The Virginia gazette (Williamsburg [Va.]), 1776-05-18 00:00:00

VIRGINIA
GAZETTE.
WITH THE FRESHEST ADVICES,
BOTH FOREIGN AND DOMESTICK.
IN CIVITATE LIBERA LINGUAM MENTEMQUE
LIBERAS ESSE DEBERE.---Suet. in TIB. S. 28.
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And WILLIAM HUNTER.
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The SPEECH of Governor JOHNSTONE, in the House of Commons, on Thursday the 26th of October, 1775.
[Continued from our last.]
KNOW there are many men high in favour who are for abridging the liberties of the people in the colonies. My system, on the contrary, is for preserving them sacred and inviolate, according to their several ancient institutions, the variety of which forms the harmony and beauty of the whole. There is no middle institution, as in this country, to balance between the people and the Crown; the Assemblies are their only barrier; they are, therefore, the favourite institution of the people; to them they look for protection against the exactions, oppressions, and extortions of Governors, and are, on that account, cautious and jealous of any infringement that shall diminish their power. The Honourable Gentleman [Governor Lyttelton] who seconded this address, has been long employed as his Majesty's Representative in the colonies, first in Carolina, and lastly in Jamaica. Every thing he offers to this House must derive great weight from these circumstances; his abilities are undisputed. I have not the honour of knowing him, but I have heard his talents universally acknowledged. Having been on the spot in some places, it must give him many additional advantages, for I maintain it is impossible for any man who has not seen with his own eyes, and heard with his own ears, to know equally well the manners, customs, dispositions, and other circumstances necessary to form a true judgment on the present contest with the colonies. But it is also necessary to know some leading circumstances respecting the person who offers his information and advice, before we hastily concur in his opinion. The Honourable Gentleman says, "it may appear strange, that he, who has grown grey in the service of America, should now appear among the first to propose those coercive measures, which by some are termed cruel and harsh;" but this he excuses from his humanity. I say, it may appear strange to some who are not acquainted with the history of that Gentleman's administration so well as I, that he should take this forward part. But here I premise, that I do not enter into the merit of the dispute which that Gentleman had with the Assembly of Jamaica, because it is beyond my present argument. All I assert is, that he had an unfortunate dispute with that body, which lasted two years; that, during this period, they would do no business with him, or raise any money; that he dissolved the Assembly more than once, and still a great majority were found against his measures; that he was at last recalled, and a successor appointed, who cancelled his proceedings, upon one of the most unfortunate representations that ever attended any man on leaving his government. I am, therefore, not surprised that the Honourable Gentleman should be inimicable to American Assemblies, or that he should be ready to join with those who have found out a shorter way of governing them than by the general sense of the people, seeing they are so troublesome, on many occasions, to the repose of a Governor.
The Honourable Gentleman has given us some account of the debilitated state of men in the other provinces he had the honour to command, and hinted at means for subduing their spirit, in a manner which inclines me to believe he has not left many more friends behind in that colony than in Jamaica. Administration has been so much misled by those partial and illiberal accounts of men in the gross, that I dare say they will be cautious how they trust to such intelligence again. Neither my reading or observation give me leave to think the people in Carolina will be behind any of the colonies in supporting and defending rights which are so essential to securing every thing that is dear to them as British subjects. The Honourable Gentleman had occasion to lead them to war on a certain occasion; I wish he would tell the House how they behaved. If southern climates have such strange effects in enervating the human frame, give me leave to hope at least that the Honourable Gentleman has escaped this contagion. The other scheme he alludes to, of calling forth the slaves, is too black and horrid to be adopted; neither would it answer, if Administration were wicked enough to make the attempt. The state of slavery cuts off all the great, magnanimous, and inventive powers of the human mind, but it rather strengthens fidelity and attachment. The Roman history fully confirms this: Amidst the multiplied treachery of friends and relations, amidst the greatest temptations, during the corruption of that government, the slave was seldom or ever unfaithful to his master. The principle lives in human nature. Where mankind are deprived of the means of getting subsistence, where they are accustomed to look up to another for food, raiment, and protection, they insensibly forget the original injury they sustained, and become attached to their masters. In general I must also observe, that matters are kind to their slaves. It is not he who uses the scourge and the whip, which the Honourable Gentleman has mentioned, that is the first to put the mulet on his shoulders in such glorious contests as these. It is not he who tortures and frets his fellow creatures, but he who feels that universal benevolence which extends his affections to all men in their several stations, who feels the spirit of equality, who knows the principles of liberty, who understands the consequence of those rights, without which we are always worse men and worse subjects, and who is willing, for the benefit of children yet unborn, to seal the truth of his doctrine with his blood. It is not to men of this temper that slaves will prove unfaithful. I shall rather expect to see them flock round his standard, though I admit the experiment is too dangerous on either side. I say again, the whole of our blunders, oppressions, and mistakes, in these unfortunate disputes, have arisen from ignorance in the first principles of government; gross ignorance in the several constitutions of the colonies; ignorance in the power we could apply to subdue them, and still greater
ignorance of the end to be obtained by such an attempt. To each of those I will severally speak.
I say it demonstrates a perfect ignorance of the history of civil society, to assert (which is the captivating argument used in this House, for breaking down all the barriers of liberty in America) that two independent legislatures cannot exist in the same community, and therefore we are to destroy the whole fabric of those governments which has subsisted for so many years. Mankind are constantly quoting some trite maxims, and appealing to their limited theory in politics, while they reject established facts. I say, a free government necessarily involves many clashing jurisdictions, if pushed to the extreme. I maintain this species of government must ever depend more on the spirit of freedom, that first established it, than on all the parchment you can cover with words. I aver, that in the most active triumphant commonwealth which ever appeared on the stage of the world, two distinct legislative authorities did actually exist: The comitia tributa and the comitia centuriata. The whole government of Athens would appear as containing so many ridiculous paradoxes to those wise politicians; the actual state of Holland, where every town is a distinct government within itself; the deliberations of the States General, where no money can be raised unless the whole are unanimous. No new laws made or any old ones repealed against one dissenting voice. All these would appear impossible to such politicians who are ever supposing mankind ready to destroy themselves; nevertheless the facts are equally certain. If the best parts of our constitution were to be stated to a foreigner, the trial by jury, where twelve men must be unanimous in their opinion, in causes the most intricate and nice, where even the ablest council differ in opinion, he would be led to imagine justice might stand still; yet we all know nothing proves so easy in the execution.
[To be continued]
Mess. DIXON & HUNTER.
GENTLEMEN, YOUR paper is universally esteemed for its freedom and impartiality; and as the LIBERTY of the PRESS is the palladium of our LIBERTIES, I beg leave to quote a few sentiments of a late ingenious author relative to it, which please to insert.
He first observes, that the liberty of the press is inviolably connected with the liberty of the subject, and proves it thus: The use of speech is a natural right, which must have been reserved when men gave up their natural rights for the benefit of society. PRINTING is a more extensive and improved kind of speech. Blasphemy, perjury, treason, and personal slander, are the principal offences which demand restraint; the three first are offences against the whole community; the last (personal slander) being only an offence against individuals, if the punishment of it be carried beyond the damage sustained by the persons aggrieved, it is not only contradictory to the principles of the constitution, but also dissonant to the laws of reason.
The exercise of this liberty of the press, amidst all the persecutions it laboured under, had the good effect of putting the nation upon their guard in the reign of King Charles II. It was by the exercise of the same liberty that every motion of the Popish faction was proclaimed and opposed in the reign of King James II. It was by means of the truth conveyed by the press that the Ministry of the four last years of Queen Anne became odious to the public, and that his late Majesty (George I.) escaped falling into the snare laid for him by the Jacobite party to obstruct his accession to the throne, which his illustrious House was called upon to defend. C I V I S.
Some particulars of the proceedings of the American fleet at the island of NEW PROVIDENCE, in a letter from the Captain of marines on board the ALFRED, dated NEW LONDON, April 10, 1776.
THE 17th of February we left Cape Henlopen, and after a very pleasant passage of 15 days came to anchor off the island of Abacco, about 17 leagues distant from New Providence, where we brought to several small vessels belonging to Providence, which gave the Commodore an opportunity of inquiring into the state of the island, as to its defence, and found it very well supplied with warlike stores, and an object worthy of our attention, as it was not sufficiently manned to give us opposition. The vessels we then had in our possession were detained as transports, to carry the marines over to Providence. We embarked, and made sail on Saturday evening the 2d of March, and on Sunday, at 2 o'clock, landed all our men (270 in number) under my command, on the east end of the island, at a place called New Guinea. The inhabitants were very much alarmed at our appearance, and supposed us to be Spaniards, but were soon undeceived after our landing. Just as I had formed the men I received a message from the Governor, desiring to know what our intentions were. I sent him for answer, to take possession of all the warlike stores on the island belonging to the Crown, but had no design of touching the property, or hurting the persons, of any of the inhabitants, unless in our defence. As soon as the messenger was gone I marched forward to take possession of fort Montague, a fortification built of stone, about half way between our landing-place and the town. As we approached the fort, within about a mile (having a deep cove to go round, with a prodigious thicket on one side, and the water on the other, entirely open to their view) they fired three 12 pound shot, which made us halt, and consult what was best to be done. We then thought it most prudent to send a flag, to let them know what our designs were in coming there. We soon received an answer, letting us know that it was by the Governor's orders they fired. They spiked up the cannon and abandoned the fort, and retired to the fort within the town. I then marched and took possession of it; in which were found 27 pieces of cannon (12, 18, and 22 pounders) not
much damaged. They were spiked with nails and spikes, which are easily taken out. I thought it necessary to stay all night and refresh my men, who were fatigued, being on board the small vessels, not having a convenience either to sleep or cook in. The next morning by day light we marched forward to the town, to take possession of the Governor's house, which stands on an eminence, with two 4 pounders, which commands the garrison and town. On our march I met an express from the Governor to the same purport as the first. I sent him the same answer as before. The messenger then told me I might march into the town, and, if I thought proper, into the fort, without interruption; on which I marched into town. I then draughted a guard, and went up to the Governor's and demanded the keys of the fort, which were given to me immediately, and then took possession of fort Nassau. In it there were 40 cannon mounted, and well loaded for our reception, with round, langrel, and canister shot. All this was accomplished without firing a single shot from our side. We found in this fort a great quantity of shot and shells, with 15 brass mortars; but the grand article, powder, the Governor sent off the night before, viz. 150 casks. Immediately after we were in the fort, I sent for the Governor, and made him prisoner until the Commodore arrived, which was soon after. We remained at Providence till we got all the stores on board the fleet, and took our departure the 17th of March. We have brought with us, from Providence, the Governor, his Secretary, and one Mr. Ervin, Receiver General of his Majesty's Customs, who belongs to South Carolina."
Mess. DIXON & HUNTER.
GENTLEMEN, SUSSEX, April 24, 1776. NOTWITHSTANDING the public is much indebted to a Gentleman whose political sentiments appeared in your gazette of the 13th instant, for his accurate calculations, yet I cannot help thinking but we might have been benefited in a much higher degree, had the writer treated the subject with more candour. He enumerates the many and great advantages which America would receive from a free and unlimited commerce, but forgets that this commerce would meet with daily interruptions from the most powerful naval force in the whole world, and consequently the profits which might accrue from it could not be half so considerable as if carried on without molestation: And so fond is he of his favourite doctrine, that he thinks nothing of the losses we should certainly sustain, nothing of the lives of thousands of our fellow creatures, which would inevitably be sacrificed if independence was at once declared. An ingenious writer will never suppress any weighty argument which can be urged on the opposite side of the question, but will sum up the whole which reason suggests, and then draw his conclusion, without partiality or prejudice. That the Americans are able to throw off their dependence on Britain, and still be a happy people, I hope, appears obvious to all; but this is not to be done in a moment. Time is necessary to bring about an event of such importance as this, and a sea of blood must be spilt before it can be effected. And that Britain would fall from that state of grandeur, which has distinguished her for ages past, if separated from the colonies, has been foretold by an able Statesman, no less famed for his goodness of heart, than his skill in politics. But why should we, through an impetuous zeal, involve ourselves still deeper in an expensive war, for the sake of injuring a people with whom we have been long connected, and in which connexion we once were happy, when perhaps it may be avoided? If commissioners are coming over, why should we condemn their propositions before we have heard them? It is ungenerous, it is absurd. The writer above-mentioned seems to dread the wiles and artifice of a corrupt Ministry; but I am thoroughly satisfied that our Congress is superior to any Ministry on earth in point of abilities. However closely attached some men may be to their own opinions, I think, that in matters of this nature we ought to be governed by the wisest and most discerning among us: These undoubtedly form the Congress, and therefore let our line of conduct be drawn by the Congress. I am, with esteem, &c. A LOVER OF LIBERTY.
CHARLESTOWN (S. C.) March 27.
A LETTER from Cape Nichola Mole, dated the 10th instant, says, "We have got a reinforcement of 4000 soldiers from France, and as many more are expected in April, with 10 sail of men of war; likewise as many for the Windward Islands. There are some small hopes of an accommodation, by the accounts from Jamaica. The Court of England have applied to the French and Spaniards for assistance; but they gave for answer, that they would have nothing to do in family quarrels. Other accounts say, that the French will oppose the Russians interfering in this dispute, which I believe may be the case."
April 3. On Thursday last the new constitution, agreed on by our Congress, by the approbation of the Continental Congress, "to serve for regulating the internal polity of this colony, until an accommodation of the unhappy differences between Great Britain and America can be obtained, an event which is earnestly desired," was published here in due form. A detachment of the provincial regiment of artillery, and the Charlestown militia, were drawn up in Broad street from the State House to the Exchange, where the constitution was read, and the commissions of JOHN RUTLEDGE, Esq; President and Commander in Chief, and HENRY LAURENS, Esq; Vice President of the colony, were proclaimed, amidst the shouts of the numerous spectators, firing of field pieces, and the cannon on board the provincial armed vessels.
On Friday the 22d ult. Capt. Turpin, in the provincial armed Brigantine Comet, of 18 guns, retook the sloop Hetty, of this

port, which Captain Tollemache seized this bar in December last. Her name was changed to the General Clinton; she had some cohorn and swivels, with twelve men on board, and served as a tender to the Falcon man of war. A hard gale separated Captain Turpin from his prize; the former arrived here on Sunday fortnight, and the latter, with Captain Tufts, on Saturday last.
A letter from Wilmington, dated the 24th of last month, mentions, that General Clinton had failed from Cape Fear.
We hear that the Brigantine Georgia packet, Captain Bunner, from Philadelphia for Savannah, with a cargo of flour, &c. has been taken by the men of war at Cockspur; and a sloop from this port or New York, and another from Georgetown for Salem, have been taken by those on the North Carolina station.
We hear from Savannah, that a party, in which were some Indians, lately went to Tybee Island, where they took thirteen Negroes and some others prisoners, and killed three or four marines.
IN GENERAL ASSEMBLY, April 3, 1776. ORDERED , that the joint address of this House and the Legislative Council, this day presented to his Excellency the President and Commander in Chief, together with his Excellency's answer, be forthwith printed, and made public.
By order of the House.
PETER TIMOTHY, Clerk.
To his Excellency JOHN RUTLEDGE, Esq; President and Commander in Chief in and over the Colony of South Carolina.
The ADDRESS of the LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL and GENERAL ASSEMBLY.
May it please your Excellency,
WE the Legislative Council and General Assembly of South Carolina, convened under the authority of the equitable constitution of government established by a free people in Congress, on the 26th ult. beg leave most respectfully to address your Excellency.
Nothing is better known to your Excellency than the unavoidable necessity which induced us, as members of Congress, on the part of the people, to resume the powers of Government, and to establish some mode for regulating the internal polity of this colony; and, as members of the Legislative Council and General Assembly, to vest you, for a time limited, with the executive authority. Such constitutional proceedings, on our part, we make no doubt will be misconstrued into acts of the greatest criminality, by that despotism, which, lost to all sense of justice and humanity, has already pretended, that we are in actual rebellion. But, Sir, when we reflect upon the unprovoked, cruel, and accumulated oppressions, under which America in general, and this colony in particular, has long continued; oppressions which, gradually increasing in injustice and violence, are now, by the inexorable tyranny, perpetrated against the United Colonies, under the various forms of robbery, conflagrations, massacre, breach of public faith, and open war; conscious of our natural and unalienable rights, and determined to make every effort in our power to retain them, we see your Excellency's elevation from the midst of us, to govern this country, as the natural consequence of such outrages.
By the suffrages of a free people you, Sir, have been chosen to hold the reins of government, an event as honourable to yourself as beneficial to the public. We firmly trust that you will make the constitution the great rule of your conduct: And, in the most solemn manner, we do assure your Excellency, that in the discharge of your duties, under that constitution, which looks forward to an accommodation with Great Britain (an event which, though traduced and treated as rebels, we still earnestly desire) we will support you with our lives and fortunes.
In the Legislative Council, the 3d day of April, 1776.
GEO. GABRIEL POWELL, Speaker.
In the General Assembly, the 3d day of April, 1776.
By order of the House.
JAMES PARSONS, Speaker.
His EXCELLENCY'S ANSWER.
Honourable Gentlemen of the Legislative Council, Mr. Speaker, and Gentlemen of the General Assembly,
MY most cordial thanks are due, and I request that you will accept them, for this solemn engagement of support, in discharging the duty of the honourable station, to which, by your favour, I have been elected.
Be persuaded, that no man would embrace a just and equitable accommodation with Great Britain more gladly than myself: But, until no desirable an object can be obtained, the defence of my country, and preservation of that constitution, which, from a perfect knowledge of the rights, and a laudable regard to the happiness of the people, you have so wisely framed, shall engross my whole attention.
To this country I owe all that is dear and valuable, and would, with the greatest pleasure, sacrifice every temporal felicity to establish and perpetuate her freedom.
J. RUTLEDGE.
To his Excellency JOHN RUTLEDGE, Esq; President, and Commander in Chief of the province of South Carolina.
The humble ADDRESS of the BAPTIST CONGREGATIONS, in said province.
May it please your Excellency,
WE beg leave, Sir, to congratulate you on your appointment to the first place of command in this province, and assure your Excellency, that we fully approve of the choice of our representatives, in Provincial Congress assembled, of a Gentleman of your known abilities, attachment to your country, and unabating ardour in the cause of liberty, to so important a trust.
With grateful hearts, we acknowledge the pains which both you, and your worthy colleagues, have taken, and the services you have thereby rendered the American cause, in attending the Hon. Continental Congress, and we doubt not, Sir, but that you will make it your chief care to secure the lives, liberties, and properties of the inhabitants of this province, and to render them as easy and as happy as possible, under your administration.
We assure you, Sir, that we are well satisfied with our present form of government, and hope ever to demean ourselves as good subjects and citizens, and doubt not but we shall find that protection from those in power, which freemen, and friends to an open and free government merit. Tyranny and oppression we hate, and therefore cannot but approve of the measures adopted by America, to oppose the efforts of Britain to enslave us.
We are sensible, Sir, that the reins of government are put into your hands at a most critical juncture; we hope, therefore, that every individual will use his utmost endeavours to make you as easy and happy as your situation in life will admit of.
Your Excellency may rest assured of our best wishes and prayers, for your peace, happiness, and felicity, both in this world, and that which is to come.
Signed, in behalf of the Baptist Congregations in general, this 30th day of March, 1776.
OLIVER HART, Pastor of the Baptist Church in Charleston.
ELHANAN WINCHESTER, Pastor of the Baptist Church, at Welch Neck, on Pee Dee.
His EXCELLENCY'S ANSWER.
Gentlemen,
I AM much obliged to you for your congratulations and good wishes, and for the sentiments of my conduct and character, contained in your address.
Be assured, that, abhorring tyranny and oppression as much as any man, I shall make the security of the lives, liberties, and properties of my countrymen, my only care; and that every friend to a free government shall receive my utmost protection.
J. RUTLEDGE.
To the Rev. Oliver Hart and Elhanan Winchester, in behalf of the Baptist Congregations in South Carolina.
In the GENERAL ASSEMBLY, April 6, 1776.
Ordered, that the following resolutions be forthwith printed and made public.
By order of the House.
PETER TIMOTHY, Cl. G. A.
WHEREAS the Honourable the Continental Congress hath resolved, "that in the present situation of affairs it will be very dangerous to the liberties and welfare of America, if any colony should separately petition the King or either House of Parliament." And whereas no step should be left unassayed to promote the general welfare: And whereas the sending commissioners from Great Britain to treat with the different colonies, is dangerous to the stability of the liberties of America: Therefore, resolved, that it is the opinion of this House, that no measures should be left unassayed to establish the liberties of America, and to place them, as far as may be, out of the reach of fraudulent schemes to subvert them by negotiation; and that this colony should not enter into any treaty or correspondence with the Court of Great Britain, or with any person or persons under that authority, but through the medium of the continental Congress.
Resolved also, that it is the opinion of this House, that if any person or persons sent from Great Britain, to treat with the several colonies, shall arrive in this colony by water, such person or persons, and their retinue or company, should not, upon any pretence be allowed to land, or to remain in the colony longer than forty eight hours, wind and weather permitting; or, while so remaining, to hold any communication with any person in this colony, but through his Excellency the President; and if any such persons shall arrive by land, they should be forthwith carefully escorted out of the colony, and not be permitted to hold any intercourse with persons not for that purpose authorized by the President, and that for the mere purpose of accommodation.
THE following is an exact list of the number of men employed in provincial ships and privateers during the last war in America.
 Nova Scotia, 300  Massachusetts Bay, 2300  New Hampshire, 500  Rhode Island, 1500  Connecticut, 900  New York, 1200  Pennsylvania, 1060  Maryland, Virginia, and the other Southern colonies, 1000  8760 
Besides these, many of the merchantmen, who were letters of marque, carried from fifteen to forty sailors.
When we add to these the number of American sailors who were pressed in the beginning of the war, to man the English fleet, the proportion of sailors belonging to the continent, could not amount to less than 12 or 14000. The trade of America at the commencement of the present war with Great Britain being one third at least greater than it was at the conclusion of the last war with France, the number of sailors in America must have increased in the same proportion. It is true many of the men who manned our privateers were landsmen; but as the same objects, namely, PRIZES, are held out at present, as were in the last war, and as there is now added to these, the glory of establishing the freedom of the colonies, there is reason to presume a greater proportion of landsmen will embark in the present war by sea, than in any former one. Twenty thousand men employed in ships of suitable force, would be sufficient to guard our coasts and trade against all the navy that Britain could spare from her harbours, and foreign dominions, to molest us. And America can spare that number of men for the purpose without impoverishing her land forces, or without putting a check to her agriculture or manufactures.
ADVERTISEMENTS.
THE Treasurer, Trustees, and Subscribers to the Fund for the Relief of the Widows and Orphans of Clergymen collected last Sunday, from the two Audiences, £.31:16:6, for which they beg Leave to return their Thanks to the charitable and generous Contributors. On the Day following they ordered £.81 to be distributed among seven Widows, and the Orphans of six Clergymen, and appointed Officers for the ensuing Year, viz. the Rev. Messrs. John Cumm Treasurer, Thomas Wilkinson, William Leigh, Thomas Price, Henry Skyring, Thomas Lundie, and James M. Fontaine, Trustees; Thomas Field Morning, and Samuel S. M'Croskey Evening Preacher.
JACOB BRUCE, Clerk.
A VALUABLE LIBRARY OF BOOKS TO BE SOLD.
For a CATALOGUE, and TERMS, apply to the Printers of this Gazette.
WILLIAMSBURG, May 18, 1776.
I INTEND to leave the Colony shortly. All Persons who have Demands against me are desired to bring in their Accounts to Edmund Randolph, Esquire, properly attested. WALTER BATTWELL.
ALL Persons indebted to the Estate of John Shermer, deceased, by Bond or otherwise, are desired to make speedy Payment, and those who have Demands against the said Estate are request to bring them in, that they may be discharged. TH: U: TON JAMES. DUD: RICHARDSON. GEORGE BOOTH.
THE Subscriber having been for a long Time past afflicted with a bad State of Health, intends soon to the Northward to endeavour to obtain Relief, and will therefore be much obliged to those who are indebted to him if they will pay their Balances as soon as possible; those who have it not in their Power are requested to come and settle their Accounts, and give Bonds, or other Specialties. All Persons having Demands against me may apply for Payment. SEVERINUS DURFEY.
To be SOLD to the highest Bidders, at next
HENRICO Court,
TRACT of LAND containing 660 Acres, for Mr. George Seaton's Life. The Land lies on the Brook, about 7 Miles from Richmond. Two Years Credit will be allowed, and Bond and Security required, by (2) JOHN HICKMAN.
MANCHESTER, May 13, 1776.
THE Subscribers have several Dwelling-Houses, &c to rent. ALEX. & PETERFIELD TRENT.
HALIFAX Town, North Carolina, April 19, 1776.
For SALE, on moderate Terms, and long Credit,
SUNDRY Tracts and Parcels of LAND lying in this Province, viz. One Tract in Tryon County, commonly called the Great Cove, containing 6000 Acres of as fine Land as any in the Province, is within 60 Miles of Salisbury, a Town of considerable Trade. Also about 2000 Acres in said County, on Chintal Run, equally as good as the former, both noted for the Goodness of Range. One Tract in Orange County, within 9 Miles of Hillsborough, containing 340 Acres, very good for Corn, wheat, or Tobacco. One Tract in Eute County, on Shocco Creek, within 40 Miles of Halifax Town, containing about 3000 Acres. As fine Tobacco may be made on this Land as any in the World, and it is excellent for Corn or Wheat, with enough cleared, and in good Order, to work twelve Hands. Also about 5000 Acres more in different Parts of said County, very good for Tobacco or Grain. Likewise 4000 Acres in this County, within 15 Miles of Halifax Town, which is very good for Grain, and excellent Range for Stock of all Kinds. Also a Tract within 4 Miles of Edenton, situate on Albemarle Sound, commonly called Mosley's Point, containing 2200 Acres, good for Tobacco or Grain, and very convenient to Shipping, with good Improvements thereon, and cleared Land sufficient to work 20 or 30 Hands. Also sundry other Tracts in Northampton, Bertie, and Martin Counties, situate on navigable Rivers, and very good for Grain. Likewise Houses and Lots, well improved, in Halifax Town, Campobello, and Newbern. Any Person inclined to purchase any of the said Tracts of Land, or Houses and Lots, may know the Terms by applying to the Subscriber. The above Lands, &c. belong to the Estate of Joseph Montfort, deceased, and to be sold by (6) HENRY MONTFORT, Executor.
TO BE SOLD,
THE noted valuable Tract of LAND and PLANTATION whereon Henry Webb formerly lived, lying on Flat River, and on the main Road to Hillsborough in North Carolina, containing about 900 Acres; together with 320 Acres adjacent, whereon are Improvements of all Kinds fit for the Reception of a Gentleman of Fortune. Credit will be allowed, if required, for a considerable Part of the Purchase Money. For further Particulars inquire of the Subscriber, on the Premises.
ORANGE County, North Carolina, April 29, 1776. TYRIE HARRIS.
RUN away, on Tuesday the 19th Instant,
three Virginia born Negro Men Slaves, the Property of Col. John Fry's Estate, viz. HARRY, about 5 Feet 8 Inches high, well made, yellow Complexion, has a Scar on his Face, is a sensible artful Fellow, and about 30 Years old. YORK, about 5 Feet 10 Inches high, a stout, likely, well made Fellow, black Complexion, one of his Legs smaller than the other, has a Scar on one of his Arms, occasioned by a Burn, and about 26 Years old. ADAM, about 5 Feet 7 Inches high, yellow Complexion, thin visaged, bushy Hair, and about 40 Years old. It is impossible to describe the Clothes they carried with them, having different Kinds. Whoever will deliver the above mentioned Slaves to Mr. Richard Adams, in Richmond Town, Mr. Thomas Adams, in New Kent, Mr. Henry Fry, in Culpeper, or to the Subscriber in Buckingham, shall be paid 40s. for each of them. (15) JOHN NICHOLAS.
Fifteen Dollars Reward.
RUN away from the Subscriber in Spotsylvania, near Carr's Bridge, on Sunday the 5th Instant (May) two Negro Fellows, namely, GABRIEL and BEN. They rode off a likely bright Bay Horse about 15 Hands high, branded on the near Buttock 69, has a short Neck, and one of his hind Feet white. Gabriel is yellowish, about 5 Feet 8 Inches high, bandy legged, has had a Sore on one of them, which leaves a Lump upon his Shin, near the Size of a small Hen Egg, has been a waiting Boy, is sensible and talkative, and 19 Years old. Ben is about 5 Feet 11 Inches high, near 30 Years of Age, stoops in his Walk, has very thick Lips, a gloomy Look, stammers in his common Discourse, and if spoke to unexpectedly, cannot return an immediate Answer. He has, till lately, gone by Water on Pamunkey, York, and Mattapony Rivers, on all which he is well acquainted, from the highest Warehouses downwards. He has a Wife at Col. John Snell's in Hanover, where he may be lurking, but I rather suspect they will endeavour to get on Board some of the Governor's fleet. I will give twelve Dollars Reward for securing the Negroes in Gaol, so that I get them again, or six Dollars for each, and three Dollars for the Horse, with all reasonable Charges for bringing them Home. (6) ROBERT HART.
TAKEN up, in James City, a brindled STEER, two Years old, marked with two Crops, and a Hole in the left Ear. Posted, and appraised to 50s. JOHN SHAYE.
TAKEN up, in Buckingham, a BAY MARE about 4 Feet 4 Inches high, about 7 Years old, paces very well, has two Saddle Spots on her near Side, a large white Blotch on the off Side, and several Spots. Posted, and appraised to 10l. ROBERT BAGBY.
TAKEN up, in Buckingham, a BLACK HORSE about five or six Years old, four Feet high, with a small white Spot in his Forehead, trots and gallops, branded on the Shoulder and Buttock AL in a Piece, and had on a small Bell. Also a brown HEIFER about three Years old, unmarked. Posted and appraised, the Horse to 4l. and the Heifer to 35s. FLAMSTEED RANSONE.
TAKEN up, in Mecklenburg, a SORREL ROAN MARE about 9 or 10 Years old, with a white Streak down her Face, is about 4 Feet 7 Inches high, her hind Feet white, and branded on the near Shoulder O. Posted, and appraised to 8l. GEORGE TERRY.
TAKEN up, in Bedford, a SORREL MARE about 6 or 7 Years old, 4 Feet 7 Inches high, with a light Mane and Tail, a large Star, and a small Blaze almost to her Nostrils, a Snip on her Lip, several Saddle Spots, and branded on the near Shoulder P. Posted, and appraised to 8l. ADAM LINN.

STRAYED or stolen from Williamsburg, the 1st of this Instant (May) two BAY HORSES. One a light Bay, 14 1/2 Hands high, with two Saddle Spots on his Back, and one white hind Foot. The other is a brown Bay, slim made, of the same Height, and branded on the near Buttock RB. Whoever delivers the said Horse to Mr. William Rose in Williamsburg, or to me in King & Queen, shall have 20s. for each; if stolen, 5l. on Conviction of the Thief.
ROBERT BURWELL.
FREDERICKSBURG, May 8, 1776.
STRAYED, or STOLEN, on Wednesday the 2d Instant, a likely BAY HORSE, near 15 Hands high, with a hanging Mane and Switch Tail, one hind Foot white, a Blaze in his Face, a Snip on his Nose, several Saddle Spots, paces and gallops remarkably easy, but not branded. I imagine, if strayed, he has made towards a certain Duet's Ordinary, in Louisiana , where he was bred. Whoever secures the said Horse, and delivers him to me, shall have 50s. Reward, or if stolen, 5l. on Conviction of the Thief.
CHARLES MORTIMER, Jun.
Advices by Yesterday's Post.
PHILADELPHIA, May 6.
Yesterday arrived a Gentleman from Europe, by whom we have a Dublin paper of the 2d of March, containing the following paragraphs. By him we learn, that a large naval force was coming out for America, and that the armament was ordered to sail the 10th of April.
L O N D O N, February 18.
C OMMISSIONS are issuing for immediately buying up in Ireland, for the use of the navy, 800 casks of beef, 600 barrels of pork, and great quantities of flour, salt, butter, and potatoes.
Feb. 19. There will be five debarkations in America in the spring; one at Quebec, one at New York, one in New England, and two to the southward.
Letters from Cassa, by yesterday's mail advise, that the body of 12,000 Hessians, taken into English pay, are commanded by M. Heister, Lieutenant General, and that it will be composed of the regiment of guards, and that of the Hereditary Prince and Prince Charles, with the regiments of Werguneau, Detfourth, Donop, Losberg, Kniphausen, Trimbach, Mirbach, Rall, Stein, Wilbach, Hayne, and Buneau. The grenadiers of the above regiments are to form a different corps, commanded by Col. Donop, and to the above are to be added some companies of Cannoners, and Foot Chauffeurs; and private letters from Hamburg inform us, that they are on their march to embark at Stade.
The Hessians, Brunswickers, Waldeckers, and Hanoverians, are to amount, it is said, to 20,000 men. 20,000 foreign troops, at 45l. per man, comes to 900,000l. The transport service to bring them to America will cost 350,000l. Ordnance and extra-ordinaries may be reckoned at 300,000l. more.
The embarkation in the spring will consist of 45,000 men, English and foreigners, and to rendezvous at Portsmouth the last day of March. [Oh GEORGE! Are these thy commissioners of peace and reconciliation?]
The transports to bring over 22,000 Germans, Hessians, Brunswickers, &c. are to be at Stade on or before the 6th of next month.
Feb. 21. The two frigates that were on shore, and the one who lost her masts, arose entirely from their being so badly managed that they could not manage them.
Feb. 22. Sir Peter Parker, with his squadron, from Corke, bound to America, were spoke with by Capt. Ward, of the John, who is arrived at Bristol from Denia, on the 17th instant, in latitude 50:30, longitude 7, at eight o'clock in the morning, all well.
On Tuesday night in the debate in the House of Commons, on Mr. Fox's motion, Mr. Cruger called the attention of the House particularly to the conduct of Administration, respecting the province of New York, and shewed the expediency of an inquiry why that colony had been so long left neglected and unsupported, and the friends of Government there given up to the resentment of their enemies, when by timely aid that province might have been secured to the interests of Government, and the chain of American union broken. [Is it thus traitor, thou shearest thy regard for thy native country; had it not been for such ingrates, America had still been happy?]
Feb. 24. This day about twelve o'clock, Admiral Graves arrived in town from Plymouth, where he arrived, in the Preston man of war, from Boston. He left that place the 2d instant, and has brought an account, that on the 31st of December the provincials attempted to take Quebec by storm, but were defeated with the loss of 80 men, and upwards of 300 taken prisoners, amongst whom were General Montgomery, his Aid-de-Camp, Secretary, &c.
The companies belonging to the regiments of guards laying in the Savoy barracks, had yesterday 15 men draughted from each for the American service; and every man who offered himself as a volunteer was to be allowed whatever is paid to recruits on their first listing.
Government have been so distressed for troops (foreigners) that they have actually taken a single battalion of 500 men, in pay from the Prince of Waldeck, and another of the same complement from the Duke of Mecklenburgh.
Extract of a letter from Portsmouth, Feb. 23.
"Arrived the Carcafs bomb, which sailed from Corke the 12th instant, with Sir Peter Parker, and 42 sail of men of war and transports, with whom he parted company on the 18th in a hard gale of wind, when Sir Peter had but 25 sail left with him. The Carcafs has lost her mizen-mast, and thrown many of her stores overboard."
Extract of a letter from EDINBURGH, February 17.
"Seventeen thousand German troops are expected here in a few days on their way to Greenock, where they are to embark for America. They are to come in transports up the Firth of Forth and to land in Leith."
Extract of a letter from CORKE.
"The following occurrence must give satisfaction to the friends of suffering America: When Colonel Ethan Allen, with about fifty other prisoners, arrived in the Solebay, two Gentlemen went on board to inquire into their situation, and to assure them of the disposition of several Gentlemen in this city to alleviate their distresses. Colonel Allen was so affected with this instance of unexpected generosity, that the expression of his gratitude could hardly find utterance."
"His treatment on board the Solebay, is far different from the barbarous and cruel usage he experienced in his passage from Quebec, being then handcuffed and ironed in the most dreary part of the vessel, and basely insulted with cruel and unmanly reflections by some officers of the ship, whom he challenged in Cornwall, without receiving satisfaction."
"A subscription was begun this morning among some friends of the cause, and near fifty guineas collected to buy clothes for his men, and necessaries for himself; and if liberty can be got of Captain Williams to put live stock on board, I can assure you, Colonel Allen will be exceedingly well provided. We this day sent a hamper of wine, sugar, fruit, chocolate, &c. on board for his immediate use, and to-morrow intend to prepare the Sundry articles of which he sent a list. I enclose you a rough copy of his answer to our letter. Should he have permission to come on shore, he will be entertained by some of the first Gentlemen of this city. I have not been refused by a single person on the subscription."
Copy of Colonel ALLEN's note.
"Gentlemen, "I received your generous present this day with a joyful heart. Thanks to god, there are still the feelings of humanity in the worthy citizens of Corke towards those of your bone and flesh, who, through misfortune from the present broils in the empire, are needy prisoners."
"Dated Cove, January 24, 1776."
HOUSE OF COMMONS, Tuesday, February 20.
At about half past three o'clock the Hon. Mr. Charles Fox arose, and having spoken with much warmth and great abilities for upwards of an hour, in which he gave a very full and pointed recapitulation of the mistakes and errors of Administration, from the resolutions proposed to the House by Lord North in February 1774, to that day, he concluded by moving, that a committee should be appointed to inquire into the cause of our present misfortunes, and unhappy situation, relative to the late disputes with America; he was seconded by Lord Ossory, in a short, but sensible speech. He was followed by Lord Mulgrave, who answered Mr. Fox pretty fully, and was replied to by the Hon. Mr. Fitzpatrick in an able and well digested speech; after which a very interesting debate was carried for several hours. The division was at two this morning, when the numbers were in support of Mr. Fox's motion, 104; against it 240. The principal speakers in the debate, which was ably handled on both sides, were (besides the above-mentioned) Lord North, Sir Gilbert Elliot, Lord Howe, Mr. Stanley, Sir Edward Derling, Mr. Hay, the Lord Advocate of Scotland, the Solicitor General, Colonel Barre, the Lord Mayor, Governor Johnstone, Mr. Adams, Mr. Cruger, and Mr. T. Townshend.
Kilkenny, Feb. 24. Yesterday the first division, consisting of five companies of the 5th regiment of foot commanded by Major General Lord Viscount Ligonier, and this day the second division arrived here from Dublin, on their march to Corke in order to embark for America.
B O S T O N, April 25.
A LETTER from the West Indies, dated March 1, says, "Every barrel of provision has been bought in the Windward islands to be sent to Boston. A transport of 26 guns, well manned, and commanded by a Lieutenant of one of the ships of war, arrived at Barbadoes for provisions. The inhabitants refused to let them have it, but he seized upon a ship that accidentally came in, belonging to Lancaster, but last from Ireland, and obliged him to sell his cargo. This day all the transports failed from Antigua for Boston."
We hear that the continental currency is received in payments, and passes very freely among the inhabitants of the French West India islands.
NEW YORK, May 2. A letter from Edinburgh, December 25, says, "Business of every kind is quite at a stand here; and, to add to our misfortune, a pestilential distemper rages with great violence among us, which has carried off great numbers, and thrown the country in general into great consternation."
"Ship Dutchess of Gordon, Sandy Hook, April 16, 1776."
"S I R,"
"As the commander of his Majesty's ships of war on this station, found it expedient for his Majesty's service to burn down the pilot house at the Hook; I am to acquaint you, all possible care has been taken of Mr. Adam Dobbs and his property, and that if you will send down a sloop to the Hook it will be suffered to bring up to New York Mr. Dobbs, his servants, and effects."
I am, with regard, Sir,
Your most obedient servant,
WILLIAM TRYON."
To DAVID MATHEWS, Esq; Mayor of the city of New York.
Three vessels that left New London on Saturday evening assure us, that our fleet failed from the harbour's mouth on Friday last, with a fair wind from Newport.
A letter from a Gentleman in the continental army before Quebec, dated April 6, says, "Our battery at Point Levi has been firing some days; the mortar battery on the heights is not quite finished, and in two days we will have another battery at the Little river. We have had a prodigious quantity of snow this winter; the tops of the fences just begin to appear, and I suppose that in a few days the roads will be impassable. We are discouraged at General Lee's not coming. However, General Wooster is arrived. We ought to have at least ten thousand men more here, in case of troops arriving, otherwise the Canadians, who have assisted us, will be ruined. This province is the key of America."
PHILADELPHIA, May 2. The Roebuck man of war, after being ashore a few hours, got off without receiving any damage.
The Roebuck, and a ship of 20 guns, last Monday chased a Schooner inward bound from Hispaniola ashore a little southward of our capes, where her cargo is saved. A Schooner from St. Eustatia is got safe into Indian river, and another Schooner from St. Eustatia, with 5 tons of powder, sent ashore for a pilot, but was desired to go into Indian river, where we hope she is safe. The Roebuck and the other man of war came into our road on Tuesday with two sloops; one looks like a Bermudian vessel, the other a clump."
Extract of a letter from a Gentleman in a public character, dated Ticonderoga, April 23, 1776.
"I have met here a Gentleman from Quebec, who left it the 6th instant. General Wooster arrived there the 1st. On the 3d a battery was opened on Point Levi. Two more were just finished. The snow on that day was 3 feet and a half deep on the level, and 7 and 9 feet deep in other places. There are 2500 men before Quebec, and provisions of all sorts very plenty; a calf for 7s. 6d. a sheep the same. We have here 1300 troops, cannon, &c. which leave this to-morrow. There has been a skirmish between a party of our troops and a body of Canadians, who where induced by a proclamation of Carlton's to take up arms. There were 7 Canadians killed, 4 wounded, and 38 taken prisoners. The rest dispersed and delivered up the proclamation."
QUERIES addressed to all the found heads and honest hearts in AMERICA.
W HEN a King breaks through charters, solemnly granted by his predecessors, the conditions of which grants have been faithfully fulfilled: When he makes war upon his faithful subjects: When he intends their fisheries, and other means of maintaining their families: When he gives orders to burn their defenceless towns, consuming the dwellings and winter provisions
of hundreds of families, just before the setting in of that severe season, and driving out women and children, to seek shelter where and when it may be had to be obtained: When he hires foreign troops, to enable him the more effectually to destroy his people: When he endeavours to engage even savages to assassinate them and their wives and children in their dwellings, that being the known method in which the Indians make what they call war: When he orders even slaves to be encouraged to rise and murder their masters, and furnishes them with arms for that purpose: When he uses all his interest with foreign powers to prevent his subjects being supplied with any means of defence against such cruelties: When, besides all this, he rejects the frequent and most humble petitions of his people with contempt, and refuses to redress any of their grievances:
Is such a King a legal Sovereign, or a tyrant?
Does he not, by such conduct, forfeit the allegiance of his subjects?
If not, by what means may it, or can it, possibly be forfeited? Are they men, or brutes, that can submit to such treatment, and still propose to continue his subjects? And what will probably be the fate of their posterity?
What are we to think of soldiers, who should be men of honour, and yet can submit to be the instruments of such a tyrant, in carrying fire and sword through a country whose only offence is a determination to defend its rights?
What are we to think of the nation, who, professing the love of liberty, can yet sit coolly, with folded arms, and see their countrymen butchered for defending it?
And what are we to think of those Americans who can betray the most important interests of their country, by joining with the servants of such a tyrant to enslave it, and advising a submission to his will and pleasure?
Was the crime of Nero, however atrocious, in putting to death his mother, his wife, and a few of his courtiers and Ministers, equally pernicious to his people with that of a Prince, who should order his army to fall upon and destroy them and ruin their country?
Do not several historians of credit deny the charge against Nero, that he ordered the burning of Rome?
Do not all historians agree, that he contributed largely to the rebuilding it with magnificence?
And that when Lyons, a city in one of his provinces, was accidentally consumed by fire, he re-edified it at his own expence?
May it not therefore be justly said of a certain Prince, that he is Nerone, Neronier ?
A NNO 1252, in the 37th year of Henry III. the Prior of the hospital of St. John, in Clerkenwell, complaining to that King of a notorious injury, and shewing some charters granted by former Kings, and by the King himself, he replied, in anger, and with a great oath, "You and the Templers have so many liberties and charters, that your superfluous possessions make you proud, and your pride makes you mad; those things, therefore, ought prudently to be revoked which were imprudently granted;" and added, " Sic et ego infringam hanc, & alias chartas quas predecessores mei & ego temere concessimus. "
The master of the hospital (the Prior) answered briskly, with an erect countenance, "What is that you say, my Liege? God forbid that so unseemly a word should come out of your mouth: Quam dia justiciam observas, Rex esse poteris: & quam cite banc infrigeris, Rex esse defines. "
Petyt's Jus Parliamentarium, page 81.
"So will I break this and other charters, which my predecessors and myself have indiscreetly granted."
"As long as you observe and do justice, you may continue to be King; but the moment you break your faith, you cease to be King."
T HE author of the INTELLIGENCE EXTRAORDINARY in Mr. Purdie's paper of the 10th instant is desired to inform the public who HE is, and who he means by Dr. H. from G. If there is such a one whom the author intends to ridicule by his malevolence, I make no doubt but he is able to vindicate himself from the malignity of any such, to the satisfaction of all mankind. If he is a New Englandman, though I will not be answerable for his drawing teeth, yet am in no doubt of his dexterity in letting blood from the distance of one foot to fifteen rods.
WILLIAMSBURG, May 11.
T WELVE hundred men from this colony are ordered for North Carolina, to reinforce the troops collected at Cape Fear to oppose General Clinton. It is not certain what number of ministerial troops are arrived; report says 5000.
Eleven tons of gunpowder is just arrived in this colony, and safe landed.
We have within our Capes the Fowey man of war of 24 guns, the Nautillus of 16 guns, and the Otter of 10 guns.
On Wednesday last the Honourable Convention of this colony came to the unanimous resolution (for which see the fourth page of this paper) of giving instruction to our Delegates in Congress at Philadelphia to propose a final separation of these colonies from Great Britain, by declaring them free and independent states. The day following the troops in this city, with the train of artillery, were drawn up, and went through their firings, and various other military manœuvres, with the greatest exactness; a continental union flag was displayed upon the Capitol, and in the evening many of the inhabitants illuminated their houses.
Yesterday being the day appointed by the Honourable the Continental Congress for a day of fasting and prayer throughout the Thirteen United Colonies, the Rev. Thomas Price delivered an excellent sermon in this city to a very crowded audience, from these words: Hearken ye, all Judah, and ye inhabitants of Jerusalem, and thou King Jehoshaphat; thus saith the Lord unto you: Be not afraid, nor dismayed, by reason of this great multitude; for the battle is not your's, but God's. 2 Chron. chapter xx, verse 15.
Extract of a letter from LONDON, December 23, 1775.
"I have always been of opinion that our connexion with this country ought not to be dissolved. It made me happy to see, by the proceedings of the General Congress, that it was their sentiment; but the bill which has now passed both Houses of Parliament, and will in a few days receive the royal assent, has, by treating the colonies as enemies, put an end to that question. They cannot be enemies and subjects at the same time. The moment that bill passes it puts the two countries asunder. It is better to unnatural a measure should move from those Ministers who have been the cause of all the calamities we lament."
"America has nothing now to do but to provide for herself. The hostilities the same Ministers are meditating against her, you know, I conceive, will be as ineffectual as they are unwise. If the Ministry can collect 20,000 men for the next campaign, they will perform wonders. If they succeed with that number, it will be still more miraculous. If they do not succeed they will not be able to attempt another campaign."
"During the whole of last summer, they have offered as high premiums as in the utmost exigency of the last war, and without the least success. The few boys they obtained were a ridicule upon recruiting. It is certain Russia will not furnish them the assistance they solicited, nor the Irish Roman Catholics be tempted into the service."
"Without a miracle then, they have no chance of ever seeing such an army as that which has found such difficulty in acquiring

single hill in America. Under such difficulties, and with such an army, they are to contend against a numerous American army, trained in one campaign of uncommon activity and vigilance; and against the whole continent in arms, and actuated by every motive that can make the timorous terrible, and the brave irresistible. Besides this, the scene of war must be in a country impracticable to those who do not know it, and abounding with such advantages to the natives, that with common prudence it is impossible for an enemy to advance fifty miles. It is unnecessary to enumerate the thousand other obvious and insuperable difficulties they must encounter. What I have already mentioned is enough to brand their measures with madness. In my opinion the mischief of them will be felt here within half a year, so as to produce the most dangerous internal commotions. An attack from France too is exceedingly probable. It is certain that her interposition by the means of Sweden prevented the Russian auxiliaries.
The ostensible reason on the part of Russia was, that there was no cartel settled between Great Britain and America. The want of this will certainly make every power reluctant in lending their troops, especially for a service so distant and desperate. So that I think there is not the least probability of their obtaining foreign troops, now or hereafter. Upon this view of things, you will think, with me, that our countrymen have the game in their own hands. I trust they will play it so as to establish the dignity and renown of the American name, and the constitutional liberties of America, upon an immortal basis. The addresses which were moved by the Ministry against the advice of Lord Mansfield, have decided the popular opinion to be against the measure, with the immense influence of a government that has more than 50,000 places and pensions in its disposal, with all Scotland at its heels, and all the Jacobites and Tories supporting it as the old cause. They have not been able to enrol a tenth part of the nation in the list of addressers. In London, Middlesex, Southwark, Coventry, Leeds, Newcastle, Bristol, Bradford, Berkshire, or whenever it has come to a decided question, the petitioners have out numbered the addressers. In this situation they trust to the chapter of accidents; they hope that some dissention in America will give them an opportunity of exerting the influence of corruption, which they find so effectual at Westminster. Lord Bute's pupil bids them go on, and they do it more willingly because, by furnishing a pretence for increasing taxes, it augments the means of plunder, and they hold themselves secure at least of his protection. They will, however, be fortunate if they escape the effects of a treachery that has hitherto known no exceptions. Such is the sum of our political situation, than which nothing can be more desperate.
The public begins to conceive, that these measures will sever America for ever from this country. The Ministry are so conscious of it, that they have hired Dean Tucker to soften the business, by persuading the people that it will be no loss. A piratical war they think they can maintain with decided advantage, from the superiority of their navy; and even in this I believe they are governed more by the hopes of plunder than of conquest. Upon this principle Lord North's last bill is founded, to render all American property and vessels confiscate and prize. Spain tried exactly the same experiment with the Dutch, and it ended then, as I hope, it will now, in the prosperity and independency of the commerce of the States. Upon the whole, I think we may be satisfied that neither the evil spirit of Lord Bute and his pupil, nor the machinations of their Ministers, will ever prevail against the unanimity and spirit of our countrymen.
The piratical war they are planning must operate against them, exactly in proportion as their commerce exceeds that of America. Their bill authorizes, and must necessarily produce, retaliation. They have much at stake upon the seas, and America little. The consequence is inevitable. In this line, therefore, they are as little likely to succeed, or persevere. Happily for the rights of mankind, experience does not teach them wisdom, and the weakness of their heads defeats the wickedness of their hearts. As little do I conceive will they succeed in corrupting of the Congress, and dividing the colonies. A people who have every thing at stake will be too watchful: A Congress so highly trusted, and so conspicuous, will be too wise and too virtuous to be seduced. When I think of the men who are thus attempting to reduce near three millions of brave, wise, united freemen, to the most abject slavery, the means with which they are to accomplish it, the distance, the disadvantages under which they are to act, I do not know in what words to express my contempt. But knowing too, as I do, that France will certainly interfere, I am much more inclined to think that they will reduce Great Britain under the dominion of France, than America under that of Great Britain. It is, indeed, highly probable that the ultimate object of Lord Bute, Lord Mansfield, and the Scotch, who are the sole and secret movers of all these measures, is to restore the expelled race, and what Dr. Johnson, in the definition of a Tory, calls the antient constitution in Church and State. Once more I wish you happy, and, cut off as we shall be from all accidental communication, I shall rest satisfied, that the union, firmness, and spirit of our countrymen, will preserve our liberties against all invaders."
On Monday the 5th instant the General Convention of Delegates met at the Capitol, when the Hon. Edmund Pendleton, Esq; being elected President, addressed himself to the Convention in the following manner:
Gentlemen, BE pleased to accept my sincere thanks for the honour done me in your election to this high and important office, which I esteem the more, as it affords a public testimony that my former endeavours for the proper discharge of that trust have not been unacceptable to my country. I beg leave to assure you of my unremitting attention to the arduous duties of my appointment, which I will endeavour to execute with the utmost impartiality; and, conscious of my want of abilities, I shall rely with confidence on your candour to make the most favourable interpretation of all my actions.
We are now met in General Convention according to the ordinance for our election, at a time truly critical, when subjects of the most important and interesting nature require our serious attention. The administration of justice, and almost all the powers of government, have now been suspended for near two years. It will become us to reflect whether we can longer sustain the great struggle we are making in this situation; and the case of criminals confined and not tried, and others who may be apprehended pursuant to our laws, deserves particular notice.
Our military and naval arrangements, as well as the funds for supporting them, will call for our revision; and the ordinance prescribing a mode of punishment for the enemies of America in this colony being very defective, will require amendment.
There are some articles more immediately necessary for our people, particularly salt, which it may be wise to encourage the production and manufacture of, either by increased bounties, or erecting public works, as shall be judged most effectual to that end.
Several resolutions of Congress, and letters from our delegates on these and other subjects, I am directed by the Committee of Safety to lay before you, together with several petitions they have received, on which it was not within their powers to determine.
In the discussion of these, and all other subjects which may come under our consideration, permit me to recommend calmness, unanimity, and diligence, as the most likely means of bringing them to a happy and prosperous issue.
IN CONVENTION. PRESENT one Hundred and twelve MEMBERS. WEDNESDAY, May 15, 1776.
FORASMUCH as all the endeavours of the United Colonies, by the most decent representations and petitions to the King and Parliament of Great Britain, to restore peace and security to America under the British government, and a re-union with that people upon just and liberal terms, instead of a redress of grievances, have produced, from an imperious and vindictive Administration, increased insult, oppression, and a vigorous attempt to effect our total destruction. By a late act, all these colonies are declared to be in rebellion, and out of the protection of the British Crown, our properties subjected to confiscation, our people, when captivated, compelled to join in the murder and plunder of their relations and countrymen, and all former rapine and oppression of Americans declared legal and just. Fleets and armies are raised, and the aid of foreign troops engaged to assist these destructive purposes: The King's representative in this colony hath not only withheld all the powers of government from operating for our safety, but, having retired on board an armed ship, is carrying on a piratical and savage war against us, tempting our slaves, by every artifice, to resort to him, and training and employing them against their masters. In this state of extreme danger, we have no alternative left but an abject submission to the will of those over-bearing tyrants, or a total separation from the Crown and Government of Great Britain, uniting and exerting the strength of all America for defence, and forming alliances with foreign powers for commerce and aid in war: Wherefore, appealing to the SEARCHER OF HEARTS for the sincerity of former declarations, expressing our desire to preserve the connection with that nation, and that we are driven from that inclination by their wicked councils, and the eternal laws of self-preservation.
RESOLVED UNANIMOUSLY, that the delegates appointed to represent this colony in General Congress be instructed to propose to that respectable body to declare the United Colonies free and independent states, absolved from all allegiance to, or dependence upon, the Crown or Parliament of Great Britain; and that they give the assent of this colony to such declaration, and to whatever measures may be thought proper and necessary by the Congress for forming foreign alliances, and a confederation of the colonies, at such time, and in the manner, as to them shall seem best: Provided, that the power of forming government for, and the regulations of the internal concerns of each colony, be left to the respective colonial legislatures.
RESOLVED UNANIMOUSLY, that a committee be appointed to prepare a DECLARATION OF RIGHTS, and such a plan of government as will be most likely to maintain peace and order in this colony, and secure substantial and equal liberty to the people.
EDMUND PENDLETON, President. JOHN TAZEWELL, Clerk of the Conv.
ADVERTISEMENTS.
To be SOLD by the Subscriber, at his Store in WILLIAMSBURG, the following Articles, for ready Money only.
BROADCLOTHS, Thread and Silk Breeches Patterns, black Silk Lasting, Serge Dufay, Damascus, Loretto, Tobine, India Persians, Lustings, Muslins, Gauze, Cambric, Lawn and Gauze Handkerchiefs and Aprons, black Minionet and Blond Lace, Ditto laced Hats, plain Ditto, Women's Hats and Bonnets, Gloves, Ribands, Fans, Necklaces, Cap Wire, Paste Combs, gilt Shoe and Knee Buckles, large Dressing Glasses, black Walnut Tea Chefs, Do. Candlesticks, Japan Waiters, painted Chimney and Table Covers, Decanters, Wine Glasses, Stands and Castors, Ticklers, Window Glass, Spanish Brown, red and white Lead, Saws, Scythes, Two-Shilling Nails, a Variety of China Cups, Saucers, and Teapots, Guns and Gun-Locks, a large Quantity of Grubbing and Hilting Hoes, broad and narrow Axes, Steelyards of all Sizes, Dutch Ovens, Brats and Iron Skillets, Tea Kitchens and Kettles, Sheep and Tailors Shears, Scissors, Razor Straps, Combs, Fish Hooks, Cork Screws, Shoemakers and Saddlers Tools, Saddles, Bridles, and a considerable Number of other Articles too tedious to enumerate. WILLIAM PITT.
I have also a LARGE and ELEGANT ASSORTMENT of SWORDS.
To be RENTED.
THE Tenement lately occupied by Zeph Tate (formerly by Fortunatus Sydnor) upon Shockoe Hill, in the Town of Richmond, to be entered on immediately. For further Particulars inquire of Joshua Storr, or the Subscriber, in Goochland. JOSEPH WATKINS.
WILLIAMSBURG, May 11, 1776.
ALL Persons in my Debt, for Shaving, Dressing, &c. contracted before I entered into Partnership with Mr. Wylie, are once more requested to discharge their Accounts (some of which have been standing for Years) that I may be enabled to pay those Debts which I have been under a Necessity of contracting for the Support of my Family through their Neglect. If this Application proves ineffectual, and the Law should not be open to force Compliance, those who are deficient will have their Names exposed in the Gazette. Gentlemen who pay me punctually may rely on my constant Attendance, and utmost Endeavours to give Satisfaction; others can expect no more of my Services. GEORGE LAFONG.
TWENTY POUNDS REWARD.
RUN away from the Subscriber, in Sussex County, about two Years ago, a Negro Fellow named JIM, about 24 Years old, of a yellowish Complexion, is bow legged, has a remarkable long Head, his Hair was nicely trimmed when he went away, and his fore Teeth are very open. As it is probable the said Slave may be stolen, or detained by some Villain, from the Length of Time he has been gone, any Person who will bring me the said slave, or convict the Thief (if stolen) shall receive the above Reward from THOMAS HUSON.
STRAYED, or STOLEN, from Samuel Cobb's, in Amelia, the 7th of March, TWO HORSES, viz. a CHESTNUT SORREL about 4 Feet 10 Inches high, with a Blaze Face, some of his Feet white, and some remarkable dark Spots on his off Buttock; the other a BAY, about the same Height, w/in a Blaze Face, and carries his head, when rode, very straight. Neither of them are branded that I know of. Whoever delivers them to me in Cumberland County shall have 10 Dollars Reward, or (if stolen) 10l. on Conviction of the Thief. EDWARD MUMFORD.
MILNER'S, April 10, 1776.
EARLY in May I propose going to the West Indies for a few Months. Those who have any Claim against Michael and John Wallace and Company will please to apply for Payment; and it will be obliging in those who are indebted to them to call and settle their Accounts, by Payment, or otherwise, as may be most convenient, before I go away, as there may not be any Person left to transact the Business in my Absence. MICHAEL WALLACE.
STRAYED from Mr. Richard Gregory's, in Gloucester County, the first of January last, a BLACK HORSE about 4 Feet 8 or 9 Inches high, 7 Years old, branded on the near Shoulder with the Bottom of a Bell, which nearly forms a Square, and on the near Buttock with a large Dot. I will give a Reward of 30s. to any Person who delivers the said Horie to Mr. Richard Gregory, or to me in Caroline. ANTHONY NEW.
SUFFOLK, April 10, 1776. I AM under the Necessity of sailing for the West Indies, about the first of next Month, from whence I propose returning as soon as I possibly can. As no Partner of the House of Gibson, Donaldson, and Hamilton, will be in the Country after I sail, I request all those who have any Claims against the said Concern will apply before that Time, and they shall be paid. I shall take it extremely kind in those indebted to the Concern, who have not yet settled their Accounts, if they will call and have them adjusted, and settled by Specialties, or otherwise, as may be most expedient. DOUGLAS HAMILTON.
BEDFORD, April 25, 1776. WHEREAS I gave two Bonds, bearing Date the 27th of September 1774, each for the Sum of 25l. one payable the 20th of May 1776, the other the 20th of May 1777, to Anthony Haden of Albemarle County, in Consideration of a certain Parcel of Land in Bedford: I hereby forewarn any Person from taking Assignments of the said Bonds until the said Haden makes me a legal Right to the said Land. WILLIAM WILLIAMS.
STOLEN from the Subscriber, in Brunsw-ick, on Nottoway River, the 7th of March, a black MARE that is with Foal, inclineable to a Chestnut Colour, about 4 Feet 7 or 8 Inches high, with a small Star in her Forehead intermixed with white Hairs down to her Nose, which appears to be a Snip; has some Saddle Spots, the Mane under the Bridle is cut and mixed with white Hairs, a dark Spot on her Rump about the Size of a Man's Hand; she paces and trots, and is docked. Also was stolen, at the same Time, a white Horse about 4 Feet 7 Inches high, has a hanging Mane and Switch Tail, and branded, as well as I remember, on the near Shoulder W, on his near Buttock H G, on the off Shoulder and Buttock O, and on his Jaw Something resembling a Flower de Luce, trots and gallops very hard. Whoever delivers the Mare to me shall have 5l. Reward, and 40s. upon Delivery of the Horse, or 10l. for the Horses and Thief. JOHN BANTON.
TAKEN up on Little River, in Hanover, a dark bay MARE about 9 Years old, 4 Feet 3 1/2 Inches high, has a Star in her Forehead about the Size of a Dollar, a few white Hairs down the Side of her Face and near the Root of her Tail, and paces altogether. She has been in the Neighbourhood ever since October last. Posted, and appraised to 15l. THOMAS BURCH HULET.
TAKEN up, in Cumberland, a BLACK MARE about 19 Years old, 4 Feet 8 or 9 Inches high, with a large Star in her Forehead, a Snip on her Nose, a roached Mane and Switch Tail, and branded on the near Buttock T E in a Piece. Posted, and appraised to 4l. JOHN NEWTON.
HALIFAX (North Carolina) April 12, 1776. ALL Persons indebted to the Estate of Joseph Montfort, deceased, are desired to make immediate Payment, or give Bonds for their respective Balances. All those who have Demands against the said Estate are desired to make them known to 6 HENRY MONTFORT, Executor.
Just come to Hand, and to be SOLD at this PRINTING-OFFICE, A large and exact VIEW of the late BATTLE at CHARLESTOWN, Elegantly coloured. Price one Dollar. Also an excellent MAP of The present SEAT of CIVIL WAR, Taken by an able Draughtsman who was on the Spot at the late Engagement. Price one Dollar.
TO BE SOLD.
THE Houses and Lots wherein the Subscriber now lives, in the Town of Petersburg, consisting of a large Dwelling-House, Storehouse, and all convenient Outhouses, in good Repair; a large Garden and Pasture adjoining, and the Situation equal to any in the Colony for Business. It is so well known, that a particular Description is unnecessary. Also a few House Servants, Household Furniture, &c. A Lot in the Town of Petersburg, and 400 Acres of good Tobacco Land in Charlotte. The Purchasers may have Possession immediately, and the Payment made easy by giving approved Security. As I intend leaving the Colony, those who have any Demands against me are desired to apply for Payment; and all Persons indebted, it is hoped, will either discharge their Accounts, or think it reasonable to give Security.
As the Purchasers of the Land in Ward's Fork, belonging to John Lidderdale, Esq; of London, are in some doubt of their having a Right, this is to inform them, that the Deeds will be sent, properly executed, with an Acknowledgment of Mrs. Lidderdale's Right of Dower, when the Times will admit of an Opportunity, and may be assured of having a most undoubted Title made them. They will likewise please to observe, that the Deeds will not be recorded till the Money is paid, agreeable to the Terms of Sale. And if any of the Purchasers are in Doubt of my being properly authorised to make Sale of the Lands, they may be fully satisfied at the Secretary's Office, where the Power of Attorney is recorded. (12) RICHARD HANSON.
RUN away from the Vineyard, a little below Williamsburg, a Negro Man named SAUNDY, 5 Feet 6 Inches high, about 27 Years old, knock-kneed; had on, when he went away, a dark red Newmarket Coat. I have been informed he is lurking about Williamsburg. Whoever brings him to me shall have 15s. Reward, besides what the law allows. ANDREW ESTAVE.
TO BE SOLD.
THE PLANTATION where I now live, containing 320 Acres of Land, situated about three Miles above Petersburg, whereon is a large new Brick Dwelling-House 54 Feet by 32, with four Rooms and a flush Passage below Stairs, and five Rooms above, very commodiously contrived, and the Building well executed; a Brick Kitchen 32 Feet by 16, two Rooms below and two above Stairs, with all other necessary Offices in good Repair, and several Orchards of the best Kinds of Fruit Trees. This Seat being well known, I think a more accurate Description unnecessary. The Time of Payment will be made easy to the Purchaser, and the Terms known by applying to Mr. Thomas Ruffin, or ROBERT NEWSUM.