Norfolk gazette and publick ledger (Norfolk [Va.]), 1806-02-21 00:00:00

NORFOLK GAZETTE AND PUBLICK LEDGER.
VOL. II.]
FRIDAY EVENING, FEBRUARY 21, 1806.
[NO. 94.
WHOLESALE PRICE-CURRENT. NORFOLK, FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 21, 1806.
Table with 5 columns: ARTICLES, per, From, To, Remarks. Lists prices for various goods like Bacon, Beef, Brandy, Bread, Butter, Candles, Coal, Coffee, Cotton, Duck, Fish, Grain, Hemp, Iron, Lead, Molasses, Pork, Raisins, Rum, Salt, Sugar, etc.
Premiums of Insurance on American Property. To Great-Britain, Ireland, Portugal, and Spain, without the Straights of Gibraltar. 4 1-2 5. France, Holland, Bremen, and Embden, 4 5. In the Mediterranean, 5 6. Madeira, Canaries, Azores, and Cape de Verd Islands, 4 4 1-2. British and Neutral Windward Islands from Barbadoes to St. Thomas 5. Jamaica and Honduras 12 1-2. Porto Rico 6. Havanna 4 1-2 5. Cape-Francois, (unarmed) cannot be insured. Ports in the Bite of Leogane, 5 5 1-2. Ports on the South side of St. Domingo, insured. Persia, India, and China, 5 5 1-2. Coasters, 2 2 1-2. Prices of Stocks. Virginia Bank, 4 per cent. under par. Norfolk Marine Insurance Company, 12 1-2 per cent discount. United States Bank, none in the market. Exchange on London, 426 2-3 dollars for 100L Ster.
THIS PAPER IS PUBLISHED THREE TIMES A WEEK; PRICE TO SUBSCRIBERS FIVE DOLLARS AND FIFTY CENTS PER ANNUM, PAYABLE IN ADVANCE—SINGLE PAPER TWELVE AND ONE HALF CENTS—ADVERTISEMENTS ARE INSERTED AT THE RATE OF FIFTY CENTS FOR THE FIRST, AND TWENTY-FIVE CENTS PER SQUARE FOR EACH SUCCEEDING INSERTION.
FOR SALE—A FLOAT, 60 Hhds Richmond TOBACCO, 250 Barrels FLOUR, In Store, 40 Kgs LARD, 20 do. BUTTER, superior quality. A general assortment of Cordage and Cables, of 8, 9, 10, & 11 inches. Noble, Arbuthnott, & Co. WHO WANT TO CHARTER, An AMERICAN SHIP, of 300 hogheads, for a port in France. Feb. 17. 513
FOR SALE, A new well built Schooner, Burthen 120 55-95 tons—Liberal credit will be given—Negotiable notes with approved endorsers required. She has on board, 4 M feet 2 inch W. O. PLANK, 1 do. 1 do. 1 do. Rough hhd. STAVES, 3 do. do. bbl. do. And a quantity of FIRE-WOOD. 215 bbls CORN—afloat. John Macgowan. Feb. 17. 511
The Sloop Eliza, Allen Cotton, Master, burthen 80 tons, will take freight for Boston or Charleston—Apply to the master on board, opposite the County wharf. Feb. 17. 514
FOR FREIGHT OR CHARTER, The good Prussian SHIP STADT EMDEN, Peter Jurgenson, Master, burthen about 300 hogheads to-bacco—A freight to a port in France would be preferred. Apply to William Hartshorne, Jun. For SALE on board said Ship, A few hundred DEMIJOHNS. Apply as above. Feb. 12. 504
FOR LIVERPOOL, Intended to sail by the 10th March, The American ship ALEXANDER, Miles King, Master—three fourths of her cargo in tobacco already engaged. For freight of the balance or passage, having excellent accommodations, apply to J. & W. Southgate. February 10. 500
FOR CHARTER, The excellent new SHIP GLOBE, STEPHEN HOWLAND, Master, now lying in Hampton Road, and will carry about 380 hogheads Tobacco, sails remarkably fast, and in complete order to take on board a cargo. A freight to Liverpool will be preferred.—For terms apply to Richard Blow. February 10. 501
FOR NEW-YORK, The Sloop PATTY, George Clarke, Master; Will sail the first wind. For freight or passage, apply on board at Myers' wharf, or to Richard Bowden & Co. Feb. 7. 495
FOR GREENOCK, The British Ship MARY, WILLIAM ATHOL, Master. Part of her cargo being engaged, she will be despatched early in March—Tobacco or other goods will be received on low freight. Robert Dickson. Feb. 7. 495
For a Port in France, The fine coppered SHIP BELFAST, GEO. W. CARMAN, Master, burthen about 400 hogheads Tobacco, great part of her cargo being engaged; she will sail with all convenient speed.—For freight of the remainder, apply to Messrs. Rambaut, Gemon, & co. of Petersburg, Mr. Warren Ashley, or John & James Galwey. Feb. 3. 486
FOR A PORT IN FRANCE, The fine, newly coppered, fast sailing SHIP HIGHLAND MARY, Will take freight to amount of 200 hogheads Tobacco on liberty; will be ready in a few days.—Apply to Mr. Peter Gordon, or Geo. Murray, & Co. January 8. 419
Wanted to Charter, A SHIP, of about 300 hogheads burthen, to load for Falmouth and a Market. Also, A VESSEL, of about 1000 barrels, to load for Madeira.—Apply to Robert Maitland, & Co. Jan. 27. 464
Notice is hereby given that I shall apply to the Court of Northampton County, at April term next, for leave to discontinue so much of the road leading from Franktown to Ocochannock Neck, as goes upon my land. Tully R. Wise. Feb. 14. 509
COW-POX. The subscriber informs the publick, that some VACCINE MATTER which he has received from Philadelphia, has succeeded; and that those persons who have been prevented taking the disease from the loss of the infection here, can now be inoculated. George Balfour. Feb. 12. 505
Landing this day, and for Sale, from brig Fame, 100 boxes Havanna SUGARS, 47 hhd. MOLASSES, 120 bbls. choice Green COFFEE. From on board brig Echo, 25 hhd. Clayed SUGAR. And from schooner Combine, 65 casks RAISINS, 30 boxes ALMONDS, 3,500 bushels St. Ube's SALT. Moses Myers. Feb. 17. 510
SIX CENTS REWARD. ABSCONDED this morning without any provocation, an Apprentice boy named JOHN EWING, A Tailor by trade, about 15 years of age, slender made, black eyes and dark hair; had on when he went away, a black cloth round jacket, and grey pantaloons.—All persons are forewarned from employing, harbouring or carrying him away. The above reward will be paid to any person who will deliver him to me. John Madden. Feb. 17. 512
The celebrated Arabian Horse SELIM, Which was imported into this state about 3 years ago, and whose Colts are now so universally admired for size and activity, will stand this season at my Stable near the Race-Field; particulars of which will be made known in time. R. H. Cocke. Feb. 7. 497
TO RENT, A Ware-House on Commerce-Street Wharf.—Apply to William Plume, & Co. Feb. 3. 482
Now landing from on board the Sloop Director, and for SALE at the Ware-House formerly occupied by Messrs. James and Thomas Tucker, Maxwell's-wharf, 5 Pipes Cogniac BRANDY, 5 Hogshead MOLASSES, 20 Casks Malaga WINE, 20 Barrels SUGAR, 20 do. Prime New-York PORK, 20 do. do. BEEF, 10 do. do. APPLES, 30 Boxes Mould and Dipped CANDLES, 10 do. SOAP, 10 Chests Souchong TEA, 2 do. Imperial, 1 do. Hyson. All of which will be Sold low or exchanged for Country Produce. James M'Clenachan. Feb. 3. 485
FALL AND WINTER GOODS. GILLIAT AND MACKINDER, Have received by the Ship PLANTER, BOWEN, from London, and FREDONIA, from Liverpool, their supply of FALL AND WINTER GOODS, And will be Sold on low terms, for Cash, or approved Acceptances in Town.—Amongst which are 17 Bales of Napt. Cottons. 18 do. of Rose Blankets. 8 do. Stripe do. 9 do. White and Red Flannels. 10 do. White Plains and Kerseys. 12 do. Blue do. 14 do. Blue & Green Half Thicks. 6 do. Stripe and Grey Coatings. 2 do. Yarn Hose. do. Carpeting and Carpets. 8 do. Mixed Fearnoughts. The above packages are well assorted. September 16. 145
NEW CUT-NAIL MANUFACTORY, ON TOWN POINT, A small distance below County Wharf, Wide Water Street. THE Subscriber has, at a considerable expense, fitted up, in addition to his other business, a complete set of machinery, adequate to finish 500 to 600 lbs. of Nails daily. He is also provided with a good stock of Iron; and with a sufficient number of skilful workmen. He has on hand a constant supply of Nails, Flooring Brads, and Sprigs, which he offers for Sale at the reduced prices as follows, by the keg, viz.
Table with 4 columns: Size, Nails, Price per lb. Rows include: 10d, 12d, 20d, 8d per lb. 8d, Sheathing, 7 1-2d per lb. 6d, 10d per lb. 4d, 3s per M. 3d, 2s 7 1-2d du. 8d, 10d, 12d, and 20d, Brads, 8d per lb. 6d, 4s 6d per M. 4d, 3s do. 3d, 2s 7 1-2d do. 2d, 2s 1-2d do. ALSO—HOOP AND BAR-IRON ASSORTED. LEVIN DORSEY. March 18. 508
SUGAR AND COFFEE. Landing this morning on Town-Point, the cargo of the brig Wheeler, from Guadalupe, consisting of Clayed and Muscovada SUGARS, And Prime Green COFFEE in tierces. To be sold on moderate terms. Robert Dickson. Feb. 7. 496
LIVERPOOL SALT. A Cargo of Stoved SALT, on board the Alexander—For Sale on moderate terms by J. & W. Southgate. A few hundred bushels COALS. Feb. 3. 487
FOR SALE, BY THE SUBSCRIBER, AT HIS LUMBER YARD ON CALVERT'S WHARF, 700,000 SALE SHINGLES. 50,000 BUILDING do. 50,000 STAVES—White and Red Oak. 10,000 CYPRESS PALES. 5,000 CEDAR and CHINQUEPIN POSTS. Also shall keep a supply of PLANK AND SCANTLING. Thomas H. Parker. August 19. 77
From the Boston Courant.
COUNTERFEIT BILLS. The following counterfeit bank bills are in circulation in the northern states—and we think it our duty to describe them, as far as is in our power, to prevent their circulation. Those who are not thoroughly acquainted with bills ought to be cautious what ones they take—as there never were more counterfeits in circulation than at the present moment.
Bills of the state of Massachusetts. Onton Bank, at Boston—Five dollar Bills.—They are executed entirely with a pen, and can easily be distinguished from the true ones—but few in circulation. Massachusetts Bank at Boston—Ten Dollar Bills, a good imitation of the true ones—paper lighter—few in circulation. New Bedford Bank—Nine Dollar Bills—hard to distinguish from the genuine bills—except in the motto, "Peace to the World." In world the l and d are in a shade in the counterfeits. The true bills have only the d. Paper more spongy and whiter than the original.
Maine Bank, Portland—Five, Seven and, Nine Dollar Bills are counterfeited. Some of the nines are dated March 16, 1803, and are hard to distinguish from the true bills. The sevens are dated March 4, 1804, and are also well imitated. Portland Bank—Seven dollar Bills, easily known from the genuine. Nantucket Pacific Bank—Ten Dollar Bills, and Two Dollar Bills of Nantucket Bank, altered to Ten Dollars.
Lincoln and Kennebec Bank at Wiscasset—Ten Dollars—imitation good—paper lighter and more spongy than the genuine. Plymouth Bank—Five Dollar Bills of the first impression issued from the Bank; imitation good, excepting the red and black ink, which are at once a detection of them—but few in circulation. Gloucester Bank—Five and Ten Dollar Bills; but so badly done, that a single glance of the eye can detect them—but few in circulation.
There are also four and six dollar bills of Salem bank in circulation. Imitation poor, besides a fictitious signature of the president and cashier. The genuine bills bear the name of Benjamin Pickham, jun. as president, and Jona Hodges, as cashier. The incorporated banks in this state are 22; and we believe all the counterfeit bills in circulation are enumerated above.
Bills of the state of New-Hampshire. Dover Bank—Two dollar bills; very badly executed. They are dated Feb. 7, 1804. Portsmouth—Five and ten dollar bills of New-Hampshire bank, payable at the bank of the United States in Philadelphia. These are a tolerable imitation. Cheshire Bank at Keene—Ten dollar bills, dated Jan. 12, 1805. They are well executed, and known only by a critical examination with the true bills.—Some two dollar bills of this kind, are also altered to a ten.
Bills of the state of Connecticut. Norwich—One dollar bills altered to 25—The 25 in german text is shaded by a scrawl; in the genuine they are not. One dollar bills are also altered to ten, and are well done. New London. Twenty dollar bills, altered from a smaller denomination, are extremely well done.
Bills of the State of Rhode-Island. Smithfield Bank. Two, three, seven, five and ten dollar bills of this bank, have recently got into circulation. The sevens are extremely well imitated, so much so that it requires a very close comparison with the true bills, to distinguish them. The other denominations are also well imitated. Providence. Five dollar bills of the Exchange Bank—imitation very bad. There are also in circulation ten dollar bills of the banks in Providence, altered from a smaller denomination. Newport Union Bank. Three dollar bills, dated March 8, 1804, clumsily done. Washington Bank, at Westerly. One dollar bills altered to twenty-five. There are also a few five dollar bills, counterfeited, of this bank, in circulation.
Bills of the State of New-York. Farmer's Bank at Troy. Ten dollar bills, the impressions generally fainter than the true ones—paper lighter complexion, and more spongy. Manhattan Bank at New-York. Five dollar bills; paper and impression about the same as those of Troy Bank. Merchant's Bank at New-York. Five and ten dollar bills, poorly imitated, and easily known from the genuine bills.
Besides the above counterfeits, there are, five, ten, twenty and fifty dollar bills of the U. States bank in circulation. Those acquainted with bills, can easily discover them from the genuine. There have also, within a few days got into circulation, spurious ten dollar bills of Newbern bank, dated July 25, 1805, signed James M'Kinley, president, and M. C. Stephens, cashier. They are a handsome looking bill, but no such bank exists. There are also no such banks as Burlington, Richmond, Scituate, or Philadelphia Union Bank; bills of which are in circulation.
From motives of public good we have been thus particular in describing all the counterfeit bills in circulation; and the several printers will doubtless render a service to the community by inserting the above in their papers. GILBERT & DEAN. Boston, January 17.
* This is a mistake, there is a Bank at Newbern, which has been twelve months in operation.—ED. LED.
To be Leased, For one or six years, and possession to be had on the first of January next. A Commodious BRICK-HOUSE on Smith's Point, now occupied by Mr. Harris—all convenient offices, and a good garden are annexed to this tenement—For the accommodation of a tenant, an adjoining lot may be had. P. Barraud. November 18. 288
Richmond Academy Lottery, NOW DRAWING, CONTAINING One Prize of Ten Thousand Dollars, Besides several other large Prizes. * * * TICKETS for Sale by the Editor of THIS PAPER November 15. 279

We had hoped that the arrival of the mails, would have furnished us with particulars of the important events, of which we have only been able to present a general outline, but we are disappointed. Another account of those events has been received at New-York, and which we insert as corroborative of what has been before published. Although we have no doubt of the discomfiture of Buonaparte in the result of the murderous conflicts of the 2d, 3d, 4th and 5th Dec. yet we do not believe that he will be overcome without many powerful efforts on his part.
The obstinacy with which he contended in the conflicts near Wischau, was more a measure of necessity than choice. Buonaparte could not be ignorant of the views of the Prussian monarch, it was therefore expedient to hazard more than prudence under other circumstances, would have justified. The defeat of the combined Russian and Austrian army, might have changed the plans of a cautious cabinet, or if that effect could not be produced, the co-operation of the Prussian army with a defeated and consequently dispirited army, would not have excited much apprehension. As similar motives must have operated with the French Emperor, until the junction of the Prussian army, we shall not be surprised to hear of another and perhaps more dreadful battle, in which every thing that military skill and courage, made desperate by circumstances, can perform, may be expected. Buonaparte may gain, but he cannot lose by the fate of the battle. If the army already superior to his is joined by another of equal force, he has nothing to hope for, but in a dangerous, perhaps an impracticable retreat. His safety depends on defeating the Emperor Alexander. Events on which the fate of Empires are to be governed, must excite much solicitude, wherefore we look with impatience for arrivals from Europe a few days later than our last.
We received the Washington Federalist only, last evening from Washington, which does not contain any Congressional proceedings, consequently we have it not in our power to offer any thing from that quarter.
Several of the northern papers speak with confidence of despatches being received to the 24th of November, from Mr. Monroe, which state that our differences with Great-Britain, are, or will be amicably, and we doubt not, honourably adjusted.
The United States Brig HORNET, CAPT. CHAUNCEY, whose departure from Charleston we noticed in our last, arrived at New-York the 14th instant, as appears by the New-York Gazette of the 15th, which we received by Captain Block. It is said that the Hornet has been ordered to New-York, in order to take out a Minister Extraordinary to Great Britain, and report seems to fix on Mr. BURN as the person designated for this very important mission. Conjectures respecting Mr. BURN have been strengthened by circumstances, and more particularly his sudden, and to many, unexpected return from the Southward. He passed through Petersburg about five or six days since on his way to Washington. With respect to Mr. BURN's return to Washington, we can say upon good authority, that it was not occasioned by any recent circumstances, for that before he left that City on his late Tour, he intended to return there about this time.
BREIT FLEET. —Advises from various quarters, induce us to believe, that notwithstanding the silence of the British papers, upon the subject, that this fleet, or a part of it, is at sea.
The ship Iris from Messina bound to Salem, was boarded on the 16th January, by a French Fleet of 11 sail of the line, and 7 Frigates, steering S. W.
In addition to which we observe in a Grenada paper of the 24th January, received by the brig Eliza Henry, Captain Butler, arrived this morning, the following paragraph "The Brig Fame, Reed, from Cork, which arrived at Trinidad the 20th instant, fell in with a French Fleet of 11 sail of the line near the Western Islands, steering for the West Indies. The Fame escaped by some vessels heaving in sight, to which the fleet gave chase."
Loss of the Brig Sally of this Port. We are sorry to observe by the Nassau papers, that this vessel was lost on her passage from Havana to this port, on the 16th of January, on Abaco, one of the Bahamas. The crew and part of the cargo are saved. The vessel is lost.
We informed the publick in our last of the issue of the secret sittings, a secret bill authorising the purchase of the FLORIDAS. What will the publick say to such conduct? After purchasing and PAYING for Louisiana, including as we thought a country almost of unbounded extent, and a considerable portion of the Floridas, we discover, to use an old adage, that we have been buying a pig in a poke. It now appears that a secret article between France and Spain, of which our minister and government were kept ignorant, deprives the United States of all Florida and a portion of Louisiana. Thus have the government and people been most egregiously deceived in the value of the purchase. And we are now about to sanction the deception by appropriating millions more for another purchase in the extent of which we possibly may be again deceived. It was in developing this business, that the conduct of John Randolph was above all praise. The amor patriæ of this gentleman will ever command our highest admiration. The magnanimity of his spirit and the independence of his mind shone conspicuously in the midst of the assembled sages of his country, and his eloquence, splendid luminous and manly, as it was, failed to rouse those whose souls had heretofore been moulded to his will. Wash. Fed.
The following ESTIMATE of the annual expense of supporting in actual service, the whole of the frigates and smaller vessels now belonging to the Navy of the United States, was submitted to the House of Representatives by the Secretary of the Navy, the 28th January, 1806.
ESTIMATE Of the annual expense of supporting in actual service, the whole of the frigates and smaller vessels now belonging to the Navy of the United States.
   NAMES OF VESSELS. For pay & subsistence of the officers and pay of the seamen. For Provisions. For medicine, hospital stores, &c. Repairs & contingent expenses. Total amount.     Frigate President, United States, 52,561 31,653 25 1,000 30,000 115,214 25   Constitution, 50,965 31,653 25 1,000 30,000 113,618 25   Chesapeake, 50,965 31,653 25 1,000 30,000 113,618 25   Constellation, 44,293 26,959 76 1,000 30,000 102,252 76   Congress, 44,293 26,959 76 1,000 30,000 102,252 76   New-York, 44,293 26,959 76 1,000 30,000 102,252 76   Essex, 35,173 20,633 86 800 25,000 81,606 86   Adams, 35,173 20,633 86 800 25,000 81,606 86   John Adams, 35,173 20,633 86 800 25,000 81,606 86   Boston, 35,173 20,633 86 800 25,000 81,606 86   Brig Siren, 19,746 9,534 20 600 12,000 41,880 20   Hornet, 19,746 9,534 20 600 12,000 41,880 20   Argus, 19,746 9,734 20 600 12,000 41,880 20   Vixen, 15,939 7,171 13 500 8,000 31,610 13   Sch'r Nautilus, 15,939 7,171 13 500 8,000 31,610 13   Enterprize, 15,939 7,171 13 500 8,000 31,610 13   Gun boat No. 1, 6,441 3,648 46 200 750 11,039 46   Gun boats 2 to 10 inclusive 57,969 32,836 14 1,800 6,750 99,355 14   Two Bonuses, 12,882 7,296 92 400 1,500 22,078 92   Dols. 663,374 383,925 23 15,900 379,000 1,442,199 23  
N. B. The expense of marines not included, excepting in the item of provisions.
William and Mary College Lottery.
TWENTY-SEVENTH DAY.
Nos. 15, 6259, 4281, Prizes of 500 Dollars.
Prizes of 15 Dollars.
   Nos. — 76 108 244 295 568 645 1175 4162   4087 3621 7905 7312 7988 3764 1572 3226 1264   4447 5870 7838 2781 1894 3134 2279 6282 6922   5288 6226 6522 4483 3894 2289 1599 2237 5380   1390 4519 5721 4709 3632 1875 7473 5580 1592   3907 4471 4595 3427 7492 4481 4222 7869 3690   4561 7161  
TWENTY-EIGHTH DAY.
Prizes of 15 Dols.
   Nos. — 17 96 245 784 858 7067 2859 7827   7659 5592 7878 1944 2492 4113 3811 1658 3225   7553 6202 1774 3272 5138 2772 2476 2559 5005   5197 6216 4984 7935 1410 2326 7936 3779 2524   7192 2006 1798 4756 1758 2830 2881 2609 4340   7068 2802 1238 4531 1823 6637 6568 1873   Total gain of the Wheel 12,190 Dollars.  
From the United States' Gazette.
Certain persons have taken upon themselves to denounce the Marquis de Casa Yrujo's note, relative to the President's message, as an insolent production. Although we lament with our fellow-citizens that any step should have been taken, no matter from what quarter, which may appear in any manner derogatory of the respect due to our government, we cannot but declare after the strictest analysis, that such an imputation is, in our opinion, both passionate and unjust. We are as attached to our government as any of our fellow citizens, but let us not forget, that this attachment is directed to its principles, and not to persons, their views or private motives. The censure cast on the said note, must either be applied to the appeal made by the Marquis to the members of the diplomatic corps, accredited near the United States, or to its tenor or style, or to the facts and assertions contained in his note. As to the first, it is well known, and cannot be contradicted by persons in any manner versed in diplomatic affairs, that this is a custom generally adopted, and practised in circumstances similar to those under which the minister of Spain circulated his note. To this practice we are indebted for the knowledge and information of those diplomatic productions in Europe, so often to be met with in our own country.
This custom has been more clearly authenticated in the countries which enjoyed the liberty of the press, and by their means all the memorials presented alternately in the United Provinces of Holland (during the important period of 1766 and 1787) by sir James Harris, (now lord Malmesbury, minister from England) the marquis de Verac, ambassador from France, and baron de Thulemayer, minister of Prussia, used by this means to find their way into the news-papers of that country, two or three days after they had been delivered. This custom, properly established by facts, that no body will dare to contradict, clearly proves that the marquis in his adoption, has only added a new fact to the numerous string of them to be met with in the annals of diplomacy; of course no blame whatever can be attached to him for conduct supported by so many respectable precedents, particularly, when he has not, as we understand, interfered in its printed publication.
As to the tenor and style of his note, which forms the second head under consideration, we recommend the impartial perusal of this important document, and we defy that a single expression may be found wanting in due deference and respect to our government, even when labouring under the painful necessity of presenting facts, contrary in their tendency to the assertions contained in the President's message.
We have thus proved with the injustice with which the denomination of insolence has been applied to a step sanctioned by the general custom of diplomacy, or to language which by a calm and impartial examination, will be found moderate and respectful. We will now take under consideration the assertions and facts brought forward in the Marquis's note. Who can pretend to be so thoroughly informed of the American and Spanish government's secret communications, as to take upon himself to contradict them? No one, but government themselves, would be adequate to such a task, and from the opinion which has leaked out from both houses of Congress after a strict examination of all the documents relative thereto, we are bold to say that they never can be controverted. This being the case, as we apprehend it is, the Marquis is to be blamed for bringing forward in a respectful manner, observations founded on undeniable truths, when obliged thereto by the functions and duties of his station? We confess our own ignorance as to the particulars of those secret transactions, but so far we know, that both houses of Congress, after a mature examination of those secret transactions between the two governments, have so much differed from the President as to give up the measures recommended by him on this head, and that they have adopted others more analogous to the justice they owe to Spain, as well as to themselves. This circumstance, which time will bring forth in a clearer point of view, indicates strongly the Marquis de Casa Yrujo's assertions in defence of the rights of his sovereign were not groundless. If so, where then is the motive for disapproving his conduct?
It is with reluctance we have thought proper to come forward with the observations—we suppose they will be attributed either to hatred towards our present administration, or to partiality to the Marquis: we sincerely disclaim both motives, and in acting in a manner conformable to justice, I only wish to be considered as A Friend to Truth.
BALTIMORE, February 15.
By the late arrivals both to the northward & southward, as well as at this port, our European advices are brought down to the 31st day of December. The latest we are now in possession of is the verbal information communicated by captain Adams, who arrived here last Saturday, from Lisbon, which place he left on the 1st of January. He persists in the correctness of his detail, which in substance is, that on the last of December, he saw at the Swedish consul's office, official bulletins of a continued action between the French and Russians, that lasted with small intermission for eight days, and terminated in the total dismemberment and destruction of the Russian army. He says that the accounts stated positively that 40,000 laid down their arms, after stipulating for an uninterrupted return to their own country—and that 20,000 attempting to force their way through the French army were cut in pieces. Now let us contrast this account with our advices from other parts of the continent of Europe. Those from England are to the 18th of December, and give accounts of battles fought with various success, from the 2d to the 5th Dec. In general the tide of victory in these details belong to the Russians—this we are far from denying, all we mean to infer is, that as far as they go, they confirm the accounts by capt. Adams. It is, however, a rather curious circumstance, that the British government should have remained silent if the success of their allies was so triumphant, as set forth in the London morning prints. Formerly we were favoured with an extraordinary gazette, if but a single post or trifling advantage were gained over the French; but now, although their loss in a single engagement is stated at 27,000 men, we have neither an extraordinary, nor even an ordinary gazette. However, by way of London, the accounts positively state, "four days of those battles mentioned by Adams," and so far confirms them, although the termination could not be known at the date above mentioned. Let us now trace our view to the detail given by capt. Decost, who arrived from Rotterdam at Charleston the 8th Feb.; his advices bring our continental news to the 20th December, and positively state, that at that time in Holland, advices from the contending armies in Moravia, state severe battles of many days continuance, which finally terminated in the arms of France being signalily victorious. Now if those various accounts are contrasted with each other, one cannot avoid believing that capt. Adams' account is correct; indeed a few days, will in all probability, clear up the doubts that remain on every person's mind, as they may be variously affected. In the mean time, this little statement of facts, may serve to bring the substance of all our late advices into one general view.
We copy the foregoing speculations, from the Baltimore Telegraph, upon which we shall only ask, that if official bulletins were in Lisbon, the 31st Dec. how did it happen that they were not in Rotterdam, the 20th December?
The advices from the scene of action would reach Rotterdam in nine days, or even less, for we observe that a bulletin dated at Brunn, on the 25th November, was published at Paris on the 2d December.
The papers from New-York, put no confidence in the intelligence from Lisbon.
MEMORIAL
OF THE MERCHANTS OF BOSTON.
To the President of the United States, and the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America, in Congress assembled.
The subscribers, a Committee of the Merchants of the town of Boston, duly empowered for the purpose, respectfully ask leave to address government on a subject highly interesting to the commerce and prosperity of the United States, and involving in its results a great pecuniary property, acquired as they believe, by honest exertions in the prosecution of an open, fair, and authorised trade.
While your memorialists have witnessed, with mingled feelings of indignation towards the perpetrators, and of commiseration for their unfortunate countrymen, the insults and barbarities which the commerce of these states has sustained from the cruisers of France and Spain, it is their object in the present memorial, to confine their animadversions to the more alarming, because more numerous, and extensive detentions, and condemnations of American vessels by Great Britain, and to advert to the principles recently avowed, and adopted by her courts, relative to neutral trade in articles of colonial produce—Principles which, if admitted, or practised upon in all the latitude which may fairly be inferred to be intended, would be destructive of the navigation, and radically impair the most lucrative commerce of our country.
The law of nations, like all other laws not formed by express compact, must, to give it an obligatory force, be founded on the rule of right, and be construed to exist only from open declaration, or from a tacit acquiescence under its operation by the parties interested in it.
It is a law which can never be considered as absolutely permanent, for being established by common consent for the general good, it can only be supported so long as it produces the effect intended, and so various are the changes in the political world, from the relative situation of states at different epochs, and from the growth of new empires, that it may very possibly happen, that what promoted the public welfare at one time, and therefore became part of the law of nations, might, at another period, tend only to the aggrandizement of an individual nation, at the expense and to the depression and injury of many others.
ther nations. In such case it is but reasonable to expect, that old principles, even if they had been once expressly admitted, would become absolute, or be newly modified and made to conform to a state of nations, widely different from that in which they originated—at any rate your memorialists presume it can never be justly contended, that principles of maritime law have been admitted by a nation during whose existence they had never been avowed nor acted upon, merely because such nation did not anticipate and combat pretensions which it never imagined would be seriously advocated—Principles that had been virtually abandoned subsequently to their first avowal, even during an intermediate and inveterate war, and during the prosecution of a trade which is now interdicted and alleged to be illegal, but which trade was at that time sanctioned by the promulgated decisions of her courts, and by an official communication from one of the highest organs of the very government which is now attempting to destroy it, and with its suppression to annihilate, or greatly diminish, the commerce of neutral nations.
From the decree of the Lords of Appeal in the case of the Essex—Orme—from the judgment of Sir Wm. Scott, in several other cases since that decree in direct contravention of his former decisions—from the multiplied arrestations and detentions of American vessels, of which every arrival furnishes a more extended list, there is great cause to apprehend, that the British government mean to set up a principle, That she has a right to interdict all commerce by neutrals to the ports of her enemies, which ports had not been opened previously to the commencement of hostilities—that if she permits a trade with them in any degree, she has a right to prescribe the limits of it—to investigate the intention of the parties prosecuting it, and if such intention be not the actual disposition of the property in the neutral country, to consider the merchandise even after the imported therein, warehoused, after having been in direct contravention of such country, and the duties paid on it, as only in the stage of a continued and direct voyage from the colony to the mother country, or vice versa, and therefore illegal, and liable to condemnation.
Speculating upon the apparent avowal of these principles, the vice admiralty judges of Great Britain, the officers of her ships of war and cruisers, seem to consider them as the signal for harassing and arresting neutral commerce, and vigilantly acting in conformity with these impressions.—We find, that scarcely an American vessel can pass the Bahamas, the straits of Gibraltar, or the English channel, without being seized, in some cases condemned, and in others released, either without damages, or with the conviction, that the demand for compensation, would be attended with greater expense than would be defrayed by a successful pursuit of it.
In some instances, your memorialists find new vessels, on their first passage from the United States to Europe, arrested, carried out of their course, and injuriously detained, under the vexatious pretence of a continuity of voyage from the country or colony of a belligerent.
In another instance they have witnessed a vessel captured and condemned under the most frivolous pretext, when in the prosecution of an acknowledged and permitted trade, under circumstances which banished every shadow of doubt as to the real destination of the vessel, the identity of the owners, or the actual intention of the parties.
Your memorialists allude to the case of the Indus, Myrick—which vessel was owned by gentlemen of this town, not engaged in commission business—possessing very abundant capital to undertake large and distant enterprises, and the fairness of whose intentions or conduct, has never been questioned or suspected.
The Indus proceeded from Boston to Batavia, there purchased a cargo, and with the return therewith to Boston, was dismasted, and after suffering severely from the elements, obliged to put into the Mauritius; on her arrival there, the ship was found too much injured to prosecute the voyage, was condemned as not sea-worthy, and sold. The captain, not being able satisfactorily to dispose at the Isle of France of that part of the cargo, which remained after defraying the expenses, purchased another vessel, gave her the same name, put on board the residue of his original cargo, and completed his loading with freight belonging to citizens of this town. With this remnant, saved from his misfortunes, he proceeded on the voyage, and had nearly reached the mouth of our harbour, when his vessel was captured by a British cruiser, and carried into Halifax, and there by the vice admiralty court condemned, because among the papers was found a memorandum, reminding the captain after his arrival within the harbour of Boston, to insert in the manifest to be delivered at the custom house, a provision merely intended to operate in case of the restoration of peace before the return of the vessel, and which, as the laws of the United States were, when he departed from Boston, was needful to enable her to proceed to Europe without unloading the cargo, or the payment of duties; and which provision, the captain must have been well convinced, was rendered wholly nugatory with the second ship, because, when he left the United States, he knew, that if any part of the cargo were entered, the whole must be landed; and having taken freight which he was obliged to deliver here, there no longer remained an election respecting the termination of the voyage, and that it must of necessity be concluded at Boston.
The precautionary memorandum, to insert in the manifest after the arrival of the vessel in our harbor, the words "Boston and Embden," was practised at the time for the same purpose by many of our most correct and intelligent merchants, and is no evidence of an intention to avail of the permission which it gave to proceed to Europe. In the case of the Indus, the owners have disavowed, most formally, under the existing political state of Europe, any intention of continuing the voyage; and this asseveration is corroborated by the strongest collateral evidence it is possible to adduce—the same orders have been given in previous enterprises, in none of which had the permission been availed of—but in every case in which they were interested, the cargoes had been actually landed and sold in the United States, notwithstanding a similar declaration in the manifests.
In another case, your memorialists learn, that a vessel (the Aurora, Hall,) belonging to Portsmouth, N. H. after having carried out a cargo of innocent merchandise, the property of the natives and merchants of this town, to the neutral port of Leghorn, ordered from thence with specie to Calcutta, and from thence to return with a cargo to this place, has been arrested in the progress of the voyage, carried to Gibraltar, and may probably be condemned, because her outward cargo consisted of colonial produce, and because the captain was permitted by his orders to stop at the Isle of France on his voyage to Calcutta, and to avail himself of the state of the markets there, should they be favourable to procure a return cargo for Boston; thus embarrassing a trade which, whether prosecuted to one place or the other, has by all parties been considered as open, and extending the tant of a cargo of colonial produce, further than by most nations are attached to a loading of articles wholly contraband of war, for it is admitted by them, even in that case, that the offence is deposited with the cargo, and ceases on its delivery.

Your memorialists will not proceed to fatigue the attention of government, by either cases, which they presume, so soon as regular documents can be obtained, will by transmitted in precise statements to the Department of State. These few instances they have thought it needful to notice, in order to demonstrate, that unless the present disposition of the British Admiralty courts, and Navy Officers, can be counteracted and removed, a widely dispersed and unprotected commerce, extending to every region of the globe, will only serve to invite depredation, to bankrupt ourselves, and enrich others, until such commerce be swept from the face of the ocean, and leave nothing in its stead, but sentiments of hostility and acts of contention.
Without entering into elaborate disquisitions, your memorialists request permission to make a few remarks on what they conceive to be the principles assumed by Great Britain.
1st. It is contended by Great Britain, that she has the right to interdict entirely a trade by neutrals to the ports of her enemies, such ports not having been open to them in time of peace, and that having the right to interdict this trade altogether, she has, a fortiori, the right to modify it as she pleases—and of consequence, if an enemy nation should remain in a state of war for half a century, any alteration of her colonial system, which, very probably the progress of events might have produced in time of peace, shall not be permitted to her, even should there have taken place during that time, a total and acknowledged revolution of her government, and an abolition of all her ancient systems.
2ndly. That having allowed a direct trade between the colonies of her enemies, and neutral countries, she has a right to say, that such trade shall cease and determine in the neutral state—and that to prevent its further progress, she has the right to examine in all cases, to whom property found on the ocean belongs—to trace the evidences of a continuity of trade—to investigate the latent intentions of neutral merchants—to discriminate between importers and exporters—and then to accord to one part of a community, what she denies to another part.
A tacit submission to pretensions thus lofty and comprehensive, but which your memorialists trust are most of them untenable, would, they conceive, be an abandonment of rights openly recognized, and a dereliction of the most important commercial interests of our country.
Reason and the most powerful considerations of equity, enjoin it as a duty on the United States to oppose these pretensions; for, circumstanced as these States are possessing an immensely extended and fertile territory, producing mostly the necessaries of life, which, with the merchandise obtained from abroad by the industry and enterprise of her citizens, she is obliged to barter, or furnish in payment for importations of foreign produce or manufactures.—It behoves her, strenuously to contend for the right of an open commerce in innocent articles between other nations that are willing to accord it and herself; for if the right be not both claimed and admitted, scarcely any of the European powers can in future be engaged in warfare, without making the United States, in opposition both to her efforts and wishes, either a victim or a party in the contest; for it is well known that that the European power is carried on by occasional permissions, and by particular relaxations of the prohibitory system; and if the British contend, that the port of Batavia shall not be opened to neutrals in time of war, because it has ordinarily been closed against them in periods of peace—that the temporary permission to trade there, was extorted merely by the pressure of the maritime superiority of Great Britain, and that to relieve this pressure, by the purchase of Javanese produce, was counteracting the effect of her arms, and giving aid to her enemies in the war—it might with equal force, by parity of reasoning, be contended by France, or any other nation at war with Great Britain, that the limited permission given to the United States to trade at Jamaica in articles of the first necessity, was evidently granted with reluctance, and was extorted by the power of their arms on the continent of Europe; that to oppose and counterbalance these, Great Britain was necessitated to victual and man immense fleets, and to organize and support numerous armies—that to provision these fleets, and provide for these armies, consumed all the produce of her country, that not having any articles of subsistence to spare, she must therefore either abandon her colonies to famine, or reduce or distress her armaments by diverting from them, part of the supplies destined to their support—and that for the citizens of the United States to step in, and avail of even a six weeks permission to supply her colonies, and thus prevent their falling an easy prey to the arms of France from the pressure of their own necessities, and actually giving aid, and comfort, and existence to the enemy of France, was in effect making a common cause with her, and of course rendered the vessels of the United States, when captured in the prosecution of such trade, lawful prizes to the cruisers of France.
Thus your memorialists conceive the pretensions afford constant sources of collision, continually tending to involve these States in the issue of European wars, and would oblige the government, on the occurrence of such wars, speedily to unite with one or other of the parties, in order that the commerce of the country might lawfully avail itself of some degree of security, from the protection which its own force, and that of its allies could afford.
To this state of things your memorialists believe it can neither be the interest nor wish of the British government to reduce our country.
The right of internal commercial regulation in articles of an innocuous nature, is one of the essential and inherent rights of every independent sovereignty—and with the exception of a trade to blockaded ports, or in articles contraband of war, every government has a right to sell the surplus articles of its manufactures and produce to neutral merchants, who on their part, so long as they confine themselves to a fair and honourable course of dealing—purchasing exclusively for their own account; and refusing to cover the property of a belligerent, are entitled to the protection of their own, and the respect of other governments—for the most tenacious advocates for the rights of belligerents admit, that during war, neutrals have a right to enjoy in the utmost latitude, the trade to which they had been accustomed in time of peace. Now if a belligerent has the right to blockade an extended sea coast, and exclude neutrals from perhaps fifty different ports (as was the case with the French ports in the channel during the last war) how can the neutral enjoy his usual peace trade in its greatest latitude, unless this deprivation is balanced by another trade which is opened to him during the war?
As to the inquisitorial right of search into the ownership of neutral property set up by G. Britain, and the doctrine appended to it, that a neutral importer shall not again export his goods, but that they shall be first alienated and passed into the possession of others. Your memorialists believe them to be unsound in principle, offensive in practice, and nugatory in effect—for the importation of merchandise into a neutral country, landing it, payment of duties on it, and exposing it for sale, as fully domesticates such merchandise, and makes it as much a part of the marketable stock of the country as the coin which is raised in the fields, or the beef that is fatted on its mountains; and thence forward, it becomes as much the right of one citizen, as of another, to export, or appropriate it, as he chooses, and the attempt by another government subsequently to discriminate, and to deprive a neutral merchant of the right to pur-
chase a cargo for exportation, because possibly he owned a fifteenth part of it on importation, can only excite irritation—invite collusion—lead to fictitious sales, and eventually would diminish in a very small, if in any degree, shipments of foreign produce.
This doctrine is probably more injurious in its operation to the U. States than to any other country. Second to no nation on earth in enterprise, her citizens are yet inferior to those of many other countries in capital—hence arises the necessity of numerous associations in the prosecution of distant enterprises, and to exclude all the original associates from the rights of any subsequent trade in articles derived from adventures in which they had been concerned to perhaps a very small amount, and which adventures after the arrival in the U. States, are as much terminated, so far as respects the continuity of association, as if the property had been sunk in the ocean, and thus to throw advantages into the laps of their neighbours, from the participation of which they are interdicted is manifestly arbitrary and unjust.
Your memorialists would with reluctance believe that the sacred tribunals of justice have been subservient to motives of political expediency, more especially in a nation whose judicial proceedings have frequently deserved, and commanded the respect of all civilized countries—yet they know not, easily, how to reconcile on any other ground, the contradictory proceedings of the British admiralty courts during the last, and present war.
In February, 1800, there came on for final adjudication before the high court of admiralty, in Great Britain, the case of the Polly, Laskey,—this was a vessel bound from Marblehead to Bilboa, captured and carried into England, because she had on board 249 boxes of Havana sugars, and 80 hds. Caraccas cocoa, the produce of Spanish colonies—and was brought to trial principally under the pretence that, as she was carrying those articles to a port of Spain, the trade was in effect a direct one between the colony and the mother country, and therefore illegal, and subjecting the property to condemnation.
The Polly was owned by a merchant of Marblehead, who in his attestation declared, that he had been in habits of trading both with old Spain and the with the Hayanna. In evidence on the trial it appeared, that the Polly on a previous voyage had been to Bilboa—that she took from thence bills of exchange on the Hayanna—that with these bills, she in part paid for the identical sugars which were found on board of her, at the time of capture—that for the residue of the purchase, bills were drawn from the Hayanna on the house in Bilboa, who did the business of the vessel on her former voyage—and by the certificate of the collector of the customs at Marblehead it appeared—that the sugar had been imported from the Hayanna on board the Polly in June, and exported by her to Bilboa in August—the intermediate time being employed in repairing the vessel, and preparing her for the voyage. It also appeared by the deposition of the mate, that the captain had destroyed some of his papers.
A case more pertinent to the question at issue, or more strongly marked, could scarcely be imagined by the strongest powers of invention.
For the captors, there appeared in the king's advocate (undoubtedly one of the ablest jurists in the nation) and Mr. Arnold. In delivering its judgement, the court asked, whether it were contended, that an American could not purchase articles of this nature, and import them bona fide to America on his account, and afterwards export them? It was answered no. The court then stated—that an American has undoubtedly a right to import the produce of the Spanish colonies for his own use, and after it is imported bona fide into his own country, he would be at liberty to carry them on to the general commerce of Europe. The vessel and cargo were restored to the neutral claimants.*
In 1801, in consequence of a decree of the vice admiralty court at Nassau, condemning the cargo of an American vessel going from the United States to a port in the Spanish colonies, with a cargo consisting of articles the growth of old Spain—our highly respectable and able minister at the court of London immediately addressed lord Hawkesbury, his majesty's secretary for foreign affairs, and remonstrated in a respectful, but a firm and dignified manner against this infringement, and violation of rights of neutrals. The remonstrance met that prompt attention from the British government which its merits demanded. The subject was referred to the consideration of the advocate general, who reported—that the sentence of the vice admiralty court at Nassau was founded in error—that it was now (1801) distinctly understood, and had been repeatedly so decided by the high court of appeals, that the produce of the colonies of the enemy, may be imported by a neutral into his own country, and may be re-exported from thence even to the mother country of such colony; and in like manner, the produce and manufactures of the mother country, may in this circuitous route legally find their way to the colonies—that a direct trade had not been recognized as legal, and the decision of what was, or was not, a direct trade, was a question of some difficulty, but that the high court of admiralty had expressly decided, and the advocate general saw no reason to expect the court of appeals would vary the rule, that landing the goods, and paying the duties in the neutral country, breaks the continuity of the voyage, and is such an importation as legalizes the trade, although the goods be reshipped in the same vessel, and on account of the same neutral proprietors, and forwarded for sale to the mother country.
The report of the advocate general was accepted by the British government, immediately transmitted by lord Hawkesbury to Mr. King; and his majesty's express command communicated by the Duke of Portland, the principle secretary of state, to the lords commissioners of the admiralty, with the information that it was his majesty's pleasure, that the doctrine laid down in the advocate general's report, should be immediately made known to the several judges of the vice admiralty courts, setting forth to them what he held to be law upon the subject, by the superior tribunals, for their future guidance and direction.†
Thus are obtained so recently, as within five years the deliberate opinions, on the subject under discussion, of the most eminent English civilians, and of the high court of admiralty, corroborated (if one of the first law officers of the crown may be credited,) by the repeated decisions of the same court of appeals which by its late, and contradictory decree, in the case of the Essex, Orne, has caused so disastrous an arrestation and condemnation of American property.
Judgments thus perspicuously, stated and enforced, by the highest authority, it was fair to consider as intended for a beacon, to direct to the channel, thro' which neutral commerce might be prosecuted with security. It is hoped the event will not prove they were a mere ignis fatuus to ensnare the innocent and unsuspicious.
At any rate whether the doctrine were sound or not, or whether it injured Great Britain or not—it cannot become the integrity and magnanimity of a great and powerful nation, at once, and without notice, to reverse her rule of conduct towards other States, and to prey upon the unprotected property of a friendly power, the extension of whose commerce, had been invited by the formal avowal of her intentions, and prosecuted under a reliance on her good faith, and from the confidence reposed, that her courts—uniform in their principles—would nev-
er be influenced by the time serving politics of the moment.
But whatever may have been the motives of the proceedings on the part of Great Britain, the effect is notorious. From her recent conduct great losses have been sustained, our commerce has been checked and embarrassed, and large quantities of produce are now remaining locked up in this country which were purchased for foreign markets, because our merchants cannot send it abroad, without taking risks on themselves, which prudence would not justify, or without paying such rates for insurance as the trade of the country cannot afford.
Thus circumstanced, the merchants of Boston have thought it their duty respectfully to make known their complaints to the government. Believing the citizens of the U. States desirous of cultivating relations of amity with the whole human race, and particularly connected as they are with G. Britain, by habits of constant intercourse and by mutual wants, they cannot but hope that like dispositions are entertained by the British nation towards this country, & if measures were speedily taken for the amicable discussion by negotiation of our complaints, that a sense of her own interest, and a respect for the rights of others, would induce her to depart from her present measures, and to conduct towards us with justice and liberality.
Under this persuasion, and without meaning in the smallest degree to derogate from the talents or attention of the American minister at the court of London, the subscribers with deference and humility, beg leave to suggest, whether, when so important national interests are at stake, a special mission would not carry with it great influence and be very instrumental in the accomplishment of our reasonable wishes.
In all events fully relying, that the subject of our differences with G. Britain will receive the due consideration of government, and that such measures will in consequence, be promptly adopted, as will tend to disembarrass commerce—assert our rights—and support the dignity of the U. States.
Your memorialists have the honour to remain, In behalf of their constituents and themselves, Most respectfully.
JAMES LLOYD, jun. JOHN COFFIN JONES, DAVID GREENE, GEORGE CABOT, ARNOLD WELLES, THOMAS H. PERKINS, DAVID SEARS. Attest—ISAAC WINSLOW, jun. secretary.
From the New-York Evening Post, of February the 10th, 1806.
IMPORTANT NEWS!!!
A gentleman passenger in the Hannah, capt. Connell, arrived at this port from Liverpool, in 31 days, informs us that previous to his leaving England, private accounts had arrived from the continent of the most important nature.
The official dispatches of this all-interesting news had been sent to England by express; but Donaldson, the bearer, had been wrecked on the coast of Holland, and the dispatches lost. An English paper to the 18th inclusive, however, contains the substance, of which the following is a summary:
On the 2d December, the emperor Buonaparte put himself at the head of his troops between Bruun and Olmutz in Moravia, he was met by the emperor Alexander in person, at the head of the Russian army—a junction having first been formed with the Austrians.
At the beginning of the battle the French made a very serious impression on the centre of the enemy, and the Russians gave way. The French pursued their advantage with ardour, took all the Russian artillery, and effected almost a total rout.—While this was going on however in the centre, a vastly different scene was acting on one wing. On their left, the French were at length obliged entirely to give way. Night put an end to the combat. On the next morning the battle was renewed with increased ardour on both sides. The defeated Russians in the centre advanced, they crawled on their hands and knees up under the mouths of their own cannon, which had been turned against them and retook them. This however, was balanced again by a different fate on the wing; the slaughter was immense, but neither gained any decisive advantage at night.
On the 4th, the battle was renewed, and continued throughout the day. But on the evening of the 5th, the French began to retreat and retired back of the Schwatz.
The Russians depended chiefly on the bayonet, and neither gave nor received quarters.
The loss on either side is not stated, but the loss on both in killed and wounded, is supposed to amount to fifty thousand men. Buonaparte surrounded by his garde de corps, Alexander at the head of his guards, were personally opposed to each other.
The emperor Alexander evinced the most invincible bravery, combined with the most entire self-possession. For six hours he was missing.
The emperor Buonaparte was wounded in the action, and would have been taken prisoner but for the desperate efforts of his garde de corps, who saved him at the sacrifice of most of their lives.
Previous to the battle, Buonaparte in a letter addressed to the emperor Alexander, and stiled him "Sire and Brother;" the answer was addressed simply "To the chief of the French army."
In addition to the above, the archduke Charles, after a most masterly retreat from Italy, was advancing by rapid and forced marches to the relief of Vienna with an army, including the Hungarian levy, of 90,000 men. Expectation was also confidently entertained that the king of Prussia and king of Sweden, at the head of an army consisting of Prussians, Russians, Swedes, Saxons, Hessians and English, amounting in the whole to 250,000 men, were already in the field, and acting against the French.
The staff of the Swedish monarch had left Stralsund, and the camp equipage of the king of Prussia had been sent from Berlin, the 3d, on its route towards Franconia. Twelve days afterwards his Prussian majesty was to follow.
Sanguine hopes are entertained that Buonaparte has at length arrived at the termination of his career. Such is the immensely important summary made just as our paper was ready to go to press.
It is said, says the New-York Mercantile Advertiser, that Poland is in a state of insurrection, the people wishing to embrace the opportunity of the present disordered situation of affairs in Europe, to regain their independence and restore the monarchy; on which business general Kosciusko and several Polish officers have repaired to the French head-quarters.
The elector of Bavaria is about to assume the title of king, under the guarantee of France, and is to have his territory augmented at the expence of the house of Austria.
The states of Hungary, it is also said, were disposed to elect a king of their own nation, and to conclude a treaty offensive and defensive.
LONDON, December 19.
Funeral of Lord Nelson.—The preparations for the interment of the remains of the illustrious NELSON, in St. Paul's Cathedral, are now in a considerable state of forwardness. James Wyatt, Esq. the surveyor-general, has been daily in attendance in the vestry-room attached to that noble pile of building, until yesterday, when he left town to attend the
mandate of his sovereign, to receive certain instructions relative to this solemn event. The state of the preparations at present consist only of the temporary pyramid, or wooden frame, which is placed under the centre of the dome, where the body will be interred. This pyramid is twenty-two feet in height, and is said to be a full model of the one intended to be erected there of pure statuary marble. Appropriate Latin and English inscriptions, with mottoes suitable, are said to be already composed. It is since said, that Mr. Mathew Wyatt, third son of the surveyor-general, has completed a most magnificent & perfectly unique sketch for a monument for the lamented hero, which has been highly approved of by all the artists of eminence who have seen it. It has been reported, that if the pyramid is erected in the centre of the dome, it will disfigure the aisle and obstruct the view of the church, no such thing, but on the contrary, as has been proved by the testimonies of all the first architects who have been consulted on the occasion, and Mr. Wyatt in particular has declared (and no one will dispute his great and classically and correct judgment,) that it is the most appropriate place which can be pointed out, and so far from being an incumbrance, it will be, when finished, one of the most grand, striking, and essential ornaments, that majestic building has to boast of. The expence of this superb monument, it is supposed, will cost between 25,000l. and 30,000l.
At the three principal entrances into the aisle there will be erected platforms covered with matting, with hand rails on each side covered with green baize.—These avenues will lead to others, and these to the different seats, which will be erected one tier over the other upon the same principle of architecture as the London Theatres, though not upon the same construction, the present plan being a hollow square. In each seat there will be formed many divisions, and the whole will be regulated agreeably to the different classes of persons who may be admitted as spectators of the scene. The centre seats will be fitted up for the king, queen, and royal family, and such illustrious strangers who may be invited. These seats, or more properly speaking, boxes, will be lined with black or crimson velvet. The whole of the seats will be made to accommodate three thousand persons. The most peremptory orders will be given that no ticket be sold under any pretence whatsoever. They will be at the disposal of the bishop of London, the dean and chapter, and the surveyor-general.—The choir is already fitted up with platforms and seats. The whole will be covered with green cloth.
It was the Defence man of war which arrived at Chatham on Friday last, with the information of the approach of the Victory, with lord Nelson's body. The body is not now in spirits. It was placed last week in a leaden coffin. The features are said to be entire. On the arrival of the Victory at Greenwich, the body will be removed from on board into the painted chamber, (which is already fitted up for the occasion) where it will lie in state seven days. On the eighth day, it will be removed by water to Westminster stairs, and carried from thence into Whitehall Chapel, (instead of the admiralty, as has been erroneously reported) where the body will lie in state one day only. On the 10th of January the funeral will positively take place. The procession will set out from Whitehall precisely at ten o'clock in the morning, unless the lords of the treasury think proper to alter their instructions already given. The procession will move with a slow and solemn pace through the city. Two hours are allowed for it to reach St. Paul's. Before the ceremony commences, about three hours will be occupied in the preparations. The solemnity of the scene commences by torch light, about four o'clock in the afternoon. A solemn dirge, composed for the occasion, will be sung. St. Paul's bell will toll from daybreak until the body enters the church. The expence of the preparations, independent of the monument, is estimated at about 9,000l.
Gazette Marine Memoranda.
ARRIVED.
Danish brig Three Brothers, Layman, 40 days from Madeira, Wine, Moses Myers.—Left there a schooner belonging to Fredericksburg. Brig Eliza Henry, Butler, 24 days from Grenada, Rum, Warren Ashley. Left there sch'r Two Sisters, Brown, of this port, to sail in 5 days for St. Thomas. Sch'r Eliza, Block, 3 days from New-York. Sch'r Samuel, Lord, 8 days from Philadelphia.
CUSTOM-HOUSE—ENTERED.
Brig Eliza Henry, Butler, Grenada. Sch'r Union, Baun, Edenton. Eliza, Block, New-York.
CLEARED.
Brig Commerce, Price, Liverpool. Sch'r Ann Eliza, Herbert, Barbados. Eliza, Block, Richmond. Sloop Anselmo, Phillips, Edenton.
Passengers to France.
The fast sailing SHIP
HIGHLAND MARY,
Capt. Strong, will sail in 10 days to a Port in the Bay of Biscay, has good accommodations for passengers.—Apply to Mr. Peter Gordon, or to
George Murray, & Co.
Feb. 21. 3t. 517
CASH FOR
Rough Hogshead STAVES,
by Moses Myers. Feb. 21. 516
NOTICE.
All those who have any claims against the estate of WILLIAM GRUBB, deceased, are requested to bring them in for settlement—and those indebted to the said Estate to make immediate payment.
Elizabeth Grubb. Feb. 21. 518
For Sale or Rent,
A PLANTATION, situated on Hampton Creek, consisting of about 300 acres; being the property on which Mr. W. Brongh has long resided. It possesses all the necessary buildings for the convenience of a family, or agricultural purposes. There are some valuable orchards, one particularly of apples, is considered more productive than any other in that part of the country. There is also a Wind-Mill most eligibly situated.—For particulars, application may be made to Mr. G. Hope, Hampton, Mr. John Dunn, Norfolk, or the Subscriber in Richmond, who will give immediate possession.
James D. M'Caw. Feb. 21. 519
SALE BY AUCTION.
Will be Sold on Saturday, the 22d instant, at 12 o'Clock, without reserve on the premises.
One third of the WHARF and improvements, known by the name of Gibson's wharf.—Terms of Sale 2, 4, and 6 months.
Robert Gibson. Feb. 19. 515
SWEDISH IRON.
A few tons just received by schooner Mohawk, from Copenhagen, for Sale by
Moses Myers. Jan. 22. 454

ST. UBES SALT. For Sale on board the Swedish Ship Rodigheten, Captain Pagersberg.  A quantity of excellent St. Ubes Salt. Apply to  Donaldson, Thorburn, & Co. Feb. 3. 2w 468  Jamaica and } RUM,  Grenada }  Prime and } PORK,  Mess }  Petersburg & } TOBACCO, For Sale by  Rapahannock }  C. & F. Whittle. Feb. 3. 6t 478
ST. UBES SALT. The CARGO of the Swedish Ship Princess Wilhelmina, consisting of about  14,000 bushels St. Ubes SALT, of an excellent quality—For sale on liberal terms if taken afloat. Apply to  Donaldson, Thorburn, & Co. Jan. 22. 6t 455
THIRTY DOLLARS REWARD. RANAWAY on the 30th of last month, from the Subscriber, living in Alexandria,  JOHN JOHNS, An apprentice to the Boot and Shoe-Making business; he is about 17 years of age, 5 feet 7 or 8 inches high, slender made, dark complexion, down look—had on when he went away a long black coat, coarse dark trousers, Bennet's cord waistcoat (reddish figure). He will probably call himself JOHN STONE, which name he assumed in consequence of having been raised by a person of that name. Whoever apprehends said apprentice, and secures him in any gaol and give information, so that we get him again, shall receive 25 dollars, or the above reward if brought home. Moses & Jacob Janney.
N. B. It is thought the above apprentice has been taken away by a journeyman who calls himself Joseph Ward, and who went to Norfolk about the time said boy absented himself. Feb. 4. 3t 506
A DARING ROBBERY!!!  One Hundred Dollars Reward.
LAST EVENING, between the hours of 7 and 9 o'clock, and while the family were at Meeting, the house of the Subscriber was broken open, and his desk by means of a false key opened, out of which was taken a small black Morocco Pocket Book, containing 380 Dollars in Bank Notes, among which is a Post Note of the Bank of the United States for 100 dollars, remarkable for being endorsed where it is joined, and in the middle N. RAY, written in a very elegant hand; the number or date not remembered. There were likewise in the pocket book, a note of hand of captain William Miller's, for 210 dollars, and 19 cents, payable 30 days after date, teste, James Davis; also an order drawn by Geo. Butler on Robert Gibson for 20 dollars; three Tickets in the William and Mary College Lottery, Nos. 6283, 6286, 2355, endorsed on the back, Davis, Walker, and Yancey, together with various other papers of no use to any person but the subscriber. Likewise stolen from out of the desk, two Doubleloons and an English Guinea; on one of the Doubleloons are the letters M. K. in cypher; also between 80 and 90 Dollars in Silver. The above reward will be paid to any person who can give such information that I may recover the whole of the notes and money, or in proportion to so much as may be recovered—And I will give Fifty Dollars to any person who will discover the Robber, so that he may be prosecuted to conviction. E. M. Walker. Portsmouth, Feb. 5. tf 491
FOR RENT; (And possession to be had immediately)  A comfortable small TENEMENT, on Smith's Point, nearly fitted up; having two rooms below with two closets in each, and three rooms above, a new double storied Brick Kitchen; and other requisite out buildings. A spacious Garden and large front Yard are attached to this Tenement. Jan. 29. tf 456
P. Barraud. Jan. 29. tf 456
BANK NOTES LOST. A letter dated Williamsburg, 27th November, 1805, directed to Messrs. Tho's & Wm. M'Candlish, merchants, Norfolk, containing Bank Notes to the amount of Two Hundred Dollars, as below described, and supposed to have been deposited in the Post-Office, has either been lost, mislaid, or taken a wrong direction.—It is hoped that any person who may have become possessed of the same, accidentally or otherwise, will forward it on to the subscriber, as payment of the Notes have been stopped at the respective Banks. D. No. 1124, United States Branch, Norfolk, Dec. 6, 1804, ————— 100 Dollars. B. No. 97, Virginia Branch, Fredericksburg, February 6, 1805, ————— 100 Dollars. Wm. M'Candlish, & Co. Williamsburg, Dec. 9. tf 341
REMOVAL.  JAMES TUCKER, Has removed to No. 1, Holt's Lane, near Main-Street, WHERE HE OFFERS FOR SALE, ON REASONABLE TERMS,  HIS STOCK IN TRADE, CONSISTING OF A GENERAL ASSORTMENT OF  HARDWARE, NAILS, &c. May 8. tf 659
NOTICE. I request all persons having claims against the Estate of JOHN WADDY, Sen. deceased, of Northampton County, Eastern Shore, Virginia, to bring them forward properly attested on or before the first day of June next, as I shall plead this notice in bar against all claims that may appear after that date. I. R. Waddey, Executor to the Will annexed. Northampton Court-Yard, Feb. 1. 3m 490
EAGLE TAVERN. The Subscriber has taken that eligible stand in Market-square, and has to inform his friends and the public in general, that he will spare no pains to make them as comfortable as possible while with him—he would be glad to take in Eight or Ten Gentlemen BOARDERS by the Year. Thomas Glenn. January 13. 3m 433
LADIES FASHIONABLE SHOES. Several Trunks of Ladies plain and fashionable LACED SHOES, and Gentlemen's fashionable London made do. just received by the ship Planter, Captain Boush, and for sale by Gilliat & Mackinder. September 9. tf 136
FOR SALE, A HOUSE and LOT, in the fields, adjoining Mr. Edward Guy's.—If not disposed of at private sale before the fourth day of March, it will on that day be Sold at Publick Auction on the premises. Terms made known by application to Feb. 5. tf 469
At a Court held for Norfolk County, the 20th day of January, 1806. Thomas Davis and Thomas Dickson, merchants and partners, under the firm of Davis and Dickson, } Gilbert Robertson and James Brown, merchants and partners, under the firm of Robertson & Brown, and Robert Gibson, } Defendants. THE Defendants Robertson and Brown, not having entered their appearance, and given security for performing the Decree to be made in this cause, and it appearing to the satisfaction of the Court that they are out of the country: On the motion of the Plaintiffs by their Counsel, it is ordered, that they the said Defendants, appear here on the third Monday in April next, and give security for performing the Decree aforesaid. And it is further ordered that the Defendant Gibson, who hath effects of the other Defendants in his hands, or is otherwise indebted to them, do not pay, convey away, or secret such debts or effects, until the further order of this Court concerning the same. A Copy, Teste, William Wilson, jun. C. C. 3d Mon. Ap. 472
FOR SALE,  250 bbls. Superfine FLOUR, Afloat. Apply to January 6. tf 414
FOR SALE The Cargo of the Brig Paragon, Captain Ainsley—Consisting of 157 Puncheons high proof JAMAICA RUM. 7 Hogsheads MOLASSES. Redmon & Frith. November 13. tf 271
BRITISH CONSUL'S OFFICE Norfolk, Virg. Jan. 18, 1806. HIS Britannick Majesty's Consul to the State of Virginia, in consequence of instructions by him received from his government, takes this method of communicating to such officers on the British half-pay establishment, as are resident within his district, the following Notice from the Army Pay-Office, in London, in respect to the form of the Certificate required from British half-pay Officers, by whom it is highly essential that the regulations therein specified should be strictly complied with John Hamilton, Consul.
NOTICE is hereby given by direction of the right honourable the Pay-Master General of his majesty's forces, that the affidavits of Officers on half-pay and military allowances, who reside in the United States of America, commencing subsequently to the twenty-fourth day of December 1805, will not be passed at this office, unless the officer's place of residence, and also the county, district, or place for which the magistrate acts, before whom the said affidavit is made, (the competency of whom must be certified by the British Consul, if any shall be resident in the province or state, or by the governor, chief justice, or some other person in authority in the government thereof,) are therein specified, agreeable to the undermentioned form. D'd. Thomas, Accountant.
A. B. maketh oath, that he had not between the twenty-fourth day of _____ and the twenty-fifth day of _____ any other place, or employment of profit, civil or military, under his majesty besides his allowance of half-pay (or his military allowance, as the case may be) as a reduced _____ { The Officer to sign his name here, together with his place of residence. Sworn before me at _____ this _____ day of _____ in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and _____ The Magistrate to sign his name here, and the county or place for which he acts. N. B. Chaplains must insert in their affidavits the following words between the words "Majesty," and "besides," viz "or any Ecclesiastical Benefice in Great Britain or Ireland." No alterations or interlineations of any sort will be allowed to be made in the above mentioned affidavit. January 20. tf 446
THIS DAY LANDING, From on board the Schooner Eagle, Captain Goss, from Bourdeaux, 160 Casks CLARET. 981 Cases assorted do. 66 do. do. White do. 80 Baskets SWEET OIL. 2 Trunks and 3 Cases Ladies' and Men's SHOES. 8 Cases Mens' and Children's Silk and Beaver HATS, assorted. DEMIJOHNS, ALMONDS, NUTS, &c. &c. For sale on liberal terms, by John & James Galwey, Commerce-Street Wharf.  WHO HAVE ON HAND, 75 Boxes White & Brown Havana SUGAR. September 6. tf 128
NORFOLK HOTEL. THE Subscriber informs his friends and the publick, that he has opened an HOTEL in that convenient house formerly the NAVY TAVERN No. 128 Main-Street, where he hopes by his attention, to give satisfaction to those who may favour him with their company. He will always keep the best liquors: and Private Parties will be furnished with Dinners, Suppers, or Relishes, at the shortest notice. BOARDERS accommodated by the week, month, or year October 9. tf 170
Wanted to Purchase or Hire, A smart active Negro MAN, From 20 to 25 years of age. Apply at the Office of the Publick Ledger. Jan. 10. tf 479
WANTED TO PURCHASE, A NEGRO WOMAN, who is a good House-Servant and Sempstress; one without children will be preferred. For one well recommended, a liberal price will be given. Apply to the Editor. Feb. 3. tf 479
LOTTERY TICKETS LOST. The following Tickets in the William and Mary College Lottery, viz. Nos. 1721, 2790, 7202, and 7778, have been lost. The finder will be liberally rewarded by leaving them at the Ledger Office. Feb. 7. tf 498  This Day Landing, and for Sale, about  50,000 wt. Prime Green COFFEE, Imported in the sch't Wasp, capt. Kemp, from Aux-Cayes, Wilson, Cunningham, & Co. Jan. 29. tf 468  All persons having claims against the Estate of ROBERT WARREN, deceased, either by bond or open account are desired to bring them forward for settlement, and those indebted to make immediate payment to Warren Ashley, Administrator. December 9. tf 339  FOR RENT, A STORE-HOUSE near the Market-House in Portsmouth, an excellent stand for a Grocery or Shoe-Store, both of which are very much wanted in that place.—Enquire of the Printer. Feb. 10. tf 502
FRANCIS SMITH, Has opened his Vendue and Commission Office at the Store lately occupied by Messrs. Bowman and Walker, No. 48, Main-Street. Jan. 20. tf 451  If George William Clarke who left England for this Country in July, 1802, is living, he will hear of something to his advantage on application at this office. Norfolk, Jan. 15. tf 435
JUST LANDED,  25 Hogsheads Choice MOLASSES. For Sale by Jan. 10. tf 426
HUNTER & GATEWOOD, Have received per Ship Jane, Captain Colley, from Liverpool, the balance of their supply of  FALL AND WINTER GOODS, Which in addition to their former importation from London, makes their assortment general and complete—it consists of almost every article of useful and fashionable goods too tedious to enumerate, which they offer for sale, at their Store No. 129, Main Street, by Wholesale and Retail, on the lowest terms for cash, or short payments. November 8. tf 262
FOR SALE, The CARGO of the Schooner Elizabeth Margaret, now landing on Marsden's Wharf, 342 boxes White & Brown Havana Sugars, 28 Hogsheads MOLASSES, 5 do. HONEY.—For terms apply to January 6. tf 412
FOR SALE, Liverpool Salt, Kendal Cottons, &c. The CARGO of the Ship Industry, North Wright, master, from Liverpool—Consisting of  12,000 Bushels SALT, 8 Bales Kendal COTTONS, 10 Cases COPPER, 18 and 20 oz. 18 Sugar BOILERS, of 150 gallons each, 3 Hogsheads SKIMMERS and LADLES, 4 Casks Copper NAILS.—Apply to William Pennock. December 20. tf 367
MRS. MACDOUGAL, INFORMS her friends and the publick, that she has taken that handsome house belonging to Mr. Roberts, in the centre of Market Square, where she will receive Boarders on moderate terms—the strictest attention will always be paid to the diet rooms, and lodging, and every endeavour used to render a transient or permanent abode at her house satisfactory. September 25. tf 169
FOR RENT, And immediate possession given,  The WAREHOUSE lately occupied by Mr. Edward Roberts.—Also, The WAREHOUSE lately occupied by Mr. Edward Johnston.—For terms, apply to Robert Gibson. January 20. tf 450
JUST RECEIVED, By the ship Roba & Betsy, Capt. Richardson from London, and for sale by the Subscriber, A LARGE SUPPLY OF  DRUGS AND MEDICINES, of all kinds. Patent Medicines, Perfumery, &c. &c. Also received by the ship Almina, Capt. Stover A LARGE ASSORTMENT OF  SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS, Consisting of Amputating, Trepanning, Cupping, Midwifery, Tooth of different sorts, Crown and Common Lancets, and Surgical Pocket Instruments &c. &c. HARDHAM'S SNUFF, No. 9. Also, by the ship Olive Branch, Capt. Le Breton from Bristol, A LARGE & EXTENSIVE ASSORTMENT OF  GLASS & FURNITURE, For Apothecary's and Practitioner's Shops. Those who favour us with their orders will be supplied on the most reasonable terms, and the articles of the best and freshest quality, as our importations are regularly twice a year, and laid in with cash, from the most respectable Druggists in London. MEDICINE CHESTS made up as usual. Also, a few elegant Mahogany Chests of the newest construction, with furniture complete, PERRY'S ANTI-BILLIOUS PILLS. Frederick Heermann & Son. July 17. 2w 12m. 1
GERMAN GOODS.  JOHN C. NIEMEYER, Has lately received and offer for Sale, the following Goods, for Cash, or on convenient credit, for approved Notes, viz. 7000 Bags of 2 and 3 bushels, in bales of 600 each. 1000 East India Gunny Bags. 190 Pieces Ticklenburgs and Oznaburgs. 400 Brown Rolls. 400 White Rolls, different qualities. 100 White Plaitillas. 75 Brown Hollands. 100 Bretannias. 20 Dowlass. 62 Fine White Flanders Sheeting. 25 Shirt Linen of 20 to 100 dollars per piece of 37 yards. 40 Fine Bed Bunts and Bed Ticking. 390 Velvet Ribbands, No. 2 to 150. 30 Russia Sheeting, and Diaper. 320 Dozen Snuff Boxes. 100 Boxes Baltimore Window Glass, in whole and half boxes, viz. 8 by 10, 9 by 11, 9 by 12, 10 by 12, and 12 by 14, at the manufactory prices, with the addition of the usual charges. A few Barrels Philadelphia bottled Porter 105 Boxes Short Pipes. 120 Spanish Segars, of different quality. 150 lbs. Shoe Thread. 130 Twine. 15 Boxes Glass Ware, of different kinds, cut and plain. 37 Barrels Turpentine. ALSO, 20 Dozen of Shoe Brushes. Violins, Flutes and Fifes. ditto Strings and Bows. Looking Glasses of all kinds. Nuns' Thread and Fine Lace. Thread Stockings, Plush for Saddles. Coffee Mills.—Beads, and Bird Cages. Razors, Spectacles, and Penknives, 1st quality. Backgammon Tables, Dice, Cards, Chessmen. Fowling Pieces, Pistols, and Agut Flints. Crooked Horn and Ivory straight Combs. An Invoice of Japanned Ware. do. do. of Mill Saws, Augers, &c. 40,000 Marbles. And a great variety of other Articles. Apply as above. September 25. 164
CHEMISTRY MADE PLAIN.  PROPOSALS, FOR PUBLISHING BY SUBSCRIPTION,  A NEW WORK, ENTITLED,  Plain Discourses on the Chemical Laws of Matter, Containing a General View of the Principles and Improvements of the Science of Chemistry. With a particular Detail of those Parts, which are common and connected with Domestic Affairs; ADDRESSED TO THE CITIZENS OF AMERICA. BY THOMAS EWELL, M.D. &c. OF VIRGINIA.
TO THE PROMOTERS OF USEFUL KNOWLEDGE, I HAVE ventured to present for your patronage, a new work.—It is a system of chemistry divested of such technical terms as retard the study, by those persons not desirous of entering into the useless refinements of the science; and it will convey particular descriptions of those processes that are for domestic purposes. The object of the work is to render the study of chemistry less difficult, more general and agreeable, as well as to lead to Improvements in various Arts. Long has the greater part of mankind laboured under difficulties which might have been avoided by an acquaintance with the discoveries of philosophers. During the study of most sciences, we notice improvements unknown to the majority of the people; and in no one have these become more conspicuous than in the science of chemistry. Since the wild conjectures of deluded men were banished from its annals, the study has become one of the most useful and interesting to all of common understanding. The science is now characterised by a simplicity, hostile only to the pride of the pedantic scholar. Its extensive scenes are open, and with powerful attraction invite the entrance of the intelligent in the pursuit of pleasure, of information, or of most of the arts. An entrance is desired, that the wonderful beauty and wisdom displayed in the operations of nature may be contemplated with rapture, in parts neglected by the vulgar as a "dreary void." To those in the pursuit of pleasure, the study of chemistry affords the greatest delight. The conversion of solids into volumes of vivifying airs, and of airs and other fluids into solids, are processes which although inferior to many in chemistry, give unusual satisfaction. To know the composition of the substances surrounding us, with their connection and relation to each other, and to understand many of the arts of chemists, will impart to the mind an agreeable action, while it increases its capacity to make improvements. And such are the fascinating powers attached to the pursuit of this knowledge, that France is fast becoming a nation of chemists, in consequence of the general study of the science by the ladies as well as gentlemen.
The respectable Cultivators of land will be much benefitted by an acquaintance with chemistry. It will teach them the properties of the soil they cultivate, the art of making manures, and the kinds of vegetables as well as Manures best adapted for their respective farms. An idea of this may be formed from the famous fact, that by a judicious management of the grave yards at Paris, such quantities of salt-peter were procured for the powder manufactures as to enable the French government to prosecute their war! To be able to detect the presence, and discriminate between the noxious and innocent metals, as well as to make most useful combinations of them; to ascertain the constituents of medicinal springs; to detect the adulterations of Wines and other drinks; and to correct corrupted airs, must be of consequence to most individuals. The burning of bodies—The Arts of making Gunpowder and Salt-petre—common Salt—and all other Salts—Of Tanning Leather—Of purifying and preserving animal and vegetable Matter—Of Dying and Painting—Of making Glass and Earthen Ware—Of Brewing—Distilling, &c. &c. depend on Chemistry. No doubt most of them would be improved by a further cultivation of the science, which, from its simplicity, could be done in but a small part of the time often mispent by the artists. This will appear less doubtful, by the following extracts from a letter I received from the President, Mr. Jefferson—and from one received from Judge Washington of Mount-Vernon.
"MONTICELLO, August 1805. "Of the importance of turning a knowledge of chemistry to household purposes, I have been long satisfied. The common herd of philosophers seem to write only for one another. The chemists have filled volumes on the composition of a thousand substances of no sort of importance to the purposes of life; while the arts of making bread, butter, cheese, vinegar, soap, beer, cyder, &c. remain totally unexplained. Chapitall has lately given the chemistry of wine making; the late Dr. Pennington did the same as to bread, and promised to pursue the line of rendering his knowledge useful to common life; but death deprived us of his labours. Good treatises on these subjects should receive general approbation. "Accept of my salutations, "and assurances of respect. "TH: JEFFERSON."
"MOUNT-VERNON, 19th September 1805. "I have long thought that a work upon the plan you suggest, was much wanted by those who form the great bulk of readers on chemical subjects. I have not met with a single treatise which has not appeared unnecessarily obscured by technical terms, which only scholars can understand. They have been more generally addressed to the comprehension of professional men, than to those of the humbler walks of life; for whose use this science might be made most essentially to contribute, by adapting it to their capacities, and by pointing out the way by which its principles may be applied to the more common arts, in which they are daily employed. You will think, do great good to society and ... by executing such a work as you propose. My best wishes will accompany you in your labours, and I shall be happy to aid them as far as I can. "BUSH. WASHINGTON."
But, fellow citizens, for you to know the Beauty, the Connection, the Importance of the Science which I wish to communicate to you, it is necessary that you know the Science itself. To relate in the most intelligible terms the discoveries of chemical philosophers will not be the extent of my labours. I shall offer a new view of the art of ascertaining the fertility of lands, and of the formation of vegetable juices, which has been approved of by some distinguished characters. I shall also relate some original experiments, a part of which establish a hitherto disputed doctrine concerning heat, and throw light on the art of enriching impoverished land. You will now determine by your subscription, whether the desire of one to disseminate knowledge highly useful and interesting to most of mankind shall be gratified—whether the proposed publication shall appear. T. EWELL.
TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION. As soon as a sufficient number of subscribers are obtained, the work shall be put to the press. It will be comprised in about 300 pages, Octavo, and be printed on good paper with suitable type. A general Index will be annexed to the work—with proper drawings of the apparatus commonly used by chemists. The work shall be delivered in boards to Subscribers at Three Dollars, per copy. ** Subscriptions for the above work, received by the Editor of this Paper. 242
BRITISH CONSUL'S OFFICE, Norfolk, Virginia, August 31, 1805. HIS Britannick Majesty's Consul to the State of Virginia, in consequence of instructions by him received from his government, hereby gives notice, to the merchants concerned in the trade to His Majesty's Dominions, that according to the terms of the Act of the 37th of the King C. 97, no British built vessel captured by His Majesty's enemies, afterwards purchased by citizens of the United States, and sailing under a Sea Letter can be admitted to entry under the said Act, as an American vessel. 114 John Hamilton.  NORFOLK: PUBLISHED THREE TIMES A-WEEK, BY WILLIAM DAVIS, FOR THE PROPRIETOR, OPPOSITE THE EXCHANGE COFFEE HOUSE. Price Five Dollars and Fifty Cents yearly, in advance.