The Patowmac guardian, and Berkeley advertiser (Shepherdstown, Va. [W. Va.]), 1792-08-20 00:00:00

The POTOMAC GUARDIAN, and BERKELEY ADVERTISER.
PRICE TWO DOLLARS PER ANN.
MONDAY, AUGUST 20, 1792.
[NUMBER 92—VOL. 2.]
WHERE LIBERTY DWELLS, THERE IS MY COUNTRY.
Franklin.
CONSTITUTION, OR FORM OF GOVERNMENT, FOR THE STATE OF KENTUCKY.
ARTICLE VI.
(Concluded from our last)
Sec. 1. Sheriffs, and Coroners, shall at the times and places of election, be qualified to vote for representatives. They shall hold their offices for three years, if they shall so long behave themselves well, and until a successor be duly qualified; but no person shall be twice chosen or appointed Sheriff in any term of six years. Vacancies in either of the said offices, shall be filled by a new appointment to be made by the Governor, to continue until the next general election, and until a successor shall be chosen and qualified as aforesaid.
Sec. 2. The free men of this commonwealth shall be armed and disciplined for its defence. Those who conscientiously scruple to bear arms, shall not be compelled to do so; but shall pay an equivalent for personal service.
Sec. 3. The field and staff officers of the militia shall be appointed by the Governor, except the Battalion staff officers, who shall be appointed by the field officers of each Battalion respectively.
Sec. 4. The officers of companies shall be chosen by the persons enrolled in the list of each company, and the whole shall be commissioned during good behaviour, and during their residence in the bounds of the Battalion or company to which they shall be appointed.
Sec. 5. Each court shall appoint its own clerk, who shall hold his office during good behaviour, but no person shall be appointed clerk, only pro tempore, who shall not produce to the court appointing him, a certificate from a majority of the judges of the court of Appeals, that he hath been examined by their clerk in their presence, and under their direction, and that they judge him to be well qualified to execute the office of clerk to any court of the same dignity with that for which he offers himself. They shall be removable for breach of good behaviour, by the court of Appeals only, who shall be judges of the fact as well as of the law. Two thirds of the members present must concur in the sentence.
Sec. 6. All commissions shall be in the name and by the authority of the State of Kentucky, and be sealed with the State seal, and signed by the Governor.
Sec. 7. The state treasurer shall be appointed annually by the joint ballot of both houses.
ARTICLE VII.
Sec. 1. Members of the General Assembly, and all officers, Executive and Judicial, before they enter upon the execution of their respective offices, shall take the following oath or affirmation: "I do solemnly swear (or affirm, as the case may be) that I will be faithful and true to the commonwealth of Kentucky, so long as I continue a citizen thereof, and that I will faithfully execute to the best of my abilities the office of _____ according to law."
ARTICLE VIII.
Sec. 1. Treason against the commonwealth, shall consist only in levying war against it, or in adhering to its enemies, giving them aid and comfort. No person shall be convicted of treason, unless on the testimony of two witnesses to the same overt act, or on his own confession in open court.
Sec. 2. Laws shall be made to exclude from office and from suffrage, those who shall thereafter be convicted of bribery, perjury, forgery or other high crimes or misdemeanors. The privilege of free suffrage, shall be supported by laws regulating elections, and prohibiting under adequate penalties, all undue influence thereon from power, bribery, tumult or other improper practices.
Sec. 3. No money shall be drawn from the Treasury, but in consequence of appropriations made by law, nor shall any appropriations of money for the support of an army, be made for a longer term than one year, and a regular statement and account of the receipts and expenditures of all public money, shall be published annually.
Sec. 4. The legislature shall direct by law, in what manner and in what courts, suits may be brought against the commonwealth.
Sec. 5. The manner of administering an oath or affirmation, shall be such as is most consistent with the conscience of the deponent, and shall be esteemed by the legislature the most solemn appeal to God.
Sec. 6. All laws now in force in the State of Virginia, not inconsistent with this Constitution, which are of a general nature, and not local to the eastern part of that State, shall be in force in this State, until they shall be altered or repealed by the legislature.
Sec. 7. The compact with the state of Virginia, subject to such alterations as may be made therein, agreeably to the mode prescribed by the said compact, shall be considered as a part of this constitution.
ARTICLE IX.
Sec. 1. The legislature shall have no power to pass laws for the emancipation of slaves without the consent of their owners, or without paying their owners, previous to such emancipation, a toll equivalent in money, for the slaves so emancipated. They shall have no power to prevent the grants to this State, from bringing with them such persons as are deemed slaves by the laws of any one of the United States, so long as any person of the same age or description, shall be continued in slavery by the laws of this State: That they shall pass laws to permit the owners of slaves to emancipate them, saving the rights of creditors, and preventing them from becoming a charge to the county in which they reside. They shall have full power to prevent Slaves being brought into this State as merchandise. They shall have full power to prevent any slaves being brought into this State from a foreign country, and to prevent those from being brought into this State, who have been since the first day of January one thousand seven hundred and eighty-nine, or may hereafter be imported into any of the United States from a foreign country. And they shall have full power to pass such laws as may be necessary to oblige the owners of slaves to treat them with humanity, to provide for them necessary clothing and provision, to abstain from all injuries to them extending to life or limb, and in case of their neglect, or refusal to comply with the directions of such laws, to have such slave or slaves sold for the benefit of their owner or owners.
ARTICLE X.
Sec. 1. The place for the seat of government shall be fixed in the following manner. The House of Representatives, shall during their session, which shall be held in the year one thousand, seven hundred and ninety two, chose by ballot, twenty-one persons, from whom the representation from Mercer and Fayette counties then present, shall alternately strike out one, until the number shall be reduced to five, who or any three of them concurring in opinion, shall have power to fix on the place for the seat of government, to receive grants from individuals therefor, and to make such conditions with the proprietors of the land so pitched on by them, as to them shall seem right, and shall be agreed to by the said proprietors; and lay off a town thereon, in such manner as they shall judge most proper.
Sec. 2. The General Assembly and the Supreme courts shall within five years, hold their sessions at the place so pitched upon by the said commissioners; and the seat of Government so fixed, shall continue until it shall be changed by two thirds of both branches of the Legislature. The commissioners, before they proceed to act, shall take an oath or make affirmation that they will discharge the trust reposed in them, in such manner, as in their judgment will be most beneficial to the State at large.
ARTICLE XI.
Sec. 1. That the citizens of this State may have an opportunity to amend or change this Constitution in a peaceable manner, it to them it shall seem expedient; the persons qualified to vote for Representatives, shall at the general election to be held in the year, one thousand seven hundred and ninety seven, vote also, by ballot, for or against a Convention, as they shall severally chuse to do; and if thereupon it shall appear that a majority of all the citizens in the State voting for Representatives, have voted for a convention, the General Assembly shall direct that a similar ballot shall be taken the next year; and if thereupon, it shall also appear that a majority of all the citizens of the State, voting for Representatives, have voted for a convention, the General Assembly shall at their next session, call a convention to consist of as many Members as there shall be in the House of Representatives, to be chosen in the same manner, at the same places and at the same time that Representatives are, by the citizens entitled to vote for Representatives, and to meet within 3 months after the said election, for the purpose of re-adopting, amending or changing this constitution. If it shall appear upon the ballot of either year, that a majority of the citizens voting for Representatives is not in favour of a convention being called, it shall not be done until two thirds of both branches of the legislature shall deem it expedient.
ARTICLE XII.
That the general, great and essential principles of liberty and free government may be recognized and established; we declare,
SECTION 1. That all men, when they form a social compact, are equal, and that no man or set of men, are entitled to exclusive separate public emoluments or privileges from the community, but in consideration of public services.
Sec. 2. That all power is inherent in the people and all free governments are founded on their authority and instituted for their peace, safety, and happiness. For the advancement of these ends,
they have at all times an unalienable and indefeasible right to alter, reform or abolish their government, in such manner as they may think proper.
Sec. 3. That all men have natural and indefeasible right to worship Almighty God, according to the dictates of their own consciences; that no man can of right be compelled to attend, erect or support any place of worship or to maintain any ministry against his consent; that no human authority can in any case whatever, control or interfere with the rights of conscience; and that no preference shall ever be given by law, to any religious societies or modes of worship.
Sec. 4. That the civil rights, privileges, or capacities of any citizen shall in no wise be diminished or enlarged on account of his religion.
Sec. 5. That all elections shall be free and equal.
Sec. 6. That trial by jury shall be as heretofore, and the right thereof remain inviolate.
Sec. 7. That Printing Presses shall be free to every person who undertakes to examine the proceedings of the legislature or any branch of government; and no law shall ever be made to restrain the right thereof. The free communication of thoughts and opinions is one of the invaluable rights of man, and every citizen may freely speak; write and print on any subject, being responsible for the abuse of that liberty.
Sec. 8. In prosecutions for the publication of papers, investigating the official conduct of officers or men in a public capacity, or where the matter published is proper for public information the truth thereof may be given in evidence. And in all indictments for libels, the jury shall have a right to determine the law and the facts, under the direction of the court as in other cases.
Sec. 9. That the people shall be secure in their persons, houses, papers and possessions, from unreasonable seizures and searches; and that no warrant to search any place; or to seize any persons or things, shall issue without describing them as early as may be, nor without probable cause supported by oath or affirmation.
Sec. 10. That in all criminal prosecutions, the accused hath a right to be heard by himself and his counsel; to demand the nature and cause of the accusation against him, to meet the witnesses face to face, to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor; and in prosecutions by indictment or information, a speedy public trial by an impartial jury of the vicinage; that he cannot be compelled to give evidence against himself, nor can he be deprived of his life, liberty or property, unless by the judgment of his peers or the law of the land.
Sec. 11. That no person shall for any indictable offence be proceeded against criminally by information; except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the militia when in actual service, in time of war or in public danger, or by leave of the court for oppression or misdemeanor in office.
Sec. 12. No person shall, for the same offence, be twice put in jeopardy of his life or limb, nor shall any man's property be taken or applied to public use without the consent of his representatives, and without just compensation being previously made to him.
Sec. 13. That all courts shall be open, and every person for an injury done him in his lands, goods, person, or reputation, shall have remedy by the due course of law; and right and justice administered, without sale, denial or delay.
Sec. 14. That no power of suspending laws shall be exercised, unless by the legislature or its authority.
Sec. 15. That excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, or cruel punishments inflicted.
Sec. 16. That all prisoners shall be bailable by sufficient sureties, unless for capital offences, when the proof is evident or presumption great; and the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus, shall not be suspended, unless when in cases of rebellion or invasion, the public safety may require it.
Sec. 17. That the person of a debtor, where there is not strong presumption of fraud, shall not be continued in prison after delivering up his estate for the benefit of his creditors, in such manner as shall be described by law.
Sec. 18. That no ex post facto law, nor any law impairing contracts shall be made.
Sec. 19. That no person shall be attainted of treason or felony by the legislature.
Sec. 20. That no attainder shall work corruption of blood, nor except during the life of the offender, forfeiture of estate to the commonwealth.
Sec. 21. That the estates of such persons as shall destroy their own lives, shall descend or vest as in case of natural death, and if any person shall be killed by casualty, there shall be no forfeiture by reason thereof.
Sec. 22. That the citizens have a right in a peaceable manner to assemble together for their common good, and to apply to those invested with the

powers of government, for redress of grievances or other proper purposes by petition, address or remonstrance.
Sec. 23. That the rights of the citizens to bear arms in defence of themselves and the state shall not be questioned.
That no standing army shall in time of peace, be kept up without the consent of the legislature, and the military shall, in all cases and at all times, be in strict subordination to the civil power.
Sec. 25. That no soldier shall in time of peace, be quartered in any house, without the consent of the owner, nor in time of war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law.
Sec. 26. That the legislature shall not grant any title of nobility or hereditary distinction, nor create any office the appointment to which shall be for a longer term than during good behavior.
Sec. 27. That emigration from the state shall not be prohibited.
Sec. 28. To guard against transgressions of the high powers which we have delegated, — WE DECLARE, that every thing in this article is excepted out of the general powers of government, and shall forever remain inviolate; and that all laws contrary thereto, or contrary to this constitution shall be void.
(Want of room obliges us to omit the Schedule annexed to the foregoing Constitution, until our next.)
FOREIGN ADVICES.
PARIS, May 31.
THE Minister of the Foreign Affairs has communicated to the assembly, in the name of the King, the substance of the declaration which the King of the French had sent to the King of England and afterwards read the answer which the English Minister had made in the name of his King to M. Chauvelin. The purport of it is, that the King of England, sensible of the good intentions of his Most Christian Majesty, is extremely sorry at the declaration of war between France and the King of Hungary. Humanity, the peace of Europe, and the prosperity of the belligerent Powers, render his Britannic Majesty interested in it; but without searching into the motives from whence it originated, his Majesty does not hesitate to declare, directly and positively, that he will maintain the treaty of commerce subsisting between England and France. His Majesty, faithful to his engagements, expects a similar conduct on the part of France, and that his rights, and those of his allies, will be equally respected. Annexed was the Royal Proclamation issued at London the 25th of May.
By a Letter from Conde, in the department of the North, we are informed of another skirmish on the 27th. The enemy advanced in three columns, to the number of between two and three thousand, against the posts of Coq, Makow, and La Chaussee. They advanced even to the glacis of Conde, where a brisk action took place. General Luckner sent several detachments to support the posts, and after maintaining the attack for one hour and an half, the Austrians retreated, leaving 50 dead, and three horses. The French had 3 killed, 4 wounded, and 3 taken prisoners.
L O N D O N.
June 1. Yesterday's Flanders mail brought the Austrian account of the skirmish at Florennes.
It appears that the troops under General Count Staray consisted of 25 companies of infantry and chasurs, and four squadrons of light horse.
Three cannon, and the carriage of a fourth, were abandoned by the French during their retreat, and afterwards taken possession of by the Austrians.
Return of the killed and wounded—killed eight, wounded twenty.
In Dublin some disturbances have been occasioned by combinations among the journeymen wool-combers, flax-dressers, and rope-makers, for an advance of wages.
Extract of a letter from Paris, May 21.
"It is all over, I believe, with the National Assembly."
"The emigrants 20,000 strong, all officers and gentlemen, with the Prussians, Austrians, and Sardinians, who will, on the 20th of next month, compose a junction of 180,000 (in all 200,000) having nothing but the lightest artillery, will march directly to Paris, passing by every other place — Two whole regiments or cavalry have just deserted from the French army."
"We must, I believe, quit this place."
June 5. The French army is assembling in great force about Meus, with a view to make a grand attack.
A design has been formed to poison the King of Sardinia. Timely intimation of it was however given; upon the receipt of which his Sardinian Majesty ordered all the avenues to his palace to be shut up, and every individual of his household to be searched. Poison, it is said, was found in the possession of two of his cooks, who were both Frenchmen.
June 7. An armed and reckless mob assemble round the palace of "the King of the French"; they obscure the old heraldry of France which decorates the gate, with fantastical devices of ribbons and the Bonnet Rouge, the clamour of Ca Ira drowns the small voice of sober patriotism. Every person that attaches to the Royal Family is in danger from these violences; the same may be said of the family themselves. — It continues to be circulated, that the King has a design to fly the National Cause, and to know how he is now treated by the Mayor (Petion).
and his creatures the Municipality, that no one would be led to wonder if he were to attempt an escape, though it is generally apprehended that such an attempt would be fatal to him.
From the London Gazette.
JUNE 8. Vienna, May 16. Her Imperial Majesty, the Empress Dowager of Germany, whose health had long been declining, died yesterday, between twelve and one o'clock at noon.
UNITED STATES.
NEW-YORK, August 4.
The British packet Halifax, Capt. Boulderson, arrived here, on Wednesday last, in 49 days from Falmouth, bringing papers to June 9. There appears but little intelligence in these papers, and even that little we cannot even compendiumize this day. It would seem by the gross, that, effecting a counter revolution in France is not the sole object of its surrounding armies. The period for great actions has not yet arrived. The French behaved nobly at Florennes, against double their force, and obtained the field of battle, notwithstanding detraction; so says La Fayette, and this we echo with exultation.
A very considerable number of Irish emigrants have arrived in this, and other states, during the last month. Report says, that the spirit of emigration is so prevalent in Ireland, especially in the northern and eastern parts, that the lower and middling classes would universally remove to this side of the Atlantic, could they but find ships to bring them off.
At a numerous meeting of the citizens of Philadelphia, last Wednesday evening, a committee was chosen to report to the meeting the names of five persons, as conferees in a general conference, proposed to be held by them, and other persons from the several counties of that commonwealth, for the purpose of forming and proposing tickets with the names of proper persons to be voted for at the next election of Representatives in Congress, and of electors or President and Vice President of the United States. The committee having withdrawn, after some time, returned and reported the following gentlemen as conferees, viz. George Latimer, Robert Waln, John Baker, William Lewis, and Isaac Wharton; and as a committee of correspondence, William Rawle, Richard Wells, Hillary Baker, John Wilcocks, and Benjamin R. Morgan. The citizens met last Friday evening, to take the report into consideration, and to determine on suitable instructions to the conferees to be finally chosen.
The postscript of a letter from Amsterdam, dated June 1, to a gentleman in this city, says, that the King of Prussia had declared war against the Empress of Russia.
PHILADELPHIA, August 9.
Extract of a letter from Paris, May 24.
"It is an important fact, that the whole plan and conduct of the war is left to the Generals themselves, without the knowledge or other co-operation of the ministers than what shall fall into their several departments of providing the necessary supplies, directing the reinforcements, &c. &c. — But all plans of attack, of defence, of co-operation, &c. are to be framed by the Generals of the three armies, without being communicated to the ministers. Accordingly, on the 19th inst. Messrs. Rochambeau, Luckner, and La Fayette held a conference at Valenciennes, in which the plan of the campaign was settled, and it will remain in their breasts, until it shall be developed by its operations. They addressed to all the military commanders packets, which were not to be opened until a certain day."
Extract of a letter to a gentleman in this City, dated Columbia, Kentucky, June 19.
"The Indians from time to time steal our horses — I am clearly of opinion that since the first settlement they have stolen horses to the amount of upwards of 3000, that is from Columbia alone and its vicinity."
"They now and then kill some of our citizens and scalp them, or carry them into a horrid captivity. The latter end of April they killed within 3 miles of Columbia a Mr. James Nevil, a lieutenant in our militia — a young man of great worth; they nearly skinned his head all over in taking off his scalp. The loss of this valuable member of society was greatly regretted, and was a very severe blow to his afflicted mother, who had but a few months before followed her husband to the grave; and was left with several small children, leaning and depending in a great measure on this her dear son — he was brought in and buried with great decency; the Rev. John Smith preached a funeral sermon on the occasion. A Mr. Ball was killed or taken prisoner at the same time; he has not since been heard of. A Mr. Orent who was in company received two wounds, but got in and is nearly recovered. About the beginning of May, 3 men were killed at Dunlap's station — and within a few weeks two men were killed on the road between Cincinnati and Lexington. Three ambassadors are sent to the different Indian nations, to negotiate a peace; a Mr. Gerard, an inhabitant of Columbia to the Shawanese; Major Trueman to the Delawares; and Col. Harding to the Wyan-dots (as I am informed). We have as yet no news from them and grow uneasy on their account."
"The Indians who are prisoners at Fort-Walshington, behave as I am told with great fortitude and propriety; and are industrious in their way, when they can get anything to do, and seem anxious to procure wampum. The Indian Queen is well — a week or two ago Major Trueman asked her acceptance of a guinea, which she seemed not to know the value of, but being informed it would procure
her so much wampum, she accepted it with becoming gratitude, since which their greatest artists have been busily employed in making a belt of the most brilliant kind; and they had finished this, they took a man of great humanity and goodness of heart, who on all occasions had sympathized with them in their captivity; and with all the ceremonies of Royalty crowned him King of their nation — after the Coronation the Queen approached and paid him all that homage due to his Majesty, her rightful sovereign — after which all the rest in due order approached and paid their obeisance. They had procured for him all the kingly robes in their power, and dressed him in the grand belt of wampum they had made."
On Wednesday evening the British June Packet arrived at New-York, and the letters were received, by express, at the Post-Office in this city yesterday afternoon. Those letters announce they were going on well in France, and the exchange between that nation and England was rising; which is the best evidence of public opinion being favourable to the cause of Liberty in that country — and that Poland was invaded by the Russians who were determined to oppose the adoption of the new constitution in that country.
BALTIMORE, August 14.
A vessel arrived at New-York, from Barbadoes, brings an Account (which, however, is not published as well authenticated) that Tippoo Saib had ceded One Half of his Territories to Great-Britain and her Indian Allies, with Three Millions of Money, and that two of Tippoo's sons had been left with Earl Cornwallis, as Hostages for the due Performance of his Engagements.
An Account from England, (via Lisbon) mentions, that Great-Britain is acting out a strong Naval Armament, and it is conjectured, (by the Politicians in England) that the British Government will offer their Mediation between France and the German belligerent Powers.
An Account from Lisbon, of the 11th of June, says, "It is apprehended here, that a GENERAL WAR in Europe will speedily take place." — May HEAVEN avert such a dreadful Calamity!
Few Thunder-Gusts have exceeded the awful Sublimity of that which was experienced on Friday Evening last, though, as yet, we do not learn that its effects were equal to its terrific Appearance — as we hear of but one Victim to its Fury, a Lad of 14 Years old, Son of Mr. MICHAEL SHILLING, who was struck dead, on Mr. SMITH's Wharf, where he had been fishing. — A Soldier, who was near this ill-fated Youth, received a severe Shock; but happily recovered. — The GERMAN REFORMED CHURCH, on Howard's Hill, was also struck, and considerably injured in various Parts.
MARTINSBURG, AUGUST 20.
It is proposed in the Pittsburg Gazette, that the next message or invitation for a treaty should be sent by those members of Congress who proposed, and so strenuously supported pacific measures to be adopted at this period.
Paragraph of a London News-Paper, dated the 6th of June: — "Certain Intelligence is now received concerning the March of the combined Armies of Prussia and Austria against France. They will amount altogether to near 150,000 Men. The last Detachment of the Austrians is already on its March towards France. The first Detachment of the Prussians is to march from Potsdam on Saturday next, the ninth of June. The whole Army will amount to 50,000 Men, which is to move in five Divisions. From the Length of the March, it will be impossible to begin the Campaign, effectually, till towards the End of July."
By the Pittsburg Gazette, of the 28th ult. we learn, that the Complanter has got home from the Council at Buffalo creek, and informs, that it was determined in that council that a number of Chiefs of the Six Nations should go on an embassy to the hostile Indians, to persuade them to peace with the United States. Captain Brandt had been out a thirty days tour into the Indian country, but could not approach the Sandusky town nearer than five miles, as he was discovered, and followed a considerable distance, by parties of the hostile Indians. From this it appears, that Sa-wahki has not been deserted, as reported some time since.
In Massachusetts, the choice of electors of President and Vice President of the United States, and of members to represent that state in Congress, is to be on the second day of November next — the electors are to meet in Boston the last Wednesday in December.
MR. WILLIS.
I AM considered by Mr. White as the writer of "Farmer," or that it was written at my request. Your candour can evince the contrary. The Farmer appears indeed to be my warm friend, and as such demands my sincere thanks, he having advanced many plain facts, but I neither know the author, nor had I the most distant hint of this publication, till informed by mere accident, that such had been sent to the press; when I expressed a wish that it might not contain reflections — and it is now with much reluctance that I give yourself and readers this trouble, for surely Messrs. Q, Post, and White, might have enjoyed their writings without molestation from me; the latter had not in such furious and pointed terms, attributed to myself the Farmer's publication; but as I have taken up my pen, I shall reply to Mr. White, though I have su-

charity for the man, as he possesses virtues which I have at all times allowed him, and numbers of respectable persons can witness the delicacy with which I have treated him, in this competition, having no wish to gain my point by indirect methods.
The Gentleman with some art, replies to the Farmer, "Let Mr. Rutherford point out the time (alluding to some speech of mine) or suffer his accusations to remain convicted of a gross calumny on his country." Strange indeed it could be imagined that at this distant day I was to point out the time and subject of every speech which was uttered in the great cause of my country? Had the Gentleman been present on these early, animated, patriotic occasions, he might have solved this difficulty. It would, perhaps, have been better if the "Farmer" had omitted the term "knavish"—but has my polite friend made a better application, when by a tiresome circumlocution, he labours out a censure in the following words—"Whatever my studies may have been, Mr. Farmer cannot produce more than one instance (and I am not convinced that that comes up to the point) of my reducing those knavish principles to practice. I mean the delaying the recovery of our debts, by the sale of our lands for that purpose, which he rules of 'knavish'." This is knavish. Mr. Rutherford can witness I have been often guilty." To this ungenerous insinuation I reply with much sincerity, that being embarrassed from the many losses sustained by my lenity and dependence on others, and by the failure of public credit, I have had various transactions with the Gentlemen of the law, who have treated me with a moderation, attention and politeness, superior to my friend Mr. White, though my good offices to him were invariably, and the effusion of a mind divested of every selfish thought; while his services were all rated at full price. He then proceeds to defend his vote in favour of the funding bill, and after a strained farcical on my knowledge of this State and the Union, calls for documents—takes the ground of Congress—and amuses his readers by a pompous tale of "doing away one third of the interest of the state debt, and throwing the remainder into a channel which puts it out of the power of the state to remit or direct the people," to which might be added, that very few, if any, citizens south of the Potomac, will in future be troubled about this same interest, except in the payment. I have neither time or inclination to pursue my friend through all his windings and doublings; but observe the conclusion of this long story is, a plain evidence of his want of knowledge respecting the union.—His words are as follows,—"If you will take the trouble to calculate the proportion between the inhabitants North and East of Potomac, and those South and West of it, you will find the question will not be as self evident as Mr. Farmer supposes." Nothing can discover in a more striking point of view, a mind engrossed by bread and butter, and that has never contemplated the immense future and rapid increase and extension of American territory, South and West of that river.
My public letter, in terms which I thought void of offence, even to the most captious, and merely as a notice to the good people, is there drawn into the vortex of this heated body of self consequence; and the term "ludicrous" pronounced by him with much arrogance and derision, while my public services are treated with the utmost contempt, in the words here subjoined—"What do they amount to?—Simply this—that he was 25 years a member of the Assembly, and in that period drew one bill, and was appointed of one committee." Here the Gentleman seems to have out-done himself. Can a reasonable mind be thus amused? The bill in question being of notoriety, and on its passage to effect the interests of twenty thousand people, and at present more than double that number, was observed upon to evince to these people, that great care had been taken in a partition so interesting to them; and the committee mentioned in that trivial manner, was the most respectable that ever deliberated in Virginia, and appointed for no less purpose than forming a Constitution for the Government of this great Commonwealth.
That I should have inculcated an opinion that Mr. White and myself could both be elected, has no foundation in reason or in truth.
My friend enters again on the ground of Congress, where he judges an attack will be the most difficult, and displays his political principles and his political knowledge; and after considering his re-election as fixing him for life, proceeds to speak of his competitors as altogether wanting in capacity. The Gentleman would, perhaps, boggle about receiving a small impression of his own coin, so that I spare his feelings, and only add, that a prudent, observing people are to decide our pretensions.—That my public labours have been called forth and exerted on the most trying occasions—that my zeal for my country and the rights of the people are second to none—that I have suffered exceedingly in the common cause, and have not heard of any uncommon losses or fatigues sustained by my friend in this arduous business.
I now take my leave of the subject, and of all the authors who have entered the list as my opponents—to wit—Mr. Q. Mr. the Poet against his genius, and Mr. White. My business calls very pressingly for my attention in the State of Kentucky, and have I had taken into my care the business of others I hope to see this people again some time before the election, if it be the will of Providence. In the interim I commit my concerns in this matter to their generous attention, persuaded, that they will not forget me, as I have never been wanting in the tenderest regards to them.
R. RUTHERFORD.
Berkeley County 12th Aug. 1792.
MR. WILLIS.
THE good people of this District have been favoured with Mr. White's reply to the Farmer. It was my object in writing the address, to draw on a discussion of the several charges exhibited against Mr. White, for the information of my fellow citizens. I, at this time, shall say little, as I mean to make a general reply to that gentleman's observations, at a future period; and likewise to assert, with undeniable facts, the matter contained in the piece aforesaid, notwithstanding the elaborate quibbles of Mr. White; who has treated Mr. Rutherford with the most violent indecency, in charging him with being the author of the piece signed Farmer, without the least shadow of a proof—and which nothing but those despotic principles which he appears to be influenced with, by his writing, could induce him to do. "It is ludicrous (says he, when noticing Mr. Rutherford's services) to suppose they raise him above the common class of his fellow citizens."—Who, in the name of wonder, is Mr. White? Who has raised him to his present dignity?—But the fact is, Mr. Rutherford knew no more of the intentions of the Farmer than the King of France, as I have had no correspondence with him for a number of years, having no other motive in writing the piece alluded to, but for your information, being a fellow citizen, and fellow sufferer, in common with yourselves.
FARMER.
MR. WILLIS.
Be pleased to admit into your Guardian the enclosed "SUPPLICATING, MODEST and AFFECTING epistle," as copied from a late paper with a few variations and improvements, in which, however, the sense and spirit of the original are preserved with the greatest care and fidelity.
OH FRIENDS! oh countrymen! your flag is laid,
Ah! save a hapless Wight, by foes oppress'd, Let now your gen'rous aid my cause befriend, For opposition tears her inaky credit.
How much I'm wrong'd you'll gather from my story, By those confounded dogs: good lack a day! They say I was, that master, could a Jory! I pray good folks, believe not what they say.
'Tis true, my conscience ne'er did War approve; But Peace! blest Peace! I strongly recommended, I, meek and harmless as the tender dove, Lay close at home until the contest ended.
Because my feeble arm could not oppose (E'en had it been permitted by my fears) Full eighty thousand bloody minded foes, That founded war's dread clarion in our ears.
You see they fain my consequence would lessen, In that august assembly of our nation; Where ever since the first—second session, I fill'd with proper dignity the station.
They also say, I've study'd arts that might "Inthare the wretched in the toils of law, "Fomenting discord, and perplexing right," And then with fear, I'd glut my hungry maw.
Now, since in public I must make confession, 'Tis true I play'd the knave, a fee to get; But then, 'twas in the line of my profession, And damme if the folks have paid me yet.
To lose my "sweat's-worth" in this wicked world, And in the next, ah me!—from hope debar'd; My conscience says, to hell I shall be hurl'd; Now is not this, my friends, exceeding hard!
When none would serve you, mark me, gentlemen, In the great Council of our rising nation; I, with reluctance, did accept, and then Stood foremost in Virginia's delegation.
My touring genius pointed out each plan, For settling all those great affairs of state; And in the house, I was the very man, That labour'd long in many a warm debate.
I organiz'd the federal government, I on Potomac plac'd Columbia's city; I rais'd your credit more than cent per cent; And now to be left out would be a pity.
But, Sirs, my merit you must plainly see, So send me but to Con—so once again, With cap in hand, and great respect, I'll be, Your most obedient servant, gentlemen.
* See the Potomac Guardian—No. 91.—Vol. 2.
MR. WILLIS.
The following FABLE is recommended to the serious perusal of some of your correspondents, whose wit appears to be infinitely surpassed by native dullness and servility. You will therefore please to insert it in your useful paper.
A MASTIFF (whose peculiar care Had been to guard a helpless village, From thieves and robbers many a year, Who came with full intent to pillage.)
Was walking his accustomed round, To aid the poor of each profession; And injur'd innocence, if found, To save and rescue from oppression,
When lo! from lanes and alleys foul, A tribe of curs with dismal clatter, Strave hard with many a yelp and howl, The good old mastiff to bespatter.
Each mongrel lurking in the dark, Would growl and threaten dire resistance; Would whine and snarl, and fret and bark, But still each puppy kept his distance.
Regardless of the yelping crew, And all the venom curs inherit; This truth full well the Mastiff knew, That envy ever snarls at merit.
He left those dogs a prey to spleen, Nor on them deign'd to smile or frown; But with compos'd and placid mein, He goes to guard the helpless town.
M O R A L.
When malice foul, would gain a point, By means of dire thrown from the dark; The surest way to disappoint A puppy is—to let him bark. Shepherd's Town, 11th August, 1792.
To be sold by PUBLIC AUCTION. On the 14th day of September next, By the Sheriff, living at Martinsburg. One lot in said town, near the Bridge.
THERE are on said premises the following buildings, viz. One frame house, weather-boarded, a large stone brew, malt, and distillery &c. Also one lot near Robert McKnight's Tavern, there is on said lot a good stone house, stable, &c.—The buildings at present used as a coppersmith-shop, has formerly been used by me as a brewery and distillery, and may be converted to the same by a little trouble. The aforesaid lots are corner lots, and are therefore advantageously situated for business. On the same day will also be disposed of, one brew kettle and vessels thereto appertaining—Three cows, waggon, cart, and dray, besides all kind of household furniture and utensils, too tedious to enumerate. The conditions to be made known on the day of sale.—Due attention will be given by the public's humble servant.
JACOB COONS.
August 16th, 1792.
N. B. The sale to be continued if not sold on the same day.
All persons indebted to me are desired to make payment, by the 1st day of October next. And all those to whom I am indebted, are requested to bring in their accounts for settlement on that day.
J. C.
WANTED IMMEDIATELY,
A Man who can come well recommended for his honesty, sobriety, and industry, and being well acquainted in the use of stilling Spirits from Rye or Wheat. Such a person will meet with generous wages and good treatment at ANDERSON and WAGGONER'S Distillery. Mill Creek, Berkeley County, August 17th, 1792.
NOTICE is hereby given, that a Petition will be preferred to the next General Assembly, by the Inhabitants of Martinsburg, praying that the Deeds from the late General Stephens to the purchasers of Lots in the said Town, may not be confirmed, and that the Trustees of the said Town may be directed to convey all Lots sold by the said late General Stephens, without a reservation of quit rents to the purchasers, and that no quit rents shall be reserved in any future sale of Lots.
August 15th, 1792.
6w
WANTED IMMEDIATELY,
A JOURNEYMAN TAYLOR, Who may expect constant employ until next spring.
A L L S O,
A small Boy, as an APPRENTICE.
Application to be made to ISAAC WHIEKER, in Martinsburg, who has a very good light Cart for sale, on reasonable terms, for cash, wheat, or a good Cow.
THIS is to certify, that agreeable to my advertisement, the MANAGERS met at Mr. Joseph Simmel's Tavern in George Town, and proceeded to Drawing the WOODSTOCK TOWN TOTTERY, and have given me a certified Copy of the Number which was drawn to the Names of each Adventurer respectively, who may have Certificates on paying the Purchase Money, and Deeds executed agreeable to the terms of the Charter, by their very humble servant,
JOHN HOPWOOD.
August 2, 1792.
NOTICE is hereby given, that a Petition will be presented to the General Assembly of Virginia, at their next Session, praying the establishment of a Ferry across Potomac River, from the lands in Berkeley County, late the property of Samuel Taylor, deceased, to the lands of Richard Henderson & Co. in Washington County, Maryland.
August 19th, 1792.
McTague—Observer—A citizen of Berkeley—as also a number of articles of intelligence—advertisements, &c. must be omitted for want of room.

SEAT OF THE MUSES.
TO THE MARTINSBURG POST.
YOU post have commenc'd of late, Great SWIFT, you say, to imitate; In which you take uncommon pains, To show the world your want of brains. With letter R you do set out, It suits you well I have no doubt— R stands for Rogue and Rascal too, That you are both, perhaps is true. Your mind of poetry seems full, Alas! to think's your empty skull, That in th' attempt to show your wit, You clearly prove you've not a bit; But still, poor dunces, do all you can, T' degrade a generous honest man; Though you ne'er will in your weak nob, Have sense enough to cope with Bob. Th' name of ALEXANDER sounds so great, It's him you wish to vindicate;— If no new allies he does find, He'll certainly be far behind. I commend your zeal, for in your story, You have not laid one word of Tory; Nor have you had as much presumption, As e'en to mention the Assumption.— Nor in the least do seem to grudge The six month's wages paid a Judge; Nor think the money thrown away, Although he did not sit one day. The man you'd injure's his country's friend, And on him all good men depend; You may bark, froth, fret, and grin, And like a dog all your spleen— In spite of all you can invent, Old R to Congress shall be sent. You'd best disgrace yourself no more— You've but a dunce I'm very sure; Don't write a word, poor thote, for shame, Unless you dare annex your name.
BERKELEY COUNTY: to wit. NOTICE is hereby given, that a Petition will be presented to the next General Assembly, praying that a law may pass changing the quarterly term of the County Court of Berkeley , from the first Tuesday in March , to the third Tuesday in May , in each year, it being the time on which the said quarterly term was formerly held, the late change being found very inconvenient to the people of the County. By order of the Court. MOSES HUNTER, c. c.
TO BE SOLD. A tract of very good unimproved Land, Containing 283 acres, known by the name of the Silvermine , lying on the river Potomac, Berkeley County, Virginia, situated one and half miles above the mouth of Back Creek. This land is as well timbered as any lying between it and the Alleghany, the situation of which, being so near the Potomac, the timber may be rafted down the river at a very small expence—it has two never-failing springs, and good meadows may be made on it. For terms, apply to the subscriber, who will give an indisputable title. DAVID WOLGAMOTT. August 6, 1792. N. B. The above described land abounds with Iron ore of an excellent quality.
Notice.
THE subscriber, being determined to make an immediate settlement with all those to whom he is indebted, calls on all Persons who are indebted to him by bond or note, to make payment;—those with whom he has open accounts, he particularly requests would come and settle the same, by paying what is due from them, or give their notes. For the convenience of those who have not money, he will take wheat, rye, or oats, in discharge of their accounts, at the highest market price. A compliance with this reasonable request, will very much oblige their humble servant, DAVID WOLGAMOTT. JULY 16, 1792.
CAME to my Plantation, the first instant, a black COW, with both ears crop'd, has some white in her forehead. The owner is desired to come, prove his property, pay charges, and take her away. JOHN EVANS, jun. July 30, 1792.
WHEREAS a certain John Carmack , formerly of Maryland , but now of H. St. in Virginia , did heretofore sell 250 acres of land to a certain Charles Dorsey , of the state of Maryland , and on the 24th day of October, 1772, executed his Bond to the said Charles Dorsey , conditioned for the conveyance of the said 250 acres of land in fee simple—And whereas the said Charles Dorsey , having paid the whole purchase money, hath lately become insolvent—Notice is therefore given, that the Subscriber, on behalf of the creditors of the said Charles Dorsey , will file a bill in the High Court of Chancery of the state of Maryland , on the 8th day of October next, to obtain an immediate decree for the specific conveyance of the said land, mentioned in the condition of the said Bond above referred to, according to the true intent and meaning thereof.
THOMAS GASSAWAY, Trustee of Charles Dorsey.
Maryland, July 26, 1792.
The several Printers in this State are requested to insert the above Advertisement in their several Papers until the 8th day of October next, and the expense will be paid upon application at this Office.
Printing-Office, Alexandria, Aug. 2, 1792.
TO BE SOLD. In the County of Berkeley , on Opeachem-Creek , within two miles of Martinsburg , VIRGINIA , and on the most direct road to Shepherd's Town ,
A MERCHANT MILL, With two pair of Stones, one of which are French Burrs, equal to any in the State, the Mill House very spacious, and every thing very convenient for business, the flour can be freighted from the mill door down the river, which makes it much more convenient than any mill on that Creek, with 70 acres of good lime-stone land, 30 of which are cleared and under good fence, a young orchard, with an commodious House, and a never-failing spring.—This Mill is situated in a nut-wheat country, and contiguous to Baltimore and Philadelphia markets.—By paying half the purchase money, down, a reasonable credit will be given for the other half.
Application to be made to the Subscriber, living on the premises.
IGNATIUS OFFERRALL.
August 6, 1792.
L A N D S. F O R S A L E.
A Plantation,
Living within three miles of Shepherd's Town , hand-romely situated on the road to Keptown Furnace, containing 300 acres of land, near 150 acres of which are cleared and in good order, ten acres of meadow made, and as much more may be made and watered; has a good apple orchard, with every necessary and convenient building; a good limestone spring; the lands not cleared are level and well timbered. Terms may be known by applying to the subscriber, living on the premises.
WILLIAM LUCAS.
July 25, 1792.
20 Dollars reward.
RAN away from the Subscriber, living six miles from Harper's Ferry , Berkeley County, Virginia , on the 24th inst. a negro Man named PETER , about 24 years of age, of a yellow complexion, handsome featured, about 5 feet 10 or 11 inches high, has had the small pox, but not very perceptible; he has a small scar near the middle of his forehead, speaks good English, and it is supposed will endeavour to pass for a freeman:—he had on when he went away or took with him, a blue soldier's coat, faced with red, a napkeen waistcoat and breeches, three shirts, two of which almost new, hemp chain and tow filling, six hundred; two pair of hempen trowers, almost new; and a pair of shoes worn but a few weeks;—as he is a cunning, artful fellow, it is supposed he will change his dress. Whoever will apprehend the said runaway, if taken 50 miles from home, shall have the above reward, and in proportion for a lesser distance.
THOMAS HART, Senior.
July 30, 1792.
ALEXANDRIA, August 6, 1792.
I WILL store FLOUR any length of time, for six pence per Barrel, and in case I buy it to storage will be charged.
I have Lands in Kentucky , which I will exchange for Lands in Hampshire , Frederick , Berkeley , Loudon , Fairfax , or Prince-William Counties .
R. T. HOGE.
6w.
Wanted, by the Printer hereof, a stout young Lad, as an Apprentice.
LANDS FOR LANDS.
TO BE DISPOSED OF,
FOUR Hundred Acres of Land, (called Mixon's ) lying on Buffalo-creek , Monongalia County , upon which there are upwards of 40 acres of best meadow, a good mill seat and spring, and the land equal to any on the Western waters.
Three Hundred and eighty four acres adjoining, below, on same creek, a large proportion of meadow, and a good spring, the upland equal, which is held by settlement-right, and a general warrantee will be given.
One Thousand Acres on the Donkard-mill run , a branch of said creek, held by preemption right, of equal quality to the above, and the same warrantee will be given, all lying from 14 to 25 miles from Morgan-Town , and from 3 to 11 miles from Monongalia river —the State road from Morgan-Town to the little Kenhawa passes near or through the said land.
One Thousand Acres on Bingerman's creek , held by preemption right, a great proportion of meadow, and well watered, which lies in the same county, the upland of good quality, about 40 miles farther from Morgan-Town .
One thousand acres on the little Kenhawa , about 14 miles from the mouth of said river, held by an old location on treasury-warrant, the land also very rich.
Any property in the counties of Berkeley or Frederick , negroes, or good bonds, will be taken in payment.
DAVID GRAY.
Berkeley, April 25, 1792.
Richard Barnhouse, Has opened TAVERN, at the Sign of the STAR, in CHARLES-TOWN.
BEGS leave to inform the Public in general, that he has furnished himself with a general assortment of good Liquors—he is also provided with good Stableage, Hay, Oats, and Corn, with every other accommodation fit for travellers and others that please to call on him.—He also has liquors of all sorts to sell by the gallon, quart, or pint, as reasonable as any other person in said town.
July 23, 1792.
TO BE SOLD. A VALUABLE PLANTATION,
Adjoining Straub's , Stephen's , and Burns's land, lying within six miles of Martinsburg , containing 410 acres, 100 of which is now under tillage, a good meadow, two streams of water running through it, one of which fitable for a saw-mill; it has also a number of excellent springs; the land is under tolerable good fence, has a good apple and peach orchard, square log house, barn, and other convenient out houses.
For terms, apply to the owner, living on the premises.
SAMUEL WATSON.
July 30, 1792.
HARP and CROWN TAVERN.
THE Subscriber with gratitude returns thanks to his friends and the public, for the favor and patronage they have been kind enough to confer on him, since his commencement at this house—he flatters himself, from the unwearied attention to please, together with the satisfaction of being provided with the choicest of Liquors, and every other necessary this part of the country can afford, will induce a continuance of the same.—He expects from the room, neatness of the house the tolerable share of furniture, and good beds, which he is every day adding to, will render it satisfactory to receive more company.—He has also a flock of excellent hay and oats.
FLORENCE MAHONY.
Martinsburg July 3, 1792.
To be rented, and possession given immediately, A SMALL DISTILL-HOUSE, Situated in Martinsburg , near the Bridge. It has a never-failing spring in it, and many other advantages of water, &c. Apply to the Printer hereof. July 23, 1792.
F O R S A L E. Blank Deeds of Bargain and Sale.