The Patowmac guardian, and Berkeley advertiser (Shepherdstown, Va. [W. Va.]), 1790-12-20 00:00:00

Fresh Advices.
By the October Packet, arrived at New-York on the 27th ult. London Papers were received down to the 9th of October, from which the following intelligence has been extracted.
TREATY OF PEACE,
CONCLUDED BETWEEN
THE KING and CROWN of SWEDEN, on one part, and the EMPRESS of all the RUSSIAS, and the RUSSIAN EMPIRE, on the other.
In the Name of the Holy and undivided Trinity!
His Majesty the King of Sweden, and her Ma-jesty the Empress of all the Russias equally desirous of putting an end to the war which had unhappily broke out between them to re-esta-lish the friendship, harmony, and neighbour-hood which have long subsisted between their re-spective States and Countries, and mutually communicated to each other their respective intentions, and with a view to realize them, have proceeded on the following Articles.
ARTICLE I.
There shall be henceforward between his Ma-jesty the King of Sweden, and his estates, countries and nations on one part, and her Majesty the Em-prefs of all the Russias, and her estates, countries, and nations on the other,—perpetual peace, good neighbourhood, and perfect tranquility both by sea and land; and consequently the most speedy or-ders for the cessation of hostilities shall be given by each party. Whatever is past shall be forgot-ten; attention will only be paid to the re-esta-blishment of that harmony and mutual good will which has been interrupted by the present war.
ARTICLE II.
The limits and frontiers shall, on each side, continue as they were before the rupture, or the beginning of the present war.
ARTICLE III.
Therefore, all the countries, provinces, or pla-ces whatever, which have been taken or occupied by the troops of either of the contracting parties, shall be evacuated as speedily as possible, or 14 days after the exchange of the Ratifications of the present Treaty.
ARTICLE IV.
All prisoners of war, or others, who not bear-ing arms, have been taken by either of the bellige-rent parties during the course of hostilities, shall be set at liberty by each party without ransom; and they shall be permitted to return home with-out any indemnification being required by either party for their maintenance, but they shall be obliged to pay the debts which they have contracted with individuals of each respective state.
ARTICLE V.
And, in order to prevent the giving of the least occasion for a misunderstanding, at sea, between the contracting parties, it is stipulated and agreed, that whenever one or more Swedish men of war, whe-ther small or great, shall pass by the forts of her Imperial Majesty, they shall be obliged to give a salute in the Swedish manner; which shall be im-mediately answered by a salute in the Russian mode. The same shall be observed by Russian men of war, whether one or more; they shall be obliged to sa-lute before the forts of his Swedish Majesty, and they shall be answered by a Swedish salute.
In the mean time, the high contracting parties shall order, as speedily as possible, a particular Con-vention to be made, in which the mode of saluting between Swedish and Russian ships, shall be esta-blished, whether at sea, in port, or wherever they may chance to meet.
Till then—in order to prevent mistakes in the above case, ships of war belonging to either party shall not salute each other.
ARTICLE VI.
Her Imperial Majesty of all the Russias has al-so agreed, that his Swedish Majesty shall be at li-berty to buy every year corn to the amount of 50,000 roubles, in the ports of the Gulph of Fin-land, and the Baltic Sea, provided it be proved, that
it is for the use of his Swedish Majesty, or that it is for the use of some of his subjects duly authorised by his Majesty, without dues or charges, and to ex-port it freely into Sweden.—In this, however, bar-ren years shall not be included, nor such years in which, for some important reasons, her Imperial Majesty may be induced to forbid the exportation of grain to any nation whatever.
ARTICLE VII.
As the eagerness of the high contracting par-ties, for the speedy termination of those evils with which their respective subjects have been afflicted in consequence of war, does not allow them time for the regulation of many points and objects tend-ing to establish firmly a good neighbourhood, and perfect tranquility of the frontiers, they agree, and mutually promise to pay attention to those points and objects, and to discuss and regulate them ami-cably, by means of Commissioners or plenipotentiary Ministers, whom they shall appoint immediately after the conclusion of the present Treaty of Peace.
VIII.
The Ratifications of the present Treaty of Peace shall be exchanged in the space of six days, or sooner if possible.
In testimony whereof we have signed the pre-sent Treaty of Peace, and sealed it with our arms.
Done in the plain of Verce, near the river Rymene, between the advanced posts of each camp, the 11th of August, 1790.
GUSTAVUS MAURE, BARON D'ARMFELT. OTHO, BARON D'IGLESTON.
PA September 17.
NATION OF FRANCE.
THE President of the National Assembly, in which he pleads the want of health, and the unea-siness of a wife equally virtuous and tender, as the motives which have determined him to with-draw wholly to the asylum which he had quitted to the service of the state. The National Assem-bly had demanded an account of the receipt and ex-penditure of the public treasure, from the 1st of May, 1789, to the 1st of May, 1790. "I have," he says, "brought it up to the 21st of July." And he believes it may be already known if there exists in any article of expence by which he may be lia-ble to blame. If there should, he offers and leaves in guarantee his house in Paris, his house in the country, and his property in the Royal Treasury, which has long amounted to 2,400,000 livres; and he requests only to draw out 400,000 livres, which the state of his affairs on leaving Paris renders ne-cessary. The remainder he commits to the cus-tody of the Nation. He concludes his letter in these words:
The envy and injustice which I have experien-ced, suggested to me the idea of the guarantee which I now offer; but when I compare these with my conduct in the administration of the finances, I cannot help adding it to the singularities which have distinguished my life.
I have the honor to be, &c. (Signed) "NECKAR." Letter was reading, a profound silence prevailed in the Assembly, and the resignation of M. Neckar was received as a matter perfectly in-different.
It there appears that M. Neckar lost no time in quitting Paris; for on the 11th inst. we see a letter of complaint sent by him from an inn at d'Arcy-sur-Aube, where he was arrested by the Na-tional Assembly. His letter had its effect, and an order was issued for his enlargement.
M. Nourissat, president of the Commit-tee of Finances, stating that a great part of the city of Limoges was consumed by fire. By this unfortu-nate event, 800 families have lost their all, and are consequently reduced to the most wretched distress. The National Guards of the town, and the royal regiment of Navarre, ventured their lives to stop the progress of the flames, but in vain. The admin-istrators of the department acted with the great-est humanity on the occasion; they immediately ordered the sum of 300 livres to be distributed a-mong the unfortunate sufferers, which they drew from the Caisse des Domaines.
A report was made of a very extraordinary na-ture. An order had been given by the Executive Power for fitting out at the port of Brest, with all expedition, the ship Le Ferme. She was accord-ingly prepared, and on the point of sailing, when she was, to the surprise of the whole fleet, stopped by the Municipality of Brest, without their assign-ing the least reason for this extraordinary conduct.
How they will excuse this piece of Quixotism it is not easy to conceive.
The Assembly passed a decree, importing that it is a fundamental part of the French Constitution, that no Municipal or Administrative Body shall take upon them to oppose the departure of a ship of war; and that the King be addressed to cause this decree to be published at all the sea-ports of the kingdom.
A petition was read from the Municipality of Versailles, stating, that the town of Versailles was threatened with an armed banditti of above 2000 men who hovered in the park of Versailles under pretence of hunting, but in fact subsisted on plunder. The Assembly ordered the matter to be taken into immediate consideration by the Committee of Feudal Rights.
The revolt of the soldiers at Breton, and the great reason to suspect that it is encourag-ed by the prevailing party of our modern politici-ans. All the present officers of the navy are sup-posed to be Aristocrats; the object is by some means or other to get rid of them, in order to make room for others more in sense of the Revolution.
L O N D O N, October 1.
According to our former report, the Parliament do not meet this month. It was, by order of his Majesty in Council, farther prorogued yesterday.
Yesterday arrived at the Admiralty, Captain Berkley, of the Rury sloop of war, who has for some time past been cruising off Cadiz, and on the coast of Spain, for the purpose of watching the mo-tions of the Spanish fleet. Previous to his return, he communicated his observations to General O'Hara, at Gibraltar, who had charged him with dis-patches of the utmost importance to this country—giving information that a camp is forming on the plains of Andalusia, and that other indications of immediate hostilities have been observed.
Captain Berkley has fortunately made a very quick passage—he left his ship at sea, and came on shore in an open boat, for expedition.
Immediately after his arrival at the Admiralty, Sir Robert Boyd was sent for to the Board, and re-ceived his orders to repair immediately to his Go-vernment at Gibraltar.
Captain Berkley reports the Spaniards to be in great force in their different ports, with the sails of their ships unbent, and apparently ready for sailing.
Though hostilities are not yet actually declared against Spain, there can be no impropriety in term-ing that country our enemy. Hostile dispositions is now avowed on both sides, and it waits but for the word of command to produce immediate acti-on.
The Empress of Russia seems disposed to make peace with the Turks on very liberal terms. She offers to give up her conquests made from them dur-ing the present war, except Oczakow.
The criminal proceedings of the Chatelet of Pa-ris, on a denunciation of what happened at Ver-sailles on the 5th and 6th of October, 1789, are published at last, by order of the National Assem-bly, and are the general topic of conversation.
From the present posture of affairs, it is pretty evident, that the negotiations now on foot will ter-minate in an appeal to the sword.
We have stated before in our Portsmouth corres-pondence, that the Acteon, of 44 guns, with an-other ship, had been stationed at St. Helen's, with orders to search all vessels in the strictest manner going to Spithead, either through the Needles, or from the Eastward; while two sloops are cruising to the Westward for the same purpose.
The orders given on this occasion are very pe-remptory, and direct the Commanders to search the holds, cabbins, and most minute parts of every vessel making sail towards Spithead in the night: even the cargoes are to be overhauled;—and if in the day they are to examine with sufficient minute-ness, to be certain that they come with no hostile intention, or at least not with the means of putting their designs into execution.
The reason alledged for this measure is, that Go-vernment have received authentic information of a plan being meditated by our enemies, to introduce a fire-ship or rafter among the fleet at Spithead—a diabolical scheme!—which, if not prevented, would, in all probability, be attended with the most fatal and ruinous consequences to the vast force lying there, and to the nation at large.
They write from Munich, dated the 10th of Sep-tember, that the Austrian army, composed of more than 39,000 men, are already in full march.
This army is to pass in two columns through the circles of Bavaria, Suabia, Franconia, and the Up-per Rhine; and every disposition is made with such for fight to facilitate their passage, that their march will be continued without any impediment.
The motion made in the National Assembly for a new election of Representatives, it is said, met with considerable applause; but it is feared no good to the new form of government will result from it.

an opportunity for many of the moderate men to retire from a scene of anarchy and disorder, and afford to the Aristocrats an opportunity of seizing the reins of Government.
A number of French Houses have been selling out of the funds to a very considerable amount, since the arrival of the last messenger from Madrid.
The above circumstance is augmented much in the city in favour of war, as the politics of Spain at present depend upon the intrigues of France.
In about ten days, an augmentation will be made to the Marine Corps—of ten or fifteen companies: this is a very necessary appendage to the navy.
It is expected that the next Gazette will announce the meeting of Parliament at an early day, for the dispatch of public business. Had the despatches from Spain been favourable, that august Assembly would not have been convened till after Christmas.
On board the Dunmore, from Nassau, New Providence, lately arrived, were shipped 522 bales of cotton, weighing 111,121 lbs. the growth of the Bahama Islands; the largest quantity ever brought in one vessel from that port.
Accounts were received by government within these few days, that a treaty had been proposed by the Empress to Denmark, for a general junction of interests between the three Northern Powers, and in consequence, despatches have been forwarded to the Danish Court, with the sentiments and determination of our Cabinet, in case such an alliance
The procrastination of the Court of Spain, may, in fact, be considered as a defiance to this country. There is no reason, however, to suppose that Great Britain will any longer be trifled with, or delay asserting her own honour.
Since the arrival of the British Messenger from Madrid, the general opinion continues for war; and so far as the stocks may be considered as a barometer of the times, their indications seem to point the same way—still down one per cent. and according to present appearances, more likely to fall than rise.
OCTOBER 5. Retrospective View of the State of Politics during the last Week.
The tedious negotiation between Spain and this country appears to have very lately taken a more serious turn, and to have put on a more hostile aspect than ever.
Two causes may, without difficulty, be assigned for this sudden change, viz. the cruel treatment of Captain McDonald, by a Spanish Barbarian, (which has been fully authenticated before the Privy Council) and the unfavourable, we might say, insulting answer of the Court of Spain—brought by the last messenger.
Within these few days, Stocks have fallen between 1 and 2 per cent. and are expected to fall still lower.
Unfavourable as this time of the year is for the beginning of military operations, it is not improbable that a rupture will actually take place—and that a blow will be struck before winter is fully set in.
We hesitate not to declare, (however unpopular such a declaration may be) that France ought first to feel the avenging arm of Britain. Though prostrate, still treacherous—the has not, in respect to foreign politics, in the least abated her usual intrigues. Her conduct will warrant us in thus construing her intentions:—“I am sick and dejected at present, do not take an advantage of my situation. I am willing to shake hands and be friends with you—till I have recovered my strength—in the mean time, honour, which on other occasions I always despised, requires that my small share of strength be added to that of your enemies!!”
But in a good cause, British valour, cemented by unanimity, is invincible;—and, much as a wise statesman, a true patriot, and a good man would heartily avoid bringing on this country the calamities of war, the public indignation will call upon him to suffer those feelings to give way to public justice.
In the national assembly, the discussion of the assignats has already occupied several sittings.
The subject has not been illuminated, even with the rays of M. Ricquette's genius, though he has already made a long harangue in defence of his favourite measures. He has, however, altered his opinion, as to the quantum of the proposed emission. He was for 2000, and now he is satisfied with 1000 million worth of paper.
More tumults and insurrections have broke out at St. Domingo, in Upper and Lower Valais—at Mavence, &c.
These are but the beginnings of sorrow. An universal convulsion seems at hand, which will shake the thrones of tyrants, and produce a new and glorious epoch in the annals of mankind.
Britain seated on a rock, in the midst of waters, will only be called upon to chastise the dying efforts of despotism, and to settle afterwards the peace and the liberty of Europe.
The proroguing of Parliament to a distant day is understood as an indication of approaching hostilities. May they be of short duration, and successful and honorable to this country!
An engagement between the Austrian and Brabanters ended with great loss (800 men) to the latter; Congress appears far from being discouraged by this check, and are determined to support their cause to the last extremity. This account is dated Brussels, October 1.
The war between Spain and the Barbary States has begun by the cannoning of Tangier, in the beginning of September.
Congress of the UNITED STATES.
PHILADELPHIA, December 9.
MONDAY last being the day appointed for this meeting of the National Legislature, in this city, now the Seat of Government of the United States, thirty-one members of the House of Representatives assembled in the Hall in Chestnut-Street, which number not being sufficient to constitute a quorum, they adjourned to Tuesday, eleven o'clock, A. M.
Fifteen members of the Senate also assembled in the Senate Chamber.
TUESDAY, December 7.
Hon. Mr. Scott, and Mr. Heister, appeared and took their seats.
Hon. W. B. Giles, member from Virginia, elected to supply the vacancy occasioned by the death of the Hon. T. Bland, appeared, produced his credentials, was qualified and took his seat.
The House being formed—
On motion of Mr. Boudinot, the Clerk was directed to inform the Senate, that a quorum of the House being now assembled, they are ready to proceed to business.
A Message was received from the Senate, by their Secretary Mr. Ois, informing the House that a number sufficient to constitute a quorum of the Senate, being assembled in the Senate Chamber, they are ready to receive communications from the Hon. House.
A committee was appointed, consisting of Mr. Boudinot, Lawrence and Smith, (S. C.) to join a committee of the Senate, to wait on the President of the United States, and inform him that a quorum of both Houses are now assembled—a message was sent to the Senate, by the Clerk, to inform them of the above vote.
A message was received from the Senate, informing the House that they have appointed a committee consisting of the Hon. Mr. Morris, and the Hon. Mr. Langdon, to join a committee of the Hon. House, to wait on the President of the United States, and inform him that a quorum of both Houses being assembled, they will be ready in the Senate Chamber to receive such communications as he may be pleased to make.
A motion was made by Mr. Termore, that the House should concur with the Senate; this being objected to, the motion was withdrawn.
The House then non-concurred that part of the Senate's message which assigned the place of receiving the President—and the Clerk was directed to inform the Senate of the same.
After which a message was received from the Senate, informing, that they concur in the vote of the House—and the committee proceeded to wait on the President.
Mr. Boudinot, of the joint committee on the part of the House, reported that they had waited on the President of the United States, and delivered the message of both Houses.
The President informed the committee that he would meet the two Houses in the Senate Chamber to-morrow 12 o'clock. Adjourned.
WEDNESDAY, December 8.
The House met pursuant to adjournment.
In consequence of a message from the Senate, that they were ready to receive the House of Representatives in their chamber.
Mr. Speaker, attended by the members of the House, about twelve o'clock withdrew to the Senate Chamber, for the purpose expressed in the joint resolution of both Houses, passed yesterday—and being returned,
Mr. Speaker laid before the House a copy of the speech delivered by the President of the United States, to both Houses of Congress, in the Senate Chamber, as follows:
Fellow Citizens of the Senate, and House of Representatives,
IN meeting you again I feel much satisfaction in being able to repeat my congratulations on the favourable prospects which continue to distinguish our public affairs. The abundant fruits of another year have blessed our country with plenty, and with the means of a flourishing commerce—The progress of public credit is witnessed by a considerable rise of American stock abroad as well as at home—And the revenues allotted for this and other national purposes, have been productive beyond the calculations by which they were regulated—This latter circumstance is the more pleasing as it is not only a proof of the fertility of our resources, but as it assures us of a further increase of the national respectability and credit; and let me add, as it bears an honorable testimony to the patriotism and integrity of the mercantile and marine part of our citizens—The punctuality of the former in discharging their engagements has been exemplary.
In conforming to the powers vested in me by the acts of the last session, a loan of three million of florins, towards which some provisional measures had previously taken place, has been completed in Holland, as well the celerity with which it has been filled, as the nature of the terms (considering the more than ordinary demand for borrowing created by the situation of Europe) give a reasonable hope, that the further execution of those powers may proceed with advantage and success. The Se-
cretary of the Treasury has my direction to communicate such further particulars as may be requisite for more precise information.
Since your last session, I have received communications, by which it appears, that the District of Kentucky, at present though a part of Virginia, has concurred in certain propositions contained in a law of that state; in consequence of which, the district is become a distinct member of the union, in case the requisite sanction of Congress be added; for this sanction application is now made; I shall cause the papers on this important transaction to be laid before you. The liberality and harmony with which it has been conducted will be found to do great honour to both the parties, and the sentiments of warm attachment to the union of its present government, expressed by our fellow citizens of Kentucky, cannot fail to add an affectionate concern for their particular welfare to the great national impressions under which you will decide on the case submitted to you.
It has been heretofore known to Congress that frequent incursions have been made on our frontier settlements, by certain banditti of Indians, from the northwest side of the Ohio. These, with some of the tribes dwelling on or near the Wabash, have of late been particularly active in their depredations, and being emboldened by the impunity of their crimes, and aided by such part of the neighbouring tribes as could be subdued to join in their hostilities, or afford them a retreat for their prisoners and plunder, they have, instead of listening to the humane invitations and overtures made on the part of the United States, renewed their violence with fresh alacrity and greater effect. The lives of a number of our most valuable citizens have thus been sacrificed, some of them under circumstances peculiar to a state of captivity. These aggravated provocations rendered it essential to the safety of the western settlements that the aggressors should be made sensible that the government of the union is not less capable of punishing their crimes, than it is disposed to respect their rights, and reward their attachments. As the object could not be effected by defensive measures, it became necessary to put in force the act which empowers the President to call out the militia for the protection of the frontiers: and I have accordingly authorised an expedition, in which the regular troops in that quarter are combined with such drafts of militia as were deemed sufficient. The event of the measure is yet unknown to me. The Secretary at War is directed to lay before you a statement of information on which it is founded, as well as an estimate of the expence with which it will be attended.
The disturbed situation of Europe, and particularly the critical posture of the great maritime powers, whilst it ought to make us thankful for the general peace and security enjoyed by the United States, reminds us at the same time of the circumstances with which it becomes us to preserve those blessings. It requires also that we should not overlook the tendency of a war, among the nations most concerned in active commerce with this country to abridge the means and thereby at least enhance the price of transporting its valuable productions to their proper markets. I recommend it to your serious reflections, how far and in what mode it may be expedient to guard against embarrassments, from these contingencies, by such encouragement to our own navigation, as will render our commerce and agriculture less dependent on foreign bottoms, which may fail us in the very moments most interesting to both of these great objects. Our fisheries in the transportation of our own produce offer us abundant means for guarding ourselves against this evil.
Your attention seems to be not less due to that particular branch of our trade which belongs to the Mediterranean; so many circumstances unite in rendering the present state of it distressful to us that you will not think any deliberations misemployed which may lead to its relief and protection. The laws you have already passed for the establishment of a judiciary system, have opened the doors of justice to all description of persons. You will consider in your wisdom whether improvements in that system may yet be made, and particularly whether an uniform process of execution on sentences issuing from the federal courts be not desirable through all the states.
The patronage of our commerce, of our merchants and seamen, has called for the appointment of Consuls in foreign countries: it seems expedient to regulate by law the exercise of that jurisdiction, and those functions which are permitted them, either by express convention or by a friendly indulgence in the places of their residence.
The consular convention too, with his Most Christian Majesty, has stipulated in certain cases, the aid of the national authority to his Consuls established here; some legislative provision is requisite to carry these stipulations into full effect.
The establishment of the militia, of a mint, of standards, of weights and measures, of the post-office and post-roads, are subjects which (I presume you will resume of course) and which are abundantly urged by their own importance.
Gentlemen of the House of Representatives.
The sufficiency of the revenues you have established for the objects to which they are appropriated, leaves no doubt, that the residuary provisions will be commensurate to the other objects for which the public faith stands now pledged. Allow me moreover to hope, that it will be a favorite policy with you not merely to secure a payment of the interest of the debt funded, but as far and as fast as

the growing resources of the country will permit, to exonerate it of the principal itself.
The appropriations you have made of the western lands, explain your dispositions on this subject; and I am persuaded that the sooner that valuable fund can be made to contribute along with the other means to the actual reduction of the public debt, the more salutary will the measure be to every public interest, as well as the more satisfactory to our constituents.
Gentlemen of the Senate and House of Representatives.
In pursuing the various and weighty business of the present session, I indulge the fullest persuasion that your consultations will be equally marked with wisdom, and animated by the love of your country. In whatever belongs to my duty, you shall have all the co-operation which an undiminished zeal for its welfare can inspire. It will be happy for us both, and our best reward, if by a successful administration of our respective trusts, we can make the established government more and more instrumental in promoting the good of our fellow citizens, and more and more the object of their attachment and confidence.
C. WASHINGTON.
December 8, 1790.
On motion of Mr. Williamson, resolved, that the said speech be committed to the consideration of a committee of the whole House to-morrow.
On motion of Mr. Williamson, it was resolved, that two Chaplains of different denominations, be appointed to Congress for the present session: one by each House, who shall interchange weekly.
Ordered, that the Clerk of the House do carry the said resolution to the Senate, and desire their concurrence.
On motion, Messrs. Sherman, Clymer, Williamson, were appointed a committee to bring in a bill for the regulation of the office and post roads.
Mr. Williamson after some prefatory observations on the utility of newspapers, and their merit, moved, that each member be furnished with three at his own election. This motion was ordered to be on the table.
The House adjourned till to-morrow.
AUGUSTA, October 30.
A report prevails here that Brigadier general McGillivray has been sent to some of the Spanish mints. It is said that Mr. Secretary Howard waited on the general on his arrival in the St. Mary, with compliments from the governor of East-Florida, and intimated his earnest desire of seeing the new brigadier, and hence it is concluded that this visit terminated in introducing the general to the supposed place of his present residence. Various are the conjectures occasioned by this report; some maintain that a war with Spain is inevitable, and that the dignity of the United States, and the magnanimity of the secretary at war can never brook the insult—whilst others insist that it is a meritorious act of the Spaniards, in punishing the American general as a defeated Spanish colonel.
NEW-YORK, November 22.
Translated Extract of a letter from one of the French Emigrants to Scituate, dated Crique des Buffaloes, on the Ohio, October 20.
“An accident having happened to one of our boats, we have put into a small creek, on the east side of this great river, to repair the damage. I am now writing on the stump of a tree we have just cut down, so that you will not look for elegance or fine sentiments in this short letter, which I send you by a young man, a native of Pennsylvania, who is going into New Jersey. We travelled by short day-journeys to the place of embarkation, and cannot say much in favour of the manners of the inhabitants on the road by which we passed, a very few excepted, who paid some attention to us, and sold the productions of their farms at a reasonable rate; as to the others, they took every advantage, and frequently imposed upon us in the most shameful manner, demanding three or four prices for the casual refreshments of which we and our little ones had occasion. We hope soon to arrive at our new territory, where we shall find things in their original state, such as God made them, and not perverted by the hand of ungrateful man.
“To some these surrounding woods might appear frightful deserts; to me they are the paradise of nature, waiting to be cultivated by the hand of humanity and civilization, not by mere savage sons of the earth, whose ideas and manners are, if possible, more wild and uncivilized than the bears and wolves that alarm us with their nocturnal groanings and howlings. What happiness do I anticipate in those sequestered solitudes to which I am hastening! there are no hosts of greedy priests to devour the gleanings of the needy; no seas of blood to wade through to recover lost liberty—here all is quiet, and the savages themselves shall be taught the art of cultivating the earth, refinement of manners, and the duties of genuine devotion. Under this free and enlightened dominion the unfortunate and oppressed of our nation shall ever find an asylum; their language and customs will here be preserved in their original purity for ages to come, and France shall find herself renovated in the western world, without being disgraced by the scrip of kings, or seeing her best blood wasted in gratifying the ambition of knaves and sycophants.—The weather is already cold, my hand is benumbed, and our little temporary cabin is so full of smoke, I dare not venture in, so I bid you adieu; to-morrow we pursue our route, and hope to be fixed in comfortable houses before the 25th of December.”
PHILADELPHIA, Nov. 26.
The resolution of the Virginia Assembly respecting the Assumption of State Debts by Congress, exhibits a very curious phenomenon in the history of the United States. The majority who voted in favour of the resolution, it seems, fell asleep in September 1787, (just before the rising of the Federal Convention) and did not awake till a few weeks ago; during which time the Federal Government was adopted and established in all the States. Their vote therefore must be ascribed to ignorance of what passed during their long sleep. The Resolution is calculated only for those years of anarchy which preceded the general ratification of the present HAPPY NATIONAL GOVERNMENT . It is now nugatory and ridiculous—and we hope while the sleepy voters in its favor will be treated with pity, the well known instigator of it, who never sleeps while there is “mischief afloat,” and whose eyes are constantly fixed on his Georgia territory, will be treated with universal contempt.
Nov. 24. The ensuing session of Congress will be highly interesting to the United States: The objects which will arrest the attention of the august national legislature, are of the greatest magnitude.—Although much has been done—yet much remains to be effected; but the general approbation with which the proceedings of government have been received—the harmony and good understanding which pervade the States under its auspices, and the encreasing advantages which the people realize from the laws of the Union, will animate our civil fathers in the prosecution of their duty—for the highest testimony of public merit, is the success of public measures.
Among many other important subjects of legislative deliberation and decision, which will probably come before Congress, are the establishment of a national mint , and a national bank—uniformity of weights and measures—the post office, and post roads, ways and means to pay the interest on that part of the national debt which was left unprovided for the last session—the organization of the militia—with a variety of incidental business, interesting to particular states, corporations, and individuals, to which the general government alone can pay a competent attention.
Dec. 1. Saturday last the PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES, his LADY and Family, arrived in this city from Virginia.
While happy millions grateful bend the knee To that Almighty Power that made them free; Their ardent prayers, prevailing, shall ascend For Freedom's Guardian and the World's best Friend! Extract of a letter from a merchant in London, to a gentleman in this city, dated October 6, 1790.
“War is considered here as certain with Spain, and of course with the French. Our preparations are immense—though so great a confidence have we in our present Minister that stocks have kept, considering the occasion, very steady.”
A Correspondent, who attended the debates of Congress, during the last session, informs us, that he exults in the prospect of the encreasing grandeur, wealth and their security , to the union. Notwithstanding some contentions, which became local, serious and interesting, their termination, however, was cordially received by men of reflection and temper through the southern states; and particularly by one who was expected to express marked disapprobation of the act of assumption, viz. Virginia; however the members who voted for that measure were re-elected, on a supposition, that as free and virtuous agents, they had voted on free and constitutional principles, forgetting local jars and interests, which should be absorbed in the general good.—
ALEXANDRIA, Dec. 9.
DIED—Mr. JOHN SUMMERS in the 103d year of his age. He was born within thirty miles of this place, in the State of Maryland, and settled in the year 1715 in this Country, where he has resided ever since. He has left children, grand-children, great-grand-children, and great-great-grand-children to the number of near four hundred.
SHEPHERD'S-TOWN, December 20.
WESTERN EXPEDITION.
The following particulars of the late expedition under General HARMER, against the Savages, collected from some of the militia that had returned to Pittsburgh, are received on Saturday last, from a correspondent at York-Town.
The army consisting of about 3 or 400 regulars, 1000 militia, with about 40 cavalry, set out from Fort Washington the first of October. Marched 17 days, to the Miami village. A party of 600 marched before and were in two days before the main body. Found the town deserted by all but two Indians, who made their escape by crossing the river St. Joseph. Wounded one of them after crossing the river, who dropped from his horse; the horse was taken and blood discovered on him, but there being thickets the Indian was not found. Some houses burned down to the cellars, and the ashes on the foundation under which a great quantity of corn was found, which was buried there, supposing that by this deception it would not be found.—Corn found in the woods, in holes under ground, and in hollow trees, to the amount of about 5 or 6000 bushels, was destroyed. Beans buried in leather bags, and dryed provision, some pickles, also a great quantity of potatoes, cabbage and turnips were destroyed. There was great marks of civili-
zation in gardening. The houses of logs, some framed and weather boarded with clapboards.
Colonel Harden, who commanded all the militia, entered and encamped at the town before the arrival of the remainder of the army. About four or five acres of the town was picketed. Next day, drew there days provisions, and a party dispatched, about 300 under Colonel Trotter and Major Rhea; marched along the great road about three miles, saw two Indians, which the light horse pursued and killed. One of our light horse men was wounded by one of these Indians in the pursuit, and died two days after. Proceeded on and discovered about 30 Indians on the road before us, they seemed to be wheeling in the rear to attack the guard that was sent off with the wounded light horse man: we went back with the guard almost to the town, not knowing what number of Indians might be along. Then returned, and proceeding, marking and tracing the Indian trails until the evening, when we returned to camp. There were five towns close together, where there was corn, &c. which were all burnt.
We were under arms all this night, and next morning at day break, marched the same way as the day before, under Col. Harden. This party consisted of about 200, with Major Fountain and the light horse, proceeded six or seven miles, and left about thirty men to keep watch at a particular place.—Saw trails of Indians crossing the road in many places, and saw where there had been a camp, about nine miles from the town we left. We were marching in columns in a swamp; Lieut. Armstrong commanded one, when he was attacked by the Indians in ambush, forming a half moon. All retreated. The Indians rushing in with their tomahawks, the regulars bayoneting them till all were cut off: we speak of Mr. Armstrong's men. Many of the Indians must have been killed. We lost about 70 men this day. Got into the camp, which had moved to another town about three miles, but to which we were directed by the firing of the cannon. Next day were employed in burning corn, and killed two Indians that came to the fire and principal town. The day following we marched eight miles towards home and encamped. In the night Colonel Harden, Major Willis, Major Fountain, Major McMullan, and Colonel Hall, with about 400 men went back to the town about day light, and in four parties marched to different quarters of the town; each party was attacked, and skirmished three hours. Major McMullan with his party, drove a party of the Indians into the Miami river, who marched thro' the river seven men deep; many of them were killed in the river, as Colonel Harden and his party were on the opposite side of the river, so that the savages were between two fires, but the Colonel was obliged to retreat, and in the retreat lost many men, Major Willis with about 60 men cut off by a party coming in his rear through some hazels. Lieut. Frothingham fell at this time.
Major Fountain in the engagement commanding the horse having ordered his men to retreat, but in a phrenzy of courage himself, rode directly back into the throng of the Indians, and cutting and slashing about him till he was wounded, and carried off by two of his men to the river bank, and laid among the willows, he was not dead then, but a scattered party, who were more advanced, on their retreat this way, saw him dead and scalped. Major Willis was left mortally wounded, and wished to be helped on his horse to give them another charge, but in the hurry of the retreat it could not be done.
The whole amount of Indians killed is supposed to be about 200. We lost about 160 killed and 22 wounded—in all 182.
A regular soldier wounded, out five days, and having eat nothing, overtook us on our march home.
WAR CERTAIN.
A gentleman who passed through this town on Friday last from George-Town, informed us, that letters had been received at that place from Philadelphia, acquainting, that a vessel had arrived in that port from London, which brought accounts, that WAR was absolutely declared by England against Spain, before she left the Downs.
From our much-esteemed correspondent at Philadelphia, we on Saturday last received papers containing London intelligence down to the 14th October, but want of room obliges us to postpone any selections from them, until our next. From the complexion of the foreign paragraphs in these papers, War must have been declared against Spain previous to the 20th October.
It is truly melancholy to observe the issue of the late bloody war between Sweden and Russia. The second article of the treaty of peace declares that the “limits and frontiers shall on each side continue as they were before the rupture, or the beginning of the present war.”—Alas! why then all that dreadful carnage which has for several years filled our papers? It has ended in NOTHING being gained by either side. The great Duke of Sully declared 200 years ago, that this would be the case in all future European wars, and yet the nations of Europe continue to make war upon each other—or rather they continue to fight national duels .
The Subscriber returns his most grateful thanks to the citizens of this town and its vicinity, for the generous encouragement they have given him; and at the same time informs them, that his School of Vocal Music, will re-commence this evening, at six o'clock, at Mr. DOWELL'S SCHOOL-HOUSE.
G. WILKINSON.
Dec. 20, 1790.

SEAT OF THE MUSES.
THE POWER OF INNOCENCE.
A TRUE STORY.
WHEN first the nuptial state we prove, We live the happy life of love: But when familiar charms no more, Inspire the bliss they gave before; Each less delighting leis is loved, First this, then that, is disapproved; Complacence flies, neglect succeeds; Neglect, disdain and hatred breeds. 'Twas thus a pair, who long time proved, The joys to love, and be beloved. At length fell out with trifling things; From trifling, anger briefly springs, The wish to please forsook each breast, Love's throne by baleful rage possessed, Resolved to part; they'd meet no more, Enough. The chariot's at the door— The mansion was the lady's own— Sir John resolv'd to live in town; Writings were drawn; each cause agreed; Both vow'd they'd ne'er recall the deed. The chariot waits. Why this delay? The sequel shall the cause display. One lovely girl this lady bore, Dear pledge of joys she tastes no more; The father's, mother's darling, she, Now kiss'd and practis'd on each knee— Sir John, when rising to depart, Turn'd to the darling of his heart, And cried with ardour in his eye, "Come, Betsy, bid Mamma good bye." The lady trembling answer'd, "No— "Go, kiss Papa, my Betsy, go" "The child shall live with me," she cried, "The child shall chuse," Sir John replied. Poor Betsy look'd at each by turns; And each the starting tear discerns; My lady asks with doubt and fear, "Will you not live with me my dear?" "Yes," half resolv'd replied the child, And half suppress'd her tears the smil'd. "Come, Betsy," cried Sir John, you'll go, "And live with dear Papa, I know," "Yes" Betsy cried—the lady then, Address'd the wondering child again "The time to live with both is o'er; "This day we part to meet no more: "Chuse then"—Here grief o'erflow'd her breast, And tears burst out, too long suppress'd. The child, whose tears and chiding join'd Suppos'd Papa, displeas'd unkind: And tried with all her little skill, To soothe his oft relenting will. "Do," cried the lisping, Papa do "Love dear Mamma / Mamma loves you!" Subdu'd the source of manly pride, No more his looks his heart belied; The tender transports forc'd its way; They both confess'd each other's sway; And prompted by the social smart, Breast rush'd to breast, and heart to heart; Each clasp'd their Betsy o'er and o'er; And Tom, drove empty from the door.
Ye that have passions for a tear, Give nature vent, and drop it here.
A N E C D O T E.
A Gentleman at Margate having been lately cleated out of a considerable sum of money at cards, was storming furiously, when some gentlemen came up and enquired the cause of it—"Nothing," repli- ed the Sharper, very gravely, "but the gentleman is a little offended at my making GAME of him."
E X T R A C T S.
"No!" said an Italian gambler, after an intoler- able run of ill luck, "no, thou jade Fortune! Thou may'st indeed cause me to lose millions, but I defy thy utmost power to make me pay them."
None fight with true spirit, who are overloaded with CASH. A man who had been fortunate at cards, was applied to, to act as a second in a duel, at a period when the seconds engaged as heartily as the principals. "I am not," said he, "the man for your purpose just at present; but go and apply to him from whom I won a thousand guineas last night, and, I warrant you, he will fight like any de- vil!"
Wanted immediately, A lower Room, or Chamber. One in the Front Street will be prefer- red. Apply to the Printer.
A Stray.
CAME to the Plantation of the Sub- scriber, about a month ago, a small black GELD- ING, about four years old. He is posted and ap- praised to forty-two shillings Virginia Currency.— The owner may have him by proving his property and paying charges.
GILES COOKE, sen.
December 3, 1790.
Richard M c Sherry,
At his NEW STORE in Martinsburg,
(Lately Mr. M c KEWA's Tavern) Is now opening and has ready in stock, on the lowest terms, by wholesale and retail.
BEST old Jamaica and Antigua Spi- rits,
West-India and New-England Rum, London Madeira, Lisbon, Teneriff and Claret Wines, Loaf, Lump and Brown Sugar, Molasses, Coffee, Chocolate and Cotton, Hyson, Green and Bohea Tea, Ginger, Pepper, Allspice and Mustard, Gun-Powder, Shot, Flints, and Bar Lead, Indigo, Copperas and Madder, Crawly and blistered Steel, Cotton and Wool Cards, Iron and Salt, Queen's and Glass Ware.
Cath, Wheat, Rye, Oats, Bees-Wax, Indian Corn, and Public Securities, will be received in Payment.
Fort-Cumberland Nail-Manufactory.
At this place I make all sorts of
Nails, Brads, Spikes,
and SPRIGS,
Which I will sell low for cash, or country produce. I also want a Number of NAILORS, that are good workmen, and I will give good wa- ges.
JOHN PEIRCE.
November 22, 1790.
N. B. At this place we work all Stone Coals.
F O R S A L E, A
Valuable Plantation,
Situated in BERKELEY COUNTY, About 8 miles from SHEPHERD'S-TOWN, and one mile from HALL'S MILL, containing about 363 a- cres, 100 of which is now under improvement, has a good ORCHARD, with 120 bearing APPLE- TREES, a two-story stone DWELLING-HOUSE, with a KITCHEN, BARN, convenient OUT-HOU- SES, LOOM-HOUSE, DISTIL HOUSE, &c. &c. There are on the above Land 20 Acres of excellent MEADOW, and a number more might easily be made. A stream of good water runs through the whole Meadow. The Plantation is under good im- provement. Whoever may incline to purchase the above Land, are requested to apply to the Sub- scriber, living on the premises.
THOMAS CROW.
November 23, 1790.
Notice!
WHEREAS my Wife Catharine Lind- sey, for a long time past, has behaved herself in an unbecoming manner, which I have suffered with every fortitude I was master of, but, on my late re- turn from Winchester, I not only discovered her criminally connected with another man, but that she had run me in debt at several places in this town—I therefore am, in justice to myself, obliged to forbid all persons trusting her in future on my account, as I will pay no debt of her contracting, after this date.
DAVID LINDSEY.
Shepherd's-Town, November 23, 1790.
W A N T E D, A GOOD MILCH COW.
Any person who has one to dispose of, may hear of a purchaser, by applying to the Printer.
NOTICE is hereby given, that agree- able to Law the following Tracts of Land, or so much thereof, will be sold for the Taxes due there- on, and the expences, viz.
 JOHN BELL, 150 Acres for 1787 and 1788.  Jonas Bean, 100 for ditto  William Chambers, 225 for ditto  George Coon, 187 for ditto  George Clarke, 115 for ditto  Samuel Davis, 100 for ditto  Benjamin Foreman, 200 for ditto  Tho. Lord Fairfax, 761 for ditto  John Fleed, 100 for ditto  Michael Ingle, 90 for ditto  Matthias Keen, 30 for ditto  John Lemon, 79 for ditto  John Loer, 1 Lot,  Edward M c Kenny, 100 Acres for ditto  James Nourse, 879 for ditto  John Rizer, 103 for ditto  Jacob Roads, 295 for ditto  Daniel Rust, 100 for ditto  William Small, 150 for ditto  Wil. Vastall's heirs, 283 for ditto  James Willett, 123 for ditto  Thomas White, 167 & half for ditto  John Wimmer, 1 Lot  Bazel Abrams, 100 for 1788  John Brannon, 200 for ditto  Sam. Banks's exec's. 127 for 84, 85, 86, 87 & 88.  Jonathan Brown, 100 for ditto  William Barnes, 200 for ditto  William Crawford, 1 Lot for ditto  Clarke, 1 do. for ditto  John Crockett, 1 do. for ditto  Col. Carlyle's exec's. 4 do. for ditto  Thomas Dent, 550 Acres for ditto  James Elliot, 100 for ditto  James Edmondson, 743 for ditto  George Elkridge 1000 for ditto  James Fulton, 150 for ditto  Peter Finagle, 40 for ditto  George Foland, 2 Lots  Nancy Fox, 148 Acres ditto  Tho. Lord Fairfax, 750 do. and 5 Lots,  William Fitzhugh 1 Lot,  Michael Faulkner, 1 do.  William Gilbreath 105 Acres,  William Grant, 100  Richard Graham, 400  Jean Logan, 272  David Hofman, 240  Hamlin, 800  Higgins's exec. 1 Lot  Col. Howard, 1 do.  Col. Hite, 2 do.  Jeremiah Hotkinson, 200 Acres,  John Jackson's exec. 86  Joseph Keen, 300  Adam Kellon 1 Lot,  Fielding Lewis, 1 do.  Luke & M c Back, 1 do.  William M c Mahan, 300 Acres,  Thomas M c Intire, 200  Joseph Mitchell, 145  Mary Manning, 300  John Noland, 1 Lot,  William Neal, 100 Acres,  William Neely, 400  John Perkins, 172  M. Page, 1 Lot,  Daniel Reed, 10 Acres,  Ann Roberts, 100  Thomas Ruffel, 1 Lot,  Gapser Seever, 96 Acres,  John Stull 1 Lot,  Henry Stephens & Co. 1 do.  Jacob Tabler, 1 do.  Mebling Woolery, 2 do.  Jacob Ward's exec. 50 Acres,  Williams & Cary 100  Henry Yakey 450 
The sale will commence the 10th of FEBRUARY next, on the Land of John Bell, and continue from Day to Day, until the Whole is sold.
SMITH SLAUGHTER, (Late Sheriff Berkeley County.)
December 3, 1790.
BERKELEY COUNTY,
THIS is to give notice to all persons, that I have given my promissary notes, bearing date the 31st day of August, 1789, to the amount of forty pounds , payable at different times, two for fifteen pounds , and one for ten pounds , Pennsylvania money, unto a certain PHILIP MILLER, for a tract of land, which notes I forewarn any person or persons to take an assignment of, as I will not pay them until he makes me a title according to bargain.
MATHIAS RISER.
Wanted immediately, by the Printer hereof, A strong active Lad, who has received a tolerable education, would be taken as an Ap- prentice to the Printing-Business.