Norfolk gazette and publick ledger (Norfolk [Va.]), 1808-11-18 00:00:00

NORFOLK GAZETTE AND PUBLICK LEDGER  PRINTED BY JAMES WATSON, PRINTER, NORFOLK.
[VOL. V.]
FRIDAY EVENING, NOVEMBER 18, 1808.
NO. 54.]
For CHARLESTON, The Regular PACKET PLOUGHBOY, Capt. F. Hall, in monthly expected from Baltimore. For freight or passage apply to D. R. Waddey, & Co.
Nov 16. For NEW-YORK, The Schooner CARLTON, James Johnson, Master, will take 200 barrels on freight. Apply on board, at Newton's wharf.
Nov 9. BRIG MOSES MYERS. NOTICE.—All those who had an interest in the American Brig MOSES MYERS, Barclay, Master, or her cargo, captured by the French in the year 1800, on a voyage from Madeira to Norfolk, and re-captured by the British privateer Rover, and carried into Halifax, Nova Scotia, by applying to the subscriber, will receive their proportion of the funds collected from the captors, by the agents of the claimants, according to a decree of the high court of appeals in Great Britain.
Robert Maitland. Nov 4. FOR CHARTER, The new Ship GEORGIANA, Edward Chamberlain, Master—Burthen 360 bds. is ready for a cargo. Apply to MOSES MYERS.
Oct 28. The Ship SHEFFIELD, NOW LOADING FOR LIVERPOOL, will sail as soon as permission can be obtained. She has elegant accommodations for a few passengers, if applied for in time; otherwise small freight will be taken. Apply to Josiah Coxper.
Oct 26. For Charter, to the West-Indies, The fast sailing brig STRANGER, John Perkins, master, burthen about 1300 barrels, is ready to receive a cargo. Moses Myers.
October 19. For LIVERPOOL, The fast-sailing coppered Ship CALEDONIAN, John Dickson, master, burthen about 500 bds. of tobacco—will receive on freight a cargo immediately, and sail on the embargo being off.
Also for Freight or Sale. The fast sailing coppered Ship ARTIC, Samuel Davis, master, Philadelphia built, burthen 200 tons, seven years old, now ready to receive a cargo. Also for Freight or Sale. The Brig EXPERIMENT, Henry Dickson, master, burthen 140 tons, and will carry 1100 barrels flour. For terms apply to William Dickson.
October 7. For Charter, The Ship JANE, Burthen 420 tons. THE Ship INDUSTRY, Burthen 280 tons. AND THE Ship COURTNEY, Burthen 200 tons. Those Ships will be ready to receive cargo in 15 days, and may commence loading for any port where an American vessel can with safety go to—the freight to be settled when a clearance can be obtained. Apply to William Pennock.
October 5. FOR SALE, A fine New SCHOONER of 125 tons burthen, will carry about 1000 barrels, now ready to launch, her cabin and joiner's work complete, built in Mathews. Also, A very handsome Pilot-Boat built SCHOONER, of 120 tons burthen, measures 93 feet on deck, complete, and can be launched in a few days.
Also, One ditto of similar dimensions, can be launched in a month, the rigging of the two last is now fitting. Also, A new BRIG of 190 tons, completely fitted, now lying at Loyal's wharf. Also, A VESSEL of 185 tons, on the stocks, can be launched in a month. This vessel is of superior model and workmanship, and all her material is completely seasoned. For terms apply to Wilson & Cunningham.
September 28. For SALE, or will be Bartered, in part for Tobacco, Flour, or Naval Stores, 150,000 wt. Muscovado SUGAR, 200 bds. MOLASSES, 500 sacks Liverpool SALT, 8000 bushels COD SALT, superior quality, 25 crates QUEENS WARE. James Young.
October 21. Ten Dollars Reward For Negro ALECK, purchased of Mr. Hubbard of this place, of a very dark complexion, has lost his upper fore teeth; had on when he went away a coarse check shirt and east-ameri pants, long coat and white hat; he was seen near Tappahannock's Ferry, York, where I suspect he is still lurking, or at Williamsburg where he has a relative. George Veale.
Landing this day, on Newton's wharf, from the sloop William, 212 hogsheads, 40 tierces, 15 barrels } MOLASSES, A few bds. and bds. SUGAR, 9 bds. and 5 bags Green COFFEE. FOR SALE BY Christopher Fry. Nov. 16.
COW POCK. DOCTOR BALFOUR informs those persons who have not had the Small Pox, and who are anxious to avoid being susceptible of it (as it is said to exist in the county of Princess Anne about North's Island, and there has been a case in Richmond,) that he now has several arms with a genuine vaccine pock, fit to inoculate from. He will take a young man as a Student of physics. Nov. 16.
NOTICE. All persons indebted to the estate of David Patterson, deceased, are desired to make immediate payment; and those having claims to render them properly attested, to D. R. WADDEY, Adm'r. Nov. 16.
British Consul's Office, Norfolk, Virginia, 14th Nov. 1808. His Britannic Majesty's Consul having received official intelligence from Rear-Admiral the Honourable Sir Alexander Cochrane, K. B. Commander in Chief of His Majesty's ships and vessels employed, and to be employed at Barbary, the Leeward Islands, &c. &c. that the French Leeward Caribbean Islands are declared in a state of strict naval blockade, pursuant to orders signed to him; and the said Commander in Chief having desired that His Proclamation to that effect may be made as publick as possible, the Consul accordingly annexes a copy of the same for the information of all persons concerned within his district. Nov. 14.
BY The Honourable Sir ALEXANDER COCHRANE, K. B. Rear Admiral of the Red, and Commander in Chief of His Majesty's Ships and Vessels employed and to be employed at Barbary, the Leeward Islands, &c. &c.
WHEREAS an intimation has been received from the Right Honourable Lord Viscount Castlereagh, one of His Majesty's Principal Secretaries of State, that the present naval blockade is to be established over the Leeward French Caribbean Islands. The several Captains, Commanders, and commanding Officers under my orders, are hereby authorised and directed, to stop all neutral vessels destined for any of the ports of the said Islands; and if they shall appear to be ignorant of the existence of the blockade, and to be no enemy's property on board, the masters of such neutral vessels shall be apprized thereof, and warned not to proceed to such ports, and a notice written to that effect upon one or more of the principal ships. But if a neutral vessel shall appear to have been so warned or to have sailed from her last clearing port after it may be reasonably supposed that it is notification might have been made public there, are yet found attempting, or refusing to enter either of the ports of the said Islands, such vessel shall be seized at sea or in port for legal adjudication. And with respect to neutral vessels coming out of the said ports having any colonial produce, goods or merchandise on board, appearing to have been laden after knowledge of the blockade—Such vessel shall in like manner be seized and sent in for legal adjudication. Given on board the Belleisle, Carlisle Bay, Barbados, 14th October, 1808. ALEXANDER COCHRANE. By command of the Rear-Admiral, JOHN S. TRACEY.
FOR RENT, And immediate possession given, that commodious Fire Proof Dwelling House, situated at the corner of Commerce and Water Streets, now in the occupancy of the subscriber as a tavern and boarding house, and formerly occupied by Mrs. Bryan in the same. The house is in good order and clear of all encumbrances and will be rented on very moderate terms. The person who takes the house can have a part of the furniture at a low price with a liberal credit. License will be rented with the upper part of the house if wished for, or the Beer and Porter House, which is fitted up in a neat and handsome manner. For terms apply to the subscriber upon the premises. Wm. Tonkin. Also, will be rented a Lot on Town Point, well enclosed, with a dwelling house in good order, calculated for two families, with Kitchens and other out-houses—Also a large shed, which may be converted into a carpenter's or cooper's work shop. The terms will be made very reasonable. Apply as above. Nov 14.
NORFOLK DRAW BRIDGE. At the instance of some of the principal Stockholders of this Company, a General Meeting of the whole is requested at the Exchange Coffee-House in Norfolk on Monday the 5th of December next, at 10 o'clock in the forenoon, to take into consideration a subject of high interest to the concern. L. Wheeler, Pres't. Wm. Pennock, James Taylor, jr. Nov 14.
At a Court held for Norfolk County the 16th day of May, 1808. Martha Allmand, Pff. } AGAINST Maximilian Herbert, ex'r. of Edward Allmand. Dft. } IN CHANCERY. On the motion of the Plaintiff by her Counsel, the order made at July, 1806, referring the accounts between the parties to Master Commissioner Wootton, is set aside—Whereupon the Court doth refer the accounts between them to Master Commissioner Cooper, to be by him examined, stated and settled, and to the Court reported, with any matters specially stated, thought pertinent by himself, or required by the parties. A. C. P. (Teste) Wm. Wilson, Jun. C. C. The parties in this cause are desired to take notice, that I shall proceed to carry the above order into execution on Saturday next, the 14th inst. at 10 o'clock in the forenoon. John Cowper, M. C. Master Commissioner's Office, Nov. 15, 1808.
OFFICIAL DOCUMENTS  Accompanying the President's Message. [CONTINUED FROM OUR LAST.]
From the Secretary of State to Mr. Eskinne. Department of State, March 25, 1808. Sir—Having laid before the President your letter of the 23d of February, explaining the character of certain British orders of council issued in November last, I proceed to communicate the observations and representations which will manifest to your government the sentiments of the President on so deep a violation of the commerce and rights of the United States.
These orders interdict to neutral nations or rather to the United States now the only commercial nation in a state of neutrality, all commerce with the enemies of Great Britain, now nearly the whole commercial world, with certain exceptions only, and under certain regulations, but too evidently fashioned to the commercial, the manufacturing and the fiscal policy of Great Britain; and on that account, the more derogatory from the honor and independence of neutral nations. The orders are the more calculated to excite surprise in the United States as they have disregarded the remonstrances conveyed in my letters of the 20th and 29th March, 1807, against another order of council issued on a similar plea in the month of January, 1807. To those just remonstrance, no answer was indeed ever given; whilst the order has been continued in its pernicious operation against the lawful commerce of the United States, and we now find added to it others, instituting still more ruinous depredations, without even the addition of any new pretext; and when moreover it is notorious, that the order of January was of a nature greatly to overbalance in its effects any injuries to Great Britain that could be apprehended from the illegal operation of the French decree on which the order was to retaliate, had that decree in its illegal operation been actually applied to the United States, and been acquiesced in by them.
The last orders, like that of January, proceed on the most unsubstantial foundation. They assume for fact an acquiescence of the United States in an unlawful application to them of the French decree; and they assume for a principle that the right of retaliation accruing to one belligerent against a neutral through whom an injury is done by another belligerent, is not to have for its measure that of the injury received, but may be exercised in any extent, and under any modifications which may suit the pleasure or the policy of the complaining party.
The fact, sir, is unequivocally disowned. It is not true that the United States have acquiesced in an illegal operation of the French decree: nor is it even true that at the date of the British orders of Nov. 11, a single application of that decree to the commerce of the United States on the high seas can be presumed to have been known to the British government.
The French decree in question has two distinct aspects, one clearly importing an intended operation within the territorial limits as a local law; the other apparently importing an intended operation on the high seas. Under the first aspect, the decree, however otherwise objectionable cannot be said to have violated the neutrality of the United States. If the governing powers on the continent of Europe choose to exclude from their ports British property or British productions, or neutral vessels proceeding from British ports, it is an act of sovereignty which the United States have no right to controvert. The same sovereignty is exercised by Great Britain at all times, in peace as well as in war, towards her friends as well as her enemies. Her statute book presents a thousand illustrations.
It is only, therefore, under the other aspect of the decree, that it can have violated neutral rights; and this would have resulted from its execution on the high seas, whether on the pretext of a nominal blockade, or with a view to enforce a domestic regulation against foreign vessels, not within the domestic precincts, but under the authority and protection of the law of nations.
Had then the French decree been executed on the high seas against the commerce of the United States with Great Britain, and have the United States acquiesced in the unlawful and injurious proceeding? I state, sir, an undeniable authority that the first instance in which that decree was put in force against the neutral rights of the United States, was that of the Horizon, an American ship bound from Great Britain to Lima, wrecked within the territorial jurisdiction of France, but condemned under an exposition of the decree extending to the high seas its operation against neutrals. This judicial decision took place as late as the 10th day of October 1807, and was not officially known to the minister plenipotentiary of the United States at Paris, till some time in November. At the date therefore of the first order of Great Britain, no injury whatever had been done to her, through an aggression on the commerce of the United States. No presumption even had been sufficiently authorized that the express stipulation in the treaty of France with the United States would not exempt their commerce at least from the operation of any edict incompatible with them. At the date even of the latter orders of November 11, it appears that the only aggression which had then occurred, was pretty certainly unknown to the British government, and could therefore have had no share in producing this alleged retaliation.
To this fact that the ship Horizon was the first that occurred of an execution of the French decree on the high seas, I am able to add that as late as the 30th of November, no other case had been brought into the French court of prizes. From accounts
which have lately appeared, it is more than probable that unlawful captures by French cruizers have since taken place, but it remains to be known whether they are to be referred to the concurrence of the French government in the judgment pronounced in the case of the Horizon, or not rather to a French decree of the 17th December last professing to be a retaliation on the British orders of November 11.
I state with equal confidence, that at no time have the United States acquiesced in violations of their neutral rights injurious to Great Britain, or any other belligerent nation. So far were they, in particular, from acquiescing in the French decree of Nov. 1806, that the moment it was known to their minister at Paris, he called for explanations of its meaning in relation to the United States, which were favourable, and uncontradicted by the actual operation of the decree; that he steadily watched over the proceedings under it, with a readiness to interpose against an unlawful extension of them to the commerce of the United States, that no time was lost, after the decree came to the knowledge of the government here, in giving him proper instructions on the subject; that he was equally prompt, on receiving the decision of the court in the case of the Horizon, in presenting to the French government a remonstrance in terms which can never be censored for a defect of energy; and that by the first opportunity after that decision reached the President the particular instructions required by it were forwarded to that minister. Nor is it to be forgotten that previous to the British orders of November, it had been explicitly communicated to the British government by the American minister at London, that explanations uncontradicted by any overt act had been given to our minister at Paris, which justifies a reliance that the French decree would not be put in force against the United States, and that the communication was repeated to the British government immediately on the publication of those orders.
What more could have been required on the part of the U. S. to obviate retaliating pretensions of any sort on the part of G. Britain? Retaliations are measures of rigour in all cases. Where they are to operate through a third and involuntary party, they will never be hastily resorted to by a magnanimous, or a just power; which will always allow to the third party its right to discuss the merits of the case, and will never permit itself to enforce its measures, without affording a reasonable time for the use of reasonable means for substituting another remedy. What would be the situation of neutral powers, if the first blow levelled through them by one belligerent against another, was to leave them no choice but between the retaliating vengeance of the latter, and instant declaration of war against the former? Reason revolts against this as the sole alternative. The United States could no more be bound to evade the British orders by an immediate war with France, than they were bound to atone for the burning of the French ship of war on the shore of North Carolina, by an immediate resort to arms against Great Britain.
With respect to the principle assumed by the British orders, it is perfectly clear that it could not justify them in the extent given to their operation, if the facts, erroneously assumed, could have been fully sustained.
Retaliation is a specific or equivalent return of injury for injury received; and where it is to operate through the interests of a third party having no voluntary participation in the injury received, the return ought, as already observed, to be inflicted with the most forbearing hand.
This is the language of common sense and the clearest equity. As the right to retaliate results merely from the wrong suffered, it cannot, in the nature of things, extend beyond the extent of the suffering. There may often be a difficulty in applying this rule with exactness, and a reasonable latitude may be allowable on that consideration. But a manifest and extravagant departure from the rule, can find no apology.
What then is the extent of the injury experienced by Great Britain from the measures of her enemies so far as the operation of those measures through the United States can render them in any sense responsible?
A mere declaration by a belligerent, without the intention or the means to carry it into effect, against the rights and obligations of a neutral nation, and thence against the interests of another belligerent, could afford no pretext to the latter to retaliate at the expense of the neutral. The declaration might give just offence to the neutral, but it would belong to him alone to decide on the course prescribed by the respect he owed to himself. No real damage having accrued to the belligerent, no indemnity could accrue.
For the same reason, a declaration of a belligerent which he is known to be either not in a situation, or not to intend, to carry but partially into execution against a neutral, to the injury of another belligerent, could never give more than a right to a commensurate redress against the neutral. All remaining unexecuted, and evidently not to be executed, is merely ostensible, working no injury to any, unless it be in the disrespect to the neutral, to whom it alone belongs to resent or disregard it.
Bring the case before us to this plain and equitable test. The French decree of November, 1806, undertook to declare the British isles in a state of blockade, to be enforced if you please against the neutral commerce of the United States on the high seas, according to the faculty possessed for the purpose. As far as it was actually enforced, or an effect resulted from an apprehension that it could and would be enforced, it was an injury to Great Britain, for which let it be supposed the United States were answerable. On the other hand, as far as it

was not enforced, and evidently either would not or could not be enforced, no injury was experienced by Great-Britain, and no remedy could lie against the United States. Now, sir, it never was pretended that at the date of the first British order, issued in January, 1807, any injury had accrued to, or was apprehended by Great-Britain from an execution of the French decree against the commerce of the United States, on the theatre of their neutral rights. So far from it, that the order stands self-condemned as a measure of retaliation, by expressly stating that the fleets of France and her allies, instead of being able to enforce the blockade of the British isles, were themselves confined to their own ports by the entire superiority of the British navy: converting thus, by the strongest of reasonings, the security of Great-Britain against injury from the French decree, into a title to commit injury on a neutral party. In the November orders also, whilst it is admitted that the French decree could not be but imperfectly executed for want of means, it is asserted that the intention of the French decree, and not the injury accruing from its operation through the commerce of the United States, is the scale by which the retaliating injury against them is to be measured.
Such are the pretexts and such the principles on which one great branch of the lawful commerce of this country became a victim to the first British order, and on which the last orders are now sweeping from the ocean all its most valuable remains.
Against such an unprecedented system of warfare on neutral rights and national independence the common judgment and common feelings of mankind must forever protest.
I touch, sir, with reluctance the question on which of the belligerent sides the invasion of neutral rights had its origin. As the United States do not acquiesce in these invasions by either, there could be no plea for involving them in the controversy. But as the British orders have made the decree of France, declaring, contrary to the law of nations, the British islands in a state of blockade, the immediate foundation of their destructive warfare on our commerce, it belongs to the subject to remind your government of the illegal interruptions and spoliations previous to that decree, on the neutral commerce of the United States, under the proceedings of British cruisers and courts, and for the most part in consequence of the express orders of the government itself. Omitting proofs of inuendo note, I refer to the extensive aggressions on the trade of the United States, founded on the plea of blockade, never legally established according to recognized definitions; to the still more extensive violations of our commerce with ports of her enemies, not pretended to be in a state of blockade; and to the British order of council issued near the commencement of the war. This order, besides its general interpolation against the established law of nations, is distinguished by a special ingredient violating that law as recognized by the course of decisions in the British courts. It subjects to capture and condemnation all neutral vessels, returning with lawful cargoes, on the sole consideration that they had in their outward voyage, deposited contraband of war at a hostile port. If the commerce of the United States could, therefore, in any case, be reasonably made the victim and the sport of mutual charges and reproaches between belligerent parties, with respect to the priority of their aggressions on neutral commerce, Great-Britain must look beyond the epoch which she has chosen for illegal acts of her adversary, in support of the allegation on which she founds her retaliating edicts against our commerce.
But the United States are given to understand that the British government has, as a proof of its indulgent and amicable disposition towards them, mitigated the authorised rigour it might have given to its measures, by certain exceptions peculiarly favourable to the commercial interests of the United States.
I forbear, sir, to express all the emotions with which such a language, on such an occasion, is calculated to inspire a nation which cannot for a moment be unconscious of its rights, nor mistake for an alleviation of wrongs, regulations to admit the validity of which would be to assume badges of humiliation never worn by an independent power.
The first of these indulgencies is a commercial intercourse with the dependencies of the enemies of Great-Britain, and it is considered as enhanced by its being a deviation in favour of the United States from the ancient and established principle of maritime law, prohibiting altogether such an intercourse in time of war.
Surely, sir, your government in assuming this principle in such terms in relation to the United States, must have forgotten their repeated and formal protests against it, as these are to be found in the discussions and communications of their minister at London, as well as in explanations occasionally made on that subject to the British representative here. But permit me to ask, more particularly, how it could have happened that the principle is characterised as an ancient and established one. I put the question the more freely, because it never has been denied that the principle, as asserted by your government, was for the first time introduced during the war of 1756. It is in fact invariably cited and described in all judicial and other official transactions "as the rule of 1756." It can have no pretension therefore to the title of an ancient rule.
And instead of being an established rule or principle, it is well known that Great-Britain is the only nation that has acted upon, or otherwise given a sanction to it. Nay, it is not even an established principle in the practice of Great-Britain herself. When first applied in the war of 1756, the legality of a neutral trade with enemy's colonies was not contested by it. In certain cases only of the colonial trade, the allegation was, that the presumptive evidence arising from circumstances against the bona fide neutrality of the ownership justified the condemnation as of enemy's property. If the rule of condemnation was afterwards, during that war, converted into the principle now asserted, it could not possibly have been in operation in its new shape, more than a very few years. During the succeeding war of 1773, it is admitted by every British authority that the principle was never brought into operation. It may be regarded, in fact, as having been silently abandoned; and within the period of war since its commencement in 1793, the manner in which the principle has been alternately contracted and extended, explained sometimes in one way, sometimes in another, rested now on this foundation, now on that, is no secret to those who have attended to its history and progress in the British orders of council and the British courts of admiralty.
With the exception, therefore, of a period, the last in modern times from which authentic precedents of maritime law will be drawn, and throughout which the United States more interested in the question than any other nation, have uniformly combated the innovation, the principle has not in the British tribunals been in operation for a longer term than three, four or five years, whilst in no others has it ever made its appearance but to receive a decision protesting against it.
Such is the antiquity and such the authority of a principle, the deviations from which are held out as so many favors consoling the United States for the wide spread destruction of their legitimate commerce.
What must be said as to the other exceptions, which seem to have been viewed as claims on the gratitude of the United States? Is it an indulgence to them in carrying on their trade with the whole continent of Europe, to be laid under the necessity of going first to a British port, to accept a British licence and to pay a tribute to the British Exchequer, as if we had been reduced to the colonial situation which once imposed these monopolizing restraints?
What again must be said as to other features which we see blended on the face of these regulations? If the policy of them be to subject an enemy to privations, why are channels opened for a British trade with them which are shut to a neutral trade? If in other cases, the real object be to admit a neutral trade with the enemy, why is it required that neutral vessels shall perform the ceremony of passing through a British port, when it can have no imaginable effect but the known and inevitable one of prohibiting the admission of the trade into the port of destination?
I will not ask why a primary article of our productions and exports, cotton wool, is to be distinguished, in its transit, by a heavy impost not imposed on other articles, because it is frankly avowed, in your explanation of the orders, to be intended as an encouragement to British manufactures, and a check to the rival ones of France? I suppress also, though without the same reason for it, the enquiry, why less rigorous restrictions are applied to the trade of the Barbary powers than are enforced against that of a nation, such as the United States, and in relations such as have existed between them and Great-Britain?
I cannot however pass without notice the very unsearchable innovation contained in the two last of the orders. In one of them, a certificate of the local origin of a cargo, altho' permitted in the port of departure and required in the port of destination, by regulations purely domestic in both, and strictly analogous in principle to the regulations in the commercial code of Great-Britain, is made a cause of capture on the high seas, and of condemnation in her maritime courts. In the other order, the sale of a merchant ship by a belligerent owner to a neutral, altho' a transaction as legal when fair, as a dealing in any other article, is condemned by a general rule, without an atom of proof or of presumption, that the transfer in the particular case is fraudulent and the property therefore left in an enemy.
In fine, sir, the President sees in the edicts communicated by you facts assumed which did not exist, principles asserted which never can be admitted—and, under the name of retaliation, measures transcending the limits reconcilable with the facts and the principles, as if both were as correct as they are unfounded. He sees moreover in the modifications of this system, regulations violating equally our neutral rights and our national sovereignty. He persuades himself therefore that your government will see in the justice of the observations now made in addition to those I had the honor verbally to state to you in the first instance, that the United States are well warranted in looking for a speedy revocation of a system which is every day augmenting the mass of injury for which the United States have the best of claims to redress.
I have the honor to be, &c. &c. JAMES MADISON. The Hon. David M. Erskine, &c. &c. &c.
MR. MADISON'S LETTERS TO GEN. ARMSTRONG.
Mr. Madison, Secretary of State, to General Armstrong, Minister Plenipotentiary of the United States, at Paris—In continuation from our last.
February 18. Since the above was written, I have been under a degree of indisposition which has suspended the proposed continuation of it, and which now will oblige me to be very brief; the more so, as the vessel has been some days detained, which was engaged for the special purpose of conveying public despatches and private letters to Europe.
The delay has enabled me to inform you, that Mr. Erskine, a few days ago, communicated by instructions from his government, its late decrees of November 11, and those forming a sequel to them. The communication was accompanied with assurances, that much regret was felt by his Britannic majesty at the necessity which the conduct of his enemy had created for measures so embarrassing to neutral commerce; and that his majesty would readily follow an example of relinquishing such a course, or even of making relaxations pari passu with his enemy.
In remonstrating against the injustice and illegality of the French decree, I am aware that you may be reminded of antecedent injuries to France and her allies, through British violations of neutral commerce. The fact cannot be denied, and may be urged with great force, in our remonstrances against the orders to which Great-Britain has given a retaliating character; since the French decree might, on the same ground, be pronounced a retaliation on the preceding conduct of Great-Britain. But ought the legitimate commerce of neutrals to be thus the victims and the sport of belligerents, contesting with each other the priority of their destructive innovations; and without leaving, either of them, to neutrals even the opportunity or the time for disproving that culpable acquiescence which is made the pretext by both, for the wrongs done to them? And I must repeat, that, apart from all questions of this nature, the French decree, or at least the illegal extensions of it to the United States, remain chargeable with all the impolicy which has been pointed out.
I find, by accounts from Hamburg, Bremen, Holland, and Leghorn, that the trade and property of our citizens have been much vexed by regulations subaltern to those of the original decree of November 21, 1806. How far the complaints are founded on proceedings violating our public rights, or on such as are unfriendly and inequitable towards our citizens, who have placed their property within
those jurisdictions, you will be able to decide better than we can do at this distance; and the President refers to your own judgment, the kind of representation to the French government which those and other analogous cases may require."
Extract of a letter from Mr. Madison to General Armstrong.
Department of State, May 2d, 1808. "Since my last, of which lieutenant Lewis was the bearer, I have received your several letters of 27th December, 22d January, 15th and 17th February, with their respective inclosures."
"That of the 15th January, from Mr. Champagny to you, has, as you will see by the papers herewith sent, produced all the sensations here, which the spirit and style of it were calculated to excite in minds alive to the interests and honor of the nation. To present to the United States the alternative of bending to the views of France against her enemy, or of incurring a confiscation of all the property of their citizens carried into the French prize courts, implied that they were susceptible of impressions by which no independent and honorable nation can be guided; and to pronounce and pronounce for them the effect which the conduct of another nation ought to have on their councils and course of proceeding, had the air at least of an assumed authority, not less irritating to the public feelings. In these lights, the President makes it your duty to present to the French government the contents of Mr. Champagny's letter, taking care, as your discretion will doubtless suggest, that whilst you make that government sensible of the offensive tone employed, you leave the way open for friendly and respectful explanations, if there be a disposition to offer them, and for a decision here on any reply may be of a different character."
"Congress closed their session on the 25th ult. For a general view of their proceedings, I refer to the series of newspapers heretofore and now forwarded, and to other prints which are added. Among their acts of chief importance is that which vests in the President "authority to suspend in whole or in part the embargo laws."
"The condition on which the suspending authority is to be exercised will engage your particular attention. They appeal equally to the justice and the policy of the two great belligerent powers now contending each other in violations of both. The president counts on your best endeavours to give to this appeal all the effect possible with the French government. Mr. Pinkney will be doing the same with that of Great-Britain. The relation in which a repeal of its retaliating decrees, by either power, will place the United States to the other, is obvious, and ought to be a motive to the measure, proportioned to the desire which has been manifested by each, to produce collisions between the United States and its adversary, and which must be equally felt by each to avoid one with itself."
"Should wiser councils or increasing distresses induce Great-Britain to revoke her impolitic orders against neutral commerce, and thereby prepare the way for a removal of the embargo, as it applies to her, France could not persist in the illegal part of her decrees, if she does not mean to force a contest with the United States. On the other hand, should she set the example of revocation, Great-Britain would be obliged, either by following it, to restore to France the full benefit of neutral commerce, which she needs; or by persevering in her obnoxious orders, after the pretext for them had ceased, to render collisions with the United States inevitable."
"In every point of view, therefore, it is so clearly the sound policy of France to rescind so much at least of her decrees as trespass on neutral rights, and particularly to be the first in taking the retrograde step, that it cannot be unreasonable to expect that it will be immediately taken."
"In whatever degree the French government may be led to change its system, you will lose no time in transmitting the information to this department, and to Mr. Pinkney; and by bird conveyance, if necessary. A correspondent instruction is given to Mr. Pinkney."
"It is of the greater importance, that you should receive from each other the earliest notice of any relaxations, as each government is under a pledge to follow such an example by the other. And it is not of less importance that the President or Congress should be acquainted with the facts, that the proceedings here may be accommodated to them."
"That you may know the grounds on which the British orders of November, have been arraigned by this government, I enclose a copy of the answer to Mr. Erskine's note communicating them, a copy of the note being also enclosed."
"The other documents communicated, will put you in full possession of the relations of the United States with Britain, as resulting from the issue of our general negotiations, and from that of the mission of Mr. Rose."
"This dispatch is forwarded by Mr. Baker, who takes his passage from Baltimore, in a vessel engaged, as was the Osage which sailed from New-York for the special purpose of publick and mercantile correspondences with Europe. She will proceed, in the first instance, to L'Orient, where she will leave Mr. Baker, and thence proceed with despatches for Mr. Pinkney, to Falmouth, where she will remain a few days to receive communications from him; she will then return to L'Orient, in order to bring back Mr. Baker with your communications."
MR. MADISON TO GEN. ARMSTRONG.
Department of State, July 21, 1808.
Sir—Herewith you will receive a copy of the papers relating to one of the vessels which were destroyed at sea by the French frigates returning from the West-Indies. I observe that, in your letter to Mr. Champagny, of the 2d of April, you have incidentally noticed this occurrence. If ample reparation should not have been made to the sufferers, the President thinks it proper that, as their cases become authenticated, you should present them in terms which may awaken the French government to the nature of the injury and the demands of justice. The burning of neutral vessels detained on the high seas, is the most distressing of all the modes by which belligerents exert force contrary to right; and, in proportion as it is destitute of apology, ought at least to be the promptitude and amplitude of the redress. If it be contended that the destruction, in these cases, proceeded solely from the danger that otherwise intelligence might reach a pursuing or hovering force, it may be answered, that if such a plea were of greater avail, it would only disprove a hostility of intention, without diminishing the obligation to indemnify, on the most liberal scale, the
injured individuals. It may be added, that if the outrage on the individuals was not meant as a hostility towards their nation, the latter might justly expect a tender of such explanations as would leave no doubt on this subject.
I have the honour to be, &c. (Signed) JAMES MADISON. Gen. Armstrong, Minister Plen. of the U. S. at Paris.
Extract of a letter from Mr. Madison to Gen. Armstrong.
Department of State, July 22, 1808. "Your dispatches by Lieut. Lewis were delivered on the 8th inst."
"It is regretted that the interval between his arrival and the date of your letter to Mr. Champagny, during which, I presume, some verbal intercommunication must have taken place, had produced no indication of a favorable change in the views of the French government with respect to its decrees; and still more, that instead of an early and favorable answer to your letter, it should have been followed by such a decree as is reported to have been issued on the 22d of April at Bayonne. The decree has not yet reached the United States, and therefore, its precise import cannot be ascertained. But if it should be, as it is represented, a sweeping stroke at all American vessels on the high seas, it will not only extend our demands of reparation, but is rendered the more ominous with respect to the temper and views of the emperor towards the United States, by the date of the measure."
"The arrival of Mr. Baker with my letter of May 2d, of which a copy is herewith sent, will have enabled you to resume the subject of the decrees with the fairest opportunity that could be given to the French government for a change of the unjust and unwise course which has been pursued: and I assure myself that you will not have failed to turn the communications with which you are furnished to the best account. If France does not wish to throw the United States into the war against her, for which it is impossible to find a rational or plausible inducement, she ought not to hesitate a moment in revoking at least so much of her decrees as violate the rights of the sea, and furnish to her adversary the pretext for his retaliating measure. It would seem as if the imperial cabinet had never paid sufficient attention to the smallness of the sacrifice which a repeal of that portion of its system would involve, if an act of justice is to be called a sacrifice."
"The information by the return of the Osage from England is not more satisfactory than that from France. Nothing was said on the subject of the Chesapeake, nor any thing done or promised, as to the orders in council. It is probable that further accounts from the United States were waited for, and that the arrival of the St. Michael will have led to a manifestation of the real views of that government on those and other subjects. In the mean time it cannot be doubted, that hopes were cherished there of some events in this country favorable to the policy of the orders, and particularly, that the offensive language and proceedings of France would bring on a hostile resistance from the United States; in which case the British government would be able to mould every thing to its satisfaction. There is much reason to believe that if the British government should not concur in a mutual abolition of the orders and of the embargo, it will result from an unwillingness to set an example which might be followed, and might consequently put an end to the irritating career of her enemy, on which the calculation is built. Might not use be made of this view of the matter, in those frank and friendly conversations which sometimes best admit topics of a delicate nature, and in which pride and prejudice can be best managed without descending from the necessary level? In every view it is evidently proper, as far as respect to the national honor will allow, to avoid a stile of procedure which might co-operate with the policy of the British government, by stimulating the passions of the French."
Copies and extracts of letters from Gen. Armstrong to the Secretary of State, with copies of their inclosures.
GEN. ARMSTRONG TO MR. MADISON. (Duplicate.)
PARIS, Nov. 12, 1807.
Sir, It was not till yesterday that I received from Mr. Skipwith a copy of the decree of the council of prizes in the case of the Horizon. This is the first unfriendly decision of that body, under the arrest of the 21st of November, 1806. In this case, and on the petition of the defendant, the court has recommended the restitution of the whole cargo. I did not, however, think proper to join in asking as a favour, what I believe myself entitled to as a right. I subjoin a copy of my note to the minister of foreign affairs; and am, sir, &c.
JOHN ARMSTRONG.
Note of General Armstrong. "In the former copy nearly a page of this letter was omitted by the copier."
The same to Mr. Champagny. PARIS, Nov. 12, 1807.
Sir, The document to which these observations are prefixed, will inform your excellency that an American ship, trading under the protection of the laws of nations, and of particular treaties, and suffering shipwreck on the coast of France, has recently been seized by his majesty's officers, and adjudged by his council of prizes as follows, viz.
"Our council puts at liberty the American vessel the Horizon, shipwrecked the 30th of May last, near Morlaix, and consequently orders that the amount arising from the sale legally made of the wreck of the said vessel, together with the merchandise of the cargo, which, according to an estimate made in the presence of the overseers of the administrations of marine and custom-house, shall have been acknowledged not to have proceeded from English manufactures, nor from English territory, shall be restored to capt. Maclure, without deducting any other expenses than those relative to the sale."
"And with regard to the other merchandise of the cargo, which, from the result of the said estimate, shall be acknowledged to come from manufactures or English territory, by virtue of the 5th article of the decree of the 1st November, 1806, they shall be confiscated for the use of the state; the whole to be sold by the forms prescribed in the regulations; and the application of the product to be made in conformity to the arrangements

“of the said decree, deduction being made for the expence of saving the goods, and that of the sup- port of the crew until the day that the captain shall receive the notification of the present deci- sion.”
The reasons upon which this decision is founded, are at once so new and alarming to the present friend- ly relations of the two powers, that I cannot but discuss them with a freedom in some degree propor- tioned to my sense of their novelty and importance.
“Considering,” says the council, “1st, that the neutrality of the ship and cargo were first estab- lished, the whole ought to be restored, (agreeably to the provisions of the convention of the 30th of September, 1800,) provided no merchandise of English origin had been found in her, and of course that she had not been brought within the limits of the imperial decree of the 21st Nov. 1806.”
Here is an open and unqualified admission, that the ship was found within the rules prescribed by the convention of 1800; that according to these rules, her cargo and herself ought to have been re- stored, and that such would have been the fact, but for the operation of the decree of the 21st Novem- ber, 1806.
In the letter your excellency did me the honor to write to me on the 7th of October last, you thought it “easy to reconcile the obligations of this decree with the preservation of those arising from treaties.” It was not for me to examine the means by which this reconciliation could be effected: they no doubt fully existed and yet exist in his majesty’s good pleasure; and taking for granted this fact, I saw in the opinion nothing but proofs, of friendly disposi- tions and pledges that these were not to be either wantonly destroyed or diminished. How inauspi- cious, however, to its authority and the consolations derived from it, is this recent act of the court of prizes! An act, which explicitly acknowledges the opposite characters and conflicting injunctions of these two instruments, and which of course draws after it considerations the most serious to the government of the United States.
The second reason of the council is, “that the de- claring (British) merchandise good prize, had prin- cipally in view captures made on the high seas; but that the question, whether shipwrecked goods ought to be restored or confiscated, having always been judged under the 14th article of the regulation of the 20th of July, 1778, and according to their charac- ter, (which might have rendered lawful or have even commanded their seizure at sea) there is no reason to introduce in this case any new distinction which, however philanthropic it may appear, has not as yet been adopted as a rule by any maritime nation.”
The doctrine resisted [in] this passage, and which inculcates the duty of extending protection to the unfortunate, is not new to his majesty’s council of prizes. They have themselves consecrated it by their decision of the 5th March 1800. By that de- cision they restored an enemy’s ship (the Diana) on the single reason that “she had been compelled to en- ter a French port by stress of weather.” “I should certainly fail,” says the attorney general “in respect to myself and the council before whom I have the honour to represent the government, were I not to maintain a principle consecrated by our laws and by those of all nations. In all circumstances let us loyalty of the French government serve as the basis of your decisions. Prove yourselves at once gene- rous and just. Your enemies will know and respect your magnanimity.” Such was the principle ad- opted by the council in the year 1800, and in the case of an enemy’s ship; yet we are now told, that this very principle, so honourable to the court, to the nation, and to human nature, is utterly un- known to all maritime people. And on what occa- sion do we hear this? When an enemy’s ship is again thrown on the French coast? No; it has been reserved for the wreck of a neutral and friend- ly vessel! For a ship of the United States! It is not denied that had this ship escaped the rocks and made the port of Morlaix, the only inhospitality to which she would have been exposed (under the most rigorous interpretation of the law in question) would have been that of being ordered again to sea. Has then the misfortune of shipwreck so far altered her condition, as to expose her to the injury of confis- cation also? And is this among the principles which the defender of the maritime rights means to conse- crate by his power and wisdom? It is impossible.
The third reason of the council is “that the ap- plication of the 5th article aforesaid, in as far as it concerns the American and other nations, is the re- sult both of the general expressions of that very arti- cle, and of the communication recently made by his excellency the grand judge concerning the pri- mitive intentions of the sovereign.”
This reason will be found to be substantially an- swered in my reply to reason No. 5 of the council. It will be seen that the opinion given here that “the application of article 5 of the imperial decree to American commerce, is the result of the general expressions of that very article” was not the opin- ion of the council of the 5th of March last, when they judged the case of the Hibernia; they then de- clared in totidem verbis that the decree “said no- thing of its own influence on the convention of 1800, between the United States and France.”
The fourth reason of the council is “that the ex- pedition in question having certainly been made with full knowledge of the said decree, no objection can be drawn with any propriety from the general rules forbidding a retrospective action, nor even in this particular case from the posterior date of the act in which the sovereign decides the question, since that act sprang from his supreme wisdom, not as an interpretation of a doubtful point, but as a de- claration of an anterior and positive disposition.”
A distinction is here attempted to be taken be- tween the interpretation of a doubtful point and the declaration of an anterior and positive rule. This distinction cannot be maintained; for if the rule had been positive, there would have been no occasion for the declaration. Neither the minister of marine, nor the council of prizes could have had any doubts on the subject; the execution of the decree would have been prompt and peremptory; nor would a sec- ond act on the part of his majesty, after the lapse of 12 months, have been necessary to give oper- ation to the first. Need I appeal to your excellency’s memory for the facts on which these remarks turn? You know that doubts did exist—you know that there was, under them, much hesitation in pro- nouncing. You know that as late as the 8th of Au- gust I sought an explanation of the decree in question, and that even then, your excellency (who was surely a competent and legitimate organ of his ma- jesty) did not think yourself prepared to give it: the conclusion is inevitable; his majesty’s answer,
transmitted to the court of prizes on the 18th of September last, through the medium of the grand judge, was in the nature of an interpretation , and being so, could not, without possessing a retroactive quality, apply to events many months anterior in date to itself.
The fifth reason of the council, and the last which enters into the present view of the subject is, “that though one of the principal agents of his majesty had given a contrary opinion, of which the council had at no period partaken, this opinion, being that of an individual, could not (whatever consideration its authority may merit) balance the formal declaration given in the name of his majesty himself; and that, if the communication of this opinion had, as is al- leged, given room to, and served as a basis for many American shipments, and particularly of the one in question, this circumstance, which may call for the indulgence of his majesty, in a case in which the confiscation is entirely to the advantage of the state, does not prevent a council, rigid in its duty, to pronounce in conformity to the decree of the 21st of November, and of the declaration which follows it.”
It would appear from this paragraph, that not finding it easy to untie the knot, the council had de- termined to cut it. Pressed by the fact that an in- terpretation of the decree had been given by a min- ister of his majesty, specially charged with its exe- cution, they would now escape from this fact and from the conclusions to which it evidently leads, by alleging—
1. That at no time had the council partaken of the opinion given by the minister; and 2. That this opinion being that of an individual, could not possess either the force or the authority of one truly ministerial.
It appears to me, as I think it will appear to your excellency, that the council have, in these state- ments, been less correct than is usual to them on similar occasions. If, as they now assert, they have never partaken of the minister’s opinion; if they have never even hesitated on the question, whe- ther the decree of November did or did not derogate from the treaty of 1800, why, I ask, suspend the American cases generally? Or why decide, as they did, in the case of the Hibernia? If I mistake not, we find in this case the recognition of the very prin- ciple laid down by the minister of marine. That officer says, “in my opinion, the November decree does not work any change in the rules at present ob- served with respect to neutral commerce, and con- sequently none in the convention of the 8th Ven- dôme, year 9.”—And what say the council? Ad- mitting that this part of the decree (the 10th and 11th) was of British origin, the disposition of the November decree, (which contains nothing with regard to their own influence over the convention of the 8th Vendôme, year 9,) evidently cannot be applied to a ship leaving America on the fifth of the same month of November; and of course cannot have authorised her capture in the moment she was en- tering the neutral ports of her destination. We have here three distinct grounds of exemption from the effects of the November decree.
1. The entire absence of that decree with regard to its own influence over the convention of 1800; 2. The early period at which the ship left the U- nited States; and 3. The neutral character of the port to which she was destined. 1. Such, sir, were the principles admitted by the council on the 5th of March last, with what con- sequences can it be now said “that at no period have they partaken of the opinion of the minister?”
The second fact asserted by the council is, that the interpretation of the decree in question given on the 24th of December, 1806, was private , not pub- lic —or in other words, that it was the interpretation of the man , not that of the minister —and as such, cannot outweigh the more recent declaration coming directly from his majesty himself.
On the comparative weight of these declarations I shall say nothing, nor shall I do more to repel the first part of the insinuation ( that the minister’s de- claration was that only of the individual )—than to submit to your excellency my letter of the 20th of December, 1806, claiming from that minister an official interpretation of the decree in question, and his answer of the 24th of the same month, giving to me the interpretation demanded.
To your excellency, who as late as the 21st of August last, considered the minister of marine as the natural organ of his majesty’s will, in whatever regarded the decree aforesaid, and who actually ap- plied to him for information relating to it, this al- legation of the council of prizes and the reasoning founded upon it, cannot but appear very extraor- dinary, and will justify me in requesting that his ma- jesty may be moved to set aside the decision in ques- tion, on the ground of error in the opinion of the council.
If in support of this conclusion I have drawn no arguments from the treaty of 1800, nor from the laws of nations, your excellency will not be at a loss to assign to this omission its true cause. It would surely have been an useless formality to appeal to authorities, not only practically, but even profess- edly extinct. In the letter of the minister of justice of the 18th of September, we are told by his ma- jesty himself, that “since he had not judged pro- per to make any exception in the letter of his de- cree, there was no room to make any in its execu- tion,” and in the report of your excellency’s prede- cessor, of the 20th of November, 1806, we have these memorable words:
“England has declared those places blockaded, before which she had not a single ship of war.”
“She has done more, for she has declared in a state of blockade, places which all her assembled forces were incapable of blockading—immense coasts and a vast empire.”
“Afterwards drawing from a chimerical right and from an assumed fact the consequence that she might justly make her prey of every thing going to the places laid under interdiction by a simple de- claration of the British admiralty, and of every thing arising therefrom, and carrying this doctrine into effect, she has alarmed neutral navigators, and dri- ven them to a distance from ports whither their in- terests attracted them, and which the law of nations authorised them to frequent.”
“Thus it is that she has turned to her own profit, and to the detriment of Europe, but more parti- cularly of France, the audacity with which she mocks at all right and insults even reason itself.
“Against a power which forgets to such a pitch all ideas of justice, and all human sentiments what can be done but to forget them for an instant one’s- self?
Words cannot go further to shew the extinguish- ed authority in the one case of the treaty subsisting between the United States and his imperial majesty, and in the other of the law of nations. To appeal to them therefore would be literally appealing to the dead. Accept, Sir, &c. &c.
JOHN ARMSTRONG. His Excellency the Minister of Foreign Affairs. [To be continued.]
SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES.
THURSDAY, November 10. Mr. Giles submitted the following motion to the Senate for consideration:
Resolved , That so much of the president’s mes- sage as relates to the several embargo laws, be re- ferred to a select committee with instructions to ex- amine and report whether any other measures are now necessary to enforce a due observance thereof during their continuance; and also whether any fur- ther modification thereof be expedient at this time, and that such committee have leave to report by bill or otherwise.
Mr. Giles observed, that as the resolution he had the honour of moving, respecting the embargo laws, was intended only as an enquiry into that subject, which was deemed important by all, and if it be fur- ther acted upon, required immediate attention; and as it did not commit the Senate upon any point in relation to those laws, he hoped the committee might be now appointed.
Mr. Goodrich requested that the motion might not be acted upon till to-morrow, to which Mr. Giles agreed.
Mr. Smith (of Md.) submitted the following mo- tion for consideration:
Resolved , That a committee be appointed to en- quire whether any, and if any, what amendments are necessary to the militia laws of the U. States.
Friday, November 11.
Mr. White submitted the following resolution: Resolved , That the president of the United States cause to be laid before the Senate, copies of all the orders or decrees of the belligerent powers of Eu- rope, passed since 1792, affecting the commercial rights of the United States.
Mr. Hillhouse proposed the following resolution: Resolved , That it is expedient that the act enti- tled “an act laying an embargo on all ships and ves- sels in the ports and harbours of the United States,” and the several acts supplementary thereto, be re- pealed, and that a committee be appointed to pre- pare and report a bill for that purpose.
Mr. Smith (of Md.) objected to an early consi- deration of this motion, because the pressure of the embargo was not equal to what the gentleman had stated, and that the preparations for fitting out our vessels by merchants are not predicated upon the supposition of a repeal of the embargo; the docu- ments accompanying the president’s message had not been read and duly considered: He, therefore, ob- jected to an early day.
Mr. White wished Monday or Tuesday next, the documents being then before the Senate. He wished this motion to be acted upon before Mr. Giles’s of yesterday.
Mr. Hillhouse thought the shutting up our com- merce as destructive as the orders and decrees. He wished an early discussion, because in Connecticut a report, proceeding from a person in the adminis- tration, had been in circulation, “that the embargo was to be removed.” The expectation of a repeal was grounded upon the supposition that the embargo was not productive of benefit to ourselves, but of serious disadvantages; nor was it productive of the injury contemplated upon the belligerents. He wished an early day—say Monday.
General Bradley objected to this discussion. The rules of the Senate directed that resolutions of the kind in question, shall be on the table one day for consideration.
Mr. Lloyd (a new Senator from Massachusetts, in the room of Mr. John Quincy Adams) submitted the following resolution:
Resolved , That the President of the United States be requested to cause to be laid before the senate a statement showing the number of vessels which have departed from the U. States, with permission, be- tween the 22d of December, 1807, and the 30th of September, 1808, specifying the names of the ves- sels and their owners, the size of the vessels, the dates of their clearances, the ports or places for which they were destined, and the amount author- ised to be brought back to the United States in each of such vessels.
Gen. Smith (of Md.) called up his resolution of yesterday respecting the militia laws of the United States. On the question being taken on its passage, it passed in the affirmative, and messrs. Smith, Md. Sumpner and Bradley, were appointed a committee in conformity thereto.
Mr. Maclay presented a memorial from the mer- chants of Philadelphia, stating a disagreement in opinion between them and the collector of the port with respect to the construction of the embargo laws. Ordered to lie on the table.
Mr. Reed (of Md.) submitted the following reso- lution:
Resolved , That in future the secretary procure for the use of the senate, stationary of the manufacture of the United States, or some territory thereof.
The senate proceeded to consider the motion made yesterday by Mr. Giles, and having agreed to the same, it was ordered that Messrs. Giles, Smith, (of Md.) Bradley, Hillhouse, and Pope, be a committee for the purpose mentioned therein.
After the consideration of some executive busi- ness, the senate adjourned until Monday.
THE PUBLICK LEDGER.
FRIDAY EVENING, NOV 18. 1808.
Yesterday the Match Race, between Mr. Caleb Boush’s colt Sir Solomon , by Tickle Toby, 3 years old, carrying 110lbs. and Mr. W. Wynne’s horse Gallatin , by Diomed, 4 years old, 120lbs. four mile heats, was run over the new course, and won with ease by Sir Solomon . The first, was a fine heat, and well contested. The performance of Sir Solo- mon , induces a belief that next fall, he will be e- qual to any horse in America.
PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION
Madison. Monroe. Pinckney. Continued from our last. 3435 984 337 Westmoreland County 46 90 00 Accomack 30 397 3511 1471 337
MASSACHUSETTS ELECTIONS for Members to the
Eleventh Congress.
SUFFOLK DISTRICT.
J. Quincy, Fed. W. Jarvis, Jr. Dem.
BOSTON, 2513 1325 5 other Towns, 491 659 3004 2054
Mr. Quincy elected by a majority of 950 votes.
ESSEX E. DISTRICT.
B. Pickman, Jr. Fed. D. Kilham, Dem.
SALEM, 901 900 8 other Towns, 1852 1654 2753 2554
Mr. Pickman elected by a majority of 299 votes.
This district for four years has returned a democra- tick member.
ESSEX N. DISTRICT.
Mr. Livermore, Fed. 1470
Mr. Kilbridge, Demo. 766
The former re-elected.
NORFOLK DISTRICT.
Mr. Robins, Fed. 927
Mr. Seaver, Demo. 1278
MIDDLESEX DISTRICT.
Mr. Bigelow, (Fed.) in 6 Towns 448
Hon. J. B. Varnum, (Demo.) 368
Return not compleat; in the same towns in 1806
Mr. Bigelow had 88 votes and Mr. Varnum 384.
PLYMOUTH DISTRICT.
William Baylies, Fed. 1173
Charles Turner, Demo. 968
Returns not compleat; in the same towns in 1806, the federal candidate had only 426 votes.
BRISTOL DISTRICT.
Hon. Leban Wheaton, Fed. 1290
Josiah Dean, Demo. 807
A few towns wanting. Mr. Dean is the present member.
WORCESTER DISTRICT.
Mr. Upham, the federal candidate, and present member, is said to be certainly re-elected—Re- turns as heard from, for Mr. Upham 476. Barge, Demo. 304.
WILL BE SOLD,
At Mr. David Patterson’s Sale, on Monday next,
for Cash.
TWO VALUABLE
NEGRO FELLOWS,
Accustomed to the water. Nov. 18.
AUCTION.
On Monday at 12 o’clock in the forenoon, before Mr.
Sturtevant’s Shoe-Store,
19 bales Coarse Woollens,
damaged by moth and sold for the benefit of the concerned.
Terms made known at the sale.
Sol: Marks, jr. V. M.
Nov. 18.
CAUTION.
THE PUBLICK are cautioned against crediting any of
the crew of the Ship John, of Liverpool, as I will not
be responsible for any debts they may contract.
John Gilmer,
Master of the Ship John.
Nov. 18.
WILL BE SOLD, to the highest bidder, on Mon-
day the 21st instant, at 10 o’clock, at the dwelling
house of the late Mr. David Patterson, deceased,
All his Household and Kitchen Fur-
niture; a Phaeton and Horse; a Mule and Cart; the one-half
of two Pews in the Presbyterian Church. Also several val-
uable Negroes, one of which is a good Blacksmith; Ship
Carpenter’s Tools; Blocks and Falls; Crabs; Pitch Kettles;
Spars; Oak and Pine Plank; Pine Scantlings, &c.—Black-
smith’s Tools; Bar Iron; Iron Knees, Tillers and a parcel
of Hinges and Bolts; Sheathing Paper; Nails and Spikes.
The WHARF occupied by the deceased as a Ship Carpen-
ter’s Yard; is offered for RENT, with or without Six or Eight
good Negro Ship Carpenters; or the Blacksmith’s Shop is for
RENT also. By order of D. K. WADDEY, Adm’r.
S. Marks, jr.
Nov. 18.
Ten Dollars Reward
WILL be given to any person who will apprehend and
commit to Norfolk Borough Jail, or deliver to the
Subscriber negro man GEORGE, a blacksmith by trade,
commonly called George Smallwood, well known in and a-
bout Norfolk, belonging to the estate of D. Patterson, dec’d. about 5 feet 9 inches high, lame of one leg, which is very much swelled—he has a wife somewhere near Mr. K. Talbot’s near Tanner’s creek, where I suspect he is lurking. I do hereby forewarn all persons from harboring or employ- ing said negro at their peril—also from employing or harbor- ing any one of the negroes that belongs to said estate, with- out my knowledge. D. R. Waddey, adm’r. Nov. 18.
Five Dollars Reward.
UNAWAY from the Subscriber on the 13th of Novem-
ber, a Negro Woman by the name of DAINE, she is
of a dark complexion, a thin face, and about 40 years of age.
The above reward will be given to any person or persons who
will confine her in any jail so that I get her again, or by de-
livering her to me No. 48, Church Street.
Nov. 18.
N. B. I forewarn all masters of vessels from carrying her away, Nov. 18.

FALL GOODS.
WOOD & HASTINGS, Have just received a general assortment of SEASONABLE GOODS, Which they will sell at very reduced prices for CASH, by Wholesale and Retail, at No 70, Main-street. October 15.
MR. LEROY ANDERSON'S REMOVAL.
LEAVING this place destitute of an ESTABLISH- MENT for the EDUCATION of YOUNG LADIES; and Mrs. CAMP, having determined to remain here another season and to receive boarders as heretofore; In consequence with Mr. George Blackburn, professor of Mathematics in the College of William and Mary, to undertake the charge of an Academy in the same house, wherein it was usually kept next door to Mrs. Camp's. In this Academy, young ladies will be taught all the bran- ches more immediately conducive to mental improvement, and those ornamental accomplishments which are deemed so necessary that they have become an almost indispensable part of female education. Reading, Writing, and Arithmetic; the English Gram- mar, Geography, and History, will constitute the English Department, the charge of which will be undertaken by Mr. Blackburn.
Under the denomination of accomplishments will be com- prehended the French Language; Music, Drawing and Dancing; which will be taught by me. Mr. Blackburn's acknowledged scientific abilities, and his skill and experience as an instructor of youth; our united exertions, and our punctilious attention to the duties of our respective departments, induce us to hope that our lessons will be attended with all possible advantage to our pupils. Parents and Guardians who feel disposed to encourage this establishment will be informed of the terms by applica- tion to
A. Plunkett,
Teacher of the French Language in Wil- iam and Mary College. N. B. The tuition will commence on the 15th day of November next, and close on the 15th day of July following Williamsburg, October 26.
FOR SALE
On board the British ship Holiday, capt. Marshall, 355 tons stowed SALT, 145 do. common do. 100 crates well assorted Earthenware, and 12 dozen Mats—by C. & F. WHITTLE. September 5.
FOR SALE,
3000 bushels Liverpool SALT, a-float. At their establishment near Campbell's wharf, 100 pieces Russia Canvas, 60 do. Raven's Duck, 200 do. English do. 1 to 7. With a general and extensive assortment of SHIP CHANDLERY, on liberal terms by Noble & Arbuthnott, & Co. October 7.
FRESH GOODS.
WOOD AND HASTINGS, Have just received, Cambricks and Common Calicoes, Cotton Shirtings, Cotton Cambricks, Irish Linens, Long Lawns, Linen Cambricks, &c. Also, A few pieces of best London Superfine Broad CLOTHS, and most fashionable Coat BUTTONS, which with their Goods on hand, will be sold at very low prices for Cash. September 9.
THE SUBSCRIBERS Respectfully inform the publick, that they intend, under the auspices of Dr. Haller, to open a SCHOOL for both sexes on the first of October next, at his Plantation called Chesterville, in the vicinity of Hampton in Elizabeth-City County. They propose to teach the following branches, viz. Read- ing, Spelling, Writing, English Grammar, Arithmetics and Geography, History, Book-Keeping, Bell's Letters, &c. Languages, comprehending Latin, Greek, French, Italian, &c. Terms of tuition for each pupil of the junior class, embrac- ing the first section, Five Dollars per quarter—For the sen- ior class Eight Dollars per quarter. For such Scholars of both sexes as do not reside in the vi- cinity of this institution, board may be obtained on very mo- derate terms in the neighbourhood, or with the manager of Doctor Haller. Young Ladies who wish to be instructed in Musiok, besides the above mentioned branches, may be ac- commodated with the use of a Forte Piano, and tuition ten dollars per quarter. Charles G. Lefrere. Thomas Miller. Chesterfield, Elizabeth-City County, } September 24, 1803. lawfw
FOR SALE,
Little England Plantation, near Hampton, containing 555 acres of excellent land, about 300 of which are cleared, the remainder under wood, with a Dwelling-House, Offices, &c. This Plantation has many advantages over most others in the low country. There is a wharf within fifty yards of the house, with sufficient water for any vessel to lie at that can come into Hampton Creek, and the advantage to a farmer of having every thing conveyed to and from so considerable a market as Norfolk by water, is a circumstance of the first con- sideration. There is an excellent Pump in the farm-yard, with a well-constructed to water any fleet that may generally be in Hampton Roads; from this pump there are water-ways to the wharf, by which a Boat can load from 10 to 12 tons of wa- ter in two hours—it yielded the late proprietor at one time 700 dollars in twelve months. The Plantation is most completely fenced by double ditch- es, staked, and wattled, with some hedges—in short, the House, Offices, and Land, are in such perfect neat and good order, that any person purchasing the place would not have a cent to lay out on it. Those who may wish to view the premises will please apply to Dr. Ward, at Little England— For terms or other particulars, apply to William H. Thompson. N. B. The Negroes, Stock, and Farming Utensils, will be sold with or without the Plantation. October 7.
FLOUR.
FOR SALE, BY JOHN GRANBERY, AT HIS WARE-HOUSE ON COMMERCE-STREET, A small quantity of very excellent New Flour, in barrels and half-barrels, now on hand, fit for family use, and a regular supply expected from the Columbian Mills— Richmond inspection. CASH given for good new flour barrels and half-barrels. Nov. 9.
For SALE, or will be Bartered for Tobacco, 78 puns. choice Old Demarara RUM, James Young. October 19.
German Linen for Exportation.
NIEMEYER & VON KAPFF,
OFFER FOR SALE At their Warehouse in Water-Street, at the corner of Marshall's wharf; for cash, or approved paper only. 54 packages of German Linen, consisting of 140 pieces Ozabrige, 60 pieces Ticklenburgs, 500 pieces White Rolls, 900 Heedens, 80 pieces Hessians, 1 case Platillas, 1 case Shirt Linen, 1 case Sheetings, 1 case Table Cloths, 1 case Bed-Ticking. ALSO, 40 pieces best Russia Can- vass, 5 do. Topgallant Duck, 8000 Coffee Bags, 3500 Gunny Bags, 90 boxes best Spanish Sa- gar, 50 boxes English Pipes, 700 Straws 1-2 pt. Tumb- lers, 30 doz. do. Decanters, 350 pieces excellent Oil Cloth, 30 pieces Paper Hanging, 3 cases Port Wine. And at their Store in Main-Street, a great va- riety of Cutlery and Fancy Articles. Apply as above. Nov. 9.
J. & W. SOUTHGATE,
OFFER FOR SALE, For Cash or short credit, at their Store, No. 1, corner of Commerce and Main-Streets, A General Assortment of GOODS, suitable to the present and approaching season; AMONG WHICH ARE, Superfine Cloths and Cassimeres, 6-4 and 7-4 coarse Cloths, Flannels, Blankets, Coatings, Thicksets, Corduroys, Blankets, Plains, Halthicks, Scarlet Cardinals, &c. &c. Kendal Cottons in assorted bales, Coarse Hats in assorted boxes, Nails and Spikes of all sizes, Fand FF glazed Powder and Shot—ALSO, 200 good Bacon Hams, 30 kegs Lard, 60 barrels Smithfield Apple Brandy, 100 racks Liverpool fine Salt, 60 barrels very white Album Salt, 80 barrels good Coffee, Likewise, 2 grand and 6 small fine toned PIANO FORTES, And a handsome English made GIG and HARNESS, almost new September 21.
Phoenix Fire-Office, Norfolk.
NOTICE. The following Policies issued from this Office expire in the month of November, viz. 283.155 283.160 283.164 157 161 165 158 162 166 159 163 167 168 Richard Taylor, Agent. November 4.
Female Education.
MISS FLETCHER has removed her School to the house formerly occupied by Mr. Kirk as a School-House, (probably better known as the Old Methodist Meeting- House) where she continues to teach Young Ladies the fol- lowing useful and ornamental branches of Female Education, viz. Reading, Writing, Grammar, Geography, and the el- ements of General History. Also, a variety of Needle- Works, Tambouring, Embroidering, and Fulgee. All these branches are taught by Miss F. for 52 dollars per an- num. The French Language, Music, Drawing and Paint- ing, are taught if required; for which an extra charge of 2 dollars per quarter, is made, for each branch. Nov. 11.
Fifteen Dollars Reward.
RAN AWAY from the Subscriber the first day of Sep- tember, a negro woman named Bess, aged about 40, quite black, thick lips, light pitted with the small pox, and at some of her forefathers, very sulky looking; carried with her a girl named Patsy, her child, about 8 years old, remark- able by being lame in her left hand, and limps with her left foot as she walks, of a yellowish complexion, was for- merly owned by Mr. Thomas Price afterwarde by capt. Drys- dale, both of Norfolk, from whom I bought her. I will give the above reward to any person who will deliver the said ne- groes to me in Portsmouth. I hereby forewarn all persons from harbouring said negroes at their peril. William Forsyth. Nov. 11.
FOR SALE In our Ware-House, where the largest vessel can come along side, 15,000 bushels of CORN, 2000 do. do. white, 30 bales Cotton. Also, 4000 bushels coarse SALT, 150 sacs Ground Allum do. 45 hogsheads Old Antigua Rum, do. Jamaica do. 40 hogsheads Sugar, 80 barrels do. A few casks excellent Port Wine, Coffee in hogsheads, Madeira Wine, 45 crates Earthenware, Tobacco from several inspections. GEO. MURRAY, & Co. September 9.
THE SUBSCRIBER Wishes to Sell, and will Sell or Rent on moderate terms, That very excellent Wharf and Lot, in the town of Gosport, at present occupied by William Smith; the Wharf, Ware-Houses, and Dwelling-House are all in good repair. Thirteen Lots in the Town of Suffolk; And the following Property in Norfolk, Two good Fire-Proof Warehouses on the Eastern side of Commerce-Street, Nos. 4 and 6. Two Dwelling-Houses and Lots on Baugh-street, in good repair, and very pleasantly situated. Apply to John Granbery. September 14.
NOW LANDING On our Wharf, and for Sale on a liberal credit, from on board the British Schooner Commerce, Capt. Collins, from Jamaica, A Cargo of high proof RUM. C. & F. Whittle. September 2. Leather, Cordage, and Loaf Sugar. The subscriber will hereafter expose for Sale at his Warehouse on Campbell's wharf the above Articles, of the manufacture of Norfolk, at reduced prices for Cash, or on short credit only. Theo. Armistead. He will sell or lease for a term of years, the STORES at the end of Marsden's and Rothery's wharves. Feb. 20.
FOR SALE, On board the British ship John, capt. Gilmer, just arrived from Liverpool, 250 Tons STOVE SALT, loose and in sacks. 50 crates QUEEN'S WARE—By C. & F. Whittle. October 24.
FOR RENT, That convenient Dwelling-House, on Brewer-Street, the property of Mr. John Davidson, at pre- sent occupied by Mr. Stephen Harris. Also,
That commodious House on Catha- rine-street, at present occupied by Mr. James Dykes, ad- joining the subscriber, they have excellent gardens, and all convenient out-houses.
Also, A very convenient Dwelling-House, just finished, on Commerce-street. For terms apply to James Tucker.
Who has in Store, A few thousand bushels Liverpool stove SALT, loose and in sacks, that will be delivered in small or large quantities to suit the purchasers. August 15.
We have for SALE on our Wharf, 200 hogsheads MOLASSES, 53 do. superior quality Muscovado Sugars, 258 bags Guadalupe Coffee, 10 puncheons Rum, 50,000 wt. Jamaica Coffee, in hogsheads and bags, 10,000 do. La Guira do. 30 kegs Raisins, 20 cases superior quality Claret, 6000 bushels Ives, 8500 do. St. Ubes, 2500 do. Turks-Is- land, 5000 do. coarse Liverpool Salt, 10 pipes Old Madeira Wine; 4 do. Country Gin, 50 barrels Rye Whiskey; 20 hds. Philadelphia Porter, 1 new 14 inch Cable 120 fathoms. C. & F. Whittle. July 13.
Fifty Dollars Reward.
RAN AWAY from the Subscriber on the 26th Decem- ber last, a Mulatto Man named TONEY, a Black- smith by trade; he is about 24 years of age, 5 feet 10 inch- es high—bad on when he went away a dark cloth suit out coat and pantaloon—his right foot has been broken, which causes him to limp, and is much larger than the other—He travelled in the stage from Edenton to Suffolk, the 28th De- cember last. I have understood he went by the name of Benjamin James while in Suffolk—I expect he will endeav- our to pass as a free man. The above reward will be given to any person who will secure him in any jail so that I get him again, and all reasonable charges paid if delivered to me in Plymouth, North-Carolina. JOHN WALKER. August 26.
NOTICE is hereby given, That two runaway slaves were committed to the jail of North- ampton county in the month of August last past; the one named GEORGE, 5 feet 7 inches high, of a dark complexion and full face, formerly belonging to Mr. John Waddey of the county of Northampton; he says he belongs to a Mr. John Trowers of Richmond county in Virginia; but it is un- certain that he has made other representations concerning the person to whom he belongs, and it was supposed that he belonged to some person in North Carolina or to the South- ward. His clothing is of country manufacture and alto- gether of cotton. The other of the said two slaves is a woman named BET- TY, wife of the wife of the said George, she is 4 feet 11 inches high, of a dark complexion, now far advanced in her pregnancy, and presumably belonging to the same person with the said George; but she has always refused to make any disclosure concerning her master or her residence. She was almost destitute of clothing when committed to jail, so that no distinct description can be given thereof, but has been since furnished with plain and warm clothing suitable to her condition. The owner is requested to come and prove his property, pay the lawful charges and take the said slaves away; otherwise they will be disposed of, as the law directs. John Snead, Jailer of Accomack County. Oct. 21, 1803.
FALL GOODS.
Richard and John Taylor, Have received by the Ship Hero, from Liverpool, part of their FALL SUPPLY, and are in daily expectation of the remainder by the next arrivals, to complete their assort- ment, consisting of Kendal Cottons, Kerseys, Rose and Striped Blankets, Flannels, Baizes, Yorkshire Plains, Half- dicks, 5-4 and 6-4 Cloths, do. Coatings, Bears skins and Fri- zes, Carpets and Carpeting, Pipes, Copperas, Nails, Spikes, Powder and Shot. Also, an extensive assortment of Fine and Fancy Goods, Manchester, Cutlery and Hardware, of which they will sell by the package, piece, or retail, on very low terms for Cash or approved Paper. They have likewise for Sale, Prime Carolina Pork and Lard, Old Jamaica Rum, and a few bales of Twilled Sackings. September 16.
BURR'S TRIAL.
THE subscribers to the Report of BURR'S TRIAL, are respectfully informed, that the first volume has arrived from Philadelphia, and is now ready to be delivered at Pe- tersburg and Richmond: A sufficient number of copies will be forwarded as speedily as possible to different parts of the country, and deposited at places convenient to subscri- bers, of which notice will be duly published. Gentlemen who have been so obliging as to take subscription papers, will confer a great favour on the Reporter, by transmitting them immediately to him at this place, or to Messrs. Hopkins and Earle, bookellers at Philadelphia, as may be most convenient, in order that the books may be distributed accordingly. The second volume is in the press, and every exertion will be made to have it speedily ready for delivery. As the expenses and labour attendant on the publication, have been very great, the price to non-subscribers will be unavoidably rais- ed. The moderate addition of fifty cents per volume will be required of them. David Robertson. Petersburg, October 21.
Landing on Commerce-Street, The CARGO of the Brig Fame, Capt. Stone, from Havana—Consisting of Prime Muscovado SUGARS in hogs- heads and barrels, Best Green COFFEE in bags and barrels, Clayed SUGAR in boxes, ORANGES and LIMES. For Sale by MOSES MYERS. October 12.
TURK'S-ISLAND SALT, FOR SALE, On board the Swedish schooner Gustaf Adolph. Apply to Wilson & Cunningham. October 21.
NOTES OF HAND,
according to the new form established by the Directors of the Office of Discount and Deposit of the Bank of the United States, for sale at this office.
LOTTERY OFFICE.
LOTTERY TICKETS FOR SALE IN THE Philadelphia Grand Lotteries, BY R. H. HUGHES, No. 69, CHESNUT-STREET.
SCHEME OF A LOTTERY For the Universalist Church,
Authorised by an Act of the General Assembly of the State of Pennsylvania, passed the first day of February, 1808. 1 prize of 15,000 dollars is 15,000 1 10,000 1 5,000 1 4,000 1 3,000 2 2,000 3 1,000 6 500 6 400 10 300 20 200 40 100 100 50 3,516 12
3,708 107,592 6 Stationary.
3,714 First drawn blank first day's drawing 1,000 Do. when 1,500 tickets shall be drawn 1,000 Do. 3,000 do. 1,000 Do. 5,000 do. 2,000 Do. 8,000 do. 2,000 First drawn blank on the last day's drawing 10,000
12,460 tickets at 10 dollars 124,600 124,592 Subject to a deduction of 15 per cent. Tickets at $ 11.
THE SECOND CLASS OF THE Holy Trinity Church Lottery.
State of the Wheel. 1 prize of $ 10,000 2 do. of 5,000 1 do. of 4,000 1 do. of 2,000 8 do. of 1,000 4 do. of 500 8 do. of 300 16 do. of 200 26 do. of 100 75 do. of 50 155 do. of 20 And a proportionate number of smaller prizes.— Tickets $ 8.
Bustleton and Smithfield Turnpike Road Company.
Scheme on an improved plan entirely different from any other. HENRY PRATT, Esq. President. 1 prize of 15,000 dollars is 15,000 1 5,000 5,000 1 2,000 2,000 2 1,000 2,000 11 500 5,500 20 250 5,000 40 200 8,000 70 100 7,000 100 50 5,000 100 30 3,000 100 25 2,500 102 20 2,040 864 15 12,960
7,500 Tickets at 10 dollars each, is 75,000 Subject to a deduction of 15 per cent.
For the convenience of the publick, half tickets will be provided by the managers, and signed as the whole tickets. Prizes payable in Cash at the Bank of the United States, on the next day after each drawing day. The whole Lottery will be drawn in fourteen days; and to save expense, only as many numbers will be drawn as there are prizes; the residue will of course be blanks.
USEFUL ARTS LOTTERY.
CASH PRIZES. 1 Prize of 10,000 dollars is 10,000 2 do. of 5,000 10,000 5 do. of 1,000 5,000 10 do. of 500 5,000 10 do. of 200 2,000 40 do. of 100 4,000 100 do. of 50 5,000 200 do. of 20 4,000 500 do. of 10 5,000
Subject to a deduction of 15 per cent. This Lottery offers one of the best opportunities for ad- venturers, that may ever occur again, as all the large prizes are yet in the wheel, and only fourteen days to draw—and tickets at the low price of 2 dollars, but will soon advance to 3.
N. B. All the above Lotteries will be finished this fall. Persons wishing to become adventurers, shall receive the greatest encouragement at this office. Letters post paid, en- closing bank notes of any state, shall be punctually attended to, directed to No. 69, Chesnut-Street. R. H. HUGHES. Philadelphia, September 12.
Good endorsed notes at 60 days, will be taken in payment for tickets, and cash given for prizes the day after they are drawn, at the usual discount. FOR SALE, 3000 bushels Turk's-Island SALT, Now on board the Sloop Juliana, Capt. Stowe. Also,
21,000 feet MAHOGANY, A few puncheons Old Antigua Rum, New do. Molasses, Sugars, Indian Meal in barrels. John Granbery. September 21.
FOR SALE at my Brew-House, Strong, Table, and Ship BEER, by the hogshead, barrel, and half barrel—and a constant supply of bottled PORTER in packages and by the dozen. And in Store,
Wines, Liquors, and Groceries, wholesale and retail. Joseph Hayes. Feb. 13.
NORFOLK: PUBLISHED THREE TIMES A-WEEK, BY WILLIAM DAVIS,
FOR THE PROPRIETOR, Opposite the Exchange Coffee-House. Price Six Dollars Yearly, in advance.