Gazette of the United States and daily evening advertiser. (Philadelphia [Pa.]), 1794-07-29 00:00:00

Gazette of the United States  AND  DAILY EVENING ADVERTISER.
[No. 40 of Vol. VI.]
TUESDAY, JULY 29, 1794.
[Whole No. 590.]
This Day is published, AND SOLD BY THOMAS BRADFORD, Printer and Bookseller, No. 8, South Front Street, Price one fifth of a Dollar, OBSERVATIONS ON THE EMIGRATION OF Dr. Joseph Priestly, And on the several ADDRESSES delivered to him on his arrival at New York. July 25 3c
Choice St. Croix Sugar, JUST IMPORTED, And for Sale, By JAMES YARD. Also a quantity of RUSSIA Mats. June 24th. d
To the Public. PROPOSALS For Engraving in Aquatinta, Four select Views; On Plates 16 inches by 12. Three upon the river Shenandoah, in the state of Virginia; And one upon the Schuylkill, in the state of Pennsylvania. From the paintings of W. Winstanley; By G. J. PARKYNS. No. 1. A view, by moon-light, on the Shenandoah, near the Great Clift, from the foot of Shannon Hill. No. 2. The Sun setting—a view of the Horse-Shoe, from Shannon Hill. No. 3. A morning view upon the Schuyl- kill, near the commencement of the Cana- l. No. 4. The Sun dispersing a fog—A View upon the Shenandoah, from a hill west of the Old Bloomsbury. The Conditions are as follows: The Price to Subscribers will be SIX DOLLARS for the four Views—One half of which to be paid at the time of subscrib- ing—the other half on the delivery of the Prints, according to the priority of the sub- scriptions. Mr. Winstanley engages to deliver the prints in October next. Subscriptions received at Mr. Dobson's, Bookseller, at the Stone House, Second- Street, and at Mr. Joseph Anthony's, Silver Smith, Market Street. And at Mr. John McElwee's, No. 75, South Front Street. July 11. d2w.
Bank of the United States, July 7th, 1794. NOTICE is hereby given, that here will be paid at the Bank after the sixteenth instant, to the Stockholders or their repre- sentatives duly authorised, sixteen Dollars for each share, being the dividend declared for the last six months. By order of the President and Directors JOHN KEAN, Cashier. codm.
Lachawannock. A LARGE body of LAND on this river and its waters, is now for sale to Settlers on it, on moderate terms, and at a long credit. The soil is remarkably fertile, and nu- merous streams of water are interspersed through the whole country. The main river flows through one tract of about thirty thousand acres, and is with the exception of one obstruction, naviga- ble to the Susquehannah. Spring Brook Creek, which with its branches, waters another tract of about forty thousand acres of good Land, empties itself into the Lachawannock, about twelve miles from the Susquehannah. It affords numerous Mill seats, & in its course creates large bodies of well water- ed meadow ground. The other tracts are intersected by creeks of considerable importance. Several Mills are already erected for the accommodation of the Settlers. Roads are cut in different directions, to wards the most convenient markets. The county town is not more than 12 miles distant from many parts of the set- tlement. The Susquehannah affords an easy and safe navigation to Middletown, from whence the Canal to Schuylkill extends the com- munication to the city. Another means of connection with Phil- adelphia, is by the Delaware, from which the distance in several places is about thirty miles. The proprietors combining their own in- terest with that of the inhabitants, are dis- posed to erect works of public utility, open roads, &c. and in every one mile square, a tract of one hundred acres is allotted for a School, and one hundred acres for the first resident clergyman of any denomination of Christians. For further particulars apply to George Eddy. Wilkes-Barre, Luzerne County, Pennsylvania, July 9. Letters directed to George Eddy, at Phil- adelphia, or to this place, or to Thomas Eddy, at New York, relative to this business, will be duly answered. codgm
For Charter, To Europe or the West Indies, THE SNOW WILLIAM, A Chestnut street wharf, a staunch good vessel, almost new, burthen about 1800 barrels. For terms apply to JOSEPH ANTHONY & SON, Who have for sale, on board said vessel, 2000 BUSHELS LIVERPOOL SALT, And 13 Tons GOOD COAL. July 24 diw
For Charter, The Danish Brig Stadt Altona, Captain EVERS, Burthen about 200 tons; ready to take in a Cargo. Apply to John Vaughan, WHO HAS FOR SALE, Excellent French Brandy, RED WINE in hogsheads and in cases, WHITE WINE in cases. July 24 3c
For LIVERPOOL, The Ship AMIABLE, John Thompson, master. BURTHEN about 250 tons, a very sub- stantial ship, built of live oak and cedar, of an easy draught of water, falls remark- ably fast, and has very excellent accom- modations for passengers: to sail the first week in August, and is intended to return imme- diately to Philadelphia. For passage only apply to Capt. Thompson on board, at Messrs. Warder & Co's wharf, or John Mayo. July 22 d
For Sale or Charter, The Ship NANCY, JAMES DEVEREAUX, Master. SHE is well found, and ready for sea would take a freight to the North of Eu- rope or the West-Indies, and carries about two thousand barrels. For terms apply to Deblois & Breck, Between Walnut and Chestnut Street Wharves—Where may be had the follow- ing articles: 1000 lbs. New Orleans Indigo, A Few Casks New Rice, Sugar in Hds. and barrels, Coffee in Tierces and do. Russia Duck, and an Assortment of English Earthen Ware. July 11 15, 1794 d
For Sale or Charter, The Ship GEN. WASHINGTON Isaac Sylvester, master. NOW lying at Say's wharf, the 3d above Market Street, burthen about 2500 bar- rels, is a good strong vessel, and will be ready to receive a cargo in a few days. For terms apply to the Captain on board or RUMFORD & ABIJAH DAWES, Water Street, No. 7, South. 7th mo. 25 d
For Charter, The Brig SEATONPH, JOHN PADEN, Master. SAILS fast, and will be ready to take in a cargo in a few days. For terms apply to Joseph Sims, WHO HAS FOR SALE, Madeira and Sherry WINE. Fit for immediate use, BRANDY, Red and Pale Jesuits BARK, White LEAD ground in oil, BRIMSTONE, &c. July 25 d
Was left on the 10th July, along side of the sloop Sally, one barrel of Linseed OIL, containing 27 gal- lons; no marks. The owner may have it again by applying to William Paul. No. 361, north Front Street, paying charges for the same. July 22 *4t
The Ground Plan OF THE City and Suburbs OF PHILADELPHIA. TAKEN FROM ACTUAL SURVEY. IT is with pleasure that the publisher has to inform his subscribers, and the public in general, that the plate is now under the hands of the engraver, and in greater for- wardness than was at first contemplated. At the same time he begs leave to remind them, that subscription papers, are still open at most of the noted book-stores in the city; and that he hopes from the whole of them to be enabled to form such a re- spectable catalogue of names, as will do a credit to the work, as well as afford a reasonable encouragement to the under- taker. Those who are desirous of further infor- mation are requested to call on Benjamin Davies, No. 68, Market Street. April 14. m&tht
Medical Books. JUST PUBLISHED, By Thomas Dobson, at the Stone House No. 41, South Second Street, VOLUME II. Medical Inquiries AND OBSERVATIONS. By BENJAMIN RUSH, M. D. Professor of the Institutes of Medicine, and of Clinical Practice in the Univer- sity of Pennsylvania. CONTAINING 1. An inquiry into the influence of physical causes upon the moral faculty. 2. An inquiry into the effects of spirituous li- quors upon the human body, and their in- fluence upon the happiness of society. 3. An inquiry into the causes and cure of the pulmonary consumption. 4. Observations on the symptoms and cure of dropsies. 5. An inquiry into the causes and the cure of internal dropsy of the brain. 6. An account of the measles, as they ap- peared in Philadelphia, in the year 1789. 7. An account of the influenza, as it appear- ed in Philadelphia in the years 1789, 1790, and 1791. 8. An inquiry into the causes of the increase of bilious and remitting fevers, in Penn- sylvania. 9. An inquiry into the causes and cure of sore legs. 10. An account of the state of the body and mind in old age, with observations upon its diseases and their remedies. Price one dollar and a quarter unbound, or one dollar and a half neatly bound.
Medical Transactions OF THE College of Physicians of Philadelphia. VOL. I.—PART I. Price one dollar in boards. A Treatise on the Diseases of Children. With general directions for the management of Infants from the birth, adapted for the use of physicians and private families. By Michael Underwood, M. D. Licentiate of Midwifery in the Royal Col- lege of Physicians in London, and Physician of the British Lying-in-Hospital. Price one Dollar. This is acknowledged to be the best book which has been published on the subject, and is calculated for the use of parents, nurses, and private families, as well as for physicians. The two volumes handsomely printed in one, and the price only about one third of what the imported copies fell for. The Edinburgh New Dispensatory, two volumes. System of Surgery, extracted from the works of Benjamin Bell, by Dr. Waters, 2 dols. 50 cents. System of Anatomy, extracted from the Encyclopaedia, with 12 copperplates, 2 vols. System of Chemistry, extracted from the Encyclopaedia, exhibiting a view of the pro- gress of the science, and the different systems which have been published, 2 vols. 50 cents. Brown's Elements of Medicine, 2 vols. 67 cents. T. Dobson has in the Press, An edition of the Medical and Philoso- phical Commentaries of Edinburgh. Two vol- umes are printed in one at a dollar and 50 cents per volume; he has nearly finished the five first volumes, which contain the first ten volumes of the European edition, which sell for two dollars each. Nine volumes will in- clude eighteen European volumes, which will bring the publication up to the present time. Likewise for sale a considerable number of Medical Books, viz. Cullen's Practice, Materia Medica, Physi- ology, and Synopsis. Bell's Surgery, 6 vols. or 4 vols. do. on Ulcers, Buchan's Domestic Medicine, Ledran's Surgery, Cheelden's A- natomy, Hunter on the Venereal, Swediaur on do. Rollo on West India Diseases, Rigby on Uterine Hemorrhage, Hamilton's outlines of the theory and practice of Mid- wifery, with or without plates; do. on the management of Female complaints, Mease on Hydrophobia, &c. &c.
Nicholas Diehl, jun. Attorney at Law, INFORMS his friends and the public, that he has opened an OFFICE for the sale and purchase of Real Estates at No. 19 South Fourth Street, where he will thank- fully receive their commands. He also draws Deeds, Mortgages, and other Writ- ings. June 10 tub&stf
STATE OF SOUTH-CAROLINA In the House of Representatives, DECEMBER 21st, 1793. WHEREAS the Commissioners of pub- lic Accounts, have reported, that they cannot proceed to the investigation of the Treasury Accounts, respecting special In- dents, without knowing the outstanding a- mount thereof in circulation: Therefore, Resolved, That all holders of special In- dents be directed and required, on or before the first day of November next, to deliver the special Indents in their possession to one or other of the Commissioners of the Treasury, who are to give receipts for the same, and to report to the Commissioners on public ac- counts, on or before the tenth day of Nov- ember next, the amount by them respective- ly received; and also to the Legislature, at their meeting in November next, and that all special Indents not rendered into the Treasury as above, on or before the first day of November next, shall be, and the same are hereby barred. Resolved, That public notice of this resolu- tion be given in the several Gazettes in this State, once every three weeks, until the first day of November next. And that the Dele- gates of this State in the Congress of the United States, be requested to cause this resolu- tion to be published in one or more papers in the cities of Philadelphia and New-York, and that provision will be made for the ex- pences attending such publication. Ordered, That the resolution be sent to the Senate for their concurrence. By order of the House, JOHN SANFORD DART, C. H. R. In the SENATE, DECEMBER 21st, 1793. Resolved, That this House do concur with the House of Representatives in the foregoing resolutions. Ordered, That the resolutions be sent to the House of Representatives. by order of the Senate, FELIX WARLEY Clerk. ewt Nov.
French Revolution. JUST PUBLISHED. (Price two Dollars.) By MATHEW CAREY, No. 118, Market Street, AN IMPARTIAL HISTORY OF THE FRENCH REVOLUTION; From its Commencement to the exe- cution of the QUEEN and the DEPUTIES of the Gironde Party Extract from the Preface The authors have presumed to affix to their title, the epithet impartial; and the reason is, because they cannot charge them- selves with feeling the smallest bias to any party but to that of truth and liberty; and they flatter themselves, that their readers will find not only every circumstance fairly presented, but every considerable action, whoever were the authors or actors, mark- ed in its proper colours. If it was necessa- ry to make a declaration of their own principles, they would say, they are neither tory nor republican—they love liberty as English whigs, and execrate every criminal act by which no noble cause is endangered or disgraced. At the present ferment of the public mind, they cannot flatter themselves with the hope of seeing this claim universally acknowledged. On the contrary, they are well assured that these pages will not be accepta- ble to the zealots of either party. But when time shall have dissipated the clouds of poli- tical deception, and appeased the tumult of the passions, they will with some confi- dence expect that verdict from public opini- on, which andour and moderation feld- domal to receive. Extract from the Critical Review, June 1794. 12 Page. We have certainly derived much plea- sure, and acquired much information from the perusal of those volumes; and we think them, both for matter and style, worthy the attention of all who interest themselves in Events which have so justly excited the curio- sity and astonishment of mankind. Mr. CAREY will in about three weeks Pub- lish, Plowden's history of the British Empire, from May 1792, to December 1793. 12reod.
Stock Brokers Office, No. 16, Wall-street, NEW-YORK. THE Subscriber intending to confirm him- self entirely to the PURCHASE and SALE of STOCKS on COMMISSION, begs leave to offer his services to his friends and others, in the line of a Stock Broker. Those who may please to favor him with their bus- ness, may depend upon having it transacted with the utmost fidelity and dispatch. Orders from Philadelphia, Boston, or any other part of the United States, will be strictly attended to. LEONARD BLECKER. m&tht
TUITION. WILLIAM FINCH of the New Thea- tre, begs leave to inform his Friends and the Public, that he has removed from the corner of Eighth and Arch Streets, to No. 68, north Eighth between Arch and Race Streets, and that he continues to give In- structions in the French and English Lan- guages as usual, as also the Classics. He takes this opportunity of expressing his ac- knowledgements for the very liberal en- couragement he has experienced, a conti- nuation of which he begs leave to solicit. N. B. Translations from either languages correctly executed. d
Scheme of a Lottery, To raise 39,900 Dollars, on 266,000 Dollars, deducting 15 per Cent. from the Prizes—this Lottery consists of 38,000 Tickets, in which there are 14,539 Prizes and 23,461 Blanks, being about one and an half Blanks to a Prize. THE Directors of the Society for establish- ing Useful Manufactures, having resolved to erect LOTTERIES for raising ONE HUNDRED THOUSAND DOLLARS, agreeable to an Act of the Legislature of the State of New-Jersey, have appointed the following persons to superintend and direct the draw- ing of the same, viz. Nicholas Low, Rufus King, Herman Le Roy, James Watson, Richard Harrisson, Abijah Hammond, and Cornelius Ray, of the city of New-York— Thomas Willing, Joseph Ball, Matthew Mc- Connel and Andrew Bayard, of the city of Philadelphia—His Excellency Richard How- ell, Esq. Elias Boudinot, General Elias Day- ton, James Parker, John Bayard, Doctor Lewis Doham, Samuel W. Stockton, Joshua M. Wallace, Joseph Bloomfield, and Elisha Boudinot, of New-Jersey, who offer the following Scheme of a Lottery, and pledge themselves to the public, that they will take every assurance and precaution in their power to have the Monies paid by the Managers, from time to time, as received, into the Banks at New-York and Philadelphia, to remain for the purpose of paying Prizes, which shall be immediately discharged by a check upon one of the Banks.
SCHEME:    1 Prize of 20,000 Dollars is 20,000   1 10,000   2 5,000   5 2,000   10 1,000   20 500   100 100   300 50   1000 20   2000 15   3000 12   8100 10   14,539 Prizes. 266,000   23,461 Blanks. First drawn number, 2,000   Last drawn number, 2,000   38,000 Tickets at 7 Dollars each is 266,000 
The drawing will commence, under the inspection of a Committee of the Superin- tendents, as soon as the Tickets are sold, of which timely notice will be given. The Superintendents have appointed John N. Cummings, of Newark, Jacob R. Har- denberg, of New-Brunswick, and Jonathan Rhea, of Trenton, as immediate Managers hereof, who have given ample security for discharging the trust reposed in them. In order to secure the punctual pay- ment of the Prizes, the Superintendents of the Lottery have directed that the Managers shall each enter into bonds in 40,000 dollars, with four sufficient securities, to perform their institutions, the substance of which is 1. That whenever either of the Managers shall receive the sum of Three Hundred Dol- lars, he shall immediately place the same in one of the Banks of New-York or Philadel- phia, to the credit of the Governor of the Society, and such of the Superintendents as live in the city where the monies are placed, to remain there until the Lottery is drawn, for the payment of the Prizes. II. The Managers to take sufficient se- curity for any Tickets they may trust, other- wise to be responsible for them. III. To keep regular books of Tickets sold, Monies received and paid into the Bank, abstracts of which shall be sent monthly, to the Governor of the Society. Paterson, January 1, 1794. On application to either of the above gen- tlemen, information will be given where tickets may be had. February 24. tu&stf The Lottery published by the Society for establishing useful manufac- tures, will commence drawing the first Tuesday in November next—
To the Electors of the city and county of Philadelphia. GENTLEMEN, THIS being the last year of the pre- sent Sheriff's time in office. I take the liberty to offer myself a Candidate, and solicit your votes and interests in my favour, to place me on the return at the next general Election, as his successor for said office; in doing which, you will confer an obligation that will be gratefully re- membered, by Your most obedient, and humble servant, JOHN BAKER. May 3. ss 15.

AN ORATION,
Delivered in St. Michael's Church, before the inhabitants of Charleston, South- Carolina, on the fourth of July 1794, by DAVID RAMSAY, M. D. Presi- dent of the Senate of South-Carolina.
FRIENDS, COUNTRYMEN, AND FELLOW-CITIZENS,
ON this day, eighteen years, a na- tion was born at once, a new order of things arose, and an illustrious era in the history of human affairs commenced. The ties which before had joined us to Great Britain were severed, and we as- sumed a place among the nations of the earth.
Having delivered the first oration that was spoken in the United States, to cele- brate this great event, I feel myself doubly honored in being again called upon, after a lapse of sixteen years, to perform the same duty. Were my abili- ties equal to the important subject, your entertainment would be great; but I must call myself on your candor, and solicit indulgence, for falling far short of that display of eloquence, which this eventful day is calculated to inspire.
It is worthy of remark, that the discovery of America was nearly co-in- cident with the invention of the art of printing and of the mariner's compass. From these three sources the condition of mankind has been greatly improved. By means of the art of printing, the darkness of ignorance, which for many centuries had overshadowed mankind, has given place to the light of know- ledge, and learned men of every clime constitute but one republic. In conse- quence of the mariner's compass, all the nations of our globe form one extended family, reciprocally administering to the wants of each other. May I be allow- ed to add, that the discovery of Ame- rica is the first link of a chain of causes, which bids fair to enlarge the happiness of mankind, by regenerating the prin- ciples of government in every quarter of the world. Among the events resulting from this discovery, and which lead to that great revolution, the declaration of independence is conspicuously pre-em- inent. I will not wound your ears, on this festive day, by a repetition of the many injuries received by this country from Great Britain, which forced us to cut the Gordian knot, which before had joined us together. Suffice it to ob- serve, that for the twelve years preceed- ing the fourth of July, 1776, claim on claim, injury followed injury, and oppression trod on the heels of op- pression, till we had no alternative left but that of abject slavery, or complete independence. The spirit of freedom decided in favor of the latter. Heaven smiled on our exertions. After an eight years war in which our countrymen dis- played the patience, the perseverance, and the magnanimity of republicans, struggling for every thing that is dear to freemen, their most sanguine wishes were realised. The government of Great Britain, which began the war to enforce their claim, to bind us in all cases what- soever, after spending a hundred mil- lions of money, and sacrificing a hundred thousand subjects, to no purpose, was obliged to give up the contest, to retire from our shores, and to relinquish, by a solemn treaty, all claim to bind us in any case whatsoever. Such a triumph of liberty could not fail of vibrating round to world. A great and mighty nation, on the other side of the At- lantic, in imitation of our example, has abolished a system of oppression, under which their forefathers for many centu- ries had groaned. We trust and hope, that they will discover as great abilities in planning and executing a good new government, as they have hitherto done in destroying an ancient bad one. Should this well founded expectation be realised, we may hope, that revolutions will fol- low revolutions, till despotism is banish- ed from our globe. In this point of view, the enlarged philanthropist must not only rejoice in the benefits acquired by this country from its independence, but still more in those, which are likely to flow from it to the oppressed of every country.
It may seem presumptuous for us, who are a nation but of yesterday, to arrogate to ourselves the merit of having enlightened mankind in the art of gov- ernment: but we became an indepen- dent people, under circumstances so fa- vorable to the rights of man, that great indeed must have been our stupidity, had we not done so. When we review the origin of other nations, we find that accidental circumstances had a principal share in forming their constitutions. At one time a successful invader, at another a daring chieftain, fixed the constituent parts of their government; but it never
was known, anterior to our days, that a great, wise, and enlightened people, were peaceably convened by their repre- sentatives to deliberate on the principles of a constitution, by which they were to be governed. From the first settle- ment of this country, every thing con- curred to inspire its inhabitants with the love of liberty. The facility of procu- ring landed property, gave every citizen an opportunity of becoming an inde- pendent freeholder. Remote from the influence of kings, bishops, and nobles, the equality of rights was inculcated by the experience of every day. Having grown up to maturity under circum- stances so favorable to liberty, and then being at once severed from all connexion with the old world, the people of this country, in forming a constitution for their future government, had every in- centive to establish such principles, as promised to secure the greatest possible sum of political good, with the least possible portion of evil. When such a people became perfectly their own mas- ters, and free to adopt any constitution they pleased, great would have been their shame, had they not improved on those forms of government which origi- nated in times of darkness, and were instituted under the influence of privi- leged orders. On this anniversary of in- dependence, it cannot be improper to shew that this has actually been done, and that in consequence thereof we en- joy advantages, rights and privileges su- perior to most, if not to all of the hu- man race. Bear with me then, while I attempt to demonstrate this, by a detail of particulars:
In entering on this subject, where shall I begin? Where shall I end? Proofs are necessary. I need only appeal to ex- perience. I have a witness in the breast of every one who hears me, and who knows the condition of the common peo- ple in other countries. In the United States, the blessings of society are en- joyed with the least possible relinquish- ment of personal liberty. We have hit the happy medium between despotism and anarchy. Every citizen is perfect- ly free of the will of every other citizen, while all are equally subject to the laws. Among us no one can exercise any au- thority by virtue of birth. All start e- qual in the race of life. No man is born a legislator. We are not bound by any laws but those to which we have con- sented. We are not called upon to pay our money to support the idleness and extravagance of court favorites. No burdens are imposed on us, but such as the public good requires. No enormous salaries are received by the few at the expense of the many. No taxes are le- vied, but such as are laid equally on the legislator and private citizen. No man can be deprived of his life, liberty or property, but by operation of laws, freely, fairly and by common consent previously enacted.
The liberty of the press is enjoyed, in these states, in a manner that is un- known in other countries. Each citizen thinks what he pleases, and speaks and writes what he thinks. Pardon me, il- lustrious Washington, that I have in- wardly rejoiced on seeing thy much res- pected name abused in our newspapers. Slanders against thy adamantine char- acter, are as harmless as pointless arrows shot from broken bows; but they prove that our printing presses are free. The doors of our legislative assemblies are open, and the conduct of our state officers may be safely questioned before the bar of the public, by any private citizen. So great is the responsibility of men in high stations among us, that it is the fashion to rule well. We read of the rapacity, cruelty, and oppression of men in power; but our rulers seem, for the most part, to be exempt from these vices. Such are the effects of gov- ernments, formed on equal principles, that men in authority cannot easily for- get, that they are the servants of the community, over which they preside. Our rulers, taken from the people, and at stated periods returning to them, have the strongest incitement to make the pub- lic will their guide, and the public good their end.
Among the privileges enjoyed by the citizens of these states, we may rec- kon an exemption from ecclesiastical est- ablishments. These promote hypocrisy, and uniformly have been engines of op- pression. They have transmitted error from one generation to another, and re- strained that free spirit of enquiry, which leads to improvement. In this country no priests can decimate the fruits of our industry, nor is any preference what- ever, given to one sect above another.
Religious freedom, banished from al- most every other corner of the globe, has fixed her standard among us, and kindly invites the distressed from all quarters to repair hither. In some places fire and faggot await the man, who presumes to
exercise his reason in matters of faith. In others, a national creed is established, and exclusion from office is inflicted on all, however worthy, who dare to dissent. In these happy states, it is a fundamental constitutional point, "that no religious test shall ever be required as a qualification to any office or public trust."
The experience of 18 years, has pro- ved that this universal equality is the most effective method of preserving peace among contending sects. It has also demonstrat- ed, that the church and state are distinct societies, and can very well subsist without any alliance or dependance on each other. While the government, without partiality to any denomination, leaves all to stand on an equal footing, none can prove success- ful but by the learning, virtue, and piety of its professors.
Our political situation, resulting from independence, tends to exalt and improve the minds of our citizens. Great occasions always produce great men. While we were subjects, the functions of government were perform- ed for us, but not by us. To adminis- ter the public affairs of fifteen states, and of four millions of people, the mili- tary, civil, and political talents of many will be necessary. Every office, in each of these multifarious departments, is open to every citizen, who has the abilities requisite for the discharge of its duties. Such prospects cannot fail of exciting a laudable ambition in our youth to make themselves worthy of public confidence.
It is one of the peculiar privileges we enjoy, in consequence of independence, that no individual, no party interest, no foreign influence can plunge us into war. Under our excellent constitution, that scourge of nations will be avoided, unless unprovoked and unredressed inju- ries rouze the body of the people. Had we not asserted our rank among nations, we, as appendages to Great Britain, would this day have been engaged in hostilities against France, though brave- ly struggling for the rights of man: and all this at the call of a foreign mas- ter, and without any voice or will of our own in the matter. Think of the cruel war now carrying on by kings and nobles against the equal rights of man— call to mind the slaughtered thousands, whose blood is daily shedding on the plains of Europe, and let your daily tribute of thanks ascend to the common parent of the universe, who has es- tablished you in a separate government, exempt from participating in these hor- rid scenes.
To all the advantages of neutrality, we as an independent people, are entitled by the laws of nations, of nature, and of God. But it must be acknowledged, that at present we are deprived of many of them. The same spirit, which influenced Great Britain to attempt the subversion of our independence, has led her to commit unwarranted outrages on our commerce. If the voice and interest of the people of that country, was the rule of their govern- ment, as it is with us, these aggressions on our rights would never have taken place; but unfortunately for them, and for us, the interests of the great body of their sub- jects have been sacrificed to the fears and jealousies of their privileged orders. In the madness of their zeal to restrain France from doing, what every independent na- tion has a right to do, they have needlessly plunged their own country into a ruinous war; and in the prosecution of it, instead of respecting our rights, as a neutral na- tion, they have treated us as if we were their subjects, bound to forego every branch of our accustomed lawful commerce, that might, in their apprehension, contravene their designs. Many thanks to our worthy President, for his honest endeavors to pre- serve to us the blessings of peace. May they be successful; but if on their failure, the last extremity must be resorted to, we may call heaven and earth to witness, that all the blood, and all the guilt of war will lie at the door of Great Britain. Peace was our interest—peace was our right; and for the preservation of it, the government and people of these states have done every thing that was reasonable and proper for them to do. May the sword of the Unit- ed States never be unsheathed for the pur- poses of ambition: but if it must be uplift- ed in self-defence, may it fall with deci- sive effect on the disturbers of mankind. I beg pardon for this digression, and with pleasure turn away from contemplating the folly of that government, a separation from which we this day celebrate, that I may proceed in pointing out the superior advantages, which we, as an independent people enjoy.
If we are to judge of the excellence of a government from its fruits, in the happiness of its subjects, we have abun- dant reason to be pleased with our own —since the peace of 1783, our coun- try has been in a state of progressive im- provement—debts and other embarrass- ments growing out of the late war, are, in most cases, nearly annihilated. Our numbers have been greatly augmented, both from the introduction of foreigners and the natural increase of our own ci- tizens. Our exports and imports have overflowed all their ancient boundaries. A revenue sufficient to support national credit, and to satisfy all other public exigencies, has been easily raised, and that without burdening the people. Upon an average, five of our citizens
do not pay as much to the support of government as one European subject. The whole sum expended in adminis- tering the public affairs of the United States, is not equal to the fourth part of what is annually spent in supporting one crowned head in Europe.
From the increase of our trade and population, new ports are daily opened, and new towns and cities lift their heads in all directions. The wilderness on our western frontier, is constantly less- ening by the extension of new settlements. Many who now hear me, have been witness to the legislature of a state com- fortably accommodated in a place, where seven years ago the trees of the forest had never experienced the ax of the husbandman.
It was hoped by our enemies, and feared by our friends, that the people of independent America, would not readily coalesce under a government, suffici- ently energetic for the security of pro- perty and the preservation of internal peace; but they have both been disap- pointed. In these states there is a vi- gorous execution of the laws, and an upright administration of justice. Pro- perty and personal rights are well secur- ed. Criminals are easily brought to suffer the punishment due to their de- merits: and no legal impediment exists in the way of creditors recovering the full amount of what is due to them. These blessings are secured to us with- out the intervention of a standing army. Our government relying on the affec- tions of the people, needs no other sup- port than that of citizen soldiers. How unlike this to foreign countries, where enormous taxes are necessary to pay standing armies, and where standing ar- mies are necessary to secure the payment of enormous taxes.
Time would fail to enumerate all the superior advantages our citizens enjoy under that free government to which independence gave birth. I may safely affirm, in general, that as it proceeded from the people, it has been adminis- tered for their benefit. The public good has been the sole star by which its oper- ations have been directed.
That we may rightly prize our po- litical condition, let us cast our eyes over the inhabitants of the old world, and contrast their situation with our own. A few among them are exalted to be more than men, but the great bulk of the people, bowed down under the gal- ling yoke of oppression, are in a state of dependence which debases human na- ture. In the benighted regions of Asia, and Africa, ignorance and despotism frown over the unhappy land. The lower classes are treated like beasts of burden, and transferred without ceremony from one master to another. In some parts of Europe, the condition of the peasantry is not quite so bad, but in what country are the rights and happi- nesses of the common people so much res- pected as in these states? In this enu- meration I purposely omit France. Her former government was one of the worst. We trust and hope, that when peace is restored, her enlightened rulers will fur- nish a new and strong proof of the con- nexion between liberty and happiness.
Among the established governments of Europe that of Great Britain de- servedly stands high: what is faulty in that we have avoided, what is excellent in it we have transplanted in our own, with additions and improvements. Is trial by jury the pride of Britons? It is in like manner the birthright of our ci- tizens. Do Englishmen boast of the privileges they enjoy by virtue of the act of parliament, commonly called the Ha- beas corpus act? We enjoy the same, and with more facility, for with us two magistrates (one of whom is of the quo- rum) are empowered to give all the re- lief to a confined citizen which is con- templated by that act. Do Englishmen glory in the revolution of 1688, and of the cotemporary acts of parliament, which declared the rights and liberties of the subject? We have much more reason to be proud of our constitution. Whoever examines these declaratory acts of the English parliament, will find, that all the provisions in favor of liberty which they contain, fly up and kick the beam, when weighed against the follow- ing single sentence in our constitution: "All power is originally vested in the people, and all free governments are founded on their authority, and insti- tuted for their peace, safety and happi- ness."
It is true, that by the revolution of 1688, the people of England got a so- vereign prince to rule over them, on bet- ter terms than their own domestic ty- rants had done, but nevertheless, they only exchanged one master for another: For in their act of settlement, to use their own words, "they most humbly and faithfully submitted themselves, their heirs and their posterities." This era was only the early dawn of that liberty which now shines on us in its noonday
blaze. It was reserved for Americans to put government on its proper foun- dation, the sovereignty of the people.
Do Englishmen value themselves on what is called Magna Charta? In the preamble to this celebrated instrument, it is stated, that "the king, of his mere free will, gave and granted to all freemen of his realm, the liberties" which are therein specified. What is thus said to be given and granted by the free will of the sovereign, we the people of America hold in our own right. The sovereignty rests in our- selves, and instead of receiving the pri- vileges of free citizens as a boon from the hands of our rulers, we defined their powers by a constitution of our own framing, which prescribed to them, that thus far they might go, but no farther. All power, not thus expressly delegated, is retained. Here, let us pause, and leisurely survey the difference, the im- mense difference, between a citizen and a subject. A free citizen, of a free state, is the highest style of man. A subject is born in a state of dependence, and bound to obey. A citizen has with- in himself a portion of sovereignty, and is capable of forming or amending the constitution, by which he is to be go- verned; and of electing, or of being elected, to the office of its first mag- istrate. In monarchies, the subjects are what they are by the grace of their so- vereign; but in free representative gov- ernments, rulers are what they are by the grace of the people.
In comparing the construction of the legislative assemblies of these states, with the parliament of Great Britain, how striking the contrast! Here the repre- sentatives are apportioned on such prin- ciples as collects and transmits the real sentiments of the represented; but in Great Britain the parliament is a mock- ery of representation. The electors are but a handful of the whole mass of sub- jects. Large towns have few or no re- presentatives, while decayed boroughs are authorised to send infinitely more than would be their quota on any rea- sonable system. In these states the le- gislative assemblies are like miniature pictures of the whole community, where each part retains its comparative im- portance, though on a reduced scale. In the parliament of Great Britain, the few give law to the many. It has been demonstrated by calculations on this subject, that a majority of the English house of commons is chosen by less than 8000 persons, though the kingdom contains more than eight millions of subjects. Here the views and wishes of the legislature, are for the most part the views and wishes of the people; but in England the reverse is often the case. In the British parliament, the minister with a pensioned majority, may carry what schemes he pleases; but in our legislative assemblies, every overture must stand or fall according to its real or ap- parent tendency, to help or hurt the people. Thus might I go on till I out- raged your patience, in demonstrating the superiority of our government over those which are reputed the best in the old world.
With such a constitution, and with such extensive territory, as we possess, to what height of national greatness may we not aspire? Some of our large states have territory superior to the is- lands of Great Britain, and the whole together are little inferior to Europe itself. The natural advantages of our country are many and great. We are not left to depend on others for our support and strength. Our luxuriant soil is capable of producing, not only enough for the encircling multitude that inhabits it, but a surplusage for ex- portation, sufficient to supply the wants of hundreds of thousands in foreign countries. Our numbers, if they con- tinue to encrease, as they hitherto have done, will, in less than a century, amount to forty millions. The light of science is kindling up in every corner of these states. Manufactures, and all the useful arts are making rapid progress among us, while agriculture, the first and best employment of man, surpasses all its an- cient limits. With pleasure I could dwell on the pleasing prospect of our ri- sing greatness; but I hasten to point out what is the line of conduct proper to be pursued by those who are so highly favored. We ought, in the first place, to be grateful to the All-wise disposer of events, who has given us so great a portion of political happiness. To pos- sess such a country, with the blessings of liberty and peace, together with that security of person and property, which results from a well-ordered efficient gov- ernment, is, or ought to be matter of constant thankfulness.
Industry, frugality and temperance, are virtues which we should eminently cultivate. These are the only foundation on which a popular government can rest with safety. Republicans should be plain in their apparel—their enter-

rainments, their furniture and their equipage. Idleness, extravagance and dissipation of every kind, should be banished from our borders. It is from the industrious alone that we can gather strength. The virtues now recommended, are those which prepared infant Rome for all her greatness. It is only from the practice of them, that we can expect to attain that rank among nations, to which our growing numbers and extensive territory, entitles us to aspire.
While we celebrate this day, we should call to recollection those who have nobly fallen in support of independence. Time would fail to do them justice individually. To mention the names of some, seems a species of injury to others, who are equally deserving of our praise. It is the business of the historian to recite their names and to tell their gallant deeds. Let us, while we recollect their virtues, be animated with the love of our country, that like them, when called upon, we may die in its defence.
Many of those tried friends, who bravely fought our battles, or who wisely conducted our civil affairs, through the late revolution, have taken their leave of this earthly stage, and a new generation has nearly grown up in their places. On them it depends to finish what their fathers have begun. Much is still wanting to perfect our internal police. As our government rests on the broad base of the people, every exertion should be made to diffuse virtue and knowledge among them. The uninformed and misinformed, are fit tools to subserve the views of the turbulent and ambitious. Ignorance is the enemy of liberty, and the nurse of despotism. Let it, therefore, be our study to multiply and facilitate the means of instruction, through every part of our country.
This would be a safe and constitutional antidote to aristocracy. In these states, where the rights of primogeniture are abolished—where offices are open to all—where elections are frequent, and the right of suffrage is universal and equal; if we go one step further, and give the poor the means of education, as well as the rich, our yoke may have nothing to fear from any man, or any association of men, however distinguished by birth, office, fortune or abilities.
Had I a voice that could be heard from New Hampshire to Georgia, it should be exerted in urging the necessity of disseminating virtue and knowledge among our citizens. On this subject, the policy of the eastern states is well worthy of imitation. The wise people of that extremity of the union, never form a new township, without making arrangements, that secure to its inhabitants the instruction of youth and the public preaching of the gospel. Hence their children are early taught to know their rights, and to respect themselves. They grow up good members of society, and staunch defenders of their country's cause. No daring demagogue—no crafty Cataline—no ambitious Cæsar, can make any impression on the liberties of such an enlightened people.
To France is assigned the task of defending republicanism by arms; but our duty is of a different kind. Separated by the wide Atlantic from the bloody divisions of the old world, we should study to cultivate every useful art—to enjoy in peace with all mankind, the numerous blessings which providence has thrown in our way—to transmit them to posterity, and to extend them to all within our reach. This ought to be the ambition of Americans, and not to seek an enlargement of their dominion, or to build their advancement on the degradation of others.
We should above all things, study to promote the union and harmony of the different states. Perish the man who wishes to divide us into back country, or low country, into a northern and southern, or into an eastern and western interest. Forming one empire, we will be truly respectable, but divided into two, or more, we must become the sport of foreign nations, and peace will be forever exiled from our borders. The unity and indivisibility of the republic is an essential part of the French Constitution, so it ought to be with us. We should consider the people of this country, from the Mississippi to the Atlantic, from New Hampshire to Georgia, as forming one whole, the interest of which should be preferred to that of every part. Even the prejudices, peculiarities, and local habits of the different states, should be respected and tenderly dealt with.
The art of government has never yet been brought near to that degree of perfection of which it is capable. It is lamentably true, that it seldom or never has been administered with any express view to its proper object, the happiness of the governed. We should be
fired with the generous ambition of reaching mankind, by our example, that the people are capable of governing themselves to better purpose, than it ever has been done by kings and privileged orders. Men of high rank, in Europe, have asserted, that a government formed at noon, on the equal principles we have adopted, would terminate before the setting of the sun. This day begins the nineteenth year of ours, and it is now stronger and more firmly established than it ever was. We know, by experience, that the costly pageantry of kings and courts, is not essential to political happiness. From the vigor of our free government, and essentially from its answering every purpose, that a government ought to answer, the world may learn, that there is no necessity in the nature of things for man to lord it over man. Inferences may be fairly drawn from our present happy political situation, which lead to the extirpation of despotism from the face of the globe. Let us forward this desirable revolution, not by officially intermeddling with the internal polity of foreign countries, but by exhibiting such an accumulation of private virtue and public happiness, that other nations, struck with the fruits of our excellent Constitution, may be induced, from free choice, to new model their own, on similar principles.
The eyes of the world are fixed on this country and on France. The abettors of tyranny are anxiously looking for opportunities to discredit the new doctrines of the rights of man. They, on every occasion, represent them as leading to confusion and anarchy. Equality of rights, and equality of property, is, in their opinion, one and the same thing. Let the wisdom of our laws, and the orderly conduct of our citizens, disappoint their wishes, & give the lie to their calumnies. Let us teach them, by our example, that genuine republicanism is friendly to order and a proper subordination in society—that it is hostile to mobs and licentiousness of every kind, but the firm supporter of constituted authorities—the guardian of property, as well as of the rights of man.
France is daily proving, that a handful of citizens, fighting under the banners of liberty, is more than a match for an host of mercenaries, engaged in support of tyranny. It remains for us to recommend free governments, by the example of a peaceful, orderly, virtuous and happy people. We should press forward in accomplishing every thing that can add to the common stock of public good. While war, with its horrid attendants, is the palm of kings, let it be the study of republicans, to make unceasing advances in every thing than can improve, refine, or embellish society. Animated with this noble ambition, the superior happiness of our country, will amply repay us for the blood and treasure which independence has cost. May that ambition fire our breasts, and may that happiness increase, and know no end, till time shall be no more.
PHILADELPHIA, JULY 29.
The following is said to be a statement of the captures from the convoy under La Concorde , bound from the Delaware to France.
By the Resolution, 1 merchant ship. Thetis, 5 do. Argonaut, 4 do. L'Oiseau, 5 do. Africa, 1 do.
16 Exclusive of a sloop of war taken by the Oiseau.
The degree of credence due to transmarine reports may be determined by the following article which was published in April last.
Reports were yesterday current in this city, which we believe well founded:—That the English have been severely drubbed in the West Indies. The brave Gen. Rochambeau having totally repulsed them from Fort Bourbon, Martinique, and dispatched 3000 to a "position" which they will not shortly "change"—further that a French fleet had arrived, and taken possession of Cape Francois and its dependencies.
Capt. Lawson in the brig Fanny , from C. Nicho Mole, arrived on Friday last in 17 days, and brings intelligence, that markets were low, except for fresh provision, which were extremely scarce; beef could not be procured, and flour, was a glut owing to the immense influx from the United States. The British troops had possession of the town, but the republicans were under its walls in great force. The fleet rendezvoused there to attack Port de Paix, but sailors could not be found to man them. A
second message, however, had been sent to General Lawson, from Col. Whitlock to surrender the place, and he received for answer, that no attempt would be made to prevent the landing of the British troops, but that they all might expect never to return.
The Schooner Swallow , of Philadelphia, had arrived at the Mole, but not finding the market to answer, cleared out for Port Dolphin, and altered his mind and went to Port de Paix. Information being received of this at the Mole, the name of the vessel and that of the master were registered in the Custom-House books, and a privateer sent out to take her.
Santhonax had fled from Jamaica, in a Danish vessel, and frequent excursions were made by the republicans, into Port-au-Prince in the night, and they had carried off considerable plunder.
From the General Advertiser.
It is surprising with what inveteracy the faction combat every sentiment advanced in favor of the supremacy of the people. In the Gazette of the United States of Friday last, under the modest head of detached observations we find a new definition, truly, of what has hitherto been understood by THE PEOPLE. By this definition all are excluded from the class, from a vote in the choice of Representatives, from a right of censuring the proceedings of government who are not proprietors of the soil or owners of some other visible property. It is only in a country where the most insignificant has a right to the expression of his opinion, that sentiments like these would go unpunished. Again, in the same paper, on Saturday, the omnipotency of the people in this government is denied, in a paragraph advertizing upon some observations on the subject of the Pittsburg riots which appeared in our last. But here those gentlemen can't at words; we asserted that all power is in the hands of the people, explaining at the same time that they have the power to choose and change their representatives, to instruct them, to remonstrate on their conduct, even to alter or annul their constitution; we could not be supposed to mean, that the American people should in a body make their laws and execute them, yet this is the meaning the gentlemen have chosen to apply.
They proceed to explain their doctrine which is that so long as the government exists, the power of the people is delegated and the moment that power is resumed by the people the government is extinct. Now we will ask the government extinct when the people exercise the right of remonstrating, or even is the constitution annulled the moment the people exercise their power to bring about a reform. [NO.]
Remarks on the Above.
Well was it said, "Ye know not what manner of spirit ye are of"—Experience every hour is testifying that the most violent pretensions to a love of liberty often cover the most despotic designs. It has more than once been proposed in the General Advertiser to suppress all freedom of opinion, by measures the most summary. A bare perusal of the sentiments alluded to in the above paragraphs, will serve to convince every candid reader, that no opinion was offered of a nature or tendency to justify the construction put on them by this truly intolerant paragraphist. But, can that mind be irradiated by one particle of the glorious flame of freedom which would suggest that the "most insignificant being" should be punished for sentiments? It is to the intelligence, the good sense of the people alone that we are to trust for our being preserved from the power of men who would soon make their will the sovereign law. That intelligence and good sense, led the people to adopt the constitution which is now the political ark of safety to their rights and privileges, the hope of the present and future generations—and odious only to those who can see beauty in anarchy and crimes.
FROM THE N. Y. DIARY.
To the Democratic Society of the City of New-York.
GENTLEMEN,
Since you have undertaken, and with astonishing avidity and perseverance to inspect into the conduct of Aristocrats and Tories who do not belong to your excellent institution, I think it my indispensable duty as a true and tried Whig , to communicate to you every abuse and infringement committed on your institution, and which is contrary to the true intent and meaning of all Democratic Societies . It is reported in this City, and I believe with good foundation, that one of your members (and more for what I know) have made a visit on board the Thetis frigate, while laying in this harbor, where it is said they were very politely used; and after par-
ling the glass freely, the officers very politely toasted the President of the United States, with a view, no doubt, to learn, whether there did still remain a spark of love to his most Gracious Majesty in this once rebellious land, they succeeded, and the Heroic toasted the Idiot ; and, what is more vexing, one of them had the impudence to make his boast, "that he had the honor to drink King George's health ."
If these gross insults pass with impunity, I am apprehensive that you are deviating very far from the objects you had in view.
WIGWAM.
New-York, July 22, 1794.
Mr. Paine's Dedication of his late work entitled "AGE OF REASON."
To my fellow Citizens of the United States of America.
I PUT the following work under your protection. It contains my opinion upon Religion. You will do me the justice to remember, that I have always strenuously supported the Right of every Man to his own opinion, however different that opinion might be to mine. He who denies to another this right, makes a slave of himself to his present opinion, because he precludes himself the right of changing it.
The most formidable weapon against errors of every kind is Reason. I have never used any other, and I trust I never shall.
Your affectionate friend and fellow citizen. THOMAS PAINE. Luxembourg, (Paris) 8th Pluviose, Second year of the French Republic; one and indivisible. January 27, 1794. O. S.
INTRODUCTION.
It has been my intention for several years past, to publish my thoughts upon Religion. I am well aware of the difficulties that attend the subject; and from that consideration, had reserved, to a more advanced period of life.—I intended it to be the last offering I should make to my fellow citizens of all nations; and that at a time, when the purity of the motive that induced me to it could not admit of a question, even by those who might disapprove the work.
The circumstance that now takes place in France, of the total abolition of the whole national order of priesthood, and of every thing appertaining to compulsive systems of religion, and compulsive articles of faith, has not only precipitated my intention but rendered a work of this kind exceedingly necessary; left, in the general wreck of superstition, of false systems of government, and false theology, we lose sight of morality, of humanity, and of the theology that is true.
To the above work is added, an abridgement of PRINCIPLES DESTROYED By J. M. Lequinio.
Member of the National Convention of France and Citizen of the Globe.
Mr. L. dedicates this extraordinary work, not to any particular nation, but to the whole universe: A future race may bless him for assailing the prejudices of the present, yet he aims not to procure their applause, but to ascertain their happiness and their liberty.
By this Day's Mail.
ALEXANDRIA, July 22. From the West-Indies.
Friday last, the 18th inst. the Schooner Harriot , Captain Stacum , arrived here from Antigua, and St. Martins. He informs that the French were in possession of Gaudaloupe on the 28th June, that on the 25th June, the French and British forces had an engagement, in which the former were victorious, the latter having lost upwards of one hundred men and four officers—that the British fleet was lying off Gaudaloupe, and their only expectation of retaking the Island was by starving the French—that Sonerelle , a notorious rascal, who had amassed a large sum by plundering the Americans, fell into the hands of the French with all his ill-gotten plunder. The French brought three " thaving mils ," which were employed in working up those aristocrats who were inimical to the cause of their country! That the people of Antigua were very desirous that Sir John Jervis should capitulate with the French, as it was generally believed that an attempt to retake the Island of Gaudaloupe by storm would be attended with fatal consequences—and that a fever raged in the British fleet, which carried off great numbers daily.
By a vessel arrived here from Turk's Island, we are informed that an American brig, which had lately failed from hence, had called in there, the Capt. of which gave an account that he had a few days before fallen in with a fleet of Spanish men of war, consisting of ten
fail, bound as he was informed by one of the squadron which brought him to St. Domingo, with troops to co-operate with the British forces in the reduction of such part of that Island as may yet be in the possession of the French. An English officer, who was passenger on board the brig when she fell in with this fleet, stated them to be French ships of war, and the soldiery on board them wore the National uniform and red cap of liberty; and further added, that they were bound for the relief of the French Island: another vessel, however, which arrived at Turk's Island, and had fallen in with the same fleet, confirmed the American captain's information.
BALTIMORE.
Saturday, July 26.
Yesterday arrived the privateer Sans Culotte , Capt. Dot , from off a cruise in the West Indies. The usual succ. attendant upon the exertions of Frenchmen, in their contest for liberty, has likewise accompanied these intrepid Republicans. Two Spanish Brigs laden with valuable cargoes of Sugar, Cotton, Indigo, &c. have been surrendered to them. They were taken in latitude of Porto Rico.
Letters from the Isle of France advise, that the Brig America , an American bottom, commanded by John Owen, a citizen of the United States, was laden at and sailed from the Isle of France in August 1792, on a voyage to the North-West coast of America; that having been successful, she had arrived at Macao, near Canton, at which place (having no knowledge of the war between England and France) she was in January 1794, captured by the British ship Lion , and made a prize of; the cargo was sold by the captors for upwards of $5,000 dollars, and the Brig was kept to act as a tender to the devouring Lion .
RICHMOND, July 25.
An express having arrived here, about 2 o'clock on Monday morning, to the executive, from Major Taylor, with information of the fitting out an armed vessel in Smithfield, for the purpose of privateering under a French commission, in defiance, and contrary to the laws of neutrality, so strictly enjoined, and that the proprietors to carry this illicit undertaking into effect, had resisted the Marshal in the execution of his office to prevent the same. The Governor with his wonted decision and activity in nipping every infringement on the laws, and enforcing due obedience thereto, speedily pursued the measures necessary to be taken in such cases. The Cavalry, Infantry and Artillery companies, commanded by Captain Hicks, Richardson, and Quarrier, headed by a General Officer, were immediately dispatched to the Marshal's assistance.
Too much praise cannot be given the citizens of Richmond for their zeal and readiness on this and every other occasion, where the service of their country, and preservation of its rights are involved—and surely it must be a sensible gratification to every patriot and lover of good order to behold the military ardor and emulative discipline so prevalent here, when they reflect that its tendency must be a terror to the foes of liberty, and a curb to the career of the licentious.
It does not appear from the foregoing that the report respecting the backwardness of the militia was well founded.
TO BE SOLD, BY THOMAS DOBSON, A N Alphabetical List OF THE DUTIES
Payable by law on all Goods, Wares, and Merchandise imported into the United States of America, after the last day of June 1784, distinguishing the rates payable on those imported in ships or vessels of the United States—and the rates payable on foreign ships or vessels, including the additional duties, to which the respective articles are liable.
July 29
Just Published,
And to be sold by
THOMAS DOBSON,
At the Stone House No 41, South Second Street, price 1-8th of a dollar.
An Impartial Review
Of that part of Dr. RUSH's Late PUBLICATION
On the YELLOW FEVER,
Which treats of its origin.
In which his opinion is shown to be erroneous—the introduction of the disease by importation proved, and the wholesomeness of the city vindicated.
By William Currie, Fellow of the College of Physicians, &c.
At the same place may be had Dr. Currie's Treatise on the Yellow Fever, And his account of the Climates and Diseases of America.
July 26

Excellent CLARET, In hogsheads and in cases of 50 bottles each A few cases Champaignewine; MADEIRA, In pipes, hogsheads and quarter casks, FOR SALE BY JOHN VAUGHAN, No. 111, South Front Street. Jan. 2, 1794. dit
GUTHRIE'S GEOGRAPHY Improved.
THE subscription for this work on the original terms, of twelve dollars and the binding, will be closed this day—and on Monday the subscription will open at fourteen dollars, exclusive of the price of binding.  The new maps added to this edition are twenty one; among which are those of New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, Vermont, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, Kentucky, North Carolina, the Genesee Government, South Carolina, and Georgia. These maps have never been given in any former system of Geography, and, it is hoped, would alone be sufficient to entitle this work to a preference to any other edition of Guthrie.  N. B. The map of the United States, which is compiling by Mr. Samuel Lewis, from the respective state maps, will be far more complete than any one yet published, and be printed on two large sheets of paper, nearly the size of the late Mr. Murray's map. May 31. d
THE following section of the law for establishing an Health-Office, &c. passed the last session of the Legislature, is re-published for the information of all concerned.  Wm. ALLEN, Health-Officer, for the port of Philadelphia, No. 21, Key's alley. June 2, 1794.
Sec. 7. AND be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, That every master or captain of any ship or vessel coming from beyond the sea (vessels actually employed in the coasting trade of the United States excepted) and bound to any port or place within the jurisdiction of Pennsylvania, shall cause his ship or vessel to be brought to anchor, or otherwise stayed in the stream of the river Delaware, opposite to the health-office on State-Island aforesaid, and there to remain until he shall have duly obtained a certificate or bill of health from the resident physician, in the manner and upon the terms herein before directed: and if, previously to obtaining such certificate or bill of health, any master or captain shall suffer his ship or vessel to approach nearer than the said health-office to the city of Philadelphia, or shall land, or cause or suffer to be landed, or brought on shore, at any port or place within this commonwealth, or at any other port or place, with the intent to be conveyed into this commonwealth, any person or persons, or any goods, wares or merchandise; or if after receiving such certificate or bill of health, he shall neglect or refuse to deliver the same to the health-officer agreeably to the directions of this act, such master or captain shall forfeit and pay, for each and every such offence, the sum of five hundred dollars to be recovered and appropriated as hereinafter provided and directed; and the captain or master of each and every ship or vessel, as soon as the same is brought to anchor, or otherwise stayed as aforesaid, shall send a safe and commodious boat to bring the resident physician on board of his ship or vessel, and shall in like manner convey him back to the health-office after he has concluded his official examination, or in case of any subsequent examination by the health-officer and consulting physician, as the case may be, each and every part of the ship or vessel, and shall present to his view each and every person on board thereof, and shall also true and satisfactory answers make to all such questions as the resident physician at the time of examination, or the health officer at the time of delivering the certificate, or bill of health, in the city of Philadelphia, or at the time of examination to be had by the health-officer together, with the consulting physician shall ask relative to the health of any port or place from which the ship or vessel failed, or has since touched at; the number of persons on board when the ship or vessel entered on her voyage, the number of persons that have since been landed or taken on board, and when or where respectively, what persons on board, if any have been during the voyage, or shall at any time of examination, be infected with any pestilential or contagious disease, what person belonging to the ship or vessel, if any died during the voyage, and of what disease, and what is the present state and condition of the persons on board with respect to their health and diseases; and if any captain or master of any ship or vessel shall refuse to expose the same as aforesaid to the search and examination of the resident physician, or of the health-officer and consulting physician, as the case may be; or if, having on board his ship or vessel any such person or persons, he shall conceal the same, or in any manner whatsoever he shall knowingly deceive or attempt to deceive the proper officer aforesaid in his answers to their official enquiries, such captain or master, for each and every such offence, shall forfeit and pay the sum of five hundred dollars, to be recovered and appropriated as hereinafter provided and directed; and wherever the resident physician, or consulting physician, as the case may be, shall direct any person or persons, or any goods, wares or merchandise to be landed at the health-office, or any ship or vessel to be detained opposite thereto, and there to be soaked, cleansed and purified, the captain of the ship or vessel shall in all respects conform to such directions, shall at the proper cost and charge of his employers carry the same into effect within such reasonable time as the resident physician, or consulting physician, as the case may be, shall allow and prescribe; and if any master or captain shall refuse or neglect to conform to these said directions, and to carry the same into effect as aforesaid, according to the respective objects thereof, he shall forfeit and pay the sum of five hundred dollars for each and every offence, to be recovered and appropriated as is hereinafter provided and directed.
Philadelphia, March, 1794. JUST PUBLISHED, By MATHEW CAREY, No. 118, Market Street, THE FIRST VOLUME OF A NEW SYSTEM OF Modern Geography: OR, Geographical, Historical, and Commercial Grammar; And present state of the several NATIONS OF THE WORLD. CONTAINING, 1. The figures, motions, and distances of the planets, according to the Newtonian system and the latest observations. 2. A general view of the earth, considered as a planet; with several useful geographical definitions and problems. 3. The grand divisions of the globe into land and water, continents and islands. 4. The situation and extent of empires, kingdoms, states, provinces and colonies. 5. Their climates, air, soil, vegetables, productions, metals, minerals, natural curiosities, feus, rivers, bays, capes, promontories, and lakes. 6. The birds and beasts peculiar to each country. 7. Observations on the changes that have been any where observed upon the face of nature since the most early periods of history. 8. The history and origin of nations; their forms of government, religion, laws, revenues, taxes, naval and military strength. 9. The genius, manners, customs, and habits of the people. 10. Their language, learning, arts, sciences, manufactures, and commerce. 11. The chief cities, structures, ruins, and artificial curiosities. 12. The longitude, latitude, bearings, and distances of principal places from Philadelphia. To which are added, 1. A GEOGRAPHICAL INDEX, with the names and places alphabetically arranged. 2. A TABLE of the Coins of all nations, and their value in dollars and cents. 3. A CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE of remarkable events, from the creation to the present time. By WILLIAM GUTHRIE, Esq.
The Astronomical Part corrected by BR. RITTENHOUSE. To which have been added, The late DISCOVERIES of Dr. HERSCHELL, and other eminent ASTRONOMERS. The FIRST AMERICAN EDITION, Corrected, Improved, and greatly Enlarged. The first volume contains twenty-one Maps and Charts, besides two Astronomical Plates, viz. 1. Map of the world. 2. Chart of the world. 3. Europe. 4. Asia. 5. Africa. 6. South America. 7. Cook's discoveries. 8. Countries round the north Pole. 9. Sweden, Denmark, and Norway. 10. Seven United Provinces. 11. Austria, France and Dutch Netherlands. 12. Germany. 13. Seat of war in France. 14. France divided into departments. 15. Switzerland. 16. Italy, Sicily, and Sardinia. 17. Spain and Portugal. 18. Turkey in Europe and Hungary. 19. Ireland. 20. West-Indies. 21. Vermont. 22. Armillary sphere. 23. Copernican system. With the second volume, which is now in the press, will be given the following Maps: 1. Russia in Europe and Asia. 2. Scotland. 3. England and Wales. 4. Poland. 5. China. 6. Hindostan. 7. United States. 8. British America. 9. State of New Hampshire. 10. State of Massachusetts. 11. State of Connecticut. 12. State of Rhode Island. 13. State of New-York. 14. State of New-Jersey. 15. State of Pennsylvania. 16. State of Delaware. 17. State of Maryland. 18. State of Virginia. 19. State of Kentucky. 20. State of North-Carolina. 21. Tennessee Government. 22. State of South-Carolina. 23. State of Georgia. TERMS. 1. This work will be comprised in two volumes. 2. Subscribers pay for the present volume on delivery, six dollars, and the price of binding, (50 cents for boards.) 3. They may receive the succeeding volume in twenty-four weekly numbers, at a quarter dollar each, or else, when finished, at the same price as the first. 4. The subscription will be raised on the first day of June 1794, to fourteen dollars, exclusive of binding. 5. Should any copies remain for sale after the completion of the work, they will be sold at sixteen dollars, and the price of binding. 6. The names of the subscribers will be published as patrons of American literature, arts, and sciences. It is wholly unnecessary to expatiate on the advantage to American readers, that this edition possesses, over every imported edition of any system of Geography extant. The addition of maps of the several states, procured a very great expense, and from the best materials that are attainable, speaks such full conviction on this subject, that it would be disrespectful to the reader's understanding to suppose it requisite to enter into a detail of arguments to prove its superiority. In no similar work have such maps been ever introduced. The emendations and additions which are made in this work, are innumerable, and occur in every page. The public are referred to the preface for a slight sketch of a few of them. The publisher takes the present opportunity of returning his most sincere thanks to those respectable characters who have favored him with documents for improving the maps of several of the states. He
requests a continuance of their kindness; and hopes that such public spirited citizens, as are possessed of similar documents, will favor him with their assistance in perfecting his undertaking. The extraordinary encouragement with which he has been favored, has excited in his breast the warmest sentiments of gratitude—sentiments which time will not efface. He pledges himself to the citizens of the United States, to spare neither pains nor expense to render the present edition of Guthrie's Geography improved, deserving of their patronage. waft
JAMAICA RUM, LANDING at Hamilton's wharf, above the Drawbridge, out of the ship BACCHUS Capt. VANNEMAN, from JAMAICA, FOR SALE BY PETER BLIGHT. May 16. d
Morris Academy. THIS institution is now open for the reception of students under the immediate care of Mr. Caleb Ruffell, whose abilities as an instructor, and attachment to the business have long been known and approved. He has under him the best assistants in the different branches—The scholars are taught the English, French, Latin, and Greek languages, Public-Speaking, Writing, Arithmetic, Geography, Astronomy, and the various branches of the Mathematics. The healthy situation of this place is such as to recommend it to those, who wish to have their children in the country. Boarding, washing, mending, &c. will be provided in good families, and the morals of the scholars carefully attended to. The price including tuition, firewood, &c. exclusive of the French language will not exceed thirty pounds proclamation money per annum; an addition of three dollars per quarter will be made to such scholars who are taught the French language. The Directors are determined to pay such attention to this institution, as will render it respectable and useful. GABRIEL H. FORD, TIMOTHY JOHNS, Jan. } Directors. NATHAN FORD, Morristown, May 15, 1794 ditw. w2m.
Christiana Mills For Sale. ON Monday the first day of September next at 8 o'clock in the evening, at the Coffee House in the city of Philadelphia will be sold by public vendue, two tracts or pieces of land situated in White Clay Creek hundred, New Castle county and state of Delaware; one of which contains about sixty acres of highly improved land, on it area large two story brick dwelling house, a convenient brick barn, with stabling and a carriage house underneath, an excellent kiln for drying corn; and the well known mills called Christiana Mills (late Paterson's) which being at the head of the tide on Christiana river, and but about half a mile from the landing, is conveniently situated for carrying the articles manufactured at the mills by water to Philadelphia.—This property being close to the road leading from Elkton to Christiana bridge, and at the head of the tide, with many other attendant advantages, renders its situation for the milling business so very valuable, as to be equalled by few and excelled by none. The latter tract containing 175 acres, is about one mile from the mills and is chiefly woodland, which being contiguous to water carriage to the city of Philadelphia, must be of increasing value, especially as there is a quantity of large timber in said tract suitable for the purposes of the mills. The terms upon which the above mentioned estates will be sold are—one thousand pounds to be paid on executing the deeds, and seven hundred and fifty pounds per annum, with interest for the remainder or proportionably for each part. Indisputable titles will be made for the property, by JOHN NIXON, ALEX. FOSTER, GEO. LATIMER. At same time and place will be sold a large BOAT, July 2 rw&sts
ADVERTISEMENT. LETTERS on the subject of the Washington Lottery, being by mistake repeatedly addressed to the Commissioners for the City of Washington. Persons concerned are hereby informed, that all such should be addressed either to W. Deakins jun. of Washington, or to the Subscriber. The commissioners never having contemplated any further concern in this business, than in their assent to receive the bonds and approve the names of the managers. The prizes have been paid and are paying on demand by W. Deakins, Washington, Peter Gilman, Boston, and by the Subscriber. For the Lottery No. 2, the securities already given will be retained by the commissioners, or transferred by them at their option to the bank of Columbia; and the commissioners will be consulted respecting a judicious and equitable disposition of the houses to be built thereby; their treasury or the bank of Columbia will receive the money intended for the National University, and they will be consulted in the nomination of the 24 managers; but all the responsibility respecting the general disposition of the tickets, and payment of prizes, will rest as in the Hotel Lottery, on the persons whose names are and may be hereafter published as assistants to forward this business with S. BLODGET. N. B. Mr. Blodget will be particularly obliged if those persons who possess prizes yet unpaid, will apply for their money as early as possible. June 7th. d.
Carolina Rice and Indigo, BAY MAHOGANY and FRENCH, BURR STONES, FOR SALE BY Gurney and Smith. May 14. d
FOR SALE, At the STORES of Jesse & Robert Waln, PORT WINE in pipes, bds. and quarter casks LISBON do. in pipes and quarter casks Souchong and Congo TEAS, in quarter chests A quantity of Lisbon and Cadiz SALT Soft shelled ALMONDS in bales Velvet CORKS, in do. Ruffia MATS. June 9. d
Richard Johns } In the Chancery Court John Wells and } of the Mordecai Cole. } State of Maryland, May 26th 1794 The Complainant hath filed his bill, for the purpose of obtaining a decree, to vest in him a complete legal title to two tracts of land, lying in Baltimore county, one called Paterson's-Levely, containing 100 acres, the other called Prospect containing 50 acres. He states, that the said John Wells on the 10th day of March 1774 contracted to sell the said land to the said Mordecai Cole, & executed to him a bond for conveyance, that the said Cole, on the same day, executed to the said Wells a bond for the payment of the purchase money amounting to £675 Pennsylvania currency, that the said Cole hath since discharged the whole of the purchase money, and hath assigned to the complainant the said bond for conveyance; that the said Wells hath never executed a deed, agreeably to his contract and now refuses in the state of Kentucky. It is thereupon, and at the request of the complainant, adjudged, and ordered, that he procure a copy of this order to be infortat least six weeks successively, before the first day of August next, in the United States Gazette at Philadelphia, to the intent, that the said John Wells may have notice of the complainant's application to this court, and may be warned to appear here, on or before the first Tuesday in October next, to show cause wherefore this court should not proceed to decree, agreeably to the prayer of the complainant, and to the act of assembly, for such cases made and provided. Test, Samuel Harvey Howard. Reg. Cur. Can. June 13 mw&fow
Just Published, In one handsome volume, 12mo. Price 5s AND FOR SALE BY JOHN ORMROD, At Franklin's Head, No. 41, Chestnut Street, AN ESSAY ON THE Natural Equality of Men, On the Rights that result from it, and on the Duties which it imposes. To which a MEDAL was adjudged, by the Teylerian Society at Haarlem. Corrected and Enlarged, by WILLIAM LAWRENCE BROWN, D. D. Professor of Moral Philosophy, and the Law of Nature, and of Ecclesiastical History; and Minister of the English Church at Utrecht. Aligni tempore ad communem utilitatem afternoon. CICERO. The First American Edition. THE grand principle of Equality, if rightly understood, is the only basis on which universal justice, sacred order, and perfect freedom, can be firmly built, and permanently secured. The view of it exhibited in this essay, at the same time that it represses the insolence of office, the tyranny of pride, and the outrages of oppression; confirms, in the most forcible manner, the necessity of Subordination, and the just demands of lawful authority. So far indeed, from loosening the bands of society, that it maintains inviolate, every natural and every civil distinction, draws more closely every social tie, unites in one harmonious and justly proportioned system, and brings men together on the even ground of the inherent rights of human nature, of reciprocal obligation, and of a common relation to the community. March 18. tut
MADEIRA, SHERRY, PORT, } WINES of the first quality LISBON, & TENERIFFE Old Jamaica Spirit, Antigua and West India Rum. Coniac, French and Peach Brandies Claret and Port Wine of a superior quality in cases. Wine Cider and Vinegar, in pipes and bds. Casks in Bales, Havannah Segars in Boxes. Philadelphia Porter, in Casks and Bottles London do. in do. do. Philadelphia Ale and Beer in do. do. London do. in do. do. Cider in barrels and bottles prepared for exportation or immediate use. FOR SALE BY Benjamin W. Morris, The corner of Dock and Pear Streets, Where he has provided suitable stores and vaults, for the reception of WINES, &c. Which he proposes to store or dispose of on commission. Captains of vessels and others supplied with any of the above LIQUORS bottled, and features in general put up. May 9 tu&f2m
FOR SALE, BY MATHEW CAREY, No. 118, Market-Street, An Essay on Slavery, Designed to exhibit in a new point of view its effects on morals, industry, and the peace of society. Some facts and calculations are offered to prove the labor of freemen to be much more productive than that of slaves ; that countries are rich, powerful and happy, in proportion as the laboring people enjoy the fruits of their own labor; and hence the necessary conclusion, that slavery is impolitic as well as unjust . Price 25 Cents. February 15. dit
THE office of the President and Directors of the INSURANCE COMPANY OF NORTH AMERICA, is removed to No. 107, South Front Street, being the fourth east corner of Front and Walnut streets.
The Public are cautioned to beware of counterfeited Five Dollar Bills of the Bank of the United States, and Twenty Dollar Bills of the Bank of North America, several of which have appeared in circulation within a few days past; they are good general imitations of the genuine Bills, but may be distinguished by the following
M A R K S. Five Dollar Bills of the Bank of the United States. ALL that have appeared have the letter F. for their Alphabetical Mark. The Texture of the Paper is thicker and whiter and it takes the ink more freely than the genuine paper. The O. in the word Company is smaller than the M. and other letters of that word, so that a line extended from the top of the O. to touch the top of the M. would extend considerably above the range of the whole word. In the word United the letters are narrower and closer together than the rest of the bill. The T and J in the word promise are not parallel, the J inclining much more forward than the T. The engraving is badly executed, the strokes of all the Letters are stronger and the devi-e in the margin particularly is much coarser and appears darker than in the true bills. Some of the counterfeits bear date in 1791—Whereas the Bank was not in operation till December, and no five dollar bills were issued in that year. Twenty Dollar Bills of the Bank of North America. ALL that have appeared have the letter B. for their Alphabetical mark. They are printed on a paper nearly similar to that of the counterfeited Five Dollar Notes above described; the engraving is better executed, and they approach nearer to the appearance of the genuine bills. The fine ruled lines through the word Twenty, in the body of the bill, are in number, thirteen in the genuine bills, and but twelve in the counterfeits. The word Company is much like the same word in the Five Dollar Bills as described above, the O being less than the M, and others following. There is no stroke to the T in the word North whereas in the genuine bills the stroke is well defined. The letters ent in the word Twenty, to the left hand at the bottom, do not come down to the line, but are so cut as to give an irregular appearance to the word, the Tw and the y going below them. The signature J. Nixon, has the appearance of being written with lamb-black and oil, and differs from other inks used in printing the bills and the cashier's signature. It is supposed these forgeries were committed in some of the Southern States, as all the counterfeits that have appeared, have come from thence, and two persons have been apprehended in Virginia, on suspicion of being the author of them. The reward of ONE THOUSAND DOLLARS will be paid to any Person or Persons who shall discover and prosecute to conviction the several offenders of the following descriptions or any of them, viz. The person or persons, who manufactured the paper on which the Bills are printed. The person or persons, who engraved the plates. The printer or printers, of the bills. Every person who has acted as a principal in any other way, in the counterfeiting, and uttering the said bills. Philadelphia, March 28, 1794 April 22, 1794
Other counterfeit bills of the Bank of the United States have appeared in circulation. The denomination is of TWENTY DOLLARS, and the alphabetical mark is the letter B. They may be distinguished from the genuine by the following MARKS: The paper of the counterfeits is of a more tender texture and glossier surface than the genuine, and there is no water mark in them. The letter C. in the word Cashier, in the true bills is strongly marked, whereas in the counterfeits, the whole letter is a fine hair stroke, evidently in an unfinished state. The letter a in the word demand, is badly formed and the whole word ill done and there is no comma at the end of it, as there is in the genuine bills. The marginal device, is much darker in the false, than in the genuine bills owing to the shade strokes being coarser, much nearer together, and consequently much more numerous. This difference strikes the eye at first view. The same reward of ONE THOUSAND DOLLARS, will be paid for apprehending & prosecuting to conviction the several above described Offenders in respect to this, as to the last described bills. THOMAS WILLING, President of the Bank United States. JOHN NIXON, President of the Bank of North America. By order of the Committee of the respective Boards.