Norfolk gazette and publick ledger (Norfolk [Va.]), 1806-08-06 00:00:00

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FROM THE WESTERN WORLD.
THE KENTUCKY ASSOCIATION, BLOUNT'S CONSPIRACY AND GENERAL MIRANDA'S EXPEDITION.
In the history of conspiracy and secret combination, of those which have affected the U. States, there are none of so extraordinary a nature, as the three above mentioned. 1st. The Kentucky Spanish Association was formed about 1785 or 1786, continued until 1790; but how much longer is uncertain. Its general supposed object, was the separation of Kentucky and the western territory from the United States, to add them to the Spanish monarchy. 2d. The conspiracy of governor Blount, was a plan projected in 1796, in conjunction with the British government, to invade the Spanish territories from Canada, aided by men enlisted within the United States, and by the Indians. 3d. The scheme of General Miranda, whatever it may be, is before this time either partly executed or defeated. The only authentic documents which have been published respecting it are, a letter from Stephen Sayre, which appeared in the Richmond, (Virginia) Enquirer some months since, and the memorials lately published of Samuel G. Ogden, and William S. Smith of New York to Congress.
Every circumstance which is clothed with the veil of mystery, naturally excites a greater degree of curiosity than incidents of more magnitude when open to the publick eye. It therefore not unfrequently happens that events of the former description are scrutinized more deeply, and in general terminate with more publicity to all concerned, than if the mask of secrecy had never been used. But the Kentucky Spanish association forms an exception to this remark. Twenty years have elapsed since the formation of this plan, which originated in the woods of Kentucky, to place the western territories under the dominion of Spain; and altho' a majority of the respectable inhabitants then residing in the state, are said to have combined for that purpose, yet their scheme was conducted with such secrecy and fidelity, that the particulars are at present only known to a very few individuals, with the exception of the parties immediately concerned. It would for us have ever remained buried in oblivion, were we convinced that all the agents of it had entirely abandoned their idea of effecting a division of the United States to the interest of some foreign power. But believing from various circumstances, that although the first plan has been long since dismissed, another scheme is in agitation; we deem it our duty to lay before the publick such general facts as have come within our knowledge, and which we are authorised to say may be substantiated in a court of justice. The conspiracy of Blount, and the late expedition of Miranda, in our opinion, may be traced to the same source, and are only similar speculations planned to a different direction. When we say they originated from the same source, we do not mean, however, to insinuate, that the members of the first association had a part in the two latter. On the contrary, we believe that very few of them, if any, had a knowledge either of Blount's conspiracy, or of general Miranda; but that the projectors of the first scheme led others connected with them to the adoption of the two last.
The idea of a set of men conspiring together, with the intention of transferring a portion of that country of which they are citizens to a foreign power, always carries with it such an appearance of the grossest treason, that it is with extreme difficulty, any palliation for the offence can be suffered. Yet if ever the attempt was pardonable, it was pardonable with several of the members of the Kentucky association. From the publick as well as private character of many of those concerned who are personally known to us, we are confident that only the most extreme necessity compelled them to take a part in the treasonable scheme.
It is extremely easy for those to prattle about liberty, independence, and patriotism, who are peaceably seated in the heart of a civilized country, and who never have experienced the calls of hunger, the fatigues of incessant marching for months together in the woods, and the horrors of an Indian war. But the situation of the Kentuckians at the period when this plan was projected, was very different from a state of peaceable quiet.—After having devoted the best period of their lives, to the establishment of the independence of their country; after having shed their blood in its defence, and submitted to all the ills of the revolutionary war, they saw themselves in the decline of age, unsupported by their country, and forced for a subsistence to traverse a wilderness of nature, where death lay concealed in every bush, and the scalping knife of the Indian threatened them at every step. When to those evils the enmity of the Spaniards was added on one side, and that of the Canadian government on the other; we
ought to pause and reflect on their situation. If a parallel is to be found in ancient history, it is the case of the Britons, and their celebrated letter to Actius, imploring the aid of the Romans, may convey some idea of the situation of the inhabitants of this state twenty years ago. The elements of destruction which hung over the Kentuckians, were, it is true, a little different from those which threatened the ancient Britons, but not less tremendous, "We know not (say the Britons) which way to turn us. The barbarians drive us to the sea, and the sea forces us back to the barbarians; between which we have only the choice of two deaths—either to be swallowed up by the waves, or to be butchered by the sword."
Under these circumstances, the cool and dispassionate reasoner will not see it astonishing, if even virtue and integrity themselves, yielded to the plausible proposal of an intriguing and ambitious adventurer.
This was general Wilkinson, the present governor of Upper Louisiana. Destitute of the means of supporting a vain and ostentatious parade in life among wealthy settlers; general Wilkinson at an early period sought the woods of Kentucky, in hopes probably of having one day the controul of the state. He settled in the county of Woodford. The property he brought with him did no exceed a few hundred pounds and three or four slaves. This, however, might have been sufficient for a person of a different character from Wilkinson to have procured all the necessaries of life which the country at that period could afford. But the natural temper attendant on vanity and ambition, soon prompted him to search for another field where wealth was to be more abundant, and pomp and luxury were not to be fettered by the rules of a republican people. With this design, he made an excursion down the Mississippi, in the beginning of the year 1785; his stay was short.—He took another trip in 1786, but previously had the policy to cause an impression to be made at Natchez and New-Orleans, by proper emissaries dispatched for the purpose, that he was a person of the first influence and consequence in Kentucky and the western country; and could command at pleasure an army of ten or fifteen thousand citizens. Gizoat this period was the Spanish resident at Natchez, a man every way calculated both to be imposed upon and to impose upon others.—The manners and deportment of Gizo and Wilkinson were nearly alike; both fond of show, mutually lavish of their services and promises of friendship. An understanding of the most intimate nature was therefore soon established between them. A pair of the most beautiful geldings, which Wilkinson bought for the express purpose from Colonel Bannister, at Petersburg, Virginia, were the next spring forwarded to the Spaniard. At the request of Gizo, Wilkinson made out a particular report of the geography, the resources, and population of the state of Kentucky. The inhabitants he mentioned were in a state of the greatest discontent, and even bordering on insurrection; and that they would cheerfully accept the yoke of any foreign power which would aid them a separation from the union. This report was transmitted to Mero, the governor of New-Orleans, and by him to the court of Madrid; but the Spanish translator in some degree betrayed its contents to the Earl of Butte, then British ambassador in Spain, who procured a copy of it for his government.
Thus was the state of Kentucky to be set up for sale, and to be courted and intrigued for by two European powers.—Gardoque, the Spanish minister at Philadelphia, was applied to for that purpose on the part of Spain, while lord Dorchester, the governor of Canada, was informed with a similar view by the ministry of Great Britain. A copy of Wilkinson's report was transmitted to lord Dorchester, which is probably yet in that nobleman's possession; but another manuscript is preserved in the private library of the earl of Butte, at his family seat of Mount Stuart in Scotland.
1st. With regard to the Spanish negotiation, Gardoque commenced his operations by sounding Mr. John Brown, member of congress for Kentucky, then in Philadelphia, on the subject. Having discovered in Mr. Brown an accommodating disposition towards the Spanish government; he directly made proposals for a separation of the state of Kentucky from the United States, in favour of Spain, on the following conditions, with an assurance to Mr. Brown, if they were carried into effect, he himself should be raised to the dignity of a Spanish grandee, with a suitable pension for life.—
1st. That the citizens would be allowed the privilege of their laws, and no restraint placed on them in respect to religious matters.
2d. That the navigation of the Mississippi would be equally free to the Kentuckians, as to the other subjects of Spain.
3d. That in all other matters, the Kentuckians would remain on the same footing with the Louisianians.
Whether these terms were complied with on the part of Mr. Brown, we know not, but they are narrated in a letter written at that
period by Mr. Brown to the hon. Samuel McDowel, of Jessamine county, one of the circuit judges of the state. Mr. Brown was then said to be on the point of marriage with Mr. McDowel's daughter; and it is very natural to suppose he should embrace the first opportunity of informing his intended father-in-law of the honours that were to be conferred on him at the Spanish court.
Part of the scheme is also mentioned in another letter written by Mr. Brown about the same time, to judge Muter, the present president of the Kentucky court of appeals. This letter being obtained in some way from judge Muter, was published about 1789, in the Kentucky Gazette; but only one copy of that paper, we believe, is at this day in existence. It is in the possession of colonel Bullitt, of Jefferson county. So careful were the members of the Kentucky association to have every document which gave light to their transactions, destroyed.
In corroboration of this statement, we beg leave to give the substance of a conversation which passed between governor Greenup and one of the editors, who waited upon the governor, in company with another gentleman, for the purpose of obtaining information respecting the plan. Governor Greenup mentioned that Mr. Brown, soon after his return from Philadelphia, related to him in private conversation, the proposals which had been made to him by Gardoque, which were nearly the same with those we have stated; that Mr. Brown appeared, in a guarded manner, to approve of them; but upon governor Greenup expressing his abhorrence at the scheme, Mr. Brown never afterwards made any farther communication to him on that business. The governor also observed that he had seen Mr. Brown's letters to Mr. McDowell, and judge Muter, which to the best of his recollection corresponded with the private conversation he had with Mr. Brown.
In regard to general Wilkinson, governor Greenup said, he well remembered that Wilkinson read in the Kentucky convention at Danville, in 1788, the report or memorial which he gave to the Spanish governor at New-Orleans, on the subject of the resources, geography and population of the state of Kentucky, as likewise a letter from the Spanish governor to Wilkinson, informing him his memorial had been transmitted to Madrid. That this memorial consisted of about eighty pages of manuscript; and that Wilkinson in the same convention, made a motion that they should proceed to the formation of a separate constitution, independent of the approbation of the state of Virginia; which motion was seconded by judge Wallace now of the court of appeals, and warmly supported by all those members who were then supposed to be engaged in the negotiation with Gardoque. Governor Greenup also remarked, that he understood the negotiation with Gardoque had so far advanced, that even the names of the several individuals were mentioned, who were to fill the several places of honour in Kentucky, under the Spanish government; but from the length of time elapsed, they had escaped his memory. He added, it was his opinion that most of the documents which could throw light on this conspiracy, were destroyed; and that if they existed, they probably were in the possession of col. Todd, who was then secretary to the convention.
The proposals of Gardoque having been agreed to by gen. Wilkinson and his friends; an army was to have been immediately embodied, to have conducted a revolt against the United States in favour of the Spanish monarchy. The command of this army, we are authorised to say, was first offered to general Scott; but the patriotism of this veteran spurned at the proposal. The proffer was next made to gen. * * * * who was equally indignant at the plan. Wilkinson himself then volunteered the command. The raising of the army was, however, delayed, by the arrival of an agent from lord Dorchester, in Canada, offering terms from the British government. For we suppose it mattered little with Wilkinson to what European power the state of Kentucky became subjected, provided he himself received a handsome provision.
The agent of lord Dorchester, was a col. Conolly, a British officer, who was taken prisoner in Virginia during the revolutionary war. The only gentleman he knew in the state of Kentucky, was the late col. Thomas Marshall, father to the present chief justice of the United States. The acquaintance between col. Marshall and Conolly, had originated in Virginia, when the latter was a prisoner. Conolly entered Kentucky at Louisville, having only for his companion and protector an Indian squaw, of considerable influence and well known among the different Indian tribes, through which he had to pass.—He repaired without loss of time to col. Marshall's seat, in the county of Woodford, only a few miles distant from the plantation on which Wilkinson then lived. He arrived about breakfast, and immediately after taking a repast, opened the object of his visit, and produced the copy of Wilkinson's report, which had been sent to lord Dorchester. The whole of this day and the greater part of the next, were devoted to the consideration of Wilkinson's report, and to the proposal which Conolly was
authorized to make to the Kentuckians, from lord Dorchester, which was the following:
1st. That Kentucky, should, with the assistance of England, be erected into an independent state, and the inhabitants enjoy all the privileges of British subjects without taxation.
2d. That the town and port of New-Orleans with the free navigation of the Mississippi, would be purchased from the Spaniards for Kentucky.
Colonel Marshall however, terminated the conference by not only refusing directly all aid and interference on his own part; but by assuring col. Conolly, that the Kentuckians, whatever a few ambitious individuals might desire, would never agree to a separation from the United States.
Colonel Conolly, notwithstanding the opinion of col. Marshall, had hopes, that by the powerful influence of British gold, he might prevail upon gen. Wilkinson and his friends to break off the negotiation with Spain. With this view, he waited on col. Muter, now judge Muter, whom he understood was on terms of intimacy with Wilkinson.—We have the authority of gov. Greenup, to say that col. Muter told him that upon his expressing doubts to Conolly, as to the policy of a union with Great Britain in preference to Spain, he immediately replied, "Col. Muter, Great Britain can command your country when she pleases; she has at all times an army in Canada, and a fleet in the West Indies."
What conversation took place between Conolly and Wilkinson we know not.—We have only been informed that they were introduced to each other, and afterwards became well acquainted. Col. Conolly continued at Lexington for several weeks together, where he daily received visits from Wilkinson and his friends. His stay probably would have been much longer, had he not been recognized by some of the Kentuckians, who suspecting his visit among them did not proceed from the purest motives, threatened his life. We believe too that those threats would have been put in execution, had not the interference of the lately deceased major John Crittendon, of Woodford, prevented the accomplishment.—The last morning that Conolly was in Lexington, major Crittendon breakfasted with him in a private room in a tavern. During breakfast, a noise was heard in the passage. Major Crittendon suspecting the cause, rushed out at the moment that a huge woodsman with a large knife was attempting an entrance; and happily contrived to pacify the enraged countryman, until assistance was procured. Colonel Conolly after this circumstance, thought it was most prudent not to stay longer in Kentucky. He left Lexington a few hours afterwards, attended by an escort which Wilkinson procured for him, and which saw both him and the Indian squaw, safely landed over the Ohio at Limestone. Although we have mentioned the names of Judge Muter and major Crittendon, we think proper to observe that neither of these gentlemen were, to our knowledge, implicated in the negotiation with Spain or England.
Colonel Marshall, after Conolly left him, transmitted immediately an account of every particular to General Washington; and the interesting correspondence which took place between General Washington and col. Marshall on this subject, we are authorised to say, is at present in the possession of gen. John Marshall, of Richmond, Virginia.
Now Landing on our Wharf, from the Schooner Catharine Shepherd, Capt. Webb, from Antigua,
50 Puncheons fine flavoured RUM, For Sale on liberal credit, by Conway & F. Whittle. July 25. tf 19
Now Landing from on board the Schooner Alliance, from New-York,
5 Pipes Cogniac BRANDY, 3 Hhds. Lump SUGAR; 37 Bales CASSIA, A few kegs family BUTTER.—And in Store, Young Hyson and Hyson Skin TEAS, 200 Barrels Potomac Herrings—For Sale by James M'Clenachan. June 6. tf 810
FOR SALE, 100 Barrels New Superfine FLOUR, From Rutherford's Mills. James Herron. August 1. 3 42
At Private Sale, at Sixty Days, 70 Puncheons RUM, 40 hogsheads, and 60 barrels SUGAR, 50 bags COFFEE; 23 pipes French BRANDY, Madeira and Lisbon WINE, in pipes and gr. casks, 80 boxes Mould CANDLES, GIN in pipes and cases. Wm. B. Lamb. July 23. tf 24
FOR SALE, A likely Negro LAD, About 20 years of age, is an excellent house servant and oster. Apply at the Office of the Publick Ledger. July 30. tf 30
FOUND Yesterday Morning in the Main-Street, A Piece of GOLD.
The owner by describing it, and paying the expense of this advertisement, may have it again by applying at the Office of the Publick Ledger. July 29. tf 4

WEDNESDAY EVENING, AUGUST 6, 1806.
In the present dearth of intelligence from the European world, we would invite the attention of our readers to the western part of the union. Two articles of interest from that quarter have been selected for this day's publication, the one from the "Western World," a new paper printed in Kentucky, of which we received the first number a few days since, and the other from the "Louisiana Gazette."
The first contains an account of the Kentucky Association, for separating that state from the United States, as far back as twenty years. The Editor of the Western World promises more on this subject, and other matter connected with it, all having the same object in view. Of the authenticity of all that has been, and may be, hereafter offered, we can be supposed to have no knowledge, except what is common to most of our readers, the existence of the associations; but the details we cannot undertake to vouch for.
It must, we think, occur to any one who reflects upon the subject, that the separation of the Western from the Eastern States, is an event not very far distant, and which the acquisition of Louisiana must accelerate. It would not be saying too much, if we were to say that this separation would have taken place before now, but from the objections, which the publication from the World manifests, that existed with many to join a foreign government. Against Spain and Great-Britain weighty objections existed to each, but now having become sufficient in numbers and wealth, and with increasing reasons for separation, we cannot forbear repeating our conviction that it will soon happen.
Of Louisiana—We cannot read the proceedings in this day's paper, without feeling an increased conviction that the acquisition of that country will prove a source of disquiet. An attentive perusal of those proceedings, and the address, will supersede the necessity of any comments of our own. They prove that men of different languages and habits, are not calculated to live contented under the same system of laws. William of Normandy, did not find it difficult to seat himself on the throne of England; but neither art nor force, could substitute the Civil or Roman Law for the Common Law. The kings of England, who held extensive dominions in France, did not attempt to introduce the common law into that country. Buonaparte, at this day, with all his power could not force the common law of England upon the people of France, and the people of England could never be brought to receive the Roman Law. The Tartars when they conquered the Chinese, could not conquer their laws and their customs, but were conquered by them.
With the sentiments which are expressed in the address, it is not probable that the people of Louisiana can become useful citizens of the United States, and the soundness of Mr. Randolph's opinions upon this subject, will be firmly established.
The Editor of this paper, cannot permit to pass without notice the poor attempt to injure him in the publick opinion, by a person who wrote an article for the last Herald. The allusions in the Ledger of Friday last, were directed to a trifle which is inserted to-day; for as to a petition respecting pumps, he has never yet seen it, nor heard of it until yesterday morning. If the editor of this paper did suppose that the author of the publication in the Herald, really imagined that his remarks were intended to reflect on the Petitioners for an additional number of pumps, he should not feel as he does, but he thinks that the author did not so think.
If our readers will recollect, in the early part of the present summer, an additional number of pumps was suggested as necessary by the Editor of this paper, and now he is represented as ridiculing the measure!
The determination which the Editor some time since formed, prevents his noticing some other observations, but having explained the meaning of his remarks on Friday, and exposed the malice and folly of his enemies, he dismisses the subject.
[The following article was laid aside, but some remarks in the Herald induce us to give it insertion, as it serves to shew the base malignity and mean suspicions of certain persons. Our reasons for refusing, or doubting upon the insertion of this light article, arose from having seen something of the sort in a Philadelphia paper, of which the present is little other than a copy.]
To the Worshipful the Mayor, Aldermen and Common Council of Norfolk.
The PETITION of the Swinish Multitude , respectfully sheweth, That your petitioners have long suffered under the operation of a law of this corporation, cruel and oppressive as it respects them, and unjust, inasmuch as others who have, in their humble opinion, no claims to exemption, are nevertheless exempted, or so partially restrained by it, as to experience no inconvenience.
The law to which your petitioners allude must at once be in your worship's recollection; we mean that cruel law which restrains us in the enjoyment of that portion of liberty which your ancestors, even under the royal government, did not deny to ours. No, Sirs, it was reserved for the days of republicanism "to prevent Hogs going at large."
For the truth of this fact we appeal to the archives of the legislature, and to old men, who will inform your worship that every attempt before the revolution to prevent "Hogs going at large" was defeated.
Now Sirs, behold our wretched condition, tied up or confined in prisons, for such we must call them; we dare not even peep into your streets, but under penalties the most cruel. If from the remissness of
our keepers, we should escape, or tempted by a natural love of liberty, or any other cause, your myrmidons seize on us, and like malefactors we are bound and carted through your streets, exposed to be sold to masters who we know not, and who may transport us to the shambles the next day. All this we suffer in the presence of Horses, Asses, Mules, Cows, and even the Goats, who, though we understand are included in the law, your attentive officers do not choose to interrupt.
As every law is supposed to have some policy for its basis, we have in vain endeavoured to discover any cause that can exist for this law, which does not apply to others with equal force and greater, than to your petitioners; indeed at this season your petitioners might be usefully employed as scavengers, to the great benefit of the inhabitants. It is vain that we seek for any objections in us that do not apply to others, with greater force. Are we dangerous? surely we are not, your children are not exposed to be run over by us, as they are by horses, of which, instances often occur. Are we mischievous? We do not bark, and ruin those beautiful trees that are at once the ornament of your borough, and the comfort of its inhabitants. Are we noisy? we do not disturb you with those hideous sounds that proceed from mules and asses. Are we indecent? we may it is hoped, not fear a comparison with the goats, and many other animals for decency.
The fear of intruding on your worship's time, restrains us from further examination of this cruel law; we console ourselves with the pleasing hope, that if our condition cannot be ameliorated, that we may no longer be the sole victims of oppression, while others are exempted from the slightest restraint. And we venture further to say, that should your worship not deal out equal justice to all, that you will lose the respect of your constituents. And your petitioners, as in duty bound, will ever pray.
The Swinish Multitude .
We insert with pleasure the following ample refutation of a most scandalous and unjustifiable calumny against the character of commodore Rodgers, which was imprudently, as we then thought, and still think, rung through the papers in the U. States, during the absence of that gentleman. As this refutation comes from capt. Gale himself, it is scarcely necessary to request the printers, in whose papers the charge appeared, to insert it—they doubtless will feel pleasure in promptly publishing a contradiction of so foul a calumny against this meritorious officer, of which they were unwillingly made the more extensive propagators. Wash. Fed.
TO THE PUBLICK.
I have seen with no little surprise, a piece in a New York paper of the first of March last, wherein it states I was run through the body and killed, by commodore Rodgers, for remonstrating with him on the impropriety of flogging a Marine. This has been done by some scandalous person (no doubt to injure his character, and although the effect could only be temporary, yet people in general may suppose that it originated from some misunderstanding subsisting between him and me. I can assure the publick that not only myself, but every officer that served under his command, have always been on the most friendly terms with him—and the best proof of this, is, that every officer of us, will be happy to sail with him at any future period. During the time I was under his command, it is only justice to say, that he behaved towards me with every attention and politeness due to an officer.
ANTHONY GALE, CAPT. M.
July 28, 1806.
From the New York Evening Post.
The Miranda Trial .—This trial, whose importance, in both a moral and political point of view, will bring it hereafter more full at length before our readers, will now be touched but slightly. Various considerations, however, unite to compel us to present, at this early period, some general views, which seem more particularly to be rendered necessary for the purpose of preventing artful and interested men from giving an erroneous direction to the publick mind. After the report, which is in the press, shall have come forth, we shall then resume the subject.
In some remarks which we offered on "Ogden's memorial," in June last, we declared ourselves satisfied to abide the verdict of the jury which was to pass between the accused and their country, and admitted that as "their defence would rest entirely on proving that they were encouraged by the government, the verdict must be conclusive on the point." If convicted, it must be believed that the administration were entirely innocent of any knowledge of the affair; if acquitted, then must the whole guilt rest on them."
The cause has now been tried, solemnly tried, and after a full, fair and impartial hearing of the whole case, the verdicts of two intelligent and independent juries, have pronounced that the defendants are NOT GUILTY. It may not be improper here to remind the reader that these prosecutions have been instituted against two of their fellow citizens by the immediate direction of the President of the United States; and that while the issues were pending, and the accused, by the humane construction of our laws, entitled of right to be considered innocent, & to have their cases come before the jury under that favourable impression, the President availed himself of his prerogative, and actually punished one of them (Col. Smith) by depriving him of his office and his family of support: thus prejudging the case, and thus presenting him before the jury, not as a presumptively innocent man, whose guilt was to be established by the accuser, but as a presumptively guilty man who was to take on himself the burden of proving himself innocent. A proceeding unparalleled in the legal annals of this country. An upright jury however, has stepped in between the oppressed & the oppressor.
We rejoice at this decision, because it is just, and because it proves that our citizens are too wise and virtuous after all, to destroy each other for party considerations, or for the purposes of promoting an insecure, treacherous and cowardly policy in the government. All the friends of humanity will rejoice at the effect which these verdicts must produce in favour of our unfortunate citizens who have been captured by the Spaniards. If a hasty decision has not already determined their fate, the development of the fact, now no longer doubted by any one that the expedition under general Miranda, was instituted with the knowledge of the American government, must arrest every rigorous proceeding by transferring the responsibility for what has been done, from the individuals who were the actors, to the administration which connived at and was originally the cause of their conduct.
It has been suggested, that these proceedings against col. Smith and Mr. Ogden were necessary political compliances with the wishes of the minister of France and Spain. We spurn the idea of averting publick danger by the sacrifices of our fellow-
citizens. If injustice has been done to Spain, let us trace the injustice to its source. It will be more safe and honourable to our country, and the reparation will be more satisfactory to Spain, if we degrade and punish the deceiver , than by treacherously betraying the deceived .
But while we fix our attention on this interesting question, let us be just; let Mr. Jefferson have a fair trial—a fairer than it was intended the accused Smith and Ogden should have—let him produce every species of evidence legal and even informal in his favour: Let him be permitted to mitigate and extenuate what he may not be able fully to justify: But let him know that the voices of all honest men unite to concur in demanding an explicit answer to the questions—"Whether he was not fully informed that general Miranda came to this country for the express purpose of fitting out the expedition which has sailed for Carracas?"—"Whether it was not known to him that Col. Smith was employed in those identical transactions, for which he has been first punished by taking away from him a lucrative office, equal in its operation to a fine of 6,000 dollars a year for life, and next prosecuted as a criminal at the bar of a court of justice?"—and lastly, "Whether this same prosecution was not set on foot by his express and personal direction?"
This affair cannot be smothered:—public sympathy for the victims at Derne is not yet extinguished—but every nerve in our country will be agonized if the lives of the prisoners at Carracas are sacrificed to conceal a personal error, or as the price of personal popularity—More of this hereafter.—It will be to be seen if any administration can stand such conduct.
FROM THE LOUISIANA GAZETTE.
Address of the legislative council to the people.
Extract from the minutes of the legislative council, May 26, 1806.
"Whereas the most essential and salutary measures adopted by this legislature, have been successively rejected by the governor of the Territory; and whereas the legislature the members of which had been induced to accept of their appointments only by the hope of being useful to their fellow citizens, must now be convinced that they can do nothing but cause them a considerable expence:
"Resolved, that the General Assembly be immediately dissolved."
THE ADDRESS.
The legislative council think themselves in duty bound, to explain to their fellow citizens, the motives by which they have been determined to propose the resolution cited above, and which have made them consider the act, consecrating the same, and rejected by the governor, as that on which most essentially depended the happiness and future tranquillity of this country. The publick will judge, whether these motives have been pure and divested of all private passion.
The most inestimable benefit that can be conferred on a people, is the preservation of its laws, its usages and its customs. It is this preservation alone that can soften the sudden transfer from one government to another, and it is by indulging this natural attachment that the heaviest yoke becomes supportable.—The congress of the United States has seemed desirous to respect these sacred principles, and to render its dominion still easier to the inhabitants of the territory of Orleans, by preserving to them their ancient laws; such at least is the natural and rational meaning of the 4th article of the act of the 2d of March, 1803, which makes ulterior provisions for the government of the territory of Orleans, and is conceived in these terms; "the laws which shall be in force in the said territory when this act shall begin to be put into effect, and which shall not be contrary to the dispositions of the said act, shall continue to be in force until they be modified, changed, or repealed by the legislature."
What then are the laws which congress have pretended to preserve to us by this provision? What are the laws that shall be liable to be revised and rectified by the legislature of this territory? The question is not doubtful. It is evident that the laws here alluded to, are the ancient laws that reigned in this country, before the cession made thereof to the United States of America, to apply to us as much of the common law as they have thought it indispensable to prescribe to us, in order that our system should not be in direct contradiction to that which is in force in all the states of the union, namely the right of being tried by our peers, and the writ of habeas corpus , those two grand palladiums of liberty.—So far as this we can make no change in what congress aveth thus constitutionally determined; but it is plain that with respect to all the rest, we are at liberty to adopt or reject as much of the common law as we may think proper.
Since then we have power to preserve our ancient laws as far as they do not militate against the constitution of the United States, or against the special acts that have been passed for our territorial government, we are indispensably entitled to the advantage of remaining under a system to which contains nothing that is hostile to the affection we owe to our government. For in the laws by which a state is governed, a distinction must be made between such of them as belong to its constitution and government, & such as regulate contracts and agreements among individuals. The former ought indispensably to be common to all parts of the republick, but with respect to the latter, differences may exist without inconvenience.—Thus the constitution of the United States and the other federal laws, being general throughout the union, it would be absurd to pretend that this territory ought not to submit thereto: but with respect to the laws concerning contracts, wills and hereditaments of what consequence can it be that such acts are here governed by the civil law, whilst in the other states of the union they are regulated by the common law? Whence comes it that the diversity of customs that prevails in England does not injure the general harmony? Do these differences, arising from the local laws, prevent Englishmen from being good citizens, and submissive to the constitutional laws of their country? The case is quite the contrary, and that persons would probably expose themselves to alienate their affections, and to excite general disorder and discontent, who should touch these customs to which each province is attached by the ties of experience and long habit.
Even in the United States there exists not a general civil code. The common law of England is not adopted there as a constitutional article. From the origin of the establishment of the colonies of New-England, it had not been received in each province without certain modifications and alterations, which are so great that the common law of Virginia no more resembles that which is received in South-Carolina, than the latter resembles that which has been adopted in the state of New York. At the time of the general confederation, and after the war of the American revolution, congress had too much wisdom to bring these differences to bear against each other, by establishing a general uniform system of common law, to pervade all the states in the union, has left to each state the right of persevering or of modifying what it thought proper to adopt of the common law, or even of changing it for other laws, according as they seem more suitable to its particular situation.
It is, no doubt, in consequence of this prudent and judicious policy, that congress has been induced to grant to this territory the privilege of preserving its ancient laws, or of changing or modifying them as its legislature may think it necessary. No person can be ignorant that these ancient laws are nothing more than the civil or Roman law, modified by the laws of the government to which this country was subject before its cession to the United States. Let which these laws are contained—let these titles appear to be barbarous or ridiculous—perhaps the greatest eulogium that can be paid to them, is to prove by the ignorance of those who have hitherto obeyed them unknowingly, how great is their mildness and their wisdom, and how few are the inconveniences which can exist from their being put into execution. At all events, it is no less true that the Roman law, which forms the basis of all the civil and political laws of every civilized nation in Europe, presents an assemblage of grandeur and of prudence that is above criticism. How pure these decisions, drawn from the source of neutral equity—How luminous this digest, the work of the greatest lawyers—How simple the forms of these contracts, and how sure and prompt the means of obtaining the remedies prescribed by law for the reparation of civil evils of every description.
We surely do not pretend to make any comparison between the civil and common laws, but the wisdom of the civil law is acknowledged by all Europe, and nineteen twentieths of the population of Louisiana know it, are accustomed to it from their infancy, and could not without despair see themselves deprived of it. If the inhabitants of this territory had never known any laws, if until now they had always lived without making any agreements or contracts, it probably would be indifferent to them what system they adopted, and it is even probable that their attachment to their new country would make them prefer that which would bring them nearest to their new fellow-citizens. But here there is a question of overturning usages generally received and known, and the uncertainty succeeding thereto would to them be equally productive of injustice and of despair. Every person now knows by long experience how inheritances are transmitted, how great is the power of fathers over their children, what proportion of their estates they can dispose of to their prejudice, what rights result from marriage performed with or without contract, the manner in which goods may be devised by testament, the manner in which one may with safety, sell, exchange or alienate his property, and the assistance which the law grants in case of non payment. Every one of the inhabitants dispersed over the vast extent of this territory, however uninstructed he may be, has a tincture of this general and familiar jurisprudence, which is so necessary for conducting affairs of the least importance, and which so firmly secures the repose of families. This knowledge every one has imbibed with his milk, has received by tradition from his fathers, and has perfected by experience and a long and labourious life. Overturn this system on a sudden—supply by new laws the deficiency of the old—what an upset would be the result? What becomes of the experience of old age, of the facility and security of transfers? Who will venture to make contracts under a new system of which he knows not the effects? What shall be the lot of an inhabitant so unfortunate as not to be sufficiently educated to obtain a knowledge of these new laws, at least by reading them, if we suppose that the knowledge thereof is facilitated to him, by having them translated into his own language? Will not he shudder as often as he may be inclined to dispose of his property? will he not dread thereby to throw himself into a bottomless and inextricable abyss, and to effect his total ruin? Or must he always have recourse to the knowledge of a lawyer, in the most common transactions of civil life?
Behold the true reasons that attach us to our ancient legislation, and not any other political reasons that may be falsely attributed to the good inhabitants of Louisiana; and behold the reasons that ought to have engaged our legislature to watch, lest any imprudent hand should touch so precious a deposit. The first legislature of this territory ought to attach itself principally to laying a fundamental base; secondary and accessory laws and details ought to come afterwards, otherwise we would expose ourselves to form parts quite incongruous with the whole. But what is the first and most important law in the present situation of this country? What is the fundamental base of its future legislation? Incontestibly the act of giving to it a civil code. The manner in which the courts of justice are now composed, the judges who preside, and the lawyers who plead therein, being almost all strangers to the French tongue, and still more to the tongue in which are written nearly all the laws of this country, even the scarcity of the elementary authors who treat thereof: every thing in a word renders it indispensably necessary to adopt a measure, which tends to place within the reach of all the citizens, and in the French and English language, a complete collection of the laws by which we are ruled. But previous to the undertaking of such a work, was it not necessary to determine what should be the base and foundation on which it should be erected? For agreeably to the true interest of this country, what is the base that ought to be adopted? It is the preservation of the ancient laws, as far as they can be preserved without inconvenience and without opposition to the general system of our government, not recurring to foreign codes, unless in matters concerning which our own may be found defective or noxious. By the adoption of this measure the courts of justice will be placed in a manner between two different codes: for all contracts made hitherto must necessarily be judged by the laws near which they have been made; into what embarrassment then would the courts be plunged, if, whilst effacing all that remains of the civil law, they were still left under the necessity of judging by this very law the effects of all contracts and acts made to this day. Let it be considered that possibly for thirty years to come, one half of the suits that shall be brought before our courts will arise from the execution of contracts anterior to the time of which we speak. Behold then fresh reasons that ought still more to attach the legislature to the support of our ancient laws, and by forming a code which shall be brought as near to them as possible, the courts will have a sure compass to facilitate the decision of all old and new suits, without leaving anything to arbitrary determination.
Such are the principles which had determined the legislature, before it passed an act for the formation of a code, to pass one declaratory to the laws, which should be the ground work of such a code. It has been pretended that this declaration was useless and superfluous, because it was naturally in the provision of the act of congress. The legislature most certainly see in this provision an express wish to preserve to us our ancient laws. But it is sufficient to read the wish, ought not the legislature be vigilant to prevent the weak and uninformed from being led astray by the endeavours that are made to disturb them with false terrors and to throw them into uncertainty, with respect to the true intentions of congress? Have we not seen this doubt arise even before the superior court of this territory, and a publick argument established for and against this important question? Is there no reason to fear it will again be renewed; and ought the legislature to remain silent on an interesting point, such as this, which touches the dearest rights of their constitu-

ants? Are not the discussions in the house of representatives, and the governor's rejection, circumstances that seem to unite in justifying the foresight of the legislature by giving us cause to presume that a design is secretly formed to throw us against our will into the frightful chaos of the common law? Has not an honourable member of that house been heard to maintain, that for 6 years during which he was an inhabitant of this country, he knew not that he lived under the civil law and the other laws that govern us to this day; that our affairs ought to be regulated by the received law of the United States, at the same time it is acknowledged the United States have no general and uniform law on the subject of contracts? Moreover other members have been heard to pretend, that by preserving the civil law, we adopt all that it contains hostile and contrary to the republican system, whereas the provision of the act of congress, cited in the declaratory act as forming a basis, declares that no more of this law is preserved than such parts as is not contrary to the constitution of the U. States, which expressly proscribes all that is consistent with a republican form of government.
When similar uncertainties and deviations have found their way even to those whose opinion sought to serve as a torch to the people, we have had reason to applaud ourselves still more for having proposed a law capable of dissipating every doubt and encouraging every order of citizens. The majority of the house of representatives, have thought as we do, when they gave their approbation to the declaratory act; the governor's sanctioning only was wanted to give it the force of a law, but this sanction has been withheld from it!
In these circumstances, the legislative council strongly impressed with the belief that they could not expect to do any good, and that their presence could only be unwholesome to their fellow-citizens, since measures the most interesting to the happiness of the territory, were thus rejected, has, by an unanimous and spontaneous impulse, determined that the legislature be immediately dissolved, for it must not be supposed that it was the refusal to sanction the declaratory law, salutary as that law appeared to the legislative council, that alone has induced them to form the resolution of thus interrupting the course of their functions; it was their seeing other measures of no less importance rejected in succession.
Let us take a glance of the little business that has been done by the present legislature and we shall be convinced of this truth. The first care of the legislature had been to provide means for excluding from their bosom, persons vested with lucrative offices, either under the territorial government or under the government of the United States in order to render their deliberations as free and independent as the actual system of our government will permit. This disposition was in unison with a principle, respected, as well by the federal government, as by those of particular states; it was in the spirit of the act of congress of the 22d March, 1804, which erected Louisiana into two territories, by which act this principle has been applied to us; and it was also in the spirit of the act of March 2d, 1805, since the latter repeals only such parts of the former as are contrary to this principle, and since this principle, far from containing any thing incompatible with a mere change in the form of government, must undoubtedly have survived such a change. This first measure of public safety, this measure so indisputable for preventing the executive power from engrossing all things to itself, has been struck with an absolute veto.
A law has afterwards been passed prescribing the forms to be observed in electing representatives for this territory. Its object was, to prevent as much as possible, the abuse that slips into operations of this kind, and to leave nothing to the arbitrary direction of the executive power; to baffle intrigues; and to secure to the present majority of the citizens, that preponderance which is due to their members—this law, in like manner, experiences difficulties which will finally leave it null, and the field remains open to intrigue.
Finally, an act, declaratory of the laws that continue to be in force in the territory, has been proposed as a measure conservatory of our existing laws, so far as they are not inimical to the constitution of the United States. The legislature attach great importance to this act, as it tended to throw light on our present judiciary system and to fix its uncertainties until we should have time to form a civil code. The legislature considered this disposition as a safeguard against dangerous innovations, and as a measure necessary to the tranquillity of our citizens. This act has also been rejected, and we have been again thrown into confusion.
In this situation of things, the legislative council had a right to think it would be wise to terminate an expensive and useless session. The executive power has doubtless an absolute veto with respect to the particular constitution to be applied to this territory, but if by means of this veto, his will, and only his will is to be our supreme law, let him reign along without disguise. The legislature should not consent to serve as a rattle to amuse the people. What avails it to the territory that the executive power should sanction laws concerning the protestant church, or servants and apprentices, or public houses, if by this veto it prevents the executive of the only law favourable to its happiness? Was it necessary to cause an expense of 20 or 30,000 dollars to the territory, in order to present to view the spectacle of a scandalous struggle, in which the minority finds means to baffle the wishes of the majority, and rests, as its last resource, on the veto of the executive, in order to proscribe all that it has not approved?
We know not what sentiments the perusal of this address will excite in the hearts of our fellow-citizens, but strongly supported by the testimony of our consciences, we are persuaded, that if they give not their approbation to the warmth which has prescribed our conduct, at least the motives by which we have been animated, will preserve us to their esteem. In a word, we are persuaded that notwithstanding the odious views which certain ill-intentioned persons have been desirous to impute to us, the general, as well as our private government, and our adversaries themselves, cannot refrain from doing us justice. New-Orleans, the 28th May, 1806, and in the 30th year of the Independence of the United States.
P. SAUVE, President of the Legislative Council. J. B. MACARTY, J. D. BELLECHASSE. Names of the members of the house of representatives, who have been of the same opinion as the legislative council, relative to the declaratory act: J. Etienne Bore, D. Roussigney, J. Arnaud, M. Audry, F. Benard, J. Sorrel, Proudhomme, Isaac Hebert, H. Delorme, Joseph Delaquy.
* This law has again been brought forward, with such modifications as the executive power has seemed to desire; will this sacrifice have been made in vain.
Gazette Marine Memoranda. ARRIVED. Brig William, Collins, 70 days from St. Maloes, Ballast, to the Master—Left there brig Hope, Cochane, of Boston, to sail next day for the Isle of Rhe, and from thence for Boston—Spoke July 6, in lat. 40, 10, long. 39, 52, ship Eliza, of and for Baltimore, bound to Londonderry, 17 days out—14th, lat. 40, 12, long. 64, ship Peggy, of and from Baltimore, bound
to Amsterdam—21st, lat. 37, 34, long. 64, 28, ship Governor Gilman, from City Point, bound to Amsterdam, 4 days out—22d, lat. 39, long. 55, brig Eliza, of and from New-York, bound to Lisbon, 4 days out. Brig Lucy, Hughes, 6 days; sch'r Vixen, Hutchings, 4 days; and sloop Adventure, town, 6 days from Philadelphia.
Gould's Packet will positively sail for Baltimore TOMORROW. August 6.
TO PRINTERS. Wanted—a good PRESSMAN, to whom constant employment and liberal wages will be given; none need apply, who cannot produce credentials favourable to their industry and steadiness, from some person with whom they have worked. Office of the Publick Ledger, 7. August 4, 1806.
WIG-WAM GARDENS. TO-MORROW EVENING, August 7, THERE WILL BE A display of FIRE-WORKS, (Warranted handsome,) AND ILLUMINATION. †† The Proprietor of the Wig-Wam, will take particular care to be provided with the best of Liquors and Ice Cream. August 6. 1 54
NOTICE. Apprehensions for the health of his family, having induced the subscriber, very reluctantly, to remove from the Borough of Norfolk, he has fixed his final residence in Richmond, and may be found always at his office near the capitol, in the house lately occupied by M. Jones, Esq. the Commissioner of Loans. He proposes to practice law in the Federal Courts, Court of Appeals, and Chancery Court in Richmond, and will also continue to practice in the Chancery Court at Williamsburg and District Court of Suffolk. His clients in the County and Borough Courts of Norfolk, are referred to Messrs. Littleton W. Tazewell and Robert B. Taylor, who have obligingly undertaken to finish his business there—in all important cases, in which those gentlemen have been previously engaged, or where the partiality of a client may have relied peculiarly on the subscriber, he will continue to give his attendance until such cases shall be finished. He will also continue to attend the Law District Court of Williamsburg, until his causes there shall be disposed of by final adjudication, or placed in other hands to the satisfaction of his clients. William Wirt, Richmond, August 4. lawfw 57
Ten Dollars Reward, WILL be given to any person for apprehending a Negro Woman by the name of LUCY, about 25 years of age, a smart free spoken likely girl, has a scar on the right side of her neck. I have been informed that she has been seen about the kitchen of Captain Michael Corran, and about Mr. Roger's Blacksmith's Shop. When stopped and interrogated, she says that her mistress has hired her out, at other times she says that she has just come from home, by which means she has not been taken up. All persons are forewarned not to harbor the said Woman, and masters of vessels and others are notified not to take her off Mary Williams, Boush's Lane. August 6. 3*c 52
Landing from Mayo's Mills, Richmond, 100 barrels Superfine FLOUR, from new Wheat—For Sale by Moses Myers. July 23. tf 26
NEW WHEAT FLOUR, In barrels and half barrels, for family use, for Sale by I. E. W. Southgate. August 4. 6t 50
COGNAC BRANDY. This Day landing on Newton's wharf, from the schooner Rising States, Capt. Newcomb, from New-York, 11 pipes 4th pt. real Cognac Brandy, 1 do. OLD PORT WINE. And in Store, just received, 1 Hogshead fresh LIME JUICE, 1 do. SHRUB. Price & Wadley. August 4. 3t 46
FOR SALE, The LOT AND HOUSES, whereon John Hamilton, Esq. the British Consul resides; on it are a three story Dwelling-House, an Office, a Kitchen, and other houses necessary for family use—a Well of good Water newly fitted, and a Garden lately pailed in, a Warehouse and Cellar under it, the remains of a Wharf which will make a good foundation to build on, with all the privileges of lots situated on the river of extending a wharf—Also, two hundred and seventy-one and half acres of well timbered Land, with a good Fishery on Willoughby's Bay, taking in the mouth and part of Mason's Creek, where the best of Fish and Oysters can be conveniently taken—Also, a Lot in Smithfield, between Mr. Purdie's and Capt. Todd's lots. For terms apply to Thomas Newton. August 1. tf 39
MRS. PAGAUD, THANKFUL for past favours, begs leave thus to offer her grateful acknowledgements to her friends in particular, and employers in general, humbly soliciting their further patronage, as also that of a generous publick, to whom she offers her best services as a Tutorress for young Ladies, who may wish to be instructed in the following desirable branches of Education; viz.—The English and French Languages; Gramatically; Round and Italian Writing; Arithmetic and Geography; with Needle Work of every description, commonly taught in schools; Tambouring, Embroidery, and Music on the Piano Forte, by her daughter, who has been instructed by the most able teachers, both in Williamsburg and this Borough; consequently not differing in principle from them, she hopes to be honored with a small share of public confidence, which she will endeavor to deserve by her assiduity and attention. A few young Ladies as boarders, would have particular attention paid to the improvement of their minds and morals, on very moderate terms, which will be made known by applying at her place of residence, No. 8, Boush Street. Should any parent or guardian, with their children or wards, instructed in any branch of education not above mentioned, by communicating the same, she will endeavour to procure teachers, whose abilities will afford entire satisfaction. August 1. 3*t 35
NOTICE. All persons having claims against the Estate of DANIEL MCPHERSON, deceased, are requested to exhibit them immediately to the Subscriber duly attested; those indebted to said estate, are informed that an immediate payment is indispensable. John McPhail, Ex'r. August 1. tf 38 For Rent, or Storage received, That large and commodious WAREHOUSE, on Hutchings' wharf. For terms, apply to John Brown, or Wm. Cannack. August 4. tf 44
Sales at Auction. TO-MORROW, the 7th instant, at 10 o'Clock, at Maxwell's Wharf, will positively BE SOLD, The Brig ST. BRIDES, Burthen 156 tons.—A credit of three, six, and nine months will be given; Negotiable notes with approved endorsers required. John Macgowan. August 6. 1 53
On FRIDAY, the 8th inst. Will be Sold, on Newton's Wharf, at 10 o'Clock, without reserve, 46 hogsheads choice Antigua RUM, (Just landed) 20 Pipes real Cognac BRANDY, 4th proof, 4 do. choice Holland GIN. For approved endorsed Notes at 60 and 90 days for all sums over 100 dollars, under 60 days, by Richard Bowden, V. M. August 6. 1 56
On WEDNESDAY, the 13th of August, at 11 o'Clock, WILL BE SOLD, at my Office, for Cash, 2 boxes, 1 cask, and 1 trunk HARDWARE, by a decree of the Borough Court, to satisfy a debt due by Thomas H. Harris to George Wilson. Wm. B. Lamb. July 28. tds 23
On Friday the 15th instant, by order of the President and Directors of the Marine Insurance Company of Norfolk, WILL BE SOLD at Publick Auction, at 12 o'Clock, at Wilcock's wharf, The Schooner IRIS, as she arrived from Porto Rico, about 600 barrels burthen. Terms approved notes at 90 and 120 days. Thomas Wilcock, V. M. August 4. tds 51
A Freight is Wanted, For the good Brig SUKEY, Wm. Huse, Master, burthen 124 tons, or 1100 barrels, can be read, to receive a cargo in two days. For terms apply to the master on board, or to Christopher Fry. August 6. tf 55
For ANTWERP, The good Ship PATSEY, David G. Bowles, master, burthen 370 tons, lying at City Point, having more than half of her cargo engaged and now receiving it on board—For the remainder, apply to Messrs. Gallego, Richards, & co. Richmond; Rambaut, Gernon, & co. Petersburg, or to James Maurice, & co. August 4. tf 45
For Charter, The American Ship SALLY, James Rowe, master, burthen 340 tons.—She has only performed one voyage, and will be ready to receive a cargo in a few days. For terms apply to Warren Ashley. August 4. tf 48
For Charter, The Sloop DIRECTOR, James Tarlington, Master, burthen about 800 barrels—can be ready for the reception of a cargo in four days. For terms apply to the master on board at Newton's wharf, or to Richard Bowden, & Co. August 1. tf 34
For Sale or Charter, A remarkable fine new BRIG, built by Mr. Jarvis, in Portsmouth, burthen 188 tons, and can be ready for the reception of a cargo in 10 days—For terms, apply to Richard Bowden, & Co. Who have now landing on Newton's wharf, and for Sale on moderate terms, 51 hhd. well flavored Antigua RUM. And in Store, 50 hhd. choice SUGAR, and 50 crates well assorted QUEEN'S WARE. August 1. tf 33
For Charter, The new Brig FRANKLIN, Capt. Miller, burthen 180 tons.—For terms apply to Warren Ashley. August 1. tf 37
For Sale, Freight, or Charter, The Schooner RANGER, burthen 61 tons—she can be sent to sea at a small expense. For terms, apply to the captain on board at Commerce-street wharf, or to Warren Ashley. The CARGO of said schooner, consisting of Tobago RUM and MOLASSES, is offered for Sale. July 30. tf 29
For Charter, The Ship HAZEN, McNiel Watts, master, burthen 350 hhd. Apply to Moses Myers. Who offers for Sale, said Ship's Cargo, consisting of 7500 bushels Bonavista SALT. July 23. tf 7
For London, The Ship ATLANTICK, Capt. Groves, can take from 60 to 70 hhd. of tobacco on freight, if offered soon to Phinehas Dana, & Co. July 23. tf 13
For Freight or Charter, The fine new Schooner CARLTON, James Johnson, master, burthen about 1100 barrels, now ready to receive a cargo. Apply to the master on board at Loyall's wharf, or Wilson, Cunningham, & Co. Who have in Store, for SALE, 13 puncheons Antigua RUM, 8 do. Old do. 3 do. Tobago do. July 23. tf 9
For Boston, The Brig LUCY, John Dixey, master, burthen 130 tons.—For freight or passage, having good accommodations, apply to the master on board, or to Fisk & Catlett. Who have now landing from on board said Vessel, 130 Barrels No. 1 & 2 BEEF, 4 Pipes Cognac BRANDY; 100 Casks LIME. July 23. tf 12
For LONDON, The fine new Ship MARIA, James Rowell, master, burthen about 400 hhd. on her second voyage, has good accommodations, will be ready for the reception of a cargo in ten days, half of which is already engaged.—For freight of the balance or passage, apply to Richard Bowden, & Co. July 16. tf 210
For Rotterdam, The Ship MEDFORD, J. Barnard, master, can take a few hhd. or some small packages on freight. Apply to Moses Myers. July 23. tf 8 For Freight or Charter, The first-sailing Brig ELIZABETH, Robert Barclay, master, burthen 1300 barrels, will be ready for the reception of a cargo in a few days. Apply to John Davis. Portsmouth, July 16. tf 908
For Freight or Charter, The New Schooner EAGLE, Daniel Havens, Master—she will carry about 750 barrels, and is a good vessel in every respect—a freight for Lisbon or Madeira would be preferred. For terms apply to Fisk & Catlett. Who have for SALE, received by said Vessel from Boston, 55 barrels No. 1 BEEF, 70 do. do. 2 do. 20 half do. do. 1 do. 80 do. Prime Boston Bay MACKAREL, of a superior quality. July 14. tf 904
FOR LONDON, The fine, strong, and fast sailing SHIP RESOLUTION, Andrew W. Bell, master, fourteen months old, sheathed upon the stocks, and burthen 400 hhd. tobacco, has part of her cargo already on board, and a considerable quantity engaged.—For freight of the remainder, small light articles, or passage (having superior accommodations) apply to the captain on board, or N. Heroa. July 7. tf 885
For AMSTERDAM, The coppered Ship ALEXANDER, John Roach, master, can take three hundred hogsheads on freight. For terms apply to Moses Myers. June 20. tf 432
For Charter, The Ship FREDERICK AUGUSTA, 320 tons burthen, a fine ship on her second voyage, is expected to arrive here on or before the 10th of August. Christopher Fry. July 25. tf 18
This Day landing from on board the schooner Rising States, Captain Newcomb, 20 Pipes Holland GIN, entitled to debenture, 10 do. 4th proof Cognac BRANDY, 12 keys Ground GINGER. August 4. tf 43
10 Groce Wine & Porter BOTTLES, 700 Groce CORKS, 500 lb. excellent GLUE, 11,000 two and 3 Bushel BAGS, 105 Boxes Window GLASS, 175 do. 1st qual. Spanish SEGARS, 27 Packages German LINEN. For Sale by John C. Niemeyer, 3m 25 Rum, Sugar, Molasses, and Coffee. 77 Hogsheads Martinique SUGARS, 51 do. Grenada MOLASSES, 12 Puncheons do. RUM, and a few bags COFFEE. For Sale by Cooke & Sanford. August 4. law2w 49
GERMAN GOODS, JOHN C. NIEMEYER, Offers for Sale the following GOODS, for Cash or on convenient credit, for approved Bills only, viz. 5000 Bags 2 & 3 bushels, loose and in bales, 6000 East-India Gunny Bags, 330 pieces Hessian and brown Rolls, 325 pieces white Rolls, of four qualities, 140 pieces Tickenburgs and Osnaburghs, 160 pieces Platillas, white and brown, 15 pieces Dowlas, 20 do. Checks, 40 do. Britannias, 40 do. Rouans, 45 do. best Flemish Sheetings, 20 do. fine Bed ticking 2 yards wide, 24 do. Matras Ticking, 18 do. German Canvas, 15 do. do. Shirt Linen, 44 yards each, from 65 to 110 dollars per piece, 14 do. do. 37 yds. each, at 36 to 75 dollars per piece, 24 do. Velvet Ribbons, assorted, 40 boxes English crown window Glass, 70 do. Baltimore window Glass assorted, at the manufactory prices, for cash, 2000 wt. Lamb's Wool, superior quality, 5000 doz. German Phials, very cheap, 2000 bunches red Garnet Beads, Also a complete assortment of the following Articles, viz. Fifty assorted Trunks, Oil Cloth, Coffee Mills, German Razor Hones, Morocco Shaving Cases, do. Pocket Books, do. Cigar Boxes, Spectacle Cases, Windsor Soap, Hand Lanthorns, best Tortoise Shell Combs, Ivory & Horn do. fine Razors & Penknives, Pocket Knives of all kinds, Knives and Forks, Snuffers very elegant, Brass Candlesticks, Coffee Toasters, Shoe Brushes, Cloth do. Mill Saws, Frying Pans, Shovels, Tongs, and Pokers, Fish Hooks, Table Mats, Battle Doors and Bells, Bell Metal Kettles, Waffle Irons, Wafer Irons, German Lace & Thread, Bird Cages & Baskets, Black Silk Velvet, 2000 Agate Flint Jewellery and Crystal Beads, Toilet Looking Glasses, common do. assorted, Snuff Boxes, Umbrellas, Plush for Saddles, Passage Lamps, Chamber Lamps and Wicks, Backgammon Tables, 800 Dice, elegant Chess Men, and Cribbage Boards. Apply as above. May 16. tf 744
MRS. MACDOUGAL, INFORMS her friends and the publick, that she has taken that handsome house belonging to Mr. Roberts, in the centre of Market Square, where she will receive Boarders on moderate terms—the strictest attention will always be paid to the diet rooms, and lodging, and every endeavour used to render a transient or permanent abode at her house satisfactory. September 25. 16

Department of Miscellany.
FROM A LATE LONDON PAPER.
THE HORSE TO HIS RIDER.
AN ELEGY.
Written by Mr. Meyer, of Bath, and copied from his "Poetical Amusement on the Journey of Life," lately published.
These beautiful Verses, which do equal honour to the head and heart of the author, were occasioned by the following circumstance: A few years ago, a rich farmer, in the neighbourhood of Bath, was the unworthy possessor of a most valuable horse. The farmer made a considerable wager, that the noble animal would go from Temple Gate at Bristol, to Hyde Park Corner, in the course of a few hours; and he performed the task as far as Reading, with high promise of his winning; but shortly after, the poor creature began to fail in strength and bottom: whip and spur were vigorously applied, and the high meted racer died under their goad and lashing!
Cease, Master, cease, a little mercy lend, Nor thus my reeking sides incessant slay! Let thy sharp scourge my lab'ring bones befriend, Nor thus my efforts cruelly repay. Since morning's dawn near fourscore miles I've sped, And day's meridian scarcely now is o'er, Oh! let me seek near yonder ale-house shed, That lowly stable's hospitable door! And must I pass it? Oh! my trembling limbs! Yet soon beneath your cruel load must sink; My brain e'en now in faint delirium swims, For life fast verges to destruction's brink. Bred in thy fields, I knew thy presence well, And ever ran thy smoothing hand to greet; Then frisk'd along the daisy-sprinkled dell, To show thee early that my pow'rs were fleet. To please thy fancy I with patience bent My velvet ear to meet the iron's heat, And all the torturing whims which men invent, To tame and shape us to their ends complete. Fed in thy pasture, I with grateful speed Have been the foremost with the tuneful pack, Nor hill, nor hedge, nor wall could e'er impede, But safe I bore thee on my faithful back. When late at marts and taverns thou hast staid, Thy sense unequal to direct the road, O'er the dark heath—thru' rutted lanes I've neigh'd, And brought in safety home my drowsy load. O! my dear Mistress have I drawn with care, With her sweet brood to join the village school, And thought myself full proud when she would spare One look, one pat, and call me her—"poor fool!" With such a charge for worlds I had not felt, Nor giv'n alarm to those so dear to thee— Then let compassion in thy bosom dwell, Nor furious thus increase my misery! Oh! if intemperance in her wildest hours, Has urged thee to propose the cruel bet, My once kind Master! strain no more my pow'rs, They fail beneath the arduous task that's set. If true the doctrine which some sages hold, Of transmigration's just and vengeful fate, Oh! think what horror will thy page unfold, How wilt thou suffer in thine alter'd state! This day's base action then shall rise in awe, And doom thee to some pannier'd ass's lot, Thy sides half famish'd and thy back half raw, Standing neglected near thy master's cot. Or, some grim tyrant, bent on pelf and blood, May bring on thee a premature old age; An out cast cripple, sell thee from his stud, To meet the collier's, or the sandman's rage. Ah! dost thou pause—thy heel forget its stroke— Too late thou must confess the deed accursed; Too late has mercy in thy heart awoke, My eyes grow dim, my mighty heart is burst! Farewell!—affected by my mournful tale, Some breasts may feel the keenness of remorse; And should my fate but turn compassion's scale, A future race may bless the Dying Horse!
DESERTION.
DESERTED from this Garrison, on Sunday the 20th instant, JOHN BUSK, a native of Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, private in my Company of Artillerists, 29 years old, 5 feet 9 inches high, grey eyes, brown hair, fresh complexion, by occupation a taylor. JOHN LYNCH, a native of Philadelphia, artificer in said company, 24 years old, 5 feet 9 inches high, grey eyes, black hair, fresh complexion, by occupation a house-carpenter. JOHN MINSUR, a native of Philadelphia, musician, 5 feet 5 inches high, 17 years old, blue eyes, brown hair, hair complexion, occupation a painter. Thirty Dollars will be given as a reward for the above men, or ten dollars for each delivered at this post, to any Officer of the United States army, or secured in any goal, and information given, so that said deserters may be brought back to their duty.
John Saunders,
Capt. U. S. Art. Commanding.
Fort Nelson, July 25th, 1806.
30 Pipes Country GIN,
10 do. real Cogniac BRANDY, 20 Puncheons W. I. RUM, 15 Quarter Casks Old Sherry WINE, 30 Barrels WHISKEY, 3 Hogheads Apple BRANDY, 30 Bags PEPPER, 50 Boxes Mould CANDLES, 30 do. Dipped do. 2 Boxes Fine CASSAS, 5 do. Beerboom GURRAHS—For Sale at reduced prices by
S. Marks, jun. & Co.
April 2. tf 631
FOR SALE,
850 Barrels whole HERRINGS, in excellent order for Shipping, 80 do. cut do. 150 do. SHAD; 750 bbls. TAR, 450 do. TURPENTINE.
Richard Blow.
July 14. tf 507
Landing this day from on board the sch'rs Iris and Virginia, from Tenerife,
40 pipes choice Tenerife WINE.
For Sale by Moses Myers.
June 27. tf 850
TO PRINTERS.
I will SELL, on a credit of one, two and three years, that valuable
Printing-Office and Establishment,
at Halifax—The paper has six hundred subscribers, and a profitable advertising custom, besides being appointed to print the laws of Congress. Halifax is on the Roanoke, one of the richest settlements in America, and is the seat of a county and superior court; and consequently affords much more pamphlet and job-printing than any other in the state; is an excellent stand for a Book-Store and Book-Bindery—the apparatus for carrying on the latter, may be had with the establishment. The Printing materials consist of a press, and a great variety of letter, from six line pica down to brevier; some of which are quite new, and all in a situation to be used to advantage. I will sell with the establishment, or hire for a number of years, two young Negro Men, one a tolerable correct compositor, well known for his sprightliness; the other an excellent pressman, able to "beat and pull off six token" a day.
I will also sell or lease the houses and lot, occupied as a dwelling-house and printing-office. A young man of a tolerable education, though not a printer, would be enabled to conduct the office, and would find it an agreeable as well as a profitable business. Letters addressed to me (post paid) will be duly attended to.
Wm. BOYLAN.
Raleigh, North-Carolina, July 1, 1806.
FOR SALE,
A TRACT OF LAND,
late the property of Christopher Gardner, deceased, containing one hundred acres, situated on the west side of Broad-Creek, about three miles from Norfolk. It has on it a roomy comfortable Dwelling-House; one third of the land is cleared, the remainder is in woods of good timber. A long credit will be given for the greatest part of the purchase money.
Swepson Whitehead, Ex'r.
July 18. tf 2
To Rent or Lease, for one or five years,
A commodious BRICK-HOUSE,
Situated on Smith's-Point, lately occupied by the Subscriber; to this tenement is annexed an excellent garden, &c. Apply to
Thomas Price.
Who has for Sale,
A likely NEGRO MAN,
about 22 years old; an excellent house servant, and has been accustomed to drive a carriage.
July 11. tf 893
For Sale, or Rent,
A PLANTATION, situated on Hamp-
ton Creek, consisting of about 300 acres; being the property on which Mr. W. Brough has long resided. It possesses all the necessary buildings for the convenience of a family, or agricultural purposes. There are some valuable orchards, one particularly of apple, is considered more productive than any other in that part of the country. There is also a Wind-Mill most eligibly situated—For particulars, application may be made to Mr. G. Hope, Hampton, Mr. John Dunn, Norfolk, or the Subscriber in Richmond, who will give immediate possession.
James D. M'Caw.
June 25. tf 860
All persons indebted to the estate of the late Wm. Davies, Esq. will please make payment, and those to whom the estate is indebted, will please furnish their accounts properly attested, in order that provision may be made for their payment.
Portescue Whittle, Adm'r.
June 18. tf 838
Landing at Murray's wharf, from on board the ship Caledonian,
1500 Liverpool filled Sacks of SALT,
109 Crates well assorted EARTHENWARE. For Sale by
A. Maclure.
June 9. tf 822
FOR SALE,
73 punch. choice 4th proof RUM,
Received by the brig Paragon, Captain Robertson, from Jamaica.
Redmon & Frith.
July 11. tf 899
Fresh supplies of Drugs & Medicines,
Have just been received by
FREDERICK HEERMAN, & SON,
Per the Ship Protecess, from London, and Herald from Liverpool—Also, an assortment of
SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS.
A great variety of
GENUINE PATENT MEDICINES.
All sorts of
GLASS AND SHOP FURNITURE,
And a prime collection of VALUABLE PERFUMES, including
OTTER OF ROSES from Barbary.
Importing regularly twice a year from the most respectable Druggists in Europe, we assure those who favour us with their orders, that the strictest attention will be paid to furnish them with articles of the best quality, and on the most reasonable terms.
PERRY'S and LETTSON'S Golden Antibilious PILLS; CHURCH'S and J. K. READ'S COUGH DROPS for Sale.—MEDICINE CHESTS as usual.
June 16. tf 835
FOR RENT,
The three large and commodious Ware
Houses on the lower end of Gibson's Wharf.—Possession may be had immediately, by applying to
John Southgate, or William Dickson.
Feb. 26. tf 534
Fifty Dollars Reward.
RUN-AWAY from the Subscriber, on Sunday evening the 20th instant, an apprentice to the brick-layer's trade, named JOHN HENDRICK RYNDERSMAN, he is a short thick lad, 5 feet 3 or 4 inches high, about 19 years of age, has a long face, dark complexion, and dark hair which is cropped short—had on when he ran away a short nankeen top jacket, nankeen trousers, spotted mouselise waistcoat, white cotton shirt, a good round black hat, and a pair of shoes nearly new; he took with him a short striped speckled coat.—He is a native of Germany, and retains much of the Dutch accent in speaking English.—Ran away with him three soldiers from the Garrison of Fort Nelson; they were not dressed in uniform—I expect they all will endeavour to get to the Northward (Baltimore or Philadelphia)—JOHN has about 16 months to serve.
I will give Ten Dollars if taken in Portsmouth or Norfolk, Thirty Dollars if in the State, or Fifty Dollars if out of the State, and delivered to me in Portsmouth—Masters of vessels and others are forwarded from taking him out of the State, or harbouring, entertaining, or employing him in any manner, as the law will be enforced against all those who do so.
John Thompson.
Portsmouth, July 24. tf 15
FOR SALE,
A Lot of Ground on Main-street,
Opposite to Mr. Woodward's cabinet maker's shop, supposed to be 27 feet front and 195 feet deep.—Also, one LOT on Little Water Street, supposed to be 23 feet front and 50 feet deep. For particulars, apply to
George Vashon,
July 30. tf 28
PROPOSALS,
FOR PUBLISHING BY SUBSCRIPTION, THE WORKS OF
DR. BENJAMIN FRANKLIN,
Philosophical, Political, and Literary.
RUNAWAY REMOVED RESPECTOR.
THIS edition will be published from the copies revised and corrected by Dr. Franklin, the corrections of which are in the hand writing of the author, and may be seen by any gentleman, in the possession of the editor of the Aurora.
The publication of the writings of Dr. Franklin in a complete edition, was long contemplated by the late Benjamin Franklin Bache, his grandson, who transcribed the copy which was devised to Mr. W. Temple Franklin, for publication. It was originally designed to publish that corrected edition in three languages, and in England, Germany, France, and America, at the same time; this expectation was frustrated by the devisee (W. Temple Franklin) who it is asserted with great apparent probability, sacrificed the work and the honourable trust reposed in him, for money, to the mortal hatred of the English ministry against the deceased sage.
As soon as this fact was known, the editor of the Aurora turned his attention to the collection of every paper and circumstance which could tend to preserve and do honour to the memory of a man, to whom America particularly owes so much, and who, as he was among the first who reflected back lustre on his native country, must continue to be ranked to the latest posterity, among its greatest benefactors and ornaments.
Early admiration of Dr. Franklin; educated in veneration and reverence of his character—and other incidental circumstances not necessary to be pointed out, have concurred to favour the collection of the best materials that could be obtained, after the sacrifice of the work by the devisee.
With some industry, and with some expense, the editor has possessed himself, not only of the copy with the corrections and additions in Dr. Franklin's hand-writing; but also of several articles which have never appeared in any former collection, and of some, which have never appeared in print. Proposals would have appeared long since in this city, had not an advertisement of an intended edition, been published in the English prints; the present editor thought it might be possible that the edition advertised was that which Mr. Temple Franklin was entrusted with: but it now appears that the English edition is only a new edition of the former compilation with small additions; but still deficient, on a comparison with the corrected papers in the hands, of the editor.
The whole will now be carefully collated, and the work executed in a style worthy of the great patriarch of American liberty, and the apostle of the American press.
The additional papers will form at least a volume, perhaps more—the authentic papers already printed, form three—and it is intended to begin with the second volume, which will be put to press immediately, and to publish the Biography last, so that such additional particulars as may throw any light on the life of this great man, may be engrafted on the memoir; to obtain which and other important materials, the editor will spare neither pains nor expense.
Gentlemen who may be possessed of authentic or original papers, or correspondence of Dr. F. will render public service by communicating them to the editor.
CONDITIONS.
The work shall be elegantly printed, on a new small pica type and pale vellum paper in large octavo.
The work will be ornamented with numerous engravings, a vignette to each volume, a whole length portrait from the best likeness allowed to be in existence, now in the possession of the editor.
The price of each volume will be 2 dollars 50 cents, payable on delivery only.
Subscriptions will be received at the Book-Store of William Duane, No. 106, Market-Street, Philadelphia, and in Pennsylvania avenue, Washington City; and by other Booksellers and private gentlemen, whose names will be notified in the several states of the union.
Subscriptions for the above work will be received at the Office of the Publick Ledger.
August 1. tf 31
We have received by the brig Sumner, from Jamaica,
57 puncheons high proof RUM,
15 Hogheads MOLASSES—which are offered for Sale on very liberal terms, by
Redmon & Frith.
ON HAND,
A parcel of very good W. Island RUM.
June 16. tf 834
FOR SALE,
The CARGO of the Brig Hannah, Captain Knapp, from Port Cavenas—consisting of
214 hhds. & 60 tierces prime Molasses.
T. & W. A. Armistead,
June 11. tf 830 Marsden's wharf.
ROBERT GIBSON,
Has removed to the Fire-Proof Ware-House in Wide Water-Street, nearly opposite Commerce Street.
Feb. 28. tf 596
For SALE by the Subscribers, a general assortment of
Ship Chandlery, Cordage, and Cables,
8, 9, 10, 11, and 12 inches,
English PAINTS and OIL,
Sheathing PAPER,
Bar IRON,
TOBACCO, Richmond Inspection; FLOUR,
PORK, Prime and Cargo, New-York Inspection,
200 GIN CASES; 20 Boxes SEGARS.
They have also on hand, an extensive and good assortment of
GROCERIES.
Noble, Arbuthnot, & Co.
March 31. tf 623
FOR SALE,
4 Cases BRITTANIAS,
2 Cases PLATILLAS,
1 Case CREASE,
4 Bales German OZNABURGS,
80 Puncheons Go-port RUM,
70 Hogheads Muscovado SUGAR.
James Young.
June 20. tf 846
A request to the Benevolent and Humane.
WHEREAS, in September last, I took JOHN JONES, son of Mary Jones, a lad then about 12 years of age, from the Berkeley Springs to this city, under a mistaken notion that his mother had a right (since she actually exercised it) to bind her son to me; and whereas, the said John Jones, getting probably informed of the nullity of the indenture, did on the 21st or 22nd of October, (after my setting out for Alexandria,) leave my house, and staid several days at Mr. Albert's, a baker, on Shockoe hill, by whom he was brought back, but left my house a second time, on the same or the next day, (as I have been informed on my return,) saying that he wished to go back to his mother, that he knew every step of the road, and should find in Fredericksburg plenty of wagons to carry him to Winchester: And whereas, I learned lately to my great surprise, from Captain John Hunter, at the Berkeley Springs, to whom I had occasion to write, that the said John Jones had neither been seen nor heard of, which has been confirmed since by a letter from his mother to me; I therefore request by this publick notice, all and every person or persons, who may harbour the before named John Jones, or know of his place of abode, or what has become of him, to communicate their intelligence to his disconsolate mother at the Berkeley Springs, or the subscriber in Richmond.
June 21st, 1806. G. S. STRAS.
The said John Jones is rather tall for his age, slender but well made, has a fair complexion, blue eyes, light hair, a number of freckles in the face, he is sprightly and active, rides well on horseback, and can drive a waggon.
FOR SALE,
A quantity of New-York and English
SLATE, of superior quality.
Reilly & Tunis.
June 23. tf 857
SECOND CLASS.
SCHEME OF A LOTTERY,
For the Benefit of WILLIAM AND MARY COLLEGE.
Table with 2 columns: Ticket info, Price. Includes: 5,938 Tickets at 10 dolls. each, 4,685 do. at 15 do. do., Deduct loss on 2000 Tickets renewed.
Dolls. 125,155
To float in the wheel, and come out as chance may direct.
Table with 3 columns: Prize info, Amount, Total. Includes: 2 Prizes of 5000 Dollars, each, 4 do. 2000 do., 16 do. 1000 do., 16 do. 500 do., 32 do. 200 do., 160 do. 100 do., 232 do. 50 do., 750 do. 20 do.
Stationary Prizes are,
Table with 3 columns: Prize info, Amount, Total. Includes: 1 Prize first drawn, after 1000 Tickets are out, 1 do. 2000, 1 do. 3000, 1 do. 4000, 1 do. 5000, 1 do. 6000, 1 do. 7000, 1 do. 8000, 1 do. 9000, 1 do. last drawn, a Prize.
1223 Prizes. Dolls. 125,000
9400 Blanks.
The superiority of this Scheme to the one first proposed, is so obvious, that little need be said in recommendation of it. Those inclined to adventure, will see that their chance for obtaining prizes is greatly increased; that pending the drawing, their small prizes may be immediately invested in other tickets, thereby giving them a chance for prizes of considerable magnitude. To those who have drawn prizes of 15 dollars, in the First Class, as well as to those who have drawn blanks, information is now given, that the prizes may at their own option be renewed by tickets in this Class, and their blanks also, but upon the payment in the latter case of 10 dollars with each blank, provided such prizes and blanks, with the cash, be remitted free of postage, to Robt. Greenhow, merchant, in Williamsburg, agent and treasurer, or to William Newum, Post-Master, in Norfolk, previous to the commencement of the drawing, after which period no renewal will be made. When to the prospect of individual advantage that may result to each adventurer, is added the patriotic reasons which induced the legislature to authorise this Lottery, it is ardently hoped that the disposition of tickets, will soon enable the commissioners to certify, that the drawing has commenced; which event, the agent assures the public, shall be expedited by every means in his power.
Robt. Greenhow, Ag't & Treasurer.
June 18. tf 842
CUT-NAIL MANUFACTORY.
EPHRAIM WELCH,
No. 88, MAIN-STREET,
WITH gratitude acknowledges the liberal encouragement the citizens of Norfolk, Portsmouth, and the Public have been pleased to offer since the introduction of his Nail Manufactory in this Borough, and informs them that he has erected all his Machines new, which are very considerably improved, and continues to manufacture the best quality—And has on hand for SALE, a constant supply of