Norfolk gazette and publick ledger (Norfolk [Va.]), 1805-09-11 00:00:00

NORFOLK GAZETTE AND PUBLICK LEDGER.
VOL. II.]
WEDNESDAY EVENING, SEPTEMBER 11, 1805.
[NO. 25.]
THIS PAPER IS PUBLISHED THREE TIMES A WEEK; PRICE TO SUBSCRIBERS FIVE DOLLARS AND FIFTY CENTS PER ANNUM, PAYABLE IN ADVANCE—SINGLE PAPER TWELVE AND ONE HALF CENTS—ADVERTISEMENTS ARE INSERTED AT THE RATE OF FIFTY CENTS FOR THE FIRST, AND TWENTY FIVE CENTS PER SQUARE FOR EACH SUCCEEDING INSERTION.
FROM THE CHARLESTON COURIER.
JULIUS CÆSAR AND BUONAPARTE, COMPARED.
Nature appears to have formed in the same mould, the ancient and the modern Cæsar. Possessed of a boundless ambition and ardent thirst for glory, they were gifted with minds capable of controuling, or of satisfying these desires. Just recovered from the havoc of the revolution, and satiated with the good and ill of premature liberty, France desired once more to enjoy her wonted quiet and security.—Rome too, exhibited to the world a scene of trouble and dismay. The contest between ambitious demagogues, who possessed the people's love, and an haughty but patriotic senate, who shared their tears and their suspicions, were situations too congenial with the wishes of Cæsar to be neglected. The lowering clouds which darkened the political horizon of Rome, was the prelude to that dreadful storm in which her freedom perished. Though the flames of civil discord, which had wasted and consumed the strength of a mighty nation, had not subsided, yet the greatest enemy which France dreaded was the powers of the continent. Her infant and unsettled republick was menaced by surrounding monarchies; and it was the policy of Kings to unite against a nation who paid them so little regard, and who had broken down every opposing barrier of tyranny. Not so the Roman republick—her foes were nurtured in her own bosom—Party spirit, which long had raged, began to burn with tenfold violence. The factions of Sylla and Marius opposed each other with implacable enmity, and above all, time and the people's folly, which before had caused the ancient fabrick of her liberty to totter, now more than ever, accelerated its rapid downfall.
Such were the situations of Rome and France, and under such auspices did Cæsar and Buonaparte commence their distinguished career. We should suppose that two men, having in view the acquirement of fame and the enjoyment of power, would pursue similar means of obtaining those objects. But the most superficial glance would observe a wide difference in their political conduct. Had the Roman restrained that unbridled openness of mind, which appears to accompany generosity and ambition, he would much sooner and more completely have accomplished his desires. But there was so little a share of prudence in almost all his actions, that every undertaking, which had the mastery of Rome for its object, was constantly exposed and defeated. We must either suppose that people to be instrumental to their own slavery, or that man to be infatuated, who having conceived the project of enslaving his country, should boastingly reveal it to the very men whose liberties he meant to subvert. Contrasted with this, in how different a light appears the conduct of Buonaparte. Instead of that open imprudence which characterises Cæsar, the Corsican's life was regulated by the same rigid principles and uniform settled line of conduct, from which, perhaps, he has never deviated. In the retirement of study, his philosophising mind foresaw a revolution in prospect, and the artful policy and discernment with which he performed his part in it, evinced a political genius deeply skilled in the science of humanity. Though young in the art of deception, he so well excelled in it, that before he had entered his twentieth year, he was chosen a member of the Assembly of Notables. This was the commencement of his publick life, and of that brilliant but destructive career which has not yet terminated.
But if the general conduct of Cæsar may be deemed imprudent, there are many acts which amount to the idea of rashness. Guided by that proud disregard to his real interest, which forms a striking feature in his character, he placed new images of Marius and his victories over the Cimbri in the capitol. Though by this act he encouraged and revived the partisans of that great man, though they liberally bestowed the highest encomiums on Cæsar, and earnest endeavours for his promotion, yet he did that which he might have foreseen and avoided. For as the faction of Scylla had long prevailed, and that of Marius was rapidly sinking to decay and impotence, the broad display of his hostile intentions in siding with that desperate mob, and his rash and open attack upon the dignity of the senate, caused them to look more narrowly to his conduct.
The haughty man, not deigning to coeal himself, was publickly accused by Lutatius Catulus, who, in the course of his speech on that occasion, made use of this remarkable expression—"You no longer attack the commonwealth by mines, but by open battery." An expression which shews that many at that time were sensible of his sinister designs, and which ought to have warned the Roman people of their blind and credulous inactivity. But though the majority of the senate was convinced of the truth and force
of the accuser's argument, yet when the graceful orator arose—when, with insinuating address, he confessed the deed, but not its criminality; when he turned the attention of his hearers to other topics; when, in fine, he poured forth the majestic stream of his eloquence, and exerted to the utmost, that gift which nature had too lavishly bestowed on him, his defence bore him off victorious. Yet as his guilt would not have affected his interests, so did his acquittal not advance his power. With the watchful eyes of scrutinizing suspicion, his every action was diligently observed. But, if in this instance, the slightest tinge of policy could sanction his conduct, surely in the infamous affair of Clodius, the imprudence with which he acted, while it pointed out the meanness to which the highest characters can descend, evinced that haughty spirit incapable of controul. Let us now revert to Buonaparte: After having been initiated in the science of tactics, and outstripped his competitors in the military school, he made his appearance at Paris. The principles of liberty which then agitated France he adopted and strenuously supported. It has been somewhere urged that the sentiments he then professed were sincere, and that he became ambitious when his prospects enlarged. But in the influence of disinterested patriotism, and the unfeigned love of true-born liberty, made no more impression on his stubborn breast, than they did on Cæsar's. If we trace his conduct from the commencement of its career, we will find that he has been paving the way to self-aggrandizement—rendering smooth the path, that the subsequent steps of his ambition might be less rugged. The wary politician knew well that by a cautious conduct, and pretended enthusiasm for liberty, he could lull asleep the real patriots of unfortunate France. But, if the general conduct of the modern manifested prudence and discretion, there are some proceedings of the ancient which carry with them ideas of the deepest political sagacity. In strengthening the friendship of Pompey and Crassus, Cæsar secured the interest of both to himself; and says the sage biographer, "while he appeared to be acting the office of humanity, he was undermining the constitution." Yet even here he shewed, (if I may be allowed the expression,) that candid ambition which so strikingly marks him—an ambition which he took no pains to conceal, and which he seemed to boast of, as the moving principle which prompted him to action. 'Tis here we perceive the distinguishing line in their characters. While the ambitious desires of Cæsar declared themselves by rash and open violence, those of Buonaparte were concealed until time should offer fit opportunity for the gratification. Nor is it to be supposed that he, who openly avowed that "he had rather be the first man in a village than the second one in Rome," should hesitate in acting up to those principles which the world already knew.
Strictly examining, we may be able to find some flaws, even in the Corsican's policy. His pride, when in the office of commander, was incompatible with his professions of liberty, and the haughty and unsocial spirit he sometimes manifested might have given rise to suspicions in the breast of men less tenacious of liberty than the French republicans. But when he once attained power, our admiration at his success diminishes, when we consider the weak obstacles which then opposed him.—When he broke asunder the shackles of deceit, which had hitherto kept him down, and openly sprung at power, why were the patriots of France so passive? Why did not Moreau act up to those principles of which he boasted? If Carnot really loved his country, and foresaw the termination of Buonaparte's desires, it was his duty to inform that senate of which he was a member, as the conservators of the people's liberty. On the contrary, the barriers which Cæsar's ambition had to surmount, were manifold and great. Patriotism it was which instigated the eloquence of Cicero, whose persuasive argument almost universally prevailed in the senate, and the independent principles and austere virtue of Cato, added no small weight to the balance of the people's opinions. Their utmost efforts were to check the flood of his ambition; and their endeavours were assisted by the usurper's personal friend and political enemy, Brutus.—Brutus! whose name shall be majestically wafted down the stream of time, and whom posterity will hail as the friend of humanity—the bulwark and model of liberty and patriotism. If such were his opposers to power, no wonder he employed power where fraud would have been useless.
But the decisive lines which distinguish their political character, are promptitude and boldness in the Roman; caution and patience in the Corsican. If the ambition of the one was long frustrated by his rash conduct; the haughty and imperious carriage of the other was incompatible with prudence. If Cæsar's unbounded talents merited the saying of Pliny, that he could at the same time employ his ears to listen, his eyes to read, his hand to write, and his mind to dictate, the amazing genius and extensive political and military abilities of Buonaparte, are no less entitled to that celebrated compliment. While we wonder at the success of Cæsar, we behold, with min-
gled pity and contempt, the degradation of the Roman character; when a corrupted senate could pay obedience to, and an inactive people could admire, the man who openly declared he intended to make them his slaves. And, on the other hand, the ultimate success of Buonaparte, points out the deep political sagacity of the man, who born to no inheritance but his talents, in times when popularity and enterprize could effect every thing, and surrounded by men who were alike rivals of his power, and spies upon his conduct, could so entwine himself around the hearts of a people who had just acquired, and were jealous of every infringement on their liberty, as to snatch from them the substance, and to place before their eyes the shadow of liberty, and fix himself firmly on that throne, before which they had invariably bound themselves never to bow!—The one would not bend his pride to conceal his ambition, and consequently had recourse to violence: The other could act in every station, and with equal dignity, and effected by cunning policy, the accomplishment of his wishes.
A new and majestic scene now opens to our view. We are now to consider them as warriors and generals. The space for contrast is annihilated, and the two characters assimilate to each other. Whether we consider them as commanding the affections of their soldiers, as displaying a daring courage, their comprehensive knowledge of tactics, their numerous and brilliant victories, or the accelerated impetuosity of their movements, they are equal in themselves, and pre-eminent over all others. The generosity, the candour, and the knowledge of human nature, which is requisite for a commander to acquire the esteem and firm attachment of his soldiers, are amply displayed in the conduct of Cæsar and Buonaparte: and the clemency with which they treated their prisoners, was more admirable than constant, and formed a trait in their military character more politick than humane. The Roman seldom, and I believe the Corsican never, infringed upon the honour of a soldier's word. If the former is admired for combining with the impetuosity of youthful ardour, the experience of a veteran, the latter stands pre-eminent for following up the stratagem of cool and sober reflection with the utmost alacrity of execution. But the ardent courage and the love of glory each possessed, sometimes yielded to the suggestions of rashness. While the plains of Marengo stand as the memento of a decisive and glorious victory, yet they remain to tell of the rash boldness of a man, who with a handful of heroes dared thirty thousand veterans with victory within their grasp. And those who know of Cæsar's disguising himself and passing to his camp through the army which surrounded it, will blame him though successful, of a heedless though courageous folly. Though in exposing their persons to the weapons of an enemy, they evinced a contempt of death, yet at the same time they hazarded the issue of a battle which hung upon their lives, and the interest of the republick, which were involved in their victory. But the number and difficulty of their battles, and the glory and triumph of hard-earned victories, serve as a cloak to hide this seemingly trivial fault. The eye which could distinguish the slightest opening for victory, and which could dart its keen foreknowledge to the issue of an undertaking, was alike the advantageous guide of Cæsar and of Buonaparte. This was indebted for many of his victories to eccentricities of warfare peculiar to himself—that perfected a science, by improving upon the models that had been used. The field, in which the talents of Buonaparte were displayed, caused the manner of his operations to differ, and the brilliancy of his actions to be magnified. The route of Cæsar was striking, and the end it led to was a merited fame. If the troops the former had to encounter were disciplined and veteran, and the armies he subdued were double his own in number, yet we should season our astonishment at his rapid and numerous victories, and reflect that the army of youthful heroes opposed to the enemy, were contending for liberty and life, and the ground they fought on was their native country; and we should also consider, that although Cæsar met opposition only from Barbarians, and the dangers he encountered were from inferior troops; yet that even Barbarians are disciplined and united in the cause of justice, and that when the liberties, the lives, and the firesides of a people, are invaded, every arm acquires strength, and each finds in himself the succour of a host: but it is vain to seek for flaws to temper their high renown—what each loses in one point is gained in another; and we may, without hesitation, pronounce them both to be the master pieces of excellence, in the ancient and modern science of tactics. Buonaparte secured the tranquility of France, by the subjugation of Italy, Belgium, and Holland, and caused the dishonour of these countries, to augment the glory of his own; and if deluded France is still willing to bear the rod of the usurper, she will find united in him, the highest political and military talents, to keep in awe the powers of Europe, and make Old England tremble. Cæsar too, by his conquests in Britain, Gaul, and Germany, extended the limits of the republick, and graced new laurels round the brow of Rome.
—Laurels which, alas! soon drooped and withered. It was the peculiar felicity of these men to command excellent soldiers. If, to them they were indebted for their victories, they were no less so for the accomplishment of their ambitious desires.—They who were the means of their acquiring a well-earned fame, became the tools of rendering that fame inglorious and polluted. As much as the conqueror of Britain is to be preferred to the king of Rome, so is the hero of Lodi infinitely superior to the emperor of the French. Think of the character Buonaparte then held, blessed with the republick's love—admired by the world—looked upon as the undaunted champion and true patriot of his country's liberties; and possessed of a fame which might be envied by the greatest heroes—and observe him now. He has enslaved that country, which once he bled for; sullied that glory which he nobly won, and lost that estimation which he once possessed in the bosom of mankind. Who that looks upon the two pictures would hesitate at assigning which was the genuine likeness of greatness.
If it were the destiny of mankind that talents should be exerted in the augmentation of human misery, instead of refinement and humanity, ignorance and barbarism would be the acme of our desires and pursuits. But it is only in the prostitution of the gifts of nature, that we experience evil; and from the ill consequences of the abilities of Cæsar and Buonaparte, when exerted in the cause of pride and ambition, we may form some estimate of the benefits derivable to mankind, had they been employed in the embellishment of science, the improvement of morality, and the happiness of the human race. In the acquirement of real glory, the illustrious Epaminondas stood as a model for Cæsar; and the virtue and unfading fame of the saviour of his country, Washington, might have been imitated by Buonaparte. But it would be difficult to trace in either of their characters, the mildness, the benevolence, or the patriotism, which distinguished the ancient and modern patriot. In the pursuit of that false glory which they esteem as not to need the ingredient virtue to make it legitimate, they ascended to as high a pinnacle as the blind admiration of mankind could raise them. But in the arms of Cleopatra, and in the gratification of passion, Cæsar loses the dignity of a conqueror. If Buonaparte practised moderation, it was through interested motives, and Cæsar acted with toleration only when it suited his policy.
If in enslaving our country, destroying our fellow-citizens, quelling every nobler sentiment, and acting up to the dictates of one ruling passion, can be accounted glory !—I believe that Cæsar and Buonaparte may stand as competitors for preeminence in the disgraceful list of tyrants who have afflicted mankind.
How ought we to dread that foe to human happiness, accursed and fiend-like war—War, which tyrannizes over man, which pours equal destruction on fruitful plains and populous cities, which, tempest-like, sweeps from the earth, millions of its inhabitants; and which, above all evils, gives opportunity, amidst its direful havoc, for every enterprising or ambitious villain, to trample upon and demolish the liberties, the happiness, and the rights of society.—But, as vice cannot for ever flourish, let us hope that, imitating the example of the Roman, some modern Brutus may arise, and releasing Europe from the bonds and dread of the modern Cæsar, vindicate the rights of injured France; and as their lives have exhibited the same scene of cruelty and despotism, their deaths may serve to warn all future tyrants of the termination which attends the career of vice.
To conclude—I think that in political sagacity, the Corsican is superior; in military talents they stand upon an equality; and their lives may justly be compared to the brilliant but destructive career of two tremendous Comets—the waste and devastation of the tract of one, Rome in ruins stands as a momento; while the other, still brooding, threatens to burst over the heads of mankind, hurling in its course, "hideous ruin and combustion."
NOW LANDING,
From on board the Ship Marcella , Captain Laughlin , 50 Hogsheads Havanna MOLASSES. And from on board the Schooner Hope , Captain Sprague , 70 Hogsheads Jamaica RUM.
For sale by William Pennock. August 14. 3w 70
TO RENT,
(And possession given the 1st day of October.) TWO VERY CONVENIENT WAREHOUSES, at present occupied by Mr. J. Proudft . For terms, apply to Robert Gibson. September 6. 184
BUENOS AIRES HIDES,
Now landing from on board the Ship Nancy , Capt. Lawrence , from RIO DE LA PLATA.
For sale by William Pennock. September 4. 123
IRISH LINEN.
TWELVE BOXES BROWN LINEN, For sale at my Office.
William B. Lamb, September 4. 6 124

Confirmation of the News of PEACE with TRIPOLI.
Yesterday arrived in Hampton Roads the United States' FRIGATE PRESIDENT, COMMODORE BARRON, Captain JAMES BARRON, in 38 days from Gibraltar. By this ship we are relieved from all anxiety upon this interesting subject, for not only does she bring the certain accounts of peace being concluded, and the release of our unfortunate countrymen, but she has brought Captain Bainbridge, his officers and part of his crew, a number of whom are now in town. We offer them our felicitations upon this happy occasion, and sincerely hope that the pleasures they will meet in their native country, and in the embraces of their friends, will compensate in a measure their past sufferings. We are sorry to understand Commodore Barron has returned in very bad health.
The particulars which we have collected are corroborative of what has been already published—General Eaton deserves great credit; to his enterprise and courage we are principally indebted for the attainment of these important objects. We understand that General Eaton reached Derne about the last of April, when he instantly attacked the Bashaw's army, and defeated it with little loss, himself being wounded in the right arm so as to render it useless. The few Americans who were in the action, displayed a courage that confounded the Turks; they were appointed to lead the attack, which service they performed in a manner that did honour to their country. We understand that at the time General Eaton attacked the army by land, that captain Hull in the Argus, captain Dent in the Nautilus, and lieutenant Evans of the Hornet bomb ketch, attacked the batteries by sea.
General Eaton's army was, we understand, composed of 1500 men, and that of the Bashaw's of 5000. This intrepid little band had marched 800 miles across the Sandy Deserts, through a hostile country, and had several partial actions before the decisive one at Derne. General Eaton was wounded when in the act of cutting down a Serk of the Bashaw's army.
The result of this action appears to have been an immediate proposal from the Bashaw for peace; Col. Lear went immediately to Tripoli and a treaty of peace was signed on the 3d of June, and our countrymen released the next day. The terms we cannot learn fully, but we understand that as far as we had Tripolitans they were exchanged man for man, for the balance of Americans remaining we are to pay 60,000 dollars. Some provision, but what we cannot understand is made for the Ex-Bashaw; his wife and family who were detained as hostages, are to be liberated. As the official accounts are gone on to Washington we must suspend our curiosity as to the other articles for the present.
The President left Syracuse the 7th July: The following was the destination of the American squadron at that time. The Frigates Constitution, Constellation, and Essex, with the Brigs Syren and Vixen, and Bombketch Hornet, were at Syracuse; the Argus had sailed for Egypt, and the Nautilus for Messina. The frigate John Adams and two gun boats anchored the day the President sailed. General Eaton sailed for the United States in a merchant vessel. The Ex-Bashaw was at Syracuse when the President sailed.—The President on her passage to Gibraltar got near the Spanish Coast, was taken for a British Frigate, and fired upon from the Batteries. It may be grateful to the friends of the officers, who have been in captivity, to know where they now are, we therefore have procured the following account of them.
Returned in the President.
 William Bainbridge, Captain.  Jacob Jones, 2nd Lieutenant.  Keith Spence, Purser.  Benjamin F. Read, Lieutenant, promoted.  James Gibbon, do. do.  Daniel T. Patterson, do. do.  William Osborne, Lieutenant Marines.  James Biddle, Midshipman.  Robert Gamble, do.  William Cutbush, do.  Wallace Wormley, do.  James Renshaw, do.  Nicholas Harwood, Surgeon's Mate.  Jonathan Cowdry, do.  William Anderson, Captain's Clerk.  George Hodge, Boatswain.  Joseph Douglas, Salmaker.  Richard Stevenson, Gunner. 
Remained in the Mediterranean.
 Lieut. David Porter.  Theodore Hunt.  Benjamin Smith.  Bernard Henry, Master.  Doctor John Ridgely remains as Charge de Affairs for the U. S. at Tripoli.  Simon Smith, Midshipman and  William Godby, Carpenter. 
ADMIRAL NELSON'S FLEET.—We some days since published an article stating the arrival of Lord Nelson's fleet at Gibraltar, on the 19th July. We were then under an impression that the information was not correct, and in that opinion we are now confirmed. We have conversed with an officer who landed from the President frigate, who says that Lord Nelson was not, nor had not been at Gibraltar, since he left that place for the West-Indies.
We understand that the Police of Alexandria have obliged Captain O'Meara, with his passengers, to perform 15 days quarantine, before they will be permitted to land. Capt. O'Meara left this place about
10 days since, when no alarm of fever prevailed, nor is there any at present. This measure we cannot but regard as very unnecessary and improper. The police of Alexandria must have very little confidence in that of this place, not to believe that if any real cause of alarm existed, that official notice would be given. The police of Alexandria adopted a similar measure last year, when upon examination, it was found to be premature.
VINDICATION OF MR. JEFFERSON.
The Enquirer, has finished his vindication of Mr. Jefferson, while he was governor of this state. We did think a vindication of this part of Mr. Jefferson, a work of supererogation, and the execution we think very lame and unsatisfactory. A work of supererogation it certainly was, after what had passed. Mr. Jefferson was impeached by Mr. Nicholas, and was honourably, and we have heard unanimously acquitted of every charge laid to him, and if we do not much mistake, received a vote of thanks for his able and upright administration. This was at a time when the passions of men were inflamed, when popular fury charged the misfortunes of the country upon Mr. Jefferson, for it is certain that no man was ever more unpopular than Mr. Jefferson was at that time. Yet when his conduct was calmly investigated, so far from blame being imputed to him, he was honoured; the arts of defamation and detraction had not reached that point, which they have since done. Noisy demagogues could not then hunt down characters as they now do.
After such an acquittal what more we ask was necessary to satisfy any candid man of the innocence of Mr. Jefferson in this particular? Is it not enough that Mr. Jefferson's innocence is established? Do his defenders or friends imagine that they will persuade us that he was, (or would, as the Enquirer seems to insinuate, have proved himself) a Hero?
We have said the vindication is lame and unsatisfactory, and our reasons we shall offer.
The vindication contains a great deal of trifling detail of circumstances of no manner of importance, as how Mr. Jefferson looked, even how he rested, and many small matters not worthy of notice. Appeals are made to persons on some occasions, whose opinions at that day would have been deemed unworthy of notice. To give them importance, imposing military titles have been conferred on persons, who never held rank in the army or militia.
If Mr. Jefferson's friends were determined in spite of the honourable acquittal which he had received, to go into a full investigation of his conduct, they certainly have not done so, in a dignified or effectual manner. They have not sought for the evidence of the persons best qualified to afford satisfactory information of Mr. Jefferson's conduct as governor, in the measures adopted for the defence of the country, subsequent to Arnold's retreat from Richmond, and until Mr. Jefferson's resignation. There are two persons known to us (and there may be others) who could if required, and they were inclined, give a full and satisfactory account of Mr. Jefferson's administration at the epocha alluded to. GEN. PETER MUHLENBURGH now Collector of the Port of Philadelphia, and COL. JOSIAH PARKER of this state, are both well qualified to give full and satisfactory information. Those gentlemen were entrusted with high commands by Mr. Jefferson in the militia. It is from persons who were in command immediately under Mr. Jefferson, that the publick would expect an appeal to be made, and not to persons who had not the means of acquiring regular information. We speak with caution as to Col. Parker, not being positive, whether the command given him during that invasion was by Mr. Jefferson or by his successor, but as to GEN. MUHLENBURGH we are positive, and surely Mr. Jefferson's friends could not fear an appeal to that gentleman. In forming a judgment of the measures of a commander in Chief, we should look at the means he possessed and how they were employed, and not to trifling circumstances which prove nothing.
We repeat, that the defence was not in the first instance necessary, and if thought necessary, that the best and highest evidence that could have been had, has not been furnished.
We shall here conclude our remarks, by taking this occasion of saying, what we have had no opportunity of before saying. Candour obliges us to declare, that as far as circumstances have come to our knowledge, we feel no hesitation in declaring, that of Mr. Jefferson's patriotism in the revolution, his conduct while Governor, and of his conduct until the adoption of the present constitution, there is much to praise, and nothing to censure. It was his misfortune to be governor when talents, which he does not possess, were requisite. But here let us hold.—
The United States' frigate Adams, has been spoken off Cape Hatteras.
The frigate President spoke the homeward bound East-India convoy, under Admiral RANIER.
TOM PAINE AND THE REPUBLICANS AT WAR. Sic transit gloria mundi.
The article which follows this, is copied from the FREEMAN'S JOURNAL, a Republican paper printed in Philadelphia. Our readers may wish to know what has brought this storm upon poor Paine's head; for nothing, we assure them, but for doing what he has been at all his life, revolutionizing, and disorganizing, and for which he has been heretofore idolized by those self-same republicans. Paine has joined Duane, and the advocates for a new constitution, hence he is, and always has been a devil.
The reader will not fail to observe what a neat dressing the Editor of the Freeman's Journal gives to Mr. Jefferson over Paine's back, says he "had this polluted monster remained in France, he would have conferred a particular favour on this country." Now, as Mr. Jefferson invited "this monster" over, and provided him with a passage in a national ship, we conclude, from the premises that as this monster would have conferred a particular favour on this country by remaining in France, that Mr. Jefferson
has done a particular injury to this country in having him brought here.
FROM THE FREEMAN'S JOURNAL.
Thomas Paine, a name now become detestable, has also begun to throw in his mite towards the destruction of Pennsylvania. This blasphemous wretch a few years ago, when the atheistical French convention were in power, in order to ingratiate himself with them waged open war against the Christian religion. He uttered blasphemies of such a nature as to make every reflecting person shudder. He called the Saviour of the world an impostor; his Ascension into Heaven, he said was a piece of jugglery, done with a balloon. He called the blessed Virgin Mary a prostitute; and the shocking blasphemies he has uttered against the Holy Spirit are too dreadful to be mentioned. Had this polluted monster remained in France, he would have conferred a particular favour on this country. Infamous and execrated, he might have "gone to his own place," unheeded and unregarded, like any other outcast from society. But as if his measure of iniquity was not yet full, this foe to God and man has come hither to plague us. He that endeavoured to destroy the Christian religion, is now endeavouring to destroy the Constitution of Pennsylvania. Those good Christians of this state who are engaged in the work of destruction, cannot certainly object to joining hand in hand with T. Paine, the vilifier of the Saviour, and the blasphemer against the Holy Spirit.
Thomas Paine formerly published a piece on Agrarian Law, or the equal distribution of property. The Malcontents have already been toasting success to the Distribution of Property, and also resolving to put down the Ministers of the Gospel. All this must be just as Thomas Paine could wish it. When the Constitution of Pennsylvania is destroyed, then follows the destruction of that of the United States—and then—down with the Churches!
But let Thomas Paine have a care—there yet hangs a tale, which, if once exposed, will consign him to endless infamy, if that is not the case already.
The accounts from all parts of the state are of so pleasing a nature, that we have been almost tempted not to publish them, least our friends might become too secure and inactive. We trust this will not be the case—every nerve should be exerted—every man should come to the election, and give a mighty majority in favour of correct principles, so as to crush the hopes of the conspirators forever. Let then the prospect of success spur us on to renewed exertions. The present probable majority, from the best accounts, which Governor M'Kean will have, is estimated at 20,000. Bets may be safely taken at 15,000. Freeman's Journal.
POLITICAL ESSAYS
ON THE ESSENTIAL AND DISTINCTIVE QUALITIES OF DEMOCRACIES AND REPUBLICS, WITH REFERENCE TO THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES.
From the Baltimore Republican or Anti-Democrat.
ESSAY XIV.
In our fifth number, having laid down the position, that the essence of a democracy consists in a power to enact laws being lodged in the body of the people, which may be exercised by them either collectively or successively; we observed—The authorities derived from the Ancients, in proof of this point, will be principally those which are relied upon by the Abbé Barthélemy in his celebrated work entitled The Travels of Anacharsis, the younger, in Greece , more particularly those which he quotes in his chapter "Of the nature of governments according to Aristotle and the other philosophers," and his chapter "Of the present government of Athens."
In quoting these authorities, as was proper, we used the title "Arist. de Repub." employed by the author, or translator of Anacharsis, to designate "Aristotle's Politics," the work quoted.
It is on the use of this "Arist. de Repub." that "the editor" [Mr. Duane] builds his second and last proof. We shall give it in his own words—"In Stanley's History of Philosophy, vol. 2, part 6, page 91, printed at London, under the general classification, Ethics, and the particular subject, politics, is this literal definition."
"Democracy.—They who command or advise or judge in a democracy, are taken out of all, either by suffrage or lot."
"This is the definition given by a writer to whose authority the Anti-Democrat appealed with so much confidence. But in quoting which, the Anti-Democrat has either been deceived himself, or has attempted to deceive others, by quoting a book called Aristotle de Republica. In the catalogue of his works by Patricius, the number of which, exclusive of the Epistles, is 49, there are four works entitled POLITEIA or Politicks, one on a kingdom, one on tyrants, one on constitutional law, 153 on the government of cities, and one entitled of Proper Democracies. Whether the latter is the book referred to by the Anti-Democrat, under the designation of Aristotle de Republica, we shall not pretend to determine, because the books are lost, they do not exist. Of the books that have not perished, there are 8 entitled POLITIKE. Perhaps it is one of these the Anti-Democrat has quoted, Aristotle de republica, as if Aristotle wrote in Latin." (52)
Again—"Whether the error originated in the translating Anacharsis into English from the French, or that the Abbé Barthélemy was guilty of the fault is not very material. The French edition of Aristotle is in the Philadelphia Library, but, besides that Aristotle de Republica is Latin, it is not a fair translation of any of his books. Nor is there in the list of those books that are lost such a title. In the class of Ethics, there are four books the title of which is [politeia] politics, but these are among the lost, as is his work on a "Proper Democracy," tyranny, oligarchy, and the government of cities. Of the works that are extant, there is one work, in eight books, which is entitled [politike] of politics; in this treatise so far from using the word [politeia] for a Republick, he uses it in speaking of a Monarchy." (53)
The patience of the reader is requested for a few moments. We do not engage to reward him for his condescension. Criticism, we know, is, to many, a tiresome subject. All that we can promise is to be brief.
We remark, in the first place, that the definition here given by Mr. Duane, of a Democracy, is not taken from Aristotle's Politicks, but from a summary of his eight books on politics (which have not been lost,) condensed into about two-thirds of a quarto page in Stanley's life of that Philosopher. As far, however, as the abridgement goes it is correct.—"Those in a Democracy who command or advise or judge, are taken out of all, either by suffrage or lot." We have never disputed this fact; nor produced any quotation from Aristotle in any manner contradictory of it. Power exercised by delegation must exist under every form of government. In no government can all the people command, advise, or judge. In a democracy, therefore, the people, in assembly or assemblies, choose their Generals, who command, their Senate, who advise or prepare their edicts,
and the officers of their courts of justice, who judge. (54)—But this is not all. Besides choosing those who command, or advise, or judge, "it is consonant to the nature of a democracy (as has been observed), that all matters of deliberation or legislation, should be decided by all the people, either collectively or successively." (55)
Stanley's abridgement is to the same effect, if the whole be considered, instead of a part. "A city, he says, is governed either by one man, or some few, or all, and each of these either rightly or unjustly. Rightly when the princes respect the common good; unjustly when they consider their own private interest. The right are Monarchy, Aristocracy, Democracy; the unjust, Tyranny, Oligarchy, Ochlocracy. There is also a mixed government, consisting of the good kinds. And whereas a commonwealth is often changed into better or worse; that is best which is guided according to virtue, that worst which is according to vice."
"They who command or advise or judge, in a democracy, are taken out of all, either by suffrage or lot; in an oligarchy out of the richer; in an aristocracy out of the best."
Secondly. We have read, with attention, the eight books of Aristotle's Politicks, and compared the quotations, used by the Abbé Barthélemy, and quoted from thence, by the Mirror, and find the sense of Aristotle in no instance perverted or misrepresented.
Thirdly. "The Editor" mentions his having seen in the Philadelphia Library, a French edition of Aristotle's Politicks. If he will take the trouble to look again into the library, he will find in it, "Aristotelis Opera, Graece et Latine." Perceiving that he understands Greek and Latin, we would recommend it to him for a view of Aristotle's Politicks, instead of Stanley's; which, as before observed, is comprised in less than a quarto page.
He will also find in that library, a treatise, entitled "Aristotelis de Optimo Statu Reipublicae," which he may, perhaps, reconcile him to the title used by the author of Anacharsis, or his translator, "Aristotelis de Republica."
It is in this manner Mr. Duane confutes a book (as Collin says of his antagonists) at the rate that mice do, by nibbling a little at a few of the leaves.
But the author of the Travels of Anacharsis, the younger, in Greece, is not permitted to escape with this detection. Besides not knowing how to translate the title of Aristotle's Politicks into Latin, he was (saying your presence) a priori, and the "tutor and the defender of the worst publick statesman which Europe has known in the last essential century:" (56) and, as if this had not been sufficient to have deprived him of publick confidence, he adds, that his most celebrated work, the Travels of Anacharsis, the younger, is only a Romance. Ah! from what remorse might this writer save himself, did he the romances he publishes, almost daily, in the Aurora, rest upon an equally solid foundation!
The Abbé was about thirty years employed on this romance, in the whole of which, there is not a single fact, sentence, or circumstance, relative to the Greek institutions and governments, that is not supported by the weight and authority of some ancient writer. And, let me add, the fidelity of the Abbé, relative to these authorities, has never been called in question, before this attack by the erudite vindicator of the Democratic constitutions of America.
But the Abbé does not stand a solitary instance of the critical acumen of Mr. Duane. Hume's word is not to be taken for a mere historical fact, relative to the Roman commonwealth.—Why?—he was the apologist of the House of Stuart. (57) Aristotle, too, is unworthy of all belief.—Why?—he was the preceptor of Alexander the Great. (58) Xenophon and Thucydides are as little worthy of credit as either.—Why?—because they were banished from Athens.—And for the same reason, should Socrates be quoted, his authority would be rejected, he having been sentenced, by the Athenians, to drink poison. But more of this hereafter.
"The Editor" having thus got rid of all authorities, ancient and modern, undertakes to get rid of his own hypothesis. In his eleventh number the American governments, which till then were "complete and perfect democracies," very unexpectedly, indeed, and all at once, become "Representative Democracies."
This forensic manœuvre, this attempt a donner le change, does not strike, at first view, as a very intelligible argument in support of the original hypothesis. "We have examined ("the Editor" exclaims in his 9th number) the constitution of the United States, and we find it to be, in every sense of the word, a Democracy." (59)—It would be satisfactory to be informed, in what degree of relation a representative democracy, stands, to a democracy "complete and perfect in every sense of the word?" Are they synonymous or convertible terms? Or how many removes is a "representative democracy" from a "complete and perfect democracy?" Has it gained a place in democratical genealogy? And by what symbolical figure do the ancients distinguish it?
A Democratical Government has been represented, iconologically, "by a woman, in the mean but decent habit, to represent the condition of the common people; crowned with a chaplet of vine leaves wreathed with a branch of elm, to denote union; holding, in one hand, a pomgranate, as an emblem of the people assembled in one body; and in the other serpents, because they are contented to remain in a low state, and do not aspire to higher things; corn lying on the ground, and sacks of corn round about her, to show that a publick provision for the necessities of every one, maintains peace and union." (60)
How shall we personify a Representative Democracy? Shall we, in conformity with the doctrine of Mr. Duane, and the practice of democrats, represent it by a beautiful Parisian Poissarde, [Fishwoman] her right arm embracing a lofty oak, its trunk fast decaying, while its extended branches exhibit the mistletoe in full bloom and vigour, emblematical of committees and demagogues, those perfections of democratic policy, "impurum in impurio"; her left arm extended, and displaying a polypus, significant of every, the smallest, subdivision of the people being equal to the whole.
To proceed without allegory or emblem. In what Greek author shall we find the term "representative democracy?"—What definition is given of it by Lexicographers?—Shall we look for it in "Walker's critical pronouncing dictionary?"—The author of these numbers is so unfortunate as not to have seen the term in any of the Lexicons with which he is acquainted. Should "the Editor" meet with it in consulting Aristotle de Optimo Statu Reipublicae, or any of the ancient authors, it is hoped he will be so publick spirited as not to keep the discovery to himself.
Well then, easy people, you have got a "representative democracy," in the place of, "in every sense of the word," and "in every respect, a complete and perfect democracy." Thus, in the course of a few weeks, we have passed from something real to its representative; from the thing itself, complete and perfect in all its parts, to a mere representation of the thing. Sic transit gloria mundi. It must, however, be matter of consolation to those among us who dislike the substance, to learn, from Mr. Duane himself, that they have only got the shadow.
(54) Arist. Pol. B. vi. C. 15.
(55) Idem B. vi. C. 14.
(56) "The Editor," No. 13. Aurora, Aug. 30.
(57) Idem.
(58) Idem.
(59) Aurora, August 25.
(60) Dictionary of Britannic, &c. by N. Bailey.
(52) The Editor, No. 10. Aurora, August 26.
(53) Idem, No. 13. Aurora, August 30.

By the Schooner Sarah, Capt. Gibson, from New-York, we have received the Papers of that City to the 6th, by which it appears that the YELLOW FEVER has made its appearance in that place. Upon this calamitous subject, the following official document was published.
OFFICE OF THE BOARD OF HEALTH.
SEPTEMBER, 5th, 1805.
Since the last report of the Board, nothing has occurred with respect to the health of this city to justify alarm until within three days; during which period the Board have been assiduously employed, not only in executing the precautionary powers deposited in their hands, but in obtaining as accurate an account as possible of the true state of the general health.
In the conflict of opinion, it is extremely difficult to arrive at the truth; but the Board submit the following as the result of their inquiries.—Ten cases of malignant fever have occurred since last Monday, and five cases of a doubtful nature, some of which have been removed into the country, or to the Marine Hospital; and four deaths.
Popular rumour has vastly exaggerated the number of these cases, whereby undue alarm has been excited. The Board are extremely anxious to impress on their fellow-citizens the impropriety of giving credit to unauthenticated reports; as they may rest assured, that as long the unfavourable state of the public health continues, a candid, undisguised account of the real situation of the city shall be regularly published.
Considerable anxiety has prevailed respecting the power of the Board to remove persons sick of malignant fever. The power which has been legally invested in the Board, and which has, for a long time, been exercised by the commissioners of the Health-Office, has, in every instance been used with the utmost delicacy and discretion. Of those patients, who were citizens, it has been left entirely at their option to provide retreats. Others, who have been removed to the Marine-Hospital, were mostly strangers, friendless and without families, and have been provided with every comfort and convenience. Should the disease continue to prevail, Bellevue Hospital will be opened. The buildings belonging to this establishment have been recently repaired with considerable improvements, and every accommodation has been liberally provided for the sick.
The part of the city, which at present appears to be the principal seat of the disease, is Water and Front-streets, between the Fly-Market and Old-slip.
By order of the Board of Health, DEWITT CLINTON, President. JAMES HARDIE, Secretary.
HEALTH OFFICE.
PHILADELPHIA, September 4, 1805.
City Hospital Report.
Admitted for the last 24 hours, ending this day at 12 o'clock. Margaret Archibald, Parram's Alley, Southwark. Barbara Myers, Front-street, below Queen-street. Mary Franklin, infant daughter do. John Johnson, Penn-street, between South and Almond-streets. Polly Von Heifsel, corner of South and Water-streets.
Died since our last report.
Margaret Hanson, 26 hours after admission. Daniel Shubert, 3 hours after admission. Mary Martin, 6 days, ill previous to admission. Discharged, Cured.
Sarah Price. Orloff, a Danish sailor. Remaining in the Hospital 24, four of whom are convalescent.
SAMUEL DUFFIELD, J. CHURCH. JOS. PARRISH, Resident Physicians. By order of the Board.
TO THE PUBLICK.
Since our last address, the malignant fever has made considerable progress in Southwark, but is still confined, with very few exceptions, between Second-street and the river, and between Almond and Christian-streets. Very few cases have appeared within the limits of the city, and those have been traced to intercourse with the infected part of Southwark.
Of these the following remain, viz. one below Chesnut-street on the wharf, one in Pewter Plate Alley, one in Front near Race-street, and one in Gaskill near Second-street.
We therefore earnestly recommend to our fellow citizens not only to avoid visiting the sick, but to avoid visiting or transacting any business in the neighbourhood where the disease exists.
To prevent the danger from intercourse with the infected, the board are determined to use the most efficacious means; and they are persuaded that their fellow citizens will aid them in the prosecution of measures, which have their preservation for their immediate object, and if supported by their co-operation, the board feel assured that they shall still be able, under divine favour, to retard the progress of the disease, and prevent it from becoming general, if not entirely suppress it.
By order of the Board EBENEZER FERGUSON Pres't WM. BINDER, Sec'y
HALIFAX, August 18.
"On the 16th inst. three line of battle ships arrived here—one of 98 guns and two 74's—they belong to admiral Cochrane's squadron, on the West-India station, and were damaged at sea in a hurricane, which lasted 19 hours. The 98 gun ship was in great distress." It was probably in the above-mentioned hurricane that the Blanche frigate was dismasted, and perhaps foundered.
This conjecture is not well founded, the Blanche has been accounted for already, being sunk by three French Frigates. Ed. Ledger.
PLYMOUTH, August 29.
"The brig Joseph, capt. Carver, who arrived here yesterday, on the 21st July, 75 leagues W. N. W. from Cape Finisterre, was boarded from the combined fleets from the West-Indies, steering for the Bay of Biscay. Particular enquiries were made by the officers respecting the British fleets off Ferrol. The French and Spanish fleets included 27 ships and 2 brigs."
"[They were but a day or two's sail from Corunna and Ferrol: where the Spaniards have 10 or 12 sail of the line, blockaded by 9 British.]"
DIED. —At Charleston the 29th of last month, General CHRISTOPHER GADSDEN, in the 82d year of his age, one of the fathers and patriots of the revolution. His devotion to his country as a statesman, in council, and as a soldier in the field, will be remembered by a grateful country. As long since as the year 1765, General Gadsden was distinguished as a zealous patriot in the cause of his country, and was then selected by South-Carolina to meet delegates from the other provinces, at New-York. He was one of that illustrious body, the first Congress, which met at Philadelphia in the year 1774.
Prices Current at Bourdeaux, July 15.
 Ashes, Pot, per Cwt. Fs. 63 a 70  Coffee, Martinico, per lb. 2 35 a 2 60  St. Domingo, 2 20 a 2 60  Bourbon, 2 40 a 2 45  Java, 2 20 a 2 40  Moka, 2 50 a 2 60  Cocoa, Carraccas, 4 a 4 25  St. Domingo and Cayenne, 2 a 2 10  Cotton, Surinam and Cayenne, 300 a 340  Brazil,  St. Domingo, 175 a 250  Windward Islands,  Bourbon, 300 a 310  Georgia, Sea Island, 200 a 275  Upland, 180 a 210  Louisiana, 190 a 215  Fustick, per Cwt. 20 a 23  Ginger, 55 a 70  Hides, Buenos Aris, 87 a 90  Brazil and Ireland, 80 a 88  Indigo, St. Domingo, per lb. 11 50 a 16  Spanish, 10 a 16  East India, 10 50 a 16  Louisiana, 10 a 15  Carolina, 6 a 9  Logwood, Campeachy, Cwt. 25 a 30  Mahogany, 30 a 60  Nankeens, ps. 6 50 a 7  Oil, Whale, Cwt. 70 a 72  Fish, 76 a 76  Spermaceti, 75  Pepper, lb. 1 45 a 1 60  Pimento, 1 40 a 1 65  Rice, Cwt. 43 a 45  Sugar, Guadalupe and Mart. 115 a 160  White clayed, 90 a 114  Brown do. 112 a 160  Havanna, White do. 85 a 110  Brown do. 85 a 112  Tea, Hysen, lb. 10 a 10 50  Hysen Skin, 6 a 6 50  Soouchong, 4 a 5 40  Congo, 3 25 a 3 50  Bohea, 1 a 1 50  Tobacco, Virginia, Cwt.  Carolina & Georgia, 105 a 115  Maryland, 
EXPORTS.
 Brandy, 1st and 2d proof, per velt, 175  4th proof, 220  London proof Cognac, 300  Wine, Com. Cargo, per ton, 200 a 300  East India, 380 a 400  Superior, 1200 a 7000  Exchange on London 25 f. per pound sterling. 
Gazette Marine Memoranda.
ARRIVED.
Brig Albert, Fraser, 42 days from Madeira, Wine, to the Master—Sch'r Lydia, Livingston, from this port arrived the day capt. F. sailed—Aug. 20, in lat. 34, 43, long. 50, spoke ship Little Mary, Waters, 42 days from Amsterdam, bound to Baltimore—On Monday, off Currituck, brig Charles, from St. Bartholomew bound to New-York.
Ship Rose, Clark, 10 days from Boston. Schooner Sarah, Gibson, 56 hours from New-York, Pork, Thomas Oliver.
Brig Wheeler, Bessom, 23 days from Vera Cruz, Ballast, Thomas Oliver.
In Hampton Roads, ship Intrepid, Steed, 50 days from Liverpool, Dry Goods, for City Point. Left there 17th July, Ships Protectress, Everit, to sail next day; Fredonia, Malcolm, same day; Peter, Nichols, in 3 days; George, Towns, in 3 days; Dumfries, Beard, in 13 days; Brig Edward & Charles, Pettigill, in 5 days; all for this port. Aug. 7, in lat. 35, long. 70, fell in with the homeward bound Jamaica Fleet, boarded by a sloop of war and had one man killed. They had lost two of the fleet one a ship that had sprung a leak was burnt, and a brig that ran ashore on the Isle of Pines.
The ship Old Tom, Waughop, and sch'r Maryland Mary, Howatt, were at Gibraltar.
The ships Argus, Chamberlain, of this port, Moses Myers, Breck, of Boston, with a number of vessels from Cadiz to the United States are detained at Gibraltar, upon what account we do not understand, but it is said on account of a breach of blockade.
The British brig Adventure from Jamaica to this port, went on shore on Friday last on Cape Henry; the cargo is all saved, but the vessel it is feared will be lost.
The ship Huntress, laden by the government of the U. S. for Malta, captured by a Spanish privateer, and recaptured, has arrived at Lancaster in England.
CUSTOM-HOUSE—ENTERED.
 Ship Hercules, Dogsworth, St. Lucar.  Brig Albert, Frazier, Madeira.  Wheeler, Bessom, Vera Cruz.  Sch'r Sarah, Gibson, New-York. 
SHIP ELIZA.
All persons having claims against said Ship, for services rendered previous to the 28th August, will please render them to James Taylor. Sept. 11. 3 142
To Lease for a term of Years, Several LOTS OF LAND, adjoining the Virginia Bank. MARY AITCHESON. Sept. 11. 9 141
LANDING.
 Out of the Brig Albert, Captain Fraser, from Madeira,  10 Pipes, Branded  20 Hogsheads, M. M.  40 Quarter Casks, M. C. 
Of the first Old London Particular Madeira WINE, warranted equal to any imported.—For sale by Robert Dickson. September 11 tf 140
LADIES FASHIONABLE SHOES.
SEVERAL Trunks of Ladies plain and fashionable LACED KID SHOES, and Gentlemen's fashionable London made do. just received by the ship Planter, Captain Boush, and for sale by Gilliat & Mackinder. September 9. tf 136
Landed from the Ship Susan, Captain Loring, LISBON WINE, In Pipes and Quarter Casks. Oliviera, Fernandes & Co. WHO HAVE JUST RECEIVED A SUPPLY OF PORT WINE, Of very superior quality—in Pipes, Hogsheads, and Quarter Casks, in Cases. September 9. tf 137
MARTIN FISK,
Has this day landed from the Ship Glory, from Liverpool, AN ELEGANT ASSORTMENT OF CUT GLASS, For family use—such as Decanters, Wine Glasses, & Tumblers July 3. tf 793
NOW LANDING,
 23 Tons FUSTICK.  78 Bags, GREEN COFFEE.  2 Barrels,  34 Hds, SUGARS—1st quality.  97 Barrels, 
For Sale by William Pennock. September 9. tf 138
PREPARING FOR THE PRESS,
And will be published early in the Spring, in one closely printed volume,
THE SPIRIT OF THE PUBLICK JOURNALS;
BEING an impartial selection of the best original Poetry, Essays, &c. and which have appeared in the newspapers of the United States during the year 1805. The Editors of Newspapers who exchange with the Baltimore Evening Post, are requested to give the above advertisement a few insertions in their papers. When published, a copy of the work will be sent to each office. August 28.
HIBBERT'S PORTER AND BROWN STOUT
Just received for the Ship Planter, from London, A QUANTITY OF Hibbert's best bottled Porter & Brown Stout. Apply to ROBERT MAITLAND & CO. August 28 tf 103
TO NON-RESIDENT LAND HOLDERS OF THE STATE OF KENTUCKY.
FROM the number of Tracts of Land exposed to sale by the Register of Taxes, it would seem that the non-resident land holders are either ignorant of our laws, or considerably embarrassed for the want of agents, in whom confidence may be placed, and whose situation and acquaintance with business will enable them to discharge with promptness the duties required of them.
That there are some who for want of information of our laws require to be done, have suffered their lands to be sold for the tax, I have no doubt, and for their information, will give a short statement of our laws on that subject. But I am sensible that many more have suffered from a misplaced confidence in agents who could not or would not attend to the duties required of them. Men who live at a distance from Frankfort, where taxes on non-residents' land are paid, must find it more inconvenient to discharge the duties of an agent than a citizen of the town. Yet it is believed that at least nineteen twentieths of those gentlemen who act as agents for non-residents live dispersed at considerable distances from this place. And to this cause may be attributed a great part of their omissions and neglect of duty. For it may happen that at the time of receiving money it is out of their power to pay it immediately into the treasury, but they think it shall be done as soon as a fit opportunity occurs; in the mean time some pressing occasion or pleasing speculation induces them to make use of it, which they cannot again collect till the lands are sold. But a citizen of the town could always pay over the money on receiving it, which would often save the costs of advertising the lands. And opportunities of transmitting money to this place are more safe and frequent than to most other places in the state, as the post from the eastward arrives here twice, and from the southward and westward once a week; besides private conveyances which are numerous. If there should be any danger apprehended from the mail being robbed, the bank bills may be cut into two or more pieces and transmitted by different posts. These, among other reasons which might be adduced, have induced me to believe that a person in whom confidence could be placed, living at this place, and acquainted with business, who would take upon himself the payment of taxes for non residents on a moderate commission would receive encouragement. I have therefore determined to offer my services to non residents and others, who may wish business of the kind done at this place, on the following terms:—
On being furnished with money in time, I will attend the respective offices, pay the taxes, procure quietus therefor, and transmit duplicates thereof to the proprietors of the land to the nearest post office where they reside for fifty cents on each tract of land, and 5 per centum on the amount of the tax, &c charged thereon. As it will be necessary that regular accounts should be kept of the money received and paid away by me, I presume these terms will not be thought high.
For the information of those who may require it, I have subjoined the following statement and certificate. By the present laws of Kentucky, non residents who claim lands within the same, are compelled to enter their lands for taxation with the auditor of publick accounts before the 1st day of October, 1805, or such claims will become forfeited to the state. The entries must describe if possible the situation and quality of the land, in whose name it was entered, surveyed and patented. The tax laid on their lands becomes due on the 1st day of February annually, and if not paid by the first day of October following, carries interest from that time till paid, to per cent. per annum. The auditor is directed to transmit to the register a list of such lands as are not paid on (and this he commonly does by the first day of May annually) and the register is required to have the same published three months in the paper of the publick printer, before the first Monday in November, at which time the sales of such lands commence and continue from day to day at the door of the State House till all are sold that are not paid on. The costs of advertising is charged to the proprietor of the land and added to the tax. The lands thus sold cannot be redeemed without the consent of the purchaser.
ACHILLES SNEED.
Frankfort, (Ken.) July 20, 1805. We the Subscribers being informed by Achilles Sneed, Clerk of the Court of Appeals, and a resident of the town of Frankfort, that he wishes to be employed on commission by non residents, who claim land in Kentucky, to pay their taxes for them; do hereby certify that our acquaintance with said Sneed induces us to believe that he will transact such business with strict integrity and punctuality, and will give complete satisfaction to all who employ him. Given under our hands this 6th day of July, 1805.
William Steele, Christopher Greenup, Farry Innes, Caleb Wallace, John Jordan, j.m. Joseph Crockett, Matthew Walton, John Breckenridge, Jas. Barbour, of Vir. J. Hughes, A. Caldwell, James Morrison, John Rowan, J. H. Davisson, Christopher M'Conico, George Johnson, George Madison, John Logan, H. Taylor, E. Marshall, George Clarke, Henry Clay, John Fowler, Thomas Todd, Thomas Carneal, George Mutter, Thomas Tunsall, Samuel M'Dowel, William Hunter.
N. B. Inquiries into the title, situation, and quality of land will be made, and any other business to be transacted at the publick offices of this place will be done, on a moderate compensation. All letters addressed to me on those subjects (post paid) will be duly attended to. A. S.
The printers of the following papers are requested to give the above three insertions; and transmit their accounts to the Editor of the Palladium, in Frankfort, (Ken.) viz. The Boston Centinel; Philadelphia Gazette, and Aurora; Evening Post, of New-York; The True American, of Trenton; The Baltimore Telegraph; The Republican Advocate, of Frederick Town, (Maryland); The Norfolk Ledger; The Enquirer, of Richmond; The Winchester Centinel; The Raleigh Register; The Charleston Courier and the Georgia Republican.
FOR SALE, BY THE SUBSCRIBER,
AT HIS LUMBER YARD ON CALVERT'S WHARF, 700,000 SALE SHINGLES. 50,000 BUILDING do. 50,000 STAVES—White and Red Oak. 1,000 CYPRESS PALES. 5,000 CEDAR and CHINQUEPIN POSTS. Also shall keep a supply of PLANK and SCANTLING. Thomas H. Parker. August 19. tf 77
FOR BOURDEAUX,
The Ship SHEFFIELD, JOSIAH COWPER, Master:— Will take eighty hogsheads tobacco, or other goods equivalent, on freight, the remainder of her cargo being engaged. Three passengers can be accommodated.—Apply to the Master.
WHO HAS FOR SALE,
A FEW CASES OF LIQUEURS, Of superior quality, at prime cost. September 6. tf 132
I intend to leave this State for some time.
August 19. tf 80 John Davidson.
NOW LANDING
From on board the Brig Fame, from Havana, and Schooner Lydia, from Antigua, 170 Hogsheads MOLASSES. 129 do. RUM. For sale by William Pennock. May 27. tf 716
NEW CUT-NAIL MANUFACTORY,
ON TOWN POINT, A small distance below County Wharf, Wide Water Street.
THE Subscriber has, at a considerable expense, fitted up, in addition to his other business, a complete set of machinery, adequate to finish 500 to 600 lbs. of Nails daily. He is also provided with a good stock of Iron; and with a sufficient number of skilful workmen.
He has on hand a constant supply of Nails, Flooring Brads, and Sprigs, which he offers for Sale at the reduced prices as follows, by the keg, viz.
 10d, 12d, 20d, Nails, 8d per lb.  8d, do. 9d per lb.  Sheathing do. 7 1-2d per lb.  6d, do. 10d per lb.  4d, do. 3s. per M.  3d, do. 2s 7 1-2d  8d, 10d, 12d, and 20d

DESERTION.
DESERTED from this Garrison on Monday the 19th instant, WILLIAM G. THOMPSON , a private in my Company of Artillerists. He is 32 years old, 5 feet 7 1-2 inches high, dark hair and complexion, born in Lancaster county, Pennsylvania. Ten Dollars will be given as a reward on his delivery at this post.
J. Saunders,
Captain U. S. Artillery Commanding. Fort Nelson, August 30. tf 108
WANTED IMMEDIATELY, Rough White Oak Hhd. and Bbl. STAVES, AND A FEW TONS SASSAFRAS ROOT.
Apply to
Moses Myers.
August 23. 3w 91
THE SUBSCRIBER
HAS RECEIVED BY THE BRIG BETSEY, FROM HAVANNA, 120 Tons CAMPECHE LOG WOOD, of the 1st quality. 70 Logs of MAHOGANY. 100 Boxes White and Brown SUGAR. 36 Hogsheads MOLASSES.
ALSO—ON HAND,
66 Pipes, } TENERIFFE WINE. 40 Hogsheads, } 25 Quarter Casks, } 3 Pipes VINEGAR. 40 Barrels WANUTS. 8 Hlds. } PENINGTON'S LOAF SUGAR. 60 Bbls. } 12 Hogsheads St. Martin's SUGAR. A few Logs St. Domingo MAHOGANY.
The whole of which will be sold on very moderate terms, for approved paper.
Edward Roberts.
August 21. tf 87
REMOVAL.
JAMES TUCKER,
Has removed to No. 1, Holt's Lane, near Main-Street, WHERE HE OFFERS FOR SALE, ON REASONABLE TERMS, HIS STOCK IN TRADE,
CONSISTING OF A GENERAL ASSORTMENT OF HARDWARE, NAILS, &c.
May 8. tf 659
TO RENT,
THE Warehouses at present occupied by James Herron on my wharf, capable of storing 4,000 barrels flour, and free from danger of high tides—Possession may be had of them on the first of September next; if agreeable, the Wharf may be had with them.
Also, for Lease, for a term of Years,
The Wharf adjoining mine, newly repaired, 56 1-2 feet in front, running back from 2 to 250 feet, with sufficient well made ground for the erection of warehouses— at the end of the wharf, there is water for any ship, with a convenient Lumber Yard. For terms apply to
John Davis.
Portsmouth, July 29. 2awtf 25
COW-POX.
THOSE persons who wish to avoid catching the Small- Pox which now exists in this Borough, are informed that the subscriber has again succeeded in introducing the Vaccine Infection, and that he now has several arms to inoculate from.
* He has returned to his old shop at the lower end of the new market.
George Balfour.
An APPRENTICE wanted. Nov. 16. tf 526
FOR SALE,
12 Puncheons ANTIGUA RUM. 15 do. GRENADA do. 5 Pipes HOLLAND GIN. 20 do. COUNTRY do. 12 do. FRENCH BRANDY. 2 do. ALICANT do. 22 Qr. Casks SHERRY WINE. 10 do. MALAGA do. PORT and CLARET WINE, in casks & bottles. 6 Barrels PORK—and about 1000 Dozen PORTER, or my last winters flock, equal to any imported.
Joseph Hayes.
August 24. tf
NORFOLK HOTEL.
THE Subscriber informs his friends and the publick, that he has opened an HOTEL in that convenient house formerly the NAVY TAVERN No. 128 Main-Street, where he hopes by his attention, to give satisfaction to those who may favour him with their company.
He will always keep the best liquors: and Private Parties will be furnished with Dinners, Suppers, or Relishes, at the shortest notice.
BOARDERS accommodated by the week, month, or year
Henry Benbridge.
October 9. tf 170
LANDING THIS DAY ON OUR WHARF,
From on board the Martha & Mary , from Grenada, 86 Puncheons RUM. 20 Hogsheads MOLASSES. 1 Puncheon SHRUB. 1 Barrel LIME JUICE.
And from on board the British Brig Brothers , from Kingston.
40,000 lbs. Prime Jamaica COFFEE.
IN STORE,
50,000 lbs. Prime Jamaica COFFEE. 36,000 lbs. Porto Rico do. 20 Barrels Baltimore LOAF SUGAR. 150 Barrels Superfine FLOUR. 50 Hogsheads Petersburg TOBACCO. 20 Puncheons Grenada RUM. 20 Barrels Prime PORK. 25 Bales Upland COTTON.
All of which we will dispose of on moderate terms.
C. & F. Whittle.
August 2. tf 33
LEVIN DORSEY,
On Town Point—Wide Water-Street.
Has Received by the Dumfries, from London, in addition to his former assortment of
MATHEMATICAL INSTRUMENTS, &c.
2 Adams's Patent Globes—12 inches.
Brass and Wood Compasses—Assorted.
Quadrants.
Night and Day Telescopes—Assorted.
Telescopes for Day only.
Patent Time Glasses.
From 1-4 to 1-2 minute, and for one and two hours.
Gunter's Scales and Dividers—Assorted.
Charts, for the West-Indies, and America.
Moore's Epitome and Daily Assistant.
And has on hand,
Blunt's American Practical Navigator—Last edition, with a copious appendix.
Blunt's American Coast Pilot.
Also for Sale,
Bell-Mettle Skiflets of Superior Quality.
Carriage Wheel Boxes, Bouches, and
Solid Brass Sheeves—Assorted.
Hoop and Baltimore Bar-Iron—Assorted.
All kinds of Mathematical Instruments Repaired, as usual.
April 26. tf 628
300 Barrels Superfine FLOUR,
For sale by
James Maurice & Co.
September 2. tf 119
FOR A FRENCH PORT IN THE CHANNEL,
The good Brig
JOHN,
Captain WOLFEY —
Burthen about 180 tons—can be ready to
take a cargo in a few days, and will receive a few hogsheads
of tobacco on a moderate freight. For terms, apply to
John Newell, jun.
tf 139
THE SCHOONER
EAGLE,
Captain GROSS —
Will take freight for Boston—Apply to the
Master on board, at Commerce Street
John & James Galwey.
tf 131
FOR FREIGHT OR CHARTER,
(To a Port in France,)
The fine new Ship,
SUSAN,
Captain LORING —
Burthen 350 hogsheads tobacco. Will be ready for the
reception of a cargo in ten days. For terms, apply to Captain
Loring, or
Donaldson, Thorburn & Co.
WHO HAVE THE CARGO OF SAID SHIP FOR SALE,
CONSISTING OF ABOUT
5,500 Bushels LIBON SALT.
And some choice Old WINE, in quarter casks.
September 6. tf 133
FOR FREIGHT OR CHARTER,
The American Ship
INDIA PACKET,
William Rindge, Master,
Burthen 400 hhd. Tobacco. Apply to the master on board,
or to
Phinehas Dana, & Co.
Who have received per said ship from St. Lucia,
139 quarter casks SHERRY WINE,
for sale on moderate terms.
August 9. tf 56
FOR FREIGHT OR CHARTER,
The good American Ship
JOHN,
A. M. SPALDING, Master —
297 tons burthen, a staunch, strong, tight
vessel, now in complete order for the reception of a cargo—
For terms apply to the Captain on board, or
Richard Blow.
July 22. tf 13
FOR SALE, FREIGHT, OR CHARTER,
The Ship
PLANTER,
Burthen 400 hogsheads of tobacco, in complete order and will be ready to receive a
cargo, in ten days. For terms apply to William Mackenzie &
Co. Richmond, or
John Mackenzie & Co.,
Holt's Wharf.
WHO HAVE FOR SALE,
100 Hogsheads RICHMOND TOBACCO.
79 Kegs Manufactured do.
10 Bales COTTON.
100 Barrels of 4, 6, 8, 10, and 20d. NAILS.
August 30. 3w 105
WANTED TO CHARTER,
A SHIP
Of from 200 to 300 tons burthen, to load
with Lumber for a Port in Jamaica—Apply to
Robert Maitland & Co.
August 30. 4w 106
FOR SALE, FREIGHT, OR CHARTER,
The well known, fast sailing Ship
TWO GENERALS,
ALEXANDER CUNNINGHAM, Master —
Burthen 300 hogsheads tobacco, or 2400
barrels—The Two Generals is a new ship, has made only
four voyages to Europe, and always delivered her cargo in
good order. A freight for Bourdeaux will be preferred, at a
moderate price. She will be ready to receive a cargo in a
few days. For terms, apply to
Theo. Armistead.
August 28. 5w 110
FOR FREIGHT OR CHARTER,
The good American Brig
DANUBE,
GILBERT HOWLAND, Master —
Having made only one voyage—burthen
194 tons, now in complete order for the reception of a cargo—
will carry about 1800 barrels flour, or 220 hogsheads tobacco.
For terms apply to the Captain on board, or
Richard Blow.
WHO OFFERS FOR SALE,
20,000 Drawn White Oak Pipe STAVES.
August 26. tf 94
FOR LONDON,
The American Ship
RE-UNION.
Two thirds of her cargo being engaged, it is
expected she will sail by the 15th next
month. For freight or passage, apply to
Warren Ashley.
August 23. tf 88
FOR SALE,
The British built Brig
JANE,
Burthen 136 tons per Register—copper
and sails uncommonly fast. The inventor
to be seen at our counting house—a liberal credit will be
given. Also,
58 Hogsheads,
28 Tierces,
56 Barrels, } PRIME ANTIGUA SUGARS.
Landing this day, from on board the said Brig.
C. & F. Whittle.
August 25. tf 90
FOR FREIGHT OR CHARTER,
(To any Port in Europe,)
The staunch, fast sailing Portuguese Ship
PAZ TRIUMPHO,
PHILIP TRISADA, Master —
Burthen 350 tons, will be ready in 3 days for the reception
of a cargo. For terms, apply to
Oliveira, Fernandes & Co.
August 23. 6w 89
FOR LIVERPOOL,
The good Ship
MONTECELLO,
to sail by the 20th of September. Tobacco
or cotton, will be taken in on low freight, if
immediate application is made to R. Maitland and Christian,
Petersburg, or to
Robert Maitland & Co.
August 19. 4w 82
FOR NANTZ,
The good, fast sailing Ship
BRUTUS,
Captain PENDERGAST.
Burthen 970 hhd. or thereabouts—a vessel
well calculated to carry tobacco to France. For freight or
passage, having excellent accommodations, apply to the
Master on board, lying at Mr. Blow's wharf, Portsmouth, or
Thomas Payson & Co.
At Mr. Fisk's Store.
August 14. tf 74
CADIZ SALT,
For Sale on board the Jesse , Captain Ferris , from Cadiz,
lying at my wharf, Gosport, which will be sold low, if
taken from along side. Apply on board, or to
William Pennock.
Who offers said Brig for Charter;
she carries 260 hogsheads tobacco—
will be ready to receive a cargo in a
few days.
ALSO—FOR CHARTER,
The Copper bottomed Ship
THOMAS,
Burthen three hundred hogsheads tobacco,
and now ready to receive a cargo.
August 2. tf 33
FOR SALE—BY THE SUBSCRIBER,
75 Puncheons Winward Island RUM.
6 do. 4th proof