Kentucky gazette and general advertiser (Lexington [Ky.]), 1803-10-11 00:00:00

KENTUCKY GAZETTE
AND GENERAL ADVERTISER.
[VOL. XVII.—N o . 891.]
BY DANIEL BRADFORD, LEXINGTON.
TUESDAY, OCTOBER 11, 1803.
TERMS OF THE GAZETTE.
This paper is published weekly, at two DOLLARS per annum, paid in advance.
Those who write to the Editor, must pay the postage of their letters.
To Lease, A VALUABLE FARM, LYING in Mercer county on Salt river, about one mile and half above Maj. Buchanan's mill, on the road leading from Frankfort to Harrodsburg with about 100 acres of Cleared Land, a good Dwelling House and other Convenient Buildings, a large apple and Peach Orchard, Meadow and Pasture; the whole in good repair.
James Maccaun. Lexington, March 14, 1803.
FOR SALE,
The following Tracts of LAND, CONVEYED by John Fowler esq. to Cuth. Banks and T. Bodley, by deed of trust, dated the 16th day of December 1800, to wit. 2800 acres in Montgomery county, Flat creek, between Small-Mountain creek and the upper Salt Spring, entered in the name of Crump and Patterson—also, 1700 acres in Campbell county, part of a survey in the name of Jacob Rubbammon, including Fowler's lick—also, 1000 acres in said county, on Bank-lick, being part of a tract of 4000 acres in the name of William Jones. Which said tracts of land, or either, or part of them, will be sold at private sale, for the purpose of satisfying and discharging the trusts mentioned in said deed. The terms may be known by applying to the subscribers in Lexington.
Cuth. Banks, Thos. Bodley March 14th, 1803.
STAYED FROM my farm about ten days ago, a small SORREL FILLEY , three years old this spring, about 13 hands high, short docked and the hair of the tail eat by cattle.—Also a dark bay two year old FILLEY , rather taller than the sorrel, no brand or flesh mark on either recollected. A reasonable reward will be given to have them sent home, or notice given where they are to be found.
ROBERT BARR. Fayette, May 27, 1803. tf
NICHOLAS BRIGHT, BOOT & SHOE MANUFACTURER.
RETURNS his thanks to his customers for their past favors, and hopes by his attention to business to merit them in future. He begs leave to inform the public in general that he continues to carry on the above business next door to Mr. Boggs's opposite Capt. Marshall's tavern, Main street. He has just received from Philadelphia, a quantity of first qualified imported Boot Legs andgt;Boot Legs and English Ben Soals. Any gentleman may be furnished with Boots or Shoes, done in the neatest and best manner, and on the shortest notice, by applying as above.
Lexington, July 8, 1803. SUWARROW & COSSACK BOOTS.
As neat as any made in Philadelphia, may be had on the shortest notice. N. B.
FOR SALE OR RENT, A convenient two story Framed House and Lot,
Situate either for a private or public life, being situate on Main Cross-street, three doors from J. Lovrey's hat manufactory, and now occupied by N. Prentiss. The house is in good repair—there is on the lot a good pump with never failing water, a small garden, a convenient cellar, kitchen, &c. &c. For terms apply at the premises. Lexington, August 22d, 1803.
THE public are cautioned, that the tract of land offered for sale in the state of Ohio, by John Pofflethwait, being the 2d quarter of the 6th township, 18th range, that JOHN STIRKS has an equitable claim on it, which will be pursued. Franklin, 20th September, 1803.
TOBACCO WANTED.
LEWIS SANDERS & CO. WANT to purchase a quantity of INSPECTED TOBACCO, At any of the ware-houses on the Kentucky river. They have on hand a very good and extensive assortment of
MERCHANDIZE, Calculated to suit the country—amongst which are the following Fall or Winter Goods:—Superfine, Common and Coarse Cloths, Cassimeres, Swandowns, Fries, Mixed, Blue, Drab and Blue Coatings, Pains, Halfthicks, Velvets, Fancy Cords and Thickfets. Lexington. tf
BLUE DYING. THE SUBSCRIBER, WISHES to inform the public, that he continues to carry on the BLUE DYING, on Main Cross Street, between Mr. Adam Weber's and Mr. Myers's, where he will dye Cotton, Linen and Wool, with a warm dye—Cotton deepest blue, at 4/6 per pound—Wool at 1/6 per pound, which he will warrant to be equal to any dye in the town of Lexington.
JACOB BOSCHART. Lexington, June 25, 1803. *3stf
BOOK BINDING.
HAVING employed a Book BINDER, who has been regularly bred to the business in Philadelphia, any orders for RECORD, ACCOUNT, or any other BLANK BOOKS, will be thankfully received and punctually executed. I have on hand, and shall constantly keep, a supply of BLANK BOOKS. Old Books re-bound in the neatest and best manner. DANL. BRADFORD. Gazette Office, Lexington. }
WILLIAM ROSS, BOOT & SHOE MAKER,
HAS on hand a large assortment of BOOTS & SHOES, which he intends selling at reduced prices.
At these low prices, no trust need be expected. He means to sell at these prices through the course of the winter.
AT a meeting, held agreeably to advertisement, the subscribers fixed the sweepstakes to be run for the 2d Thursday in October next, on the Lexington turf, which is now in complete order. An elegant saddle and bridle will be run for, on every Saturday, until the first of November, free for any description of horses, agreeably to the rules of the said turf.
NEGROES FOR SALE. FOR sale for Cash, a Negro Man, about 30 years of age, stout, active, and is a good waggoner. Also, his wife, about 25 years of age, who is a good house servant, with her child of 11 months. They can be well recommended as valuable, honest slaves. For particulars apply to the subscriber, living in Bourbon county, 4 miles from Paris. JOHN SOPER. Garrard county ss.
Taken up by Charles Spelman sen. near McCoy's mill, a BAY FILLEY, supposed to be one year old last fall, four feet four inches high, a small star in her forehead, three white feet, neither docked or branded; appraised to twenty dollars. Wm. M'Quire, j. p. July 19th, 1803.
PRINTING
IN all its variety, executed in the neatest and most elegant style, on the shortest notice and most moderate terms, at the office of the Kentucky Gazette.
Seitz & Johnson,
At their Store in Lexington, have received a very extensive Cargo of Cheap and well assorted Merchandise,
Consisting of DRY GOODS, GROCERIES, IRON-MONGERY, CUTLERY, SADDLERY, STATIONARY, HARD JAPAN'D, TIN, CROCKERY, QUEENS' & CHINA WARES. HATTER'S TRIMMINGS and DYE STUFFS, GERMAN and CRAWLEY STEEL, VICES, ANVILS, NAILS, BAR IRON, &c. &c.
Unlimited pains having been taken to select the above assortment from the Vendues, principally of Baltimore and Philadelphia, purchasers either WHOLESALE or RETAIL, may depend on getting much greater bargains than have been heretofore sold in this state. 15th August, 1803.
FOR SALE,
The valuable PLANTATION, Containing 355 acres, with large improvements, well watered, with bearing orchards and elegant buildings. Situate on the waters of Cane run, six miles from Lexington, on the Georgetown road:—Will be sold together or apart, as may suit the purchasers. For further particulars, apply to the subscribers living on the premises. DAVID MITCHELL, DAVID LAUGHEAD. Cane run, Sept. 1, 1803.
DANCING.
MR. BLACKMER RETURNS his sincere thanks to the inhabitants of Lexington and its vicinity for past favors, begs leave to inform them that his fall school will commence on the 14th inst. at Daley's ball room. Parents who think proper to put their children under his tuition, are requested to make application previous to or on that day.
FOR SALE,
The Valuable Stallion, SILVER HEELS, WHICH stood at Mr. Edmund Bryant's, Jessamine county, the past season, and covered between 90 and 100 mares. The pedigree of this horse is good, and may be seen by reference to the Stud Book for the year 1803, or to the subscriber, in Clarke county. One or two years credit will be given on giving bond and security—One or two geldings would be received in hand if preferred by the purchaser. H. TAYLOR. August 7th 1803. tf
THE KENTUCKY PRIMER,
For sale by the gross, dozen, or single.
BANK NOTES LOST.
LOST last evening, on the Tate's creek road, between Lexington and the Kentucky river, Two Notes of ONE HUNDRED DOLLARS each, of one of FIFTY, all on the Bank of Baltimore. They were wrapped up in a piece of brown paper. Any person who will deliver the above notes to Mr. John Cross, in Lexington, or to the subscriber, about four miles from Paris, in Bourbon county, shall be satisfactorily rewarded. JOHN SOPER.
A LIST OF LETTERS,
Remaining in the Post-Office at Lexington, K. if not taken out before the 1st day of January next, will be sent to the General Post-Office as Dead Letters.
A James Anderson Samuel Ayres Samuel Adams Robert Alexander John Adams
B Preston Brown Valentine Barnard Robert M. Bishop Thomas Button John M. Boggs John Barkley Peter Black Wm. Botts Stephen Bullock Doct. Brisco Solo. Burnley John Broadfoot John R. Bedford James Britton Ambrose Brown Geo. Brooks 2 Dennis Bradley John Bryant Elizabeth Boggs Jacob Bowler Reuben Blackmore Wm. Bealor James Beaty 2 Walter Bullock James Bullock Philip Buckner Daniel Bradford
C
Louis Antoine Cart Michael Creekbaun Leonard Claiborne Wm. Carrington jr. John H. Craig James Cord 2 Daniel Cammot jr. Joseph Coulter Archd. Campbell Joel Collins Benjamin Calverton Clerk of Fayette Christo. H. Curner circuit court Richard Goad Hugh Caldwell Perry Grothwait Thomas Clarke Henry Cole Robert Campbell James Coleman Dr. John Collins James Carothers Abm. Callendine
D
Henry Davis Thomas Dunn John Davis 2 Martin Dickerson Hery Didier Thos. or And. Dunn Wm. Dangersfield 2 John Downing Joseph Davis Dail. Dufour Stephen Davis Bettis Dent Colon Duncan Abraham Drake William Drake
E
W. Effex 2 Benjamin Ellis William Eastes William Elder John Edwards John Edmiston
F
John Furrier Mr. Fraser sen. Joseph Frazer William A. Fry Hugh Foster William Ford John Freeman Lewis Faulkner John Fowler 6 Dr. James Fishback Alexander Frazier William Fowler
G
James Grubb James Green John Griffith James Gaines 2 John C. Geddy Starke Galliam Joseph Green Abm. Gallatin & co. Richard Green Adam Grant Philip Gaugh George Gallagher Lewis Garrett
H
Catharine Hargy Richard Hiter David Herron Bent. H. Henderson Richard Hightower Mrs. Hamilton John Hedington John Harkins 2 Peter Hall Thomas Hughes Joseph Hunter David Henderson Stephen Heard Thomas Helm William Hanlon Thomas Hoskins Alex. Hamilton Alexander Hall Joseph St. L. D. Abraham H. Huffer Happutt Thomas F. Lemphill Frederick Hankle 2 Jas. Hanna
I
Thomas Irwin George M. Johnson Joseph (negro) John James or Timothy Parish Samuel Jamelion Christian Ilgner Robert Ibbetson Robert Irwin
K
William King Oliver Keen Matthew Kenny jr. William Kile
L
Daniel Lamnot Ala K. Lewis 2 Peter Lawton Charles Lyon William Longe Samuel Lewis 4 Samuel Lyon Thomas T. Lowry John Lowry John Lowrey Garnet Linglefelter William Lewis Whitehead Leonard Alexander Lewis John Logan William Leavy Bernard Linglefelder John Lowrey
M
Saml. Meredith 6 Archd. M'Kee Mary May James M'Cartney John M'Intier James Murry Hiram Mitchell John Matchell Charles Myers Adam M'Connell 2 William Maffie Jno. or Wm. Miller David Miller George Mansell Wm. Moore jr. 2 James M'Cutchon Benjamin Moore Wm. M'Pheeters John M'Kinly Willis Morgan Alexander M'Vett John Morrison
N
Amos Nicholas O Paul Overfield John P. Oldham Thomas Oury Samuel Offett
P
John Proudfoot Arthur Points 2 Samuel Pryor Mr. Pemberton William Porter Jonathan Pew Hezekiah Procter Rev. John Price Thomas Payne Pool
Benjamin Price Nathaniel Pope Porter & King
R James C. Ramley Robert Rankins Jesse Robard Mines Ratcliff and Mr. Russell Stone John White cutter Isaac H. Robinett Elijah Ransdell William Rice John Roffell David Reid Clifton Rodes Moses Robins Dr. C. Rodgers William Roufe William Robertson
S Samuel Smith Robert Simpson Mathias Shryock Rev. G. S. Smith William Sheller Mr. Stewart's K. John Speed Herald William Snodgrass John Skinner 2 David Snodgrass John Stites Ains Stewart Sheriff of Fayette Martin Sisif county James H. Stewart George F. Shaughter Dr. M. Schaag Andrew Steele Edw. Springer Charles Smith George Shackleford Lucy Strethly James Spires
T William Taylor Robt. Taylor or Wm. D. S. Taylor Robert Hill David Thomas Joseph Thompson 2 J. R. Toulmin, 3 Jas. & Tat. Truitt Michael Troy, Stephen Temple Fortunat. Tompkins Levi Todd Bennet Taber David Todd Robt. Tompkins James B. Tattle Wm. C. Trimble James Turner Lewis E. Turner
V
James Venable Ab. S. Vandegrave W John Wyatt 2 Emanuel Wainman Benjamin Whaley Thomas Winn Wm. B. Wallace James Winn Robert Wilson 2 Josiah Williams N. Willson J. W. Woodbridge Moses Wiley James Williams E. I. Winter jun. 2 Caleb Worley Geo. W. Word 6 Jo. Williams Dr. James White George Walker Maj. Wagnon Robert Watkins Dr. John Watkins 2
Y
Mr. Yeizer
JOHN JORDAN JUN. P. M.
A LIST OF LETTERS Remaining in the Post-Office at Winchester in Clarke county, which if not taken out within three months, will be sent to the General Post-Office as dead letters.
B
Benj. Blackwell Leonard Beall Vincent Baynes Robert Breaze
C
Thomas Constant Alexander Carter Robert Clarke Milley Clarke Will. Crawford
E
James Erwin
H
Wm. Hernden James Hazlerigg
L
Samuel Lyon Nicholas Lackey Thomas Lockett William Lyon Robinson Leforce
M
Walter Moffett Jas. M'Keehan 2 John Mukes sen. John L. Martin David Morgan
R
Sarah Richardson 2 Isaac Rees
S
James Swinney 3 Jacob Starns
T
Geo. G. Taylor Matt. Thompson
V
Robert Vice
W
Jonathan Wright.
EDMOND CALLOWAY, P.M.
August 16, 1803. FOR SALE, A MERCHANT MILL SAW MILL, and DISTILLERY, Situate on the waters of Silver creek, in Madison county, about six miles from the court-house, and ten miles from the Kentucky river, to which is annexed 140 acres of
LAND.
The stream and seat are equal to any in the state, and the mills and distillery in prime order. For terms apply to the subscriber on the premises.
ROBERT PORTER.
Madison county } tf. Oct. 1st, 1803.
WANTS EMPLOY,
A PERSON who wishes to be at such business of writing, as occurs in a Merchant's counting house, or of records. Enquire at this Office.

Reflections on POLITICAL ECONOMY, and the PROSPECT BEFORE US.
Addressed to the Citizens of the Western Country.
No. VI.
Market relative to the Farmer and Merchant.
1st. Markets relative to the Farmer.
I HAVE heretofore suggested a variety of arguments to prove to the agricultural class of citizens, the real necessity of giving support only to the mercantile body of exporters. But this part of the subject is very far from being complete. Admitting that in general the farmer sells his produce to the exporter for such articles of merchandise, in return, as his occasions required; Admitting, also, that he resorted to the cash retailer as a last resort, with the patriotic determination to discourage the ruinous exportation of the circulating medium of the country; yet his duty requires a further reform in his economy, to bring things to their natural operation. If he resolves to push the mercantile capital of the exporter into effect, by giving it all the aid in his power, he must leave nothing undone on his part; but commit into the hands of the merchant, the most complete means of executing his plan to the fullest practicable extent.
In a new state of society, almost every thing is worked by the impulse of necessity. For some years past, many exportations have been made by the farmer to foreign markets, conducted on his own capital, by his own force, and under his own control. This never would have been the case, had their been capital sufficient in the commercial department, to have thrown the burthen into the hands of the merchant; but the necessity of acquiring money for his produce, prompted the enterprise, and made him resort to a foreign market for what he could not procure at home. This plan of doing business, dangerous as the expedient might be to those engaged in it, has something in it, at first sight, that looks as if it deserved encouragement. It appears as if it had a tendency to replenish that delinquency of cash, in the state, which the ruinous mode of exporting it out, had produced. But let the plan be examined. It will assume a different aspect when every calculation of its effects are made, from actual experiment and the true principles of economy.
In the arrangement of the ordinary duties of life an orderly classification of labour among the members of society, seems absolutely necessary to give it a happy effect. This arrangement grows out of the wise ordination of nature, which can never err. In the economy of states, she assigns to the cultivator of the soil, the duty and the means of bringing forth the first rude materials of her productions; to the manufacturer, skill in preparing it for consumption, and to the merchant, the care of sending it to the remote parts of the world, for the benefit of mankind. To throw nature out of its ordinary channel, by blending into one heterogeneous mass the various parts of this wise system of action, would be to forfeit our claims on her bounty. In this country where she has scattered her blessings around with a liberal hand, let us regulate our economy upon an infallible basis. Hence we will immediately perceive, that agreeably to the present situation of our affairs, there can be but two kinds of markets opened, as the means of carrying our natural advantages into effective operation.
1st. A market relative to the Farmer. 2d. A market relative to the Merchant.
1st The appropriate market, relative to the farmer, is that which is opened for the sale of his produce, by the merchant, at home. Such as are the different towns and cities, where the mercantile body resides, within the country.
For some time past, however, the farmer has been compelled to resort to the market relative to the merchant; because the merchant at home had opened none peculiar to the farmer, and of course drove him to the necessity of shipping his own produce. This, as it relates to the real situation of the western country, was certainly treading on dangerous ground. It might have been foreseen that the enterprise which prompted the farmer to embark his produce to a market, situated 1200 miles from home, on a river whose navigation was unknown to him, and among a people not the most faithful in the world, could not have produced any thing very effective. It was assuming a position that did not naturally belong to him; the ruinous effects of which I shall point out in my next number.
In the mean time let it be considered as the first duty of the farmer, to give strength, direction, and activity to that market at home which is relative to himself. Let him co-operate with the merchant, who is willing to embark his capital in the exporting trade, to render that trade worth pursuing. The effect will soon be, that he will find a market at home, sufficiently valuable to reward every effort of his labour; that will take the burthen of shipping his own produce off his hands, and in general
yield him a much higher profit than can possibly arise from the unnatural mode of exporting for himself; when the loss of time, the expense of the adventure, the chances of miscarriage from ignorance, and the danger of being cheated at market by the unprincipled Spaniard, or the rapacious speculator, are taken into consideration. He should never seek to be a rival with the exporting merchant; because although a steady emulation in many of the arts of mental and corporeal ingenuity leads frequently to great excellence, yet the case is different, when the competition is carried on by two bodies naturally dissimilar in all their movements and operations.
What commercial capital we have in the country is in its infancy. It requires the fostering care and protection of the farming class of society, who can alone give it that encouragement and direction, which shall in future not only make it mutually beneficial to the mercantile and agricultural classes, but to every member of the community. On the other hand, the farmer who shall think of enriching himself by the unnatural mode of carrying his own produce to a foreign market, will find himself mistaken, at the end of a few years. Thus the competition, from the very nature of things is calculated at the present juncture of our affairs, to produce two important effects; discouragement to the merchant and ruin to the farmer. It will always, therefore, be the most profitable to the farmer to confine himself to his farm, which is certainly the natural sphere of his action. Let him cultivate the earth to the full extent of his force. Let him draw forth from the bounties of nature the greatest quantity and variety of her productions. When he has prepared his commodities for market, let him sell them to the merchant who is willing to encourage the exporting trade, and then the cash retailer, whose policy is to send from the country the circulating medium, as he would avoid the enemy of the community. When he sells his produce to the exporter, let him draw as little cash from him as possible; but if he wants any of his merchandise, it will eventually be to his interest to give him the preference.
By this means the great purposes of nature will be best conserved. She will be thrown into her proper channel of operation. The present cash retailer will be converted into the true and useful merchant. The exporting trade will push all our natural advantages, which now lie dormant, into effect. The farmer will find his opulence increasing around him, and society will begin to live.
ARISTIDES.
Desultory Reflections on the ASPECT OF POLITICS, in relation to the WESTERN PEOPLE.
NO. 3.
IT has been remarked by some eastern writer that the cession of Louisiana will furnish a most important epocha in our history.
The propriety of this remark will appear in the course of these enquiries.
It is very certain that about the period of the cession, the French or the British were speedily to possess themselves of Louisiana. The French by virtue of their treaty with Spain, or the English by a conquest from France, which their naval superiority would have ensured to them.
In either event the colonization of that country was certain. Equally so was a change in our commercial relations.
From Louisiana, France or England would have attempted to draw a supply of all that produce which they received at present from the United States. To attain this end it is rational to suppose that all the migrations which are now making to the United States, would have been as much as possible directed to Louisiana. Our citizens would have been also invited and have been tempted to migrate thither by all the inducements which art or policy could hold out. Lands would have been granted upon easy terms, and such encouragement given to trade, that multitudes of industrious and useful citizens, would have been lost to us forever. Their productions in every respect similar to ours would have rivalled us in the markets of Europe, and in that empire of which Louisiana was a part, we should have been excluded altogether. At the present moment, we supply European empires with such articles only with such articles only as their colonies cannot produce, or with which they cannot fully supply themselves. Such articles as we produce in common are either wholly excluded, or prohibited by duties which prevent their exportation. So that as soon as Louisiana could supply the mother country, our produce would have been prohibited. In the mean time the duties upon it would have been raised, and such encouragement given to the produce of the colony, that the whole face of it would have rapidly improved.
Whilst therefore our surplus produce was increasing our markets must have diminished; and the progress of our population and wealth been checked by the removal of both to a foreign country.
This was the prospect of our affairs, when the cession of the port of New Orleans furnished our government with the pretext for negotiation. The question then presented itself, whether we should negotiate or fight for the restoration of our stipulated rights? or negotiate or fight for the whole country?
By enforcing our stipulated rights only we left other powers in possession of the lower country, who might vex and embarrass us continually, and subject us to all the inconveniences which have been enumerated; without having it in our power to prevent or counteract them. As might be expected, a plan was adopted to possess ourselves of the whole country by negotiation. And a plan formed with more wisdom or executed with more success, will perhaps not be found in the annals of history.
The jealousies which might be engendered in the minds of the western people are removed; their commercial rights placed on a basis which the boldest in speculation did not hope or expect; a country acquired happily situated for commerce, and capable of producing most of the necessaries and luxuries for which we now depend upon foreign nations? and the old states freed from many apprehensions of foreign influence.
But notwithstanding those dangers are over, and so many advantages are acquired, it seems that some politicians entertain fears of a general decline in the value of property in the old states, (particularly the western) a removal of their wealth and population to Louisiana, and a check to the progress of manufactures.
Perhaps some of those evils may be felt, but their influence can be partial only, and they would have been greater as we have already seen, had an European power colonized that country. But cannot our government counteract their influence? With a policy different from that of any European government, can it not by measures adapted for the purpose, settle the Louisiana gradually, as the lands become valuable, as the old states populate, as the people seem disposed to emigrate, or become disposed to force emigration? It may be true that the United States cannot prevent the settlement of that part of the country which is now granted to individuals; but those grants cannot be very extensive; nor is it probable that many will be disposed to remove to an isolated piece of country where extensive settlements cannot be formed, nor a sufficient number settle to furnish each other with many of the conveniences of life.
Some too may be disposed to settle on the public lands without assurances from the government that they shall acquire a pre-emption right to them. But this class will be composed of characters who having lived on the frontiers from their infancy, have acquired habits which unfit them for civilized life. Few others will go where their improvements are not certainly to be enjoyed and transmitted to their natural heirs. Security is essential to the improvement of property. None will work on that to day, which may be taken from them to-morrow. It is, therefore, probable that a few examples of ejecting settlers from their habitations, will prevent others from pursuing their example. An argument to the contrary is drawn from the migration of people to the public lands in the North-Western Territory; but the government of that Territory gave them encouragement, upon the belief that the value of those lands would be enhanced. Yet the number of those settlers never was considerable; nor do we find that the spirit of migration to other public lands is active, though there seems to be no discouragement, and the example of the North-Western Territory is before the people.
Admitting that a very extensive migration is to follow, that no policy or act of the government can prevent it, what dangerous consequences will follow? Some fear the depopulation of the old states, and as a consequence, a general fall in the value of property, without reflecting that the body of no people will ever from curiosity or prospects of distant wealth, give up benefits they already enjoy, for uncertain and remote advantages. Partial migrations only can be expected. But so rapid are the migrations from Europe, so fast do our numbers increase from natural sources, that the old states must still increase in population and wealth, and vacancies fill up as often as they happen. In Ireland, whence more people have gone than from any other country in the world, notwithstanding the numberless infortunes which have happened, the drain of men to supply the English army, and navy, the discouragements upon her commerce and manufactures which have been laid by the English Parliament, the oppression of the poor, and the drain of Irish wealth, by the residence of their gentry and nobility in the English capital; Ireland, at the commencement of the late troubles was more rich and populous than at any former period, her property of more value, and her wealth continually increasing. Mr. Hume justly observes that wealth and population leave no country where the people are industrious: and it is not to be presumed that migration from hence will carry off the spirit of industry. One would rather think that the cession of Louisiana would give a spur, a motive, an incitement to labour, which it never had before.
But the history of the English colonies furnishes us with an example very
similar to that of Ireland. Our settlements have been constantly extending themselves over an immense country; but the old were never impoverished by the new; but rather progressed gradually in wealth and population, and their property as gradually rose in value. The proportion between our settled and unsettled territory is not very different now from what it was fifty years ago. Nor can future migrations be greater in all human probability; nor can we expect them to have different consequences. If property did not fall, or continue at a point formerly, why will it now? and if it should fall in value or remain at a resting point in future, why did it not formerly?
What are the consequences then which we may expect? Only that our labour will continue in the old direction. But are we certain that any other would be more profitable, more advantageous, or more fortunate to our character and morals? The great body of the people at present obtain foreign manufactures, in exchange for their produce at less expense and trouble than they could, were they to manufacture themselves. And unless they should be determined to abandon the pure air of the country for the shop of the artisan, to leave their farms for the sinks of vice (towns and cities) they must not think of manufacturing for themselves.
Mr. Smith, the celebrated writer on the wealth of nations (page 366) ascribes the rapid progress of the American states to their being engaged in the common pursuit of agriculture, which gave them foreign capitals to enrich their country; and adds that if they had manufactured also, the products of their labour would not have been so valuable. His opinions appear reasonable; for suppose the capital engaged in manufactures and trade in Lexington, to be applied to the improvement of the surrounding country, the places they occupied would be filled by others; and thus the neighborhood would be benefited by the capital of both the old and new traders.
When, therefore, we have it in our power to settle this country as we please, either gradually or immediately, we may prevent the evils which we might fear others would bring on us. The policy and acts of others we could not command: now we have the country to ourselves, the line of conduct which convenience and policy shall point out can be pursued.
PHOCION.
† See this subject handled in a masterly and philosophic manner by Mr. Jefferson in his Notes on Virginia.
† Mr. Jefferson in his Notes on Virginia, says, property generally doubled itself in value once in twenty or twenty-five years.
MR. BRADFORD,
IS it possible that the plan published in your paper of the 16th of August, under the signature of Medicus , containing in substance, a suggestion to the Lexington Medical Society of petitioning our next Legislature to enact a law for limiting the competition in the practice of medicine in this state, and consequently for establishing an exclusive privilege in that branch, can be meant in good earnest to be carried into execution?
I could at the time not persuade myself that any such petition would be offered; but since this project of Medicus , wherein the public is deeply concerned, appears still to be kept alive, I must beg leave to offer a few remarks on the subject.
No physicians are fit to practise or deserve confidence, we are informed by Medicus , but those who have past an examination before men of integrity and professional abilities. This proposition is apparently intended to serve for a basis. The next thing intimated by Medicus is that the informing the public hereof, is not sufficient to secure their application to the proper physicians. They go wherever they please. This liberty, therefore, must be left to their discretion no longer. To secure this point, an end must be put to the indiscriminate admission of practitioners, and no body must have the right of practising physic in this state, but the society (or the gentlemen who have flood their examination,) and those by them admitted after due examination. This is to be done by the Legislature, by an act for the regulation &c. The consequence whereof will be, that the public will be sensible that they can apply to none but able family physicians. The aforesaid privilege being obtained, all other practitioners shall have no right of practising in Kentucky, but shall be prevented from affording any medical assistance to the people at their requisition and call: and this examination is to be viewed by the quacks and empirics as the approach of a death warrant, and to operate as a dagger to their hearts.
This is what I understand to be the substance and real meaning of his letter. If in the short account I have given of it, I have erred in any material circumstance, I would assure the writer that my error is unintentional. The whole of his publication is so weak, that I would call it bad policy in any body to slander him. His letter, besides, is public and in the hands of everybody. The abstract of his plan seems to me to be an examination for a test, and an exclusive privilege (in name or in substance) to support it; or, an exclusive privilege as
the main object in view, and an examination for a test of admittance. Take which you please. Where we differ, Medicus and me, is only in the method of exposition, he has described the thing which I have named.
His first proposition, considered as a theoretical assertion, is in the present instance none of my concerns. What we have to consider, let him be right or wrong, is whether the public must be made to go by his rule, if they prefer to proceed by another? However, for argument sake, I cannot help observing, that it is unaccountable to me how a man of learning, as I suppose Medicus must be, should insist so considerably on the importance of this examination work? I wish he would tell us, for what reason those examinations have been in ancient times introduced in the liberal arts? or what purpose they can reasonably answer? The examinations in the liberal arts, I think, have or finally been established, where they are most in vogue on the other side of the ocean, in imitation of the customs prevailing in the manuel trades; for the requisite of an examination, and the becoming of a master in the liberal arts, is manifestly copied from the examinations and the denomination, or title of master adopted in the manual employments, or incorporated trades, which are by far the oldest institutions. And the avowed purpose of all those examinations is, to judge whether a candidate or an apprentice is or is not, sufficiently able to be trusted or permitted to offer himself for employment to the public.
It is evident at first view, that the conferring of a licence of practising with the ceremony of an examination, is in its origin and nature, a sham business, and entirely a pretence to support the privilege of the corporation, because without that examination the public would not be at a loss to judge for themselves, no more than they are at a loss of finding out the good hands in places where no privileges and no such examinations are introduced, and where, moreover, the public are always much better served.
However the nature of those examinations, or trials we find differ according to circumstances. In the liberal arts the proof consists in a verbal examination, in questioning and answering. But when a shoemaker's apprentice is examined, does the proof consist in questions and answers, how he would sew this or that part? no, he has to go to work, and make a pair of shoes. A house carpenter has to make a part of a fair case, a hair dresser a wig, &c. That is something at least to the purpose. In Physic, Law, &c. it is impossible to go by the same rule, and we must abide by a verbal examination, a session of questions and answers, confessedly the most insignificant and the least satisfactory of all proofs in a practical subject; and more particularly when the practis of physic and surgery are combined together, as it is the case in this state. But the candidate being unable to produce as yet any other or better evidence of his proficiency, there is no other way left but this imperfect one, of forming, or pretending to form, any opinion at all of his abilities, where custom or exclusive privileges require that a practitioner should be provided with a certificate or diploma, testifying that he has been duly tried or examined, and has therein proved triumphant, in order to acquire the liberty of offering his services to the public.
It is, therefore, plain to common sense, that the presumption of skill arising from this sort of examination can be but slight. And if this inference should appear not to be plain enough, the event at least will satisfy any body, when considering the number of ignorant persons who annually receive the honors of graduation in the most celebrated universities.
Hence the rule of the public of considering the ceremony of an examination before men of integrity and professional abilities as no sterling evidence of skill, is not so absurd as Medicus would make us believe. Nor is the whole ceremony at all intended to make that impression on the public: the examination is required for the benefit of the corporation, and the public of course are left to judge for themselves.
It is evident then that that examination work, instead of being the marvellous talisman, the great proof of superior abilities, is in truth and sober language, the lightest evidence possible of the merits of a practitioner, and that his work or his performance is the only true and real touch-stone. And this accordingly is the mark which guides the judgment of the public, and commands their custom.
Obscure hints and declamations about the arcana of erudition, may have had their use in the rusty times of scholastic wisdom, among the metaphysical jargon and quibbles of the twelfth century; the people might then have been wonderstruck and amazed at the profundity of academic learning, but it will not do, fir, in the age we live in. That sort of pedantry is left off, and is become in disuse, with the consultations of the doctors in bad latin, and their caps and their cloaks. Since physicians dress and talk like other people, such things are now looked upon as ancient mock comedies, and as denoting ignorance and a contracted mind, and are particularly avoided, despised and laughed at by all characters who would call themselves gentlemen. The public opinion on this

subject is so completely reversed, and the necessity of avoiding any thing like pedantry is carried to such an excess, that there are people who would not like to see a man of learning and manners adopting a name terminating in us , like Medicus , while he might to the same effect have called himself a Physician in plain English.
Before I proceed to that part of the publication I am examining, which more immediately concerns us, it will be necessary to take a cursory survey of the quacks, of whom Medicus has given us such an alarming account. The subject itself, and the limits of this letter (already too long) will, I hope, be deemed a sufficient apology for my being very short.
The story of the swarms of quacks must, I think, be a mistake.
I would not pretend to determine how many of them will make out a swarm, but at any moderate calculation, that every one of those quacks should for his part in a twelve month, kill hundreds of our fellow citizens, is not credible, considering our present population, and must be a mistake likewise.
It will, I hope, be readily agreed, admitting those swarms of quacks to exist, that his principle of refined humanity, by which he supports the idea of famishing to death one quack and his innocent family, for the safety of the community, cannot apply to a whole swarm or several swarms, and that he ought to allow a decision, to act constantly with any common humanity.
That those quacks should commit such an enormous waste among the people, and that the public should, notwithstanding, keep flocking to them, and desert the men of abilities who would save them, is perfect darkness to me. Why, if our reason were gone, we would have as much left in us of the instinct of a brute, to fly from those who injure us! I suspect there must be some mistake here likewise.
It is on these grounds, however, that Medicus concludes, that there is no other remedy left to provide for the public, but an act of the Assembly, granting an exclusive privilege to those men who have past an examination, and confining the public within bounds where they cannot break through. This inference is evidently wrong, even admitting the premises.
If those swarms of quacks, by some unknown cause, did really exist, yet no regulation, no interference of the Legislature would be necessary. The public, it has been told long ago, will cheerfully execute any body from having the least real or affected uneasiness about them, in order to guard them from the danger of trusting to bad hands and deserting the good ones. I have also observed before, that the public proceed by too safe a rule, & mind their interest too well, to suffer themselves to be deceived or injured long by any man or swarms of men in practical matters. And they have in their own hands the true remedy against the evil, they will not go at the expence of feeding those swarms for nothing, or to the injury of themselves, and without feeding you know they can't swarm long. To insinuate that Legislative aid is here necessary, is to suppose that the public is in a state of insanity, and that the reformer has monopolized their wits, before he attempted to monopolize their custom. It is too much to admit that the people are too stupid to chuse their own physician, and I would as lief join Thomas Hobbes, and grant the human species to be devils as to believe them such fools.
The fact is, that in all practical professions and trades, the ignorant and bad hands are soon discovered and dismissed, without the smallest interference of government, because it is not in nature that they should support themselves at the expence of the public, unless they were backed by an exclusive privilege, by which the public is compelled to employ them whether they will or not.
And this reflection leads us to the principle so thoroughly understood in our days, that for supplying the public at all times with the most able and industrious men in all trades and professions, a limitation of competition, or an exclusive privilege, is so far from being the proper method, that the very reverse is true. It is not but by the means of an unlimited competition, an equal chance to all who please to enter into the contest, that industry and talents are raised and kept alive, and that ignorance and fraud are discouraged and depressed: whereas it is only by an exclusive privilege that ignorant, lazy and fraudulent people, can be & actually are fettered on the public, and that for ages together.
However, as long as all those questions remain within the line of speculation, as subjects of private debate in society, it is all very well, it is of no material consequence who is right or wrong, and every body, of course, will enjoy his own opinion. But when Medicus will step beyond this line, & will petition the legislature to assist him in forcing his opinions on the public; to let him and his friends have an exclusive privilege; to shut the door to a free competition in this state; to put the people at large in the leading strings to keep them from falling; to deprive the employers of their right of choosing for themselves the persons they have to employ, then indeed the subject becomes serious and alarming.
Then for my part, I must object alike against the design of bringing the public
under this sort of tutelage, as unnecessary and oppressive; and against the grant of an exclusive privilege in particular (whether it be in name or in substance) as a method absolutely unfit to accomplish the benevolent design of providing for the better service of the public.
If the opinions of Medicus in the abstract were as right, as I believe them undoubtedly to be wrong, yet I wish that no recourse should be had to compulsory means, and that the people should be left at liberty to provide for their own health in their own way, and agreeable to their own feelings; a contrary proceeding is the compelle intrare of the Church of Rome in former times in matters of religion. Besides for the Lawgiver to direct what physician or what surgeon the public shall employ and pay, or what practitioner shall be prohibited from assisting the people at their request, would be an injudicious tampering with private and family concerns, and an interference altogether foreign to the cares and the institution of government.
But I object in particular against an exclusive privilege considered as the means of carrying the reforming scheme in execution, because of all means this is the least calculated to obtain the desired effect. It would evidently ensure to the public nothing but the encumbrance of being controuled in their domestic affairs, without affording to them the benefit of being provided with better physicians; because it is contrary to experience that practitioners in any profession are likely to become more industrious, more able, more careful and attentive to the public, when the excitement arising from a free competition will be taken away, and all the custom secured in their hands by a privilege.
And if this be found doctrine, the reasons alleged by Medicus in support of an exclusive privilege are answered. What are his reasons? Why, the old reasons: the privilege is asked for the benefit of the public; and the benefit will consist in this, that the public will be in no danger of being hurt by trusting to a practitioner, who may be ignorant, or careless, or fraudulent, because none will be left to apply to but the members of the privileged society, who will all be men of integrity, of abilities, and of the greatest care and attention. I do not know that Medicus has given any other argument in favor of an exclusive right of practising, or that any other argument ever has, or can be adduced to support a petition for suffering a particular set of men to establish a monopoly in any profession, or in any manual trade.
An exclusive privilege is in its nature a selfish and odious contrivance, inimical to individuals in the same line of business, and inimical to the public at large, first by hindering them from employing whom they think proper, and next by restraining the competition, their best security of being well served. It is beneficial to none but those who are invested with the privilege, and who now must be employed and paid by the public, let them be good or bad.
But the subject of exclusive privileges has been so exhausted, their unpopular tendency and bad effects in society are so generally understood, that it would be needless for me to add another word in refutation of the system. The very name seems to sound in our day synonymous with public scourge.—A free and undisturbed competition, a fair chance to all, no privileges, no monopolies is a fundamental rule, the spirit of our government and our policy.
I will finish here with the following extracts taken from Ad. Smith's Wealth of Nations , which will be sufficient to evince on this subject in general the sense of an author, whose authority in those matters, I believe, is not disputed.
"The exclusive privileges of corporations, statutes of apprenticeship and all those laws which restrain, in particular employments, the competition to a smaller number than might otherwise go into them, have the same tendency (with monopolies) though in a less degree. They are a sort of enlarged monopolies, &c."
"The real and effectual discipline which is exercised over a workman, is not that of his corporation, but that of his customers. It is the fear of losing their employment which restrains his frauds and corrects his negligence. An exclusive corporation necessarily weakens the force of this discipline. A particular set of men must then be employed, let them behave well or ill. It is upon this account that in many large incorporated towns, no tolerable workmen are to be found, even in some of the most necessary trades. If you would have your work tolerably executed, it must be done in the suburbs, where the workmen having no exclusive privilege, have nothing but their characters to depend upon, and you must then smuggle it into town as well as you can."
"The exclusive privilege of an incorporated trade necessarily restrains the competition.—It is a manifest encroachment upon the just liberty both of the workman, and of those who might be disposed to employ him. As it hinders the one from working at what he thinks proper, so it hinders the others from employing whom they think proper. To judge whether he is fit to be employed, may surely be trusted to the discretion of the employers, whose interest it so much concerns. The affected anxiety of the Lawgiver lest they should employ an
improper person, is evidently as impertinent as it is oppressive."
I am yours, A FARMER. LONDON, JULY 9.
A rumor was circulated yesterday afternoon, that a great number of transports and flat bottomed boats, supposed to be French, had been seen from the Isle of Wight on Sunday evening, steering an easterly course.—Signals were immediately made, and all the coast was instantly upon the alert and in arms. The troops from all quarters hastened to the beach. One of the regiments encamped, struck its tents, and marched to Fort Monckton. The Portobello cavalry assembled, the sea-fencibles were ordered upon duty by a signal from admiral Holloway's ship. In less than an hour they were all embarked on board the boats and took their station at the mouth of the harbor. Information was immediately transmitted to government, both by the Telegraph and by messengers, and an express was sent off to earl Grosvenor from his regiment the Flintshire militia now in the Isle of Wight.
Extract of a letter from an officer of distinction belonging to the garrison of Dublin, dated July 25.
"Lieut. Colman, a young officer of the 9th infantry, who, upon the first alarm, had with a party of the barracks division, proceeded to scour Bridge-street, observed in a narrow lane, a car and hackney coach standing—he searched the car, and found it laden with ammunition which he instantly sent under an escort to the barracks—he then proceeded to examine the coach from which unluckily a person escaped; but on entering the house, he discovered in the upper story a false partition, which being opened discovered a depot of arms, ammunition and clothing, for a rebel army, to an extent almost incredible, the number of pikes alone amounted to seventeen thousand—of ball cartridges, thirty thousand, of green uniforms faced with white, several hundred. In the hackney coach was found nearly three reams of a proclamation from the provisional government to the people of Ireland. By this sudden enterprise of lieut. Colman, the leaders seem to have been surprised, and the head-quarters broken up.—Near Chapelizod a serious skirmish took place, in which the 62d regiment lost eight men; but amply avenged themselves in the slaughter of near one hundred rebels."
Our Portsmouth letter this morning mentions the alacrity manifested by all ranks of people, and the speed with which every preparation was made to receive and chastise the enemy. The fleet, however, which was supposed to be an enemy's, was a fleet of coasters, in company with several American ships.
The vessels which failed to the back of the Isle of Wight, have, in consequence returned, and the gun-boats which had been stationed at the mouth of the harbor, have resumed their former stations.
BALTIMORE, Sept. 23. Trial by Court Martial.
Capt. James Sterritt of the United States artillery, who was arrested by Gen. Wilkinson on the 5th ultimo, under charges of a personal nature, the principle of which was speaking disrespectfully of him, the commanding general—was tried by a court consisting of seven members, which met at camp Bayard, on the 6th, and was continued by adjournment until the 12th. Capt. Edward D. Turner, president. Whatever may have been the sentence of this court, the Gen. by his order of the 24th, thought proper to disapprove it—charges the court with informal, prejudiced and illegal procedure —continues captain Sterritt in arrest, confining him to the fort or camp guards, and suspending him in the exercise of his functions as district paymaster, until such a court can be convened as the General shall think capable of judging him.
Extract of a Letter from an American gentleman in London, under date of 4th August, 1803.
"London and Westminster will have 100,000 troops. At least that number are exercised four hours every day. The squares and church yards in many parishes are occupied for the purpose of training them. In three months this country will have an effective force of one million of men. If France does not attack very soon, her own sea port towns will be laid waste. They already talk of an army of France, to meet that of England upon the continent. This force will not be less than 200,000, and mostly volunteers. Let the invasion be on which side it may, the conflict will be dreadful."
LEXINGTON, OCTOBER 11.
MARRIED, On Thursday evening last, Mr. Solomon B. Price, to Miss Polly Mansell, both of this county.
DIED, Yesterday morning, David L. Holmes, son of Mr. Lloyd Holmes, of this town.
AS I am now making arrangements for publishing A History of the Indian Wars in the Western Country of North America, from the commencement of hostilities against the United States, to the Treaty of Greenville , I will thank such persons as are acquainted with relative facts, to communicate them to me, as soon as possible.
Such printers of news papers in the United States as are friendly disposed to the undertaking, will be so good as to insert the above.
ALLAN B. MACRUDER.
HANNAH EVANS, Who was raised in the state of Delaware, and married a Mr. Pearce, and after his decease a Mr. John Irvin, lives now in Lewisburgh, Greenbrier county, Virginia, and is solicitous to find out the place of residence of her brother David Evans, of whom she has not heard since he came to Kentucky—as a further token by which he may know her, their mother was an eminent midwife; and she, the said Hannah let her said brother have a horse when he came away—She wishes to communicate with him by letter.
The printers in this state are requested to publish the above.
DIED, December, 1802, at Lancaster, Penn. on his way to Kentucky, Mr. THOMAS HICKS, a native of England. As the said Hicks died worth considerable property, and having a brother in this state, perhaps the only relation in America, who it is presumed has not as yet had notice of it,—the printers of news-papers will do an act of kindness by giving this a place in their papers.
For particulars, Mr. Hicks will please to apply at this office.
For Sale, THAT VALUABLE FARM,
OR TRACT OF LAND, On which I now live, formerly occupied by the Reverend David Rice, containing 509 acres, in the county of Mercer, near Danville—it is in good repair, and in complete farming order; it is as well watered as any tract of land of its size in the state. There is on said farm, a good Dwelling House, Kitchen, Barn, Stables & other out Houses.
Likewise, a large Stone Distillery, a good bearing Apple and Peach Orchard, with sundry other valuable properties, not necessary to mention, as any person willing to purchase, will view the premises, and judge for themselves. The title is indisputable—For terms of sale apply to the subscriber.
EDW. WORTHINGTON. Oct. 4, 1803. *2m
MILITARY LANDS.
For Sale, TWO valuable tracts of MILITARY LAND, situate on the river Ohio (state of Ohio) about 25 miles below Limestone, including the mouth of Bear creek, and extending up the river 1519 perches to the mouth of Maple creek. One of these tracts containing 1400 acres, was granted to Gen. John Nevill; the other containing 2222 acres, granted to Gen. Daniel Morgan. A large proportion of each of these tracts, is river bottom of the first quality, on which are several improvements; the balance excellent upland well watered and timbered. The lines of survey will be shewn by Jonathan Taylor, or Peter Demoss, who live on the lands.
I will sell on a long credit, on the interest being paid annually—For further information enquire of James Morrison, in Lexington, Kentucky, who is in possession of a draught descriptive of the surveys, or the subscriber in Pittsburgh.
PRESLEY NEVILL. Oct. 8, 1803.
FOR RENT, From one to ten years,
A PLANTATION, OF 120 acres, in repair, 4 miles from George Town, Scott county—Prime advantages as to orchards, wood, water, fencing, housing and neighborhood mills. For terms apply to the owner in Shelby, or Gen. Henry, near the premises.
MATTHEWS FLOURNOY.
THE TRUSTEES OF THE Transylvania University, are requested to be punctual in their attendance at the University, in Lexington, on Tuesday the 18th of this instant, as there is important business to come before them.
October 5th, 1803.
To be Sold for ready CASH, On Wednesday the last day of November next, at the plantation of the late William Fitz Garrel deceased, about six miles from Lexington, near Masterson's old Station, SEVEN NEGROES, Viz. Two Men, One Woman, & Four Children, the property of the said deceased. Thomas Fitz Garrel, Silas Fitz Garrel.
Fayette county, } Oct. 5, 1803. } *2
LEXINGTON & FRANKFORT
STAGE.
THE public are respectfully informed, that my Stage Coach will start from Mr. Bradley's Inn, Lexington, every Monday and Friday morning at day-break; and from Frankfort, every Tuesday and Saturday at noon.—Passengers may engage places at 9s. each allowing 18lb. baggage, and 11-2 cents per lb. for extra baggage.
JNO. KENNEDY. Lexington, 10th Oct. 1803.
TO BE SOLD, On a Credit of Five Years,
Or to be Rented for the same time, That Valuable TRACT OF LAND,
OF 1000 acres, on the waters of North Elkhorn, eight miles from Lexington, and about four from Georgetown, formerly well known by the name of the Bryan Spring tract, being part of an old Military Survey.—It is equal in quality to any land in the state of Kentucky, and is well watered and timbered—there are about 150 acres well cleared & fenced & divided into convenient fields & lots, 20 acres of meadow, besides lots of clover and blue grass—there is a large, elegant brick house, two stories high, with three rooms on a floor; also a kitchen, two stories high, together with a good spring house, corn house, stables, &c.—There is convenient to the dwelling house, a never failing spring of excellent water. The above land is in the vicinity of some valuable merchant mills. For further information respecting this tract of land, those disposed to purchase may enquire of the Hon. John Breckinridge, now at the city of Washington, to John Pope Esq. in Lexington, or to the subscriber on the premises.
WALTER WARFIELD. October 10th, 1803.
LOST, IN Lexington, on September court day, a pair of
Saddle-bags,
Containing a set of Surveyor's Instruments, the Compass made by Chandler, a pair of Thread Stockings and Neck Hankerchief. Information of the above property given to the printer, shall be satisfactorily rewarded.
TAKE NOTICE—That on the tenth day of November next, at the house now occupied by James Wiggleworth, near a large Cave spring, on the lower or Westwardly side of the main South fork of Licking, and about three or four miles below Cynthia, I shall attend with commissioners appointed by the county court of Harrison, to take the depositions of witnesses to perpetuate testimony & concerning my entry and survey of 1000 acres of land, made by virtue of a Treasury Warrant, the 12th day of May 1780, lying on the main South fork of Licking, on both sides the road, to include two improvements, and a large cave spring, and to extend across the creek for quantity.
William Woods. October 4, 1803.
TAKEN up by Benjamin Vanhook, in Harrison county, on Beaver creek, a bright bay Mare, eight years old, large, some marks of the collar, appears to have been foundered; appraised to $1. July the 18th, 1803.
A copy, Attest. W. MOORE, C. H. C.
On the Fourth Friday in this month, Will be run over the Winchester course, [Clarke county.]
A PURSE RACE,
Of two mile heats, free for any horse, mare or gelding, who has never run the heats and won a purse or match race. On the succeeding day, will be a race of mile heats, for the entrance money of the first day. For information as to the terms of the race apply to Doct. ZECHARIAH FIELD, near the aforesaid town of Winchester.
7th October, 1803.
Clarke county, fr.
Taken up by John Davis, living on Howard's lower creek, a two year old Black Filley,
near 14 hands high, a few white hairs in her face, no brand perceivable; appraised to 40 dollars, before me, this 17th of August 1803. Wm. McMillan.

VERSE 9.
Written by a Young Lady of fifteen, on putting a Butter-fly out at her window, after having been in her room all Winter.
GO! happy insect! fly thy way, And frolic all the live-long day, Where'er thy fancy pleases; Thy tender form no blasts need fear, Soon will the summer smiles appear— Then fly and take thine ease.
The damask rose-bud soon will blush; Already hear yon warbling thrush Tune his sweet note to love: Then happy creature haste away, The spring invites—no longer stay; But haste its joys to prove.
Go on the lilly's bosom play, Which soon will welcome in the May, Soon charm the gazing sight: 'Till then the violet beds frequent, Where odors of the sweetest scent Will yield thee pure delight.
Oft may I meet thee in the grove, And see thee wanton—see thee rove; Blest liberty enjoy: O could I wanton—rove like thee On silken wing, from bud to tree, My bliss would never cloy.
Hear! from yon wood sad Philomel Her love-lorn anguish mildly tell; Soft trills her tender woe: The bee her labor has begun, And sips the produce of the sun: Then haste, my fly, to go.
When winter comes, seek out my cell, Again with grief and me to dwell, And mourn thy long-lost bliss; But left my soul ere then be fled, This form be mingled with the dead, Take thou a parting kiss.
DIVERSITY.
WHEN the king of Sweeney was in France, he was often requested to pay a visit to the celebrated Dr. Franklin; but he always refused. A nobleman who could speak to him with great freedom, having one day begged to know his Majesty's motives for declining what all the other sovereigns of Europe would do with pleasure—The Prince replied, "no one has a higher opinion than I of the doctor's sagacity and talents;—but a King who pretends to esteem an enthusiast for liberty, is necessarily a hypocrite. I love the doctor as a philosopher, but as a politician I hate him—I shall therefore avoid the company of a man whom I ought to shun both from principle and interest."
CAMDEN, (S. C.) August 21.
APPARITION!!!
On or about the 20th of June last, as I lay meditating before day, I saw plainly the appearance of a young woman, by name, Tabitha Ashly, standing by my bed-side. Tabitha departed this life about the 25th of February last.—The apparition said to me, "will you go to my father's house, and read and pray with them, pray mightily with them, and warn them to prepare to meet their God in Heaven! And also go to my sister's house, and warn them also to meet their God in Heaven!" And I said, "I will go." This alarming sight and voice put me in strange amazement for ten days; when one day as I was in my smith-shop, about mid-day, I heard a voice say to me, "I am afraid you will not go to my father's house." I then turned to see who it was, but saw no one. I then turned to go out, when the voice said, "and will you go?" I then spoke and said, "if the Lord will enable me I will go, and perform as far as the Lord enables me. The voice replied, "do as soon as you can make it convenient." Accordingly I went and performed my message, and again in my return, I heard the voice say to me, "now I am satisfied." The apparition was dressed in a robe of white, of a strange description.
WM. CRAGG.
Southern-Carolina, Kershaw District. Personally appeared Wm. Cragg, who being duly sworn, lays on oath, that the foregoing declaration is certain and true. Sworn to and signed, this 18th day of July 1803, before me, JOHN NIXON.
Blank Deeds,
On Parchment and Paper—for sale at this office.
BROWN AND WEST'S PATENT WOODEN STILL
HAVE been in use for some time, in the vicinity of Lexington, and have received the most unequivocal approbation from more than two hundred Practical Distillers, whose certificates could be easily procured.
Any common carpenter or cooper can construct a distillery on this plan, in three or four days, and the cost of stills which will contain 500 gallons, will not exceed 100 dollars.
Spirit (of high proof and free from all disagreeable taste) is produced by one operation, which saves the expense and trouble of doubling.
These stills work more than three times as fast as the common stills and require a very small quantity of fuel.
Gentlemen, who are desirous of purchasing the Patent Right for states, counties or single distilleries, will please to apply to the Patentees in Lexington, Kentucky.
The price of Rights to individuals 50 dollars.
TOBACCO WANTED.
WALKER BAYLOR & SON, WANT to purchase a quantity of INSPECTED TOBACCO,
At any of the ware-houses on the Kentucky river, for which they will give CASH and MERCHANDIZE or ALL CASH in nine months. Apply at their store opposite the market-house, in Lexington.
September 27, 1803
A GREAT BARGAIN,
MAY be had in that valuable and handsome seat whereon I now live, in the county of Fayette, on Davy's fork of Elkhorn, containing about 450 or 460 acres, well improved, the dwelling house is of brick, two stories high, 46 feet long by 22 wide, finished off in a neat manner, and a very fine GRIST MILL, with two pair of stones, one of which is French Burr; the mills and dam were all built anew last summer, and generally thought to grind as fast as any mills in the state; the dam and all under-works of the mills are locust timbers. There is about 130 acres of open land, meadows and grass lots included; springs and stock water that was never known to fail. The title is indisputable, and a general warranty deed will be made to the purchaser. The Terms are 15 dollars per acre, (the land being made subject to the payments thereof) one half in hand, the other half at two equal payments of 12 months each, or it may be bought for four pounds per acre, by the cash being paid down. I will sell the whole or divide it to suit the purchasers, it lying well to divide.—For further particulars, by applying to the subscriber living on the premises, any person may be informed and shewn. Likewise
TWO STILL—FOR SALE.
One holds 127 gallons, a new still—the other holds 60 gallons, I will sell them low for cash.—For sale also, The well known thoroughbred horse LAMPLIGHTER,
Which is equal in blood and beauty to any horse in the state, and his colts the same if not superior—the said horse may be bought for 1500 dollars and not less, half in hand, for the other half twelve months credit will be given, or he may be bought for 1200 dollars Cash, and not less; he was seven years old last spring.
JOHN ROGERS.
Sept. 6, 1803.
EIGHT DOLLARS REWARD.
BROKE away from the subscriber, near the Hickman road, about 12 miles from Lexington, on the 3d of August last,
A SORREL MARE,
Four years old last spring, near 15 hands high, a star in her forehead & chip on her nose; some white hairs mixed over her—she was branded on the near shoulder with a small stirrup iron, but I am not certain that the brand is perceivable—she had a rope round her neck when she went away. Whoever will deliver the above mare to the subscriber, living on the waters of Harrod's creek, near Cane Ridge meeting-house, shall receive the above reward.
JAMES ROGERS.
Sep. 13, 1803.
TAKEN up by Robert Johnstn, living about six miles from Harrodsburg, one Iron Grey Horse, 14 hands high, three years old, branded on the off shoulder S; appraised to 100 dollars.
Charles Humphreys, j. p.
Alex. Parker & Co.
Have just received from Philadelphia, in addition to their former assortment
Rose and Striped Blankets assorted, Twilled, Grey, Blue and Striped Coatings
Superfine Broad Cloths assorted, Second do. do. assorted,
Double Milled Drabs assorted, Mixed and Drab Plaines,
Scarlet Cardinals, Blue and Drab Knaps,
Flannels and Baizes assorted, Chintzes and Callicoes assorted,
Silk Shawls assorted, 4-4 Irish Linnen,
Plain & Figured Cambric Mullins, Broad and Narrow Cord Dimities,
Book and Coarse Mullins, Blue and Green Hair Plush,
Kid and Morocco Slippers, Loaf Sugar and Coffee,
London Particular, Madeira and
Teneriffe Pepper, Chocolate and Mustard,
Indigo, and Spruce, Ochre and Tanner's Oil,
8 by 10 & 10 by 12 Window Glass, Queens' Glass & China Wares,
Knives and Forks assorted, Best Millington Crowley Steel,
Copper and Tin, Mill, Crops and Whip Saws,
6, 8, 10 & 12 oz. Tacks, 2d. & 3d. Clout Nails,
Tinn and Wheel Wire, &c. &c.
Which will make a general assortment for the present and approaching season, and which they will sell on the most moderate terms for CASH and HEMP.
Lexington, August 30th, 1803.
WANTED,
A likely NEGRO GIRL, between the age of 10 and 18, for which Cash will be given.—Apply at Mr. Bodley's Office, Lexington.
Sep. 20, 1803.
REMOVAL.
MACCOUN & TILFORD Have removed their STORE To the House formerly occupied by Messrs. SAML. and GEO. TROTTER.
July 26th, 1803.
30 DOLLARS REWARD.
Ran away from the subscriber, about the 10th of April 1803, a Negro Man, called RANDAL;
HE is about 28 or 30 years of age, he is a small fellow but well set; of a dark mulatto color, pretends to know something of post and railing; he can saw very well at both ends—he plays the fiddle after a negro fashion—he has marks on his back of the switch, and what is remarkable his great toe is much longer than the rest; he can read a little. It is most likely he is lurking about Gen. Levi Todd's where he has a wife. Whoever will secure the above fellow in prison so that I get him again, shall receive the above reward.
William Ingram.
August 20, 1803.
Warren County set.
TAKEN up by Randolph Bicks, about one mile from Warren court-house, a Bay Horse, fourteen hands high, four years old, four white feet, blaze face, a scar on both his thighs just below the hamstring, a natural trotter, branded on the near shoulder S; appraised to forty dollars, May 17th 1803.
J. B. tp. G. Gorin, j. p.
MADISON COUNTY, set.
September Term, 1803.
Joshua Dillingham, compl't. against Alexander Carns and Willis Watkins, def'ts.
In Chancery.
THE defendants having failed to enter their appearance herein agreeable to law and the rules of this court, and not being inhabitants of this state; on motion of the complainant by his counsel, it is ordered that the said defendants do appear here on the first Monday in March next, and answer the bill of the complainant, and that a copy of this order be published for three months successively in the Kentucky Gazette or Herald, another set up at the court-house door of this county, and that a third be published at the Baptist Stone meeting-house on Otter creek, some Sunday immediately after divine service.
*12/ A Copy, Teste WILL. IRVINE, C. M. C.
D. BRADFORD,
HAVING just received an assortment of LARGE TYPE, suitable for handbills, &c.—any person who may think proper to employ him, shall have their jobs executed in the most conspicuous manner, and on the shortest notice.
PAMPHLETS,
ON a variety of interesting subjects, for sale at the office of the Kentucky Gazette.
WILLIAM WEST,
Has received, and is now opening for sale, in the store formerly occupied by Mr. Robt. Barr, a well chosen assortment of
Dry Goods and Stationary, Glass and Queen's ware, Iron Mongery and Hard Ware. A handsome assortment of Saddlery.
In his assortment of Merchandise, are the following articles, viz.
Imperial, Young Hyson, Hyson, Hyson Skin and Bohea French Brandy, Old Jamaica Spirits & Acid, Madeira, Sherry, and Old Teneriffe
Loaf Sugar, Coffee, Rice, Chocolate, Raisins, Almonds, Pepper, Ginger, Allspice, Mustard, Mace and Cloves, Brimstone, Copperas, Alum, Indigo, Madder and Logwood.
FISH, Salmon, Shad, and Herrings.
Anvils, Vices, Steel, Bell-mettle Skill lets, Spades and Shovels,
Tow, Cotton and Wool Cards Gun Locks and Cutting Knives,
English and Dutch Scythes, Brushes of various kinds,
Nankeens, Men's Black and White Silk Stockings, Women's Silk do.
Large and Elegant White Cotton Counterpanes,
With many articles not here enumerated. They have been selected with care, and will be sold on as low terms as any in this town, for Cash, Whiskey, Hemp, Country made Linen, or such articles of Produce as may suit him.
The subscriber to enable him to sell cheap, has determined not to give credit on any terms.
P. S. A few pieces of the best London Superfine Cloths.
Also For Sale for Cash or Barter, (By Wholesale.)
A quantity of MERCHANDIZE, consisting chiefly of the following articles:
Fine, Tamboured, Figured & Book Mullins, Ginghams, an elegant assortment of Buttons, Muffs, Furs, Trimmings, a few pieces Fine Cloth, Casimeres & Swansdown—Mouselines Jacketing, Womens' and Childrens' Hats, &c. &c.
WILLIAM WEST.
THE HICKMAN MILLS,
Now in the most complete order, perhaps, of any mill in this state, is offered for RENT. This mill is eleven miles from Lexington, in an excellent neighborhood for wheat, has one pair of five feet burs, and one pair of Red river stones, a rolling screen and fan—wheat elevators, hopper boy, and in fact all the patent machinery fixed in the most elegant manner. To those advantages is united that of a stream that affords water sufficient for the mill the whole year. I will rent the above mill for four years:
D. M'VICAR.
Sept. 1, 1803.
I will employ two good COOPERS.
Bourbon Circuit.—May Term, 1803.
George Mann, complainant, Against James Garnett, Samuel Arnett, and Ambrose Barnett, def'ts.
IN CHANCERY.
THE defendant James Garnett, not having entered his appearance herein agreeably to the act of assembly, and the rules of this court, and it appearing to the satisfaction of the court that he is not an inhabitant of this commonwealth, on motion of the complainant by his counsel, it is ordered that the said defendant do appear here on the third day of our next term, and answer the complainant's bill, that a copy of this order be published in some one of the Gazettes of this state, for two months successively, another posted at the door of the court-house, and at the front door of the Presbyterian meeting house in Paris, some Sunday immediately after divine service.
A copy. Tho. Arnold, clk.
TEN DOLLARS REWARD.
RAN away from the subscriber, living near Georgetown, Scott county, on the 12th Sept. Two Negro Men, by the names of
NED & NELSON.
Ned is about fifty years of age, an African born, and has scars on his cheeks, he has lost both his little toes. Nelson is about twenty-two or twenty-three years of age; both small black negroes; their clothing is very uncertain. Whoever will deliver the said negroes to the subscriber, shall receive the above reward.
THOMAS BARLOW.
October 1, 1803.
VALUABLE PROPERTY FOR SALE.
700 acres Military Land, lying on Brush creek, N. W. T. where the road crosses from Limestone to Chillicothe; this tract contains about three hundred acres of rich bottom, the remainder is well timbered; has on it a good mill seat, and is an excellent stand for a public house.
500 acres ditto ditto, lying on Clover Lick creek, a branch of the East fork of the Little Miami, N. W. T. in a good neighborhood, about three miles from Dunhams-Town, seven from Williamsburg, and eleven to twelve from the Ohio river.
1000 acres ditto ditto, lying on Brush creek, a few miles from New Market, N. W. T.
5000 acres, lying on Bank Lick creek, Kentucky, part of two tracts, containing 6000 acres, surveyed and patented for William Jones.
4000 acres, Clarke county, Kentucky, part of a tract of eight thousand acres, surveyed and patented for Richard Chinneforth.
3332 2-3 acres, Mason county, Kentucky, part of 5000 acres, surveyed and patented for George Underwood.
1200 acres, Mason county, Kentucky, surveyed and patented for Moody and M'Millin.
1000 acres Military land, on the waters of Russell's creek, Green river.
325 acres, Jefferson county, Kentucky, about four miles from Louisville, 40 acres of this tract is cleared.
116 1-2 acres, Franklin county, Kentucky, on the North fork of Elkhorn, about six miles from Frankfort; on this tract are considerable improvements.
A House and well improved Lot in the town of Paris, on Main street, and adjoining Mr. Hughes's tavern.
An Inn and Out Lot in said town.
Also a House and well improved Lot in this place.
The above described property will be sold low for CASH, HEMP and TOBACCO, or on giving bond with good security, a considerable credit may be had.—For further particulars enquire of the subscribers.
JOHN JORDAN Jun.
JOHN A. SEITZ.
Lexington, Kentucky, January 14th, 1803.
BLUE, RED, GREEN, YELLOW & BROWN DYING.
I WILL color cotton and linen with a hot dye, which I will warrant to stand, or return the money, and on as reasonable terms as any dyer in Lexington. I will dye wool a deep blue at 1s. 6d. per pound.
HUGH CRAWFORD, At the sign of the Golden Boot & Shoe, in Robert M'Gowan's old log house, next door to J. H. Stewart's printing office, on Main-street, Lexington.
September 13th, 1803.
N. B. If you want to have your cotton coloured free from spots, tye your cuts loose. H. C.
PROPOSALS
By DANIEL BRADFORD, For printing by Subscription, POLITICAL COMMERCIAL & MORAL
REFLECTIONS,
On the late cession of LOUISIANA, TO THE UNITED STATES.
By ALLAN B. MAGRUDER Esq. Of Lexington Kentucky.
CONDITIONS.
 I. The work will contain about 150 pages octavo.  II. It will be printed with a neat type, on good Kentucky paper.  III. The price to subscribers will be 50 cents a copy, one half paid at the time of subscribing, the remainder on the delivery of the work.  IV. It will be put to press as soon as 250 subscribers are obtained, and finished with all possible dispatch. 
FAMILY BIBLE.
Subscriptions will be received at this office for Carey's Family Bible. Price, either Five, Six, Seven or Eight Dollars, according to the manner in which it is executed.
BLANK BILLS OF LADING, AND MANIFESTS, For sale at this Office.
20 DOLLARS REWARD.
RAN away from the subscriber in Mercer county, on the 18th of July ONE NEGRO MAN, who calls himself
BILLEY HAYS.
He is about five feet ten or eleven inches high, of a yellow complexion, had on when he went, nothing but a shirt, trowlers and hat. Any person bringing the said negro to the subscriber, shall have the above reward.
MICHL. HUMBLE.
THE KENTUCKY MISCELLANY,
By Thomas Johnson Jun. may be had at this office.