR at 75 Cents a square for the first, and 50 Cents a square for every subsequent insertion. Thereafter,—or orders on the Merchants of Lynchburg—or the acceptance of Country Merchants—the assurances of men of known punctuality must in all cases accompany the advertisements, &c. &c.
As in this world of discoveries, we ourselves have lately discovered that the age of an obligation adds not a jot to its value, and persuaded withal that method and punctuality are indispensable essentials—with a determination to shun our countenance, averted looks, grumbling, lamentations, horrors, and the necessity of resorting to the Sheriff and the Lawyer, the customary concomitants of indiscriminate credit, we have adopted the foregoing plan.—We wish however to be fully understood: As we have said before, and as we now say, and as we shall hereafter say, we shall always be happy to give advertisements &c. accompanied as above, accurate and conspicuous insertion.
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Foreign News.
[FROM THE MONITOUR.]
PARIS, June 6.
His excellency Mouhib Effendi, building one of the most important places of the Ottoman Porte, and ambassador extraordinary from the Sublime Porte, had yesterday his first audience of the emperor and king. At eleven in the morning, the grand master of the ceremonies, accompanied by his attendants, proceeded with six of the imperial carriages, drawn by six horses each, to take up the ambassador at his hotel; they were escorted by a guard of 30 dragoons, and the ambassador was received at the door of the anti-chamber by the colonel-general of the imperial guard on duty.
The emperor was, as is usual on such occasions seated on his throne, surrounded by his ministers, his high officers, &c. The ambassador made three bows as he advanced, and was saluted in his turn by the emperor, who took off his hat and put it on again. The ambassador then addressed his majesty in the following speech:
"SIRE—His majesty of all the Turkies, Sovereign on the two continents and the two seas; the true servant of the two holy cities; the Sultan Selim Han, whose reign be eternal! sends me to his imperial and royal majesty Napoleon I. the greatest among the sovereigns who believe in Christ, the replenisher of the glory of the western nations; him who holds with a ready hand the sword of courage and the sceptre of justice; to deliver to him the present imperial letter, which contains congratulations on his accession to the imperial and royal throne, and assurances of a sincere and entire attachment.
"The Sublime Porte has incessantly breathed its best wishes for the prosperity of France, and for the glory which her sublime and immortal emperor has lately acquired, and the Porte was anxious eminently to testify the joy it felt on the occasion. It was with that view, Sire, that my ever magnanimous Sovereign has ordered me to ap-
proach the throne of your imperial and royal majesty, to congratulate you on your accession to the imperial royal throne, and to assure you, that the ordinary communications not being sufficient upon such an occasion, the Sultan has thought proper to lead a special ambassador, in order more signally to express the sentiments of confidence, of admiration, and attachment, with which he is deeply impressed: towards a Prince, who is looked upon as the most ancient, the most faithful, and the most necessary friend of his empire."
His majesty made the following answer:
"The mission of your excellency is very acceptable to me. The assurances you give me of the sentiments of Sultan Selim, your master, come home to my heart. One of the greatest and the most useful advantages which I am desirous to derive from the success of my arms, is to be able to support and aid the most useful, as well as the most ancient of my allies. It is with pleasure I thus publicly and solemnly assure you of these sentiments. Whatever of happiness or misfortune befalls the Ottomans, will be happy or unfortunate for the French. Transmit these assurances to the Sultan Selim. Let him bring them to his recollection, whenever my enemies, who are also his enemies, would attempt to approach him. He can never have any thing to apprehend from me; and while united with me, he shall never have to dread the power of any of his enemies."
The usual presents were then laid before his majesty, and the extraordinary ambassador, after being presented to her majesty, was reconducted to his hotel with the same ceremony with which he came to the palace.
FRANCE.
"Napoleon Emperor of the French, and King of Italy."
"Accounts having reached us, that in several of the northern departments of our Empire, certain Jews, not exercising any other profession than that of usury, have by extorting an enormous interest, reduced a number of farmers to a state of great distress: we have conceived it our duty to succour such of our subjects as have been reduced to those sorrowful extremes by an unjustifiable avarice. These circumstances have, at the same time, furnished us with an opportunity of knowing the urgent necessity of re-animating the sentiments of civil morality among those persons who profess the Jewish religion in the countries under our jurisdiction: sentiments which unhappily have been extinguished among a great number of them, in consequence of the state of debasement under which they have long languished, which it has never entered into my views, either to maintain or to renew. For the accomplishment of this design we have resolved to collect the principal persons among the Jews into an assembly: and then, thro' the means of commissioners whom we shall nominate for the purpose to communicate our intentions; and who will at the same time learn their wishes in respect to such means as they may deem most expedient to awaken among their brethren the exercise of the arts and useful professions of life, in order that an honest industry may take the place of those scandalous resources to which so many persons among the Jews, have given themselves up, from the father to the son, for several ages past. To this end, and upon the report of our Grand Judge, Minister of Justice, our Minister of the Interior, our Council of State, &c. we decree as follows:
"1. The execution of all contracts and judgments against farmers not merchants, shall be suspended for one year reckoning from the date of the present decree, simple conservatory acts excepted; such farmers belonging to the departments of Le Sarre, Roer, Mont-Tonnerre, Hant and Bas Rhin, Rhin and Moselle, and Vosges, in cases where they have been granted in favour of Jews.
"2. On the 15th of July next, an assembly of those individuals professing the Jewish religion, shall be held in our good city of Paris. This assembly is only to be formed of those Jews who inhabit the French Territory.
"3. The members shall be regulated according to the table hereunto annexed, taken from the various depart-
ments, and selected by the Prefects from among the Rabbins; the proprietors of land, and other Jews the most distinguished by their probity and intelligence.
"4. In the other departments of our Empire not named in the annexed table should any individuals be found professing the Jewish religion, to the number of 100, and less than 500, and above the number to 1000, two deputies; and so on in proportion.
"5. The Deputies chosen shall be at Paris before the 10th of July, and shall announce their arrival, and their place of residence, to the Secretary of our minister of the interior, who shall inform them of the place, the day, and the hour when the assembly shall open.
"Our Minister of the Interior is charged with the execution of the present decree.
(Signed) "NAPOLEON." Palace of St. Cloud, May 30.
STATE-PAPER—Paris.
As, after the Convention concluded between his Majesty the King of Prussia, and his Majesty the Emperor of the French, and the King of Italy, the Principalities of Anspach has, for several weeks, been occupied by the French Marshal Bernadotte, in the name of his Majesty the King of Bavaria; I make known by this proclamation to all my subjects, Vassals, Feudatories, Corporations, Ecclesiastics, and Laity of this Principality, in virtue of the full powers and authority with which I am invested, and the pressing orders I have received, that from this day his Prussian Majesty renounces and cedes the civil occupation of this Principality to the King of Bavaria. Accordingly, in the name of the King of Prussia, I hereby attach to the Crown of Bavaria the Principality of Anspach with all its concerns and obligations, referring and excluding the private property of his Majesty. I liberate all the aforesaid subjects, vassals, &c. of Anspach from their allegiance to the King of Prussia, it being equally understood that their engagements respecting the private property of his Majesty shall still remain in force; and I re-place under the protection of the King of Bavaria, as their new Sovereign, all their Prerogatives, Rights, Claims, Immunities, Appointments, Pensions, Emoluments, &c. for the enjoyment of which they will continue to perform their customary functions, and discharge the obligations imposed upon them.
"In the name and by the express direction of the King of Prussia, I thank all his faithful subjects, vassals, and servants of the Principality of Anspach, for the attachment they have displayed to his person, and the many proofs they have given of fidelity and zeal for his service. I add the assurance, that his Majesty will always take the most lively interest in their welfare (which their new sovereign will study to increase,) & that he will with pleasure embrace every opportunity of convincing them of his unalterable regard.
(Signed) NAGLER, Commissarial Plenipotentiary, on the part of Prussia to replace the Principality of Anspach, under the crown of Bavaria. Anspach, May 24, 1806.
[FROM THE AURORA.]
A new English Ambassador is hourly expected in the U. States—called the Earl of Selkirk. CUI BONO? Does he come to give or receive information—to redress or palliate wrongs? Have we ever had any experience of good resulting from the residence of English or other Ambassadors here? Have we not on the contrary experienced evils of the most serious character, from the intrigues of foreign ambassadors, whether they have been English, French, or Spanish—they have all in turn endeavoured to warp the people or the government from the true interests of the nation.—It were to be wished that some regulation could be adopted neither to send nor to receive ambassadors, unless upon some special and temporary occasion. We know perfectly that an English ambassador can do nothing definitive here, even if he possessed the means of correct information, which from their usual habits of association they cannot obtain; they may like the en Seigni
ambassador Yrjo, and means thro' some corrupt man, to reach the deliberations of congress; or by artful contrivances, suppers, dinners, &c. pump a vain under Clerk in a governmental department; or they may pick up scandal and retail nonsensical anecdotes which fall from giddy females or their stupid husbands, that feast at the tables of unscrupulous executive officers: but all; the ambassadors of foreign courts, but particularly English ambassadors, come here only to be deceived, and to deceive their superiors in turn. It has been truly observed of the English ministers that they know less about Ireland than any other country in Europe; a similar infatuation has governed them, whatever party has been in power, concerning the U. States; but they have always ministered to their own ignorance; and they are as like to do so when Earl Selkirk comes, as when Lison was actually here. Men are too apt to receive the impressions of their inmates—the English ambassador Selkirk will have the same inmates as Hammond and Lison and Merry—he will receive his account of things at Boston, from young Allen, the consul there; from Barclay at New York; from Bond at Philadelphia; and from Hamilton at Norfolk; and would require not only a residence of five or six years, but a general intercourse with the people, to be able to discern between the information which is communicated through those channels and real truth. These confidants are more to be pitied than hated—they are placed here for certain purposes, and to acknowledge their want of success would be a kind of felo de se . So that the English government actually creates a medium of deceit, and acts upon the basis of its own errors. Every English ambassador who has been in this country, has left it ignorant of the real character and feelings of the people—the resources and spirit of the government. Lison, it is presumed, discovered, before he left America, many of the mistakes under which he had lived here so long; but as he knew the country only by his associates, he retired with a contemptible opinion of public morals—and of the corruptibility of some of the statesmen—but with a full conviction, that the rotation of men in power, would render the expenditure of all the secret service money of England of no permanent use to British interests.
"TIME WAS!—TIME IS!" Merlin.
Things past and present so much resemble each other, that it may be useful to recall the transactions of the past to the living memory, in order that the character of our former sufferings and of the measures professedly taken to redress them at that time, may be compared with the egregious which past measures of remedy and redress produced: as in such cases experience must always be instructive, so must the sentiments of adversaries as well as of friends on such occasions be of like importance. We need not point out the similarity of the circumstances of the relations which subsisted between this nation and that of England in 1794 and which now subsist.
The measures taken then we shall give a glance at, and we shall subjoin these to the judicious observations of a writer, who it is believed is now a member of the English cabinet, but who was in 1794 in the ranks of the opposition—the articles render comment on our part wholly superfluous.
CONGRESS OF THE U. STATES. House of Representatives, April 14. 1794.
In a committee of the whole house, after a long debate, the following resolution was adopted, sixty one members rising up for it.
"That until the government of G. Britain shall cause compensation to be made for all damages and losses sustained by any person or persons acting under commission or authority of the British king, contrary to the laws of nations, and in violation of the rights of neutrality, and also, until the posts now held and retained by the king of G. Britain, within the territories of the U. States, shall be surrendered and given up, and till compensation be made for the negroes carried away contrary to the treaty of peace, all commercial intercourse between the citizens of the U. States and the subjects of the king of G. Britain, so far as the same respects articles of growth or manufacture of G. Britain or Ireland, shall be pro-
hibited—provided such prohibition shall not extend to vessels or their cargoes arriving in any of the ports of the U. States before the day of next."
APRIL 21.
The house of representatives agreed to the following resolution—ayes 56.—nays 16.
"Whereas, the injuries which have been suffered by the U. States, from violations committed by G. Britain, on their neutral rights and commercial interests, as well as from her failure to execute the 7th article of the treaty of peace, render it expedient for the interest of the United States, that the commercial intercourse between the two countries, should not be carried on in the extent at present allowed:
"Resolved, That from and after the first day of November next, all commercial intercourse between the citizens of the U. States and the subjects of the king of G. Britain, or the citizens or subjects of any other nation, so far as the same respects articles of the growth or manufacture of G. Britain or Ireland, shall be prohibited."
APRIL 24.
A bill on the resolution of the 21st, was read a third time—ayes—nays 24.
APRIL 28.
In the senate the bill sent up from the house of Representatives, founded on the resolution of the 21st, was rejected by the casting vote of the Vice President, (John Adams) the numbers on each side being 13.
The following is a copy of a letter from a person of respectability at New-York, written on the nineteenth of April, 1794.
"In mine of the 8th of March, I hinted at the irritable situation to which this country then appeared to be verging, owing to the unprecedented depredations of British cruisers and privateers on our commerce in the W. Indies and elsewhere. We have now certain information that upwards of one hundred and fifty sail (this is very much within bounds) of American vessels, with their cargoes, have actually been condemned in the courts of admiralty in the different islands; not because they were employed in an illicit trade, nor because the property on board was French, but merely because they were bound to or coming from a French port. Our seamen are confined in ships, and many of the captains stripped of their clothes, &c. as well as their cash and adventures. The forbearance of the United States of America affords a proof of the Wisdom and moderation of their councils.
"An embargo for 30 days on all exports was laid on the 26th ult. and is now extended for 30 days more. John Jay, chief justice of the U. States, is appointed envoy extraordinary to the court of St. James's, and will proceed on his embassy in the course of a few days. A commissioner is soon to sail for the West Indies, to scrutinize the nature of the numerous condemnations which have been there made, apparently in violation of the laws of nations, and certainly ruinous to many of our merchants and underwriters.
"This conduct of Great Britain towards us has alienated the affection of those who were best disposed to a close connection with her; and has augmented the hatred of such of our citizens as were always attached to the interest of France; and what is worse, it has also planted the seeds of enmity in the bosoms of the younger part of the community, which may grow with their growth, and strengthen with their strength. To efface such impressions from a country whose population increases beyond credibility, and whose habits have always been, and still are partial to the manufactures of England, appears to be an object of the first importance. Most wantonly cruel has this country been used."
OBSERVATIONS.
The late alarming intelligence from America, imposes, as an indispensable duty on every individual of either nation, who desires to continue the blessings of peace and friendly intercourse between Great Britain and the United States, the necessity of exposing the evils most result to both from the war which is now apprehended.
That the public proceedings of the United States have been highly tempered with prudence and pacific inclination, the recent conduct of their government, in appointing one of the most respectable of their officers (Mr.

Ray, the chief justice) to negotiate with the court of Great Britain, more strongly evinces, than the most laboured eulogium on their wisdom and forbearance could do.
It becomes us, however, to reflect that there are limits to national as to individual temper; and that the sense of aggression must be greatly increased by any indisposition to meet the advances of proffered reconciliation; it should also be considered, that a needfast unanimity on the part of America, will, unquestionably produce, settlement of the matters in dispute between the two countries.
Let those, whom it most concerns, pause and reflect with that degree of consideration to which the importance of the subject is entitled, on the following momentous consequences, which must inevitably result to Great Britain from a rupture with the United States of America; the colouring is strictly conformable to truth, and the picture is, in no part, exaggerated.
A temporary sequestration of a sum, not short of seven millions sterling, owing to the merchants of Great Britain from the citizens of the United States—for the war must, of necessity, suspend all remittances.
The loss of an annual sale of near four millions sterling of our manufactures, at a moment when the industry of the country can ill afford such an abstraction; and the probable loss of that market for ever, as the people of the United States might make such progress in manufactures during the war, as totally to banish foreign articles.
The loss of employment for two hundred and thirty thousand tons of shipping. This astonishing quantity of British shipping being annually laden in the ports of the U. States, as appears by the clearances from their custom houses, in the year following August 1789.
The exposure of our commerce, the most valuable part of which passes immediately before their harbours, to the severest predatory warfare it has ever suffered—as the numerous and active shipping of America would be instantly converted from the purposes of commerce to those of war.
The deep distress to our West India possessions, from a total privation of supplies essential to their subsistence. To this scourge every recent conquest would be but an additional throe.
Intending to confine his remarks to inevitable consequences, the writer of these observations forbears any opinion on the fate of our remaining colonial possessions on the continent of America.
It may only be necessary to observe, that all these consequences are to be encountered for no object, or for such an object as it would be an impeachment of the national justice and good sense to admit as a cause of war.
The United States of America, from their remote situation and rapid growth, are internally invulnerable by any power whatever—and, externally considered, it would certainly be political suicide on the part of the commercial and manufacturing nations of Europe (supposing the measure practicable) to compel them to relinquish their trade and live at home. This they certainly could do, considering their habits, with less sacrifice, and considering their resources, with greater convenience than any other people.
These consequences comprehend no part of the additional expense to be incurred in the event of war with America—what that will be, may be easily inferred from what it has been.
The Americans compute the number of their ships taken in the West Indies at 150; and the loss sustained in consequence of the captures made by the English and the Algerines, which, in their present temper, they always, couple, at seven millions of dollars, about a million and a half sterling.
Notice.
A PETITION will be presented to the next general Assembly of Virginia praying for the division of Amherst County.
A FREEHOLDER of Amherst.
TAKEN up by Robert Scott of Campbell County on the Otter river, a red heifer marked in the following manner, viz. with an under keel in the right ear, and a half spade in the left, the end of her tail is white—and about two years old.—From the information of said Scott the said heifer came on his plantation last summer.
The said heifer is appraised to four as polled and the appraisers satisfied before me this 12th 806.
BENJN. W. PORTER. HENRY BELL. ES DEERING, A Co-y. Teste, JOHN ALEXANDER, D. C.
LYNCHBURG.
THURSDAY AUGUST 23, 1806.
Subscribers to the Star who live in the counties of Franklin, Patrick, and Henry, are respectfully informed that Robert Morris, Esq. Attorney at Law, who practices in the Courts of those Counties, will receive subscriptions, and subscription-money, and grant receipts for the same. The want of opportunity can no longer be an excuse for non-payment, as Mr. Morris's attendance will be regular.
To punctilious subscribers who have complied with the original Stat-terms, we tender our best thanks: their aid has been essential—they have our gratitude. To such as intend to pay, we invite the performance with all possible despatch. To such as are Stoically modest, we beg leave to hint that they shall scarcely be able to elude our grasp. Would it not then be better to affect promptitude and punctuality, and make a merit of necessity?
For payment for certain jobs and advertisements, we have been occasionally cajoled—pro tem! —bamboozled a little,—but we most solemnly protest against being the victim, either of address, management, or dupery. We proclaim that, by warrant or otherwise, in proportion to the magnitude of the claim, and the fitness of opportunity, payment shall be enforced . This to be true, may it please your Worships, is off-handed, point-blank work, but it is as indispensable as it is just: and that no man may have pretext for complaint, time-ly notice is given.
Resignation AND Congressional Election.
Christopher Clark, Esq. Representative in Congress for the District composed of the Counties of Bedford, Franklin, Patrick, and Henry, has, we are informed, resigned his seat in our national councils. To fill this important station, writes for a new election, will, doubtless, be soon issued. There are, we hear, two candidates:—William A. Burwell, and Henry Callaway, Esquires, both of Franklin County, and both representatives in the last General Assembly of Virginia.
This is the same Mr. Burwell who in that session, loyally supported the petition of the citizens of Patrick and Henry, on the all important question of calling a convention for the Revision and amendment of the State Constitution .—Mr. B's arguments and observations on the subject were deemed pertinent and interesting. It will be but justice to the district, and to all parties, as ability and integrity are primary considerations, to give the Speech at full length.— It shall be given in our next .—Let then the concerned judge for themselves.
AT a meeting of the Members of the Bar of Amherst Court at the Court-house of the said County on Wednesday the 20th day of August, 1806.
Resolved unanimously that the Members of this Bar will wear crape on the left arm for two months in testimony of their esteem and affection for their deceased Brother JOSIAH LEAKE.
A Raleigh paper states, that the rains have been so abundant as to swell the creeks to such a degree, that the mills erected on them were destroyed.
About a week ago, some of the fanatical denomination of Shakers passed thro' this place. Governed by the whims of imagination, one of them (a preacher too) supposed, it appears, that the "God of order" directed him to walk along the street NAKED! Accordingly at one end of the street he stripped himself entire, and with his clothes over one arm, his hat in the other hand, led his horse all the way down the main street; crying as he went along, "Wo, wo, to the inhabitants of this place, for the judgements of God are hovering over them!" As soon as he got to the woods, he again put on his clothes;—when he was overtaken and brought back, before a magistrate. After some detention, (in which he gloried, as suffering persecution like the apostles of old) he was allowed to go his way. In justification of his strange conduct, he cited the example of the prophet Isaiah —(20, 2, 3,) and yet he was continually repeating, "Old things are past away; all things are become new!" But no doubt, his flexible and fertile imagination can reconcile any contradiction.
Ken. Danville.
From Rotterdam.
Capt. Webbe, arrived at Boston on Sunday last, from Rotterdam, whence he failed the 13th June, informs that prince Louis Bonaparte had arrived at the Hague, accompanied by a numerous and splendid retinue, and was proclaimed king the next day. Great preparations had been made for the coronation; and the sum of 250,000 guilders ordered to be raised for the purpose of rendering the establishment worthy the nation, and the illustrious prince appointed to reign over it.
Capt. W. further advises, that the English continue their captures of Prussian vessels, which are immediately tried and condemned. That neutral vessels are suffered to enter the ports of Amsterdam, Rotterdam, &c. without detention, and that markets are generally good.
[From the Norfolk Herald.]
The unprecedented rigor which Mr. Osborn, Editor of "The Witness" has lately been treated with in his loathsome prison, induced a number of the citizens of this Borough to meet at the Eagle Tavern, on Thursday evening, when, we are told, some spirited resolutions were entered into in support of the liberty of the press, to tend Mr. O. speedy relief, and to assist his paper; to which upwards of one hundred immediately subscribed.
Boston, August 6. DIED.
On Monday, Mr. CHARLES AUSTIN, aged 11 years, the eldest son of the hon. Benj. Austin, Esq. in consequence of a pistol discharged in State Street, of which he almost instantly expired.—The coroner's inquest, which was immediately summoned, returned a verdict of "WILFUL MURDER by the hand of THOMAS O. SELFRIDGE, with malice aforethought."
The universal sentiment of commiseration and abhorrence which this melancholy event has excited in every class of the community, has never been equalled since the fatal massacre of the 5th of March, 1770.
We are informed the republican citizens of Charles town, Roxbury, Cambridge, and other towns in the vicinity of Boston, propose this day to pay their last respects to the remains of that amiable, valued and virtuous youth, Mr. Charles Austin.
This afternoon the remains of Mr. Charles Austin will be borne from his father's house to the family tomb. He was a young man in the bloom of youth, of unblemished morals, and respectable literary requirements. Modest and ingenuous, all who knew him were his friends, and it needed only to see him to be prepossessed in his favor. In the nineteenth year of his age he has bid a sad adieu to the flattering prospects of his life which were just opening to his enjoyment. His life, short as it was, had been sufficiently long to secure to him the love, respect and esteem of his acquaintance; and the remotest stranger, when he hears the faithful story of his death, will be pierced with regret for his unmerited and untimely fate.
In the Evening Post of New-York we find the following statement.
Extract of a letter just received from a friend in Boston.
"This day (August 4.) an unhappy fracas took place on Change between Mr. Thomas O. Selfridge and Charles Austin, son of the supposed editor of the Chronicle. Mr. Selfridge, after receiving repeated blows, shot him through the heart. The particulars I will give you in my next. The immediate source of the rencontre was the posting advertisement of Austin senior, by Selfridge, in the Boston Gazette of this day."
The following is the advertisement alluded to.
Ev. Post.
AUSTIN POSTED.
Benjamin Austin, loan officer, having acknowledged that he had circulated an infamous falsehood concerning my professional conduct, in a certain cause, and having refused to give the satisfaction due to a gentleman in similar cases—I hereby publish said Austin as a COWARD, a LIAR, and a SCOUNDREL; and if said Austin has the effrontery to deny any part of the charge, he shall be silenced by the most irrefragable proof.
THOMAS O. SELFRIDGE. Boston, August 4, 1806.
* * * P. S. The various Editors in the U. S. are requested to insert the above notice in their journals; and their bills shall be paid to their respective agents in this town.
ANECDOTE.
Of the great and constitutional judge, lord chief justice Holt.
In the reign of queen Anne, in 1704, several freemen of the borough of Aldeburgh had been refused the liberty of voting at an election for a member of parliament, though they proved their qualifications as such. The law in this case imposes a fine on the returning officer of 1000l. for every offence. On this principle they applied to lord chief justice Holt who desired the officer to be arrested. The house of commons alarmed at this step, passed an order in the house to make it penal for either judge, counsel or attorney, to assist at the trial. However, the lord chief justice, and several lawyers, were hardy enough to oppose this order, and brought it on in the court of King's bench. The house, highly irritated at this contempt of their order, sent a serjeant at arms for the judge to appear before them; but that resolute defender of the laws bade him with a voice of authority, be gone; on which they sent a second message by their speaker, atten-
ded by as many members as espoused the measure. After the speaker had delivered the message, his lordship replied to him in the following remarkable words: "Go back to your chair, Mr. Speaker, within these five minutes, or you may depend on it I will send you to Newgate: you speak of your authority, but I tell you I sit here as an interpreter of the laws, and a distributor of justice; and were the whole house of commons in your belly, I would not stir one step." The speaker was prudent enough to retire, and the house were equally prudent to let the affair drop.
And an independent judiciary was undeniably proven to be a public benefit of inestimable worth.
From the Long-Island Intelligencer.
The following extract is from the minutes of the Conferences of the Methodist Episcopal Church in America for the year 1806.
The addition of 10,825 members to one branch of the Church of Christ, in one year, must afford particular pleasure to every man who knows the value of genuine religion, to every one who has experienced its salutary influence upon his own mind, and duly observed or considered its blessed effect upon society.
Her ways are ways of pleasantness, and all her paths are peace.
RECAPITULATION.
   Whites. Color.     Western Conference 22,057 30   S. Carolina Do. 22,665 4,889   Virginia Do. 25,697 4,548   Baltimore Do. 18,922 7,221   Philadelphia Do. 22,142 9,742   New-York Do. 22,631 62   N. England Do. 9,149 62   Total 103,314 27,257   Total last year 139,570   119,945   20,745  
N. B. Agreeable to the returns published in the said minutes, there are more than one and thirty thousand of the Methodist Episcopal Church, in America, exclusive of those in Nova-Scotia, N. Brunswick and the various West India Islands, which if added, would make about 130,000 in America. And we are informed by good authority, that from the best calculations that can be made, by the Bishops and Ministers of the said Methodist Church, that their congregations, in the United States, are collectively about one million of hearers.—We are further informed, from the most authentic source, that it has been only forty years since the first appearance of Methodism in America. What an astonishing increase! Surely, This is the Lord's doing, and it is marvellous in our eyes!
PHILADELPHIA, August 11.
We understand that advices of a very unpleasant nature have been received from Halifax. The court of admiralty at that place, it is said, have determined to condemn all produce of enemy ports, whether it be found on board neutral ships importing the same or otherwise. By this latitude of condemnation, it follows, that the whole of our foreign trade will be entirely destroyed. Admiral Berkeley, who was so successful to that nation, had not arrived. It therefore does not clearly appear whether this destructive principle is derived from recent orders or not.
Relf.
August 12
Extract of a letter from Captain John Hand, jr. of the Schooner Carolina , of Alexandria, dated Port Spain, (Trinidad.) July 8, 1806.
"On the 21st of June, in latitude 14, longitude 58, was boarded by two French line of battle ships, who took from us about 140 barrels of flour, all the beans and cheese and the greater part of the hams, and never gave us the scrap of a pen for them."
From the Medical and Agricultural Register.
DR. ADAMS.
The following is the mode of curing butter I believe was practiced first in the parish of Udney, in Great Britain. An account of it has some time since been published in this country; it is however, yet far from being generally known, and many to whom it is known have not paid it that attention, which the importance of the thing requires; I have therefore a wish it may appear in the Register.
Take two parts of the best common salt, one part of sugar, and one part of saltpeter, beat them together, and blend the whole completely; take one ounce of this composition for every sixteen ounces of butter, work it well into the mass, and close it up for use.
The above by some is used in this proportion—ten ounces of salt to four ounces of clean sugar.
The following is the commendation given of this practice in the Pennsylvania Farmer .
"The butter cured by this mixture appears of a rich-marrowy consistence, and fine colour, and never acquires hardness nor takes salt; it cuts as soon after being kept three years as at first. It must be noted, that butter thus cured requires to stand three weeks or a month before it is fit to be used; if it be sooner opened the salt is not completely blended with it, and sometimes the coolsness of the mire will then be perceived, which totally disappears afterwards."
This mixture will not cost more than about one cent by the ounce, which is sufficient for curing one pound of butter. Country farmers, is not this worthy your attention? As much so as sweet butter is better, and bears a higher price than that which is strong and frothy. Besides, it affords to the dairy woman a settled rule, in an operation, which, in the way it is usually practiced, is done without rule or uniformity. I cannot but think, were people to adopt the mode here recommended, they would soon be convinced of the importance of it. Every one knows the superiority of mass, preserved by a proportion of salt and sugar with common salt, and it cannot but be expected that the same should be the case in respect to butter.
A LOVER OF GOOD BUTTER. Suffolk County, May, 1806.
MODERN CHIVALRY—CHAP. V.
It was a legal proceeding in this village, that when any one was suspected of insanity, a commission of lunacy issued and an enquiry was held to ascertain the fact. An inquisition was held at this time on the body of a man, and it was the right of the defendant, when the evidence on the part of the commonwealth was closed, to be heard in his defence. On this occasion the accused person made use of his privilege.
THE MADMAN'S DEFENCE.
Fellow Citizens,
It is an awkward situation in which you see me placed, to be obliged to maintain that I am in my right mind, & not out of my senses. For even I speak sense—you may attribute it to a lucid interval. It is no difficult matter to fix any imputation upon a man. It is only to follow it up. Line upon line; precept upon precept; here a little and there a little. There is nothing but a man's own life, and a course of conduct that can rebut the calumny.—It is therefore in vain to answer in gazettes, or to go into streets and cry out falsehood. The more you take to defend yourself, the more it is fixed upon you. For the bulk of mankind are on the side of the calumniator, and would rather have a thing true, than false. I believe there would be no better way than for a man to join in, and slander himself, until the weight of obloquy become so great, that the public would revolt, and from believing all believe nothing. I have known this tried with success. But how can one rebut the imputation of madness? How disprove insanity? The highest excellence of understanding, and madness, like the two ends of a right line, turned to a circle are said to come together.
Nullum magnum ingenium sine mania dementia. Great wits to madness sure are near allied; And thin partitions do the bounds divide.
Hence you will infer that I may appear rational, and quick of perception, and even just in judgement, for a time, and yet be of deranged intellect. What can I tell you but that it is the malice of my enemies, that have devised this reproach, in order to hinder my advancement in state affairs? It is true there are some things in my habit and manner that may give color to the charge—singularities. But a man of study and abstract thought will have singularities. A man of books will be absent in conversation and some times in business.
A man of books said the foreman of the jury! A scholar! You are a scholar, are you, as he; that is enough; we want no more. If you are not a madman you must be a knave, and that comes to the same thing. Say Gentlemen shall we find him guilty? What say you, is he mad?
 1. Juryman; he seems to be a little cracked.  2. He does not appear to be right in his head.  3. I cannot think him in his right mind.  4. He is beside himself doubtless.  5. Crazy.  6. Out of his head.  7. D-ranged.  8. Insane.  9. Mad.  10. Stark mad.  11. Mad as a march hare.  12. Fit for Bedlam. 
Vere Est—Lunacy. The court to whom the inquisition was returned, thought it a hard case, as there was no other evidence than his own confession of being addicted to

books, and gave leave to move an arrest of judgement, and ordered him before themselves for an examination. Are you a man of books? A little to. What books have you read? History, Divinity, Belles Lettres. What is the characteristic of History? Fiction. Of Novels? Truth. Of Metaphysics? Imagination. Of Natural Philosophy? Doubt. What is the best lesson in Moral Philosophy? To expect no gratitude. What is the best qualification of a politician? Honesty. The next best? Knowledge. The next best? Fortitude. Who serves the people best? Not always him that pleases them most. It seems to the Court said the Chief Justice that the man is not altogether mad. He appears rational in some of his answers. We shall advise upon it.
IMPORTANT TO FARMERS.
We have seen a Liverpool price current of American produce, as late as the 18th of June, from which we have made the following quotations: Duty unpaid. lb.    Tobacco—York and James river,  03  1-4  05  1-2    Rappahannock  03   06     Potomack  03  1-4  05     Georgia  03   04     Carolina  03   04  1-2    Stemmed  06   09     Maryland brown  04   05     Colozing  05  1-2  07     Kitefoot  08   09     Remark.—The very heavy duty which the manufactures now pay on the tobacco, occasions their decidedly preferring the good and fine qualities; such, therefore, meet a pretty ready sale, whilst the inferior are little required for, the export demand at present being very limited. The total stock is only about 2500 hds. and the present quotations are expected to be supported.  After payment of duty.    Grain, Wheat 11s. 6d a 12s. 6d to 70 lbs  Win. But.    Rye     Indian Corn  none.    Flour, Wheat sup. 45 0—46 0 bbl.     Fine 43 0—44 0     No Flour or Meal made from grain, can now be imported into Great Britain, excepting that which is made from Wheat and Oats.  Remark.—The demand for imported grain and flour continues limited, which is contrary to the opinion of those who are generally considered the best informed on the subject. The present quotations are expected to be fully supported, unless the supplies should prove considerable.  Enquirer.
Bell's Weekly Messenger of January 12, (a London paper of about 10 years standing) says "The sale of the last number of the Weekly Messenger was ten thousand four hundred and fifty." It is sold for ready money at seven pence halfpenny sterling, producing weekly about 3261. and annually, 16,952. equal to 70,340 dollars. The Star and Morning Chronicle are the most productive papers in London, of each are issued about 5,000 per day, 30,000 per week, 1,560,000 per year, which at six pence each is 39,000. or 173,332 dollars. In the United States, bad pay has ever proved the bane of newspapers, whereas an European editor as punctiliously receives his pay as a miller does his toll. Never have we observed in a paper from Europe, language bearing the smallest resemblance to what follows: "All persons indebted to the editor of this gazette, are earnestly called on to make immediate payment!"  [Providence paper.]
General Miranda.
We have this morning seen a letter from an officer on board the Leander, dated Trinidad, July 18, from which we have been politely indulged with the following Extract: "It is reported that Sir John Borlais Warren has arrived at Barbadoes. His intention in coming to the West Indies is to join and assist Gen. Miranda: he is said to have brought dispatches to General Boyer, at Barbadoes, commander in chief in the West Indies, authorizing and requesting him to render every possible assistance in prosecuting the expedition."
Every thing now presents a prospect of certain success. A few short days will resolve my future happiness and prosperity. Should we succeed, and I survive, my present anticipations, though sanguine, will not, I trust, prove chimerical: if we fail, my life I expect will pay the forfeit. Should fortune frown on mankind, and deny success, to the noble endeavours of Gen. Miranda, life or death will be indifferent to me: for I never could return to my native country, to bear the humiliating scoffs & sneers (perhaps) of all my friends. While the warm breath of life flows thro' my bosom—while yet there is the most distant prospect of success, I will preserve the glorious phantom, and resign my life in the cause of liberty.
Yesterday information was received, that Don Pedro Mina, the general's particular and most influential friend had assembled an army of fifteen thousand men, and was advancing towards Caraccas: that the enemies of liberty, few in number, were retreating with equal speed. Gen. Mina begs that no delay or procrastination may take place; he requests that we come and join him immediately; says he has every thing prepared for the officers; and only awaits our junction to commence more effectual operations.
"Our departure from this, will take place I presume, in a few days—I should be happy if it were tomorrow. We shall be joined here by a very considerable reinforcement. Our force that is military will consist of about fifteen hundred men, including officers; a small part of which we procured at Barbadoes, the remainder at this place. We are in momentary expectation of the arrival of two frigates from Barbadoes, this I believe is all that detains us at present. Capt. Wood of the Schooner American from Trinidad, from which the foregoing was received, states, that on the day he sailed, he understood an order was given for the troops to embark, and that the naval force which he saw at Trinidad, consisted of the ship Leander, of 18 guns; the British ship of war Lilly of 20 guns; the government brigs Express and Granada; four schooners, and five or six gun boats. He also understood that two frigates were expected to join them N. Y. Paper.
HENRY INGERSOL, whose name is in the list of Prisoners taken on board Miranda's Schooner is a son of Mr. Jonathan Ingersol of Stockbridge in this county. He went to New York last November to spend the winter in that city; and was among the inconsiderate young men who rashly embarked with the Spanish adventurer. When he failed, he was under the age of 21 years. Before falling he notified his father in a letter, that he had engaged in a hazardous secret expedition which was "not authorized nor known by the government of the U. S." He wrote again from Jacmel in the Island of St. Domingo. N. Y. Ev. Post.
An apothecary at Fowey, has it writ ten over his door—"all sorts of dying stuff sold here."
Rev. Mr. H. a gentleman of singular humour, and brother to a no less singular law peer, retired to ease and independence, as the Rector of —— in the county of Kent. Being a justice of the peace, he was frequently teased with petty idle differences among the inhabitants of the place. Not being willing to be broken in upon with such frivolous complaints, when application was made to him for redress of some imaginary injury, his custom was to dismiss them, with saying, "he would lend for them when he had leisure, to attend to their business." The first rainy day that next happened, he took care to send for the parties, and received them sitting in the porch of the door, which just proved shelter for himself and his clerk, the complainants were obliged to stand exposed to the inclement sky all the while uncovered, to pay proper respect to the king's justice of the peace. By these means he soon entirely cured the country folks in the neighbourhood of litigious dispositions. His blunt manner of enforcing wholesome truths as a clergyman, was as remarkable as his peculiarity in the commission of the peace. One Sunday as he was preaching on moral duties from these words: "Render therefore unto all their due"—in explaining his text, he observed, that there were duties which a man owed to himself as well as to others: "And," added he "when they are not attended to, I never have a good opinion of that man. For this reason," he proceeded, turning to a particular part of his church, "I never had a good opinion of you, John Trot, since you sold me those sheep, six months ago, and have never called for the money"  [Lav. paper.]
In the course of the French Revolution, when one of the largest mobs which had been seen in Paris, then famous for its mobs, was proceeding to the Temple, to do violence to some of the prisoners, the constituted authorities caused to be stretched across a street, through which they would of necessity pass, a ribbon, on which was inscribed "Citizens, respect the laws." The mob came tumultuously forward—but at sight of the ribbon, slackened their pace—halted, and in a few moments shouted "Vive la Loi," and withdrew.
Several of the natives of Otaheite and New Zealand having been carried by different vessels to Botany Bay, Gov. KING, with equal humanity and wisdom, had them summoned to the Government House, where they were informed that they were free, and might serve whom they pleased; that, in case of any ill-usage, they might complain to him; and that they might apply to the Government Artificers for gratuitous instruction in several useful trades. One had immediately been placed under the Superintendent of the Smiths, the other under the Carpenters, and both were highly pleased with the prospect of returning with their valuable skill to their native country. Thus will European arts be introduced into the farthest known Islands of the Southern Sea.
The Female Eye.
A modern Writer gives the following enumeration of the expression of a female eye: the glare, the stare, the leer, the frown, the invitation, the defiance, the denial, the consent, the glance of love, the flash of rage, the sparkling of hope, the languishment of softness, the squint, of suspicion, the fire of jealousy, and the lustre of pleasure.
An apprentice wanted.
A LAD of about 12 or 15 years of age, brisk and well disposed, will be taken as an apprentice to the Printing Business. Star Office—Lynchburg.
Black Smith
FROM the pressure of employment in the HORSE SHOEING line, and from the encouragement of my friends and the public in general in the BLACKSMITH'S BUSINESS I would wish to employ a sober, well disposed and good Journeyman to the said trade. TWO brisk apprentices will be taken to the above business. GEORGE ROBERTS. Lynchburg, August 26th, 1806.
Lynchburg, Aug. 25, 1806. Amherst, June Court, 1806.
James Wills, jun. Plt. } IN AGAINST } Chancery. John Johnson and John Higginbotham, jun. Dfs }
THE defendant John Johnson not having entered his appearance and given security according to the act of Assembly and the rules of this Court, and it appearing to the satisfaction of the court, that he is not an inhabitant of this country: On the motion of the plaintiff by his attorney, It is ordered that he appear here on the third Monday in October next, and answer the plaintiff's bill, and that a copy of this order be inserted in the Lynchburg Star for two months successively, and posted up at the front door of the court-house of our said county on two successive court days.
A Copy. Teste, W. S. CRAWFORD, C. A. C.
NOTICE.
A PETITION will be presented to the next General Assembly of Virginia praying the establishment of a FERRY across James River, from the lands of James Waugh, in Amherst County to the lands of Tamberlane W. W. Davis, in Bedford County. JAMES WAUGH.
July 19, 1806. 3m
PROPOSALS. FOR PUBLISHING BY SUBSCRIPTION. THE WORKS OF Dr. Benjamin Franklin, Philosophical, Political, and Literary. [Hominum verumque repertor.]
The publication of the writings of Dr. Franklin, in a complete edition, was long contemplated by the late Benjamin Franklin Bache, his Grandson, who transcribed the copy which was devised to Mr. W. Temple Franklin, for the purpose. It was originally designed that the corrected edition should appear in three languages, and in England, Germany, France and America, at the same time; this design was frustrated by the device (W. Temple Franklin) who it is now believed sacrificed the work and the honorable trust reposed in him, for money; to the immense hatred of the English Ministry against the deceased age.
As soon as this fact was known, the present editor of the Aurora turned his attention to the collection of every paper and circumstance which could tend to preserve and do honor to the memory of a man to whom America is so much indebted; and who as he was the first that from his genius and talents reflected back lustre on his native country, must continue to be ranked to the latest posterity, among its greatest benefactors and ornaments.
This edition will be published from the copies revised and corrected by Dr. Franklin, the corrections of which are in the hand writing of the author, and may be seen by any gentleman, in the possession of the editor of the Aurora. Early admiration of Dr. Franklin's education, in veneration and reverence of his character—combined with other incidental circumstances not necessary to be pointed out, have concurred to favour the collection by the present editor, of the best materials that could be obtained after the sacrifice of the work by the devisee. With some industry and with some expense he has possessed himself, not only of the copy with the corrections and additions in Dr. Franklin's hand writing; but also of several articles which have never appeared in any former collection, and of several which have never appeared in print.
Proposals would have appeared long since in this city, had not an advertisement of an intended edition, been published in the English prints; the present editor, thought it might yet be possible that the edition advertised, was that which Mr. Temple Franklin was entitled with; but it now appears that the English edition is only a republication of the former compilation with some small additions; but still very deficient, on a comparison with the corrected papers in the hands of the editor.
The whole will now be carefully collected, and the work executed in a style worthy of the great patriarch of American liberty, and apostle of the American press. The additional papers will form at least a volume, perhaps more—the authentic papers already printed, form three & it is intended to begin with the second volume, which will be put to press immediately; and to publish the Biography last, so that such additional particulars as may throw any useful light on the life of this great man, may be engrafted on his memoirs; to obtain which, and other important materials, the editor will spare neither pains nor expense. Gentlemen who may be possessed of authentic or original papers, or correspondence of Dr. F. or who can give information where any are to be found, will render public service by communicating them to the editor.
CONDITIONS.
The work will be elegantly printed, on a new small pica type, and pale vellum paper in large octavo. The work will be ornamented with numerous engravings, a vignette to each volume—a whole length portrait from the best likeness allowed to be in existence, now in the possession of..... The price of each volume will be 2 dollars 50 cents, payable on delivery only. Subscriptions will be received at the Bookstore of Wm. Duane, No. 106, Market Street, Philadelphia, and in Pennsylvania avenue, Washington City; and by other booksellers and private gentlemen, whose names will be notified in the several States of the union, in due time.
10 Dollars Reward
RANAWAY from the subscriber in Bedford County, six miles above the Court-house, State of Virginia, on the first of this inst. a NEGRO MAN BOB, about 30 years of age, five feet nine or ten inches high, stout made, of a tanny complexion, and has a small piece taken off each ear. It is supposed he will make for the state of Ohio, or some other route northerly—His clothing of various description, a mong which are a calico round-about coat, and a ditty vest.—The above reward will be given to any person delivering said Negro to me in Bedford County, or a reasonable one for securing him in any Jail of the commonwealth, and giving me word so that I get him again. JOHN P. GRAY.
August 16th, 1806. 000W
Just received and for sale at the Star-Office—Price 50 cents—a PAMPHLET entitled SKEETCHES of the History of France FROM THE EARLIEST HISTORICAL ACCOUNTS To the present time.....1806. With some remarks concerning the Life and Achievements of the celebrated NAPOLEON BONAPARTE, now Emperor of France. [By an American.]
Of this very interesting Pamphlet, notice has already been taken in the Star.—It contains a correct and succinct detail of the principal facts and occurrences during the period specified, and the greater and most important part of Bonaparte's official communications, as French General, Consul, and Emperor. The style is energetic, concise, and classical.
As a Court held for Amherst County at the Court house the eighteenth day of June, eighteen hundred and six.
Major James Benjamin } Coffland, Compt. } In Chancery AGAINST John Smith, Deft. }
THE defendant not having entered his appearance and given security according to the Act of Assembly, and the rules of this Court, and it appearing to the satisfaction of the Court that he is not an inhabitant of this State, and without the jurisdiction of this Court, on the motion of the complainant by his Counsel, it is ordered that the defendant do appear here on the third Monday in October next, and answer the complainant's bill, and that a copy of this order be forthwith inserted in the Lynchburg Star for eight weeks successively and posted up at the front door of the Court-house of this County, on some Court day.
A Copy, Teste, W. S. CRAWFORD C. A. C.
NOTICE.
THE Public are respectfully informed that the subscriber wishes to rent or lease the Tenement whereon Reuben Bagby now lives; it being a part of his estate lying on the Fluvanna River, in the County of Amherst, and within four miles of Lynchburg—Apply at my residence in Buckingham County, near Willie's Mountain.
L. BOLLING.
July 31, 1806. 3w
NOTICE.
AGREEABLE to a Decree of the County Court of Bedford, will be exposed to sale on the 10th day of October next, for ready money, a
TRACT OF LAND,
the property of Sandford Holley, lying in the County of Bedford, and containing 254 acres, to satisfy a debt due from the said Sandford Holley to Holley's administrators:—the sale to take place on the premises.
Julius Hatcher, Charles Stewart, Benj. Robertson, William Rucker, David North. } Commrs. July 29th, 1806. 3v.
To Rent,
FOR a year or term of years, and possession given on the first of January next, the
STONE TAVERN
in the Town of Warren, in Albemarle County, which is at present occupied by the subscriber; the tenement is in good repair, and there is attached to it, about fifteen acres of excellent land inclosed and in cultivation; it is an eligible stand, there being no other tavern in the place, and terms will be made easy.
JOHN STAPLES.

Insolent Syed
Miscellany.
From the Providence Phoenix.
MR. OLNEY. Enclosed is a poetical effusion from the pen of BELLECK OSBORN, Esq., editor of that well conducted Journal the Witness...
THE SAILOR.
By Belleck Osborn.
The weary sea-bird screams afar; Along the waves dire omens sweep; From the veil'd sky no friendly star Beams on the undulating deep!...
Cement.
Some time ago, there appeared in the public papers an account of the presumed discovery or re-discovery of the Egyptian Cement by Doctor Dexter of Boston. In a more recent paper of Mr. Poulton's, there is a reply to the article, in which Dr. Dexter is rebuked for assuming as a discovery, what has been no secret in the East Indies...
the houses in the East Indies, nor even at Madras are built of Chunam , tho' they are built WITH IT; and what is more extraordinary, our brick and stone houses in America are likewise built with Chunam , for Chunam is neither more nor less, without addition or subtraction, in plain English lime .
Chunam is lime, and lime is Chunam ; but the secret discovered, or re-discovered by Dr. Dexter, is the incorporation of Sugar with the compound called mortar , made up of lime, water and sand . I find in an essay of Doctor Franklin and in his hand writing published in 1744, but which I find set down in a late London edition as published in 1745, on the subject of fire places...
To obviate the mistake of the writer who signs Chunam , perhaps, the following particulars may be worthy of attention, they will at least correct the misapprehension or mistake of Chunam . The buildings of Hindostan, calculated for duration, are in the level countries of Bengal and the Carnatic, constructed with burnt brick ; this is the material indeed generally throughout India, of which pagodas and palaces are constructed. The chief ingredient of the cement or mortar is lime . In Bengal, and on the Coromandel coast, where no lime stone (nor in Bengal none of any kind) is to be had, the lime is of course shell lime . The shell lime of Coromandel is celebrated for its excellence; but this apparent excellence is certainly attributable as much to the lengthened and systematic labor bestowed upon the work as to any intrinsic quality; for the beauty, smoothness and durability of the plaster and stucco works of the Carnatic are not to be surpassed; they exceed the like works in Bengal; where less pains are bestowed on the plaster—or in other words where the trowel does not pass over the surface so frequently, or with so much care and dexterity. The composition of the plaster of the walls, and what is more, of the floors—and of the roofs (all flat roofs like floors!)—are of the same materials, for the ravages of white ants have rendered wooden roots utterly useless or only temporarily so; and comfort and convenience has rendered the flat roofs both desirable and commodious—the evenings are spent in social parties on the roof—as we spend our evenings in cool perambulations. The mortar of the walls of houses in India, is composed of exactly similar, with very little additional materials, as that employed in Europe and America. It is the plastering or exterior coat of the upright walls—the floors—and the upper surface of the roof, in which the cement advertised to be used; this is laid on, over a coat or two coats of coarse mortar, and the composition of the coarse coat—and the superfine polished cement is from certain proportions of the following materials. The coarse mortar—This is composed of shell lime —well sifted; pit sand : jorky , that is brick dust , mixed with river water, and four cows milk. The plaster or outer coat—The lime for this is prepared with great care, and the unburnt parts of the shells carefully separated—to a given portion of this lime, is added pit sand finely sifted and washed; jorky or pounded brick dust, a given quantity; and jaggery , or the juice of the sugar cane , expressed without boiling, a certain quantity; the proportions of these materials, are matters of dispute between the learned in architectural economy; but as the spirit of experiment does not animate the Hindus, nor any chemical ideas enlarge their minds, they use implicitly the proportions which they may remember to have been used by their fathers.—If there is any advantage in the thing, and experience shews that there is, the more enlarged spirit of experimental enquiry among us may reduce the matter to its definite rules. COAH. Aurora.
ACKNOWLEDGED PRINCIPLES Every man of every party will subscribe to these principles. That state of society is the best in which no man can be injured without redress.
That must be an excellent state of society in which moral obligations—truth—and the general principles of justice are observed universally, and strictly, and where it is disgraceful to violate either. Where the community is thus morally and exactly virtuous, the trial by jury is of all others the most secure against injustice. In such a state of society it would be scarcely possible to find bad men—or to chuse bad magistrates. In such a state of society, shame would overtake the greatest and most powerful criminal. In such a state of society the humblest man would feel confident security, love of his country and gratitude to God. In such a state of society, no man could be wronged with impunity. No man could be oppressed with impunity to the oppressor. No man's industry could be torn from him under false pretences, without exciting universal indignation and condign punishment on the oppressor. No man could be torn from his wife, his children, or his home—to satiate the malice or the vengeance of an evil minded man or a wicked combination of men. In a society truly virtuous, truly practicing according to the profession of the christian faith, with hope and charity—nothing could be said or done, or countenanced, contrary to these principles. Will any man dispute these principles? Are they not indisputable? Is not our form of government founded on such principles? Have we arrived at that state of perfect virtue and exact justice which these principles describe? If we have not—ought we not to aim at the accomplishment of such a happy state of virtuous freedom, united with security and independence? It is said that our nature is depraved and that reformation is vain to attempt—yet religion tells us that reformation is not in vain—that reformation is practicable and necessary. But it is said, that ideas of perfection are visionary. Yet it must be admitted that it is better to pursue perfection though it may be imperfectly attained, than to remain in ignorance, abject servility, stupidity, or the habits of prejudice or vice—because the pursuit of the former may produce some good and can produce no evil; while a countenance under any of the opposite circumstances, even the most innocent state, that of ignorance, is itself pernicious to society, and meanness, prejudice and vice, are but the first foundations of crimes and misfortunes to society. But let us particularize the application of some of our principles. How do our laws and the practice in what are called our courts of justice, accord with these rational, moral, and christian principles? Apply these principles to the case of William Dickson , printer at Lancaster. A man of the name of Wertz , who was a senator declared that overtures had been made indirectly to him, to accept a lucrative office and that he considered this as a bribe, for which he was expected to give his votes.— Wertz declared this—to several—he does not deny it to this day. Dickson published what Wertz said, and what his prosecutor knew Wertz did say; but Dickson was an honest man, who in his dealings bore as fair a character as any man in America, private or public; and he had a press most scrupulously devoted to truth, and adverse to grossness or deceit; and Dickson would not lend his press to favor those who deceived or cheated the public— Dickson was prosecuted and by management of jurors, lawyers, and judges — Dickson was imprisoned three months, and despoiled of the property acquired by his labor. While Wertz who declared, and continues now to declare what Dickson published was true—was not even prosecuted nor called upon to justify what was alleged by him constantly. Now apply the principles above stated to this case—and say have we arrived at such a state of perfect moral government as we ought; or as the gospel prescribes—for let it be kept in mind, that men who profess the gospel must be ruled and judged by it. But let us put another case. Many will scarcely believe that there can be a case so bad in a christian society. Yes, there is still a worse case—and in a part of the U. States too, which assumes more—talks more—and boasts more—and casts more about religious piety and ready habits of piety, and christian ministers—and zeal for religion—and gospel love—and the love of order—than any other part of the union. Yet, in Connecticut , the boasted habitation of freedom, a public officer of government, bound by the oath of his office, has openly rejected all claims upon justice, humanity and the
laws of the state. SALICK OSBORN , our fellow citizen, is imprisoned for the nonpayment of a fine imposed upon him by the county court in Litchfield county. He has offered sufficient bail for the liberty of the prison yard—yet that bail is refused. He has requested the liberty of attending public worship on the lord's day, in the prison bounds, by obtaining security that the privilege shall not be abused—yet that request is refused. While in confinement a madman just torn from the murder of a young woman of about twenty years of age, while in the height of his rage and his hands fresh with her blood, is inhumanly thrust into the cell—where SALICK OSBORN was alone, and on a bed of sickness.
Tous felons , the one indebted for murder and the other for a rape, are new, contrary to all former practice and the law of the state, confined in the same room with SALICK OSBORN . His friends are not permitted to go into the room to him; nor can they converse with him but standing out of doors through a small crevice in the stones, about two and a half feet long and four inches broad. His health is very much impaired; he has been dangerously ill owing to his severe confinement; and in all human probability an end will be put to his existence if the same course of treatment is pursued. Yes, citizens of America—this case now—at the moment you see and read the horrible narration—the case at this moment exists! And do you reproach Spain for her inquisition—or the savages of the woods for their tortures—do you, Americans, not blush that such an abomination is now indelibly stamped with infamy upon your national history, at a period when all mankind are invoking the meek genius of christianity and benevolence—and when even tyrants are abolishing cruel and barbarous punishments.
You may, generous reader, wish to know who and what Salick Osborn is? You may perhaps in the effort to excise the perpetrators of such barbarity—in the laudable desire which every good man entertains, to preserve to the authorities vested with legal power, the respect that may be due to them in the just and fair discharge of their duty—You may ask—Is not this Osborn some vagrant? Is he not some atrocious character, some man covered with crimes whom the law can reach no other way? Is he not an abandoned miscreant—for none else could surely be so treated without rousing and drawing down the vengeance of a virtuous people? Such questions would naturally arise, to account for cruelty so unparalleled, and such conclusions only could palliate, though fill they could not justify such cruelty—but
Reader— SALICK OSBORN , is neither a vagrant nor miscreant—he has not, like some of those who oppress him, debauched any man's wife or daughter—he has not, like some of his oppressors, plundered the widow, and torn from the relief of an hero of the revolution the little that had escaped the wreck of the revolution in which her husband had fallen— Salick Osborn is a young man—and his greatest crime perhaps is that his virtues are a living reproach to his oppressors; Salick Osborn , is a youth upon whose private life or his public—upon his deportment in his domestic home or in the circle of society, even malice has never had the hardihood to fix her fangs or fabricate a reproach—but above all, Salick Osborn is an object of envy, for that God who has given him the courage of manhood, and the spirit of virtue to resist tyranny even when his frame is unstrung by the infirmity of a delicate body, that same being has endowed him with genius that has already reflected lustre on the place of his birth, and which if not untimely cut off by the pius barbarity of Connecticut federalism — Salick Osborn is destined to do honor to his country and to compensate to human nature and to Connecticut, for the infamy cast upon her by his oppressors and his oppressors.
HYMNS.
Just published and for sale at the Star Office, (Price, Twenty Five Cents.)
A choice selection of Hymns:
This first part, contains the newest and so much admired Spiritual Songs practiced with such beneficial effects, during the late Camp, and other Meetings, in the counties of Amherst, and Bedford, and in the vicinity of Lynchburg.
GAMUTS
ALSO for sale at this Office.
PURSUANT to the within warrant to us directed, we have this day viewed an estray Horse shown to us by John Williams of Bedford County, and find the same to be a sorrel horse about eight or nine years old, and about five feet high, with a blaze face, and two large saddle spots on each side of his weather, also a white streak near the throat latch, with one hind foot white, and entirely bare foot: And appraise the same to ninety dollars. Certified under our hands this 12th day of May, 1806. WM. ROBERTSON. WM. WHITTEN. ROBERT MITCHELL. A Copy, Teste. J. STEPTOE, C. B. C.
VIRGINIA, to wit: At a Court held for Pittsylvania County the sixteenth day of June, 1806. John Morrice, Plf. AGAINST Joseph Matherley, and Zaccheus Seal, and Rachel Cook, Josiah Cook, Elizabeth Cook, Samuel Cook, and Nancy Cook, children and heirs of Josiah Cook deceased. Defs. IN Chancery.
THE Defendants not having entered their appearance and given security according to the act of Assembly, and the rules of this Court, and it appearing to the satisfaction of the Court that they are not inhabitants of this State, on the motion of the Plaintiff by his counsel, it is ordered that the said defendants do appear here on the third Monday in September next, and answer the Plaintiff's Bill, & that a copy of this order be forthwith published in some news paper of this State for eight weeks successively, and posted up at the front door of the Court-house of this County on some court day. A Copy, Teste. WILL. P. HARRISON, B. C. F. e.
THE partnership of Morris & Perkins at Lynchburg, is this day dissolved by mutual consent, all those indebted, and those holding claims for transactions at this place, are requested to come forward and have their accounts adjusted with Benjamin Perkins, or in his absence Mr. John Moore or John Perkins at the Stone house, who fully authorized to settle the business. BENJAMIN MORRIS. BENJAMIN PERKINS. August 8th, 1806.
IN conformity to a Decree of Bedford Court (Ward vs. Millburne) we shall proceed to sell on the premises for ready money, on Saturday 20 Sept. next, the LAND and its appurtenances, mentioned in the said Decree, lying in Bedford County, on the waters of M'Daniel's Creek, adjoining the Lands of Col. Thomas Leitwick, George Hackworth, &c.
Thomas Leitwick. John Clayton. Mark Anthony. Samuel Smith. 31st July, 1806. Compts.
VIRGINIA, to wit: At a Court continued and held for Pittsylvania County the 22nd day of July, 1806. John Wilson, Plf. AGAINST John Owen, Glen Owen, George Owen, James Rutledge, and his wife, formerly Owen, and Jenney Mulgrove formerly Jenney Owen, Defs. IN Chancery.
THE Defendants not having entered their appearance and given security according to the act of Assembly, and the rules of this Court, and it appearing to the satisfaction of the Court that they are not inhabitants of this State; On the motion of the plaintiff by his counsel, it is ordered that the said defendants do appear here on the third Monday in October next, and answer the Bill of the Plaintiff, and that copy of this order be forthwith published in some newspaper of this State for eight weeks successively, and posted up at the front door of the Court-house of this county on some court day. A Copy, Teste. WILL. TUNSTALL, C. P. C.
NOTICE.
I SHALL, Petition the next General Assembly of Virginia, for leave to build a WAREHOUSE, for the reception and inspection of Tobacco, on my lots in the Town of Lynchburg. ROWLAND JONES. 30th July, 1806.